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Huang X, Yang H, Lou A, Jiang S, Kang K, Wei Y, Li X, Wu Y, Yu M, Huang Q. Effect of psyllium husk powder on the gelation behavior, microstructure, and intermolecular interactions in myofibrillar protein gels from Andrias davidianus. Food Chem 2024; 458:140266. [PMID: 38964095 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between proteins and soluble dietary fibers plays a vital role in the development of animal-derived foods. Herein, the effects of different contents (0-3.0%) of round-bracted psyllium husk powder (PHP) on the gelation behavior, microstructure, and intermolecular interactions of Andrias davidianus myofibrillar protein (MP) were investigated. Rheological and chemical forces suggested that PHP (1.5%-2.0%) enhanced the functional properties of MP at low ionic strength, thereby increasing the viscoelasticity of mixed gels. SDS-PAGE revealed that PHP reinforced the cross-linking and aggregation of protein molecules. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that PHP induced the transformation of α-helix (decreased by 14.85%) to an ordered β-sheet structure (increased by 81.58%), which was more favorable for the formation of dense network structure and improved (10.53%) the water retention of MP gels. This study provided new insights for PHP to effectively meliorate the heat-induced gelling properties of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Province Engineering Research Center of Health Food Innovative Manufacturing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Yang
- DongTing Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Aihua Lou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China
| | - Shuiyan Jiang
- DongTing Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Kelang Kang
- DongTing Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yingjuan Wei
- DongTing Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Xin Li
- DongTing Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yingmei Wu
- DongTing Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Meijuan Yu
- DongTing Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Qun Huang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Province Engineering Research Center of Health Food Innovative Manufacturing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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2
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Pasmans K, Meex RCR, van Loon LJC, Blaak EE. Nutritional strategies to attenuate postprandial glycemic response. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13486. [PMID: 35686720 PMCID: PMC9541715 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining good glycemic control to prevent complications is crucial in people with type 2 diabetes and in people with prediabetes and in the general population. Different strategies to improve glycemic control involve the prescription of blood glucose-lowering drugs and the modulation of physical activity and diet. Interestingly, lifestyle intervention may be more effective in lowering hyperglycemia than pharmaceutical intervention. Regulation of postprandial glycemia is complex, but specific nutritional strategies can be applied to attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia. These strategies include reducing total carbohydrate intake, consuming carbohydrates with a lower glycemic index, the addition of or substitution by sweeteners and fibers, using food compounds which delay or inhibit gastric emptying or carbohydrate digestion, and using food compounds which inhibit intestinal glucose absorption. Nevertheless, it must be noted that every individual may respond differently to certain nutritional interventions. Therefore, a personalized approach is of importance to choose the optimal nutritional strategy to improve postprandial glycemia for each individual, but this requires a better understanding of the mechanisms explaining the differential responses between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Pasmans
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth C R Meex
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Zhu Y, Ye T, Jiang S, Lin L, Lu J. Effects of Psyllium Husk Powder on the Gel Properties of Silver Carp (
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
) Surimi. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Tao Ye
- School of Bioengineering Huainan Normal University Huainan China
| | - Shaotong Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Lin Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
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4
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Cao W, Liu F, Li RW, Chin Y, Wang Y, Xue C, Tang Q. Docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil prevented insulin resistance by modulating gut microbiome and promoting colonic peptide YY expression in diet-induced obesity mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Chen C, Shang C, Xin L, Xiang M, Wang Y, Shen Z, Jiao L, Ding F, Cui X. Beneficial Effects of Psyllium on the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases. Food Funct 2022; 13:7473-7486. [PMID: 35781477 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00560c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Nevertheless, current therapeutic strategies are insufficient; thus, studying novel complementary and alternative medicines remains of the upmost importance. Psyllium has been used for...
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chang Shang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yuling Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zihuan Shen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linke Jiao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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6
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Atzler JJ, Sahin AW, Gallagher E, Zannini E, Arendt EK. Investigation of different dietary-fibre-ingredients for the design of a fibre enriched bread formulation low in FODMAPs based on wheat starch and vital gluten. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractConsumption of fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) often induces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Since FODMAPs and dietary fibre (DF) share certain characteristics, IBS-patients have a limited intake of DF. Therefore, enrichment of a low FODMAP model bread (based on 84% wheat starch and 16% vital gluten) with various fibres (bamboo, cellulose, psyllium, guar gum) in two different concentrations (3 g/100 g and 6 g/100 g) was investigated. Physico-chemical properties of doughs and breads were analysed (fermentation quality, gluten development, specific volume and hardness), as well as the release of reducing sugars during in vitro digestion. High performance anion exchange chromatography with coupled pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) was used to determine the FODMAP levels (contents of mannitol, sorbitol, fructose in excess of glucose, fructans and α-galactooligosaccharides) of both dough and bread. Prototypes were compared with wheat flour-based breads (bakers’ flour with and without wheat bran addition) to assess the performance of these prototypes. Prototypes showed a decreased quality compared to a baker’s flour control, however, a quality comparable to commercial wheat bran breads was found. This in combination with a lower release of reducing sugars during in vitro digestion underline the potential of fibre enriched breads as part of a healthier and more palateable low FODMAP diet. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of the type (viscous and insoluble) and the concentration of fibres used. Application of psyllium in a concentration of 3 g/100 g showed the most beneficial impact on both physical (specific volume, hardness after 0 h and 24 h) and nutritional aspects of bread.
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7
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Effect and mechanism of psyllium husk (Plantago ovata) on myofibrillar protein gelation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Rivers CR, Kantor MA. Psyllium husk intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based scientific and regulatory review of a qualified health claim conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:787-797. [PMID: 31968119 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received a petition from a company requesting that FDA issue an authorized health claim for the relationship between psyllium husk and a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. After an initial assessment of the available scientific evidence, FDA determined that significant scientific agreement was lacking for this substance-disease relationship, whereupon the company agreed to have its petition reviewed as a qualified health claim. This article describes the process FDA used in conducting an evidence-based review of the science underpinning the proposed claim and addresses certain safety issues associated with psyllium husk that FDA considered in its review of the petition. Of the 6 studies from which scientific conclusions could be drawn, as identified through FDA's review, psyllium husk significantly improved plasma glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in only 1 study. Therefore, FDA's enforcement discretion letter for this qualified health claim stated: "Psyllium husk may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, although the FDA has concluded that there is very little scientific evidence for this claim."
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal R Rivers
- Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Kantor
- Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
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9
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Manzoor M, Singh J, Bandral JD, Gani A, Shams R. Food hydrocolloids: Functional, nutraceutical and novel applications for delivery of bioactive compounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:554-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Adriano LS, Dionísio AP, Pinto de Abreu FA, Wurlitzer NJ, Cordeiro de Melo BR, Ferreira Carioca AA, de Carvalho Sampaio HA. Acute postprandial effect of yacon syrup ingestion on appetite: A double blind randomized crossover clinical trial. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109648. [PMID: 33233227 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yacon syrup is a rich source of fructooligosaccharides (FOS); however, its diet supplementation effect on subjective sensation and appetite biomarkers in human is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the acute postprandial effect of yacon syrup ingestion on appetite. The double-blind crossover clinical trial was carried out with 40 adult women: 20 eutrophic and 20 obese grade I. On each day, the first blood collection was performed after a 12-h fast. Then, the volunteers ingested either intervention A (breakfast + 40 g of placebo) or intervention B (breakfast + 40 g of yacon syrup, containing 14 g of FOS). New aliquots of blood were collected at 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Appetite was assessed by estimating ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and by assessing subjective appetite sensation. Analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. No effect of yacon syrup was observed on postprandial ghrelin and GLP-1 levels at all times evaluated. Similar observations were made after stratifying the analysis by BMI (body mass index) (eutrophic and obese). The effect of yacon syrup on postprandial subjective sensations of hunger, satiety, fullness, and desire to eat was not evident in the total group of women evaluated and even after BMI stratification. We concluded that yacon syrup had no effect on postprandial ghrelin and GLP-1 levels and on the subjective appetite sensation in young adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Silveira Adriano
- Department of Nutrition, State University of Ceara, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, University of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dionísio
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Nedio Jair Wurlitzer
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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11
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Hansson P, Holven KB, Øyri LK, Brekke HK, Gjevestad GO, Rehfeld JF, Raza GS, Herzig KH, Ulven SM. Dairy products influence gut hormone secretion and appetite differently: A randomized controlled crossover trial. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:1100-1109. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Wolever TMS, Tosh SM, Spruill SE, Jenkins AL, Ezatagha A, Duss R, Johnson J, Chu Y, Steinert RE. Increasing oat β-glucan viscosity in a breakfast meal slows gastric emptying and reduces glycemic and insulinemic responses but has no effect on appetite, food intake, or plasma ghrelin and PYY responses in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:319-328. [PMID: 31828287 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The viscosity of oat β-glucan (OBG) determines its effect on serum cholesterol and glycemic responses, but whether OBG viscosity affects gastric emptying, appetite, and ad libitum food intake is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of altering the amount or molecular weight (MW) and, hence, viscosity of OBG in a breakfast meal on the primary endpoint of food intake at a subsequent meal. METHODS Overnight-fasted males (n = 16) and nonpregnant females (n = 12) without diabetes, aged 18-60 y, with BMI 20.0-30.0 kg/m² who were unrestrained eaters participated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study at a contract research organization. Participants consumed, in random order, breakfast meals equivalent in weight, energy, and macronutrients consisting of white-bread, butter, jam, and 2% milk plus hot cereal [Cream of Rice (CR), or instant-oatmeal plus either 3 g oat-bran (2gOBG), 10 g oat-bran (4gOBG), or 10 g oat-bran plus β-glucanase (4gloMW) to reduce OBG MW and viscosity compared with 4gOBG]. Gastric emptying, subjective appetite, and glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) responses were assessed for 3 h and then subjects were offered an ad libitum lunch (water and pizza). RESULTS Pizza intakes (n = 28) after CR, 2gOBG, 4gOBG, and 4gloMW (mean ± SEM: 887 ± 64, 831 ± 61, 834 ± 78, and 847 ± 68 kcal, respectively) were similar (nonsignificant). Compared with CR, 4gOBG significantly reduced glucose (78 ± 10 compared with 135 ± 15 mmol × min/L) and insulin (14.0 ± 1.6 compared with 26.8 ± 3.5 nmol × min/L) incremental area-under-the-curve and delayed gastric-emptying half-time (geometric mean: 285; 95% CI: 184, 442, compared with geometric mean: 105; 95% CI: 95, 117 min), effects not seen after 4gloMW. Subjective appetite, PYY, and ghrelin responses after 2gOBG, 4gOBG, and 4gloMW were similar to those after CR. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that OBG viscosity determines its effect on postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric emptying. However, we were unable to demonstrate a significant effect of OBG on appetite or food intake, regardless of its viscosity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03490851.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M S Wolever
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Tosh
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Adish Ezatagha
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruedi Duss
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jodee Johnson
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, USA
| | - YiFang Chu
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, USA
| | - Robert E Steinert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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Zhou Y, Qin J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Cheng Y. Gastrointestinal and metabolic effects of noodles-based konjac glucomannan in rats. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1997. [PMID: 31903092 PMCID: PMC6925537 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that the beneficial metabolic effects of dietary fiber, konjac glucomannan (KGM), related with in vivo digestion might be altered if the complicated food matrix was taken into consideration. A diet of precooked noodles (PN), as widely produced and consumed in Asia, was used to simulate an actual food context. Assays were conducted with male Wistar rats (n = 80); the rats were divided into five groups and fed with either PN (control), PN supplemented with medium-dose KGM (MK), precooked low-dose KGM-supplemented noodles (LKD), precooked medium-dose KGM-supplemented noodles (MKD) or precooked high-dose KGM supplemented noodles (HKD). The time-dependent changes in blood glucose and the sensitivity to insulin after intragastric administration were determined to evaluate the postprandial glycemic response. The activity of intestinal Na+-K+-ATPase and the levels of gut hormones including motilin, cholecystokin, GLP-1, and orexin were also determined to provide insights into the function of gastrointestinal motion and after-meal hormonal feedback in each group. The noodles-based KGM showed much more efficacy in sustaining glucose homeostasis compared with KGM supplemented in a diet of noodles, indicating there might be potential long-term health outcomes of satiety and energy balance using noodles-based KGM. The postprandial glycemia was largely moderated by LKD and MKD. Despite the significant reduction in the production of glucose, MKD caused insensitivity to insulin-blood glucose regulation and a rapid gut negative feedback following a severe blood glucose fluctuation. In conclusion, the health-promoting benefits of KGM supplements on glycemic response highly depend on the type of matrix and the dose of KGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangdan Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Bosch-Sierra N, Marqués-Cardete R, Gurrea-Martínez A, Grau-Del Valle C, Morillas C, Hernández-Mijares A, Bañuls C. Effect of Fibre-Enriched Orange Juice on Postprandial Glycaemic Response and Satiety in Healthy Individuals: An Acute, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123014. [PMID: 31835476 PMCID: PMC6950290 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Consumption of fibre-enriched orange juice may be an appropriate way to supplement daily fibre intake and achieve beneficial effects on metabolic health. The present study aimed to assess the short-term effects of fibre-enriched orange juice on postprandial metabolism and satiety in a healthy adult population. Methods: In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study 10 healthy subjects underwent two one-day trials in which they consumed an orange juice beverage containing 1.4 g/100 mL of citrus fibre (29.3% soluble and 41.9% insoluble) or a placebo (regular orange juice without added fibre). Postprandial glucose, insulin, gut hormones (GLP1, GIP and ghrelin), leptin and qualitative appetite/satiety assessment were measured every 15 or 30 min over the 120 min test period. Results: The fibre-enriched orange juice decreased postprandial serum glucose and circulating insulin levels at 15 min compared with the placebo. In addition, after intake of the fibre-enriched juice, a significant effect on qualitative feelings of satiety and fullness was observed at 15 and 120 min, and was accompanied by a significant decrease in GLP1 response at 15 min. No significant changes were observed in leptin, GIP and ghrelin after juice intake. Conclusions: In healthy individuals, a single acute consumption of fibre-enriched orange juice has short-term beneficial effects on postprandial glycaemia, circulating insulin levels and satiety through GLP1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Bosch-Sierra
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
| | - Roger Marqués-Cardete
- Zumos Valencianos del Mediterraneo S.A., Calle del Pollancar (Pol Industrial Parc Sagunt I) S/N, 46520 Puerto de Sagunto, Valencia, Spain; (R.M.-C.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Aránzazu Gurrea-Martínez
- Zumos Valencianos del Mediterraneo S.A., Calle del Pollancar (Pol Industrial Parc Sagunt I) S/N, 46520 Puerto de Sagunto, Valencia, Spain; (R.M.-C.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Carmen Grau-Del Valle
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda de Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda de Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-D.V.); (C.M.); (A.H.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0034-96-318-9132; Fax: +0034-96-246-9933
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El Helou N, Obeid OA, Olabi A. Effect of Meal Acceptability on Postprandial Appetite Scores and Hormones of Male Participants with Varied Adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1627-1633. [PMID: 31411376 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study portrays the effect of hedonic manipulation (high acceptability [HA] vs. low acceptability [LA]) on postprandial hormones and appetite scores in healthy males. METHODS Thirty participants (15 with normal weight and 15 with obesity) were recruited for a randomized, crossover design. They were randomly assigned to the HA or LA (with acesulfame-K) custard. Blood samples were drawn before the meals and for 4 hours after the meals and were analyzed for glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1). Appetite scores and subsequent energy intake were recorded. RESULTS Postprandial glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were different according to adiposity, whereas meal acceptability did not correspond to any significant difference in postprandial glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and GLP-1 concentrations. Appetite scores showed lower hunger, higher satiety, and fullness after the HA meal without a significant difference between the meals. Subsequent energy intake, expressed as a percentage of the resting energy expenditure, was higher in participants with obesity but did not reflect postprandial hormones and appetite scores; there was no significant difference between meals. CONCLUSIONS Hedonic properties and palatability do not affect gut hormones, mainly ghrelin and GLP-1. Moreover, their postprandial concentrations were not paralleled by similar changes in appetite scores, and both were not found to affect subsequent intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehmat El Helou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar A Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ammar Olabi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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How Satiating Are the 'Satiety' Peptides: A Problem of Pharmacology versus Physiology in the Development of Novel Foods for Regulation of Food Intake. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071517. [PMID: 31277416 PMCID: PMC6682889 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel foods to suppress energy intake and promote negative energy balance and weight loss has been a long-term but commonly unsuccessful challenge. Targeting regulation of appetite is of interest to public health researchers and industry in the quest to develop ‘functional’ foods, but poor understanding of the underpinning mechanisms regulating food intake has hampered progress. The gastrointestinal (GI) or ‘satiety’ peptides including cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) secreted following a meal, have long been purported as predictive biomarkers of appetite response, including food intake. Whilst peptide infusion drives a clear change in hunger/fullness and eating behaviour, inducing GI-peptide secretion through diet may not, possibly due to modest effects of single meals on peptide levels. We conducted a review of 70 dietary preload (DIET) and peptide infusion (INFUSION) studies in lean healthy adults that reported outcomes of CCK, GLP-1 and PYY. DIET studies were acute preload interventions. INFUSION studies showed that minimum increase required to suppress ad libitum energy intake for CCK, GLP-1 and PYY was 3.6-, 4.0- and 3.1-fold, respectively, achieved through DIET in only 29%, 0% and 8% of interventions. Whether circulating ‘thresholds’ of peptide concentration likely required for behavioural change can be achieved through diet is questionable. As yet, no individual or group of peptides can be measured in blood to reliably predict feelings of hunger and food intake. Developing foods that successfully target enhanced secretion of GI-origin ‘satiety’ peptides for weight loss remains a significant challenge.
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Darooghegi Mofrad M, Mozaffari H, Mousavi SM, Sheikhi A, Milajerdi A. The effects of psyllium supplementation on body weight, body mass index and waist circumference in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:859-872. [PMID: 30880409 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1553140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies reported inconsistent findings regarding the effects of psyllium supplementation on obesity measures. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize data from available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the effect of psyllium supplementation on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in adults.Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant articles up to August 2018. The effect sizes were presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by using random effects model. To detect dose-response relationships, we used fractional polynomial modeling.Results: A total of 22 RCTs were included. Meta-analysis did not find any significant effect of psyllium supplementation on body weight (MD: -0.28 kg, 95% CI: -0.78, 0.21, p = 0.268), BMI (MD: -0.19 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.55, 0.15, p = 0.27) and WC (MD: -1.2 cm, 95% CI: -2.6, 0.2, p = 0.09). Subgroup analysis showed that psyllium dosage, kind of psyllium administration, duration of trial, study design, sample size, and gender were potential sources of heterogeneity. Moreover, there was nonlinear association between duration of psyllium consumption, BMI and WC.Conclusion: Psyllium supplementation does not reduce body weight, BMI, and WC significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manije Darooghegi Mofrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheikhi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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18
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Yamakawa T, Sakamoto R, Takahashi K, Suzuki J, Matuura‐Shinoda M, Takahashi M, Shigematsu E, Tanaka S, Kaneshiro M, Asakura T, Kawata T, Yamada Y, Osada UN, Isozaki T, Takahashi A, Kadonosono K, Terauchi Y. Dietary survey in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and the influence of dietary carbohydrate on glycated hemoglobin: The Sleep and Food Registry in Kanagawa study. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:309-317. [PMID: 30070047 PMCID: PMC6400148 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The present study investigated the relationship between the macronutrient energy ratio, dietary carbohydrate and glycated hemoglobin levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, to generate a potential optimal dietary intake of macronutrients for such patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 3,032 patients participating in the Sleep and Food Registry in Kanagawa study were evaluated. Their diets were assessed for macronutrient content through a brief self-administered dietary history questionnaire. Relevant biochemical assays were carried out. RESULTS The mean energy intake (±standard deviation) was 1,711 ± 645 kcal/day. The proportion of energy supplied by protein, fat and carbohydrate were 16.3, 26.8 and 52.3%, respectively. Total fiber intake was 12.6 ± 5.7 g/day. The high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) group (HbA1c >8%) had significantly lower protein and higher carbohydrate intake than the low HbA1c group (HbA1c <6.5%). Higher HbA1c levels were positively correlated with unfavorable metabolic factors, including elevated body mass index and excess carbohydrate intake, and negatively correlated with age, protein intake and fiber intake. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between HbA1c and carbohydrate intake after adjusting for sex, age and body mass index (0.104, P < 0.0001). Additionally, patients within the uppermost tertile for the percentage of total energy intake from carbohydrate (>60%) were most likely to have high HbA1c levels. HbA1c was significantly correlated with carbohydrate (%E) in all age groups and in patients taking one or two antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSIONS The dietary carbohydrate:energy ratio has a positive correlation with HbA1c, suggesting that avoiding excessive carbohydrate intake (>60%) might help foster glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamakawa
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Rika Sakamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Kenichiro Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Minori Matuura‐Shinoda
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Mayumi Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Erina Shigematsu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismYokohama Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- International University of Health and Welfare, Atami HospitalAtamiJapan
| | | | | | | | - Kazuaki Kadonosono
- Department of OphthalmologyYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismYokohama City University School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
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Jane M, McKay J, Pal S. Effects of daily consumption of psyllium, oat bran and polyGlycopleX on obesity-related disease risk factors: A critical review. Nutrition 2019; 57:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Goff HD, Repin N, Fabek H, El Khoury D, Gidley MJ. Dietary fibre for glycaemia control: Towards a mechanistic understanding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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McRae MP. Dietary Fiber Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses. J Chiropr Med 2018; 17:44-53. [PMID: 29628808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on type 2 diabetes. Methods An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980, to April 30, 2017, was conducted using the following search strategy: (fiber OR glucan OR psyllium) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review). Only English-language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on type 2 diabetes, fasting blood glucose concentrations, or glycosylated hemoglobin were retrieved. Results Sixteen meta-analyses were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review. In the meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest dietary fiber intake, there was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes (RR = 0.81-0.85), with the greatest benefit coming from cereal fibers (RR = 0.67-0.87). However, statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in all of these meta-analyses. In the meta-analyses of supplementation studies using β-glucan or psyllium fibers on type 2 diabetic participants, statistically significant reductions were identified in both fasting blood glucose concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin percentages. Conclusion This review suggests that those consuming the highest amounts of dietary fiber, especially cereal fiber, may benefit from a reduction in the incidence of developing type 2 diabetes. There also appears to be a small reduction in fasting blood glucose concentration, as well as a small reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin percentage for individuals with type 2 diabetes who add β-glucan or psyllium to their daily dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P McRae
- Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois
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22
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Müller M, Canfora EE, Blaak EE. Gastrointestinal Transit Time, Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Health: Modulation by Dietary Fibers. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030275. [PMID: 29495569 PMCID: PMC5872693 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal transit time may be an important determinant of glucose homeostasis and metabolic health through effects on nutrient absorption and microbial composition, among other mechanisms. Modulation of gastrointestinal transit may be one of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial health effects of dietary fibers. These effects include improved glucose homeostasis and a reduced risk of developing metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we first discuss the regulation of gastric emptying rate, small intestinal transit and colonic transit as well as their relation to glucose homeostasis and metabolic health. Subsequently, we briefly address the reported health effects of different dietary fibers and discuss to what extent the fiber-induced health benefits may be mediated through modulation of gastrointestinal transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattea Müller
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Emanuel E Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Abutair AS, Naser IA, Hamed AT. The Effect of Soluble Fiber Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome Profile among Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Clin Nutr Res 2018; 7:31-39. [PMID: 29423387 PMCID: PMC5796921 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2018.7.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets with high fiber content improve most metabolic syndrome (MetS) profile in non-diabetic individuals, but there is scarce information about the role of fiber intake in patients with the MetS and diabetes. The objective of this study is to determine whether soluble fiber supplementation improve MetS profile for 8 weeks of intervention in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) adult patients. After one week of dietary stabilization phase, 36 newly diagnosed T2D patients were stratified to different strata according to sex, age, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and waist circumference (WC). Then they were randomly allocated into 2 groups. The psyllium group (n = 18) received 10.5 g of psyllium daily for 8 weeks. The control group (n = 18) maintained their regular diet for 8 weeks. Soluble fiber supplementation showed significant reduction in the majority of MetS profile; FBS (43.55 mg/dL, p < 0.001), triglyceride (37.89 mg/dL, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (20.32 mg/dL, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (7.50 mmHg, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (2.78 mmHg, p = 0.013), and WC (2.54 cm, p < 0.001) in the intervention group compared with the control group after 8 weeks of intervention. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced in both groups, but this reduction was insignificant. The improvement in the MetS profile was enhanced by combining psyllium to the normal diet. Consumption of foods containing moderate amounts of these fibers may improve MetS profile in newly diagnosed T2D patients. This study was registered in Current Controlled Trials (PHRC/HC/28/15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman S Abutair
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Ihab A Naser
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Amin T Hamed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
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24
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Gwin JA, Maki KC, Leidy HJ. Increased Protein Consumption during the Day from an Energy-Restricted Diet Augments Satiety but Does Not Reduce Daily Fat or Carbohydrate Intake on a Free-Living Test Day in Overweight Women. J Nutr 2017; 147:2338-2346. [PMID: 29070709 PMCID: PMC6636664 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.255554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Higher-protein (HP) energy-restriction diets improve weight management to a greater extent than normal-protein (NP) versions. Potential mechanisms of action with regard to assessment of eating behaviors across the day have not been widely examined during energy restriction.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to test whether the consumption of an HP energy-restriction diet reduces carbohydrate and fat intakes through improvements in daily appetite, satiety, and food cravings compared with NP versions and to test whether protein type within the NP diets alters protein-related satiety.Methods: Seventeen overweight women [mean ± SEM age: 36 ± 1 y; body mass index (kg/m2): 28.4 ± 0.1] completed a randomized, controlled-feeding crossover study. Participants were provided with the following ∼1250-kcal/d energy-restricted (-750-kcal/d deficit) diets, each for 6 d: HP [124 g protein/d; 60% from beef and 40% from plant sources (HP-BEEF)] or NP (48 g protein/d) that was protein-type matched (NP-BEEF) or unmatched [100% from plant-based sources (NP-PLANT)]. On day 6 of each diet period, participants completed a 12-h testing day containing repetitive appetite, satiety, and food-craving questionnaires. On day 7, the participants were asked to consume their protein requirement within each respective diet but were provided with a surplus of carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods to consume, ad libitum, at each eating occasion across the day. All outcomes reported were primary study outcomes.Results: The HP-BEEF diet reduced daily hunger by 16%, desire to eat by 15%, prospective food consumption by 14%, and fast-food cravings by 15% but increased daily fullness by 25% compared with the NP-BEEF and NP-PLANT diets (all P < 0.05). However, consuming more protein throughout the day did not reduce the energy consumed ad libitum from the fat- and carbohydrate-rich foods (HP-BEEF: 2000 ± 180 kcal/d; NP-BEEF: 2120 ± 190 kcal/d; NP-PLANT: 2070 ± 180 kcal/d). None of the outcomes differed between the NP-BEEF and NP-PLANT treatments.Conclusions: Although appetite control, satiety, and food cravings improved after an HP energy-restriction diet, increased protein consumption did not reduce carbohydrate and fat intakes throughout the free-living test day in overweight healthy women exposed to highly palatable foods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02614729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess A Gwin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; and
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health; Glen Ellyn, IL
| | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; and
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25
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Ingerslev AK, Mutt SJ, Lærke HN, Hedemann MS, Theil PK, Nielsen KL, Jørgensen H, Herzig KH, Bach Knudsen KE. Postprandial PYY increase by resistant starch supplementation is independent of net portal appearance of short-chain fatty acids in pigs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185927. [PMID: 28982156 PMCID: PMC5628905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased dietary fiber (DF) fermentation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production may stimulate peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) secretion. In this study, the effects of hindgut SCFA production on postprandial PYY plasma levels were assessed using different experimental diets in a porto-arterial catheterized pig model. The pigs were fed experimental diets varying in source and levels of DF for one week in 3×3 Latin square designs. The DF sources were whole-wheat grain, wheat aleurone, rye aleurone-rich flour, rye flakes, and resistant starch. Postprandial blood samples were collected from the catheters and analyzed for PYY levels and net portal appearance (NPA) of PYY was correlated to NPA of SCFA. No significant effects of diets on NPA of PYY were observed (P > 0.05), however, resistant starch supplementation increased postprandial NPA of PYY levels by 37 to 54% compared with rye-based and Western-style control diets (P = 0.19). This increase was caused by higher mesenteric artery and portal vein PYY plasma levels (P < 0.001) and was independent of SCFA absorption (P > 0.05). The PYY levels were higher in response to the second daily meal compared with the first daily meal (P < 0.001), but similar among diets (P > 0.10). In conclusion, the increased postprandial PYY responses in pigs fed with different levels and sources of DF are not caused by an increased SCFA absorption and suggest that other mechanisms such as neural reflexes and possibly an increased flow of digesta in the small intestine may be involved. The content of DF and SCFA production did not affect PYY levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Henry Jørgensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Medical Research Center (MRC) and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Borczak B, Sikora M, Sikora E, Dobosz A, Kapusta-Duch J. Glycaemic index of wheat bread. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Borczak
- Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Human Nutrition; University of Agriculture in Krakow; Krakow Poland
| | - Marek Sikora
- Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Carbohydrate Technology; University of Agriculture in Krakow; Krakow Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sikora
- Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Human Nutrition; University of Agriculture in Krakow; Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Dobosz
- Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Carbohydrate Technology; University of Agriculture in Krakow; Krakow Poland
| | - Joanna Kapusta-Duch
- Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Human Nutrition; University of Agriculture in Krakow; Krakow Poland
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27
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Serrano J, Casanova-Martí À, Blay MT, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Strategy for limiting food intake using food components aimed at multiple targets in the gastrointestinal tract. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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Kehlet U, Kofod J, Holst JJ, Ritz C, Aaslyng MD, Raben A. Addition of Rye Bran and Pea Fiber to Pork Meatballs Enhances Subjective Satiety in Healthy Men, but Does Not Change Glycemic or Hormonal Responses: A Randomized Crossover Meal Test Study. J Nutr 2017; 147:1700-1708. [PMID: 28794212 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.250332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of high-protein, fiber-rich foods targeting appetite control could be an efficient tool in obesity prevention.Objectives: We investigated whether ad libitum energy intake (EI), appetite, and metabolic markers in a meal context were affected by 1) fiber addition (rye bran and pea fiber) to pork meatballs, 2) the food matrix of the fiber (fiber meatballs compared with fiber bread), or 3) the protein source (animal compared with vegetable protein patties).Methods: In a crossover design, 40 healthy men [mean ± SD: body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), 22.2 ± 1.9; age, 23.3 ± 2.9 y] consumed 4 test meals: a low-fiber meal consisting of pork meatballs plus wheat bread (LF meal); pork meatballs plus fiber bread; fiber meatballs plus wheat bread, and vegetable patties with a natural fiber content plus wheat bread (∼3000 kJ; protein ∼18% of energy, carbohydrate ∼50% of energy, fat ∼30% of energy; 13 g fiber in the fiber meals). Ad libitum EI after 4 h was the primary endpoint. Moreover, appetite sensations and postprandial responses of glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY 3-36, and plasma amino acids were measured.Results: Ad libitum EI did not differ significantly between the meals. Satiety and fullness increased 11% and 13%, respectively, and hunger and prospective intake decreased 17% and 15%, respectively, after the meal of fiber meatballs plus wheat bread compared with the LF meal (P < 0.01). Hormonal and metabolic responses did not differ between the meals. In general, plasma amino acid concentrations were higher after the fiber-rich meals than after the LF meal.Conclusions: Meals based on meatballs and bread with differences in the fiber content, food matrix of fiber, and protein source had similar effects on ad libitum EI in healthy men. However, fiber addition to pork meatballs favorably affected appetite sensations but without changes in hormonal and metabolic responses. Moreover, animal- and vegetable-protein-based, fiber-matched meals had similar effects on appetite regulation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02521805.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Kehlet
- Danish Meat Research Institute, Danish Technological Institute, Taastrup, Denmark;
| | - Josephine Kofod
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; and
| | - Jens J Holst
- NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; and
| | - Margit D Aaslyng
- Danish Meat Research Institute, Danish Technological Institute, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; and
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Barczynska R, Jurgoński A, Slizewska K, Juśkiewicz J, Kapusniak J. Effects of potato dextrin on the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota in rats fed standard and high-fat diets. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Díez R, García JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernández N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:298. [PMID: 28592281 PMCID: PMC5463324 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent frequently used in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we have investigated the influence of the dietary fiber Plantago ovata husk on the pharmacokinetics of this drug when included in the diet, as well as when administered at the same time as metformin. Methods Six groups of 6 rabbits were used. Groups 1 to 3 were fed with standard chow and groups 4 to 6 with chow supplemented with fiber (3.5 mg/kg/day). Groups 1 and 4 received metformin intravenously (30 mg/kg). Groups 2 and 5 received metfomin orally (30 mg/kg), and number 3 and 6 were treated orally with metformin (30 mg/kg) and fiber (300 mg/kg). Results The changes caused by the inclusion of fiber in the feeding were more important in groups that received oral metformin. In this way, metformin oral bioavailability showed an increase of 34.42% when rabbits were fed with supplemented chow. Conclusions Plantago ovata husk increased the amount of absorbed metformin when included in the diet (significant increase in AUC), and delayed its absorption when administered at the same time (significant increase in tmax).
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Amankwaah AF, Sayer RD, Wright AJ, Chen N, McCrory MA, Campbell WW. Effects of Higher Dietary Protein and Fiber Intakes at Breakfast on Postprandial Glucose, Insulin, and 24-h Interstitial Glucose in Overweight Adults. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040352. [PMID: 28368334 PMCID: PMC5409691 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein and fiber independently influence insulin-mediated glucose control. However, potential additive effects are not well-known. Men and women (n = 20; age: 26 ± 5 years; body mass index: 26.1 ± 0.2 kg/m2; mean ± standard deviation) consumed normal protein and fiber (NPNF; NP = 12.5 g, NF = 2 g), normal protein and high fiber (NPHF; NP = 12.5 g, HF = 8 g), high protein and normal fiber (HPNF; HP = 25 g, NF = 2 g), or high protein and fiber (HPHF; HP = 25 g, HF = 8 g) breakfast treatments during four 2-week interventions in a randomized crossover fashion. On the last day of each intervention, meal tolerance tests were completed to assess postprandial (every 60 min for 240 min) serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure 24-h interstitial glucose during five days of the second week of each intervention. Repeated-measures ANOVA was applied for data analyses. The HPHF treatment did not affect postprandial glucose and insulin responses or 24-h glucose total area under the curve (AUC). Higher fiber intake reduced 240-min insulin AUC. Doubling the amount of protein from 12.5 g to 25 g/meal and quadrupling fiber from 2 to 8 g/meal at breakfast was not an effective strategy for modulating insulin-mediated glucose responses in these young, overweight adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akua F Amankwaah
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Science, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA.
| | - R Drew Sayer
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado-Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Amy J Wright
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Science, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA.
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Megan A McCrory
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Orange Pomace Improves Postprandial Glycemic Responses: An Acute, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial in Overweight Men. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020130. [PMID: 28208806 PMCID: PMC5331561 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Orange pomace (OP), a fiber-rich byproduct of juice production, has the potential for being formulated into a variety of food products. We hypothesized that OP would diminish postprandial glycemic responses to a high carbohydrate/fat breakfast and lunch. We conducted an acute, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, crossover trial with 34 overweight men who consumed either a 255 g placebo (PLA), a low (35% OP (LOP)), or a high (77% (HOP)) dose OP beverage with breakfast. Blood was collected at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 45 min and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, and 8 h. Lunch was consumed after the 5.5-h blood draw. OP delayed the time (Tmax1) to the maximum concentration (Cmax1) of serum glucose during the 2-h period post breakfast by ≥36% from 33 (PLA) to 45 (HOP) and 47 (LOP) min (p = 0.055 and 0.013, respectively). OP decreased post-breakfast insulin Cmax1 by ≥10% and LOP delayed the Tmax1 by 14 min, compared to PLA at 46 min (p ≤ 0.05). HOP reduced the first 2-h insulin area under concentration time curve (AUC) by 23% compared to PLA. Thus, OP diminishes postprandial glycemic responses to a high carbohydrate/fat breakfast and the second meal in overweight men.
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Pal S, Ho S, Gahler RJ, Wood S. Effect on Insulin, Glucose and Lipids in Overweight/Obese Australian Adults of 12 Months Consumption of Two Different Fibre Supplements in a Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020091. [PMID: 28146065 PMCID: PMC5331522 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher fibre intakes are associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases. This study investigated the effects of supplementation with PolyGlycopleX® (PGX), a complexed polysaccharide, on insulin, glucose and lipids in overweight and obese individuals. In this double-blind 12 months study, participants were randomised into three groups: control (rice flour); PGX or psyllium (PSY). Participants followed their usual lifestyle and diet but consumed 5 g of their supplement before meals. Insulin was significantly lower in the PGX and PSY groups compared to control at 3 and 6 months and in the PSY group compared to control at 12 months. Serum glucose was significantly lower in the PGX group at 3 months compared to control. Total cholesterol was significantly lower in the PGX and PSY groups compared to control at 3 and 6 months. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly increased in the PGX group compared to control at 12 months. low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was significantly lower in the PGX group at 3 and 6 months compared to control and in the PSY group at 3 months compared to control. A simple strategy of fibre supplementation may offer an effective solution to glucose, insulin and lipid management without the need for other nutrient modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | - Suleen Ho
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | | | - Simon Wood
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Pal S, Ho S, Gahler RJ, Wood S. Effect on body weight and composition in overweight/obese Australian adults over 12 months consumption of two different types of fibre supplementation in a randomized trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:82. [PMID: 27891167 PMCID: PMC5114742 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Higher fibre intakes are associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases. However, many people find difficulty in consuming sufficient fibre through their diet. Supplements may be an effective alternative. We aimed to investigate the effects of PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®), a proprietary polysaccharide complex and a proprietary Psyllium product (PgxSyl™) (PSY) on diet, body weight and composition in overweight and obese individuals. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a double-blind 52 weeks study with 159 people randomized to 3 groups: control (rice flour); PGX (PGX) and proprietary psyllium (PSY). Participants did not change any of their usual habits or diet except they consumed 5 g of supplement taken with a total of 500 ml of water 5-10 min before meals. RESULTS Weight was significantly lower in the PGX group compared to control at 3 (-1.6 kg [0.57, 2.67, p = 0.003]), 6 (-2.6 kg [1.01, 4.13, p = 0.001]) and 12 months (-2.6 kg [0.59, 4.64, p = 0.012]) and in the PSY group compared to control group at 3 (-1.1 kg [0.07, 2.12, p = 0.037]) and 6 months (-2.4 kg [0.95, 3.93, p = 0.002]). This was a difference of - 2.8% for the PGX group and - 1.5% for the PSY group compared to control after 12 months supplementation. Body Fat was significantly lower in PGX compared to control at 6 (-1.8 kg [0.63, 2.95, p = 0.003]) and 12 months (-1.9 kg [0.43, 3.36, p = 0.012]) and in PSY compared to control at 6 (-1.9 kg [0.84, 3.04, p = 0.001]) and 12 months (-1.4 kg [0.08, 2.71, p = 0.038]). CONCLUSIONS PGX was better than PSY at maintaining dietary changes and weight loss over the 12 month intervention period, with no change to exercise. A simple strategy of PGX supplementation may offer an effective solution to long-term weight-loss and then management without the need for other nutrient modification. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR: ACTRN12611000415909. Registered 20 April 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845 WA, Australia
| | - Suleen Ho
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845 WA, Australia
| | | | - Simon Wood
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845 WA, Australia
- Factors Group Research, Burnaby, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Abutair AS, Naser IA, Hamed AT. Soluble fibers from psyllium improve glycemic response and body weight among diabetes type 2 patients (randomized control trial). Nutr J 2016; 15:86. [PMID: 27733151 PMCID: PMC5062871 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water-soluble dietary fibers intake may help control blood glucose and body weight. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether soluble fiber supplementation from psyllium improves glycemic control indicators and body weight in type 2 diabetic patients. METHOD Forty type 2 diabetes patients, non-smoker, aged >35 years were stratified to different strata according to sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood sugar level (FBS) and randomly assigned into two groups; The intervention group which consists of 20 participants was on soluble fiber (10.5 g daily), and the control group which consist of 20 participants continued on their regular diet for eight weeks duration. RESULTS After 8 weeks of intervention, soluble fiber supplementation showed significant reduction in the intervention group in BMI (p < 0.001) when compared with the control group. Moreover, water soluble fiber supplementation proven to improve FBS (163 to 119 mg/dl), HbA1c (8.5 to 7.5 %), insulin level (27.9 to 19.7 μIU/mL), C-peptide (5.8 to 3.8 ng/ml), HOMA.IR (11.3 to 5.8) and HOMA-β % (103 to 141 %). CONCLUSION The reduction in glycemic response was enhanced by combining soluble fiber to the normal diet. Consumption of foods containing moderate amounts of these fibers may improve glucose metabolism and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials PHRC/HC/28/15 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman S. Abutair
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Ihab A. Naser
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Amin T. Hamed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
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Akbarian SA, Asgary S, Feizi A, Iraj B, Askari G. Comparative Study on the Effect of Plantago psyllium and Ocimum basilicum Seeds on Anthropometric Measures in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Patients. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:114. [PMID: 27761216 PMCID: PMC5070040 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.191865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the attribution of fatty liver with some chronic diseases such as obesity, finding a way to control obesity can be useful for the management of fatty liver. This study was performed to assess the effects of Plantago psyllium (PP) and Ocimum basilicum (OB) on anthropometric measurements in people with hepatic steatosis. Methods: All patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were enrolled in this four-arm parallel, randomized, and single blind trial. They randomly assigned into four groups receiving (1) OB 10 g/day; (2) PP 10 g/day; (3) mix of OB and PP 10 g/day; and (4) control group without placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were assessed during study baseline and after 12 weeks intervention. The data were analyzed using paired sample t-test for within group and analysis of covariance for between groups. Results: In within group analysis, weight and body mass index show a significant reduction after 12 weeks intervention. In addition, soft lean mass and lean body mass were decreased in PP and mixed of PP and OB groups significantly; another group (OB) shows the same result for mass body fat. Although in intervention groups, we see considerable reduction, between group changes did not demonstrate the same consequences. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that administration of OB, PP, or mix of them for 12 weeks does not affect any of the anthropometric measures in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab-Aldin Akbarian
- Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bijan Iraj
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Orange pomace fibre increases a composite scoring of subjective ratings of hunger and fullness in healthy adults. Appetite 2016; 107:478-485. [PMID: 27578252 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibre has been shown to increase subjective satiating ratings. However data from human trials has produced mixed results, possibly due to different types of fibre which have diverse physicochemical properties and gastrointestinal transit behaviour. The aim of study 1 was to investigate whether orange juice (OJ) with 5.5 g of added orange pomace fibre (OPF) was as satiating as whole orange (WO, chopped and blended to a puree/liquid) compared with OJ. Study 2 was to evaluate the dose-dependent satiating effect of OPF delivered in an orange-flavoured beverage. Both studies were randomized, controlled, double blind, cross over in design with 4 intervention arms in study 1 including OJ, OPF, WO, and water, and 3 arms in study 2: orange-flavoured beverage with low (2.5 g) and high (5.5 g) dose of OPF (LD-OPF and HD-OPF), and orange-flavoured beverage without fibre (Control). Volunteers were asked to response to 8 questions relating to hunger, fullness, desire to eat, thirst and discomfort by visual analogue scale (VAS) for each question. Differences were detected in least squares mean estimates of composite satiety scores and each individual question with statistical modelling to adjust for differences in baseline scores. Addition of 5.5 g OPF either to OJ or to orange-flavoured beverage significantly increased the composite satiety scores compared with OJ (P < 0.0001) or Control (P < 0.0001), and the effect was comparative to WO. LD-OPF showed some satiating effect (less desire to eat) compared with Control (P = 0.038), though less effective than HD-OPF (P = 0.043). In conclusion, the addition of OPF to OJ was as effective at increasing satiety as WO consumption compared with OJ; and there was a trend of dose-dependent effect of OPF on satiety compared with the control.
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Korczak R, Timm D, Ahnen R, Thomas W, Slavin JL. High Protein Pasta is Not More Satiating than High Fiber Pasta at a Lunch Meal, Nor Does it Decrease Mid-Afternoon Snacking in Healthy Men and Women. J Food Sci 2016; 81:S2240-5. [PMID: 27474885 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study compared satiety after high protein pasta (16 g protein, 6 g fiber), high fiber pasta (11 g protein, 8 g fiber) or control pasta (11 g protein, 6 g fiber) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. Participants were 36 healthy and men and women from the University of Minnesota campus. Fasted men and women ate calorie controlled, but macronutrient different pastas at 12:00 pm along with 500 mL of water. The primary outcome was satiety assessed by Visual Analogue Scales at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min daily after consuming the pastas. Secondary outcomes were calories consumed at an ad libitum snack at 3:00 pm, calories from food intake, gastrointestinal tolerance, and palatability. No differences were found among the pasta treatments for satiety, snacking, or gastrointestinal tolerance. Men ate significantly more calories for the rest of the (P = 0.007) after the high protein pasta versus the high fiber pasta (1701 ± 154 compared with 1083 ± 154) with control pasta being intermediate to the other treatments. No significant differences were found for gastrointestinal tolerance, but the palatability ratings showed the high protein pasta was less tasty (P = 0.03) and less pleasant (P = 0.01) than the other 2 pastas. Satisfaction was positively associated with pleasantness and negatively associated with aftertaste. Our results do not support the idea that high protein or high fiber pasta produces a greater satiety response compared to pasta with lower amounts of either nutrient. It is likely that since pasta is already a very satiating food, the subjects were unable to differentiate between the 3 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Korczak
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Univ. of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, Minn., 55108, U.S.A
| | - Derek Timm
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Univ. of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, Minn., 55108, U.S.A
| | - Rylee Ahnen
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Univ. of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, Minn., 55108, U.S.A
| | - William Thomas
- Div. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Univ. of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minn., 55455, U.S.A
| | - Joanne L Slavin
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Univ. of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, Minn., 55108, U.S.A.
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Safety and efficacy of coffee enriched with inulin and dextrin on satiety and hunger in normal volunteers. Nutrition 2016; 32:754-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Leidy HJ, Gwin JA, Roenfeldt CA, Zino AZ, Shafer RS. Evaluating the Intervention-Based Evidence Surrounding the Causal Role of Breakfast on Markers of Weight Management, with Specific Focus on Breakfast Composition and Size. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:563S-75S. [PMID: 27184285 PMCID: PMC4863262 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional strategies are vitally needed to aid in the management of obesity. Cross-sectional and epidemiologic studies consistently demonstrate that breakfast consumption is strongly associated with a healthy body weight. However, the intervention-based long-term evidence supporting a causal role of breakfast consumption is quite limited and appears to be influenced by several key dietary factors, such as dietary protein, fiber, and energy content. This article provides a comprehensive review of the intervention-based literature that examines the effects of breakfast consumption on markers of weight management and daily food intake. In addition, specific focus on the composition and size (i.e., energy content) of the breakfast meal is included. Overall, there is limited evidence supporting (or refuting) the daily consumption of breakfast for body weight management and daily food intake. In terms of whether the type of breakfast influences these outcomes, there is accumulating evidence supporting the consumption of increased dietary protein and fiber content at breakfast, as well as the consumption of more energy during the morning hours. However, the majority of the studies that manipulated breakfast composition and content did not control for habitual breakfast behaviors, nor did these studies include a breakfast-skipping control arm. Thus, it is unclear whether the addition of these types of breakfast plays a causal role in weight management. Future research, including large randomized controlled trials of longer-term (i.e., ≥6 mo) duration with a focus on key dietary factors, is critical to begin to assess whether breakfast recommendations are appropriate for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Breakfast Protein Source Does Not Influence Postprandial Appetite Response and Food Intake in Normal Weight and Overweight Young Women. J Nutr Metab 2016; 2016:6265789. [PMID: 26885386 PMCID: PMC4739264 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6265789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfasts higher in protein lead to a greater reduction in hunger compared to breakfasts higher in carbohydrate. However, few studies have examined the impact of higher protein breakfasts with differing protein sources. Our objective was to determine if protein source (animal protein (AP) versus plant protein (PP)) influences postprandial metabolic response in participants consuming a high protein breakfast (~30% energy from protein). Normal weight (NW; n = 12) and overweight women (OW; n = 8) aging 18–36 were recruited to participate. Participants completed two visits in a randomized, cross-over design with one week between visits. Subjects had 15 minutes to consume each breakfast. Blood glucose and appetite were assessed at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes postprandial. Participants kept a 24-hour dietary record for the duration of each test day. No difference was found between NW and OW participants or breakfasts for postprandial appetite responses. AP had a significantly lower glucose response at 30 minutes compared with PP (−11.6%; 127 ± 4 versus 112 ± 4 mg/dL; P < 0.05) and a slower return to baseline. There was no difference in daily energy intake between breakfasts. These data suggest that protein source may influence postprandial glucose response without significantly impacting appetite response in breakfast consumers.
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Stamataki NS, Yanni AE, Karathanos VT. Non-cereal ingredients for the attenuation of glycaemic response to bread: a review of the clinical evidence. Food Funct 2016; 7:2926-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00440g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enrichment of bread with non-cereal ingredients could favourably influence postprandial glucose response to bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta S. Stamataki
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Harokopio University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Harokopio University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Harokopio University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
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Gibb RD, McRorie JW, Russell DA, Hasselblad V, D'Alessio DA. Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1604-14. [PMID: 26561625 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of health benefits are associated with intake of soluble, viscous, gel-forming fibers, including reduced serum cholesterol and the attenuation of postprandial glucose excursions. OBJECTIVE We assess the effects of psyllium, which is a soluble, gel-forming, nonfermented fiber supplement, on glycemic control in patients who were being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in patients who were at risk of developing T2DM. DESIGN A comprehensive search was performed of available published literature (Scopus scientific database) and clinical records stored by Procter & Gamble with the use of key search terms to identify clinical studies that assessed the glycemic effects of psyllium in nondiabetic, pre-T2DM, and T2DM patients. RESULTS We identified 35 randomized, controlled, clinical studies that spanned 3 decades and 3 continents. These data were assessed in 8 meta-analyses. In patients with T2DM, multiweek studies (psyllium dosed before meals) showed significant improvement in both the fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration (-37.0 mg/dL; P < 0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [-0.97% (-10.6 mmol/mol); P = 0.048]. Glycemic effects were proportional to baseline FBG; no significant glucose lowering was observed in euglycemic subjects, a modest improvement was observed in subjects with pre-T2DM, and the greatest improvement was observed in subjects who were being treated for T2DM. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that psyllium would be an effective addition to a lifestyle-intervention program. The degree of psyllium's glycemic benefit was commensurate with the loss of glycemic control. Because the greatest effect was seen in patients who were being treated for T2DM, additional studies are needed to determine how best to incorporate psyllium into existing prevention and treatment algorithms with concomitant hypoglycemic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David A D'Alessio
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Briganti S, Ermetici F, Malavazos AE, Dozio E, Giubbilini P, Rigolini R, Goggi S, Morricone L, Corsi Romanelli MM. Effect of an isocaloric diet containing fiber-enriched flour on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in healthy non-obese non-diabetic subjects. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:217-22. [PMID: 26566307 PMCID: PMC4639584 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of soluble fiber-enriched products on anthropometric and biochemical variables in 30 healthy non-obese, non-diabetic subjects. This was a randomized, controlled crossover, single-blind, dietary intervention study performed for 8 weeks. Subjects received an isocaloric diet with fiber-enriched products for the first 4 weeks and with regular flour products for the following 4 weeks, or vice versa. Weight, height, measures of fat distribution (waist, hip circumference), glucose, insulin and triglycerides were measured at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention. BMI and insulin sensitivity indices were calculated. Weight and BMI decreased in the first period of isocaloric diet in both groups, regardless of the type of flour consumed (weight p<0.01, p<0.001 respectively; BMI p = 0.01, p<0.001 respectively). At the end of the 8 weeks, weight and BMI further decreased in the group consuming the fiber-enriched diet (p<0.01). Insulin resistance, estimated with the Homeostasis Model Assessment index and the Lipid Accumulation Product index, improved in all subjects after the fiber-enriched flour diet (p = 0.03, p = 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, an isocaloric diet supplemented with fiber-enriched products may improve measures of fatness and insulin sensitivity in healthy non-obese non-diabetic subjects. We might hypothesize a similar effect also in subjects with metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Briganti
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, P.za E. Malan 2, 20096, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ermetici
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, P.za E. Malan 2, 20096, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexis E Malavazos
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, P.za E. Malan 2, 20096, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Chair of Clinical Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giubbilini
- Service of Laboratory Medicine 1-Clinical Pathology, Department of Health Services of Diagnosis and Treatment-Laboratory Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, P.za E. Malan 2, 20096, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Rigolini
- Service of Laboratory Medicine 1-Clinical Pathology, Department of Health Services of Diagnosis and Treatment-Laboratory Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, P.za E. Malan 2, 20096, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Goggi
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, P.za E. Malan 2, 20096, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Lelio Morricone
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, P.za E. Malan 2, 20096, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Chair of Clinical Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ; Service of Laboratory Medicine 1-Clinical Pathology, Department of Health Services of Diagnosis and Treatment-Laboratory Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, P.za E. Malan 2, 20096, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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Chater PI, Wilcox MD, Pearson JP, Brownlee IA. The impact of dietary fibres on the physiological processes governing small intestinal digestive processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ingerslev AK, Karaman I, Bağcıoğlu M, Kohler A, Theil PK, Bach Knudsen KE, Hedemann MS. Whole Grain Consumption Increases Gastrointestinal Content of Sulfate-Conjugated Oxylipins in Pigs − A Multicompartmental Metabolomics Study. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3095-110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Krog Ingerslev
- Department
of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box
50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- Department
of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom
| | - Murat Bağcıoğlu
- Department
of Mathematical Sciences and Technology (IMT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Department
of Mathematical Sciences and Technology (IMT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway
- Nofima
AS, Osloveien 1, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Peter Kappel Theil
- Department
of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box
50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Knud Erik Bach Knudsen
- Department
of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box
50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Skou Hedemann
- Department
of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box
50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Giuntini EB, Dan MCT, Lui MCY, Lajolo FM, Menezes EW. Positive impact of a functional ingredient on hunger and satiety after ingestion of two meals with different characteristics. Food Res Int 2015; 76:395-401. [PMID: 28455019 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of unavailable carbohydrates - functional ingredients - has presented an inverse relationship with the risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of addition of inulin to two ready-to-eat frozen meals on the release of gastrointestinal hormones and other parameters related to hunger and satiety. Prototypes of two different kinds of frozen meals were elaborated by the food industry: control meal (C1 and C2); and test meals, added inulin (T1 and T2). Three sequential clinical assays were performed with healthy volunteers: 1) evaluation of glycemic response (n=16); 2) evaluation of gastrointestinal hormones related to satiety (n=15); and 3) evaluation of satiety (by Visual Analogue Scale - VAS and energy intake) (n=52). The meals showed low glycemic index and glycemic load, and T1 showed a decreased glycemic response peak compared to C1. The addition of inulin (~8g) to the test meals (lunch) provided significant satiety, resulting in an decrease in energy intake of 419 (group 1) and 586kJ (group 2) in the two subsequent meals (after 180min and 360min) and a decrease in hunger and increase in satiety at 120 and 180min when comparing with control meals. A positive post-prandial variation was observed in the plasmatic levels of ghrelin and insulin in relation to the control meal (hormones related to hunger in high levels), after the intake of both two test meals. Inulin is an ingredient that presents several positive characteristics for the elaboration of products that stimulate healthy eating habits. These effects are currently being evaluated in medium-term trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Giuntini
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milana C T Dan
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Franco M Lajolo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabete W Menezes
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Leidy HJ, Clifton PM, Astrup A, Wycherley TP, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Woods SC, Mattes RD. The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:1320S-1329S. [PMID: 25926512 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.084038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 y, higher-protein diets have been touted as a successful strategy to prevent or treat obesity through improvements in body weight management. These improvements are thought to be due, in part, to modulations in energy metabolism, appetite, and energy intake. Recent evidence also supports higher-protein diets for improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors. This article provides an overview of the literature that explores the mechanisms of action after acute protein consumption and the clinical health outcomes after consumption of long-term, higher-protein diets. Several meta-analyses of shorter-term, tightly controlled feeding studies showed greater weight loss, fat mass loss, and preservation of lean mass after higher-protein energy-restriction diets than after lower-protein energy-restriction diets. Reductions in triglycerides, blood pressure, and waist circumference were also reported. In addition, a review of the acute feeding trials confirms a modest satiety effect, including greater perceived fullness and elevated satiety hormones after higher-protein meals but does not support an effect on energy intake at the next eating occasion. Although shorter-term, tightly controlled feeding studies consistently identified benefits with increased protein consumption, longer-term studies produced limited and conflicting findings; nevertheless, a recent meta-analysis showed persistent benefits of a higher-protein weight-loss diet on body weight and fat mass. Dietary compliance appears to be the primary contributor to the discrepant findings because improvements in weight management were detected in those who adhered to the prescribed higher-protein regimen, whereas those who did not adhere to the diet had no marked improvements. Collectively, these data suggest that higher-protein diets that contain between 1.2 and 1.6 g protein · kg-1 · d-1 and potentially include meal-specific protein quantities of at least ∼25-30 g protein/meal provide improvements in appetite, body weight management, cardiometabolic risk factors, or all of these health outcomes; however, further strategies to increase dietary compliance with long-term dietary interventions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Leidy
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia, MO (HJL); the Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (PMC) and School of Population Health (TPW), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (AA); the Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (MSW-P); the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions, and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M and PMC); Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience; UC College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (SCW); and the Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (RDM)
| | - Peter M Clifton
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia, MO (HJL); the Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (PMC) and School of Population Health (TPW), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (AA); the Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (MSW-P); the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions, and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M and PMC); Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience; UC College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (SCW); and the Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (RDM)
| | - Arne Astrup
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia, MO (HJL); the Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (PMC) and School of Population Health (TPW), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (AA); the Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (MSW-P); the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions, and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M and PMC); Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience; UC College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (SCW); and the Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (RDM)
| | - Thomas P Wycherley
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia, MO (HJL); the Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (PMC) and School of Population Health (TPW), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (AA); the Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (MSW-P); the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions, and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M and PMC); Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience; UC College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (SCW); and the Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (RDM)
| | - Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia, MO (HJL); the Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (PMC) and School of Population Health (TPW), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (AA); the Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (MSW-P); the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions, and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M and PMC); Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience; UC College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (SCW); and the Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (RDM)
| | - Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia, MO (HJL); the Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (PMC) and School of Population Health (TPW), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (AA); the Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (MSW-P); the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions, and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M and PMC); Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience; UC College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (SCW); and the Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (RDM)
| | - Stephen C Woods
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia, MO (HJL); the Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (PMC) and School of Population Health (TPW), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (AA); the Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (MSW-P); the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions, and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M and PMC); Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience; UC College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (SCW); and the Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (RDM)
| | - Richard D Mattes
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia, MO (HJL); the Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (PMC) and School of Population Health (TPW), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (AA); the Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (MSW-P); the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions, and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M and PMC); Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia (NDL-M); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience; UC College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (SCW); and the Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (RDM)
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Douglas SM, Lasley TR, Leidy HJ. Consuming Beef vs. Soy Protein Has Little Effect on Appetite, Satiety, and Food Intake in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:1010-6. [PMID: 25809680 PMCID: PMC7289332 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.206987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although protein-rich plant foods have recently been touted as an equivalent to animal products, limited data exist regarding the effects of animal vs. plant proteins on appetite, satiety, and subsequent food intake. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether a high-protein beef lunch alters the appetitive, hormonal, and neural signals controlling food intake regulation vs. a macronutrient and fiber-matched (MF) or serving size-matched (SS) soy lunch in healthy adults. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, crossover design study was completed in 21 adults (aged 23 ± 1 y; body mass index: 23.8 ± 0.6 kg/m²; mean ± SEM) to compare 400-kcal MF and SS lunches varying in protein quality. The MF lunches contained 24-g beef protein or 24-g soy protein, whereas the SS lunches contained 1 serving of beef (24-g protein/1-g fiber) or soy (14-g protein/5-g fiber). Pre- and postlunch appetite questionnaires and blood sampling were completed over an 8-h period until dinner was voluntarily requested. In addition, pre- and postlunch functional MRI brain scans were completed to assess neural activation in response to food stimuli. RESULTS On average, dinner was requested at ∼250 ± 20 min postlunch with no differences between beef vs. soy within the MF and SS conditions. Furthermore, no differences in hunger, fullness, peptide YY, or glucagon-like peptide-1 responses were observed after the beef vs. soy lunches within the MF and SS conditions. The SS beef meal led to reductions in anterior cingulate activation (-22 ± 6%) vs. soy (+7 ± 9%; P < 0.01) and greater reductions in insular activation (-30 ± 6%) vs. SS soy (-7 ± 10%; P < 0.01). The participants consumed ∼945 ± 78 kcal after the MF meals and 910 ± 74 kcal after the SS meals with no differences between beef vs. soy. CONCLUSIONS When comparing 2 high-quality protein sources, such as beef and soy, the type of protein consumed within a mixed meal elicited very little effect on appetite, satiety, and food intake in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve M Douglas
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Tyler R Lasley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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50
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