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Fung WH, van Lingen MR, Broos JY, Lam KH, van Dam M, Fung WK, Noteboom S, Koubiyr I, de Vries HE, Jasperse B, Teunissen CE, Giera M, Killestein J, Hulst HE, Strijbis EMM, Schoonheim MM, Kooij G. 9-HODE associates with thalamic atrophy and predicts white matter damage in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 92:105946. [PMID: 39447246 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by extensive tissue damage leading to a range of complex symptoms, including physical disability and cognitive dysfunction. Recent work has indicated the clinical relevance of bioactive lipid mediators (LMs), which are known to orchestrate inflammation and its resolution and are deregulated in MS. However, it is unknown whether LM profiles relate to white matter (WM) damage. OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential association between plasma-derived LMs and MRI-quantified WM damage using fractional anisotropy (FA) and grey matter (GM) atrophy in dimethyl fumarate-treated relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients. METHODS Severity of FA-based WM damage and GM atrophy was determined in RRMS patients (n = 28) compared to age- and sex-matched controls (n = 31) at treatment initiation (baseline) and after 6 months. Plasma LMs were assessed using HPLC-MS/MS and baseline LMs were correlated to changes in FA and brain volumes. RESULTS We observed significant WM damage in RRMS patients (mean age 41.4 [SD 9.1]) at baseline and follow-up (z-score=-0.33 and 0.31, respectively) compared to controls (mean age 41.9 [SD 9.5]; p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Patients with severe WM damage showed a decline of thalamic volume (p = 0.02), and this decline correlated (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) with lower baseline levels of 9-HODE. This LM also predicted FA worsening (beta = 0.14, p < 0.001) over time at 6 months. CONCLUSION Despite the relatively small sample size, lower baseline levels of the LM 9-HODE correlated with more thalamic atrophy and predicted subsequent worsening of WM damage in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Hee Fung
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marike R van Lingen
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Y Broos
- MS Center Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ka-Hoo Lam
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maureen van Dam
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wing Ka Fung
- MS Center Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samantha Noteboom
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ismail Koubiyr
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- MS Center Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Jasperse
- MS Center Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Department of Medical, Health and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke E Hulst
- Department of Medical, Health and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- MS Center Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Auñon-Lopez A, Alberdi-Cedeño J, Pignitter M, Castejón N. Microalgae as a New Source of Oxylipins: A Comprehensive LC-MS-Based Analysis Using Conventional and Green Extraction Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16749-16760. [PMID: 39016675 PMCID: PMC11299188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising sources of essential lipids, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6 PUFA) and novel lipid metabolites like oxylipins. However, limited data exist on the oxylipin profile, its characterization, and the potential impact of the extraction process on these metabolites in microalgae. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the fatty acid and oxylipin profile of four microalgal species of interest (Microchloropsis gaditana, Tisochrysis lutea, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Porphyridium cruentum) while also examining the impact of the extraction method, with a focus on developing a greener process using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and ethanol. The UAE method showed similar oxylipin profiles, generally yielding concentrations comparable to those of the conventional Folch method. In total, 68 oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFA were detected, with the highest concentrations of n-3 oxylipins found in P. tricornutum and T. lutea and of n-6 oxylipins in P. cruentum. This study provides the most extensive oxylipin characterization of these microalgae species to date, offering insights into alternative extraction methods and opening new avenues for further investigation of the significance of oxylipins in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Auñon-Lopez
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jon Alberdi-Cedeño
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Alava), Spain
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Castejón
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Takić M, Ranković S, Girek Z, Pavlović S, Jovanović P, Jovanović V, Šarac I. Current Insights into the Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Focusing on Alterations of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4909. [PMID: 38732139 PMCID: PMC11084241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential n-3 acid highly susceptible to oxidation, present in oils of flaxseeds, walnuts, canola, perilla, soy, and chia. After ingestion, it can be incorporated in to body lipid pools (particularly triglycerides and phospholipid membranes), and then endogenously metabolized through desaturation, elongation, and peroxisome oxidation to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with a very limited efficiency (particularly for DHA), beta-oxidized as an energy source, or directly metabolized to C18-oxilipins. At this moment, data in the literature about the effects of ALA supplementation on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in humans are inconsistent, indicating no effects or some positive effects on all MetS components (abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired insulin sensitivity and glucoregulation, blood pressure, and liver steatosis). The major effects of ALA on MetS seem to be through its conversion to more potent EPA and DHA, the impact on the n-3/n-6 ratio, and the consecutive effects on the formation of oxylipins and endocannabinoids, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion, as well as adipocyte and hepatocytes function. It is important to distinguish the direct effects of ALA from the effects of EPA and DHA metabolites. This review summarizes the most recent findings on this topic and discusses the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
| | - Slavica Ranković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
| | - Zdenka Girek
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
| | - Suzana Pavlović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
| | - Petar Jovanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Jovanović
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
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Cambiaggi L, Chakravarty A, Noureddine N, Hersberger M. The Role of α-Linolenic Acid and Its Oxylipins in Human Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076110. [PMID: 37047085 PMCID: PMC10093787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
α-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential C-18 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which can be elongated to longer n-3 PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These long-chain n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects either directly or through their oxylipin metabolites. However, there is evidence that the conversion of ALA to the long-chain PUFAs is limited. On the other hand, there is evidence in humans that supplementation of ALA in the diet is associated with an improved lipid profile, a reduction in the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) and a reduction in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and all-cause mortality. Studies investigating the cellular mechanism for these beneficial effects showed that ALA is metabolized to oxylipins through the Lipoxygenase (LOX), the Cyclooxygenase (COX) and the Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathways, leading to hydroperoxy-, epoxy-, mono- and dihydroxylated oxylipins. In several mouse and cell models, it has been shown that ALA and some of its oxylipins, including 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acids (9-HOTrE and 13-HOTrE), have immunomodulating effects. Taken together, the current literature suggests a beneficial role for diets rich in ALA in human CVDs, however, it is not always clear whether the described effects are attributable to ALA, its oxylipins or other substances present in the supplemented diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cambiaggi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Akash Chakravarty
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Quaranta A, Revol-Cavalier J, Wheelock CE. The octadecanoids: an emerging class of lipid mediators. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1569-1582. [PMID: 36454542 PMCID: PMC9788390 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolites of mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids that encompass potent lipid mediators including the eicosanoids and docosanoids. Previously considered of low interest and often dismissed as 'just fat', octadecanoid oxylipins have only recently begun to be recognized as lipid mediators in humans. In the last few years, these compounds have been found to be involved in the mediation of multiple biological processes related to nociception, tissue modulation, cell proliferation, metabolic regulation, inflammation, and immune regulation. At the same time, the study of octadecanoids is hampered by a lack of standardization in the field, a paucity of analytical standards, and a lack of domain expertise. These issues have collectively limited the investigation of the biosynthesis and bioactivity of octadecanoids. Here, we present an overview of the primary enzymatic pathways for the oxidative metabolism of 18-carbon fatty acids in humans and of the current knowledge of the major biological activity of the resulting octadecanoids. We also propose a systematic nomenclature system based upon that used for the eicosanoids in order to avoid ambiguities and resolve multiple designations for the same octadecanoid. The aim of this review is to provide an initial framework for the field and to assist in its standardization as well as to increase awareness of this class of compounds in order to stimulate research into this interesting group of lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Quaranta
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Revol-Cavalier
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Larodan Research Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Monirujjaman M, Bathe OF, Mazurak VC. Dietary EPA+DHA Mitigate Hepatic Toxicity and Modify the Oxylipin Profile in an Animal Model of Colorectal Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225703. [PMID: 36428795 PMCID: PMC9688617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are commonly used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer, but chemotherapy-associated steatosis/steatohepatitis (CASSH) frequently accompanies their use. The objective of this study was to determine effect of CPT-11+5-FU on liver toxicity, liver oxylipins, and cytokines, and to explore whether these alterations could be modified by dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of fish oil (EPA+DHA). Tumor-bearing animals were administered CPT-11+5-FU and maintained on a control diet or a diet containing EPA+DHA (2.3 g/100 g). Livers were collected one week after chemotherapy for the analysis of oxylipins, cytokines, and markers of liver pathology (oxidized glutathione, GSSH; 4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE, and type-I collagen fiber). Dietary EPA+DHA prevented the chemotherapy-induced increases in liver GSSH (p < 0.011) and 4-HNE (p < 0.006). Compared with the tumor-bearing animals, ten oxylipins were altered (three/ten n-6 oxylipins were elevated while seven/ten n-3 oxylipins were reduced) following chemotherapy. Reductions in the n-3 fatty-acid-derived oxylipins that were evident following chemotherapy were restored by dietary EPA+DHA. Liver TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were elevated (p < 0.05) following chemotherapy; dietary EPA+DHA reduced IL-6 (p = 0.09) and eotaxin (p = 0.007) levels. Chemotherapy-induced liver injury results in distinct alterations in oxylipins and cytokines, and dietary EPA+DHA attenuates these pathophysiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirujjaman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Oliver F. Bathe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vera C. Mazurak
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-8048
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Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Li X, Shi D, Ma T, Zhou R, Zhang C. Association of dietary n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk: Serial mediating roles of erythrocyte n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Front Nutr 2022; 9:990755. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.990755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDietary n– 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk; however, the underlying pathways between them remain uncertain. We aimed to explore serial mediatory roles of erythrocyte n– 3 PUFAs in association between dietary n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk.Materials and methodsUsing a case-control study, 850 cases and 861 controls completed structured questionnaires with dietary information. Erythrocyte n– 3 PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models to examine association between dietary n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk. Mediation analyses with bootstrapping were conducted to investigate indirect effects.ResultsHigher intake of dietary ALA, long-chain n– 3 PUFAs and total n– 3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer. The adjusted ORtertile 3 v.1 (95% CI) was 0.70 (0.55, 0.90) for ALA, 0.76 (0.60, 0.97) for long-chain n– 3 PUFAs and 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) for total n– 3 PUFAs, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs served as sequential mediators in the relationship between dietary long-chain or total n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk. In particular, erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs completely mediated the association between dietary long-chain n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk [indirect effect (95% CI) = –0.982 (–1.529, –0.508)]. The relationship between dietary total n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk was partly mediated by erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs [indirect effect (95% CI) = –0.107 (–0.216, –0.014)], accounting for 19.31%. However, the serial mediation model in dietary ALA and risk of breast cancer was not statistically significant [indirect effect (95% CI) = –0.042 (–0.144, 0.049)].ConclusionThis study highlights the complexity and inaccuracy in using a simple analysis of individual dietary n– 3 PUFAs to examine their associations with breast cancer risk without considering the variety of metabolic processes. Interventions aimed at increasing erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs may represent a promising strategy for breast cancer prevention.
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Simard M, Morin S, Ridha Z, Pouliot R. Current knowledge of the implication of lipid mediators in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961107. [PMID: 36091036 PMCID: PMC9459139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an organ involved in several biological processes essential to the proper functioning of the organism. One of these essential biological functions of the skin is its barrier function, mediated notably by the lipids of the stratum corneum, and which prevents both penetration from external aggression, and transepidermal water loss. Bioactive lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) constitute a complex bioactive lipid network greatly involved in skin homeostasis. Bioactive lipid mediators derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs have well-documented anti- and pro-inflammatory properties and are recognized as playing numerous and complex roles in the behavior of diverse skin diseases, including psoriasis. Psoriasis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease with many comorbidities and is associated with enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Studies have shown that a high intake of n-3 PUFAs can influence the development and progression of psoriasis, mainly by reducing the severity and frequency of psoriatic plaques. Herein, we provide an overview of the differential effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFA lipid mediators, including prostanoids, hydroxy-fatty acids, leukotrienes, specialized pro-resolving mediators, N-acylethanolamines, monoacylglycerols and endocannabinoids. This review summarizes current findings on lipid mediators playing a role in the skin and their potential as therapeutic targets for psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Zainab Ridha
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Roxane Pouliot,
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Caligiuri SPB, Pierce GN, Ravandi A, Aukema HM. The Plasma Oxylipidome Links Smoking Status to Peripheral Artery Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070627. [PMID: 35888750 PMCID: PMC9317423 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is prevalent among individuals with a history of tobacco smoking. Although oxidation of lipids may contribute to atherogenesis in vascular disease, enzymatically and nonenzymatically produced oxidized lipids can have varying and contrasting physiological effects. The underlying mechanisms of atherogenic vulnerability can be better elucidated with the recent advances in oxylipidome quantification using HPLC-MS/MS technology. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, the plasma oxylipidome was analyzed in participants living with PAD by smoking status (n = 98) and in nonsmoking comparators without chronic disease (n = 20). Individuals with PAD had approximately a four-fold higher level of total plasma oxylipins versus the comparator. Cessation of smoking in individuals with PAD was associated with significantly lower levels of linoleic acid-derived TriHOMEs, greater levels of omega-3 fatty acid-derived oxylipins, and greater levels of nonfragmented oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs). Individuals living with PAD but without a history of smoking, exhibited higher levels of the putative atherogenic fragmented OxPCs versus individuals who currently or previously smoked. These data implicate the plasma oxylipidome in PAD and that smoking cessation is associated with a less inflammatory profile. Furthermore, fragmented OxPCs may play a more significant role in the pathophysiology of PAD in individuals without a history of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. B. Caligiuri
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (G.N.P.); (H.M.A.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z2, Canada
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (G.N.P.); (H.M.A.)
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
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10
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Wu Y, Green CL, Wang G, Yang D, Li L, Li B, Wang L, Li M, Li J, Xu Y, Zhang X, Niu C, Hu S, Togo J, Mazidi M, Derous D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. Effects of dietary macronutrients on the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolome in mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13585. [PMID: 35266264 PMCID: PMC9009132 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary macronutrient composition influences both hepatic function and aging. Previous work suggested that longevity and hepatic gene expression levels were highly responsive to dietary protein, but almost unaffected by other macronutrients. In contrast, we found expression of 4005, 4232, and 4292 genes in the livers of mice were significantly associated with changes in dietary protein (5%–30%), fat (20%–60%), and carbohydrate (10%–75%), respectively. More genes in aging‐related pathways (notably mTOR, IGF‐1, and NF‐kappaB) had significant correlations with dietary fat intake than protein and carbohydrate intake, and the pattern of gene expression changes in relation to dietary fat intake was in the opposite direction to the effect of graded levels of caloric restriction consistent with dietary fat having a negative impact on aging. We found 732, 808, and 995 serum metabolites were significantly correlated with dietary protein (5%–30%), fat (8.3%–80%), and carbohydrate (10%–80%) contents, respectively. Metabolomics pathway analysis revealed sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling was the significantly affected pathway by dietary fat content which has also been identified as significant changed metabolic pathway in the previous caloric restriction study. Our results suggest dietary fat has major impact on aging‐related gene and metabolic pathways compared with other macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Cara L. Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Dengbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Li
- University of Dali Dali Yunnan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
| | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - John R. Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Kunming People’s Republic of China
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11
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Liput KP, Lepczyński A, Ogłuszka M, Nawrocka A, Poławska E, Grzesiak A, Ślaska B, Pareek CS, Czarnik U, Pierzchała M. Effects of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Cancerogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6965. [PMID: 34203461 PMCID: PMC8268933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary recommendation encourages reducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) in diet and replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) to decrease the risk of metabolic disturbances. Consequently, excessive n-6 PUFAs content and high n-6/n-3 ratio are found in Western-type diet. The importance of a dietary n-6/n-3 ratio to prevent chronic diseases is linked with anti-inflammatory functions of linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and longer-chain n-3 PUFAs. Thus, this review provides an overview of the role of oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs and oxylipins formed from n-6 PUFAs on inflammation. Evidence of PUFAs' role in carcinogenesis was also discussed. In vitro studies, animal cancer models and epidemiological studies demonstrate that these two PUFA groups have different effects on the cell growth, proliferation and progression of neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila P. Liput
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Magdalena Ogłuszka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Nawrocka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Ewa Poławska
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Grzesiak
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Chandra S. Pareek
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. J. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Czarnik
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bio-Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
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12
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Duan J, Song Y, Zhang X, Wang C. Effect of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids-Derived Bioactive Lipids on Metabolic Disorders. Front Physiol 2021; 12:646491. [PMID: 34113260 PMCID: PMC8185290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.646491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an important ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) are three well-known ω-3 PUFAs. These fatty acids can be metabolized into a number of bioactive lipids. Eicosanoids derived from ARA have drawn great attention because of their important and complex biofunctions. Although EPA, DHA and n-3 DPA have also shown powerful biofunctions, we have fewer studies of metabolites derived from them than those from ARA. Recently, growing research has focused on the bioaction of ω-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, which indicates their great potential for treating metabolic disorders. Most of the functional studies of these bioactive lipids focused on their anti-inflammatory effects. However, several studies elucidated their direct effects on pancreatic β cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and endothelial cells. These researches revealed the importance of studying the functions of metabolites derived from ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids other than themselves. The current review summarizes research into the effects of ω-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins on metabolic disorders, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adipose tissue dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Duan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yayue Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Predictors of oxylipins in a healthy pediatric population. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1530-1540. [PMID: 32726799 PMCID: PMC7855434 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxylipins are formed from oxidation of omega-6 (n6) and omega-3 (n3) fatty acids (FAs). Evidence for inflammatory effects comes mostly from adults. METHODS Oxylipins from n6 FA (27 n6-oxylipins) and n3 FA (12 n3-oxylipins) were measured through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in plasma from 111 children at risk of type 1 diabetes (age 1-17 years) studied longitudinally. Oxylipin precursor FAs (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid) were measured in red blood cell (RBC) membrane and plasma. Precursor FAs dietary intake was measured through food frequency questionnaire and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) through questionnaires. Linear mixed models were used to test oxylipins with predictors. RESULTS Age associated with 15 n6- and 6 n3-oxylipins; race/ethnicity associated with 3 n6- and 1 n3-oxylipins; sex associated with 2 n6-oxylipins. ETS associated with lipoxin-A4. Oxylipins associated with precursor FAs in plasma more often than RBC. RBC levels and dietary intake of precursor FAs more consistently associated with n3-oxylipins than with n6-oxylipins. CONCLUSIONS In healthy children, oxylipin levels change with age. Oxylipins associated with precursor FAs more often in plasma than RBC or diet, suggesting that inflammatory regulation leading to FA release into plasma may also be a determinant of oxylipin generation. IMPACT This is the first study to examine predictors of oxylipins in healthy children at risk of type 1 diabetes. In healthy children at risk of type 1 diabetes, many oxylipins change with age, and most oxylipins do not differ by sex or race/ethnicity. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was associated with the presence of lipoxin A4. Omega-6- and omega-3-related oxylipin levels were consistently associated with their respective precursor fatty acid levels measured in the plasma. Proportionally more omega-3 compared to omega-6 oxylipins were associated with dietary intake and red blood cell membrane levels of the respective precursor fatty acid.
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14
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Inflammation in Dry Eye Syndrome: Identification and Targeting of Oxylipin-Mediated Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090344. [PMID: 32932827 PMCID: PMC7555241 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is characterized by decreased tear production and stability, leading to desiccating stress, inflammation and corneal damage. DES treatment may involve targeting the contributing inflammatory pathways mediated by polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives, oxylipins. Here, using an animal model of general anesthesia-induced DES, we addressed these pathways by characterizing inflammatory changes in tear lipidome, in correlation with pathophysiological and biochemical signs of the disease. The decline in tear production was associated with the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the corneal stroma, which manifested one to three days after anesthesia, accompanied by changes in tear antioxidants and cytokines, resulting in persistent damage to the corneal epithelium. The inflammatory response manifested in the tear fluid as a short-term increase in linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid-derived oxylipins, followed by elevation in arachidonic acid and its derivatives, leukotriene B4 (5-lipoxigenase product), 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-lipoxigeanse product) and prostaglandins, D2, E2 and F2α (cyclooxygenase products) that was observed for up to 7 days. Given these data, DES was treated by a novel ophthalmic formulation containing a dimethyl sulfoxide-based solution of zileuton, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxigenase and arachidonic acid release. The therapy markedly improved the corneal state in DES by attenuating cytokine- and oxylipin-mediated inflammatory responses, without affecting tear production rates. Interestingly, the high efficacy of the proposed therapy resulted from the synergetic action of its components, namely, the general healing activity of dimethyl sulfoxide, suppressing prostaglandins and the more specific effect of zileuton, downregulating leukotriene B4 (inhibition of T-cell recruitment), as well as upregulating docosahexaenoic acid (activation of resolution pathways).
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15
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Dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA alter the free oxylipin profile differently in male and female rat hearts. Br J Nutr 2020; 122:252-261. [PMID: 31405389 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are bioactive lipid mediators synthesised from PUFA. The most well-known oxylipins are the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA), and many of them influence cardiac physiology in health and disease. Oxylipins are also formed from other n-3 and n-6 PUFA such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, DHA and linoleic acid (LA), but fundamental data on the heart oxylipin profile, and the effect of diet and sex on this profile, are lacking. Therefore, weanling female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were given American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G-based diets modified in oil composition to provide higher levels of ALA, EPA, DHA, LA and LA + ALA, compared with control diets. After 6 weeks, free oxylipins in rat hearts were increased primarily by their precursor PUFA, except for EPA oxylipins, which were increased not only by dietary EPA but also by dietary ALA or DHA. Dietary DHA had a greater effect than ALA or EPA on reducing ARA oxylipins. An exception to the dietary n-3 PUFA-lowering effects on ARA oxylipins was observed for several ARA-derived PG metabolites that were higher in rats given EPA diets. Higher dietary LA increased LA oxylipins, but it had no effect on ARA oxylipins. Overall, heart oxylipins were higher in female rats, but this depended on dietary treatment: the female oxylipin:male oxylipin ratio was higher in rats provided the ALA compared with the DHA diet, with other diet groups having ratios in between. In conclusion, individual PUFA and sex have unique and interactive effects on the rat heart free oxylipin profile.
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16
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Liu X, Zhang M, Cheng X, Liu X, Sun H, Guo Z, Li J, Tang X, Wang Z, Sun W, Zhang Y, Ji Z. LC-MS-Based Plasma Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analyses for Differential Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:717. [PMID: 32500026 PMCID: PMC7243740 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) and Renal cell carcinoma(RCC) are the two most frequent genitourinary cancers in China. In this study, a comprehensive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based method, which utilizes both plasma metabolomics and lipidomics platform, has been carried out to discriminate the global plasma profiles of 64 patients with BC, 74 patients with RCC, and 141 healthy controls. Apparent separation was observed between cancer (BC and RCC) plasma samples and controls. The area under the receiving operator characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.985 and 0.993 by plasma metabolomics and lipidomics, respectively (external validation group: AUC was 0.944 and 0.976, respectively). Combined plasma metabolomics and lipidomics showed good predictive ability with an AUC of 1 (external validation group: AUC = 0.99). Then, separation was observed between the BC and RCC samples. The AUC was 0.862, 0.853 and 0.939, respectively, by plasma metabolomics, lipidomics and combined metabolomics and lipidomics (external validation group: AUC was 0.802, 0.898, and 0.942, respectively). Furthermore, we also found eight metabolites that showed good predictive ability for BC, RCC and control discrimination. This study indicated that plasma metabolomics and lipidomics may be effective for BC, RCC and control discrimination, and combined plasma metabolomics and lipidomics showed better predictive performance. This study would provide a reference for BC and RCC biomarker discovery, not only for early detection and screening, but also for differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangming Cheng
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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17
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Pauls SD, Ragheb M, Winter T, Leng S, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Aukema HM. Spleen Oxylipin and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles are Altered by Dietary Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and by Sex. Lipids 2020; 55:261-270. [PMID: 32255511 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As the largest secondary lymphoid organ, the spleen plays an important role in immune responses. The role of arachidonic acid (ARA) and its 20-carbon eicosanoids in modulating immune function has long been of interest. However, recent advances have enabled the identification of numerous other n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived oxylipins. Here, we investigate the effects of diet and sex on the spleen nonesterified oxylipin profiles and phospholipid and neutral lipid PUFA composition in Sprague-Dawley rats supplemented with oils rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or linoleic acid. Dietary ALA, EPA, and DHA resulted in lower levels of ARA and ARA oxylipins. Oxylipins derived from other n-6 PUFA were also reduced despite no or opposite effect on their PUFA levels. Each diet also resulted in higher levels of oxylipins almost exclusively derived from the supplemented PUFA, despite PUFA in the same biosynthetic pathway also often being increased. Further, while oxylipin differences often reflected changes to phospholipid PUFA, there were instances where they corresponded more closely to changes in neutral lipid PUFA. With respect to sex effects, >50% of lipoxygenase ARA-derived oxylipins were higher in males in at least one diet group, while multiple DHA oxylipins were lower in males only in rats provided the DHA diet. This fundamental description of oxylipin composition in the spleen, including the influence of diet and sex and the relationship to PUFA composition, will help inform future studies examining the functions of these oxylipins under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mariam Ragheb
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shan Leng
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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18
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Liakh I, Pakiet A, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Methods of the Analysis of Oxylipins in Biological Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:E349. [PMID: 31952163 PMCID: PMC7024226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids and due to their important and diverse functions in the body, they have become a popular subject of studies. The main challenge for researchers is their low stability and often very low concentration in samples. Therefore, in recent years there have been developments in the extraction and analysis methods of oxylipins. New approaches in extraction methods were described in our previous review. In turn, the old analysis methods have been replaced by new approaches based on mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), and the best of these methods allow hundreds of oxylipins to be quantitatively identified. This review presents comparative and comprehensive information on the progress of various methods used by various authors to achieve the best results in the analysis of oxylipins in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
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Cayer LGJ, Mendonça AM, Pauls SD, Winter T, Leng S, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Aukema HM. Adipose tissue oxylipin profiles vary by anatomical site and are altered by dietary linoleic acid in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 141:24-32. [PMID: 30661602 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary PUFA and their effects on adipose tissue have been well studied, but oxylipins, the oxygenated metabolites of PUFA, have been sparsely studied in adipose tissue. To determine the oxylipin profile and to examine their potential importance in various adipose sites, female and male rats were provided control, high linoleic acid (LA), or high LA and high α-linolenic acid (LA + ALA) diets for six weeks. Analysis of gonadal (GAT), mesenteric (MAT), perirenal (PAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) revealed higher numbers of oxylipins in MAT and SAT, primarily due to 20-22 carbon cytochrome P450 oxylipins, as well as metabolites of cyclooxygenase derived oxylipins. LA oxylipins made up 75-96% of the total oxylipin mass and largely determined the total relative amounts between depots (GAT > MAT > PAT > SAT). However, when the two most abundant LA oxylipins (TriHOMEs) were excluded, MAT had the highest mass of oxylipins and exhibited the most sex differences. These differences existed despite comparable PUFA composition between depots. Dietary LA increased oxylipins derived from n-6 PUFA, and the addition of ALA generally returned n-6 PUFA oxylipins to levels similar to control and elevated some n-3 oxylipins. These data on oxylipin profiles in adipose depots from different anatomical sites and the effects of diet and sex provide fundamental knowledge that will aid future studies investigating the physiological effects of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien G J Cayer
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Anne M Mendonça
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shan Leng
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada.
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20
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Ferdouse A, Leng S, Winter T, Aukema HM. The Brain Oxylipin Profile Is Resistant to Modulation by Dietary n-6 and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Rats. Lipids 2019; 54:67-80. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afroza Ferdouse
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Shan Leng
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
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21
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Lankinen MA, Fauland A, Shimizu BI, Ågren J, Wheelock CE, Laakso M, Schwab U, Pihlajamäki J. Inflammatory response to dietary linoleic acid depends on FADS1 genotype. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:165-175. [PMID: 30624587 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The health benefits of substituting dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids are well known. However, limited information exists on how the response to dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) is modified by polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster. Objectives The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that the FADS1 rs174550 genotype modifies the effect of dietary LA intake on the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids, fasting glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Methods Associations were investigated between genotype, plasma PUFAs, fasting glucose, and hsCRP concentrations in the cross-sectional, population-based Metabolic Syndrome in Men cohort (n = 1337). In addition, 62 healthy men from the cohort who were homozygotes for the TT or CC genotype of the FADS1 rs174550 were recruited to a 4-wk intervention (FADSDIET) with an LA-enriched diet. The fatty acid composition of plasma PUFAs and concentrations of plasma fasting glucose, serum hsCRP, and plasma lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related analogs) were measured at the beginning and end of the 4-wk intervention period. Results In the FADSDIET trial, the plasma LA proportion increased in both genotype groups in response to an LA-enriched diet. Responses in concentrations of serum hsCRP and plasma fasting glucose and the proportion of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) in plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters differed between genotype groups (interaction of diet × genotype, P < 0.05). In TT homozygous subjects, plasma eicosanoid concentrations correlated with the arachidonic acid proportion in plasma and with hsCRP (r = 0.4-0.7, P < 0.05), whereas in the CC genotype there were no correlations. Conclusions Our findings show that the FADS1 genotype modifies metabolic responses to dietary LA. The emerging concept that personalized dietary counseling should be modified by the FADS1 genotype needs to be tested in larger randomized trials. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02543216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexander Fauland
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bun-Ichi Shimizu
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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22
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Possible Role of CYP450 Generated Omega-3/Omega-6 PUFA Metabolites in the Modulation of Blood Pressure and Vascular Function in Obese Children. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111689. [PMID: 30400671 PMCID: PMC6267577 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by metabolic and haemodynamic disorders such as hypertension, even during childhood. Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), vasoactive and natriuretic metabolites that contribute to blood pressure (BP) regulation. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may compete with AA for CYP450-dependent bioactive lipid mediator formation. We aimed at investigating the role of AA, EPA and DHA and their CYP450-dependent metabolites in BP control and vascular function in 66 overweight/obese children. Fatty acid profile moderately correlated with the corresponding CYP450-derived metabolites but their levels did not differ between children with normal BP (NBP) and high BP (HBP), except for higher EPA-derived epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs) and their diols in HBP group, in which also the estimated CYP450-epoxygenase activity was higher. In the HBP group, EPA inversely correlated with BP, EEQs inversely correlated both with systolic BP and carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT). The DHA-derived epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) were inversely correlated with diastolic BP. Omega-3 derived epoxymetabolites appeared beneficially associated with BP and vascular structure/function only in obese children with HBP. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role of omega-3/omega-6 epoxymetabolites in children's hemodynamics.
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23
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Islam MA, Ravandi A, Aukema HM. Linoleic acid derived oxylipins are elevated in kidney and liver and reduced in serum in rats given a high-protein diet. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Leng S, Winter T, Aukema HM. Dietary ALA, EPA and DHA have distinct effects on oxylipin profiles in female and male rat kidney, liver and serum. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:228-237. [PMID: 29778015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There is much data on the effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on tissue fatty acid compositions, but comparable comprehensive data on their oxygenated metabolites (oxylipins) is limited. The effects of providing female and male rats with diets high in α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA or DHA for 6 weeks on oxylipins and fatty acids in kidney, liver and serum were therefore examined. The oxylipin profile generally reflected fatty acids, but it also revealed unique effects of individual n-3 fatty acids that were not apparent from fatty acid data alone. Dietary ALA increased renal and serum DHA oxylipins even though DHA itself did not increase, while dietary EPA did not increase DHA oxylipins in kidney or liver, suggesting that high EPA may inhibit this conversion. Oxylipin data generally corroborated fatty acid data that indicated that DHA can be retroconverted to EPA and that further retroconversion to ALA is limited. Dietary n-3 fatty acids decreased n-6 fatty acids and their oxylipins (except linoleic acid and its oxylipins), in order of effectiveness of DHA > EPA > ALA, with some exceptions: several arachidonic acid oxylipins modified at carbon 15 were not lower in all three sites, and EPA had a greater effect on 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid and its metabolites in the liver. Oxylipins were predominantly higher in males, which was not reflective of fatty acids. Tissue-specific oxylipin profiles, therefore, provide further information on individual dietary n-3 fatty acid and sex effects that may help explain their unique physiological effects and have implications for dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Leng
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2.
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25
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Pauls SD, Rodway LA, Winter T, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Aukema HM. Anti-inflammatory effects of α-linolenic acid in M1-like macrophages are associated with enhanced production of oxylipins from α-linolenic and linoleic acid. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:121-129. [PMID: 29698923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, mediated in large part by proinflammatory macrophage populations, contributes directly to the induction and perpetuation of metabolic diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can have profound effects on inflammation through the formation of bioactive oxygenated metabolites called oxylipins. The objective of this study was to determine if exposure to the dietary omega-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA) can dampen the inflammatory properties of classically activated (M1-like) macrophages derived from the human THP-1 cell line and to examine the accompanying alterations in oxylipin secretion. We find that ALA treatment leads to a reduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α production. Although ALA is known to be converted to longer-chain PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA oxylipins were reduced overall by ALA treatment, as was LPS-induced secretion of EPA oxylipins. In contrast, we observed profound increases in oxylipins directly derived from ALA. Lipoxygenase products of linoleic acid were also dramatically increased, and LPS-induced production of AA oxylipins, particularly prostaglandin D2, was reduced. These results suggest that ALA may act to dampen the inflammatory phenotype of M1-like macrophages by a unique set of mechanisms distinct from those used by the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. Thus, there is strong rationale for investigating the functions of ALA oxylipins and lesser-known LA oxylipins since they hold promise as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lisa A Rodway
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada.
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26
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Mendonça AM, Cayer LGJ, Pauls SD, Winter T, Leng S, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Aukema HM. Distinct effects of dietary ALA, EPA and DHA on rat adipose oxylipins vary by depot location and sex. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 129:13-24. [PMID: 29482766 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary EPA and DHA given together alter oxylipins in adipose tissue. To compare the separate effects of individual dietary n-3 PUFA on oxylipins in different adipose depots (gonadal, mesenteric, perirenal, subcutaneous) in males and females, rats were provided diets containing higher levels of α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA or DHA. Each n-3 PUFA enhanced its respective oxylipins the most, while effects on other n-3 oxylipins varied. For example: in perirenal and subcutaneous depots, more DHA oxylipins were higher with dietary ALA than with EPA; dietary EPA uniquely decreased 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, in contrast to increasing many other DHA oxylipins. The n-3 PUFAs also reduced oxylipins from n-6 PUFAs in order of effectiveness: DHA > EPA > ALA. Diet by sex interactions in all depots except the perirenal depot resulted in higher oxylipins in males given DHA, and higher oxylipins in females given the other diets. Diet and sex effects on oxylipins did not necessarily reflect effects on either their tissue phospholipid or neutral lipid PUFA precursors. These varying diet and sex effects on oxylipins in the different adipose sites indicate that they may have distinct effects on adipose function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Mendonça
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lucien G J Cayer
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shan Leng
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Research in Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Research in Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Research in Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada.
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27
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Greupner T, Kutzner L, Nolte F, Strangmann A, Kohrs H, Hahn A, Schebb NH, Schuchardt JP. Effects of a 12-week high-α-linolenic acid intervention on EPA and DHA concentrations in red blood cells and plasma oxylipin pattern in subjects with a low EPA and DHA status. Food Funct 2018; 9:1587-1600. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The essential omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n3) can be converted into EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Greupner
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Leibniz University Hannover
- Germany
| | - Laura Kutzner
- Institute for Food Toxicology
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
- Germany
| | - Fabian Nolte
- Institute for Food Toxicology
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
- Germany
| | - Alena Strangmann
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Leibniz University Hannover
- Germany
| | - Heike Kohrs
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Leibniz University Hannover
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Leibniz University Hannover
- Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Institute for Food Toxicology
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
- Germany
- Chair of Food Chemistry
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
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28
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Distinct oxylipin alterations in diverse models of cystic kidney diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1562-1574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins are implicated in soybean oil-induced obesity in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12488. [PMID: 28970503 PMCID: PMC5624939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean oil consumption is increasing worldwide and parallels a rise in obesity. Rich in unsaturated fats, especially linoleic acid, soybean oil is assumed to be healthy, and yet it induces obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in mice. Here, we show that the genetically modified soybean oil Plenish, which came on the U.S. market in 2014 and is low in linoleic acid, induces less obesity than conventional soybean oil in C57BL/6 male mice. Proteomic analysis of the liver reveals global differences in hepatic proteins when comparing diets rich in the two soybean oils, coconut oil, and a low-fat diet. Metabolomic analysis of the liver and plasma shows a positive correlation between obesity and hepatic C18 oxylipin metabolites of omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids (linoleic and α-linolenic acid, respectively) in the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase pathway. While Plenish induced less insulin resistance than conventional soybean oil, it resulted in hepatomegaly and liver dysfunction as did olive oil, which has a similar fatty acid composition. These results implicate a new class of compounds in diet-induced obesity–C18 epoxide and diol oxylipins.
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30
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Caligiuri SPB, Parikh M, Stamenkovic A, Pierce GN, Aukema HM. Dietary modulation of oxylipins in cardiovascular disease and aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H903-H918. [PMID: 28801523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00201.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are a group of fatty acid metabolites generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in processes such as inflammation, immunity, pain, vascular tone, and coagulation. As a result, oxylipins have been implicated in many conditions characterized by these processes, including cardiovascular disease and aging. The best characterized oxylipins in relation to cardiovascular disease are derived from the ω-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid. These oxylipins generally increase inflammation, hypertension, and platelet aggregation, although not universally. Similarly, oxylipins derived from the ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid generally have more adverse than beneficial cardiovascular effects. Alternatively, most oxylipins derived from 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antiaggregatory, and vasodilatory effects that help explain the cardioprotective effects of these fatty acids. Much less is known regarding the oxylipins derived from the 18-carbon ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid, but clinical trials with flaxseed supplementation have indicated that these oxylipins can have positive effects on blood pressure. Normal aging also is associated with changes in oxylipin levels in the brain, vasculature, and other tissues, indicating that oxylipin changes with aging may be involved in age-related changes in these tissues. A small number of trials in humans and animals with interventions that contain either 18-carbon or 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have indicated that dietary-induced changes in oxylipins may be beneficial in slowing the changes associated with normal aging. In summary, oxylipins are an important group of molecules amenable to dietary manipulation to target cardiovascular disease and age-related degeneration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxylipins are an important group of fatty acid metabolites amenable to dietary manipulation. Because of the role they play in cardiovascular disease and in age-related degeneration, oxylipins are gaining recognition as viable targets for specific dietary interventions focused on manipulating oxylipin composition to control these biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and .,Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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31
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Devassy JG, Yamaguchi T, Monirujjaman M, Gabbs M, Ravandi A, Zhou J, Aukema HM. Distinct effects of dietary flax compared to fish oil, soy protein compared to casein, and sex on the renal oxylipin profile in models of polycystic kidney disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 123:1-13. [PMID: 28838555 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are bioactive lipids derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are important regulators of kidney function and health. Targeted lipidomic analyses of renal oxylipins from four studies of rodent models of renal disease were performed to investigate the differential effects of dietary flax compared to fish oil, soy protein compared to casein, and sex. Across all studies, dietary fish oil was more effective than flax oil in reducing n-6 PUFA derived oxylipins and elevating eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived oxylipins, whereas dietary flax oil resulted in higher α-linolenic acid (ALA) oxylipins. Dietary soy protein compared to casein resulted in higher linoleic acid (LA) derived oxylipins. Kidneys from females had higher levels of arachidonic acid (AA) oxylipins, but similar or lower levels of oxylipins from other PUFA. Modulation of the oxylipin profile by diet and sex may help elucidate their effects on renal physiology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessay G Devassy
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital, Research Centre, Canada
| | - Tamio Yamaguchi
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital, Research Centre, Canada; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Md Monirujjaman
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital, Research Centre, Canada
| | - Melissa Gabbs
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital, Research Centre, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard, Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital, Research Centre, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Caligiuri SPB, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Lavallée R, Guzman R, Pierce GN. Specific plasma oxylipins increase the odds of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:961-968. [PMID: 28714336 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins and fatty acids may be novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. The objective was to determine if plasma oxylipins or fatty acids can influence the odds of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events. In 98 patients (25 female, 73 male) with peripheral artery disease, the prevalence of transient ischemic attacks, cerebrovascular accidents, stable angina, and acute coronary syndrome was n = 16, 10, 16, and 24, respectively. Risk factors such as being male, diagnosed hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia were not associated with events. Plasma fatty acids and oxylipins were analyzed with gas chromatography and HPLC-MS/MS, respectively. None of 24 fatty acids quantified were associated with events. In contrast, 39 plasma oxylipins were quantified, and 8 were significantly associated with events. These 8 oxylipins are known regulators of vascular tone. For example, every 1 unit increase in Thromboxane B2/Prostaglandin F1α and every 1 nmol/L increase in plasma 16-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, thromboxane B2, or 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DiHETrE) increased the odds of having had ≥2 events versus no event (p < 0.05). The greatest predictor was plasma 8,9-DiHETrE, which increased the odds of acute coronary syndrome by 92-fold. In conclusion, specific oxylipins were highly associated with clinical events and may represent specific biomarkers and (or) therapeutic targets of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,d Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- b The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.,e Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Renée Lavallée
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Randy Guzman
- f Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
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Leng S, Winter T, Aukema HM. Dietary LA and sex effects on oxylipin profiles in rat kidney, liver, and serum differ from their effects on PUFAs. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1702-1712. [PMID: 28667077 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m078097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast literature on fatty acids in mammals exists, but comparable compositional data on oxylipins is lacking. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were therefore provided control diets or diets with higher linoleic acid (LA) or with higher LA and α-linolenic acid (LA+ALA) for 6 weeks. Kidneys, livers, and serum were analyzed for oxylipins and fatty acids. The proportion of tissue oxylipins derived from LA was greater than the relative proportion of LA itself, whereas arachidonic acid (AA) oxylipins were overrepresented in serum. Higher dietary LA increased kidney LA and AA oxylipins, despite not altering LA or AA. In liver, both LA and AA and their oxylipins were higher, whereas in serum only LA oxylipins were higher with higher dietary LA. Higher LA resulted in a higher ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins; adding ALA to the LA diet mitigated this and many, but not all, effects of the LA diet. Approximately 40% of oxylipins detected were influenced by sex and, unlike their PUFA precursors, most (>90%) of these were higher in males. These differences in dietary LA and sex on oxylipin and fatty acid profiles further our understanding of the effects of fatty acids and may have implications for dietary LA recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Leng
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Behl T, Kotwani A. Omega-3 fatty acids in prevention of diabetic retinopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:946-954. [PMID: 28481011 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the competence of Omega-3 fatty acids in restricting the progression, thereby leading to prevention of diabetic retinopathy. KEY FINDINGS Owing to their anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, Omega-3 fatty acids alleviate major aetiological agents. These fatty acids are renowned for their beneficial effects in various cardiovascular and other disorders; however, their potential to prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy remains least explored. SUMMARY Utilizing this potential, we may develop effective prophylactic agents which markedly inhibit the advent of retinal angiogenesis and prevent the apoptosis of retinal endothelial and neuronal cells, thereby averting retinal degeneration, hence safeguarding diabetic patients from this sight-threatening complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anita Kotwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Picklo MJ, Idso J, Seeger DR, Aukema HM, Murphy EJ. Comparative effects of high oleic acid vs high mixed saturated fatty acid obesogenic diets upon PUFA metabolism in mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 119:25-37. [PMID: 28410667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the fatty acid composition of obesogenic diets influences physiologic outcomes. There are scant data regarding how the content of non-essential fatty acids like monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) impact the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this work, we tested the hypothesis that obesogenic diets enriched in oleic acid (OA; 18:1n-9) reduce polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels vs an obesogenic diet enriched in SFAs. Adult male mice were fed for eight weeks either (1) a control 16% fat energy (en) diet with 5.7% en OA and 4.4% en SFA, (2) a 50% fat en diet with 33% en OA and 9.9% en SFA, or (3) a 50% en diet with a high SFA diet with 33% en SFA and 9.1% en OA. Dietary levels and intake of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) were constant between the experimental groups. Several peripheral organs (liver, heart, kidney, and adipose) were analyzed for lipid composition and oxylipin analysis was performed for liver and adipose. Our data demonstrate that a high OA diet reduced tissue content of LA and ALA (≥30%) in phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions, reduced the content of some LA-derived and ALA-derived oxylipins in liver and adipose, and conversely, elevated hepatic content of PGF2α. In all tissues examined, except for adipose, levels of arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) were either elevated or unaffected by the obesogenic diets. Our data indicate that the non-essential fatty content of obesogenic diets impacts PUFA content in peripheral tissues and influences the levels of bioactive oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9034, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Joseph Idso
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9034, USA
| | - Drew R Seeger
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, USA
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Eric J Murphy
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, USA
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Mika A, Sledzinski T. Alterations of specific lipid groups in serum of obese humans: a review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:247-272. [PMID: 27899022 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major contributor to the dysfunction of liver, cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine and reproductive system, as well as a component of metabolic syndrome. Although development of obesity-related disorders is associated with lipid abnormalities, most previous studies dealing with the problem in question were limited to routinely determined parameters, such as serum concentrations of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Many authors postulated to extend the scope of analysed lipid compounds and to study obesity-related alterations in other, previously non-examined groups of lipids. Comprehensive quantitative, structural and functional analysis of specific lipid groups may result in identification of new obesity-related alterations. The review summarizes available evidence of obesity-related alterations in various groups of lipids and their impact on health status of obese subjects. Further, the role of diet and endogenous lipid synthesis in the development of serum lipid alterations is discussed, along with potential application of various lipid compounds as risk markers for obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Devassy JG, Leng S, Gabbs M, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxylipins in Neuroinflammation and Management of Alzheimer Disease. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:905-16. [PMID: 27633106 PMCID: PMC5015035 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is becoming one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions worldwide. Although the disease progression is becoming better understood, current medical interventions can only ameliorate some of the symptoms but cannot slow disease progression. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the advancement of this disorder, and n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved in both the reduction in and resolution of inflammation. These effects may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory and proresolving effects of bioactive lipid mediators (oxylipins) derived from n-3 PUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] in fish oil. Although interventions have generally used fish oil containing both EPA and DHA, several studies that used either EPA or DHA alone or specific oxylipins derived from these fatty acids indicate that they have distinct effects. Both DHA and EPA can reduce neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, but EPA positively influences mood disorders, whereas DHA maintains normal brain structure. Fewer studies with a plant-derived n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid, suggest that other n-3 PUFAs and their oxylipins also may positively affect AD. Further research identifying the unique anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties of oxylipins from individual n-3 PUFAs will enable the discovery of novel disease-management strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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Picklo MJ, Newman JW. Antioxidant supplementation and obesity have independent effects on hepatic oxylipin profiles in insulin-resistant, obesity-prone rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:182-91. [PMID: 26398714 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced changes in lipid metabolism are mechanistically associated with the development of insulin resistance and prediabetes. Recent studies have focused on the extent to which obesity-induced insulin resistance is mediated through oxylipins, derived from enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E and vitamin C are widely used antioxidant supplements, but conflicting data exist as to whether supplementation with vitamins E and C reduces insulin resistance. The purpose of this work is (1) to test the hypothesis that supplementation with vitamin E and vitamin C prevents the development of insulin resistance and (2) to determine the extent to which antioxidant supplementation modifies obesity-induced changes in hepatic oxylipins. Using obesity-prone Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat, hypercaloric diet, we found that vitamin E and C supplementation did not block the development of insulin resistance, despite increased plasma levels of these antioxidants and decreased hepatic F2-isoprostane (F2-IsoP) concentrations. The obese phenotype was associated with increased hepatic concentrations of cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-dependent linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid-derived epoxides. Antioxidant supplementation, but not obesity, decreased levels of the lipoxygenase (LOX)-dependent, arachidonic acid-derived products lipoxin A4 (LXA4), 8,15-dihydroxtetraenoate (8,15-DiHETE), and 5,15-DiHETE. Our data demonstrate that antioxidant supplementation and obesity impact hepatic LOX- and CYP450-dependent oxylipin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center 2420 2(nd) Avenue North Grand Forks, ND 58203-9034, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA.
| | - John W Newman
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Edris AE, Al-Okbi SY, Mohamed DA, Hamed TE. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa crude oil and its blend with omega-3 fatty acid-rich oils in a modified hepatorenal syndrome model in rats. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2015. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0245151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Aukema HM, Winter T, Ravandi A, Dalvi S, Miller DW, Hatch GM. Generation of Bioactive Oxylipins from Exogenously Added Arachidonic, Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Primary Human Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells. Lipids 2015; 51:591-9. [PMID: 26439837 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the restrictive barrier between the brain parenchyma and the circulating blood and is formed in part by microvessel endothelial cells. The brain contains significant amounts of arachidonic acid (ARA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which potentially give rise to the generation of bioactive oxylipins. Oxylipins are oxygenated fatty acid metabolites that are involved in an assortment of biological functions regulating neurological health and disease. Since it is not known which oxylipins are generated by human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs), they were incubated for up to 30 min in the absence or presence of 0.1-mM ARA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or DHA bound to albumin (1:1 molar ratio), and the oxylipins generated were examined using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). Of 135 oxylipins screened in the media, 63 were present at >0.1 ng/mL at baseline, and 95 were present after incubation with fatty acid. Oxylipins were rapidly generated and reached maximum levels by 2-5 min. While ARA, EPA and DHA each stimulated the production of oxylipins derived from these fatty acids themselves, ARA also stimulated the production of oxylipins from endogenous 18- and 20-carbon fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid. Oxylipins generated by the lipoxygenase pathway predominated both in resting and stimulated states. Oxylipins formed via the cytochrome P450 pathway were formed primarily from DHA and EPA, but not ARA. These data indicate that HBMECs are capable of generating a plethora of bioactive lipids that have the potential to modulate BBB endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Dalvi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada
- Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Donald W Miller
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada
- Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada.
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Gabbs M, Leng S, Devassy JG, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Advances in Our Understanding of Oxylipins Derived from Dietary PUFAs. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:513-40. [PMID: 26374175 PMCID: PMC4561827 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the main mediators of PUFA effects in the body. They are formed via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 pathways, resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), epoxy FAs, lipoxins, eoxins, hepoxilins, resolvins, protectins (also called neuroprotectins in the brain), and maresins. In addition to the well-known eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid, recent developments in lipidomic methodologies have raised awareness of and interest in the large number of oxylipins formed from other PUFAs, including those from the essential FAs and the longer-chain n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs. Oxylipins have essential roles in normal physiology and function, but can also have detrimental effects. Compared with the oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs, oxylipins from n-6 PUFAs generally have greater activity and more inflammatory, vasoconstrictory, and proliferative effects, although there are notable exceptions. Because PUFA composition does not necessarily reflect oxylipin composition, comprehensive analysis of the oxylipin profile is necessary to understand the overall physiologic effects of PUFAs mediated through their oxylipins. These analyses should include oxylipins derived from linoleic and α-linolenic acids, because these largely unexplored bioactive oxylipins constitute more than one-half of oxylipins present in tissues. Because collated information on oxylipins formed from different PUFAs is currently unavailable, this review provides a detailed compilation of the main oxylipins formed from PUFAs and describes their functions. Much remains to be elucidated in this emerging field, including the discovery of more oxylipins, and the understanding of the differing biological potencies, kinetics, and isomer-specific activities of these novel PUFA metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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Yamaguchi T, Devassy JG, Gabbs M, Ravandi A, Nagao S, Aukema HM. Dietary flax oil rich in α-linolenic acid reduces renal disease and oxylipin abnormalities, including formation of docosahexaenoic acid derived oxylipins in the CD1-pcy/pcy mouse model of nephronophthisis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 94:83-9. [PMID: 25512022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The CD1-pcy/pcy mouse model of nephronophthisis displays reduced renal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels and alterations in renal cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase oxylipins derived from n-6 fatty acids. Since dietary flax oil ameliorates disease progression, its effect on renal fatty acids and oxylipins was examined. Sixteen weeks of feeding resulted in reduced disease progression and enrichment of renal phospholipid α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid, reduction in arachidonic acid (AA), but no change in linoleic acid (LA) or DHA. In diseased kidneys, flax oil feeding mitigated the elevated levels of renal cyclooxygenase derived oxylipins formed from AA and the lowered lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 derived oxylipins formed from ALA and DHA. Increased DHA oxylipins occurred with flax feeding despite not altering DHA levels. Dietary flax oil may therefore reduce disease progression via mitigation of oxylipin abnormalities. This study also provides evidence of in vivo ALA conversion to DHA in amounts necessary to restore DHA oxylipin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamio Yamaguchi
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jessay G Devassy
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Melissa Gabbs
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shizuko Nagao
- Education and Research Center of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Cyclooxygenase product inhibition with acetylsalicylic acid slows disease progression in the Han:SPRD-Cy rat model of polycystic kidney disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 116-117:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Al-Okbi SY, Mohamed DA, Hamed TE, Esmail RSH, Donya SM. Prevention of renal dysfunction by nutraceuticals prepared from oil rich plant foods. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:618-27. [PMID: 25183331 PMCID: PMC4037655 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.201414b66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of extracts prepared from avocado, walnut, flaxseed and Eruca sativa seeds in a rat model of kidney dysfunction induced by intraperitoneal cisplatin. METHODS Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts mixture was prepared from each plant. Six groups of rats were conducted; control healthy, cisplatin group and four test groups where rats were given daily oral dose of each extract mixture before cisplatin injection. Different biochemical and cytogenetic parameters and kidney histopathology were determined. Acute toxicity was tested for the nutraceuticals. Total phenolic contents, fatty acids (FA) and unsaponifiable matter were assessed in the extracts. RESULTS Walnut ethanol extract showed the highest content of total phenolic. FA analysis revealed that all the studied plants were rich in unsaturated FA. Gas-liquid chromatographic investigation of the unsaponifiable matter showed the presence of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in all the studied plants. Cisplatin treatment induced significant increase in plasma urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde along with significant reduction of plasma albumin, total protein, catalase and total antioxidant as well as reduction in creatinine clearance. Histopathological examination proved the induction of kidney dysfunction. Some sorts of chromosomal aberration and sperm-shape abnormalities were noticed after cisplatin treatment. Administration of extracts mixtures produced improvements in biochemical, histopathological and cytogenetic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Administration of the studied nutraceuticals proved to possess protective role against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, chromosomal aberration and abnormal sperms. All studied nutraceuticals showed complete safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Y. Al-Okbi
- Food Sciences and Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doha A. Mohamed
- Food Sciences and Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thanaa E. Hamed
- Food Sciences and Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham SH. Esmail
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Souria M. Donya
- Cytogenetic Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Caligiuri SPB, Blydt-Hansen T, Love K, Grégoire M, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Aukema HM. Evidence for the use of glomerulomegaly as a surrogate marker of glomerular damage and for alpha-linolenic acid-rich oils in the treatment of early obesity-related glomerulopathy in a diet-induced rodent model of obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:951-959. [PMID: 24927777 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is a unique and emerging condition that can lead to renal failure. Early detection, aided by an earlier diagnostic marker, would improve patient outcomes; this could be facilitated by an accurate model. Such a model would be useful to examine interventions like dietary fatty acids, which are known to influence renal diseases in later stages. In this study, obese-prone rats were provided high-fat (55% of energy) diets for 12 weeks to generate a model of diet-induced obesity. The rats were subsequently provided dietary oils with various levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) for 8 weeks, as follows: (g ALA:LA per 100 g oil): canola/flax (20:18), canola (8:18), soy (9:53), high-oleic canola/canola (5:16), high-oleic canola (2:15), lard/soy (1:8), and safflower (0.2:73). The model developed obesity, glomerulomegaly, proteinuria, and scarce glomerular damage with an indolent course. Morphometry and histology revealed glomerulomegaly as the first renal structural alteration. The utility of this marker as a predictor for the presence of ORG and renal injury was evidenced by its correlation to visceral adiposity (p < 0.0001, r = 0.44), proteinuria (p < 0.0001, ρ = 0.55), change in proteinuria (p = 0.0092, ρ = 0.42), and glomerular damage (p < 0.0001, ρ = 0.48). Renal triglyceride ALA:LA was strongly correlated with dietary ALA:LA (p < 0.0005, ρ = 0.96), and inversely associated with mean glomerular volume (p = 0.02, ρ = -0.82). The diet-induced obese model accurately represents early ORG, and implicates glomerulomegaly as an early surrogate diagnostic marker. Early intervention with ALA-rich dietary oils slowed glomerular enlargement; these findings warrant further clinical investigation to promote optimal patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, W383 Duff Roblin Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Caligiuri SPB, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Guzman R, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Flaxseed consumption reduces blood pressure in patients with hypertension by altering circulating oxylipins via an α-linolenic acid-induced inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Hypertension 2014; 64:53-9. [PMID: 24777981 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial, participants with peripheral arterial disease (75% hypertensive) consumed 30 g of milled flaxseed/d for 6 months. The flaxseed group exhibited significant reductions in systolic (-10 mm Hg) and diastolic (-7 mm Hg) blood pressure. Flaxseed contains the n3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid. Plasma α-linolenic acid increased with ingestion of flaxseed and was inversely associated with blood pressure. However, the antihypertensive mechanism was unclear. Oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate vascular tone. Therefore, the objective was to examine whether flaxseed consumption altered plasma oxylipins in a manner that influenced blood pressure. Plasma of FlaxPAD (Flaxseed for Peripheral Arterial Disease) participants underwent solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis. The flaxseed group exhibited significant decreases in 8 plasma oxylipins versus control. Six of these (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid and 9,10- and 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid) were products of soluble epoxide hydrolase, a pharmacological target for antihypertensive treatment. Patients exhibiting a decrease in total plasma soluble epoxide hydrolase-derived oxylipins, exhibited a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (mean [95% confidence interval], -7.97 [-14.4 to -1.50] mm Hg) versus those who exhibited increased plasma soluble epoxide hydrolase-derived oxylipins (+3.17 [-4.78 to 11.13] mm Hg). These data suggest that a flaxseed bioactive may have decreased blood pressure via soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition. Using a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor screening assay, increasing concentrations of α-linolenic acid decreased soluble epoxide hydrolase activity (P=0.0048; ρ=-0.94). In conclusion, α-linolenic acid in flaxseed may have inhibited soluble epoxide hydrolase, which altered oxylipin concentrations that contributed to the antihypertensive effects in patients with peripheral arterial disease. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00781950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Randy Guzman
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elena Dibrov
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Caligiuri SPB, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Pierce GN. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory oxylipins in older subjects are normalized by flaxseed consumption. Exp Gerontol 2014; 59:51-7. [PMID: 24747581 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxylipins, including eicosanoids, are highly bioactive molecules endogenously produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oxylipins play a key role in chronic disease progression. It is possible, but unknown, if oxylipin concentrations change with the consumption of functional foods or differ with subject age. METHODS Therefore, in a parallel comparator trial, 20 healthy individuals were recruited into a younger (19-28years) or older (45-64years) age group (n=10/group). Participants ingested one muffin/day containing 30g of milled flaxseed (6g alpha-linolenic acid) for 4weeks. Plasma oxylipins were isolated through solid phase extraction, analyzed with HPLC-MS/MS targeted lipidomics, and quantified with the stable isotope dilution method. RESULTS At baseline, the older group exhibited 13 oxylipins ≥2-fold the concentration of the younger group. Specifically, pro-inflammatory oxylipins 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 9,10,13-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid, and 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid were significantly greater in the older (1.1±0.23nM, 5.6±0.84nM, and 4.5±0.58nM, respectively) versus the younger group (0.34±0.12nM, 3.5±0.33nM, and 3.0±0.24nM, respectively) (p<0.05). After 4weeks of flaxseed consumption the number of oxylipins that were ≥2-fold higher in the older versus the younger group was reduced to 3. 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 9,10,13-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid, and 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid decreased in the older group to concentrations equivalent to the younger group after flaxseed consumption. CONCLUSION These data suggest a potential role for oxylipins in the aging process and how nutritional interventions like flaxseed can beneficially disrupt these biological changes associated with inflammation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Human Nutritional Sciences, W383 Duff Roblin Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
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