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Davis RE, Fang D, Vanderlee L, Jáuregui A, White CM, Hammond D, Merchant AT, Gutierrez Orozco I, Oviedo Solís CI, Thrasher JF. Examining the Role of Aguas Frescas in Assessment of Sugary-Drink Intake among Mexican and Mexican American Adults. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00331-6. [PMID: 38852856 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aguas frescas are Mexican drinks that are typically made with water, sugar, and fruit. Aguas frescas may be a significant component of sugary-drink intake among Mexican and Mexican-American (MA) adults. However, it is unclear whether survey respondents report aguas frescas consumption when it is not specifically queried in standardized beverage frequency instruments. OBJECTIVES This study examined the prevalence of aguas frescas consumption, the sociodemographic correlates of aguas frescas intake, and how specifically querying aguas frescas intake affects sugary-drink estimates among Mexican and MA adults. METHODS Cross-sectional, online surveys were conducted in 2021 with 5377 Mexican and 3073 MA adults as part of the International Food Policy Study. Past 7-d consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), sugary drinks, and aguas frescas were assessed along with relevant covariates. Weighted analyses included logistic and linear regression, including models with correlation structure. RESULTS An estimated 61.7% of Mexican and 28.7% of MA adults consumed aguas frescas. In Mexico, consumption was associated with females, low education, perceiving oneself as having about the right weight, being good to excellent health, and consuming an unhealthy amount of sugary drinks. For MAs, intake was associated with being younger, speaking Spanish, and perceiving oneself as being underweight or about the right weight. Among Mexican adults who consumed aguas frescas but did not report them unless specifically queried, the volume of SSB intake was 67.9% higher for females and 64.3% higher for males when aguas frescas were included. Among MAs, SSB intake was 56.9% higher for females and 44.1% higher for males. Most participants (79.9%-85.2%) remained in the same sugary-drink tertiles when including compared with excluding aguas frescas. CONCLUSIONS Aguas frescas should be queried during beverage intake assessments, as they contribute a nontrivial amount of added sugars to the diets of many Mexican and MA adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Davis
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
| | - Dai Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- Centre de Nutrition, Santé, et Société (NUTRISS), École de Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Christine M White
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Indira Gutierrez Orozco
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Cecilia Isabel Oviedo Solís
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Olvera LGT, Martínez LC, Souza BDSND, Sichieri R, Ruíz Arregui L, Rodríguez Garcia WD, de la Torre GSG. Impact of a School-Based Intervention on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Substitution by Water in Mexican Scholars. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2024; 80:136-142. [PMID: 38437808 DOI: 10.1159/000538142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has increased in recent years, associated with substituting plain water intake with sugar-sweetened beverages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a school-based intervention that aimed to replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water on Mexican scholars. METHODS We included 314 children aged 9-11 from three public schools of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, randomized to intervention (two schools from the municipality of Apan; six classes with 146 participants) or control group (one school from the municipality of Emiliano Zapata; six classes with 168 participants) and followed for 6 months. The intervention consisted of placing drinking fountains at schools and classrooms with nutritional education lessons to increase water consumption and decrease sugar-sweetened beverages. Mixed models for repeated measures were used to assess the impact of the intervention. RESULTS At the end of the study, water consumption was higher (200 mL/day, p = 0.005), and flavored milk consumption was lower (94 mL/day, p = 0.044) in the intervention group compared with the control group. There was also a statistically significant reduction in energy (p = 0.016) and sugar intake (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The school-based intervention favorably modified the consumption pattern of sugar-sweetened beverages and water in Mexican students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilia Castillo Martínez
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rosely Sichieri
- Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liliana Ruíz Arregui
- Epidemiological Surveillance Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wendy D Rodríguez Garcia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Garduño-Alanis A, Ángeles-Llerenas A, Sánchez-Zamorano LM, Flores-Luna L, Flores-Aldana M, Torres-Mejía G. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption and Breast Cancer in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:325-332. [PMID: 38085259 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), of which Mexico is a large consumer, has been associated with the risk of breast cancer. We assessed the association between SSBs consumption and breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS We performed a multicenter population-based case-control study in Mexico City, Monterrey, and Veracruz. We recruited 1,000 cases and 1,074 controls; all participants were pre- or postmenopausal women between 35 and 69 years of age. Diet before symptoms onset was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. We conducted a multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis stratified by menopausal status. RESULTS For premenopausal women, after adjusting for matching characteristics, total energy intake and all potential confounders, the odds of having breast cancer in women who drank one or more SSBs servings per day showed 1.78 times the odds of those who drank one or fewer SSBs servings per month [OR = 1.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-3.01]. For postmenopausal women, the corresponding model was not statistically significant (OR = 1.38, 95% CI, 0.84-2.25). We also observed higher consumption of SSBs among pre- than in postmenopausal women (23.3% and 17.4%, respectively among controls in the highest consumption category (≥1 per day). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SSBs consumption increases the risk of developing breast cancer, particularly in premenopausal women. IMPACT Given the consumption of SSBs, of which Mexico is a large consumer, these results can support public policies to discourage the consumption of SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Garduño-Alanis
- National Institute of Public Health, National Council of Humanities, Science and Technology, Mexico and Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Angélica Ángeles-Llerenas
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Lourdes Flores-Luna
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario Flores-Aldana
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Torres-Mejía
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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de Faria NC, Andrade GMDP, Ruas CM, Claro RM, Braga LVM, Nilson EAF, Anastácio LR. Impact of implementation of front-of-package nutrition labeling on sugary beverage consumption and consequently on the prevalence of excess body weight and obesity and related direct costs in Brazil: An estimate through a modeling study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289340. [PMID: 37566577 PMCID: PMC10420370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Intake of sugary beverages has been associated with obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases, thereby increasing the direct health costs related to these diseases. Front-of-package nutrition labeling (FoPNL) aims to help consumers understand food composition, thereby improving food choices and preventing the development of such diseases. OBJECTIVE To estimate, over five years, the impact of implementing FoPNL in Brazil on the prevalence of excess body weight and obesity in adults who consume sugary beverages and the direct costs related to such problems. METHODS A simulation study to performed to estimate the effect of FoPNL implementation on the prevalence of excess body weight and obesity. The VIGITEL research database (2019), published in the 2020 report, was used in this study (the final sample consisted of 12,471 data points representing 14,380,032 Brazilians). The scenarios were considered: base (trend in sugary beverage intake); 1 (base scenario associated with the changes in energy content of the purchased beverages observed after the first phase of the Chilean labeling law (-9.9%); and 2 (scenario 1 associated with reformulation of beverages, total energy reduction of -1.6%). Changes in body weight were estimated using the simulation model of Hall et al. (2011) over five years. A linear trend in the prevalence of obesity and excess body weight in the Brazilian population was considered. The impact of the prevalence of obesity and excess body weight on body mass index was estimated. In addition, the direct health costs related to obesity were estimated. RESULTS Energy consumption from sugary beverages after FoPNL implementation is expected to be reduced by approximately 28 kcal/day (95% CI, -30 to -27) considering scenario 1. In scenarios 1 and 2, without FoPNL, the prevalence of obesity and excess body weight over five years was estimated to be 25.3% and 25.2%, and 64.4% and 64.2%, respectively. By extrapolating the results to the entire Brazilian population, it was observed that the implementation of FoPNL may reduce the prevalence of obesity by -0.32 percentage points and -0.35 percentage points (scenario 1 and 2, respectively) and excess body weight by -0.42 percentage points and -0.48 percentage points (scenarios 1 and 2, respectively) in five years. It is estimated that after five years of implementation, it will be possible to save approximately US$ 5,5 millions (95% CI 4,7 to 8,8) in scenario 1, reaching approximately US$ 6,1 millions (95% CI 5,3 to 9,8) in scenario 2. CONCLUSION The results of this modeling study indicate that FoPNL may reduce prevalence of excess body weight and obesity, representing strategic public policies for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cristina de Faria
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Mariano Ruas
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Moreira Claro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centre for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health (NUPENS), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Vargas Mascarenhas Braga
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson
- Centre for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health (NUPENS), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Rezende Anastácio
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Rocha-Amador DO, González-Martell AD, Pérez-Vázquez FJ, Cilia López VG. Health Risk Assessment in Mexican Children Exposed to Fluoride from Sweetened Beverages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2250-2257. [PMID: 35854170 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The primary source of fluoride exposure is groundwater, but evidence suggests that beverages and food are additional fluoride sources. Intake of these products at an early age affects the optimal functioning of soft organs. An increase in sweetened beverage consumption by the pediatric population has been reported, suggesting an increase in fluoride exposure. The objectives of this study were to determine the fluoride concentrations in beverages and analyze the risk to human health from fluoride exposure to sweetened beverages consumed by children. Eighty-two sugar-sweetened beverages produced in different Mexican states were analyzed. The fluoride determination was carried out with an ion-selective electrode. The highest fluoride concentration was 1.92 mg/L; 73.2% of beverages showed fluoride values above permitted limits. Low-cost beverages had the highest fluoride values, suggesting that the water used for their production does not comply with fluorine regulations. According to the risk assessment in children from 3 to 6 years, the daily consumption of juices and sodas with concentrations that exceeded the normative of 0.7 mg/L could represent a risk to dental fluorosis development. It is crucial to control fluoride and regulate its concentrations in beverages for children to ensure food safety, especially in areas of endemic hydrofluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Olivia Rocha-Amador
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina-CIACYT, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Andrea Daniela González-Martell
- Programa Multidisciplinario de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales (PMPCA), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina-CIACYT, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Virginia Gabriela Cilia López
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
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Li M, Gong W, Wang S, Li Z. Relationship between high fructose corn syrup sweetened drinks, diet soft drinks, and serum sodium: NHANES 2003-2006. Nutr J 2022; 21:76. [PMID: 36581871 PMCID: PMC9798711 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of high fructose corn syrup sweetened drinks and diet soft drinks has increased in the United States. However, the relationship between the intake of high fructose corn syrup sweetened drinks and diet soft drinks, and serum sodium has been scarcely studied. Our objective is to evaluate the relation between intake of high fructose corn syrup sweetened drinks and diet soft drinks, and serum sodium, and explore the possible effect modifiers in a nationally representative sample of adults from the United States. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. The study participants included 6989 adults aged ≥18 years. Using survey-weighted generalized linear regression analyses, we investigated the relationship between high fructose corn syrup sweetened drink, diet soft drink consumption, and serum sodium. Consumption of high fructose corn syrup sweetened drinks and diet soft drinks was evaluated through a food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Serum sodium levels increased as high fructose corn syrup sweetened drink intake increased. Serum sodium levels were higher in participants in the highest high fructose corn syrup sweetened drink consumption quantile, compared with those in the lowest high fructose corn syrup sweetened drink intake quantile (p = 0.020). The multivariate betas for serum sodium, according to the corresponding high fructose corn syrup sweetened drink intake quantiles, were 0.16, 0.19, and 0.21, respectively (P for trend = 0.051). We found no relationship between diet soft drink consumption and serum sodium after adjustment of confounding. (multivariate P > 0.05). CONCLUSION There was a a step-wise increase in serum sodium concentration with increasing consumption of HFCS sweetened beverages. Even moderate HFCS sweetened soft drink intake was associated with an elevated serum sodium level - a risk factor for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144 China
| | - Weijun Gong
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xixiazhuang Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144 China
| | - Shidong Wang
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Department of Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.5 Haiyuncang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.5 Haiyuncang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Locia‐Morales D, Vázquez‐Moreno M, González‐Dzib R, Domínguez‐Hernández C, Pérez‐Herrera A, Robles‐Ramírez RJ, Rocha‐Cruz A, Meyre D, Flores‐Alfaro E, Cruz M. Association of total and pancreatic serum amylase enzymatic activity with insulin resistance and the glucose and insulin responses to oral starch test in Mexican children. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12965. [PMID: 36350201 PMCID: PMC9787783 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Little is known about the effect of serum amylase enzymatic activity on glucose metabolism. We investigated the association of serum amylase enzymatic activity with fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance (IR), and the plasma glucose and insulin response to an oral starch test (OST) in Mexican children. METHODS Anthropometric data, glucose and insulin levels, and the serum enzymatic activity of total (AMYt), salivary (AMY1), and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase were analysed in 764 children (Nnormal weight = 427/Nobesity = 337). After categorization into low (LA) and high (HA) AMYt, an OST with commercial white bread was performed in 39 children (Nnormal weight = 17/Nobesity = 22). RESULTS A positive association between serum enzymatic activity of AMY2 and IR was observed in children with obesity (p = 0.018). Children with normal weight had lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST than children with obesity (Pglucose = 4.1 × 10-12 ; Pinsulin = 2.1 × 10-15 ). Compared with the LA group, children with HA showed lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST (Pglucose ≤ 0.040; Pinsulin ≤ 0.015). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AMY2 is positively associated with IR. A high level of AMYt is related to lower glucose and insulin responses to OST in Mexican children, regardless of their weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Locia‐Morales
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Vázquez‐Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Roxana González‐Dzib
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Carmen Domínguez‐Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Aleyda Pérez‐Herrera
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaInstituto Politécnico Nacional‐Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral‐Regional Unidad OaxacaOaxaca CityMexico
| | - Roberto J. Robles‐Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - Alberto Rocha‐Cruz
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada,Faculty of Medicine of Nancy INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance,Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and NutritionUniversity Hospital of NancyNancyFrance
| | - Eugenia Flores‐Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, González-Ramírez J, Sanchez F, Leija-Martínez JJ, Martínez-Coronilla G, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Sánchez-Muñoz F. Negative Effects of Chronic High Intake of Fructose on Lung Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194089. [PMID: 36235741 PMCID: PMC9571075 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the modern diet, excessive fructose intake (>50 g/day) had been driven by the increase, in recent decades, of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. This phenomenon has dramatically increased within the Caribbean and Latin American regions. Epidemiological studies show that chronic high intake of fructose related to sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and may also contribute to the exacerbation of lung diseases, such as COVID-19. Evidence supports several mechanisms—such as dysregulation of the renin−angiotensin system, increased uric acid production, induction of aldose reductase activity, production of advanced glycation end-products, and activation of the mTORC1 pathway—that can be implicated in lung damage. This review addresses how these pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms may explain the lung damage resulting from high intake of fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier González-Ramírez
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Mexicali, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sanchez
- Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - José J. Leija-Martínez
- Master and Doctorate Program in Medical, Dental, and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Martínez-Coronilla
- Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Mexicali, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5573-2911 (ext. 21310)
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Ramírez-Toscano Y, Pérez-Ferrer C, Bilal U, Auchincloss AH, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. Socioeconomic deprivation and changes in the retail food environment of Mexico from 2010 to 2020. Health Place 2022; 77:102865. [PMID: 35932595 PMCID: PMC7613304 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the change in the retail food environment of Mexican municipalities from 2010 to 2020, and to assess if these trends were modified by socioeconomic deprivation. We used data from the National Statistical Directory of Economic Units. Changes in the food store count were estimated using fixed-effects Poisson regression models, including coefficients for time, socioeconomic deprivation, and their interaction. We found a rapid growth in convenience stores, seed-grain stores, and supermarkets while small food retail stores declined. Urban areas had a higher count of all types of food stores; however, the steepest increases in food stores were observed in non-urban areas. The increase in convenience stores, supermarkets, specialty food stores, fruit-vegetable stores, and seed-grain stores was greater in the most deprived areas, compared to the least deprived areas. There has been a substantial expansion and rapid change in Mexico's food environment, mainly driven by increases in convenience stores and supermarkets in more deprived and less urbanized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenisei Ramírez-Toscano
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62100, Mexico
| | - Carolina Pérez-Ferrer
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62100, Mexico; National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT), Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, CP 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, 3600 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amy H Auchincloss
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, 3600 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62100, Mexico.
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10
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English L, Carmona YR, Peterson KE, Jansen EC, Téllez Rojo MM, Torres Olascoaga L, Cantoral A. Changes in Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake Are Associated with Changes in Body Composition in Mexican Adolescents: Findings from the ELEMENT Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:719. [PMID: 35277078 PMCID: PMC8839416 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in consumption of sugar sweetened beverage (SSBs) have been associated with increased body mass index (BMI), but little work has evaluated the effect on waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage during adolescence, a period characterized by rapid growth and change in dietary behaviors. We examined the relationship of changes in SSB intake and changes in adiposity over two years in 464 Mexican adolescents. Food frequency questionnaires were used to sum intake of regular soda, coffee with sugar, tea with sugar, sweetened water with fruit, chocolate milk, corn atole, and a sweetened probiotic milk beverage. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of changes in SSBs with changes in BMI, body fat percentage, and WC, adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, screen time, physical activity, age, and change in age. Adolescents who increased their daily SSB intake by >2 serving had a −2.72% higher body fat percentage (95% CI: 0.61, 4.82); a 1−2 serving increase was associated with a 2.49 cm increase (95% CI: 0.21, 4.76) in WC compared with those with no change in intake. Within an adolescent sample, changes in SSB intake were related to concomitant changes in body fat percentage and WC, but not BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey English
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Yanelli R. Carmona
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.R.C.); (K.E.P.); (E.C.J.)
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.R.C.); (K.E.P.); (E.C.J.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.R.C.); (K.E.P.); (E.C.J.)
| | - Martha María Téllez Rojo
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health in Mexico, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (M.M.T.R.); (L.T.O.)
| | - Libni Torres Olascoaga
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health in Mexico, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (M.M.T.R.); (L.T.O.)
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Department of Health, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Mexico City 01219, Mexico
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11
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Arango-Angarita A, Méndez-Gómez-Humarán I, Guerrero-López CM, Shamah-Levy T. Is store density associated with sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and overweight or obesity in Mexican adolescents? Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12838. [PMID: 34318602 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a risk factor for obesity. In Mexico, SSBs are widely available and consumed daily by adolescents. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to estimate the indirect association between store density (including grocery, convenience, non-alcoholic beverage stores and supermarkets) and overweight or obesity (OW/O) among Mexican adolescents, using SSB consumption as a mediator. METHODS We used cross-sectional data on adolescent SSB consumption, weight status (body mass index for age [BMI for age]), physical activity, screen time and sociodemographic factors from the 2016 Mexican Midway National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT MC 2016). The National Statistical Directory of Economic Units provided information on stores selling SSBs. We estimated structural equations models to test associations between store density and OW/O, using SSB consumption as a mediator. RESULTS We found a direct positive association between store density and SSB intake in adolescents (β =1.229), including density of supermarkets (β = 132.07), grocery stores (β = 1.170) and non-alcoholic beverage stores (β = 1.537). No significant association was observed for convenience stores. Direct association between store density and OW/O was strongest for supermarket density (β = 0.426). In addition, SSB intake was significantly associated with OW/O (p = 0.033). No significant indirect association between density of any store and OW/O was found. CONCLUSIONS Store density was directly associated with SSB consumption but not indirectly associated with OW/O mediated by SSB. Further research on food environment is required in order to design evidence-based strategies aimed at reducing SSB intake and OW/O in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arango-Angarita
- Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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12
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Martínez-Vargas L, Vermandere H, Bautista-Arredondo S, Colchero MA. The role of social determinants on unhealthy eating habits in an urban area in Mexico: A qualitative study in low-income mothers with a young child at home. Appetite 2021; 169:105852. [PMID: 34890724 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are a severe public health problem in Mexico. National policies to fight unhealthy eating have been implemented but they don't target social and family environment determinants. Our study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the determinants of unhealthy eating by exploring the perspectives and experiences of low-income Mexican women with a young child at home. We conducted a purposeful sampling to include participating kindergartens in Morelos, México. Women with a child enrolled in the kindergarten were invited to focus group discussions. Afterward, women with specific profiles were invited to in-depth interviews. During analysis we applied Dahlgren and Whitehead's model of social determinants of health (SDH). Overall, we found that participants have unhealthy habits, for example: low variability in consumption patterns, regular sugar-sweetened beverages intake and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake. By low variability we mean frequently consumed products (on most days of the week) limited to a restricted food set. As for the determinants of unhealthy habits, we found at the community level that families encourage unhealthy eating. At the household and work level, tight schedules for food preparation determine unhealthy eating. And, at a socio-economic level, lack of access and money constraints shape unhealthy habits. Unhealthy habits are determined by factors on multiple levels and using an SDH approach can be an effective way to inform comprehensive strategies targeting the overweight and obesity epidemic in Mexico and other low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heleen Vermandere
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
| | | | - M Arantxa Colchero
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico.
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13
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Quizan-Plata T, Murillo-Castillo KD, Bolaños-Villar AV, Corella-Madueño MAG. Monounsaturated Fat Intake Was Associated with Lower Abdominal Obesity but Poor Dietary Quality Remains in Elementary School Children from Northwest Mexico. Ecol Food Nutr 2021; 61:337-352. [PMID: 34851801 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2021.2008922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in Mexican elementary school children increased ten percentage points in the last 30 years; one of the factors attributed is inadequate dietary quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of monounsaturated fat intake with abdominal obesity and nutrient intake and obesity and overweight with dietary quality of elementary school children from Northwest Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 218 first grade elementary school children. A socioeconomic survey and two nonconsecutive 24-HR were applied, and anthropometric measurements were taken. Dietary quality was evaluated and classified as: healthy, medium and poor. Children consumed fewer servings of fruits, vegetables, legumes, dairy products and water than recommended by the Mexican food guidelines. A negative association was found among monounsaturated fat intake and abdominal obesity (p = .032). Only 1.4% of the children presented healthy dietary quality, 44.5% showed a medium dietary quality, and 54.1% had poor dietary quality. Poor dietary quality was associated with a lower intake of fiber (p = .002), protein (p = .002), potassium (p = .001) and vitamin E (p = .002). Elementary school children from Northwest Mexico have inadequate dietary quality that compromises their nutritional and health status, while monounsaturated fat intake could be a protective factor for abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Quizan-Plata
- Departmento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
| | | | - Adriana V Bolaños-Villar
- Departamento de Nutrición y Metabolismo, Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Hermosillo, México
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14
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Álvarez-Sánchez C, Guillén H, Contento IR, Koch P, Théodore FL. Soda Consumption Among Mexican Construction Workers in the Context of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:107-117. [PMID: 34706574 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211050031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the psychosocial determinants of consumption of soda and other taxed sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in Mexican construction workers (CWs) and whether consumption changed as a result of the 2014 SSB tax. We conducted a qualitative case study involving in-depth interviews and focus groups (FGs) with 30 Mexican CWs; supplemented with descriptions of the food and beverages consumed during lunch breaks. We used NVivo 10 to classify information according to the analysis categories, primarily informed by the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA). CWs reported not having changed their consumption of soda and other taxed SSBs as a result of the SSB tax, despite the price increase and "knowing" the potential negative consequences of soda drinking. The most important determinants of soda consumption are a deep-seated social norm of soda drinking and use of soda drinking as part of their professional identity; their likeness for soda; a wide availability of soda in their environments; and a low perceived behavioral control (because they thought themselves as addicted to it). Participants indicated that the best way for them not to consume soda would be if it were not available. These findings lend support for the tight regulation of the availability of SSBs. To have a meaningful impact on these consumers, the SSB tax may need to be much higher. Policy-level interventions should be coupled with interventions at the individual and community levels that aim at denormalizing soda consumption, create new meanings in relation to water consumption, and develop behavioral control to decrease soda consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Álvarez-Sánchez
- Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Héctor Guillén
- Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Pamela Koch
- Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florence L Théodore
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, The National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
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15
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Moon JY, Hua S, Qi Q, Sotres-Alvarez D, Mattei J, Casagrande SS, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Siega-Riz AM, Gallo LC, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Kaplan RC, Corsino L. Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption with Prediabetes and Glucose Metabolism Markers in Hispanic/Latino Adults in the United States: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Nutr 2021; 152:235-245. [PMID: 34558625 PMCID: PMC8754574 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both the incidence of diabetes mellitus and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages are high in the Hispanic/Latino population in the United States. The associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and 100% fruit juice with prediabetes and glucose metabolism markers in the diverse Hispanic/Latino population in the United States are unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and 100% fruit juice with prediabetes and glucose metabolism markers such as fasting glucose and insulin, 2-h oral-glucose-tolerance test, HOMA-IR, HOMA index for β-cell function (HOMA-B), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among US Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS Using baseline data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011), beverage consumption was ascertained using two 24-h dietary recalls and a food propensity questionnaire. Diabetes/prediabetes status was defined by self-report, antihyperglycemic medication use, and American Diabetes Association laboratory criteria. Among 9965 individuals without diabetes (5194 normoglycemia, 4771 prediabetes) aged 18-74 y, the associations of beverage consumption with prediabetes and glucose metabolism markers were analyzed using logistic and linear regressions, respectively, accounting for complex survey design. RESULTS Compared with individuals who consumed <1 serving/d (<240 mL/d) of sugar-sweetened beverages, individuals who consumed >2 servings/d (>480 mL/d) had 1.3 times greater odds of having prediabetes (95% CI: 1.06, 1.61) and higher glucose metabolism markers including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c. Consumption of artificially sweetened beverages showed an inverse association with β-cell function (HOMA-B). Intake of 100% fruit juice was not significantly associated with prediabetes nor with glucose metabolism markers. CONCLUSIONS Among US Hispanic/Latino adults, higher sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was associated with increased odds of prediabetes and higher glucose metabolism markers. Public health initiatives to decrease sugar-sweetened beverage consumption could potentially reduce the burden of diabetes among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Simin Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anna María Siega-Riz
- Departments of Nutrition and Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Webb MC, Chong D, Bawa S. Consumption patterns of nonnutritive sweeteners among university students at a Caribbean institution. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:719-724. [PMID: 31995445 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1706531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To determine whether there is an association between the consumption of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) and sex, as well as age. Also, to determine awareness of the health risks associated with the use of NNS. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to compile the data collected. Data were presented using frequencies and percentages. A chi-squared tests were performed to test the association between NNS and gender/sex and age. The level of significance was set at the ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The majority of students [n = 108 (55.1%)] indicated that they have never used NNS. The NNS with the highest intake was sucralose. There were no significant associations between gender (p-value = 0.508) and age (p-value = 0.275) and use of NNS. For awareness of the association between NNS, weight gain, and cancer, 38.8% (n = 76) of the participants indicated that they were not aware that NNS are associated with weight gain. Less than half of the participants (n = 46, 23.5%) were not aware that NNS does cause cancer. CONCLUSION A large portion of university students do not use NNS. The majority of students were aware that NNS are associated with weight gain but did not link it to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquitta C Webb
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies - St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Dana Chong
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies - St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sa'eed Bawa
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies - St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Carriedo A, Lock K, Hawkins B. Policy Process And Non-State Actors' Influence On The 2014 Mexican Soda Tax. Health Policy Plan 2021; 35:941-952. [PMID: 32672333 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2014, Mexico introduced a soda tax of 1 Mexican Peso (MXP) per litre. The aim of this paper is to examine the political context out of which this policy emerged, the main drivers for the policy change, and the role of stakeholders in setting the policy agenda and shaping the policy design and outcomes. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, and 145 documents, including peer-reviewed papers, policy briefs, press releases, industry, government, and CSO reports, were analysed. An iterative thematic analysis was conducted based on relevant theories of the policy process using a complementary approach, including Stages Heuristic Model, Policy Triangle Framework, and Multiple Streams Model. Results showed that a major motivation was the new administration seeking funds as they entered government. The soda tax was supported by a key group of legislators, civil society actors and by academics promoting evidence on health effects. However, the policy measure was challenged by the food and beverage industries (F&BI). Non-state actors were both formally and informally involved in setting the agenda, regardless of some of them having opposing interests on the soda tax policy. Approaches used by non-state actors to influence the agenda included: calls for action, marketing strategies, coalition building, challenging evidence, and engaging in public-private partnerships (PPPs). The effectiveness of the soda tax was highly debated and resulted in public polarization, although the framing of the outcomes was instrumental in influencing fiscal policies elsewhere. This study contributes to the debate around implementing fiscal policies for health and how power is exercised and framed in the agenda-setting phase of policy development. The article examines how the F&BI sought to influence the national strategy for obesity prevention. It argues that the experience of the soda tax campaign empowered policy advocates, strengthening national and international civil society networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Lock
- Faculty of Public Health and Health Policy, Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Hawkins
- Faculty of Public Health and Health Policy, Global Health Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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18
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Enriquez-Martinez OG, Martins MCT, Pereira TSS, Pacheco SOS, Pacheco FJ, Lopez KV, Huancahuire-Vega S, Silva DA, Mora-Urda AI, Rodriguez-Vásquez M, Montero López MP, Molina MCB. Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain. Front Nutr 2021; 8:671004. [PMID: 34150828 PMCID: PMC8206276 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.671004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate changes in dietary and lifestyle habits during the period of confinement due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-American countries. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 6,325 participants of both genders (68% women), over 18 years of age and from five countries: Brazil (N = 2,171), Argentina (N = 1,111), Peru (N = 1,174), Mexico (N = 686), and Spain (N = 1,183). Data were collected during the year 2020, between April 01 and June 30 in Spain and between July 13 and September 26, in the other countries studied using a self-administered online survey designed for the assessment of sociodemographic, employment, physical activity, health status, and dietary habits changes. Most participants (61.6%), mainly those from Spain, remained constant, without improving or worsening their pattern of food consumption. Among those who changed, a pattern of better eating choices prevailed (22.7%) in comparison with those who changed toward less healthy choices (15.7%). Argentina and Brazil showed the highest proportion of changes toward a healthier pattern of food consumption. Peruvians and Mexicans were less likely to make healthy changes in food consumption (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.4-0.6 and OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.4-0.8, respectively), when compared to Argentinians. Most respondents did not change their pattern of meal consumption, but those who did reduced their consumption of main meals and increased intake of small meals and snacks. Although most participants affirmed to be doing physical activity at home, about one-half reported perception of weight gain. Individuals with alterations in sleep pattern (either by increasing or decreasing sleep time) were more likely to change their diets to a healthier pattern. In contrast, individuals with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and those who reported feeling anxious were more likely to perform changes to a less healthy eating pattern (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.2-2.3 and OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.1-1.4, respectively). In conclusion, although most participants remained constant in their eating habits, lifestyle changes and anxiety feelings were reported. Among those who changed patterns of food consumption, healthier choices prevailed, with differences between countries. However, there were alterations in the distribution of meals, with higher consumption of snacks and small meals. These results can be used to guide policies to prevent deleterious consequences that may affect the incidence of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar G Enriquez-Martinez
- Public Health Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Marcia C T Martins
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Entre Ríos, Argentina.,Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Entre Ríos, Argentina.,Master in Science of Human Motricity, Adventist University of Chile, Chillán, Chile
| | - Taisa S S Pereira
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Sandaly O S Pacheco
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Entre Ríos, Argentina.,Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Fabio J Pacheco
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Entre Ríos, Argentina.,Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Karen V Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Salomon Huancahuire-Vega
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Medicine, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Daniela A Silva
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Ana I Mora-Urda
- Biology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mery Rodriguez-Vásquez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Medicine, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Maria C B Molina
- Public Health Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.,Health and Nutrition Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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19
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Aguilar A, Gutierrez E, Seira E. The effectiveness of sin food taxes: Evidence from Mexico. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 77:102455. [PMID: 33894643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We measure the effect of a large nationwide tax reform on sugar-added drinks and caloric-dense food introduced in Mexico in 2014. Using scanner data containing weekly purchases of 47,973 barcodes by 8,130 households and an RD design, we find that calories purchased from taxed drinks and taxed food decreased respectively by 2.7% and 3%. However, this was compensated by increases from untaxed categories, such that total calories purchased did not change. We find increases in cholesterol (12.6%), sodium (5.8%), saturated fat (3.1%), carbohydrates (2%), and proteins (3.8%).
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20
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Della Corte K, Fife J, Gardner A, Murphy BL, Kleis L, Della Corte D, Schwingshackl L, LeCheminant JD, Buyken AE. World trends in sugar-sweetened beverage and dietary sugar intakes in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:274-288. [PMID: 32984896 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a systematic overview of world dietary sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake trends in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library were searched through January 2019 to identify longitudinal follow-up studies with time-trend data and repeated cross-sectional studies. DATA EXTRACTION Data from studies reporting ≥ 2 measurements (sugars, SSB, or sweets/candy) over ≥ 2 years and included ≥ 20 healthy, normal- or overweight children or adolescents aged 1-19 years. DATA ANALYSIS Data from 43 articles (n = 4 prospective cohort studies; n = 39 repeated cross-sectional studies) from 15 countries (n = 8 European countries plus Australia, Canada, China, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, and the United States) are presented narratively. According to the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool, 34 studies were judged to have a moderate risk of bias, and 5 to have a serious risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Consumption among US children and adolescents increased substantially in the decades preceding 2000, followed by a faster and continued decline. As a whole, other international intake trends did not reveal drastic increases and decreases in SSB and dietary sugars; they tended to change only slightly across 3 decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Della Corte
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jessica Fife
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Alexis Gardner
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Britta L Murphy
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Linda Kleis
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dennis Della Corte
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - James D LeCheminant
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
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21
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Hernández-F M, Cantoral A, Colchero MA. Taxes to Unhealthy Food and Beverages and Oral Health in Mexico: An Observational Study. Caries Res 2021; 55:183-192. [PMID: 33853058 DOI: 10.1159/000515223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2014, taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and nonessential energy-dense food were implemented in Mexico to discourage the consumption of these products. Published evaluations have shown reductions in purchases of taxed food and beverages associated with the implementation of this fiscal policy. Although there are some studies on the impact on health based on simulation studies, no evaluations with empirical data on changes in oral health have been published. We used administrative records and data from an epidemiological surveillance system to estimate changes in (1) outpatient visits related to dental caries; (2) having experienced dental caries: Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) >0 for permanent dentition or dmft >0 for primary dentition (dmft); (3) number of teeth with caries experience (DMFT and dmft), (4) cases with DMFT >0 or dmft >0, and (5) the series of mean DMFT or dmft, associated with the taxes. We estimated probit and negative binomial models for outcomes at individual level, and interrupted time series analysis for population-level outcomes. The implementation of the taxes was associated with negative changes in the trends of outpatient visits, as well as for cases with DMFT >0, dmft >0 and mean DMFT. Taxes were also associated with a lower probability of having experienced dental caries and with a lower number of teeth with caries experience in the samples studied. Our results suggest positive impacts of the implementation of taxes on unhealthy food and beverages in the oral health of Mexicans, which are the first health benefits observed, and add to the health benefits predicted by modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Hernández-F
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - M Arantxa Colchero
- Center for Health Systems Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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22
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Arias-Gastélum M, Lindberg NM, Leo MC, Bruening M, Whisner CM, Der Ananian C, Hooker SP, LeBlanc ES, Stevens VJ, Shuster E, Meenan RT, Gille S, Vaughn KA, Turner A, Vega-López S. Dietary Patterns with Healthy and Unhealthy Traits Among Overweight/Obese Hispanic Women with or at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 8:293-303. [PMID: 32495304 PMCID: PMC10754237 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hispanic women are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), with obesity and unhealthy eating being important contributing factors. A cross-sectional design was used in this study to identify dietary patterns and their associations with diabetes risk factors. Participants completed a culturally adapted Food Frequency Questionnaire capturing intake over the prior 3 months. Overweight/obese Hispanic women (n = 191) with or at risk for T2D were recruited from a community clinic into a weight loss intervention. Only baseline data was used for this analysis. Dietary patterns and their association with diabetes risk factors (age, body mass index, abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose [FBG], and hemoglobin A1c). An exploratory factor analysis of dietary data adjusted for energy intake was used to identify eating patterns, and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) to assess the association of the eating patterns with the diabetes risk factors. Six meaningful patterns with healthful and unhealthful traits emerged: (1) sugar and fat-laden, (2) plant foods and fish, (3) soups and starchy dishes, (4) meats and snacks, (5) beans and grains, and (6) eggs and dairy. Scores for the "sugar and fat-laden" and "meats and snacks" patterns were negatively associated with age (r = - 0.230, p = 0.001 and r = - 0.298, p < 0.001, respectively). Scores for "plant foods and fish" were positively associated with FBG (r = 0.152, p = 0.037). Being younger may be an important risk factor for a diet rich in sugar and fat; this highlights the need to assess dietary patterns among younger Hispanic women to identify traits potentially detrimental for their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Arias-Gastélum
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Nangel M Lindberg
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Cheryl Der Ananian
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Steven P Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Erin S LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Victor J Stevens
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shuster
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Richard T Meenan
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Sara Gille
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | | | - Ann Turner
- Virginia Garcia Memoria Health Center, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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23
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Changes in food intake from 1999 to 2012 among Mexican children and women. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:278-288. [PMID: 33715649 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100088x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that intake of sugary drinks in Mexico has increased, while intake of whole milk has decreased. Yet, in-depth analyses of the changes in solid foods, overall and in specific generations and urban/rural subpopulation, are scarce. We aimed to analyse changes in solid foods intake in Mexican children, adolescent girls and adult women through a single 24-h dietary recall from the Mexican Nutrition Survey 1999 (n 5627) and 2012 (n 6712). Foods were classified into twenty-two healthy and unhealthy food groups without considering beverages. We estimated the crude and adjusted change in the energy contribution of solid foods by age group and birth cohort and tested if the changes differed by urban/rural area. The contribution of fruits, vegetables and unsweetened dairy increased, while sweet bread from bakery decreased. However, the total contribution of healthy food groups (67-70 % kj in 1999) decreased -4·3 and -7·2 percentage points (pp) (P < 0·05) among children and adolescents, respectively, but only -1·7 pp (P > 0·05) among adult women. Likewise, those born in 1980-1984 changed little in comparison with those born in 1993-1997, and there were greater increases in unhealthy foods in urban compared with rural areas. In conclusion, from 1999 to 2012, there were negative changes in the intake of foods, specifically healthy foods, which mainly affected Mexican youth. These findings, along with previous reports on the increased intake of sugary drinks in the same population, that emphasise the need to reinforce strategies aimed at improving dietary intake of the Mexican population need to be reinforced.
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Rocha LL, Pessoa MC, Gratão LHA, do Carmo AS, Cunha CDF, de Oliveira TRPR, Mendes LL. Health behavior patterns of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Brazilian adolescents in a nationally representative school-based study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245203. [PMID: 33411845 PMCID: PMC7790385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption patterns can help in the individual and population level management of chronic non-communicable diseases and other conditions. This study aimed to identify the association between health behavior patterns and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among Brazilian adolescents from a nationally representative school-based study. A cross-sectional study analyzed data from 71,553 adolescents aged 12-17 years who attended public and private schools in Brazilian cities, from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents. Principal component analysis was performed to identify health behavior patterns, and ordered logistic regression was performed to identify the association between health behavior patterns and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (mL/day) was used as the dependent variable. The analyses were performed using Stata software version 14.0 with a significance level of 0.05. Patterns 2 (alcoholic beverage and smoking habit) and 3 (ultra-processed food and screen time) of health behaviors and regularly purchasing snacks in the school cafeteria increased the odds of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, while pattern 1 (water, unprocessed and minimally processed food and physical activity) decreased these odds. The adoption of healthy habits can indirectly stimulate the adoption of other habits beneficial to health. These results indicate the importance of adopting a set of regulatory measures to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lara Rocha
- Pediatrics Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milene Cristine Pessoa
- Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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Vanderlee L, White CM, Kirkpatrick SI, Rynard VL, Jáuregui A, Adams J, Sacks G, Hammond D. Nonalcoholic and Alcoholic Beverage Intakes by Adults across 5 Upper-Middle- and High-Income Countries. J Nutr 2021; 151:140-151. [PMID: 33245111 PMCID: PMC7779239 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable public health interest in sugary drink consumption, there has been little comparison of intake across countries. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the consumption frequency and amounts of commonly consumed beverages among adults in 5 upper-middle- and high-income countries, and examine differences in consumption between population subgroups. METHODS Adults aged 18-65 y completed online surveys in December 2017 in Australia (n = 3264), Canada (n = 2745), Mexico (n = 3152), the United Kingdom (n = 3221), and the USA (n = 4015) as part of the International Food Policy Study. The frequency of consuming beverages from 22 categories in the past 7 d was estimated using the Beverage Frequency Questionnaire. Regression models were used to examine differences in the likelihood of any consumption and in the amounts consumed of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), sugary drinks (SSBs and 100% juice), diet, and alcoholic beverages between countries and across sociodemographic subgroups. RESULTS The prevalence of reported SSB consumption in the past 7 d ranged from 47% (United Kingdom) to 81% (Mexico), and that of sugary drinks ranged from 62% (United Kingdom) to 87% (Mexico). Rates of consumption of diet drinks ranged from 26% (Mexico) to 37% (United Kingdom), whereas alcoholic drink consumption rates ranged from 45% (USA) to 52% (Canada). Respondents in Mexico were more likely to consume SSBs and sugary drinks, and in greater amounts, than those in other countries. Respondents in the United Kingdom were more likely to consume diet drinks than those in Australia, Canada, and Mexico, and greater amounts of diet drinks were consumed in the United Kingdom and the USA. Across countries, younger respondents and males were more likely to consume greater amounts of SSBs and sugary drinks. CONCLUSIONS Most adult respondents across all countries consumed SSBs and sugary drinks, with greater consumption in Mexico and the USA. Consumption varied greatly across countries, but patterns of association among subpopulations were relatively similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vanderlee
- NUTRISS Centre, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M White
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicki L Rynard
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Centre for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Ultraprocessed beverages and processed meats increase the incidence of hypertension in Mexican women. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:600-611. [PMID: 33148348 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Higher intake of ultraprocessed foods (UPF), which have undergone multiple processes and have poor nutrient quality, is associated with higher incidence of non-communicable diseases. Yet, its association with hypertension has scarcely been studied, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We aimed to estimate the associations between consumption of UPF (total, liquid and solid) and UPF subgroups and incident hypertension in a prospective cohort study. We used data from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort including 64 934 disease-free women aged ≥25 years at baseline. We assessed baseline usual dietary intake using a validated FFQ, and each item was categorised according to NOVA, a degree of food processing classification system. UPF and UPF subgroups were categorised according to the distribution of their contribution to total energy intake. Hypertension was self-reported. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their 95 % CI. During a median follow-up of 2·2 years, we identified 3752 incident cases of hypertension. Mean contribution of UPF to total energy intake was 29·8 (SD 9·4) % energy (23·4 (SD 8·9) % solid, 6·4 (SD 4·8) % liquid). Comparing extreme categories showed that higher total and solid UPF consumptions were not associated with incident hypertension (IRR 0·96, 95 % CI 0·79, 1·16; IRR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·82, 1·01, respectively). However, liquid UPF and processed meats were associated with increased hypertension (IRR 1·32, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·65; IRR 1·17, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·36, respectively). Addressing intake of liquid UPF and processed meats may help in managing hypertension in LMIC.
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27
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Fan H, Zhang X. Clustering of Poor Dietary Habits among Adolescents Aged 12 to 15 Years in 52 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186806. [PMID: 32961893 PMCID: PMC7558942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Very few studies have reported the co-occurrence of poor dietary habits. We thus aimed to estimate the co-occurrence of poor dietary habits in adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data were obtained from the Global School-Based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) from 2009 to 2017. The suboptimal dietary factors included fast food consumption, carbonated soft drink consumption, and low fruit and vegetable intake, which were assessed with a questionnaire survey. We calculated the corresponding country-specific prevalence with the number of suboptimal dietary factors. We also calculated pooled estimates across countries using a meta-analysis with random-effects. Our study included 145,021 adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age from 52 LMICs. The prevalence of fast food consumption, carbonated soft drink consumption, and low fruit and vegetable intake ranged from 20.9% in Pakistan to 80.0% in Thailand, from 22.4% in Kiribati to 79.3% in Suriname, and from 45.9% in Vanuatu to 90.7% in Nepal, respectively. The prevalence of exposure to two or three suboptimal dietary factors varied greatly across countries, ranging from 31.8% in Pakistan to 53.8% in Nepal and from 8.6% in Vietnam to 36.4% in Suriname, respectively. The pooled prevalence of exposure to two or three suboptimal dietary factors was 41.8% and 20.0%, respectively. Our findings indicate that poor dietary habits are frequent and tend to co-occur in adolescents in LMICs. Country-specific policies and programs are needed to address these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Applied Biostatistics Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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28
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Rivera-Paredez B, Torres-Ibarra L, González-Morales R, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Hernández-López R, Ramírez P, León-Maldonado L, Velázquez-Cruz R, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Salmerón J. Cumulative soft drink consumption is associated with insulin resistance in Mexican adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:661-668. [PMID: 32597932 PMCID: PMC7458769 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other cardiometabolic diseases. Recent studies suggest that soft drink consumption could increase IR. However, inconsistent findings have been observed. OBJECTIVE The aim was to estimate the association between the cumulative consumption of soft drinks and IR by means of the HOMA-IR in Mexican adults. METHODS We analyzed the association between cumulative consumption of soft drinks and HOMA-IR change after 7 y of follow-up in participants (n = 1073) of the Health Workers Cohort Study. Soft drink consumption was estimated by food-frequency questionnaires. Insulin was measured by chemiluminescence, and fasting glucose was measured with the enzymatic colorimetric method. HOMA-IR was computed as fasting insulin (mIU/L) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5. To assess the relation between cumulative soft drink consumption and HOMA-IR change, we performed robust linear regression models. Additionally, we used fixed-effects models to estimate the association between changes in soft drink consumption and change in HOMA-IR. RESULTS At baseline, the average age was 44 y. Mean cumulative soft drink consumption was 0.42 servings/d. Median HOMA-IR increased from 1.5 at baseline to 2.0 at follow-up. Soft drink consumption was positively associated with HOMA-IR change. In the multiple linear regression analysis, for each increase in the consumption of 2 (355 mL) soft drinks/d, the average change between baseline and follow-up HOMA-IR showed an increase of 1.11 units (95% CI: 0.74, 1.48). CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that, in Mexican adults, a higher soft drink consumption is associated with an increase in HOMA-IR, despite known risk factors. These findings support the need for reinforcing policies to reduce soft drink consumption in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Center for Research in Policies, Population and Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Torres-Ibarra
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Romina González-Morales
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Rubí Hernández-López
- Subgerencia Técnica del Plan de Salud, Gerencia de Administración del Plan de Salud, Dirección General de Administración, Banco de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paula Ramírez
- Epidemiological Research and Health Services Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Leith León-Maldonado
- CONACYT–Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Salmerón
- Center for Research in Policies, Population and Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:863. [PMID: 32982666 PMCID: PMC7483585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin-melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, BDNF, TrkB, etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene-environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenómica, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Yael Efren Díaz-López
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez,”Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez,”Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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30
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Torres-Álvarez R, Barrán-Zubaran R, Canto-Osorio F, Sánchez-Romero LM, Camacho-García-Formentí D, Popkin BM, Rivera JA, Meza R, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T. Body weight impact of the sugar-sweetened beverages tax in Mexican children: A modeling study. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12636. [PMID: 32282131 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, a 10% tax to sugar-sweetened beverages was implemented in 2014. Projections of the potential health effect of this tax in children are not available. OBJECTIVE To estimate the 1-year effect of the tax on the body weight of children 5 to 17 years old, and estimated alternative scenarios with higher tax rates (20%, 30%, and 40%). METHODS We used a dynamical mathematical model, recalibrated to the Mexican population. Input data were obtained from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 and 2012. We estimated the expected average weight reduction, stratified by category of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption. RESULTS With a 10% tax, we estimated an overall weight reduction of 0.26 kg for children and 0.61 kg for adolescents; in high consumers, the reduction could reach 0.50 and 0.87 kg, respectively. Higher tax rates would produce larger weight decreases; in high consumers a 40% tax would result in a reduction of 1.99 kg for children and 3.50 kg for adolescents. CONCLUSION The tax represents an effective component of any child or adolescent weight control program, and must be considered as part of any integrated population-level program for children and adolescent obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Torres-Álvarez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Barrán-Zubaran
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Francisco Canto-Osorio
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Luz M Sánchez-Romero
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Barry M Popkin
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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31
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Vázquez-Moreno M, Mejía-Benítez A, Sharma T, Peralta-Romero J, Locia-Morales D, Klünder-Klünder M, Cruz M, Meyre D. Association of AMY1A/AMY2A copy numbers and AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity with obesity in Mexican children. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12641. [PMID: 32314532 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexican children are characterized by a high-starch intake diet and high prevalence of obesity. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of AMY1A/AMY2A copy numbers (CNs) and AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity with childhood obesity in up to 427 and 337 Mexican cases and controls. METHODS Anthropometric and dietary starch intake data were collected. CN of AMY1A/AMY2A and AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity were determined using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and enzymatic colorimetry, respectively. An individual participant level data meta-analysis of association between AMY1A CNVs and obesity was also performed. RESULTS A positive association between AMY1A/AMY2A CNs and their corresponding AMY1/AMY2 serum enzyme activity was observed in children with normal weight and obesity. The serum enzyme activity of AMY1 and AMY2 was negatively associated with childhood obesity risk, and the association was restricted to kids eating medium/high amount of starch (Pinteraction = .004). While no association between AMY1A and AMY2A CNs and childhood obesity was observed in our sample, we confirmed a significant association between AMY1A CN and obesity in a meta-analysis of 3100 Mexican children. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that genetically determined salivary and pancreatic amylase activity can increase/decrease the risk of obesity in Mexican children, this effect being blunted by a low-starch diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Vázquez-Moreno
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aurora Mejía-Benítez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tanmay Sharma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jesús Peralta-Romero
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Locia-Morales
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Departamento de Investigación en Salud Comunitaria, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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- Instituto Mexicano del seguro social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Qin P, Li Q, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Sun X, Liu Y, Li H, Wang T, Chen X, Zhou Q, Guo C, Zhang D, Tian G, Liu D, Qie R, Han M, Huang S, Wu X, Li Y, Feng Y, Yang X, Hu F, Hu D, Zhang M. Sugar and artificially sweetened beverages and risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:655-671. [PMID: 32529512 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) has increasingly been linked with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and all-cause mortality, evidence remains conflicted and dose-response meta-analyses of the associations are lacking. We conducted an updated meta-analysis to synthesize the knowledge about their associations and to explore their dose-response relations. We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Open Grey up to September 2019 for prospective cohort studies investigating the associations in adults. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the dose-response association. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate linear/non-linear relations. We included 39 articles in the meta-analysis. For each 250-mL/d increase in SSB and ASB intake, the risk increased by 12% (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.19, I2 = 67.7%) and 21% (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.35, I2 = 47.2%) for obesity, 19% (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.13-1.25, I2 = 82.4%) and 15% (RR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26, I2 = 92.6%) for T2DM, 10% (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.14, I2 = 58.4%) and 8% (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.10, I2 = 24.3%) for hypertension, and 4% (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, I2 = 58.0%) and 6% (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10, I2 = 80.8%) for all-cause mortality. For SSBs, restricted cubic splines showed linear associations with risk of obesity (Pnon-linearity = 0.359), T2DM (Pnon-linearity = 0.706), hypertension (Pnon-linearity = 0.510) and all-cause mortality (Pnon-linearity = 0.259). For ASBs, we found linear associations with risk of obesity (Pnon-linearity = 0.299) and T2DM (Pnon-linearity = 0.847) and non-linear associations with hypertension (Pnon-linearity = 0.019) and all-cause mortality (Pnon-linearity = 0.048). Increased consumption of SSBs and ASBs is associated with risk of obesity, T2DM, hypertension, and all-cause mortality. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because the present analyses were based on only cohort but not intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanman Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghui Li
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiang Wang
- Key Lab of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Key Lab of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionggui Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Tian
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechen Liu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Qie
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Han
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbing Huang
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Feng
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjin Yang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Ortega AN, Pintor JK, Langellier BA, Bustamante AV, Young MEDT, Prelip ML, Alberto CK, Wallace SP. Cardiovascular disease behavioral risk factors among Latinos by citizenship and documentation status. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:629. [PMID: 32375729 PMCID: PMC7204048 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have observed that recent Latino immigrants tend to have a physical health advantage compared to immigrants who have been in the US for many years or Latinos who are born in the United States. An explanation of this phenomenon is that recent immigrants have positive health behaviors that protect them from chronic disease risk. This study aims to determine if trends in positive cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk behaviors extend to Latino immigrants in California according to citizenship and documentation status. Methods We examined CVD behavioral risk factors by citizenship/documentation statuses among Latinos and non-Latino US-born whites in the 2011–2015 waves of the California Health Interview Survey. Adjusted multivariable logistic regressions estimated the odds for CVD behavioral risk factors, and analyses were stratified by sex. Results In adjusted analyses, using US-born Latinos as the reference group, undocumented Latino immigrants had the lowest odds of current smoking, binge drinking, and frequency of fast food consumption. There were no differences across the groups for fruit/vegetable intake and walking for leisure. Among those with high blood pressure, undocumented immigrants were least likely to be on medication. Undocumented immigrant women had better patterns of CVD behavioral risk factors on some measures compared with other Latino citizenship and documentation groups. Conclusions This study observes that the healthy Latino immigrant advantage seems to apply to undocumented female immigrants, but it does not necessarily extend to undocumented male immigrants who had similar behavioral risk profiles to US-born Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Ortega
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | | | - Brent A Langellier
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Michael L Prelip
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Cinthya K Alberto
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven P Wallace
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Vázquez-Moreno M, Zeng H, Locia-Morales D, Peralta-Romero J, Asif H, Maharaj A, Tam V, Romero-Figueroa MDS, Sosa-Bustamante GP, Méndez-Martínez S, Mejía-Benítez A, Valladares-Salgado A, Wacher-Rodarte N, Cruz M, Meyre D. The Melanocortin 4 Receptor p.Ile269Asn Mutation Is Associated with Childhood and Adult Obesity in Mexicans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5679482. [PMID: 31841602 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rare partial/complete loss-of-function mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene are the most common cause of Mendelian obesity in European populations, but their contribution to obesity in the Mexican population is unclear. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN We investigated whether deleterious mutations in MC4R contribute to obesity in Mexican children and adults. RESULTS We provide evidence that the MC4R p.Ile269Asn (rs79783591) mutation may have arisen in modern human populations from a founder event in native Mexicans. The MC4R Isoleucine 269 is perfectly conserved across 184 species, which suggests a critical role for the amino acid in MC4R activity. Four in silico tools (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, CADD, MutPred2) predicted a deleterious impact of the p.Ile269Asn substitution on MC4R function. The MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation was associated with childhood (Ncontrols = 952, Ncases = 661, odds ratio (OR) = 3.06, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) [1.94-4.85]) and adult obesity (Ncontrols = 1445, Ncases = 2,487, OR = 2.58, 95%CI [1.52-4.39]). The frequency of the MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation ranged from 0.52 to 0.59% and 1.53 to 1.59% in children and adults with normal weight and obesity, respectively. The MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation co-segregated perfectly with obesity in 5 multigenerational Mexican pedigrees. While adults with obesity carrying the p.Ile269Asn mutation had higher BMI values than noncarriers, this trend was not observed in children. The MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation accounted for a population attributable risk of 1.28% and 0.68% for childhood and adult obesity, respectively, in the Mexican population. CONCLUSION The MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation may have emerged as a founder mutation in native Mexicans and is associated with childhood and adult obesity in the modern Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Vázquez-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Helen Zeng
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniel Locia-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesús Peralta-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hamza Asif
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Arjuna Maharaj
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vivian Tam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - María D S Romero-Figueroa
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, México
| | | | - Socorro Méndez-Martínez
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Aurora Mejía-Benítez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Adan Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Niels Wacher-Rodarte
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Especialidades Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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High sugar-sweetened beverage intake frequency is associated with smoking, irregular meal intake and higher serum uric acid in Taiwanese adolescents. J Nutr Sci 2020; 9:e7. [PMID: 32166022 PMCID: PMC7054303 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Types of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) can differ greatly between countries, with greater consumption of sweetened tea in Asia. This study aimed to understand changes in SSB consumption by adolescents in Taiwan over 18 years and their association with demographic characteristics and clinical outcome. This study used survey data from the 1993-1996 and 2010-2011 Nutrition and Health Surveys in Taiwan. Participants were high school students aged 13 to 18 years. Data were weighted and analysed using SUDAAN 11.0 and SAS 9.4. Participants were asked about intake frequencies of SSB and were grouped into four different SSB intake groups based on the combination of high or low frequency (including moderate frequency) of intake of sweetened tea and soda/sports/energy drinks. Results indicated over 99 % of teens reported having at least one SSB in the past week. Smoking status was significantly associated with SSB intake types with high tea intake (high tea and low soda (HL) group, OR 7·56, P < 0·001; high tea and high soda (HH) group, OR 9·96, P < 0·001). After adjustment for potential confounders, adolescents in the low tea and high soda (LH) group (β = 0·05, P = 0·034) had significantly higher mean serum uric acid values. In conclusion, sugary tea remains the SSB of choice for Taiwanese adolescents. Those with a frequent intake of soda/sports/energy drinks had a higher chance of being hyperuricaemic.
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Fontes AS, Pallottini AC, Vieira DADS, Fontanelli MDM, Marchioni DM, Cesar CLG, Alves MCGP, Goldbaum M, Fisberg RM. Demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake: a population-based study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2020; 23:e200003. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) varies according to the characteristics of the population. Objective: To investigate the SSB intake and demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with its consumption in adolescents, adults, and older adults in São Paulo. Methods: Data were drawn from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study including 1,662 individuals aged 12 years or more. SSB were classified into six groups: sugar-sweetened sodas, sweetened coffee and tea, sweetened milk and dairy products, sweetened fruit juice, sweetened fruit drink, and total SSB. The association of each group with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables was assessed using linear regression models. Results: The mean SSB intake was 668.4 mL in adolescents, 502.6 mL in adults, and 358.2 mL in elderly adults. Sodas and sweetened coffee and tea represented had the greatest contribution to energy intake. SSB consumption was lower among female sex and higher among overweight adolescents, among sufficiently active adults, and among lower household per capita income older adults. Consumption of SSB was high, particularly among adolescents. Public policies are required in order to decrease the consumption of these beverages. Conclusion: Age group, sex, household per capita income, and body mass index status were associated with SSB intake.
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López-Olmedo N, Popkin BM, Taillie LS. Association between socioeconomic status and diet quality in Mexican men and women: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224385. [PMID: 31644595 PMCID: PMC6808430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining the potential differences in diet quality among socioeconomic status (SES) subgroups in Mexican adults may help to explain SES disparities in the burden of non-communicable diseases. We determined the association between SES, gender and diet quality among Mexican adults. We analyzed data from adults participating in the subsample with dietary information from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (n = 2,400), and developed the Mexican Diet Quality Index based on the Mexican Dietary Guidelines. We tested the interaction between sex and SES indicators using multivariable linear regression models. Sex was not a modifier; therefore, the analyses were carried out in the overall sample of men and women. The mean age was 42 (SE = 0.4) years, the total diet quality score was 38 (SE = 0.4), and a high percentage of men and women were classified with reading/writing skills or 3-9 years of school. A higher percentage of adults were classified with high versus medium or low assets index. In the multivariable model further adjusted for the assets index, for adults with education in the reading and/or 3-9 years of schooling and those with ≥10 years of school, there was a 3.7 and 5.8 points lower total diet quality score than with adults with no reading/writing skills (p < 0.05). Likewise, in multivariable model further adjusted for educational level, the total diet quality score was 2.5 points and 3.3 points lower in adults classified with medium and high assets index, respectively, versus low assets index (p < 0.05). The difference between individuals with medium and high assets index was not statistically significant. Although there is currently better diet quality among adults with low SES, this needs to continue to be monitored as Mexico progress through the nutrition transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy López-Olmedo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United Stated of America
| | - Barry M. Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United Stated of America
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United Stated of America
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Mendoza-Herrera K, Pedroza-Tobías A, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Ávila-Burgos L, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Barquera S. Attributable Burden and Expenditure of Cardiovascular Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Mexico and other Selected Mega-Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4041. [PMID: 31652519 PMCID: PMC6843962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes the health and economic burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Mexico and other mega-countries through a review of literature and datasets. METHODS Mega-countries with a low (Nigeria), middle (India), high (China/Brazil/Mexico), and very high (the U.S.A./Japan) human development index were included. The review was focused on prevalence of dyslipidemias and CVD economic impact and conducted according to the PRISMA statement. Public datasets of CVD indicators were explored. RESULTS Heterogeneity in economic data and limited information on dyslipidemias were found. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were higher in Mexico compared with other countries. Higher contribution of dietary risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and greater probability of dying prematurely from CVD were observed in developing countries. From 1990-2016, a greater decrease in cardiovascular mortality in developed countries was registered. In 2015, a CVD expense equivalent to 4% of total health expenditure was reported in Mexico. CVD ranked first in health expenditures in almost all these nations and the economic burden will remain significant for decades to come. CONCLUSIONS Resources should be assured to optimize CVD risk monitoring. Educational and medical models must be improved to enhance CVD diagnosis and the prescription and adherence to treatments. Long-term benefits could be attained by modifying the food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Mendoza-Herrera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico.
| | - Andrea Pedroza-Tobías
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - César Hernández-Alcaraz
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Ávila-Burgos
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico.
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabolicas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico.
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Trends in sugary drinks in Canada, 2004 to 2015: a comparison of market sales and dietary intake data. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2723-2728. [PMID: 31270002 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the correspondence between sales data and dietary recall data for sugary drinks in Canada. DESIGN Repeat cross-sectional analysis of sales data for sugary drinks sold in Canada from 2004 to 2015 from two sources: GlobalData (GD) and Euromonitor (EM). Sugary drinks included ten beverage categories containing free sugars. Analyses examined sales volumes over time, with adjustment for population growth. National intake estimates were drawn from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Nutrition. SETTING Canada. PARTICIPANTS Not applicable. RESULTS In 2015, daily per capita sugary drinks consumption was estimated as 356 ml (GD) and 443 ml (EM) from sales data sources, and as 277 ml from dietary recall data. Both sales data sources and dietary recall data indicated that per capita sugary drinks consumption decreased from 2004 to 2015, although the magnitude of this change differed: -23 % (GD), -17 % (EM) and -32 % (CCHS Nutrition). Market sales data showed similar trends among categories of sugary drinks, with decreases in sales of traditional beverage categories (e.g. carbonated soft drinks) and increases in novel categories (e.g. sugar-sweetened coffee). CONCLUSIONS All data sources indicate a declining trend in sugary drinks consumption between 2004 and 2015, but with considerable differences in magnitude. Consumption estimates from sales data were substantially higher than estimates from dietary recall data, likely due to under-reporting of beverage intake through dietary recall and the inability of sales data to account for beverages sold but not consumed. Despite the observed decline, sugary drinks sales volumes remain high in Canada.
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Riley MD, Hendrie GA, Baird DL. Drink Choice is Important: Beverages Make a Substantial Contribution to Energy, Sugar, Calcium and Vitamin C Intake among Australians. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061389. [PMID: 31226860 PMCID: PMC6627926 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand the role of beverages in population dietary intake in order to give relevant advice. Population estimates were derived from one-day food recall dietary data from 12,153 participants in the 2011–2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Almost all Australians (99.9%) consumed at least one beverage on the day of the survey, accounting for 16.6% of the total energy intake for adults (aged 19 years and over) and 13.0% for children (aged 2–18 years). Similarly, beverages contributed 26–29% to calcium intake, 22–28% to vitamin C intake, and 35–36% to sugar intake. Water was consumed on the day of the survey by 84.1% of Australian adults and 90.5% of children. For adults, the greatest beverage contributors to total energy intake were alcoholic drinks (5.6%), coffee (3.1%), and soft drinks (1.9%), and for children, plain milk (3.1%), flavoured milk (2.8%), and fruit juice (2.6%). Coffee (10.6%) made the greatest contribution to calcium intake for adults; and plain milk (9.9%) and flavoured milk (7.6%) for children. The greatest contributors to vitamin C intake were fruit juice (13.4%) and alcoholic drinks (6.1%) for adults; and fruit juice (23.4%) for children. For total sugar intake, soft drinks (8.0%), coffee (8.4%), and fruit juice (5.9%) made the highest contribution for adults; and fruit juice (9.8%) and soft drinks (8.7%) for children. The type and amount of beverage consumption has considerable relevance to dietary quality for Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm D Riley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Gilly A Hendrie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Danielle L Baird
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia.
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von Philipsborn P, Stratil JM, Burns J, Busert LK, Pfadenhauer LM, Polus S, Holzapfel C, Hauner H, Rehfuess E. Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 6:CD012292. [PMID: 31194900 PMCID: PMC6564085 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012292.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated as a means to reduce the consumption of SSB. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of environmental interventions (excluding taxation) on the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-sweetened milk, diet-related anthropometric measures and health outcomes, and on any reported unintended consequences or adverse outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched 11 general, specialist and regional databases from inception to 24 January 2018. We also searched trial registers, reference lists and citations, scanned websites of relevant organisations, and contacted study authors. SELECTION CRITERIA We included studies on interventions implemented at an environmental level, reporting effects on direct or indirect measures of SSB intake, diet-related anthropometric measures and health outcomes, or any reported adverse outcome. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised controlled trials (NRCTs), controlled before-after (CBA) and interrupted-time-series (ITS) studies, implemented in real-world settings with a combined length of intervention and follow-up of at least 12 weeks and at least 20 individuals in each of the intervention and control groups. We excluded studies in which participants were administered SSB as part of clinical trials, and multicomponent interventions which did not report SSB-specific outcome data. We excluded studies on the taxation of SSB, as these are the subject of a separate Cochrane Review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the risks of bias of included studies. We classified interventions according to the NOURISHING framework, and synthesised results narratively and conducted meta-analyses for two outcomes relating to two intervention types. We assessed our confidence in the certainty of effect estimates with the GRADE framework as very low, low, moderate or high, and presented 'Summary of findings' tables. MAIN RESULTS We identified 14,488 unique records, and assessed 1030 in full text for eligibility. We found 58 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, including 22 RCTs, 3 NRCTs, 14 CBA studies, and 19 ITS studies, with a total of 1,180,096 participants. The median length of follow-up was 10 months. The studies included children, teenagers and adults, and were implemented in a variety of settings, including schools, retailing and food service establishments. We judged most studies to be at high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain, and most studies used non-randomised designs. The studies examine a broad range of interventions, and we present results for these separately.Labelling interventions (8 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that traffic-light labelling is associated with decreasing sales of SSBs, and low-certainty evidence that nutritional rating score labelling is associated with decreasing sales of SSBs. For menu-board calorie labelling reported effects on SSB sales varied.Nutrition standards in public institutions (16 studies): We found low-certainty evidence that reduced availability of SSBs in schools is associated with decreased SSB consumption. We found very low-certainty evidence that improved availability of drinking water in schools and school fruit programmes are associated with decreased SSB consumption. Reported associations between improved availability of drinking water in schools and student body weight varied.Economic tools (7 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that price increases on SSBs are associated with decreasing SSB sales. For price discounts on low-calorie beverages reported effects on SSB sales varied.Whole food supply interventions (3 studies): Reported associations between voluntary industry initiatives to improve the whole food supply and SSB sales varied.Retail and food service interventions (7 studies): We found low-certainty evidence that healthier default beverages in children's menus in chain restaurants are associated with decreasing SSB sales, and moderate-certainty evidence that in-store promotion of healthier beverages in supermarkets is associated with decreasing SSB sales. We found very low-certainty evidence that urban planning restrictions on new fast-food restaurants and restrictions on the number of stores selling SSBs in remote communities are associated with decreasing SSB sales. Reported associations between promotion of healthier beverages in vending machines and SSB intake or sales varied.Intersectoral approaches (8 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that government food benefit programmes with restrictions on purchasing SSBs are associated with decreased SSB intake. For unrestricted food benefit programmes reported effects varied. We found moderate-certainty evidence that multicomponent community campaigns focused on SSBs are associated with decreasing SSB sales. Reported associations between trade and investment liberalisation and SSB sales varied.Home-based interventions (7 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that improved availability of low-calorie beverages in the home environment is associated with decreased SSB intake, and high-certainty evidence that it is associated with decreased body weight among adolescents with overweight or obesity and a high baseline consumption of SSBs.Adverse outcomes reported by studies, which may occur in some circumstances, included negative effects on revenue, compensatory SSB consumption outside school when the availability of SSBs in schools is reduced, reduced milk intake, stakeholder discontent, and increased total energy content of grocery purchases with price discounts on low-calorie beverages, among others. The certainty of evidence on adverse outcomes was low to very low for most outcomes.We analysed interventions targeting sugar-sweetened milk separately, and found low- to moderate-certainty evidence that emoticon labelling and small prizes for the selection of healthier beverages in elementary school cafeterias are associated with decreased consumption of sugar-sweetened milk. We found low-certainty evidence that improved placement of plain milk in school cafeterias is not associated with decreasing sugar-sweetened milk consumption. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence included in this review indicates that effective, scalable interventions addressing SSB consumption at a population level exist. Implementation should be accompanied by high-quality evaluations using appropriate study designs, with a particular focus on the long-term effects of approaches suitable for large-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter von Philipsborn
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Jan M Stratil
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Jacob Burns
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Laura K Busert
- University College LondonGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Lisa M Pfadenhauer
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Stephanie Polus
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- School of Medicine, Technical University of MunichInstitute of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener‐Fresenius Centre for Nutritional MedicineMunichGermany
| | - Hans Hauner
- School of Medicine, Technical University of MunichInstitute of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener‐Fresenius Centre for Nutritional MedicineMunichGermany
| | - Eva Rehfuess
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Contribute Significantly to College Students' Daily Caloric Intake in Jordan: Soft Drinks Are Not the Major Contributor. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051058. [PMID: 31083526 PMCID: PMC6566441 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) are caloric-dense and associated with poor diet quality which may result in weight gain and obesity. Obesity is an independent risk factor for several chronic diseases. This study aimed to (1) assess the consumption level of SSBs among college students in Jordan and (2) examine the relationship of consumption level to body weight. The current study is a cross-sectional study conducted on 967 college students (55.3% males and 44.7% females). Consumption of SSBs was assessed using validated questionnaires. SSBs were classified into four major categories (hot drinks, fruit drinks, energy drinks, and soft drinks). Anthropometric measurements of the participants including body weight, height, and waist circumferences were recorded. Male students consumed more calories from SSBs compared to female students (p = 0.016). The mean contribution of SSBs to daily energy intake among college students was 480 kcal with the highest contribution from sugar sweetened hot drinks and fruit drinks. A significant positive relationship was found in BMI (p = 0.006) and waist circumference (p = 0.030) for participants consuming calories from SSBs. In conclusion, beverages with added sugar contribute substantially to the daily energy intake of college students in Jordan.
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Gamba RJ, Leung CW, Petito L, Abrams B, Laraia BA. Sugar sweetened beverage consumption during pregnancy is associated with lower diet quality and greater total energy intake. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215686. [PMID: 31022225 PMCID: PMC6483237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify the socio-economic correlates of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among pregnant women and analyze to what extent SSB consumption is associated with diet quality and total energy intake. Additionally, we aim to predict how diet quality scores and totally energy intakes would change if SSB consumption was artificially set to 0. DESIGN Repeated Cross Sectional Study. SETTING United States. SUBJECTS SSB consumption was estimated from 1-2 24-hour dietary recalls from 1,154 pregnant women who participated in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS Linear regression models were used to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with SSB consumption and to assess the associations between SSB consumption and diet quality and total energy intake. Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index modified for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). RESULTS The mean SSB intake was 1.3 servings per day (sd 1.5). Having a household income ≤100% of the Federal Poverty Level, being born in the United States, and not being married or living with a partner were positively associated with SSB consumption. Every 12 oz. of SSBs consumed was associated with a 2.3 lower AHEI-P score (95% CI: 1.6, 2.9) and the consumption of 124 more calories (95% CI: 85, 163), after adjusting for age, country of birth, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, household income, survey year and day/s of the week the recall/s were collected. Our predictive models indicated that average AHEI-P would be 6.4 (5.4, 7.6) higher and average total energy intakes would be 203.5 calories (122.2, 284.8) lower if SSB intake was set to 0. CONCLUSIONS SSB consumption is associated with poorer diet quality and higher total energy intake among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Gamba
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California, United States of America
| | - Cindy W. Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lucia Petito
- Division of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara Abrams
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Laraia
- Division of Community Health and Human Development, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Dietary determinants of hepatic fat content and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children: a cross-sectional analysis of the Prevention of Diabetes in Kids (PREDIKID) study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1158-1165. [PMID: 30832745 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has increased in parallel with childhood obesity. Dietary habits, particularly products rich in sugars, may influence both hepatic fat and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). The aim of the study was to examine the association of the consumption of foods and food components, dairy desserts and substitutes (DDS), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), as well as total and added sugars, with hepatic fat and HOMA-IR. Dietary intake (two non-consecutive 24 h-recalls), hepatic fat (MRI) and HOMA-IR were assessed in 110 overweight/obese children (10·6 (sd 1·1) years old). Linear regression analyses were used to examine the association of dietary intake with hepatic fat and HOMA-IR adjusted for potential confounders (sex, age, energy intake, maternal educational level, total and abdominal adiposity and sugar intake). The results showed that there was a negative association between cereal intake and hepatic fat (β=-0·197, P<0·05). In contrast, both SSB consumption (β=0·217; P=0·028) and sugar in SSB (β=0·210, P=0·035), but not DDS or sugar in DDS or other dietary components, were positively associated with hepatic fat regardless of potential confounders including total sugar intake. In conclusion, cereal intake might decrease hepatic fat, whereas SSB consumption and its sugar content may increase the likelihood of having hepatic steatosis. Although these observations need to be confirmed using experimental evidence, these results suggest that healthy lifestyle intervention programs are needed to improve dietary habits as well as to increase the awareness of the detrimental effects of SSB consumption early in life.
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Park H, Yu S. Policy review: Implication of tax on sugar-sweetened beverages for reducing obesity and improving heart health. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Did high sugar-sweetened beverage purchasers respond differently to the excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico? Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:750-756. [PMID: 30560754 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001800321x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in taxed and untaxed beverages by volume of beverage purchased after a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax was introduced in 2014 in Mexico. DESIGN We used household purchase data from January 2012 to December 2015. We first classified the sample into four groups based on pre-tax purchases of beverages: (i) higher purchases of taxed beverages and lower purchases of untaxed beverages (HTLU-unhealthier); (ii) higher purchases of both types of beverages (HTHU); (iii) lower purchases of taxed and untaxed beverages (LTLU); and (iv) lower purchases of taxed beverages and higher purchases of untaxed beverages (LTHU-healthier). Next, we estimated differences in purchases after the tax was implemented for each group compared with a counterfactual based on pre-tax trends using a fixed-effects model. SETTING Areas with more than 50 000 residents in Mexico.ParticipantsHouseholds (n 6089). RESULTS The HTLU-unhealthier and HTHU groups had the largest absolute and relative reductions in taxed beverages and increased their purchases of untaxed beverages. Households with lower purchases of untaxed beverages (HTLU-unhealthier and LTLU) had the largest absolute and relative increases in untaxed beverages. We also found that among households with higher purchases of taxed beverages, the group with lowest socio-economic status had the greatest reduction in purchases of taxed beverages. CONCLUSIONS Evidence associating the SSB tax with larger reductions among high purchasers of taxed beverages prior to the tax is relevant, as higher SSB purchasers have a greater risk of obesity, diabetes and other cardiometabolic outcomes.
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Essman M, Popkin BM, Corvalán C, Reyes M, Taillie LS. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake among Chilean Preschoolers and Adolescents in 2016: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111767. [PMID: 30445671 PMCID: PMC6265687 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chile has the highest sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sales of any country and a growing burden of childhood obesity. This study examines SSB intake in Chilean children after a 5% SSB tax increase in 2014 but prior to marketing, labeling, and school policies implemented in 2016. METHODS 24-h recalls were collected in 2016 from two cohorts comprised of preschoolers 3⁻5 years of age (n = 961) and adolescents 12⁻14 years of age (n = 770) from low⁻moderate income neighborhoods. Beverages were categorized as regulated or unregulated according to whether they exceeded nutrient thresholds established by the 2016 policies. RESULTS Preschoolers consumed mainly beverage calories from regulated dairy beverages and substitutes (109 kcal, SD 30), unregulated dairy beverages (102 kcal, SD 24), and regulated fruit and vegetables drinks (44 kcal, SD 20). For adolescents, the greatest contributions came from regulated sodas (77 kcal, SD 47), regulated dairy beverages and substitutes (41 kcal, SD 16), and unregulated coffee and tea (41 kcal, SD 11). Overall, regulated beverages provided a greater proportion of calories than unregulated for preschoolers (15.0% vs. 11.8%) and for adolescents (9.1% vs. 5.0%). CONCLUSIONS Before major policy implementation, regulated beverages accounted for a higher percentage of energy intake than unregulated beverages among both age groups. Future research will be needed to evaluate the impact of Chile's new policies on sugary beverage intake in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Essman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA.
| | - Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA.
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-2524, USA.
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile.
| | - Marcela Reyes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile.
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA.
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-2524, USA.
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The role of the home environment in sugar-sweetened beverage intake among northern Mexican adolescents: a qualitative study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Patterns and trends in the intake distribution of manufactured and homemade sugar-sweetened beverages in pre-tax Mexico, 1999-2012. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:3296-3306. [PMID: 30348245 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018002677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe trends across the intake distribution of total, manufactured and homemade sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) from 1999 to 2012, focusing on high SSB consumers and on changes by socio-economic status (SES) subgroup. DESIGN We analysed data from one 24 h dietary recall from two nationally representative surveys. Quantile regression models at the 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of energy intake distribution of SSB were used. SETTING 1999 Mexican National Nutrition Survey and 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey.ParticipantsSchool-aged children (5-11 years) and women (20-49 years) for trend analyses (n 7718). Population aged >1 year for 2012 (n 10 096). RESULTS Over the 1999-2012 period, there were significant increases in the proportion of total and manufactured SSB consumers (5·7 and 10·7 percentage points), along with an increase in per-consumer SSB energy intake, resulting in significant increases in per-capita total SSB energy intake (142, 247 and 397 kJ/d (34, 59 and 95 kcal/d) in school-aged children and 155, 331 and 456 kJ/d (37, 79 and 109 kcal/d) in women at the 50th, 75th and 90th percentile, respectively). Total and manufactured SSB intakes increased sharply among low-SES children but remained similar among high-SES children during this time span. CONCLUSIONS Large increases in SSB consumption were seen between 1999 and 2012 during this pre-tax SSB period, particularly for the highest consumers. Trends observed in school-aged children are a clear example of the nutrition transition experienced in Mexico. Policies to discourage high intake of manufactured SSB should continue, joined with strategies to encourage water and low-calorie beverage consumption.
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Trends in sweetened beverages consumption among adults in the Brazilian capitals, 2007–2016. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:3307-3317. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo analyse trends in sweetened beverages consumption among adults in Brazil between 2007 and 2016.DesignA time-series analysis, with data from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). The prevalence of regular consumption (≥5 d/week), the average daily consumption (millilitres) and the prevalence of non-consumption of these beverages were analysed. The temporal variations of the indicators were calculated by linear regression. The analyses were performed for the complete set of the evaluated population and stratified by sociodemographic characteristics.SettingBrazilian capitals and Federal District.SubjectsBrazilian adults aged ≥18 years (n 519 641).ResultsThere was a reduction in both regular and average daily consumption of sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages (−1·28 percentage points (pp)/year, P=0·001 and −9·63 ml/year, P=0·001, respectively). The same result regarding regular consumption was found when only sugar-sweetened beverages were analysed (−1·11 pp/year, P=0·011). Similar trends were identified in the stratified analyses, with a greater magnitude of reduction among males, young adults, those with higher schooling and residents of more developed regions. Coincidentally, there was an increase in the prevalence of adults who did not consume sweetened beverages (1·54 pp/year, P=0·005).ConclusionsThe consumption of sweetened beverages decreased during the period. However, a significant portion of the population still referred a daily consumption of these beverages.
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