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Roth-Walter F, Berni Canani R, O'Mahony L, Peroni D, Sokolowska M, Vassilopoulou E, Venter C. Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients. Allergy 2024; 79:353-383. [PMID: 38084827 DOI: 10.1111/all.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non-communicable diseases-where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Diego Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carina Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Ramanarayanan P, Heine G, Worm M. Vitamin A and vitamin D induced nuclear hormone receptor activation and its impact on B cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production. Immunol Lett 2023; 263:80-86. [PMID: 37774987 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A and vitamin D metabolites are ligands to nuclear receptors - namely RAR, RXR and VDR. The activation of these receptors in human B cells impacts B cell maturation and function. In this review, we discuss how 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) individually or in conjunction, signal through their nuclear receptors and thereby impact B cell differentiation, immunoglobulin class switching to IgA at the expense of IgE, and also B cell migration and homing. Impact of the vitamin metabolites individually on B cell survival factors are well elucidated, be it the regulation of BAFF and APRIL, the induction of TGF-β or suppression of NF-κB. Very little is known about the impact of 9cRA and calcitriol together on B cells. Recently our group revealed that 9cRA and calcitriol together in the context of the B cell differentiation, induces naïve B cell differentiation into IgA+ plasmablasts, the functional and underlying molecular regulations however require further investigation. In conclusion, the conjunctional impact of these nuclear receptor ligands on B cell functionality is important to better understand B cell dependent clinical outcomes in allergy and autoimmunity. Within this review, we hypothesize that a balance between both vitamins is of utmost importance to provide a robust humoral immune response and a better treatment of disorders characterised by dysregulated immune responses such as IgE-dependent allergy or autoimmunity such as lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Heine
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschung Zentrum (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité University of Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
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3
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Neziraj T, Siewert L, Pössnecker E, Pröbstel AK. Therapeutic targeting of gut-originating regulatory B cells in neuroinflammatory diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250033. [PMID: 37624875 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immunosuppressive cells that support immunological tolerance by the production of IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. Bregs arise from different developmental stages in response to inflammatory stimuli. In that regard, mounting evidence points towards a direct influence of gut microbiota on mucosal B cell development, activation, and regulation in health and disease. While an increasing number of diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis), little is known about the role of microbiota on Breg development and induction in neuroinflammatory disorders. Notably, gut-originating, IL-10- and IgA-producing regulatory plasma cells have recently been demonstrated to egress from the gut to suppress inflammation in the CNS raising fundamental questions about the triggers and functions of mucosal-originating Bregs in systemic inflammation. Advancing our understanding of Bregs in neuroinflammatory diseases could lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize the main aspects of Breg differentiation and functions and evidence about their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases. Further, we highlight current data of gut-originating Bregs and their microbial interactions and discuss future microbiota-regulatory B cell-targeted therapies in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tradite Neziraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Siewert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Pössnecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Vitamins, microelements and the immune system: current standpoint in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2131-2146. [PMID: 35057876 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease associated with severe systemic inflammation. The optimal status of vitamins and microelements is considered crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system and necessary for successful recovery. Most patients with respiratory distress in COVID-19 are vitamin and microelement deficient, with vitamin D and Se deficiency being the most common. Anyway, various micronutrient supplements are widely and arbitrarily used for prevention or in the treatment of COVID-19. We aimed to summarise current knowledge about molecular and physiological mechanisms of vitamins (D, A, C, B6, B9 and B12) and microelements (Se, Zn, Cu and Fe) involved in the immune system regulation in consideration with COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as recent findings related to their usage and effects in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In the early course of the pandemic, several, mainly observational, studies reported an association of some micronutrients, such as vitamin C, D and Zn, with severity reduction and survival improvement. Still, emerging randomised controlled trials showed no effect of vitamin D on hospitalisation length and no effect of vitamin C and Zn on symptom reduction. Up to date, there is evidence neither for nor against the use of micronutrients in the treatment of COVID-19. The doses that exceed the recommended for the general population and age group should not be used, except in clinical trials. Benefits of supplementation are primarily expected in populations prone to micronutrient deficiencies, who are, as well, at a higher risk of worse outcomes in COVID-19.
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Chepngeno J, Amimo JO, Michael H, Jung K, Raev S, Lee MV, Damtie D, Mainga AO, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Rotavirus A Inoculation and Oral Vitamin A Supplementation of Vitamin A Deficient Pregnant Sows Enhances Maternal Adaptive Immunity and Passive Protection of Piglets against Virulent Rotavirus A. Viruses 2022; 14:2354. [PMID: 36366453 PMCID: PMC9697517 DOI: 10.3390/v14112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of vitamin A deficiency (VAD)/supplementation (±VA) and group A RV (RVA) maternal immunization of RVA seropositive multiparous pregnant sows, on their immune responses (anamnestic response) and on passive protection of their piglets against RVA challenge. Our results showed that VAD- mock sows had increased RVA RNA shedding at 1-5 days post piglet RVA challenge, and their litters had increased RVA shedding and diarrhea frequency throughout the experiment. VAD decreased memory B cell frequencies while VA supplementation increased RVA specific IgA/IgG antibody (Ab) secreting cell (ASC) numbers in blood, milk, and tissues of RVA inoculated VAD sows. The increased numbers of RVA specific IgA/IgG ASCs in blood, milk/colostrum, intestinal contents, and tissues in VA supplemented VAD sows, suggest a role of VA in B cell immunity and trafficking to tissues. We also observed that RVA inoculated sows had the highest viral neutralizing Ab titers in serum and milk while VA supplementation of VAD sows and RVA inoculation increased IgA+ B cell frequencies in sow colostrum. In summary, we demonstrated that daily oral VA-supplementation (2nd trimester-throughout lactation) to RVA inoculated VAD sows improved the function of their gut-mammary-IgA immunological axis, reducing viral RNA shedding, diarrhea, and increasing weight gain in suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Chepngeno
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Joshua O. Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00625, Kenya
| | - Husheem Michael
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Sergei Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Marcia V. Lee
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Debasu Damtie
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- The Ohio State University Global One Health LLC, Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alfred O. Mainga
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00625, Kenya
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Abstract
Barrier tissues are the primary site of infection for pathogens likely to cause future pandemics. Tissue-resident lymphocytes can rapidly detect pathogens upon infection of barrier tissues and are critical in preventing viral spread. However, most vaccines fail to induce tissue-resident lymphocytes and are instead reliant on circulating antibodies to mediate protective immunity. Circulating antibody titers wane over time following vaccination leaving individuals susceptible to breakthrough infections by variant viral strains that evade antibody neutralization. Memory B cells were recently found to establish tissue residence following infection of barrier tissues. Here, we summarize emerging evidence for the importance of tissue-resident memory B cells in the establishment of protective immunity against viral and bacterial challenge. We also discuss the role of tissue-resident memory B cells in regulating the progression of non-infectious diseases. Finally, we examine new approaches to develop vaccines capable of eliciting barrier immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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7
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Fruit Bioactive Compounds: Effect on Lactic Acid Bacteria and on Intestinal Microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Epithelial barriers, which include the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary mucosa, compose the body’s front line of defense. Since barrier tissues are persistently exposed to microbial challenges, a rapid response that can deal with diverse invading pathogens is crucial. Because B cells have been perceived as indirectly contributing to immune responses through antibody production, B cells functioning in the peripheral organs have been outside the scope of researchers. However, recent evidence supports the existence of tissue-resident memory B cells (BRMs) in the lungs. This population’s defensive response was stronger and faster than that of their circulating counterparts and could resist heterogeneous strains. With such traits, BRMs could be a promising target for vaccine design, but much about them remains to be revealed, including their locations, origin, specific markers, and the mechanisms of their establishment and maintenance. There is evidence for resident B cells in organs other than the lungs, suggesting that B cells are directly involved in the immune reactions of multiple non-lymphoid organs. This review summarizes the history of the discovery of BRMs and discusses important unresolved questions. Unique characteristics of humoral immunity that play an important role in the peripheral organs will be described briefly. Future research on B cells residing in non-lymphoid organs will provide new insights to help solve major problems regarding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Man Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ji Eun Oh,
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Gürbüz M, Aktaç Ş. Understanding the role of vitamin A and its precursors in the immune system. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Bos A, van Egmond M, Mebius R. The role of retinoic acid in the production of immunoglobulin A. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:562-572. [PMID: 35418672 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its derivative retinoic acid (RA) play important roles in the regulation of mucosal immunity. The effect of vitamin A metabolism on T lymphocyte immunity has been well documented, but its role in mucosal B lymphocyte regulation is less well described. Intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) is key in orchestrating a balanced gut microbiota composition. Here, we describe the contribution of RA to IgA class switching in tissues including the lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and isolated lymphoid follicles. RA can either indirectly skew T cells or directly affect B cell differentiation. IgA levels in healthy individuals are under the control of the metabolism of vitamin A, providing a steady supply of RA. However, IgA levels are altered in inflammatory bowel disease patients, making control of the metabolism of vitamin A a potential therapeutic target. Thus, dietary vitamin A is a key player in regulating IgA production within the intestine, acting via multiple immunological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Bos
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina Mebius
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Exploring the Immune-Boosting Functions of Vitamins and Minerals as Nutritional Food Bioactive Compounds: A Comprehensive Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020555. [PMID: 35056870 PMCID: PMC8779769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food components have long been recognized to play a fundamental role in the growth and development of the human body, conferring protective functionalities against foreign matter that can be severe public health problems. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals are essential to the human body, and individuals must meet their daily requirements through dietary sources. Micronutrients act as immunomodulators and protect the host immune response, thus preventing immune evasion by pathogenic organisms. Several experimental investigations have been undertaken to appraise the immunomodulatory functions of vitamins and minerals. Based on these experimental findings, this review describes the immune-boosting functionalities of micronutrients and the mechanisms of action through which these functions are mediated. Deficiencies of vitamins and minerals in plasma concentrations can lead to a reduction in the performance of the immune system functioning, representing a key contributor to unfavorable immunological states. This review provides a descriptive overview of the characteristics of the immune system and the utilization of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) in preventative strategies designed to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients suffering from immune invasions or autoimmune disorders.
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van Daal MT, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Braber S. Pharmacological Modulation of Immune Responses by Nutritional Components. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:198-232. [PMID: 34663688 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has increased over the last few decades, and one of the major contributors to this is lifestyle, especially diet. High intake of saturated fatty acids and low intake of dietary fiber is linked to an increase in NCDs. Conversely, a low intake of saturated fatty acids and a high intake of dietary fiber seem to have a protective effect on general health. Several mechanisms have been identified that underlie this phenomenon. In this review, we focus on pharmacological receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors, which can be activated by nutritional components and their metabolites. Depending on the nutritional component and the receptors involved, both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects occur, leading to an altered immune response. These insights may provide opportunities for the prevention and treatment of NCDs and their inherent (sub)chronic inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the reported effects of nutritional components and their metabolites on the immune system through manipulation of specific (pharmacological) receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors. Nutritional components, such as vitamins, fibers, and unsaturated fatty acids are able to resolve inflammation, whereas saturated fatty acids tend to exhibit proinflammatory effects. This may aid decision makers and scientists in developing strategies to decrease the incidence of noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T van Daal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
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13
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Daei Sorkhabi A, Sarkesh A, Daei Sorkhabi A, Entezari-Maleki T, Rashedi J, Bannazadeh Baghi H. Vitamin supplementation as a potential adjunctive therapeutic approach for COVID-19: biological and clinical plausibility. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:55-77. [PMID: 34380185 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has introduced itself into the human population in the 21st century after the coronavirus diseases SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). Major investigations are underway worldwide in the search for pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 and many agents are administered in off-label routes. Several cases are under study to check or restrict clinical manifestations of COVID-19. According to the fact that the efficacy of some micro-nutrients like vitamins is proven to treat or prevent infectious diseases because of their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity, the potential role of vitamins in the COVID-19 treatment or prevention must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Daei Sorkhabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aila Sarkesh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Daei Sorkhabi
- Immunology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taher Entezari-Maleki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalil Rashedi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Bos AV, Erkelens MN, Koenders STA, van der Stelt M, van Egmond M, Mebius RE. Clickable Vitamins as a New Tool to Track Vitamin A and Retinoic Acid in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671283. [PMID: 34305901 PMCID: PMC8298001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin A derivative, retinoid acid (RA) is key player in guiding adaptive mucosal immune responses. However, data on the uptake and metabolism of vitamin A within human immune cells has remained largely elusive because retinoids are small, lipophilic molecules which are difficult to detect. To overcome this problem and to be able to study the effect of vitamin A metabolism in human immune cell subsets, we have synthesized novel bio-orthogonal retinoid-based probes (clickable probes), which are structurally and functionally indistinguishable from vitamin A. The probes contain a functional group (an alkyne) to conjugate to a fluorogenic dye to monitor retinoid molecules in real-time in immune cells. We demonstrate, by using flow cytometry and microscopy, that multiple immune cells have the capacity to internalize retinoids to varying degrees, including human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and naïve B lymphocytes. We observed that naïve B cells lack the enzymatic machinery to produce RA, but use exogenous retinoic acid to enhance CD38 expression. Furthermore, we showed that human DCs metabolize retinal into retinoic acid, which in co-culture with naïve B cells led to of the induction of CD38 expression. These data demonstrate that in humans, DCs can serve as an exogenous source of RA for naïve B cells. Taken together, through the use of clickable vitamins our data provide valuable insight in the mechanism of vitamin A metabolism and its importance for human adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie V Bos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martje N Erkelens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan T A Koenders
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Tourkochristou E, Triantos C, Mouzaki A. The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665968. [PMID: 34135894 PMCID: PMC8201077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Through food intake, humans obtain a variety of nutrients that are essential for growth, cellular function, tissue development, energy, and immune defense. A special interaction between nutrients and gut-associated lymphoid tissue occurs in the intestinal tract. Enterocytes of the intestinal barrier act as sensors for antigens from nutrients and the intestinal microbiota, which they deliver to the underlying immune system of the lamina propria, triggering an immune response. Studies investigating the mechanism of influence of nutrition on immunological outcomes have highlighted an important role of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, probiotics) in modulating immune homeostasis. Nutrients exert their role in innate immunity and inflammation by regulating the expression of TLRs, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus interfering with immune cell crosstalk and signaling. Chemical substrates derived from nutrient metabolism may act as cofactors or blockers of enzymatic activity, influencing molecular pathways and chemical reactions associated with microbial killing, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Immune cell function appears to be influenced by certain nutrients that form parts of the cell membrane structure and are involved in energy production and prevention of cytotoxicity. Nutrients also contribute to the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses by modulating B and T lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation and activation, and antibody production. The purpose of this review is to present the available data from the field of nutritional immunology to elucidate the complex and dynamic relationship between nutrients and the immune system, the delineation of which will lead to optimized nutritional regimens for disease prevention and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Feng D, Chen B, Zeng B, Xiao L, Yan J, Yang T, Zhu J, Li T, Wang L, Wei H, Chen J. Fecal microbiota from children with vitamin A deficiency impair colonic barrier function in germ-free mice: The possible role of alterative bile acid metabolites. Nutrition 2021; 90:111274. [PMID: 34004414 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the effects of fecal microbiota from children with vitamin A (VA) deficiency on colonic mucosal barrier function. METHODS The composition of gut microbes was identified in children with different VA levels, then feces from children with normal VA or VA deficiency was collected separately and transplanted into germ-free (GF) mice, respectively. Three weeks after transplantation, the colon morphology, colonic tight junction proteins, gut microbes, and metabolites were evaluated. RESULTS In children, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were positively correlated with VA levels. Colonization of VA deficiency fecal microbiota markedly impaired colonic development in GF mice, down-regulated colonic tight junction-related proteins occludin and claudin-1, and reduced immunoglobulin A secretion. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation with different VA levels altered composition of gut microbes and bile acid metabolism pathways in GF mice. CONCLUSION These data suggest that fecal microbiota from children with VA deficiency attenuates colonic barrier function in GF mice, which may be achieved by changing the bile acid metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Baolin Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Laboratory Animal Department, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyan Yan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Laboratory Animal Department, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Scholz J, Kuhrau J, Heinrich F, Heinz GA, Hutloff A, Worm M, Heine G. Vitamin A controls the allergic response through T follicular helper cell as well as plasmablast differentiation. Allergy 2021; 76:1109-1122. [PMID: 32895937 DOI: 10.1111/all.14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A regulates the adaptive immune response and a modulatory impact on type I allergy is discussed. The cellular mechanisms are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the vitamin A-responding specific lymphocyte reaction in vivo. METHODS Antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes were analyzed in an adoptive transfer airway inflammation mouse model in response to 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and after lymphocyte-specific genetic targeting of the receptor RARα. Flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, next-generation sequencing, and specific Ig-ELISA were used to characterize the cells functionally. RESULTS Systemic 9cRA profoundly enhanced the specific IgA-secreting B-cell frequencies in the lung tissue and serum IgA while reducing serum IgE concentrations. RARα overexpression in antigen-specific B cells promoted differentiation into plasmablasts at the expense of germinal center B cells. In antigen-specific T cells, RARα strongly promoted the differentiation of T follicular helper cells followed by an enhanced germinal center response. CONCLUSIONS 9cRA signaling via RARα impacts the allergen-specific immunoglobulin response directly by the differentiation of B cells and indirectly by promoting T follicular helper cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Scholz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute Berlin Germany
| | - Julia Kuhrau
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute Berlin Germany
- Institute of Immunology University Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinCampus Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute Berlin Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute Berlin Germany
- Institute of Immunology University Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinCampus Kiel Kiel Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology University Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinCampus Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute Berlin Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy University Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinCampus Kiel Kiel Germany
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18
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Abstract
Among antibodies, IgA is unique because it has evolved to be secreted onto mucosal surfaces. The structure of IgA and the associated secretory component allow IgA to survive the highly proteolytic environment of mucosal surfaces but also substantially limit IgA's ability to activate effector functions on immune cells. Despite these characteristics, IgA is critical for both preventing enteric infections and shaping the local microbiome. IgA's function is determined by a distinct antigen-binding repertoire, composed of antibodies with a variety of specificities, from permissive polyspecificity to cross-reactivity to exquisite specificity to a single epitope, which act together to regulate intestinal bacteria. Development of the unique function and specificities of IgA is shaped by local cues provided by the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, driven by the constantly changing environment of the intestine and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Hand
- R.K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA;
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA;
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20
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Sarohan AR. COVID-19: Endogenous Retinoic Acid Theory and Retinoic Acid Depletion Syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110250. [PMID: 33254555 PMCID: PMC7481114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents two new concepts and definitions to the medical literature. One of those is "endogenous retinoic acid theory" and the other "retinoic acid depletion syndrome". A new classification will be provided for the immune system: "retinoic acid-dependent component" and "retinoic acid non-dependent component". If this theory is verified, all the diseases where the retinoic acid metabolism is defective and retinoic acid levels are low will be identified and new approaches will be developed fortreating such diseases. When the need for retinoic acids increases, such as acute infection, high fever, severe catabolic process, or chronic antigenic stimulation, cytochrome oxidase enzymes are inhibited by drugs or internal mechanisms. Metabolism and excretion of retinoic acids stored in the liver are prevented. In this way, retinoic acid levels in the blood are raised to therapeutic levels. This is called "Endogenous Retinoic Acid Theory". Retinoic acids also manage their metabolism through feedback mechanisms. Despite compensatory mechanisms, causes such as high fever, serious catabolic process and excessively large viral genome (SARS-CoV-2), excessive use of RIG-I and Type I interferon synthesis pathway using retinoic acid causes emptying of retinoic acid stores. As a result, the RIG-I pathway becomes ineffective, Type I IFN synthesis stops, and the congenital immune system collapses. Then the immune mechanism passes to TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, MDA5 and UPS pathways in the monocyte, macrophage, neutrophil and dendritic cells of the adaptive immune defense system that do not require retinoic acid. This leads to excessive TNFα and cytokine discharge from the pathway. With the depletion of retinoic acid stores as a result of this overuse, the immune defense mechanism switches from the congenital immune system to the adaptive immune system, where retinoic acids cannot be used. As a result of this depletion of retinoic acids, the shift of the immune system to the NFκB arm, which causes excessive cytokine release, is called "retinoic acid depletion syndrome". COVID-19 and previously defined sepsis, SIRS and ARDS are each retinoic acid depletion syndrome. We claim that retinoic acid metabolism is defective in most inflammatory diseases, particularly COVID-19 (cytokine storm) sepsis, SIRS and ARDS. Finding a solution to this mechanism will bring a new perspective and treatment approach to such diseases.
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21
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Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces mortality of septic mice by modulating gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles. Nutrition 2020; 78:110863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hui J, Li L, Li R, Wu M, Yang Y, Wang J, Fan Y, Zheng X. Effects of supplementation with β-carotene on the growth performance and intestinal mucosal barriers in layer-type cockerels. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13344. [PMID: 32219951 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
β-carotene is a robust modulator of mucosal barriers, and it can amplify the immunoglobulin A (IgA) response via the retinoic acid (RA)-mediated pathway. We investigated the influence of β-carotene on intestinal barriers in layer-type cockerels. In this study, β-carotene has a positive influence on growth performance and intestinal morphology. β-carotene remarkably enhanced serum secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels, jejunal mucosal sIgA, and IgA concentrations. β-Carotene significantly enhanced mRNA expression levels of IgA, CC chemokine receptor-9 (CCR9), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), and retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) in the ileal tissues and pIgR in the jejunal tissues. β-Carotene improves mRNA expression of intestinal barrier-related proteins including: mucin-2 (MUC-2), zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2), occludins (OCLN), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the ileal tissues. Moreover, β-carotene decreased the levels of Escherichia coli and elevates the levels of Lactobacillus. The results indicate that β-carotene can promote growth performance and contribute to the gradual development of intestinal barriers in Hyline Brown chicks. This study enriches our knowledge about the effects of β-carotene on intestinal barrier and highlights a theoretical basis of β-carotene application in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Hui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- College of Foreign Languages, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Olson WJ, Jakic B, Hermann‐Kleiter N. Regulation of the germinal center response by nuclear receptors and implications for autoimmune diseases. FEBS J 2020; 287:2866-2890. [PMID: 32246891 PMCID: PMC7497069 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from infectious diseases and cancer. Notably, B and T lymphocytes from the adaptive arm of the immune system can co-operate to form long-lived antibody responses and are therefore the main target in vaccination approaches. Nevertheless, protective immune responses must be tightly regulated to avoid hyper-responsiveness and responses against self that can result in autoimmunity. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are perfectly adapted to rapidly alter transcriptional cellular responses to altered environmental settings. Their functional role is associated with both immune deficiencies and autoimmunity. Despite extensive linking of nuclear receptor function with specific CD4 T helper subsets, research on the functional roles and mechanisms of specific NRs in CD4 follicular T helper cells (Tfh) and germinal center (GC) B cells during the germinal center reaction is just emerging. We review recent advances in our understanding of NR regulation in specific cell types of the GC response and discuss their implications for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Olson
- Translational Cell GeneticsDepartment of Pharmacology and GeneticsMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
| | - Bojana Jakic
- Translational Cell GeneticsDepartment of Pharmacology and GeneticsMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsala UniversitySweden
| | - Natascha Hermann‐Kleiter
- Translational Cell GeneticsDepartment of Pharmacology and GeneticsMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
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24
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Pinnaro CT, Henry T, Major HJ, Parida M, DesJardin LE, Manak JR, Darbro BW. Candidate modifier genes for immune function in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1057. [PMID: 31830774 PMCID: PMC6978229 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common contiguous microdeletion affecting humans and exhibits extreme phenotypic heterogeneity. Patients can manifest any combination of comorbidities including congenital heart disease, hypoparathyroidism, cleft palate, kidney abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorders, and immune dysfunction. Immunodeficiency is present in the majority of patients with 22q11.2DS and is the second leading cause of death in these patients. Knowing the genetic determinants of immune dysfunction will aid in prognostication and potentially novel treatments. Methods We performed exome sequencing and gene‐based variant association analysis on 31 deeply phenotyped individuals with the canonical 3Mb 22q11.2 deletion to identify what genes outside the 22q11.2 locus may be modifying the immune dysregulated phenotype. Immunophenotyping was performed using preexisting medical data and a novel scoring system developed from numerous clinical laboratory values including immunoglobulin levels, lymphocyte transformation to antigens (LTA), lymphocyte transformation to mitogens (LTM), and peripheral blood flow cytometry. Immunophenotypic scoring was validated against newborn screening T‐cell receptor excision circle (TREC) results. Results Rare DNA variants in transcriptional regulators involved in retinoic acid signaling (NCOR2, OMIM *600848 and EP300, OMIM *602700) were found to be associated with immunophenotype. Conclusion The expression of TBX1, which seems to confer the major phenotypic features of 22q11.2DS, is regulated via retinoic acid signaling, and alterations in retinoic acid signaling during embryonic development can lead to phenocopies of 22q11.2DS. These observations support the hypothesis that genetic modifiers outside the microdeletion locus may influence the immune function in 22q11.2DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis Henry
- Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory, Coralville, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - John R Manak
- Departments of Biology and Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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[Composition and mode of action of adjuvants in licensed viral vaccines]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:462-471. [PMID: 30830257 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-02921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines is largely governed by nature and the amount of antigen(s) included. Specific immune-stimulating substances, so-called adjuvants, are added to vaccine formulations to enhance and modulate the induced immune response.Adjuvants are very different in their physicochemical nature and are primarily characterized by their immune-enhancing effects. In this report, adjuvants that are components of vaccines licensed in the EU will be presented and their mode of action will be discussed.Aluminum salts have been used for almost a century as vaccine adjuvants. In recent years numerous novel immune-stimulating substances have been developed and integrated into licensed human vaccines. These novel adjuvants are not only intended to generally increase the vaccine-induced antibody titers, but are also aimed at modulating and triggering a specific immune response. The search for innovative adjuvants was considerably stimulated during development of pandemic influenza vaccines. By using squalene-containing oil-in-water adjuvants (namely AS03 and MF59), pandemic influenza vaccines were developed that were efficacious despite a significant reduction of the antigen content.The development of novel adjuvants is a highly dynamic and essential area in modern vaccine design. Some years ago, vaccines for prevention of HPV-induced cervix carcinoma and hepatitis B were licensed that contained the toll-like receptor 4 agonist 3‑O-desacyl-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a detoxified LPS version, as the adjuvant. Quite recently, a herpes zoster vaccine was licensed in Europe with a combination of MPL and the saponin QS21 as adjuvant. This combination of immune enhancers is also used in the formulations of the same manufacturer's malaria and hepatitis B vaccine.
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26
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Huda MN, Ahmad SM, Kalanetra KM, Taft DH, Alam MJ, Khanam A, Raqib R, Underwood MA, Mills DA, Stephensen CB. Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation and Vitamin A Status Are Associated with Gut Microbiome Composition in Bangladeshi Infants in Early Infancy and at 2 Years of Age. J Nutr 2019; 149:1075-1088. [PMID: 31006815 PMCID: PMC6543205 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infancy is a crucial period for establishing the intestinal microbiome. This process may be influenced by vitamin A (VA) status because VA affects intestinal immunity and epithelial integrity, factors that can, in turn, modulate microbiome development. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if neonatal VA supplementation (VAS) affected the abundance of Bifidobacterium, a beneficial commensal, or of Proteobacteria, a phylum containing enteric pathogens, in early (6-15 wk) or late (2 y) infancy. Secondary objectives were to determine if VAS affected the abundance of other bacterial taxa, and to determine if VA status assessed by measuring plasma retinol was associated with bacterial abundance. METHODS Three hundred and six Bangladeshi infants were randomized by sex and birthweight status (above/below median) to receive 1 VA dose (50,000 IU) or placebo within 48 h of birth. Relative abundance at the genus level and above was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism assay was used to identify Bifidobacterium species and subspecies at 6 wk. RESULTS Linear regression showed that Bifidobacterium abundance in early infancy was lower in boys (median, 1st/3rd quartiles; 0.67, 0.52/0.78) than girls (0.73, 0.60/0.80; P = 0.003) but that boys receiving VAS (0.69, 0.55/0.78) had higher abundance than boys receiving placebo (0.65, 0.44/0.77; P = 0.039). However this difference was not seen in girls (VAS 0.71, 0.54/0.80; placebo 0.75, 0.63/0.81; P = 0.25). VAS did not affect Proteobacteria abundance. Sex-specific associations were also seen for VA status, including positive associations of plasma retinol with Actinobacteria (the phylum containing Bifidobacterium) and Akkermansia, another commensal with possible health benefits, for girls in late infancy. CONCLUSIONS Better VA status in infancy may influence health both in infancy and later in life by promoting the establishment of a healthy microbiota. This postulated effect of VA may differ between boys and girls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02027610.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazmul Huda
- Nutrition Department
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- US Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Shaikh M Ahmad
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md J Alam
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Khanam
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- Nutrition Department
- US Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
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Christensen D, Bøllehuus Hansen L, Leboux R, Jiskoot W, Christensen JP, Andersen P, Dietrich J. A Liposome-Based Adjuvant Containing Two Delivery Systems with the Ability to Induce Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Following a Parenteral Immunization. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1116-1126. [PMID: 30609354 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, enteric infections rank third among all causes of disease burdens, and vaccines able to induce a strong and long-lasting intestinal immune responses are needed. Parenteral immunization generally do not generate intestinal IgA. Recently, however, injections of retinoic acid (RA) dissolved in oil, administered multiple times before vaccination to precondition the vaccine-draining lymph nodes, enabled a parenteral vaccine strategy to induce intestinal IgA. As multiple injections of RA before vaccination is not an attractive strategy for clinical practice, we aimed to develop a "one injection" vaccine formulation that upon parenteral administration induced intestinal IgA. Our vaccine formulation contained two liposomal delivery systems. One delivery system, based on 1,2-distearoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stabilized with PEG, was designed to exhibit fast drainage of RA to local lymph nodes to precondition these for a mucosal immune response before being subjected to the vaccine antigen. The other delivery system, based on the cationic liposomal adjuvant CAF01 stabilized with cholesterol, was optimized for prolonged delivery of the antigen by migratory antigen-presenting cells to the preconditioned lymph node. Combined we call the adjuvant CAF23. We show that CAF23, administered by the subcutaneous route induces an antigen specific intestinal IgA response, making it a promising candidate adjuvant for vaccines against enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christensen
- Department for Infectious Disease Immunology , Statens Serum Institut , Artillerivej 5 , DK-2300 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lasse Bøllehuus Hansen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction , Rigshospitalet , Juliane Maries Vej 6 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Romain Leboux
- Department for Infectious Disease Immunology , Statens Serum Institut , Artillerivej 5 , DK-2300 Copenhagen , Denmark
- Division of Bio-therapeutics , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , NL 2333 Leiden , Holland
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Bio-therapeutics , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , NL 2333 Leiden , Holland
| | - Jan Pravsgaard Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology , University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 3C , DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department for Infectious Disease Immunology , Statens Serum Institut , Artillerivej 5 , DK-2300 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Department for Infectious Disease Immunology , Statens Serum Institut , Artillerivej 5 , DK-2300 Copenhagen , Denmark
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Gauthier M, Aras P, Paquin J, Boily M. Chronic exposure to imidacloprid or thiamethoxam neonicotinoid causes oxidative damages and alters carotenoid-retinoid levels in caged honey bees (Apis mellifera). Sci Rep 2018; 8:16274. [PMID: 30390008 PMCID: PMC6214897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the persistent dwindling of the populations of honey bees has become a growing concern. While this phenomenon is partly attributed to neonicotinoids (NEOCs), chronic exposures to these insecticides at environmentally-relevant concentrations are needed to fully estimate their implications. In this study, honey bees were orally exposed for 10 days to low field-realistic concentrations of NEOCs known for their effects on the cholinergic system (imidacloprid – IMI or thiamethoxam – THM). Selected biomarkers were measured such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), α-tocopherol as well as several forms of vitamin A (retinoids) and carotenoids. Bees exposed to IMI showed lower levels of two carotenoids (α-carotene and α-cryptoxanthin) and α-tocopherol. The THM exposure increased the oxidized vitamin A metabolites in bees conjointly with the LPO. These results could be the consequence of a pro-oxidant effect of NEOCs and were observed at levels where no effects were recorded for AChE activity. This study reveals that exposure to low levels of NEOCs alters the carotenoid-retinoid system in honey bees. This would merit further investigation as these compounds are important in various aspects of bees’ health. Overall, this study contributes to the development of biomonitoring tools for the health of bees and other pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Philippe Aras
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Joanne Paquin
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Monique Boily
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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29
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Huang Z, Liu Y, Qi G, Brand D, Zheng SG. Role of Vitamin A in the Immune System. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E258. [PMID: 30200565 PMCID: PMC6162863 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VitA) is a micronutrient that is crucial for maintaining vision, promoting growth and development, and protecting epithelium and mucus integrity in the body. VitA is known as an anti-inflammation vitamin because of its critical role in enhancing immune function. VitA is involved in the development of the immune system and plays regulatory roles in cellular immune responses and humoral immune processes. VitA has demonstrated a therapeutic effect in the treatment of various infectious diseases. To better understand the relationship between nutrition and the immune system, the authors review recent literature about VitA in immunity research and briefly introduce the clinical application of VitA in the treatment of several infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Huang
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China.
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China.
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China.
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - David Brand
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Abdelhamid L, Luo XM. Retinoic Acid, Leaky Gut, and Autoimmune Diseases. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1016. [PMID: 30081517 PMCID: PMC6115935 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A leaky gut has been observed in a number of autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that lupus mice also bear a leaky gut and that the intestinal barrier function can be enhanced by gut colonization of probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. Retinoic acid (RA) can increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the gut. Interestingly, RA has also been shown to strengthen the barrier function of epithelial cells in vitro and in the absence of probiotic bacteria. These reports bring up an interesting question of whether RA exerts protective effects on the intestinal barrier directly or through regulating the microbiota colonization. In this review, we will discuss the roles of RA in immunomodulation, recent literature on the involvement of a leaky gut in different autoimmune diseases, and how RA shapes the outcomes of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abdelhamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Wendland K, Niss K, Kotarsky K, Wu NYH, White AJ, Jendholm J, Rivollier A, Izarzugaza JMG, Brunak S, Holländer GA, Anderson G, Sitnik KM, Agace WW. Retinoic Acid Signaling in Thymic Epithelial Cells Regulates Thymopoiesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:524-532. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mwanza-Lisulo M, Chomba MS, Chama M, Besa EC, Funjika E, Zyambo K, Banda R, Imikendu M, Sianongo S, Hancock REW, Lee A, Chilengi R, Stagg AJ, Namangala B, Kelly PM. Retinoic acid elicits a coordinated expression of gut homing markers on T lymphocytes of Zambian men receiving oral Vivotif, but not Rotarix, Dukoral or OPVERO vaccines. Vaccine 2018; 36:4134-4141. [PMID: 29801999 PMCID: PMC6020133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ATRA increased vaccine specific IgA in gut secretions to Vivotif but not Dukoral or Rotarix. ATRA increased α4β7 and CCR9 gut marker expression in a coordinated manner only when given simultaneously with Vivotif vaccine. In individuals with coordinated gut marker expression Vivotif specific IgA increase was much stronger.
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) up-regulates, in laboratory animals, the expression of the gut homing markers α4β7 integrin and CCR9 on lymphocytes, increasing their gut tropism. Here, we show that, in healthy adult volunteers, ATRA induced an increase of these gut homing markers on T cells in vivo in a time dependent manner. The coordinated increase of α4β7 and CCR9 by ATRA was seen in 57% (12/21) of volunteers and only when given together with an oral Vivotif vaccine. When this coordinated response to ATRA and Vivotif vaccine was present, it was strongly correlated with the gut immunoglobulin A (IgA) specific response to vaccine LPS (ρ = 0.82; P = 0.02). Using RNA-Seq analysis of whole blood transcription, patients receiving ATRA and Vivotif in conjunction showed transcriptomic changes in immune-related pathways, particularly including interferon α/β signaling pathway, membrane-ECM interactions and immune hubs. These results suggest that exogenous ATRA can be used to manipulate responses to a subclass of oral vaccines, so far limited to a live attenuated Vivotif vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpala Mwanza-Lisulo
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Mumba S Chomba
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mubanga Chama
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Chemistry, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ellen C Besa
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Evelyn Funjika
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Chemistry, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Rose Banda
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mercy Imikendu
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sandie Sianongo
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Amy Lee
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andy J Stagg
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul M Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Lyu Y, Wu L, Wang F, Shen X, Lin D. Carotenoid supplementation and retinoic acid in immunoglobulin A regulation of the gut microbiota dysbiosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018. [PMID: 29534601 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218763760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis, a broad spectrum of imbalance of the gut microbiota, may progress to microbiota dysfunction. Dysbiosis is linked to some human diseases, such as inflammation-related disorders and metabolic syndromes. However, the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of dysbiosis remain elusive. Recent findings suggest that the microbiome and gut immune responses, like immunoglobulin A production, play critical roles in the gut homeostasis and function, and the progression of dysbiosis. In the past two decades, much progress has been made in better understanding of production of immunoglobulin A and its association with commensal microbiota. The present minireview summarizes the recent findings in the gut microbiota dysbiosis and dysfunction of immunoglobulin A induced by the imbalance of pathogenic bacteria and commensal microbiota. We also propose the potentials of dietary carotenoids, such as β-carotene and astaxanthin, in the improvement of the gut immune system maturation and immunoglobulin A production, and the consequent promotion of the gut health. Impact statement The concept of carotenoid metabolism in the gut health has not been well established in the literature. Here, we review and discuss the roles of retinoic acid and carotenoids, including pro-vitamin A carotenoids and xanthophylls in the maturation of the gut immune system and IgA production. This is the first review article about the carotenoid supplements and the metabolites in the regulation of the gut microbiome. We hope this review would provide a new direction for the management of the gut microbiota dysbiosis by application of bioactive carotenoids and the metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lyu
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, 12391 Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Wu
- 2 Department of Nutritional Sciences, 7618 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater , OK 74078, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, 12391 Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, 12391 Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- 2 Department of Nutritional Sciences, 7618 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater , OK 74078, USA
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Kim CH. Control of Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes by the RAR-Retinoic Acid Axis. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e1. [PMID: 29503736 PMCID: PMC5833116 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes, such as T cells, B cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play central roles in regulating immune responses. Retinoic acids (RAs) are vitamin A metabolites, produced and metabolized by certain tissue cells and myeloid cells in a tissue-specific manner. It has been established that RAs induce gut-homing receptors on T cells, B cells, and ILCs. A mounting body of evidence indicates that RAs exert far-reaching effects on functional differentiation and fate of these lymphocytes. For example, RAs promote effector T cell maintenance, generation of induced gut-homing regulatory and effector T cell subsets, antibody production by B cells, and functional maturation of ILCs. Key functions of RAs in regulating major groups of innate and adaptive lymphocytes are highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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35
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Israelian N, Danska JS. Sex Effects at the Ramparts: Nutrient- and Microbe-Mediated Regulation of the Immune-Metabolic Interface. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:113-140. [PMID: 29224093 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between dietary compounds, derivative metabolites, and host metabolism and immunity are controlled by diverse molecular mechanisms. Essential contributions to these dynamics come from the community of microbes (the microbiome) inhabiting the human digestive tract. The composition and function of the microbiome are shaped by available nutrients, and reciprocally, these organisms produce an as yet poorly defined repertoire of molecules that communicate with the epithelial barrier and the mucosal immune system. We present evidence that diet-derived vitamins and lipids regulate immunity and metabolic function and highlight the diverse mechanisms through which these effects are impacted by sex. We discuss exciting new data emerging from studies using high-throughput sequencing technology, specialized mouse models, and bio-specimens, and clinical data from human subjects that have begun to reveal the complexity of these interactions. Also profiled in this chapter are the striking sex differences in pathways by which dietary nutrients and gut microbes modify metabolism, immunity, and immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases. Although the incidence, severity, and therapeutic responses of many autoimmune diseases differ by sex, the molecular mechanisms of these effects remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyrie Israelian
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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36
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Wiseman EM, Bar-El Dadon S, Reifen R. The vicious cycle of vitamin a deficiency: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3703-3714. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1160362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Manusevich Wiseman
- The Center of Nutrigenomics, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shimrit Bar-El Dadon
- The Center of Nutrigenomics, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ram Reifen
- The Center of Nutrigenomics, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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37
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Agace WW, McCoy KD. Regionalized Development and Maintenance of the Intestinal Adaptive Immune Landscape. Immunity 2017; 46:532-548. [PMID: 28423335 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system has the daunting task of protecting us from pathogenic insults while limiting inflammatory responses against the resident commensal microbiota and providing tolerance to food antigens. This role is particularly impressive when one considers the vast mucosal surface and changing landscape that the intestinal immune system must monitor. In this review, we highlight regional differences in the development and composition of the adaptive immune landscape of the intestine and the impact of local intrinsic and environmental factors that shape this process. To conclude, we review the evidence for a critical window of opportunity for early-life exposures that affect immune development and alter disease susceptibility later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Agace
- Division of Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D14, Sölvegatan 19, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Influence of Plasma Cell Niche Factors on the Recruitment and Maintenance of IRF4hi Plasma Cells and Plasmablasts in Vaccinated, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques with Low and High Viremia. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01727-16. [PMID: 27928009 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01727-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, we found that protection following simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) exposure correlated with rectal plasma cell frequency in vaccinated female rhesus macaques. We sought to determine if the same macaques maintained high mucosal plasma cell frequencies postinfection and if this translated to reduced viremia. Although delayed SIV acquisition did not predict subsequent viral control, alterations existed in the distribution of plasma cells and plasmablasts between macaques that exhibited high or low viremia. Flow cytometric analysis of cells from rectal biopsy specimens, bone marrow, and mesenteric lymph nodes of vaccinated infected, unvaccinated infected, and uninfected macaques identified two main IRF4hi subsets of interest: CD138+ plasma cells, and CD138- plasmablasts. In rectal tissue, plasma cell frequency positively correlated with plasma viremia and unvaccinated macaques had increased plasma cells and plasmablasts compared to vaccinated animals. Likewise, plasmablast frequency in the mesenteric lymph node correlated with viremia. However, in bone marrow, plasmablast frequency negatively correlated with viremia. Accordingly, low-viremic macaques had a higher frequency of both bone marrow IRF4hi subsets than did animals with high viremia. Significant reciprocal relationships between rectal and bone marrow plasmablasts suggested that efficient trafficking to the bone marrow as opposed to the rectal mucosa was linked to viral control. mRNA expression analysis of proteins involved in establishment of plasma cell niches in sorted bone marrow and rectal cell populations further supported this model and revealed differential mRNA expression patterns in these tissues. IMPORTANCE As key antibody producers, plasma cells and plasmablasts are critical components of vaccine-induced immunity to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in humans and SIV in the macaque model; however, few have attempted to examine the role of these cells in viral suppression postinfection. Our results suggest that plasmablast trafficking to and retention in the bone marrow play a previously unappreciated role in viral control and contrast the potential contribution of mucosal plasma cells to mediate protection at sites of infection with that of bone marrow plasmablasts and plasma cells to control viremia during chronic infection. Manipulation of niche factors influencing the distribution and maintenance of these critical antibody-secreting cells may serve as potential therapeutic targets to enhance antiviral responses postvaccination and postinfection.
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Czarnewski P, Das S, Parigi SM, Villablanca EJ. Retinoic Acid and Its Role in Modulating Intestinal Innate Immunity. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010068. [PMID: 28098786 PMCID: PMC5295112 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) is amongst the most well characterized food-derived nutrients with diverse immune modulatory roles. Deficiency in dietary VA has not only been associated with immune dysfunctions in the gut, but also with several systemic immune disorders. In particular, VA metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) has been shown to be crucial in inducing gut tropism in lymphocytes and modulating T helper differentiation. In addition to the widely recognized role in adaptive immunity, increasing evidence identifies atRA as an important modulator of innate immune cells, such as tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Here, we focus on the role of retinoic acid in differentiation, trafficking and the functions of innate immune cells in health and inflammation associated disorders. Lastly, we discuss the potential involvement of atRA during the plausible crosstalk between DCs and ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Czarnewski
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm 171-76, Sweden.
| | - Srustidhar Das
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm 171-76, Sweden.
| | - Sara M Parigi
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm 171-76, Sweden.
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm 171-76, Sweden.
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40
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Erkelens MN, Mebius RE. Retinoic Acid and Immune Homeostasis: A Balancing Act. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:168-180. [PMID: 28094101 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the immune system, the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) is known for its role in inducing gut-homing molecules in T and B cells, inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs), and promoting tolerance. However, it was suggested that RA can have a broad spectrum of effector functions depending on the local microenvironment. Under specific conditions, RA can also promote an inflammatory environment. We discuss the dual role of RA in immune responses and how this might be regulated. Furthermore, we focus on the role of RA in autoimmune diseases and whether RA might be used as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martje N Erkelens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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41
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Marks E, Ortiz C, Pantazi E, Bailey CS, Lord GM, Waldschmidt TJ, Noelle RJ, Elgueta R. Retinoic Acid Signaling in B Cells Is Required for the Generation of an Effective T-Independent Immune Response. Front Immunol 2016; 7:643. [PMID: 28066447 PMCID: PMC5179524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in the balance of inflammation and tolerance in T cells. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that RA facilitates IgA isotype switching in B cells in vivo. However, it is unclear whether RA has a direct effect on T-independent B cell responses in vivo. To address this question, we generated a mouse model where RA signaling is specifically silenced in the B cell lineage. This was achieved through the overexpression of a dominant negative receptor α for RA (dnRARα) in the B cell lineage. In this model, we found a dramatic reduction in marginal zone (MZ) B cells and accumulation of transitional 2 B cells in the spleen. We also observed a reduction in B1 B cells in the peritoneum with a defect in the T-independent B cell response against 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl. This was not a result of inhibited development of B cells in the bone marrow, but likely the result of both defective expression of S1P1 in MZ B cells and a defect in the development of MZ and B1 B cells. This suggests that RARα expression in B cells is important for B cell frequency in the MZ and peritoneum, which is crucial for the generation of T-independent humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Marks
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Carla Ortiz
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Eirini Pantazi
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Charlotte S Bailey
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Thomas J Waldschmidt
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology of Dartmouth Medical School, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Raul Elgueta
- Department of Immune Regulation and Intervention, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London , London , UK
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Aase A, Sommerfelt H, Petersen LB, Bolstad M, Cox RJ, Langeland N, Guttormsen AB, Steinsland H, Skrede S, Brandtzaeg P. Salivary IgA from the sublingual compartment as a novel noninvasive proxy for intestinal immune induction. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:884-93. [PMID: 26509875 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Whole-saliva IgA appears like an attractive noninvasive readout for intestinal immune induction after enteric infection or vaccination, but has failed to show consistent correlation with established invasive markers and IgA in feces or intestinal lavage. For reference, we measured antibodies in samples from 30 healthy volunteers who were orally infected with wild-type enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The response against these bacteria in serum, lavage, and lymphocyte supernatants (antibody-in-lymphocyte-supernatant, ALS) was compared with that in targeted parotid and sublingual/submandibular secretions. Strong correlation occurred between IgA antibody levels against the challenge bacteria in sublingual/submandibular secretions and in lavage (r=0.69, P<0.0001) and ALS (r=0.70, P<0.0001). In sublingual/submandibular secretions, 93% responded with more than a twofold increase in IgA antibodies against the challenge strain, whereas the corresponding response in parotid secretions was only 67% (P=0.039). With >twofold ALS as a reference, the sensitivity of a >twofold response for IgA in sublingual/submandibular secretion was 96%, whereas it was only 67% in the parotid fluid. To exclude that flow rate variations influenced the results, we used albumin as a marker. Our data suggested that IgA in sublingual/submandibular secretions, rather than whole saliva with its variable content of parotid fluid, is a preferential noninvasive proxy for intestinal immune induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aase
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Sommerfelt
- Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health and Centre for International health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - L B Petersen
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Bolstad
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - R J Cox
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - N Langeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division for Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - A B Guttormsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Steinsland
- Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health and Centre for International health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division for Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - P Brandtzaeg
- LIIPAT, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Swiatczak B, Cohen IR. Gut feelings of safety: tolerance to the microbiota mediated by innate immune receptors. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:573-85. [PMID: 26306708 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To enable microbial colonization of the gut mucosa, the intestinal immune system must not only react to danger signals but also recognize cues that indicate safety. Recognition of safety, paradoxically, is mediated by the same environmental sensors that are involved in signaling danger. Indeed, in addition to their well-established role in inducing inflammation in response to stress signals, pattern recognition receptors and a variety of metabolic sensors also promote gut-microbiota symbiosis by responding to "microbial symbiosis factors", "resolution-associated molecular patterns", markers of energy extraction and other signals indicating the absence of pathogenic infection and tissue damage. Here we focus on how the paradoxical roles of immune receptors and other environmental sensors define the microbiota signature of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Swiatczak
- Department of History of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Abstract
Secondary lymphoid tissues share the important function of bringing together antigens and rare antigen-specific lymphocytes to foster induction of adaptive immune responses. Peyer's patches (PPs) are unique compared to other secondary lymphoid tissues in their continual exposure to an enormous diversity of microbiome- and food-derived antigens and in the types of pathogens they encounter. Antigens are delivered to PPs by specialized microfold (M) epithelial cells and they may be captured and presented by resident dendritic cells (DCs). In accord with their state of chronic microbial antigen exposure, PPs exhibit continual germinal center (GC) activity. These GCs not only contribute to the generation of B cells and plasma cells producing somatically mutated gut antigen-specific IgA antibodies but have also been suggested to support non-specific antigen diversification of the B-cell repertoire. Here, we review current understanding of how PPs foster B-cell encounters with antigen, how they favor isotype switching to the secretory IgA isotype, and how their GC responses may uniquely contribute to mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Reboldi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wang P, Li Y, Xiao H, Shi Y, Le GW, Sun J. Isolation of lactobacillus reuteri from Peyer's patches and their effects on sIgA production and gut microbiota diversity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2020-30. [PMID: 27030202 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE We previously reported that specific Lactobacillus reuteri colonized within mouse Peyer's patches (PP) effectively prevented high fat diet induced obesity and low-grade chronic inflammation. We further investigated the role of PP Lactobacillus reuteri on sIgA production in rats in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactobacilli were isolated from rat PP. All isolates were L. reuteri and belonged to three phenotypes according to amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Typical strains of two main clusters, PP1 and PP2, were used to treat control and vitamin A deficient (VAD) rats, respectively. The feeding of PP1 and PP2 affected sIgA and Lactobacillus diversity by strain-specific manner. Free sIgA was significantly increased by PP1 (p = 0.069) and PP2 (p < 0.05) in the control rats but not in the VAD rats. Only PP1 significantly changed PP Lactobacillus diversity in the control rats (p < 0.05). However, PP2 specifically changed ileal Lactobacillus diversity in both control and VAD rats. Fecal sIgA was correlated with PP Lactobacillus diversity (R(2) = 0.7958, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Modulation of sIgA production by PP L. reuteri of rat is dependent on vitamin A and change of Lactobacillus diversity in PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.,Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Ya Li
- Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.,Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Guo-Wei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.,Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China. .,Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.
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46
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What Makes A Bacterial Oral Vaccine a Strong Inducer of High-Affinity IgA Responses? Antibodies (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/antib4040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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