1
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Gray-Gaillard SL, Solis SM, Chen HM, Monteiro C, Ciabattoni G, Samanovic MI, Cornelius AR, Williams T, Geesey E, Rodriguez M, Ortigoza MB, Ivanova EN, Koralov SB, Mulligan MJ, Herati RS. SARS-CoV-2 inflammation durably imprints memory CD4 T cells. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj8526. [PMID: 38905326 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj8526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Memory CD4 T cells are critical to human immunity, yet it is unclear whether viral inflammation during memory formation has long-term consequences. Here, we compared transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of Spike (S)-specific memory CD4 T cells in 24 individuals whose first exposure to S was via SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccination. Nearly 2 years after memory formation, S-specific CD4 T cells established by infection remained enriched for transcripts related to cytotoxicity and for interferon-stimulated genes, likely because of a chromatin accessibility landscape altered by inflammation. Moreover, S-specific CD4 T cells primed by infection had reduced proliferative capacity in vitro relative to vaccine-primed cells. Furthermore, the transcriptional state of S-specific memory CD4 T cells was minimally altered by booster immunization and/or breakthrough infection. Thus, infection-associated inflammation durably imprints CD4 T cell memory, which affects the function of these cells and may have consequences for long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Gray-Gaillard
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina M Solis
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Han M Chen
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clarice Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Ciabattoni
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber R Cornelius
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tijaana Williams
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilie Geesey
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mila Brum Ortigoza
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellie N Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin Sedaghat Herati
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Porcheddu V, Lhomme G, Giraudet R, Correia E, Maillère B. The self-reactive FVIII T cell repertoire in healthy individuals relies on a short set of epitopes and public clonotypes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345195. [PMID: 38510258 PMCID: PMC10951066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-mutated FVIII-specific CD4 T cell epitopes have been recently found to contribute to the development of inhibitors in patients with hemophilia A (HA), while auto-reactive CD4 T cells specific to FVIII circulate in the blood of healthy individuals at a frequency close to the foreign protein ovalbumin. Thus, although FVIII is a self-protein, the central tolerance raised against FVIII appears to be low. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FVIII CD4 T cell repertoire in 29 healthy donors. Sequencing of the CDR3β TCR region from isolated FVIII-specific CD4 T cells revealed a limited usage and pairing of TRBV and TRBJ genes as well as a mostly hydrophobic composition of the CDR3β region according to their auto-reactivity. The FVIII repertoire is dominated by a few clonotypes, with only 13 clonotypes accounting for half of the FVIII response. Through a large-scale epitope mapping of the full-length FVIII sequence, we identified 18 immunodominant epitopes located in the A1, A3, C1, and C2 domains and covering half of the T cell response. These epitopes exhibited a broad specificity for HLA-DR or DP molecules or both. T cell priming with this reduced set of peptides revealed that highly expanded clonotypes specific to these epitopes were responsible individually for up to 32% of the total FVIII repertoire. These FVIII T cell epitopes and clonotypes were shared among HLA-unrelated donors tested and previously reported HA patients. Our study highlights the role of the auto-reactive T cell response against FVIII in HA and its similarity to the response observed in healthy individuals. Thus, it provides valuable insights for the development of new tolerance induction and deimmunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Porcheddu
- Université de Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Lemieux A, Sannier G, Nicolas A, Nayrac M, Delgado GG, Cloutier R, Brassard N, Laporte M, Duchesne M, Sreng Flores AM, Finzi A, Tastet O, Dubé M, Kaufmann DE. Enhanced detection of antigen-specific T cells by a multiplexed AIM assay. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100690. [PMID: 38228152 PMCID: PMC10831934 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Broadly applicable methods to identify and characterize antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are key to immunology research, including studies of vaccine responses and immunity to infectious diseases. We developed a multiplexed activation-induced marker (AIM) assay that presents several advantages compared to single pairs of AIMs. The simultaneous measurement of four AIMs (CD69, 4-1BB, OX40, and CD40L) creates six AIM pairs that define CD4+ T cell populations with partial and variable overlap. When combined in an AND/OR Boolean gating strategy for analysis, this approach enhances CD4+ T cell detection compared to any single AIM pair, while CD8+ T cells are dominated by CD69/4-1BB co-expression. Supervised and unsupervised clustering analyses show differential expression of the AIMs in defined T helper lineages and that multiplexing mitigates phenotypic biases. Paired and unpaired comparisons of responses to infections (HIV and cytomegalovirus [CMV]) and vaccination (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) validate the robustness and versatility of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrée Lemieux
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Gérémy Sannier
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alexandre Nicolas
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Manon Nayrac
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Rose Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dubé
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Saunders KO, Counts J, Thakur B, Stalls V, Edwards R, Manne K, Lu X, Mansouri K, Chen Y, Parks R, Barr M, Sutherland L, Bal J, Havill N, Chen H, Machiele E, Jamieson N, Hora B, Kopp M, Janowska K, Anasti K, Jiang C, Van Itallie E, Venkatayogi S, Eaton A, Henderson R, Barbosa C, Alam SM, Santra S, Weissman D, Moody MA, Cain DW, Tam YK, Lewis M, Williams WB, Wiehe K, Montefiori DC, Acharya P, Haynes BF. Vaccine induction of CD4-mimicking HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in macaques. Cell 2024; 187:79-94.e24. [PMID: 38181743 PMCID: PMC10860651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The CD4-binding site (CD4bs) is a conserved epitope on HIV-1 envelope (Env) that can be targeted by protective broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). HIV-1 vaccines have not elicited CD4bs bnAbs for many reasons, including the occlusion of CD4bs by glycans, expansion of appropriate naive B cells with immunogens, and selection of functional antibody mutations. Here, we demonstrate that immunization of macaques with a CD4bs-targeting immunogen elicits neutralizing bnAb precursors with structural and genetic features of CD4-mimicking bnAbs. Structures of the CD4bs nAb bound to HIV-1 Env demonstrated binding angles and heavy-chain interactions characteristic of all known human CD4-mimicking bnAbs. Macaque nAb were derived from variable and joining gene segments orthologous to the genes of human VH1-46-class bnAb. This vaccine study initiated in primates the B cells from which CD4bs bnAbs can derive, accomplishing the key first step in the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - James Counts
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bhishem Thakur
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Victoria Stalls
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kartik Manne
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Lu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rob Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joena Bal
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicholas Havill
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Emily Machiele
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nolan Jamieson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Megan Kopp
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chuancang Jiang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Elizabeth Van Itallie
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sravani Venkatayogi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rory Henderson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sampa Santra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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5
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Nettere D, Unnithan S, Rodgers N, Nohara J, Cray P, Berry M, Jones C, Armand L, Li SH, Berendam SJ, Fouda GG, Cain DW, Spence TN, Granek JA, Davenport CA, Edwards RJ, Wiehe K, Van Rompay KKA, Moody MA, Permar SR, Pollara J. Conjugation of HIV-1 envelope to hepatitis B surface antigen alters vaccine responses in rhesus macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:183. [PMID: 38001122 PMCID: PMC10673864 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a critical unmet need for ending the AIDS epidemic. Vaccine trials conducted to date have suggested the need to increase the durability and functionality of vaccine-elicited antibodies to improve efficacy. We hypothesized that a conjugate vaccine based on the learned response to immunization with hepatitis B virus could be utilized to expand T cell help and improve antibody production against HIV-1. To test this, we developed an innovative conjugate vaccine regimen that used a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) co-expressing HIV-1 envelope (Env) and the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) as a prime, followed by two Env-HBsAg conjugate protein boosts. We compared the immunogenicity of this conjugate regimen to matched HIV-1 Env-only vaccines in two groups of 5 juvenile rhesus macaques previously immunized with hepatitis B vaccines in infancy. We found expansion of both HIV-1 and HBsAg-specific circulating T follicular helper cells and elevated serum levels of CXCL13, a marker for germinal center activity, after boosting with HBsAg-Env conjugate antigens in comparison to Env alone. The conjugate vaccine elicited higher levels of antibodies binding to select HIV Env antigens, but we did not observe significant improvement in antibody functionality, durability, maturation, or B cell clonal expansion. These data suggests that conjugate vaccination can engage both HIV-1 Env and HBsAg specific T cell help and modify antibody responses at early time points, but more research is needed to understand how to leverage this strategy to improve the durability and efficacy of next-generation HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Nettere
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shakthi Unnithan
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Rodgers
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junsuke Nohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul Cray
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Jones
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence Armand
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shuk Hang Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella J Berendam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- GSK Rockville Center for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Genevieve G Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Taylor N Spence
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua A Granek
- Quantitative Sciences Core, Duke University Center for AIDS Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Clemontina A Davenport
- Quantitative Sciences Core, Duke University Center for AIDS Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Pollara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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6
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Phung I, Rodrigues KA, Marina-Zárate E, Maiorino L, Pahar B, Lee WH, Melo M, Kaur A, Allers C, Fahlberg M, Grasperge BF, Dufour JP, Schiro F, Aye PP, Lopez PG, Torres JL, Ozorowski G, Eskandarzadeh S, Kubitz M, Georgeson E, Groschel B, Nedellec R, Bick M, Kaczmarek Michaels K, Gao H, Shen X, Carnathan DG, Silvestri G, Montefiori DC, Ward AB, Hangartner L, Veazey RS, Burton DR, Schief WR, Irvine DJ, Crotty S. A combined adjuvant approach primes robust germinal center responses and humoral immunity in non-human primates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7107. [PMID: 37925510 PMCID: PMC10625619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants and antigen delivery kinetics can profoundly influence B cell responses and should be critically considered in rational vaccine design, particularly for difficult neutralizing antibody targets such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antigen kinetics can change depending on the delivery method. To promote extended immunogen bioavailability and to present antigen in a multivalent form, native-HIV Env trimers are modified with short phosphoserine peptide linkers that promote tight binding to aluminum hydroxide (pSer:alum). Here we explore the use of a combined adjuvant approach that incorporates pSer:alum-mediated antigen delivery with potent adjuvants (SMNP, 3M-052) in an extensive head-to-head comparison study with conventional alum to assess germinal center (GC) and humoral immune responses. Priming with pSer:alum plus SMNP induces additive effects that enhance the magnitude and persistence of GCs, which correlate with better GC-TFH cell help. Autologous HIV-neutralizing antibody titers are improved in SMNP-immunized animals after two immunizations. Over 9 months after priming immunization of pSer:alum with either SMNP or 3M-052, robust Env-specific bone marrow plasma cells (BM BPC) are observed. Furthermore, pSer-modification of Env trimer reduce targeting towards immunodominant non-neutralizing epitopes. The study shows that a combined adjuvant approach can augment humoral immunity by modulating immunodominance and shows promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Phung
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ester Marina-Zárate
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mariane Melo
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Carolina Allers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Brooke F Grasperge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Jason P Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Paul G Lopez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Saman Eskandarzadeh
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Bick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek Michaels
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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7
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Petersone L, Wang CJ, Edner NM, Fabri A, Nikou SA, Hinze C, Ross EM, Ntavli E, Elfaki Y, Heuts F, Ovcinnikovs V, Rueda Gonzalez A, Houghton LP, Li HM, Zhang Y, Toellner KM, Walker LSK. IL-21 shapes germinal center polarization via light zone B cell selection and cyclin D3 upregulation. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221653. [PMID: 37466652 PMCID: PMC10355162 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) dysregulation has been widely reported in the context of autoimmunity. Here, we show that interleukin 21 (IL-21), the archetypal follicular helper T cell (Tfh) cytokine, shapes the scale and polarization of spontaneous chronic autoimmune as well as transient immunization-induced GC. We find that IL-21 receptor deficiency results in smaller GC that are profoundly skewed toward a light zone GC B cell phenotype and that IL-21 plays a key role in selection of light zone GC B cells for entry to the dark zone. Light zone skewing has been previously reported in mice lacking the cell cycle regulator cyclin D3. We demonstrate that IL-21 triggers cyclin D3 upregulation in GC B cells, thereby tuning dark zone inertial cell cycling. Lastly, we identify Foxo1 regulation as a link between IL-21 signaling and GC dark zone formation. These findings reveal new biological roles for IL-21 within GC and have implications for autoimmune settings where IL-21 is overproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Petersone
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Chun Jing Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Natalie M Edner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Astrid Fabri
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Spyridoula-Angeliki Nikou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Claudia Hinze
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Ellen M Ross
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Elisavet Ntavli
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Yassin Elfaki
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Frank Heuts
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Andrea Rueda Gonzalez
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Luke P Houghton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Hannah M Li
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London , London, UK
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8
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Poloni C, Schonhofer C, Ivison S, Levings MK, Steiner TS, Cook L. T-cell activation-induced marker assays in health and disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:491-503. [PMID: 36825901 PMCID: PMC10952637 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Activation-induced marker (AIM) assays have proven to be an accessible and rapid means of antigen-specific T-cell detection. The method typically involves short-term incubation of whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells with antigens of interest, where autologous antigen-presenting cells process and present peptides in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Recognition of peptide-MHC complexes by T-cell receptors then induces upregulation of activation markers on the T cells that can be detected by flow cytometry. In this review, we highlight the most widely used activation markers for assays in the literature while identifying nuances and potential downfalls associated with the technique. We provide a summary of how AIM assays have been used in both discovery science and clinical studies, including studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity. This review primarily focuses on AIM assays using human blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, with some considerations noted for tissue-derived T cells and nonhuman samples. AIM assays are a powerful tool that enables detailed analysis of antigen-specific T-cell frequency, phenotype and function without needing to know the precise antigenic peptides and their MHC restriction elements, enabling a wider analysis of immunity generated following infection and/or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Poloni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Cole Schonhofer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sabine Ivison
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Laura Cook
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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9
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Gray-Gaillard SL, Solis S, Chen HM, Monteiro C, Ciabattoni G, Samanovic MI, Cornelius AR, Williams T, Geesey E, Rodriguez M, Ortigoza MB, Ivanova EN, Koralov SB, Mulligan MJ, Herati RS. Inflammation durably imprints memory CD4+ T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.11.15.516351. [PMID: 36415470 PMCID: PMC9681040 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.15.516351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses are induced by vaccination and infection, yet little is known about how CD4+ T cell memory differs when primed in these two contexts. Notably, viral infection is generally associated with higher levels of systemic inflammation than is vaccination. To assess whether the inflammatory milieu at the time of CD4+ T cell priming has long-term effects on memory, we compared Spike-specific memory CD4+ T cells in 22 individuals around the time of the participants' third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, with stratification by whether the participants' first exposure to Spike was via virus or mRNA vaccine. Multimodal single-cell profiling of Spike-specific CD4+ T cells revealed 755 differentially expressed genes that distinguished infection- and vaccine-primed memory CD4+ T cells. Spike-specific CD4+ T cells from infection-primed individuals had strong enrichment for cytotoxicity and interferon signaling genes, whereas Spike-specific CD4+ T cells from vaccine-primed individuals were enriched for proliferative pathways by gene set enrichment analysis. Moreover, Spike-specific memory CD4+ T cells established by infection had distinct epigenetic landscapes driven by enrichment of IRF-family transcription factors, relative to T cells established by mRNA vaccination. This transcriptional imprint was minimally altered following subsequent mRNA vaccination or breakthrough infection, reflecting the strong bias induced by the inflammatory environment during initial memory differentiation. Together, these data suggest that the inflammatory context during CD4+ T cell priming is durably imprinted in the memory state at transcriptional and epigenetic levels, which has implications for personalization of vaccination based on prior infection history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Solis
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Han M. Chen
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Clarice Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Ciabattoni
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie I. Samanovic
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber R. Cornelius
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tijaana Williams
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilie Geesey
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Mila Brum Ortigoza
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellie N. Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin Sedaghat Herati
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
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10
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Seth A, Yokokura Y, Choi JY, Shyer JA, Vidyarthi A, Craft J. AP-1-independent NFAT signaling maintains follicular T cell function in infection and autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20211110. [PMID: 36820828 PMCID: PMC9998660 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated gene expression programs enable development and function of T cell subsets. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells coordinate humoral immune responses by providing selective and instructive cues to germinal center B cells. Here, we show that AP-1-independent NFAT gene expression, a program associated with hyporesponsive T cell states like anergy or exhaustion, is also a distinguishing feature of Tfh cells. NFAT signaling in Tfh cells, maintained by NFAT2 autoamplification, is required for their survival. ICOS signaling upregulates Bcl6 and induces an AP-1-independent NFAT program in primary T cells. Using lupus-prone mice, we demonstrate that genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of NFAT signaling specifically impacts Tfh cell maintenance and leads to amelioration of autoantibody production and renal injury. Our data provide important conceptual and therapeutic insights into the signaling mechanisms that regulate Tfh cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Seth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Yokokura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justin A. Shyer
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aurobind Vidyarthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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11
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Nguyen NX, Richens AW, Sircy LM, Allard DE, Kolawole EM, Evavold BD, Bettini M, Hale JS. Immunogen-Specific Strengths and Limitations of the Activation-Induced Marker Assay for Assessing Murine Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:916-925. [PMID: 36883856 PMCID: PMC10038905 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The activation-induced marker (AIM) assay is a cytokine-independent technique to identify Ag-specific T cells based on the upregulated expression of activation markers after Ag restimulation. The method offers an alternative to intracellular cytokine staining in immunological studies, in which limited cytokine production makes the cell subsets of interest difficult to detect. Studies of lymphocytes in human and nonhuman primates have used the AIM assay to detect Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, there is a lack of validation of the strengths and limitations of the assay in murine (Mus musculus) models of infection and vaccination. In this study, we analyzed immune responses of TCR-transgenic CD4+ T cells, including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific SMARTA, OVA-specific OT-II, and diabetogenic BDC2.5-transgenic T cells, and measured the ability of the AIM assay to effectively identify these cells to upregulate AIM markers OX40 and CD25 following culture with cognate Ag. Our findings indicate that the AIM assay is effective for identifying the relative frequency of protein immunization-induced effector and memory CD4+ T cells, whereas the AIM assay had reduced ability to identify specific cells induced by viral infection, particularly during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Evaluation of polyclonal CD4+ T cell responses to acute viral infection demonstrated that the AIM assay can detect a proportion of both high- and low-affinity cells. Together, our findings indicate that the AIM assay can be an effective tool for relative quantification of murine Ag-specific CD4+ T cells to protein vaccination, while demonstrating its limitations during conditions of acute and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen X Nguyen
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrew W Richens
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Linda M Sircy
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Denise E Allard
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Elizabeth M Kolawole
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Maria Bettini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - J Scott Hale
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
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12
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Hora B, Li H, Shen X, Martin M, Chen Y, Berry M, Evangelous T, Macintyre AN, Arus-Altuz A, Wang S, Singh A, Zhao C, De Naeyer N, DeMarco T, Kuykendall C, Gurley T, Saunders KO, Denny T, Moody MA, Misamore J, Lewis MG, Wiehe K, Cain DW, Montefiori DC, Shaw GM, Williams WB. Neonatal SHIV infection in rhesus macaques elicited heterologous HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112255. [PMID: 36924501 PMCID: PMC10117998 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants and children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 have been shown to develop neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against heterologous HIV-1 strains, characteristic of broadly nAbs (bnAbs). Thus, having a neonatal model for the induction of heterologous HIV-1 nAbs may provide insights into the mechanisms of neonatal bnAb development. Here, we describe a neonatal model for heterologous HIV-1 nAb induction in pathogenic simian-HIV (SHIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Viral envelope (env) evolution showed mutations at multiple sites, including nAb epitopes. All 13 RMs generated plasma autologous HIV-1 nAbs. However, 8/13 (62%) RMs generated heterologous HIV-1 nAbs with increasing potency over time, albeit with limited breadth, and mapped to multiple nAb epitopes, suggestive of a polyclonal response. Moreover, plasma heterologous HIV-1 nAb development was associated with antigen-specific, lymph-node-derived germinal center activity. We define a neonatal model for heterologous HIV-1 nAb induction that may inform future pediatric HIV-1 vaccines for bnAb induction in infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mitchell Martin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tyler Evangelous
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aria Arus-Altuz
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajay Singh
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chengyan Zhao
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole De Naeyer
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cindy Kuykendall
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thaddeus Gurley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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13
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De Biasi S, Paolini A, Lo Tartaro D, Gibellini L, Cossarizza A. Analysis of Antigen-Specific T and B Cells for Monitoring Immune Protection Against SARS-CoV-2. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e636. [PMID: 36598346 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunological memory is the basis of protection against most pathogens. Long-living memory T and B cells able to respond to specific stimuli, as well as persistent antibodies in plasma and in other body fluids, are crucial for determining the efficacy of vaccination and for protecting from a second infection by a previously encountered pathogen. Antigen-specific cells are represented at a very low frequency in the blood, and indeed, they can be considered "rare events" present in the memory T-cell pool. Therefore, such events should be analyzed with careful attention. In the last 20 years, different methods, mostly based upon flow cytometry, have been developed to identify such rare antigen-specific cells, and the COVID-19 pandemic has given a dramatic impetus to characterize the immune response against the virus. In this regard, we know that the identification, enumeration, and characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells following infection and/or vaccination require i) the use of specific peptides and adequate co-stimuli, ii) the use of appropriate inhibitors to avoid nonspecific activation, iii) the setting of appropriate timing for stimulation, and iv) the choice of adequate markers and reagents to identify antigen-specific cells. Optimization of these procedures allows not only determination of the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific responses but also a comparison of the effects of different combinations of vaccines or determination of the response provided by so-called "hybrid immunity," resulting from a combination of natural immunity and vaccine-generated immunity. Here, we present two methods that are largely used to monitor the response magnitude and phenotype of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells by polychromatic flow cytometry, along with some tips that can be useful for the quantification of these rare events. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Identification of antigen-specific T cells Basic Protocol 2: Identification of antigen-specific B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, Modena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Paolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Lo Tartaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, Modena, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari - INRC, via Irnerio, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Ferragut F, Cruz KM, Gallardo JP, Fernández M, Hernández Vasquez Y, Gómez KA. Activation-induced marker assays for identification of Trypanosoma cruzi-specific CD4 or CD8 T cells in chronic Chagas disease patients. Immunology 2022; 169:185-203. [PMID: 36567491 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific T cells are central to the adaptive immune response against T. cruzi infection and underpin the efficacy of on-going vaccine strategies. In this context, the present study focuses on T-cell assays that define the parasite-specificity on the basis of upregulation of TCR stimulation-induced surface markers. For this purpose, we tested different dual marker combinations (OX40, CD25, CD40L, CD137, CD69, PD-L1, CD11a, CD49d, HLA-DR, CD38) to reliably identify activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations from PBMCs of chronic Chagas disease (CCD) patients after 12 or 24 h of stimulation with T. cruzi lysate. Results demonstrated that activation-induced markers (AIM) assays combining the expression of OX40, CD25, CD40L, CD137, CD69 and/or PD-L1 surface markers are efficient at detecting T. cruzi-specific CD4+ T cells in CCD patients, in comparison to non-infected donors, after both stimulation times. For CD8+ T cells, only PD-L1/OX40 after 24 h of antigen exposure resulted to be useful to track a parasite-specific response. We also demonstrated that the agnostic activation is mediated by different T. cruzi strains, such as Dm28c, CL Brener or Sylvio. Additionally, we successfully used this approach to identify the phenotype of activated T lymphocytes based on the expression of CD45RA and CCR7. Overall, our results show that different combinations of AIM markers represent an effective and simple tool for the detection of T. cruzi-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ferragut
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen M Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Gallardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología 'Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén' (INP-ANLIS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Hernández Vasquez
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología 'Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén' (INP-ANLIS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Sajadi MM, Myers A, Logue J, Saadat S, Shokatpour N, Quinn J, Newman M, Deming M, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Magder LS, Karimi M, Abbasi A, Shlyak M, Baracco L, Frieman MB, Crotty S, Harris AD. Mucosal and Systemic Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Determined by Severity of Primary Infection. mSphere 2022; 7:e0027922. [PMID: 36321826 PMCID: PMC9769618 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00279-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
With much of the world infected with or vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (commonly abbreviated SARS-CoV-2; abbreviated here SARS2), understanding the immune responses to the SARS2 spike (S) protein in different situations is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We studied the clinical, systemic, mucosal, and cellular responses to two doses of SARS2 mRNA vaccines in 62 individuals with and without prior SARS2 infection that were divided into three groups based on antibody serostatus prior to vaccination and/or degree of disease symptoms among those with prior SARS2 infection: antibody negative (naive), low symptomatic, and symptomatic. Antibody negative were subjects who were antibody negative (i.e., those with no prior infection). Low symptomatic subjects were those who were antibody negative and had minimal or no symptoms at time of SARS2 infection. Symptomatic subjects were those who were antibody positive and symptomatic at time of SARS2 infection. All three groups were then studied when they received their SARS2 mRNA vaccines. In the previously SARS2-infected (based on antibody test) low symptomatic and symptomatic groups, reactogenic symptoms related to a recall response were elicited after the first vaccination. Anti-S trimer IgA and IgG titers, and neutralizing antibody titers, peaked after the 1st vaccination in the previously SARS2-infected groups and were significantly higher than for the SARS2 antibody-negative group in the plasma and nasal samples at most time points. Nasal and plasma IgA antibody responses were significantly higher in the low symptomatic group than in the symptomatic group at most time points. After the first vaccination, differences in cellular immunity were not evident between groups, but the activation-induced cell marker (AIM+) CD4+ cell response correlated with durability of IgG humoral immunity against the SARS2 S protein. In those SARS2-infected subjects, severity of infection dictated plasma and nasal IgA responses in primary infection as well as response to vaccination (peak responses and durability), which could have implications for continued protection against reinfection. Lingering differences between the SARS2-infected and SARS2-naive up to 10 months postvaccination could explain the decreased reinfection rates in the SARS2-infected vaccinees recently reported and suggests that additional strategies (such as boosting of the SARS2-naive vaccinees) are needed to narrow the differences observed between these groups. IMPORTANCE This study on SARS2 vaccination in those with and without previous exposure to the virus demonstrates that severity of infection dictates IgA responses in primary infection as well as response to vaccination (peak responses and durability), which could have implications for continued protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amber Myers
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saman Saadat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Narjes Shokatpour
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Quinn
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michelle Newman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meagan Deming
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Laurence S. Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abdolrahim Abbasi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mike Shlyak
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Baracco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew B. Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anthony D. Harris
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Harwood OE, Balgeman AJ, Weaver AJ, Ellis-Connell AL, Weiler AM, Erickson KN, Matschke LM, Golfinos AE, Vezys V, Skinner PJ, Safrit JT, Edlefsen PT, Reynolds MR, Friedrich TC, O’Connor SL. Transient T Cell Expansion, Activation, and Proliferation in Therapeutically Vaccinated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Macaques Treated with N-803. J Virol 2022; 96:e0142422. [PMID: 36377872 PMCID: PMC9749465 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01424-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine strategies aimed at eliciting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8+ T cells are one major target of interest in HIV functional cure strategies. We hypothesized that CD8+ T cells elicited by therapeutic vaccination during antiretroviral therapy (ART) would be recalled and boosted by treatment with the interleukin 15 (IL-15) superagonist N-803 after ART discontinuation. We intravenously immunized four simian immunodeficiency virus-positive (SIV+) Mauritian cynomolgus macaques receiving ART with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), modified vaccinia virus Ankara strain (MVA), and recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd-5) vectors all expressing SIVmac239 Gag. Immediately after ART cessation, these animals received three doses of N-803. Four control animals received no vaccines or N-803. The vaccine regimen generated a high-magnitude response involving Gag-specific CD8+ T cells that were proliferative and biased toward an effector memory phenotype. We then compared cells elicited by vaccination (Gag specific) to cells elicited by SIV infection and unaffected by vaccination (Nef specific). We found that N-803 treatment enhanced the frequencies of both bulk and proliferating antigen-specific CD8+ T cells elicited by vaccination and the antigen-specific CD8+ T cells elicited by SIV infection. In sum, we demonstrate that a therapeutic heterologous prime-boost-boost (HPBB) vaccine can elicit antigen-specific effector memory CD8+ T cells that are boosted by N-803. IMPORTANCE While antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress HIV replication, it is not a cure. It is therefore essential to develop therapeutic strategies to enhance the immune system to better become activated and recognize virus-infected cells. Here, we evaluated a novel therapeutic vaccination strategy delivered to SIV+ Mauritian cynomolgus macaques receiving ART. ART was then discontinued and we delivered an immunotherapeutic agent (N-803) after ART withdrawal with the goal of eliciting and boosting anti-SIV cellular immunity. Immunologic and virologic analysis of peripheral blood and lymph nodes collected from these animals revealed transient boosts in the frequency, activation, proliferation, and memory phenotype of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following each intervention. Overall, these results are important in educating the field of the transient nature of the immunological responses to this particular therapeutic regimen and the similar effects of N-803 on boosting T cells elicited by vaccination or elicited naturally by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E. Harwood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexis J. Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail J. Weaver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amy L. Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Lea M. Matschke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Athena E. Golfinos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pamela J. Skinner
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew R. Reynolds
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Galloway DR, Nguyen NX, Li J, Houston N, Gregersen G, Williamson ED, Falkenberg FW, Herron JN, Hale JS. The magnitude of the germinal center B cell and T follicular helper cell response predicts long-lasting antibody titers to plague vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017385. [PMID: 36389793 PMCID: PMC9650111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against Yersinia pestis, the causative organism for plague disease, remains an important global health priority. Studies have demonstrated effective immune-based protection against plague challenge that is induced by plague antigen subunit vaccination in an aqueous alhydrogel formulation; however, whether these candidate vaccines in this formulation and presentation, induce long-lasting immunological memory in the form of durable cellular and antibody recall responses has not been fully demonstrated. In this study, we analyzed germinal center T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses following F1V and F1 + V plague subunit immunization of mice with vaccines formulated in various adjuvants. Our data demonstrate that recombinant plague protein immunization formulated with IL-2/GM-CSF cytokines bound to alhydrogel adjuvant drive an increase in the magnitude of the germinal center T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses following primary immunization, compared to vaccines formulated with Alhydrogel adjuvant alone. In contrast, plague protein subunit immunization combined with CpG ODN bound to alhydrogel increased the magnitude and duration of the germinal center Tfh and B cell responses following booster immunization. Importantly, enhanced germinal center Tfh and B cell responses correlated with long-lasting and high F1V-specific antibody titers and more robust antibody recall responses to F1V re-exposure. These findings indicate that vaccine formulations that drive enhancement of the germinal center Tfh and B cell responses are critical for inducing durable plague-specific humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell R. Galloway
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: J. Scott Hale, ; Darrell R. Galloway,
| | - Nguyen X. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nicholas Houston
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gage Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - E. Diane Williamson
- Chemical Biological Radiological Division, Defense Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - James N. Herron
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - J. Scott Hale
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: J. Scott Hale, ; Darrell R. Galloway,
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18
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Visvabharathy L, Hanson BA, Orban ZS, Lim PH, Palacio NM, Jimenez M, Clark JR, Graham EL, Liotta EM, Tachas G, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Koralnik IJ. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people with and without neurologic symptoms of long COVID. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2021.08.08.21261763. [PMID: 34401886 PMCID: PMC8366804 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.08.21261763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many people experiencing long COVID syndrome, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), suffer from debilitating neurologic symptoms (Neuro-PASC). However, whether virus-specific adaptive immunity is affected in Neuro-PASC patients remains poorly understood. We report that Neuro-PASC patients exhibit distinct immunological signatures composed of elevated humoral and cellular responses toward SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein at an average of 6 months post-infection compared to healthy COVID convalescents. Neuro-PASC patients also had enhanced virus-specific production of IL-6 from and diminished activation of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the severity of cognitive deficits or quality of life disturbances in Neuro-PASC patients were associated with a reduced diversity of effector molecule expression in T cells but elevated IFN-γ production to the C-terminal domain of Nucleocapsid protein. Proteomics analysis showed enhanced plasma immunoregulatory proteins and reduced pro-inflammatory and antiviral response proteins in Neuro-PASC patients compared with healthy COVID convalescents, which were also correlated with worse neurocognitive dysfunction. These data provide new insight into the pathogenesis of long COVID syndrome and a framework for the rational design of predictive biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Visvabharathy
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Barbara A. Hanson
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Zachary S. Orban
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Patrick H. Lim
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Nicole M. Palacio
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Millenia Jimenez
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Clark
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Edith L. Graham
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Eric M. Liotta
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - George Tachas
- Director, Drug Discovery & Patents, Antisense Therapeutics Ltd., Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Igor J. Koralnik
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611 USA
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19
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van Schouwenburg P, Unger S, Payne KJ, Kaiser FMP, Pico-Knijnenburg I, Pfeiffer J, Hausmann O, Friedmann D, Erbel M, Seidl M, van Zessen D, Stubbs AP, van der Burg M, Warnatz K. Deciphering imprints of impaired memory B-cell maturation in germinal centers of three patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959002. [PMID: 36275744 PMCID: PMC9582261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), characterized by recurrent infections, low serum class-switched immunoglobulin isotypes, and poor antigen-specific antibody responses, comprises a heterogeneous patient population in terms of clinical presentation and underlying etiology. The diagnosis is regularly associated with a severe decrease of germinal center (GC)-derived B-cell populations in peripheral blood. However, data from B-cell differentiation within GC is limited. We present a multiplex approach combining histology, flow cytometry, and B-cell receptor repertoire analysis of sorted GC B-cell populations allowing the modeling of distinct disturbances in GCs of three CVID patients. Our results reflect pathophysiological heterogeneity underlying the reduced circulating pool of post-GC memory B cells and plasmablasts in the three patients. In patient 1, quantitative and qualitative B-cell development in GCs is relatively normal. In patient 2, irregularly shaped GCs are associated with reduced somatic hypermutation (SHM), antigen selection, and class-switching, while in patient 3, high SHM, impaired antigen selection, and class-switching with large single clones imply increased re-cycling of cells within the irregularly shaped GCs. In the lymph nodes of patients 2 and 3, only limited numbers of memory B cells and plasma cells are formed. While reduced numbers of circulating post GC B cells are a general phenomenon in CVID, the integrated approach exemplified distinct defects during GC maturation ranging from near normal morphology and function to severe disturbances with different facets of impaired maturation of memory B cells and/or plasma cells. Integrated dissection of disturbed GC B-cell maturation by histology, flow cytometry, and BCR repertoire analysis contributes to unraveling defects in the essential steps during memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline van Schouwenburg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Unger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathryn J. Payne
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian M. P. Kaiser
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Pico-Knijnenburg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jens Pfeiffer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - David Friedmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Erbel
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - David van Zessen
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrew P. Stubbs
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Klaus Warnatz,
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20
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Day S, Kaur C, Cheeseman HM, de Groot E, McFarlane LR, Tanaka M, Coelho S, Cole T, Lemm NM, Lim A, Sanders RW, Asquith B, Shattock RJ, Pollock KM. Comparison of blood and lymph node cells after intramuscular injection with HIV envelope immunogens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:991509. [PMID: 36275655 PMCID: PMC9579690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Harnessing CD4+ T cell help in the lymph nodes through rational antigen design could enhance formation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) during experimental HIV immunization. This process has remained hidden due to difficulty with direct study, with clinical studies instead focusing on responses in the blood as a proxy for the secondary lymphoid tissue. Methods To address this, lymph node cells (LNC) were collected using ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of axillary lymph nodes from 11 HIV negative participants in an experimental HIV immunogen study (European AIDS Vaccine Initiative EAVI2020_01 study, NCT04046978). Cells from lymph node and blood (PBMC), were collected after intramuscular injection with HIV Env Mosaic immunogens based on HIV Envelope glycoprotein and combined with a liposomal toll-like receptor-4 adjuvant; monophosphoryl lipid A. Simultaneously sampled cells from both blood and lymph node in the same donors were compared for phenotype, function, and antigen-specificity. Results Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed tissue-specific differences in abundance, distribution, and functional response of LNC compared with PBMC. Monocytes were virtually absent from LNC, which were significantly enriched for CD4+ T cells compared with CD8+ T cells. T follicular helper cells with germinal center features were enriched in LNC, which contained specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets including CD4+ T cells that responded after a single injection with HIV Env Mosaic immunogens combined with adjuvant. Tissue-specific differences in response to an MHC-II dependent superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, indicated divergence in antigen presentation function between blood and lymph node. Conclusions LNC are phenotypically and functionally distinct from PBMC, suggesting that whole blood is only a limited proxy of the T cell lymphatic response to immunization. HIV-specific CD4+ T cells in the lymph node are rapidly inducible upon experimental injection with HIV immunogens. Monitoring evolution of CD4+ T cell memory in LNC with repeated experimental HIV immunization could indicate the strategies most likely to be successful in inducing HIV-specific bNAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Day
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charandeep Kaur
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Cheeseman
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily de Groot
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon R. McFarlane
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maniola Tanaka
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Coelho
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Cole
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nana-Marie Lemm
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Breast Radiology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Dept Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Becca Asquith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina M. Pollock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Visvabharathy L, Orban ZS, Koralnik IJ. Case report: Treatment of long COVID with a SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and IL-6 blockade in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and SARS-CoV-2 antigen persistence. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1003103. [PMID: 36213654 PMCID: PMC9537824 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1003103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in ∼30% of all infected individuals. Here, we present a case of PASC in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis characterized by viral persistence in the nasopharynx for 6 months after acute infection. We demonstrate transient disappearance of antigen persistence and decreased antiviral and autoimmune T cell responses after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and tocilizumab treatment. Case presentation A 37-year-old female with a 7-year history of rheumatoid arthritis enrolled in a COVID-19 research study was found to continuously test SARS-CoV-2 antigen positive in the nasopharynx for 6 months after acute infection. She simultaneously presented with new-onset PASC symptoms including chronic occipital headache and periods of intense fatigue 8 weeks after acute infection. The patient was prescribed nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to treat SARS-CoV-2 persistence at 3.5 months post-acute infection and observed a reduction in PASC symptoms 3 weeks after completing antiviral treatment. After resurgence of PASC symptoms, she stopped treatment with tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis to attempt complete SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance. The severity of the patient's PASC symptoms subsequently increased, and she developed new-onset brain fog in addition to previous symptoms, which resolved after resumption of tocilizumab treatment. Assessment of adaptive immune responses demonstrated that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and tocilizumab treatment decreased antiviral and autoreactive T cell activation. After resuming tocilizumab treatment, the patient's PASC symptoms were significantly reduced, but nasopharyngeal antigen positivity remained. Conclusion These data suggest that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir should be considered in the treatment of PASC in patients who have SARS-CoV-2 antigen persistence, though care must be taken to monitor the patient for symptom resurgence or viral reactivation. In addition, the IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab may ameliorate PASC symptoms in patients with persistent headache, fatigue, and brain fog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Visvabharathy
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Igor J. Koralnik
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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22
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Lee JH, Sutton HJ, Cottrell CA, Phung I, Ozorowski G, Sewall LM, Nedellec R, Nakao C, Silva M, Richey ST, Torres JL, Lee WH, Georgeson E, Kubitz M, Hodges S, Mullen TM, Adachi Y, Cirelli KM, Kaur A, Allers C, Fahlberg M, Grasperge BF, Dufour JP, Schiro F, Aye PP, Kalyuzhniy O, Liguori A, Carnathan DG, Silvestri G, Shen X, Montefiori DC, Veazey RS, Ward AB, Hangartner L, Burton DR, Irvine DJ, Schief WR, Crotty S. Long-primed germinal centres with enduring affinity maturation and clonal migration. Nature 2022; 609:998-1004. [PMID: 36131022 PMCID: PMC9491273 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centres are the engines of antibody evolution. Here, using human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Env protein immunogen priming in rhesus monkeys followed by a long period without further immunization, we demonstrate germinal centre B (BGC) cells that last for at least 6 months. A 186-fold increase in BGC cells was present by week 10 compared with conventional immunization. Single-cell transcriptional profiling showed that both light- and dark-zone germinal centre states were sustained. Antibody somatic hypermutation of BGC cells continued to accumulate throughout the 29-week priming period, with evidence of selective pressure. Env-binding BGC cells were still 49-fold above baseline at 29 weeks, which suggests that they could remain active for even longer periods of time. High titres of HIV-neutralizing antibodies were generated after a single booster immunization. Fully glycosylated HIV trimer protein is a complex antigen, posing considerable immunodominance challenges for B cells1,2. Memory B cells generated under these long priming conditions had higher levels of antibody somatic hypermutation, and both memory B cells and antibodies were more likely to recognize non-immunodominant epitopes. Numerous BGC cell lineage phylogenies spanning more than the 6-month germinal centre period were identified, demonstrating continuous germinal centre activity and selection for at least 191 days with no further antigen exposure. A long-prime, slow-delivery (12 days) immunization approach holds promise for difficult vaccine targets and suggests that patience can have great value for tuning of germinal centres to maximize antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Lee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry J Sutton
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ivy Phung
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leigh M Sewall
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Nakao
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara T Richey
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sam Hodges
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tina-Marie Mullen
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly M Cirelli
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Carolina Allers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Brooke F Grasperge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Jason P Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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23
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Cohen KW, Tian Y, Thayer C, Seese A, Amezquita R, McElrath MJ, De Rosa SC, Gottardo R. Th2-Biased Transcriptional Profile Predicts HIV Envelope-Specific Polyfunctional CD4 + T Cells That Correlated with Reduced Risk of Infection in RV144 Trial. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:526-534. [PMID: 35803696 PMCID: PMC9476163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ag-specific T cells play a critical role in responding to viral infections. In the RV144 HIV vaccine clinical trial, a rare subset of HIV-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells correlated with reduced risk of HIV-1 infection. Polyfunctional T cells are a subset of Ag-specific T cells that are able to simultaneously produce multiple effector cytokines. Little is known about what differentiates polyfunctional T cells from other vaccine-elicited T cells in humans. Therefore, we developed a novel live-cell multiplexed cytokine capture assay to identify, isolate, and transcriptionally profile vaccine-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells. We applied these methods to samples from subjects who received the RV144 vaccine regimen, as part of the HVTN 097 clinical trial. We identified two surface receptors (CD44 and CD82) upregulated on polyfunctional T cells and a Th2-biased transcriptional signature (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) that predicted the envelope-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cell profiles that had correlated with reduced risk of HIV infection in RV144. By linking single-cell transcriptional and functional profiles, we may be able to further define the potential contributions of polyfunctional T cells to effective vaccine-elicited immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Casey Thayer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert Amezquita
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; and
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;
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24
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Sahoo A, Jones AT, Cheedarla N, Gangadhara S, Roy V, Styles TM, Shiferaw A, Walter KL, Williams LD, Shen X, Ozorowski G, Lee WH, Burton S, Yi L, Song X, Qin ZS, Derdeyn CA, Ward AB, Clements JD, Varadarajan R, Tomaras GD, Kozlowski PA, Alter G, Amara RR. A clade C HIV-1 vaccine protects against heterologous SHIV infection by modulating IgG glycosylation and T helper response in macaques. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl4102. [PMID: 35867800 PMCID: PMC9410801 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The rising global HIV-1 burden urgently requires vaccines capable of providing heterologous protection. Here, we developed a clade C HIV-1 vaccine consisting of priming with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and boosting with cyclically permuted trimeric gp120 (CycP-gp120) protein, delivered either orally using a needle-free injector or through parenteral injection. We tested protective efficacy of the vaccine against intrarectal challenges with a pathogenic heterologous clade C SHIV infection in rhesus macaques. Both routes of vaccination induced a strong envelope-specific IgG in serum and rectal secretions directed against V1V2 scaffolds from a global panel of viruses with polyfunctional activities. Envelope-specific IgG showed lower fucosylation compared with total IgG at baseline, and most of the vaccine-induced proliferating blood CD4+ T cells did not express CCR5 and α4β7, markers associated with HIV target cells. After SHIV challenge, both routes of vaccination conferred significant and equivalent protection, with 40% of animals remaining uninfected at the end of six weekly repeated challenges with an estimated efficacy of 68% per exposure. Induction of envelope-specific IgG correlated positively with G1FB glycosylation, and G2S2F glycosylation correlated negatively with protection. Vaccine-induced TNF-α+ IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells and TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells expressing low levels of CCR5 in the rectum at prechallenge were associated with decreased risk of SHIV acquisition. These results demonstrate that the clade C MVA/CycP-gp120 vaccine provides heterologous protection against a tier2 SHIV rectal challenge by inducing a polyfunctional antibody response with distinct Fc glycosylation profile, as well as cytotoxic CD8 T cell response and CCR5-negative T helper response in the rectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusmita Sahoo
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew T Jones
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ayalnesh Shiferaw
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Korey L Walter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - LaTonya D Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Samantha Burton
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Lasanajak Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core (EGMIC), School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core (EGMIC), School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhaohui S Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John D Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 8638, USA
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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25
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Jo N, Zhang R, Ueno H, Yamamoto T, Weiskopf D, Nagao M, Yamanaka S, Hamazaki Y. Aging and CMV Infection Affect Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-Reactive CD8 + T Cells in Unexposed Individuals. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:719342. [PMID: 35822004 PMCID: PMC9261342 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.719342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for COVID-19 severity, and T cells play a central role in anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Because SARS-CoV-2-cross-reactive T cells have been detected in unexposed individuals, we investigated the age-related differences in pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells. SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells from young and elderly individuals were mainly detected in the central memory fraction and exhibited similar functionalities and numbers. Naïve-phenotype SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cell populations decreased markedly in the elderly, while those with terminally differentiated and senescent phenotypes increased. Furthermore, senescent SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cell populations were higher in cytomegalovirus seropositive young individuals compared to seronegative ones. Our findings suggest that age-related differences in pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cells may explain the poor outcomes in elderly patients and that cytomegalovirus infection is a potential factor affecting CD8+ T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, this study provides insights for developing effective therapeutic and vaccination strategies for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihide Jo
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yoko Hamazaki
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Pérez-Gómez A, Gasca-Capote C, Vitallé J, Ostos FJ, Serna-Gallego A, Trujillo-Rodríguez M, Muñoz-Muela E, Giráldez-Pérez T, Praena-Segovia J, Navarro-Amuedo MD, Paniagua-García M, García-Gutiérrez M, Aguilar-Guisado M, Rivas-Jeremías I, Jiménez-León MR, Bachiller S, Fernández-Villar A, Pérez-González A, Gutiérrez-Valencia A, Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia M, Weiskopf D, Sette A, López-Cortés LF, Poveda E, Ruiz-Mateos E. Deciphering the quality of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response associated with disease severity, immune memory and heterologous response. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e802. [PMID: 35415890 PMCID: PMC9005926 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response has been associated with disease severity, immune memory and heterologous response to endemic coronaviruses. However, an integrative approach combining a comprehensive analysis of the quality of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response with antibody levels in these three scenarios is needed. In the present study, we found that, in acute infection, while mild disease was associated with high T-cell polyfunctionality biased to IL-2 production and inversely correlated with anti-S IgG levels, combinations only including IFN-γ with the absence of perforin production predominated in severe disease. Seven months after infection, both non-hospitalised and previously hospitalised patients presented robust anti-S IgG levels and SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response. In addition, only previously hospitalised patients showed a T-cell exhaustion profile. Finally, combinations including IL-2 in response to S protein of endemic coronaviruses were the ones associated with SARS-CoV-2 S-specific T-cell response in pre-COVID-19 healthy donors' samples. These results could have implications for protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and recurrent COVID-19 and may help for the design of new prototypes and boosting vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pérez-Gómez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Gasca-Capote
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Joana Vitallé
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ostos
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Serna-Gallego
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Trujillo-Rodríguez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Esperanza Muñoz-Muela
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Giráldez-Pérez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Julia Praena-Segovia
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María D Navarro-Amuedo
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Paniagua-García
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel García-Gutiérrez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuela Aguilar-Guisado
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rivas-Jeremías
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Reyes Jiménez-León
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Bachiller
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Villar
- Pneumology Service, Galicia Sur Health Research Instituto (IIS Galicia Sur), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Pérez-González
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Vigo, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alicia Gutiérrez-Valencia
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mohammed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Luis F López-Cortés
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva Poveda
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | -
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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27
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Vijayan KKV, Cross KA, Curtis AD, Van Rompay KKA, Pollara J, Fox CB, Tomai M, Hanke T, Fouda G, Hudgens MG, Permar SR, De Paris K. Early Post-Vaccination Gene Signatures Correlate With the Magnitude and Function of Vaccine-Induced HIV Envelope-Specific Plasma Antibodies in Infant Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840976. [PMID: 35572573 PMCID: PMC9094446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the impact of early innate immune responses after vaccine priming on vaccine-elicited adaptive immune responses could inform rational design for effective HIV vaccines. The current study compared the whole blood molecular immune signatures of a 3M-052-SE adjuvanted HIV Env protein vaccine to a regimen combining the adjuvanted Env protein with simultaneous administration of a modified Vaccinia Ankara vector expressing HIV Env in infant rhesus macaques at days 0, 1, and 3 post vaccine prime. Both vaccines induced a rapid innate response, evident by elevated inflammatory plasma cytokines and altered gene expression. We identified 25 differentially-expressed genes (DEG) on day 1 compared to day 0 in the HIV protein vaccine group. In contrast, in the group that received both the Env protein and the MVA-Env vaccine only two DEG were identified, implying that the MVA-Env modified the innate response to the adjuvanted protein vaccine. By day 3, only three DEG maintained altered expression, indicative of the transient nature of the innate response. The DEG represented immune pathways associated with complement activation, type I interferon and interleukin signaling, pathogen sensing, and induction of adaptive immunity. DEG expression on day 1 was correlated to Env-specific antibody responses, in particular antibody-dependent cytotoxicity responses at week 34, and Env-specific follicular T helper cells. Results from network analysis supported the interaction of DEG and their proteins in B cell activation. These results emphasize that vaccine-induced HIV-specific antibody responses can be optimized through the modulation of the innate response to the vaccine prime.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Vidya Vijayan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, and Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A Cross
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alan D Curtis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, and Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Justin Pollara
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Departent of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research Materials Laboratory, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Genevieve Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, and Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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28
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Silva M, Kato Y, Melo MB, Phung I, Freeman BL, Li Z, Roh K, Van Wijnbergen JW, Watkins H, Enemuo CA, Hartwell BL, Chang JYH, Xiao S, Rodrigues KA, Cirelli KM, Li N, Haupt S, Aung A, Cossette B, Abraham W, Kataria S, Bastidas R, Bhiman J, Linde C, Bloom NI, Groschel B, Georgeson E, Phelps N, Thomas A, Bals J, Carnathan DG, Lingwood D, Burton DR, Alter G, Padera TP, Belcher AM, Schief WR, Silvestri G, Ruprecht RM, Crotty S, Irvine DJ. A particulate saponin/TLR agonist vaccine adjuvant alters lymph flow and modulates adaptive immunity. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabf1152. [PMID: 34860581 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu Kato
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ivy Phung
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian L Freeman
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhongming Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kangsan Roh
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jan W Van Wijnbergen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hannah Watkins
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chiamaka A Enemuo
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brittany L Hartwell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason Y H Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shuhao Xiao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kimberly M Cirelli
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sonya Haupt
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin Cossette
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Swati Kataria
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raiza Bastidas
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jinal Bhiman
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caitlyn Linde
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nathaniel I Bloom
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicole Phelps
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ayush Thomas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julia Bals
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Angela M Belcher
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ruth M Ruprecht
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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29
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Abrignani S, Addo R, Akdis M, Andrä I, Andreata F, Annunziato F, Arranz E, Bacher P, Bari S, Barnaba V, Barros-Martins J, Baumjohann D, Beccaria CG, Bernardo D, Boardman DA, Borger J, Böttcher C, Brockmann L, Burns M, Busch DH, Cameron G, Cammarata I, Cassotta A, Chang Y, Chirdo FG, Christakou E, Čičin-Šain L, Cook L, Corbett AJ, Cornelis R, Cosmi L, Davey MS, De Biasi S, De Simone G, del Zotto G, Delacher M, Di Rosa F, Di Santo J, Diefenbach A, Dong J, Dörner T, Dress RJ, Dutertre CA, Eckle SBG, Eede P, Evrard M, Falk CS, Feuerer M, Fillatreau S, Fiz-Lopez A, Follo M, Foulds GA, Fröbel J, Gagliani N, Galletti G, Gangaev A, Garbi N, Garrote JA, Geginat J, Gherardin NA, Gibellini L, Ginhoux F, Godfrey DI, Gruarin P, Haftmann C, Hansmann L, Harpur CM, Hayday AC, Heine G, Hernández DC, Herrmann M, Hoelsken O, Huang Q, Huber S, Huber JE, Huehn J, Hundemer M, Hwang WYK, Iannacone M, Ivison SM, Jäck HM, Jani PK, Keller B, Kessler N, Ketelaars S, Knop L, Knopf J, Koay HF, Kobow K, Kriegsmann K, Kristyanto H, Krueger A, Kuehne JF, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kvistborg P, Kwok I, Latorre D, Lenz D, Levings MK, Lino AC, Liotta F, Long HM, Lugli E, MacDonald KN, Maggi L, Maini MK, Mair F, Manta C, Manz RA, Mashreghi MF, Mazzoni A, McCluskey J, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Monin L, Moretta L, Multhoff G, Muñoz LE, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Muscate F, Natalini A, Neumann K, Ng LG, Niedobitek A, Niemz J, Almeida LN, Notarbartolo S, Ostendorf L, Pallett LJ, Patel AA, Percin GI, Peruzzi G, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Pracht K, Prinz I, Pujol-Autonell I, Pulvirenti N, Quatrini L, Quinn KM, Radbruch H, Rhys H, Rodrigo MB, Romagnani C, Saggau C, Sakaguchi S, Sallusto F, Sanderink L, Sandrock I, Schauer C, Scheffold A, Scherer HU, Schiemann M, Schildberg FA, Schober K, Schoen J, Schuh W, Schüler T, Schulz AR, Schulz S, Schulze J, Simonetti S, Singh J, Sitnik KM, Stark R, Starossom S, Stehle C, Szelinski F, Tan L, Tarnok A, Tornack J, Tree TIM, van Beek JJP, van de Veen W, van Gisbergen K, Vasco C, Verheyden NA, von Borstel A, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Warnatz K, Waskow C, Wiedemann A, Wilharm A, Wing J, Wirz O, Wittner J, Yang JHM, Yang J. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition). Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2708-3145. [PMID: 34910301 PMCID: PMC11115438 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Addo
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sudipto Bari
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristian G. Beccaria
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Marie Burns
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yinshui Chang
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Cook
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cornelis
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin S. Davey
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michael Delacher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine J. Dress
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascale Eede
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS, UMR8253, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Aida Fiz-Lopez
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Lighthouse Core Facility, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gemma A. Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Carolina Hernández
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoelsken
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna E. Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Y. K. Hwang
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Executive Offices, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine M. Ivison
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kessler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Knop
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny F. Kuehne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Lenz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine N. MacDonald
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Florian Mair
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calin Manta
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Armin Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Härtelstr.16, −18, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticia Monin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Muscate
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jana Niemz
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Lennard Ostendorf
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura J. Pallett
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amit A. Patel
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Gulce Itir Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nadia Pulvirenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kylie M. Quinn
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundorra, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hefin Rhys
- Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria B. Rodrigo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lieke Sanderink
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans U. Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel R. Schulz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Schulze
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jeeshan Singh
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M. Sitnik
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Stark
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin – BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Sanquin Research – Adaptive Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Starossom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Tornack
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy I. M. Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jasper J. P. van Beek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Vasco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Nikita A. Verheyden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten A. Ward-Hartstonge
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Wing
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Oliver Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Juhao Yang
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Juno JA, Hill DL. T follicular helper cells and their impact on humoral responses during pathogen and vaccine challenge. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 74:112-117. [PMID: 34861545 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are essential for the establishment, maintenance and output of the germinal centre (GC) response. The transient nature of this response, and its location within secondary lymphoid tissues have hampered our understanding of this critical cell type, particularly in humans. A counterpart of GC Tfh cells in peripheral blood has enabled recent discoveries in disease and vaccination settings, while direct sampling of lymph nodes provides exciting new avenues to study GC responses directly in vivo. Tfh differentiation is shaped by the cytokine milieu during inflammation, vaccination and with age, and disease-specific patterns are emerging. An improved understanding of how to support a Tfh response remains key to enhancing vaccine immunity across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Danika L Hill
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd., Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia.
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31
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Poon MML, Rybkina K, Kato Y, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Bloom NI, Zhang Z, Hastie KM, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Wells SB, Ural BB, Lam N, Szabo PA, Dogra P, Lee YS, Gray JI, Bradley MC, Brusko MA, Brusko TM, Saphire EO, Connors TJ, Sette A, Crotty S, Farber DL. SARS-CoV-2 infection generates tissue-localized immunological memory in humans. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabl9105. [PMID: 34618554 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl9105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M L Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ksenia Rybkina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yu Kato
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nathaniel I Bloom
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zeli Zhang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steven B Wells
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Basak B Ural
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nora Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yoon S Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua I Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marissa C Bradley
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Erica O Saphire
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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32
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Hill DL, Whyte CE, Innocentin S, Lee JL, Dooley J, Wang J, James EA, Lee JC, Kwok WW, Zand MS, Liston A, Carr EJ, Linterman MA. Impaired HA-specific T follicular helper cell and antibody responses to influenza vaccination are linked to inflammation in humans. eLife 2021; 10:e70554. [PMID: 34726156 PMCID: PMC8562996 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody production following vaccination can provide protective immunity to subsequent infection by pathogens such as influenza viruses. However, circumstances where antibody formation is impaired after vaccination, such as in older people, require us to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin successful vaccination in order to improve vaccine design for at-risk groups. Here, by studying the breadth of anti-haemagglutinin (HA) IgG, serum cytokines, and B and T cell responses by flow cytometry before and after influenza vaccination, we show that formation of circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells was associated with high-titre antibody responses. Using Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) class II tetramers, we demonstrate that HA-specific cTfh cells can derive from pre-existing memory CD4+ T cells and have a diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. In older people, the differentiation of HA-specific cells into cTfh cells was impaired. This age-dependent defect in cTfh cell formation was not due to a contraction of the TCR repertoire, but rather was linked with an increased inflammatory gene signature in cTfh cells. Together, this suggests that strategies that temporarily dampen inflammation at the time of vaccination may be a viable strategy to boost optimal antibody generation upon immunisation of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika L Hill
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Carly E Whyte
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Silvia Innocentin
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jia Le Lee
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - James Dooley
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jiong Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Eddie A James
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Translational Research Program and Tetramer Core LaboratorySeattleUnited States
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - William W Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Diabetes ProgramSeattleUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Martin S Zand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Adrian Liston
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward J Carr
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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33
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Zaric M, Marini A, Nielsen CM, Gupta G, Mekhaiel D, Pham TP, Elias SC, Taylor IJ, de Graaf H, Payne RO, Li Y, Silk SE, Williams C, Hill AVS, Long CA, Miura K, Biswas S. Poor CD4 + T Cell Immunogenicity Limits Humoral Immunity to P. falciparum Transmission-Blocking Candidate Pfs25 in Humans. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732667. [PMID: 34659219 PMCID: PMC8515144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) targeting the Pfs25 antigen have shown promise in mice but the same efficacy has never been achieved in humans. We have previously published pre-clinical data related to a TBV candidate Pfs25-IMX313 encoded in viral vectors which was very promising and hence progressed to human clinical trials. The results from the clinical trial of this vaccine were very modest. Here we unravel why, contrary to mice, this vaccine has failed to induce robust antibody (Ab) titres in humans to elicit transmission-blocking activity. We examined Pfs25-specific B cell and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell responses in mice and humans after vaccination with Pfs25-IMX313 encoded by replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 63 (ChAd63) and the attenuated orthopoxvirus modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) delivered in the heterologous prime-boost regimen via intramuscular route. We found that after vaccination, the Pfs25-IMX313 was immunologically suboptimal in humans compared to mice in terms of serum Ab production and antigen-specific B, CD4+ and Tfh cell responses. We identified that the key determinant for the poor anti-Pfs25 Ab formation in humans was the lack of CD4+ T cell recognition of Pfs25-IMX313 derived peptide epitopes. This is supported by correlations established between the ratio of proliferated antigen-specific CD4+/Tfh-like T cells, CXCL13 sera levels, and the corresponding numbers of circulating Pfs25-specific memory B cells, that consequently reflected on antigen-specific IgG sera levels. These correlations can inform the design of next-generation Pfs25-based vaccines for robust and durable blocking of malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zaric
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Marini
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn M Nielsen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Mekhaiel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thao P Pham
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sean C Elias
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona J Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans de Graaf
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth O Payne
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Silk
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Williams
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carole A Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sumi Biswas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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34
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Tjiam MC, Fernandez S, French MA. Characterising the Phenotypic Diversity of Antigen-Specific Memory B Cells Before and After Vaccination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738123. [PMID: 34650561 PMCID: PMC8505969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of B cell subsets and their contribution to vaccine-induced immunity in humans are not well elucidated but hold important implications for rational vaccine design. Prior studies demonstrate that B cell subsets distinguished by immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype expression exhibit divergent activation-induced fates. Here, the antigen-specific B cell response to tetanus toxoid (TTd) booster vaccination was examined in healthy adults, using a dual-TTd tetramer staining flow cytometry protocol. Unsupervised analyses of the data revealed that prior to vaccination, IgM-expressing CD27+ B cells accounted for the majority of TTd-binding B cells. 7 days following vaccination, there was an acute expansion of TTd-binding plasmablasts (PB) predominantly expressing IgG, and a minority expressing IgA or IgM. Frequencies of all PB subsets returned to baseline at days 14 and 21. TTd-binding IgG+ and IgA+ memory B cells (MBC) exhibited a steady and delayed maximal expansion compared to PB, peaking in frequencies at day 14. In contrast, the number of TTd-binding IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells and IgM-only CD27+ B cells remain unchanged following vaccination. To examine TTd-binding capacity of IgG+ MBC and IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells, surface TTd-tetramer was normalised to expression of the B cell receptor-associated CD79b subunit. CD79b-normalised TTd binding increased in IgG+ MBC, but remained unchanged in IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells, and correlated with the functional affinity index of plasma TTd-specific IgG antibodies, following vaccination. Finally, frequencies of activated (PD-1+ICOS+) circulating follicular helper T cells (cTFH), particularly of the CXCR3-CCR6- cTFH2 cell phenotype, at their peak expansion, strongly predicted antigen-binding capacity of IgG+ MBC. These data highlight the phenotypic and functional diversity of the B cell memory compartment, in their temporal kinetics, antigen-binding capacities and association with cTFH cells, and are important parameters for consideration in assessing vaccine-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christian Tjiam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sonia Fernandez
- Division of Immunology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Martyn A French
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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35
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Files JK, Sarkar S, Fram TR, Boppana S, Sterrett S, Qin K, Bansal A, Long DM, Sabbaj S, Kobie JJ, Goepfert PA, Erdmann N. Duration of post-COVID-19 symptoms is associated with sustained SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses. JCI Insight 2021; 6:151544. [PMID: 34143754 PMCID: PMC8410022 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of COVID-19 patients exhibit post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), but little is known about the immune signatures associated with these syndromes. We investigated longitudinal peripheral blood samples in 50 individuals with previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 20 who experienced prolonged duration of COVID-19 symptoms (lasting more than 30 days; median = 74 days) compared with 30 who had symptom resolution within 20 days. Individuals with prolonged symptom duration maintained antigen-specific T cell response magnitudes to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in CD4+ and circulating T follicular helper cell populations during late convalescence, while those without persistent symptoms demonstrated an expected decline. The prolonged group also displayed increased IgG avidity to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Significant correlations between symptom duration and both SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and antibodies were observed. Activation and exhaustion markers were evaluated in multiple immune cell types, revealing few phenotypic differences between prolonged and recovered groups, suggesting that prolonged symptom duration is not due to persistent systemic inflammation. These findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses are maintained in patients suffering from prolonged post-COVID-19 symptom duration in contrast to those with resolved symptoms and may suggest the persistence of viral antigens as an underlying etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K. Files
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Sanghita Sarkar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Tim R. Fram
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Sushma Boppana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Sarah Sterrett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Kai Qin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Anju Bansal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Dustin M. Long
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
| | - Steffanie Sabbaj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James J. Kobie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Paul A. Goepfert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathan Erdmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
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36
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D'Souza MP, Palin AC, Calder T, Golding H, Kleinstein SH, Milliken EL, O'Connor D, Tomaras G, Warren J, Boggiano C. Mind the gap from research laboratory to clinic: Challenges and opportunities for next-generation assays in human diseases. Vaccine 2021; 39:5233-5239. [PMID: 34366145 PMCID: PMC8343370 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Modern vaccinology has experienced major conceptual and technological advances over the past 30 years. These include atomic-level structures driving immunogen design, new vaccine delivery methods, powerful adjuvants, and novel animal models. In addition, utilizing advanced assays to learn how the immune system senses a pathogen and orchestrates protective immunity has been critical in the design of effective vaccines and therapeutics. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop in September 2020 focused on next generation assays for vaccine development (Table 1). The workshop focused on four critical pathogens: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—which have no licensed vaccines—and tuberculosis (TB) and influenza—both of which are in critical need of improved vaccines. The goal was to share progress and lessons learned, and to identify any commonalities that can be leveraged to design vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patricia D'Souza
- Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Amy C Palin
- Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Calder
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Georgia Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jon Warren
- Pre-clinical Research and Development Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Cesar Boggiano
- Pre-clinical Research and Development Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
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37
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Parr T, Bhat A, Zeidman P, Goel A, Billig AJ, Moran R, Friston KJ. Dynamic causal modelling of immune heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11400. [PMID: 34059775 PMCID: PMC8167139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An interesting inference drawn by some COVID-19 epidemiological models is that there exists a proportion of the population who are not susceptible to infection-even at the start of the current pandemic. This paper introduces a model of the immune response to a virus. This is based upon the same sort of mean-field dynamics as used in epidemiology. However, in place of the location, clinical status, and other attributes of people in an epidemiological model, we consider the state of a virus, B and T-lymphocytes, and the antibodies they generate. Our aim is to formalise some key hypotheses as to the mechanism of resistance. We present a series of simple simulations illustrating changes to the dynamics of the immune response under these hypotheses. These include attenuated viral cell entry, pre-existing cross-reactive humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity, and enhanced T-cell dependent immunity. Finally, we illustrate the potential application of this sort of model by illustrating variational inversion (using simulated data) of this model to illustrate its use in testing hypotheses. In principle, this furnishes a fast and efficient immunological assay-based on sequential serology-that provides a (1) quantitative measure of latent immunological responses and (2) a Bayes optimal classification of the different kinds of immunological response (c.f., glucose tolerance tests used to test for insulin resistance). This may be especially useful in assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Parr
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Anjali Bhat
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Peter Zeidman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aimee Goel
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | | | - Rosalyn Moran
- Centre for Neuroimaging Science, Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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38
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Pre-existing T Cell Memory against Zika Virus. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00132-21. [PMID: 33789994 PMCID: PMC8316092 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00132-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread rapidly into regions where dengue virus (DENV) is endemic, and flavivirus cross-reactive T cell responses have been observed repeatedly in animal models and in humans. Preexisting cellular immunity to DENV is thought to contribute to protection in subsequent ZIKV infection, but the epitope targets of cross-reactive T cell responses have not been comprehensively identified. Using human blood samples from the regions of Nicaragua and Sri Lanka where DENV is endemic that were collected before the global spread of ZIKV in 2016, we employed an in vitro expansion strategy to map ZIKV T cell epitopes in ZIKV-unexposed, DENV-seropositive donors. We identified 93 epitopes across the ZIKV proteome, and we observed patterns of immunodominance that were dependent on antigen size and sequence identity to DENV. We confirmed the immunogenicity of these epitopes through a computational HLA binding analysis, and we showed that cross-reactive T cells specifically recognize ZIKV peptides homologous to DENV sequences. We also found that these CD4 responses were derived from the memory T cell compartment. These data have implications for understanding the dynamics of flavivirus-specific T cell immunity in areas of endemicity. IMPORTANCE Multiple flaviviruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV) and the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), are prevalent in the same large tropical and equatorial areas, which are inhabited by hundreds of millions of people. The interplay of DENV and ZIKV infection is especially relevant, as these two viruses are endemic in largely overlapping regions, have significant sequence similarity, and share the same arthropod vector. Here, we define the targets of preexisting immunity to ZIKV in unexposed subjects in areas where dengue is endemic. We demonstrate that preexisting immunity to DENV could shape ZIKV-specific responses, and DENV-ZIKV cross-reactive T cell populations can be expanded by stimulation with ZIKV peptides. The issue of potential ZIKV and DENV cross-reactivity is of relevance for understanding patterns of natural immunity, as well as for the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines.
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39
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Olatunde AC, Hale JS, Lamb TJ. Cytokine-skewed Tfh cells: functional consequences for B cell help. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:536-550. [PMID: 33972167 PMCID: PMC9107098 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells play a vital role in providing help for B cells undergoing selection and differentiation into activated antibody-secreting cells in mammalian germinal centers (GCs). Increasing evidence suggests that Tfh cells are a heterogeneous population that generates cytokine-skewed immune responses - a reflection of the microenvironment during differentiation. This has important ramifications for Tfh-mediated B cell help. Because Tfh subsets can have opposing effects on GC B cell responses, we discuss current findings regarding the differentiation and functions of cytokine-skewed Tfh cells in modulating GC B cell differentiation. Antibodies are important weapons against infectious diseases but can also be pathogenic mediators in some autoimmune conditions. Since cytokine-skewed Tfh cells can influence the magnitude and quality of the humoral response, we address the roles of cytokine-skewed Tfh cells in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola C Olatunde
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 15 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J Scott Hale
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 15 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 15 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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40
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Balkhi MY. Mechanistic understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:268-275. [PMID: 33940513 PMCID: PMC8084627 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have triggered global pandemic that continue to impact adversely human health. New understanding has emerged about the innate and adaptive immune responses elicited in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The understanding of innate immune responses generated in hosts early in SARS-CoV-2 infection is vital for treatment efforts. Antiviral cytokines are released by innate immune cells in response to viral infections that play a pivotal role in limiting viral replication, pathology and generating optimal adaptive immune responses alongside the long-term memory responses against reinfections. One aspect of innate immune response generated against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo and which has received much attention has been high proinflammatory cytokine release in COVID-19 patients. Another vital discovery has been that the antiviral cytokine type I Interferon (IFN) family IFN-α mediates upregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) membrane protein in airway epithelial cells. ACE2 is a receptor that SARS-CoV-2 binds to infect host cells. New understanding has emerged about the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 induced exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine release as well as transcriptional regulation of ACE2. This review discusses various mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 induced exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine response as well as transcriptional regulation of ACE2 receptor. We further elaborate on adaptive and memory responses generated against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Y Balkhi
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; IT Bio, LLC, Nest.Bio Labs, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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41
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Wu X, Fajardo-Despaigne JE, Zhang C, Neppalli V, Banerji V, Johnston JB, Gibson SB, Marshall AJ. Altered T Follicular Helper Cell Subsets and Function in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674492. [PMID: 33996605 PMCID: PMC8113764 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (TFH) have specialized properties in promoting normal B cell activation but their role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is unknown. We find that TFH cells are elevated in CLL patients and are phenotypically abnormal, expressing higher levels of PD-1, TIGIT, CD40L, IFNγ and IL-21, and exhibiting abnormal composition of TFH1, TFH2 and TFH17 subsets. Frequencies of CD4-positive T cells expressing TFH1 markers and IL-21 were positively correlated with patient lymphocyte counts and RAI stage, suggesting that accumulation of abnormal TFH cells is concomitant with expansion of the leukemic B cell clone. Treatment with ibrutinib led to normalization of TFH frequencies and phenotype. TFH cells identified in CLL bone marrow display elevated expression of several functional markers compared to blood TFH cells. CLL T cell-B cell co-culture experiments revealed a correlation of patient TFH frequencies with functional ability of their CD4-positive T cells to promote CLL proliferation. Conversely, CLL cells can preferentially activate the TFH cell subset in co-culture. Together our results indicate that CLL development is associated with expansion of abnormal TFH populations that produce elevated levels of cytokines and costimulatory molecules which may help support CLL proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J Ernesto Fajardo-Despaigne
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Christine Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vishala Neppalli
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Versha Banerji
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - James B Johnston
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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42
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Adam L, Rosenbaum P, Bonduelle O, Combadière B. Strategies for Immunomonitoring after Vaccination and during Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:365. [PMID: 33918841 PMCID: PMC8070333 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomonitoring is the study of an individual's immune responses over the course of vaccination or infection. In the infectious context, exploring the innate and adaptive immune responses will help to investigate their contribution to viral control or toxicity. After vaccination, immunomonitoring of the correlate(s) and surrogate(s) of protection is a major asset for measuring vaccine immune efficacy. Conventional immunomonitoring methods include antibody-based technologies that are easy to use. However, promising sensitive high-throughput technologies allowed the emergence of holistic approaches. This raises the question of data integration methods and tools. These approaches allow us to increase our knowledge on immune mechanisms as well as the identification of key effectors of the immune response. However, the depiction of relevant findings requires a well-rounded consideration beforehand about the hypotheses, conception, organization and objectives of the immunomonitoring. Therefore, well-standardized and comprehensive studies fuel insight to design more efficient, rationale-based vaccines and therapeutics to fight against infectious diseases. Hence, we will illustrate this review with examples of the immunomonitoring approaches used during vaccination and the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Behazine Combadière
- Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (L.A.); (P.R.); (O.B.)
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43
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Ansari A, Arya R, Sachan S, Jha SN, Kalia A, Lall A, Sette A, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Coshic P, Sharma A, Gupta N. Immune Memory in Mild COVID-19 Patients and Unexposed Donors Reveals Persistent T Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636768. [PMID: 33777028 PMCID: PMC7991090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the causes of the diverse outcome of COVID-19 pandemic in different geographical locations is important for the worldwide vaccine implementation and pandemic control responses. We analyzed 42 unexposed healthy donors and 28 mild COVID-19 subjects up to 5 months from the recovery for SARS-CoV-2 specific immunological memory. Using HLA class II predicted peptide megapools, we identified SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells in around 66% of the unexposed individuals. Moreover, we found detectable immune memory in mild COVID-19 patients several months after recovery in the crucial arms of protective adaptive immunity; CD4+ T cells and B cells, with a minimal contribution from CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, the persistent immune memory in COVID-19 patients is predominantly targeted towards the Spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2. This study provides the evidence of both high magnitude pre-existing and persistent immune memory in Indian population. By providing the knowledge on cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, our work has implication for the development and implementation of vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Ansari
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Sachan
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Someshwar Nath Jha
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Lall
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Poonam Coshic
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nimesh Gupta
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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44
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Manouchehri N, Steinman L, Stuve O. Biological Significance of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Lessons Learned From Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:e935. [PMID: 33361386 PMCID: PMC7768959 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the pathogenic and diagnostic relevance of cellular and humoral immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) and pertinent observations made in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). METHODS Review of pertinent literature. RESULTS: There is at least 1 precedent for an antibody response against a viral pathogen that fails to provide host protection in the absence of immune-competent CD4+ T cells. PML is an infection of the CNS caused by JC virus (JCV), which commonly occurs during treatment with the therapeutic monoclonal antibody natalizumab. In this context, the humoral immune response fails to prevent JCV reactivation, and elevated anti-JCV serum indices are associated with a higher PML incidence. The more relevant immune-competent cells in host defense against JCV appear to be T cells. T cell-mediated responses are also detectable in convalescing patients with SARS-COV-2 irrespective of the humoral immune response. CONCLUSION Based on pathogenic lessons learned from PML under natalizumab therapy, we suggest the incorporation of functional assays that determine neutralizing properties of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. In addition, we outline the potential role of T-cell detection assays in determining herd immunity in a given population or in studying therapeutic responses to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Manouchehri
- From the Department of Neurology (N.M.), the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University, CA; and Neurology Section (O.S.), VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, VA Medical Center
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- From the Department of Neurology (N.M.), the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University, CA; and Neurology Section (O.S.), VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, VA Medical Center
| | - Olaf Stuve
- From the Department of Neurology (N.M.), the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University, CA; and Neurology Section (O.S.), VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, VA Medical Center
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45
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Ansari A, Arya R, Sachan S, Jha SN, Kalia A, Lall A, Sette A, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Coshic P, Sharma A, Gupta N. Immune memory in mild COVID-19 patients and unexposed donors from India reveals persistent T cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2020.11.16.20232967. [PMID: 33655267 PMCID: PMC7924292 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.16.20232967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the causes of the diverse outcome of COVID-19 pandemic in different geographical locations is important for the worldwide vaccine implementation and pandemic control responses. We analyzed 42 unexposed healthy donors and 28 mild COVID-19 subjects up to 5 months from the recovery for SARS-CoV-2 specific immunological memory. Using HLA class II predicted peptide megapools, we identified SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells in around 66% of the unexposed individuals. Moreover, we found detectable immune memory in mild COVID-19 patients several months after recovery in the crucial arms of protective adaptive immunity; CD4+ T cells and B cells, with a minimal contribution from CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, the persistent immune memory in COVID-19 patients is predominantly targeted towards the Spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2. This study provides the evidence of both high magnitude pre-existing and persistent immune memory in Indian population. By providing the knowledge on cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, our work has implication for the development and implementation of vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Ansari
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shilpa Sachan
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Someshwar Nath Jha
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anupam Lall
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Poonam Coshic
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nimesh Gupta
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
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46
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Bowyer G, Sharpe H, Venkatraman N, Ndiaye PB, Wade D, Brenner N, Mentzer A, Mair C, Waterboer T, Lambe T, Dieye T, Mboup S, Hill AVS, Ewer KJ. Reduced Ebola vaccine responses in CMV+ young adults is associated with expansion of CD57+KLRG1+ T cells. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151780. [PMID: 32413101 PMCID: PMC7336307 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CMV is associated with immunosenescence and reduced vaccine responses in the elderly (>70 yr). However, the impact of CMV in young adults is less clear. In this study, healthy UK and Senegalese adults aged 18–50 yr (average, 29 yr) were vaccinated with the Ebola vaccine candidate chimpanzee adenovirus type 3–vectored Ebola Zaire vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) and boosted with modified vaccinia Ankara Ebola Zaire–vectored (MVA–EBO-Z) vaccine. CMV carriage was associated with an expansion of phenotypically senescent CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CD57 and killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), which was negatively associated with vaccine responses in both cohorts. Ebola-specific T cell responses induced by vaccination also contained significantly increased frequencies of terminally differentiated CD57+KLRG1+ cells in CMV seropositive (CMV+) individuals. This study suggests that CMV can also affect vaccine responses in younger adults and may have a particularly marked impact in many developing countries where CMV seroprevalence is almost universal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Djibril Wade
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nicole Brenner
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alex Mentzer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tandakha Dieye
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Katie J Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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47
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Mendoza P, Jackson JR, Oliveira TY, Gaebler C, Ramos V, Caskey M, Jankovic M, Nussenzweig MC, Cohn LB. Antigen-responsive CD4+ T cell clones contribute to the HIV-1 latent reservoir. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151689. [PMID: 32311008 PMCID: PMC7336300 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy suppresses but does not cure HIV-1 infection due to the existence of a long-lived reservoir of latently infected cells. The reservoir has an estimated half-life of 44 mo and is largely composed of clones of infected CD4+ T cells. The long half-life appears to result in part from expansion and contraction of infected CD4+ T cell clones. However, the mechanisms that govern this process are poorly understood. To determine whether the clones might result from and be maintained by exposure to antigen, we measured responses of reservoir cells to a small subset of antigens from viruses that produce chronic or recurrent infections. Despite the limited panel of test antigens, clones of antigen-responsive CD4+ T cells containing defective or intact latent proviruses were found in seven of eight individuals studied. Thus, chronic or repeated exposure to antigen may contribute to the longevity of the HIV-1 reservoir by stimulating the clonal expansion of latently infected CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Mendoza
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | - Thiago Y Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Christian Gaebler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Victor Ramos
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Marina Caskey
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Mila Jankovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lillian B Cohn
- The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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48
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Malherbe DC, Vang L, Mendy J, Barnette PT, Spencer DA, Reed J, Kareko BW, Sather DN, Pandey S, Wibmer CK, Robins H, Fuller DH, Park B, Lakhashe SK, Wilson JM, Axthelm MK, Ruprecht RM, Moore PL, Sacha JB, Hessell AJ, Alexander J, Haigwood NL. Modified Adenovirus Prime-Protein Boost Clade C HIV Vaccine Strategy Results in Reduced Viral DNA in Blood and Tissues Following Tier 2 SHIV Challenge. Front Immunol 2021; 11:626464. [PMID: 33658998 PMCID: PMC7917243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.626464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing immunogens and improving delivery methods eliciting protective immunity is a paramount goal of HIV vaccine development. A comparative vaccine challenge study was performed in rhesus macaques using clade C HIV Envelope (Env) and SIV Gag antigens. One group was vaccinated using co-immunization with DNA Gag and Env expression plasmids cloned from a single timepoint and trimeric Env gp140 glycoprotein from one of these clones (DNA+Protein). The other group was a prime-boost regimen composed of two replicating simian (SAd7) adenovirus-vectored vaccines expressing Gag and one Env clone from the same timepoint as the DNA+Protein group paired with the same Env gp140 trimer (SAd7+Protein). The env genes were isolated from a single pre-peak neutralization timepoint approximately 1 year post infection in CAP257, an individual with a high degree of neutralization breadth. Both DNA+Protein and SAd7+Protein vaccine strategies elicited significant Env-specific T cell responses, lesser Gag-specific responses, and moderate frequencies of Env-specific TFH cells. Both vaccine modalities readily elicited systemic and mucosal Env-specific IgG but not IgA. There was a higher frequency and magnitude of ADCC activity in the SAd7+Protein than the DNA+Protein arm. All macaques developed moderate Tier 1 heterologous neutralizing antibodies, while neutralization of Tier 1B or Tier 2 viruses was sporadic and found primarily in macaques in the SAd7+Protein group. Neither vaccine approach provided significant protection from viral acquisition against repeated titered mucosal challenges with a heterologous Tier 2 clade C SHIV. However, lymphoid and gut tissues collected at necropsy showed that animals in both vaccine groups each had significantly lower copies of viral DNA in individual tissues compared to levels in controls. In the SAd7+Protein-vaccinated macaques, total and peak PBMC viral DNA were significantly lower compared with controls. Taken together, this heterologous Tier 2 SHIV challenge study shows that combination vaccination with SAd7+Protein was superior to combination DNA+Protein in reducing viral seeding in tissues in the absence of protection from infection, thus emphasizing the priming role of replication-competent SAd7 vector. Despite the absence of correlates of protection, because antibody responses were significantly higher in this vaccine group, we hypothesize that vaccine-elicited antibodies contribute to limiting tissue viral seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine C Malherbe
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Lo Vang
- Emergent BioSolutions, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jason Mendy
- Emergent BioSolutions, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Philip T Barnette
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - David A Spencer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Jason Reed
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Bettie W Kareko
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - D Noah Sather
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shilpi Pandey
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Constantinos K Wibmer
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Harlan Robins
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Byung Park
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Samir K Lakhashe
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Ruth M Ruprecht
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Penny L Moore
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.,Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | | | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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49
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Lee JH, Hu JK, Georgeson E, Nakao C, Groschel B, Dileepan T, Jenkins MK, Seumois G, Vijayanand P, Schief WR, Crotty S. Modulating the quantity of HIV Env-specific CD4 T cell help promotes rare B cell responses in germinal centers. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201254. [PMID: 33355623 PMCID: PMC7769167 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunodominance to nonneutralizing epitopes is a roadblock in designing vaccines against several diseases of high interest. One hypothetical possibility is that limited CD4 T cell help to B cells in a normal germinal center (GC) response results in selective recruitment of abundant, immunodominant B cells. This is a central issue in HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) vaccine designs, because precursors to broadly neutralizing epitopes are rare. Here, we sought to elucidate whether modulating the quantity of T cell help can influence recruitment and competition of broadly neutralizing antibody precursor B cells at a physiological precursor frequency in response to Env trimer immunization. To do so, two new Env-specific CD4 transgenic (Tg) T cell receptor (TCR) mouse lines were generated, carrying TCR pairs derived from Env-protein immunization. Our results suggest that CD4 T cell help quantitatively regulates early recruitment of rare B cells to GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Lee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joyce K. Hu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Catherine Nakao
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Thamotharampillai Dileepan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Marc K. Jenkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - William R. Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Helmold Hait S, Hogge CJ, Rahman MA, Hunegnaw R, Mushtaq Z, Hoang T, Robert-Guroff M. T FH Cells Induced by Vaccination and Following SIV Challenge Support Env-Specific Humoral Immunity in the Rectal-Genital Tract and Circulation of Female Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608003. [PMID: 33584682 PMCID: PMC7876074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells are pivotal in lymph node (LN) germinal center (GC) B cell affinity maturation. Circulating CXCR5+ CD4+ T (cTFH) cells have supported memory B cell activation and broadly neutralizing antibodies in HIV controllers. We investigated the contribution of LN SIV-specific TFH and cTFH cells to Env-specific humoral immunity in female rhesus macaques following a mucosal Ad5hr-SIV recombinant priming and SIV gp120 intramuscular boosting vaccine regimen and following SIV vaginal challenge. TFH and B cells were characterized by flow cytometry. B cell help was evaluated in TFH-B cell co-cultures and by real-time PCR. Vaccination induced Env-specific TFH and Env-specific memory (ESM) B cells in LNs. LN Env-specific TFH cells post-priming and GC ESM B cells post-boosting correlated with rectal Env-specific IgA titers, and GC B cells at the same timepoints correlated with vaginal Env-specific IgG titers. Vaccination expanded cTFH cell responses, including CD25+ Env-specific cTFH cells that correlated negatively with vaginal Env-specific IgG titers but positively with rectal Env-specific IgA titers. Although cTFH cells post-2nd boost positively correlated with viral-loads following SIV challenge, cTFH cells of SIV-infected and protected macaques supported maturation of circulating B cells into plasma cells and IgA release in co-culture. Additionally, cTFH cells of naïve macaques promoted upregulation of genes associated with B cell proliferation, BCR engagement, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production, highlighting the role of cTFH cells in blood B cell maturation. Vaccine-induced LN TFH and GC B cells supported anti-viral mucosal immunity while cTFH cells provided B cell help in the periphery during immunization and after SIV challenge. Induction of TFH responses in blood and secondary lymphoid organs is likely desirable for protective efficacy of HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher James Hogge
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ruth Hunegnaw
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zuena Mushtaq
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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