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Zhang M, Lang Y, Li W. Multiplexed CRISPR-Cas system targeting ASFV genes in vivo: solution lies within. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0071424. [PMID: 39109857 PMCID: PMC11370621 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00714-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) posed a significant threat to the global swine breeding industry, calling for innovative approaches benefiting viral containment and control. A recent study (Z. Zheng, L. Xu, H. Dou, Y. Zhou, X., et al., Microbiol Spectr 12: e02164-23, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02164-23) established a multiplexed CRISPR-Cas system targeting the genome of ASFV and tested the consequent antiviral activity both in vitro and in vivo. Application of this system showed a significant reduction of viral replication in vitro, while the germline-edited pigs expressing this system exhibited normal growth with continuous guide RNA expression. Although no survival advantage was observed upon ASFV challenge compared with nonengineered pigs, this marks the first attempt of germline editing to pursue ASFV resistance and paves the way for future disease-resistant animal breeding approaches utilizing CRISPR-Cas technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Lang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Huang T, Li F, Xia Y, Zhao J, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Qian Y, Zou X. African Swine Fever Virus Immunosuppression and Virulence-Related Gene. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8268-8281. [PMID: 39194705 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly contagious pathogen characterized by a complex structure and a variety of immunosuppression proteins, causes hemorrhagic, acute, and aggressive infectious disease that severely injures the pork products and industry. However, there is no effective vaccine or treatment. The main reasons are not only the complex mechanisms that lead to immunosuppression but also the unknown functions of various proteins. This review summarizes the interaction between ASFV and the host immune system, along with the involvement of virulence-related genes and proteins, as well as the corresponding molecular mechanism of immunosuppression of ASFV, encompassing pathways such as cGAS-STING, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Janus Kinase (JAK) and JAK Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT), apoptosis, and other modulation. The aim is to summarize the dynamic process during ASFV infection and entry into the host cell, provide a rational insight into development of a vaccine, and provide a better clear knowledge of how ASFV impacts the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangtao Li
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingju Xia
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yebing Liu
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingjuan Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingqi Zou
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
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Venkateswaran D, Prakash A, Nguyen QA, Salman M, Suntisukwattana R, Atthaapa W, Tantituvanont A, Lin H, Songkasupa T, Nilubol D. Comprehensive Characterization of the Genetic Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus: Insights into Infection Dynamics, Immunomodulation, Virulence and Genes with Unknown Function. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2187. [PMID: 39123713 PMCID: PMC11311002 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a lethal contagious hemorrhagic viral disease affecting the swine population. The causative agent is African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). There is no treatment or commercial vaccine available at present. This virus poses a significant threat to the global swine industry and economy, with 100% mortality rate in acute cases. ASFV transmission occurs through both direct and indirect contact, with control measures limited to early detection, isolation, and culling of infected pigs. ASFV exhibits a complex genomic structure and encodes for more than 50 structural and 100 non-structural proteins and has 150 to 167 open reading frames (ORFs). While many of the proteins are non-essential for viral replication, they play crucial roles in mediating with the host to ensure longevity and transmission of virus in the host. The dynamic nature of ASFV research necessitates constant updates, with ongoing exploration of various genes and their functions, vaccine development, and other ASF-related domains. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the structural and functional roles of both newly discovered and previously recorded genes involved in distinct stages of ASFV infection and immunomodulation. Additionally, the review discusses the virulence genes and genes with unknown functions, and proposes future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhithya Venkateswaran
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anwesha Prakash
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Quynh Anh Nguyen
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Roypim Suntisukwattana
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Waranya Atthaapa
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Angkana Tantituvanont
- Department of Pharmaceutic and Industrial Pharmacies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hongyao Lin
- MSD Animal Health Innovation Pte Ltd., Singapore 718847, Singapore
| | - Tapanut Songkasupa
- National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, 50/2 Kasetklang, Phahonyothin 45-15, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Huang S, Yang L, Zheng R, Weng S, He J, Xie J. Nervous necrosis virus capsid protein and Protein A dynamically modulate the fish cGAS-mediated IFN signal pathway to facilitate viral evasion. J Virol 2024; 98:e0068624. [PMID: 38888343 PMCID: PMC11264591 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00686-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), an aquatic RNA virus belonging to Betanodavirus, infects a variety of marine and freshwater fishes, leading to massive mortality of cultured larvae and juveniles and substantial economic losses. The enzyme cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) is widely recognized as a central component in the innate immune response to cytosolic DNA derived from different pathogens. However, little is known about the response of cGAS to aquatic RNA viruses. This study found that Epinephelus coioides cGAS (EccGAS) overexpression inhibited NNV replication, whereas EccGAS silencing promoted NNV replication. The anti-NNV activity of EccGAS was involved in interferon (IFN) signaling activation including tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) phosphorylation, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) nuclear translocation, and the subsequent induction of IFNc and ISGs. Interestingly, NNV employed its capsid protein (CP) or Protein A (ProA) to negatively or positively modulate EccGAS-mediated IFN signaling by simultaneously targeting EccGAS. CP interacted with EccGAS via the arm-P, S-P, and SD structural domains and promoted its polyubiquitination with K48 and K63 linkages in an EcUBE3C (the ubiquitin ligase)-dependent manner, ultimately leading to EccGAS degradation. Conversely, ProA bound to EccGAS and inhibited its ubiquitination and degradation. In regulating EccGAS protein content, CP's inhibitory action was more pronounced than ProA's protective effect, allowing successful NNV replication. These novel findings suggest that NNV CP and ProA dynamically modulate the EccGAS-mediated IFN signaling pathway to facilitate the immune escape of NNV. Our findings shed light on a novel mechanism of virus-host interaction and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of NNV.IMPORTANCEAs a well-known DNA sensor, cGAS is a pivotal component in innate anti-viral immunity to anti-DNA viruses. Although there is growing evidence regarding the function of cGAS in the resistance to RNA viruses, the mechanisms by which cGAS participates in RNA virus-induced immune responses in fish and how aquatic viruses evade cGAS-mediated immune surveillance remain elusive. Here, we investigated the detailed mechanism by which EccGAS positively regulates the anti-NNV response. Furthermore, NNV CP and ProA interacted with EccGAS, regulating its protein levels through ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, to dynamically modulate the EccGAS-mediated IFN signaling pathway and facilitate viral evasion. Notably, NNV CP was identified to promote the ubiquitination of EccGAS via ubiquitin ligase EcUBE3C. These findings unveil a novel strategy for aquatic RNA viruses to evade cGAS-mediated innate immunity, enhancing our understanding of virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Huang Z, Mai Z, Kong C, You J, Lin S, Gao C, Zhang W, Chen X, Xie Q, Wang H, Tang S, Zhou P, Gong L, Zhang G. African swine fever virus pB475L evades host antiviral innate immunity via targeting STAT2 to inhibit IFN-I signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107472. [PMID: 38879005 PMCID: PMC11328877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes severe disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, seriously threatening the development of the global pig industry. Type I interferon (IFN-I) is an important component of innate immunity, inducing the transcription and expression of antiviral cytokines by activating Janus-activated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ASFV antagonizes IFN-I signaling have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, using coimmunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and dual luciferase reporter assay methods, we investigated these mechanisms and identified a novel ASFV immunosuppressive protein, pB475L, which interacts with the C-terminal domain of STAT2. Consequently, pB475L inhibited IFN-I signaling by inhibiting STAT1 and STAT2 heterodimerization and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, we constructed an ASFV-B475L7PM mutant strain by homologous recombination, finding that ASFV-B475L7PM attenuated the inhibitory effects on IFN-I signaling compared to ASFV-WT. In summary, this study reveals a new mechanism by which ASFV impairs host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanzhuo Mai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyi You
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sizhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenBo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiu Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Wang S, Xiang Z, Gao P, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Han J, Yang H. African swine fever virus structural protein p17 inhibits IRF3 activation by recruiting host protein PR65A and inducing apoptotic degradation of STING. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1428233. [PMID: 38957619 PMCID: PMC11217484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1428233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is notoriously known for evolving strategies to modulate IFN signaling. Despite lots of efforts, the underlying mechanisms have remained incompletely understood. This study concerns the regulatory role of viral inner membrane protein p17. We found that the ASFV p17 shows a preferential interaction with cGAS-STING-IRF3 pathway, but not the RIG-I-MAVS-NF-κB signaling, and can inhibit both poly(I:C)- and poly(A:T)-induced activation of IRF3, leading to attenuation of IFN-β induction. Mechanistically, p17 interacts with STING and IRF3 and recruits host scaffold protein PR65A, a subunit of cellular phosphatase PP2A, to down-regulate the level of p-IRF3. Also, p17 targets STING for partial degradation via induction of cellular apoptosis that consequently inhibits activation of both p-TBK1 and p-IRF3. Thus, our findings reveal novel regulatory mechanisms for p17 modulation of IFN signaling and shed light on the intricate interplay between ASFV proteins and host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinna Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Chen S, Wang T, Luo R, Lu Z, Lan J, Sun Y, Fu Q, Qiu HJ. Genetic Variations of African Swine Fever Virus: Major Challenges and Prospects. Viruses 2024; 16:913. [PMID: 38932205 PMCID: PMC11209373 DOI: 10.3390/v16060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease affecting pigs and wild boars. It typically presents as a hemorrhagic fever but can also manifest in various forms, ranging from acute to asymptomatic. ASF has spread extensively globally, significantly impacting the swine industry. The complex and highly variable character of the ASFV genome makes vaccine development and disease surveillance extremely difficult. The overall trend in ASFV evolution is towards decreased virulence and increased transmissibility. Factors such as gene mutation, viral recombination, and the strain-specificity of virulence-associated genes facilitate viral variations. This review deeply discusses the influence of these factors on viral immune evasion, pathogenicity, and the ensuing complexities encountered in vaccine development, disease detection, and surveillance. The ultimate goal of this review is to thoroughly explore the genetic evolution patterns and variation mechanisms of ASFV, providing a theoretical foundation for advancement in vaccine and diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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8
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Liu W, Yang L, Di C, Sun J, Liu P, Liu H. Nonstructural Protein A238L of the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Enhances Antiviral Immune Responses by Activating the TBK1-IRF3 Pathway. Vet Sci 2024; 11:252. [PMID: 38921999 PMCID: PMC11209439 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with an envelope. ASFV has almost the largest genome among all DNA viruses, and its mechanisms of immune evasion are complex. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ASFV genes will improve vaccine design. A238L, a nonstructural protein of ASFV, inhibits NF-κB activation by suppressing the HAT activity of p300. Whether A238L also affects the transcriptional activity of IRF3 remains unexplored. Here we first confirmed the ability of A238L to suppress NF-κB-activity in L929 cells. A238L inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. In contrast, A238L increased the phosphorylation levels of TBK1 and IRF3 in three different cell lines. A238L increases the IRF3-driven promoter activity and induces IRF3 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, A238L enhanced innate antiviral immunity in the absence or presence of poly d (A:T) or poly (I:C) stimulation, or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or Sendai virus (SeV) infection. This study reveals a previously unrecognized role of A238L in promoting antiviral immune responses by TBK1-IRF3 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lanlan Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.L.)
| | - Chuanyuan Di
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.L.)
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.L.)
| | - Penggang Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huisheng Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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9
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Weng C, Huang L, Ye G. Joint deletion of multifunctional MGF505-7R and H240R genes generates a safe and effective African swine fever virus attenuated live vaccine candidate. Virol Sin 2024; 39:355-357. [PMID: 38697264 PMCID: PMC11279772 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
•MGF505-7R and H240R are virulence-related genes. •ASFV-ΔMGF505-7R- ΔH240R is attenuated. •The candidate vaccine is safe and protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Guangqiang Ye
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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10
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Yao M, Cao H, Li W, Hu Z, Rong Z, Yin M, Tian L, Hu D, Li X, Qian P. African swine fever virus MGF505-6R attenuates type I interferon production by targeting STING for degradation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380220. [PMID: 38799458 PMCID: PMC11116646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute hemorrhagic and devastating infectious disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. It is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is characterized by genetic diversity and sophisticated immune evasion strategies. To facilitate infection, ASFV encodes multiple proteins to antagonize host innate immune responses, thereby contributing to viral virulence and pathogenicity. The molecular mechanisms employed by ASFV-encoded proteins to modulate host antiviral responses have not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, it was observed that the ASFV MGF505-6R protein, a member of the multigene family 505 (MGF505), effectively suppressed the activation of the interferon-beta (IFN-β) promoter, leading to reduced mRNA levels of antiviral genes. Additional evidence has revealed that MGF505-6R antagonizes the cGAS-STING signaling pathway by interacting with the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) for degradation in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. The domain mapping revealed that the N-terminal region (1-260aa) of MGF505-6R is the primary domain responsible for interacting with STING, while the CTT domain of STING is crucial for its interaction with MGF505-6R. Furthermore, MGF505-6R also inhibits the activation of STING by reducing the K63-linked polyubiquitination of STING, leading to the disruption of STING oligomerization and TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) recruitment, thereby impairing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Collectively, our study elucidates a novel strategy developed by ASFV MGF505-6R to counteract host innate immune responses. This discovery may offer valuable insights for further exploration of ASFV immune evasion mechanisms and antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wentao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zihui Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenxiang Rong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengge Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linxing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dayue Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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11
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Lai DC, Chaudhari J, Vu HLX. African swine fever virus early protein pI73R suppresses the type-I IFN promoter activities. Virus Res 2024; 343:199342. [PMID: 38408646 PMCID: PMC10918272 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever virus is known to suppress type-I interferon (IFN) responses. The main objective of this study was to screen early-expressed viral genes for their ability to suppress IFN production. Out of 16 early genes examined, I73R exhibited robust suppression of cGAS-STING-induced IFN-β promoter activities, impeding the function of both IRF3 and NF-κB transcription factors. As a result, I73R obstructed IRF3 nuclear translocation following the treatment of cells with poly(dA:dT), a strong inducer of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Although the I73R protein exhibits structural homology with the Zα domain binding to the left-handed helical form of DNA known as Z-DNA, its ability to suppress cGAS-STING induction of IFN-β was independent of Z-DNA binding activity. Instead, the α3 and β1 domains of I73R played a significant role in suppressing cGAS-STING induction of IFN-β. These findings offer insights into the protein's functions and support its role as a virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh Cong Lai
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | | | - Hiep L X Vu
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States.
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12
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Xu Y, Wu L, Hong J, Chi X, Zheng M, Wang L, Chen JL, Guo G. African swine fever virus A137R protein inhibits NF-κB activation via suppression of MyD88 signaling in PK15 and 3D4/21 cells in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110067. [PMID: 38564905 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease with high mortality caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which poses a great threat to the global swine industry. ASFV has evolved multiple strategies to evade host antiviral innate immunity by perturbing inflammatory responses and interferon production. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying manipulation of inflammatory responses by ASFV proteins are not fully understood. Here, we report that A137R protein of ASFV is a key suppressor of host inflammatory responses. Ectopic expression of ASFV A137R in HEK293T cells significantly inhibited the activation of IL-8 and NF-κB promoters triggered by Sendai virus (SeV), influenza A virus (IAV), or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Accordingly, forced A137R expression caused a significant decrease in the production of several inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α in the cells infected with SeV or IAV. Similar results were obtained from experiments using A137R overexpressing PK15 and 3D4/21 cells infected with SeV or VSV. Furthermore, we observed that A137R impaired the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, as enhanced expression of A137R significantly decreased the phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and p65 respectively upon viral infection (SeV or IAV) and IL-1β treatment. Mechanistically, we found that A137R interacted with MyD88, and dampened MyD88-mediated activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Together, these findings uncover a critical role of A137R in restraining host inflammatory responses, and improve our understanding of complicated mechanisms whereby ASFV evades innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinxuan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meichun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Guijie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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13
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Shi Z, Yang X, Shi X, Zhang D, Zhao D, Hao Y, Yang J, Bie X, Yan W, Chen G, Chen L, Liu X, Zheng H, Zhang K. Identification and verification of the role of key metabolites and metabolic pathways on ASFV replication. iScience 2024; 27:109345. [PMID: 38500823 PMCID: PMC10946325 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection usually causes viremia within a few days. However, the metabolic changes in pig serum after ASFV infection remain unclear. In this study, serum samples collected from ASFV-infected pigs at different times were analyzed using pseudotargeted metabolomics method. Metabolomic analysis revealed the dopaminergic synapse pathway has the highest rich factor in both ASFV5 and ASFV10 groups. By disrupting the dopamine synaptic pathway, dopamine receptor antagonists inhibited ASFV replication and L-dopa promoted ASFV replication. In addition, guanosine, one of the top20 changed metabolites in both ASFV5 and ASFV10 groups suppressed the replication of ASFV. Taken together, this study revealed the changed serum metabolite profiles of ASFV-infected pigs at various times after infection and verified the effect of the changed metabolites and metabolic pathways on ASFV replication. These findings may contribute to understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of ASFV and the development of target drugs to control ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunji Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dengshuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xintian Bie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenqian Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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14
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Sunwoo SY, García-Belmonte R, Walczak M, Vigara-Astillero G, Kim DM, Szymankiewicz K, Kochanowski M, Liu L, Tark D, Podgórska K, Revilla Y, Pérez-Núñez D. Deletion of MGF505-2R Gene Activates the cGAS-STING Pathway Leading to Attenuation and Protection against Virulent African Swine Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:407. [PMID: 38675789 PMCID: PMC11054455 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent causing African swine fever (ASF), affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, which is currently the biggest animal epidemic in the world and a major threat to the swine sector. At present, some safety concerns about using LAVs against ASFV still exist despite a commercial vaccine licensed in Vietnam. Therefore, the efforts to identify virulence factors and their mechanisms, as well as to generate new vaccine prototypes, are of major interest. In this work, we have identified the MGF505-2R gene product as an inhibitor of the cGAS/STING pathway, specifically through its interaction with STING protein, controlling IFN-β production. In addition, immunization of a recombinant virus lacking this gene, Arm/07-ΔMGF505-2R, resulted in complete attenuation, demonstrating its involvement in ASFV virulence. Finally, immunization with Arm/07-ΔMGF505-2R induced the generation of antibodies and proved to be partially protective against virulent ASFV strains. These results identify MGF505-2R, as well as its mechanism of action, as a gene contributing to understanding the molecular mechanisms of ASFV virulence, which will be of great value in the design of future vaccine prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Sunwoo
- Careside Co., Ltd., Sagimakgol-ro 45 Beongil 14, Seongnam-si 13209, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Raquel García-Belmonte
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (G.V.-A.)
| | - Marek Walczak
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Gonzalo Vigara-Astillero
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (G.V.-A.)
| | - Dae-Min Kim
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Ma-dong, Iksan 54531, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (D.-M.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Krzesimir Szymankiewicz
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Maciej Kochanowski
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish Veterinary Agency, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Ma-dong, Iksan 54531, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (D.-M.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Katarzyna Podgórska
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Yolanda Revilla
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (G.V.-A.)
| | - Daniel Pérez-Núñez
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (G.V.-A.)
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15
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Liu X, Chen H, Ye G, Liu H, Feng C, Chen W, Hu L, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang X, He X, Guan Y, Wu Z, Zhao D, Bu Z, Weng C, Huang L. African swine fever virus pB318L, a trans-geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase, negatively regulates cGAS-STING and IFNAR-JAK-STAT signaling pathways. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012136. [PMID: 38620034 PMCID: PMC11018288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and severe infectious disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). ASFV has evolved multiple strategies to escape host antiviral immune responses. Here, we reported that ASFV pB318L, a trans-geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase, reduced the expression of type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Mechanically, pB318L not only interacted with STING to reduce the translocation of STING from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus but also interacted with IFN receptors to reduce the interaction of IFNAR1/TYK2 and IFNAR2/JAK1. Of note, ASFV with interruption of B318L gene (ASFV-intB318L) infected PAMs produces more IFN-I and ISGs than that in PAMs infected with its parental ASFV HLJ/18 at the late stage of infection. Consistently, the pathogenicity of ASFV-intB318L is attenuated in piglets compared with its parental virus. Taken together, our data reveal that B318L gene may partially affect ASFV pathogenicity by reducing the production of IFN-I and ISGs. This study provides a clue to design antiviral agents or live attenuated vaccines to prevent and control ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hefeng Chen
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guangqiang Ye
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunying Feng
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Hu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xijun He
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntao Guan
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengshuang Wu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Huang
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
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16
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Sun F, Ma W, Wang H, He H. Tegument protein UL3 of bovine herpesvirus 1 suppresses antiviral IFN-I signaling by targeting STING for autophagic degradation. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110031. [PMID: 38412580 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a highly contagious pathogen which causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle worldwide. Although it has the ability to evade the host's antiviral innate immune response and establish persistent latent infections, the mechanisms are not fully understood, especially the function of the tegument protein to escape innate immunity and participate in viral replication. In this study, we showed that overexpression of tegument protein UL3 facilitates BoHV-1 replication and suppresses the expression of type-I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN-stimulated genes. Then, STING was identified as the target by which UL3 inhibits the IFN-I signaling pathway, and STING was degraded through the UL3-induced autophagy pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of UL3 promotes the expression of the autophagy-related protein ATG101, thereby inducing autophagy. Further study showed that UL3 enhances the interaction between ATG101 and STING, and then the degradation of STING was reversed following ATG101 silencing in UL3-overexpressing cells during BoHV-1 infection. Our research results demonstrate a novel function of UL3 in regulating host's antiviral response and provide a potential mechanism for BoHV-1 immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fachao Sun
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China; Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Vu HLX, McVey DS. Recent progress on gene-deleted live-attenuated African swine fever virus vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:60. [PMID: 38480758 PMCID: PMC10937926 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly lethal viral disease in swine, with mortality rates approaching 100%. The disease has spread to many swine-producing countries, leading to significant economic losses and adversely impacting global food security. Extensive efforts have been directed toward developing effective ASF vaccines. Among the vaccinology approaches tested to date, live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccines produced by rational deleting virulence genes from virulent African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) strains have demonstrated promising safety and efficacy in experimental and field conditions. Many gene-deleted LAV vaccine candidates have been generated in recent years. The virulence genes targeted for deletion from the genome of virulent ASFV strains can be categorized into four groups: Genes implicated in viral genome replication and transcription, genes from the multigene family located at both 5' and 3' termini, genes participating in mediating hemadsorption and putative cellular attachment factors, and novel genes with no known functions. Some promising LAV vaccine candidates are generated by deleting a single viral virulence gene, whereas others are generated by simultaneously deleting multiple genes. This article summarizes the recent progress in developing and characterizing gene-deleted LAV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep L X Vu
- Department of Animal Science, and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - D Scott McVey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Li Y, Huang L, Li H, Zhu Y, Yu Z, Zheng X, Weng C, Feng WH. ASFV pA151R negatively regulates type I IFN production via degrading E3 ligase TRAF6. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339510. [PMID: 38449860 PMCID: PMC10914938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly mortal and hemorrhagic infectious disease in pigs. Previous studies have indicated that ASFV modulates interferon (IFN) production. In this study, we demonstrated that ASFV pA151R negatively regulated type I IFN production. Ectopic expression of pA151R dramatically inhibited K63-linked polyubiquitination and Ser172 phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Mechanically, we demonstrated that E3 ligase TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) participated in the ubiquitination of TBK1 in cGAS-STING signaling pathway. We showed that pA151R interacted with TRAF6 and degraded it through apoptosis pathway, leading to the disruption of TBK1 and TRAF6 interaction. Moreover, we clarified that the amino acids H102, C109, C132, and C135 in pA151R were crucial for pA151R to inhibit type I interferon production. In addition, we verified that overexpression of pA151R facilitated DNA virus Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication by inhibiting IFN-β production. Importantly, knockdown of pA151R inhibited ASFV replication and enhanced IFN-β production in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Our findings will help understand how ASFV escapes host antiviral immune responses and develop effective ASFV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wen Y, Duan X, Ren J, Zhang J, Guan G, Ru Y, Li D, Zheng H. African Swine Fever Virus I267L Is a Hemorrhage-Related Gene Based on Transcriptome Analysis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:400. [PMID: 38399804 PMCID: PMC10892147 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and severe disease transmitted among domestic pigs and wild boars. This disease is notorious for its high mortality rate and has caused great losses to the world's pig industry in the past few years. After infection, pigs can develop symptoms such as high fever, inflammation, and acute hemorrhage, finally leading to death. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causal agent of ASF; it is a large DNA virus with 150-200 genes. Elucidating the functions of each gene could provide insightful information for developing prevention and control methods. Herein, to investigate the function of I267L, porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with an I267L-deleted ASFV strain (named ∆I267L) and wild-type ASFV for 18 h and 36 h were taken for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). The most distinct different gene that appeared at both 18 hpi (hours post-infection) and 36 hpi was F3; it is the key link between inflammation and coagulation cascades. KEGG analysis (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis) revealed the complement and coagulation cascades were also significantly affected at 18 hpi. Genes associated with the immune response were also highly enriched with the deletion of I267L. RNA-seq results were validated through RT-qPCR. Further experiments confirmed that ASFV infection could suppress the induction of F3 through TNF-α, while I267L deletion partially impaired this suppression. These results suggest that I267L is a pathogenicity-associated gene that modulates the hemorrhages of ASF by suppressing F3 expression. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ASFV pathogenicity and potential targets for ASFV prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (G.G.); (Y.R.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xianghan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (G.G.); (Y.R.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (G.G.); (Y.R.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (G.G.); (Y.R.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (G.G.); (Y.R.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (G.G.); (Y.R.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (G.G.); (Y.R.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (G.G.); (Y.R.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730000, China
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20
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Zhang K, Huang Q, Li X, Zhao Z, Hong C, Sun Z, Deng B, Li C, Zhang J, Wang S. The cGAS-STING pathway in viral infections: a promising link between inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352479. [PMID: 38426093 PMCID: PMC10902852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The host defence responses play vital roles in viral infection and are regulated by complex interactive networks. The host immune system recognizes viral pathogens through the interaction of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). As a PRR mainly in the cytoplasm, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses and binds virus DNA and subsequently activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to trigger a series of intracellular signalling cascades to defend against invading pathogenic microorganisms. Integrated omic and functional analyses identify the cGAS-STING pathway regulating various host cellular responses and controlling viral infections. Aside from its most common function in regulating inflammation and type I interferon, a growing body of evidence suggests that the cGAS-STING signalling axis is closely associated with a series of cellular responses, such as oxidative stress, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which have major impacts on physiological homeostasis. Interestingly, these host cellular responses play dual roles in the regulation of the cGAS-STING signalling axis and the clearance of viruses. Here, we outline recent insights into cGAS-STING in regulating type I interferon, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress and discuss their interactions with viral infections. A detailed understanding of the cGAS-STING-mediated potential antiviral effects contributes to revealing the pathogenesis of certain viruses and sheds light on effective solutions for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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21
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Dodantenna N, Cha JW, Chathuranga K, Chathuranga WAG, Weerawardhana A, Ranathunga L, Kim Y, Jheong W, Lee JS. The African Swine Fever Virus Virulence Determinant DP96R Suppresses Type I IFN Production Targeting IRF3. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2099. [PMID: 38396775 PMCID: PMC10889005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
DP96R of African swine fever virus (ASFV), also known as uridine kinase (UK), encodes a virulence-associated protein. Previous studies have examined DP96R along with other genes in an effort to create live attenuated vaccines. While experiments in pigs have explored the impact of DP96R on the pathogenicity of ASFV, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. Here, we describe a novel molecular mechanism by which DP96R suppresses interferon regulator factor-3 (IRF3)-mediated antiviral immune responses. DP96R interacts with a crucial karyopherin (KPNA) binding site within IRF3, disrupting the KPNA-IRF3 interaction and consequently impeding the translocation of IRF3 to the nucleus. Under this mechanistic basis, the ectopic expression of DP96R enhances the replication of DNA and RNA viruses by inhibiting the production of IFNs, whereas DP96R knock-down resulted in higher IFNs and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) transcription during ASFV infection. Collectively, these findings underscore the pivotal role of DP96R in inhibiting IFN responses and increase our understanding of the relationship between DP96R and the virulence of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Dodantenna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Ji-Won Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - W. A. Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Lakmal Ranathunga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Yongkwan Kim
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Weonhwa Jheong
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
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Yang W, Li L, Zhang J, Wu J, Kang W, Wang Y, Ding H, Li D, Zheng H. SNX32 is a host restriction factor that degrades African swine fever virus CP204L via the RAB1B-dependent autophagy pathway. J Virol 2024; 98:e0159923. [PMID: 38169281 PMCID: PMC10804981 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01599-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and deadly disease in domestic pigs and European wild boars, posing a severe threat to the global pig industry. ASFV CP204L, a highly immunogenic protein, is produced during the early stages of ASFV infection. However, the impact of CP204L protein-interacting partners on the outcome of ASFV infection is poorly understood. To accomplish this, coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis were conducted in ASFV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). We have demonstrated that sorting nexin 32 (SNX32) is a CP204L-binding protein and that CP204L interacted and colocalized with SNX32 in ASFV-infected PAMs. ASFV growth and replication were promoted by silencing SNX32 and suppressed by overexpressing SNX32. SNX32 degraded CP204L by recruiting the autophagy-related protein Ras-related protein Rab-1b (RAB1B). RAB1B overexpression inhibited ASFV replication, while knockdown of RAB1B had the opposite effect. Additionally, RAB1B, SNX32, and CP204L formed a complex upon ASFV infection. Taken together, this study demonstrates that SNX32 antagonizes ASFV growth and replication by recruiting the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. This finding extends our understanding of the interaction between ASFV CP204L and its host and provides new insights into exploring the relationship between ASFV infection and autophagy.IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality near 100% in domestic pigs. ASF virus (ASFV), which is the only member of the family Asfarviridae, is a dsDNA virus of great complexity and size, encoding more than 150 proteins. Currently, there are no available vaccines against ASFV. ASFV CP204L represents the most abundantly expressed viral protein early in infection and plays an important role in regulating ASFV replication. However, the mechanism by which the interaction between ASFV CP204L and host proteins affects ASFV replication remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the cellular protein SNX32 interacted with CP204L and degraded CP204L by upregulating the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. In summary, this study will help us understand the interaction mechanism between CP204L and its host upon infection and provide new insights for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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23
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Zhai H, Wang T, Liu D, Pan L, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Autophagy as a dual-faced host response to viral infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1289170. [PMID: 38125906 PMCID: PMC10731275 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1289170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy selectively degrades viral particles or cellular components, either facilitating or inhibiting viral replication. Conversely, most viruses have evolved strategies to escape or exploit autophagy. Moreover, autophagy collaborates with the pattern recognition receptor signaling, influencing the expression of adaptor molecules involved in the innate immune response and regulating the expression of interferons (IFNs). The intricate relationship between autophagy and IFNs plays a critical role in the host cell defense against microbial invasion. Therefore, it is important to summarize the interactions between viral infections, autophagy, and the host defense mechanisms against viruses. This review specifically focuses on the interactions between autophagy and IFN pathways during viral infections, providing a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms utilized or evaded by different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Ravilov R, Galeeva A, Frolov G, Efimova M, Zakirova E, Rizvanov A, Hisamutdinov A, Garipov L, Mingaleev D. Efficient delivery of the immunodominant genes of African swine fever virus by adeno-associated virus serotype 2. Vet World 2023; 16:2425-2430. [PMID: 38328367 PMCID: PMC10844788 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2425-2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) represents a promising basis for developing a virus-vector vaccine against African swine fever (ASF). This study aimed to create genetic constructs based on AAV2 to deliver the immunodominant genes of ASF virus (ASFV) and to evaluate their functionality in vitro. The efficiency and specificity of transgene expression, as well as their non-toxicity in cells of target animals, were evaluated. Materials and Methods Bioinformatics analysis methods were used to identify the immunodominant genes of ASFV. The target genes B646L, E183L, CP204L, and CP530R were identified and subsequently cloned into the pAAV-MCS vector. Assembly of recombinant AAV2 (rAAV2) was performed by cotransfection of AAV293 cells with the following plasmids: pAAV-MCS with the gene of interest, envelope, and packaging. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the AAV2 titer. The functionality of the constructs was evaluated in HEK293 and SPEV cells by determining the presence of mature proteins in the cell lysate and the expression levels of messenger RNA. The specificity of the target proteins in cell lysates was confirmed by Western blotting. Results The proposed AAV2 assembly protocol makes it possible to achieve a concentration of mature viral particles of at least 280 billion/mL of virus-containing material. The rAAV2 could effectively transduce host SPEV cells. The expression of both cistrons was detectable during the transduction of cells; therefore, the combined expression of immunogens in the cells of target animals should be possible using this method. Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential of using genetic constructs based on AAV2 for the delivery of ASFV genes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Ravilov
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Antonina Galeeva
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Veterinary Medicine, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gennadiy Frolov
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Efimova
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Zakirova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Veterinary Medicine, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Laboratory of Regenerative Veterinary Medicine, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russia
| | - Almaz Hisamutdinov
- Main Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of the Tatarstan Republic, Kazan, Russia
| | - Lenar Garipov
- Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Tatarstan Republic, Kazan, Russia
| | - Danil Mingaleev
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
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25
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Ranathunga L, Dodantenna N, Cha JW, Chathuranga K, Chathuranga WAG, Weerawardhana A, Subasinghe A, Haluwana DK, Gamage N, Lee JS. African swine fever virus B175L inhibits the type I interferon pathway by targeting STING and 2'3'-cGAMP. J Virol 2023; 97:e0079523. [PMID: 37902401 PMCID: PMC10688321 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00795-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV), the only known DNA arbovirus, is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), an acutely contagious disease in pigs. ASF has recently become a crisis in the pig industry in recent years, but there are no commercially available vaccines. Studying the immune evasion mechanisms of ASFV proteins is important for the understanding the pathogenesis of ASFV and essential information for the development of an effective live-attenuated ASFV vaccines. Here, we identified ASFV B175L, previously uncharacterized proteins that inhibit type I interferon signaling by targeting STING and 2'3'-cGAMP. The conserved B175L-zf-FCS motif specifically interacted with both cGAMP and the R238 and Y240 amino acids of STING. Consequently, this interaction interferes with the interaction of cGAMP and STING, thereby inhibiting downstream signaling of IFN-mediated antiviral responses. This novel mechanism of B175L opens a new avenue as one of the ASFV virulent genes that can contribute to the advancement of ASFV live-attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmal Ranathunga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Niranjan Dodantenna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ashan Subasinghe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - D. K. Haluwana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nuwan Gamage
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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26
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Bai L, Zhang R, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Li Y. Seneca Valley Virus Degrades STING via PERK and ATF6-Mediated Reticulophagy. Viruses 2023; 15:2209. [PMID: 38005886 PMCID: PMC10674438 DOI: 10.3390/v15112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley Virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is an emerging porcine virus that can cause vesicular disease in pigs. However, the immune evasion mechanism of SVV remains unclear, as does its interaction with other pathways. STING (Stimulator of interferon genes) is typically recognized as a critical factor in innate immune responses to DNA virus infection, but its role during SVV infection remains poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that STING was degraded in SVV-infected PK-15 cells, and SVV replication in the cells was affected when STING was knockdown or overexpressed. The STING degradation observed was blocked when the SVV-induced autophagy was inhibited by using autophagy inhibitors (Chloroquine, Bafilomycin A1) or knockdown of autophagy related gene 5 (ATG5), suggesting that SVV-induced autophagy is responsible for STING degradation. Furthermore, the STING degradation was inhibited when reticulophagy regulator 1 (FAM134B), a reticulophagy related receptor, was knocked down, indicating that SVV infection induces STING degradation via reticulophagy. Further study showed that in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (PERK)/activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) deficient cells, SVV infection failed to induce reticulophagy-medaited STING degradation, indicating that SVV infection caused STING degradation via PERK/ATF6-mediated reticulophagy. Notably, blocking reticulophagy effectively hindered SVV replication. Overall, our study suggested that SVV infection resulted in STING degradation via PERK and ATF6-mediated reticulophagy, which may be an immune escape strategy of SVV. This finding improves the understanding of the intricate interplay between viruses and their hosts and provides a novel strategy for the development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.B.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.B.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.B.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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27
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Pérez-Núñez D, García-Belmonte R, Riera E, Fernández-Sesma MH, Vigara-Astillero G, Revilla Y. Signal peptide and N-glycosylation of N-terminal-CD2v determine the hemadsorption of African swine fever virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0103023. [PMID: 37768082 PMCID: PMC10617588 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01030-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the cause of the current major animal epidemic worldwide. This disease affects domestic pigs and wild boars, has spread since 2007 through Russia, Eastern Europe, and more recently to Western European countries, and since 2018 emerged in China, from where it spread throughout Southeast Asia. Recently, outbreaks have appeared in the Caribbean, threatening the Americas. It is estimated that more than 900,000 animals have died directly or indirectly from ASFV since 2021 alone. One of the features of ASFV infection is hemoadsorption (HAD), which has been linked to virulence, although the molecular and pathological basis of this hypothesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we have analyzed and identified the key players responsible of HAD, contributing to the identification of new determinants of ASFV virulence, the understanding of ASFV pathogenesis, and the rational development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pérez-Núñez
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Belmonte
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Riera
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta H. Fernández-Sesma
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Vigara-Astillero
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Revilla
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Li J, Song J, Zhou S, Li S, Liu J, Li T, Zhang Z, Zhang X, He X, Chen W, Zheng J, Zhao D, Bu Z, Huang L, Weng C. Development of a new effective African swine fever virus vaccine candidate by deletion of the H240R and MGF505-7R genes results in protective immunity against the Eurasia strain. J Virol 2023; 97:e0070423. [PMID: 37768081 PMCID: PMC10617561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00704-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF) caused by ASF virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease in domestic pigs. Until now, no effective commercial vaccine and antiviral drugs are available for ASF control. Here, we generated a new live-attenuated vaccine candidate (ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R) by deleting H240R and MGF505-7R genes from the highly pathogenic ASFV HLJ/18 genome. Piglets immunized with ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R were safe without any ASF-related signs and produced specific antibodies against p30. Challenged with a virulent ASFV HLJ/18, the piglets immunized with high-dose group (105 HAD50) exhibited 100% protection without clinical symptoms, showing that low levels of virus replication with no observed pathogenicity by postmortem and histological analysis. Overall, our results provided a new strategy by designing live-attenuated vaccine candidate, resulting in protection against ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Song
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xijun He
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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29
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Niu S, Guo Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Sun L, Dai H, Peng G. Innate immune escape and adaptive immune evasion of African swine fever virus: A review. Virology 2023; 587:109878. [PMID: 37708611 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes hemorrhagic fever in domestic and wild pigs. The continued spread of the virus in Africa, Europe and Asia threatens the global pig industry. The lack of an effective vaccine limits disease control. ASFV has evolved a variety of encoded immune escape proteins and can evade host adaptive immunity, inducing cellular inflammation, autophagy, or apoptosis in host cells. Frequent persistent infections hinder the development of a viral vaccine and impose technical barriers. Currently, knowledge of the virulence-related genes, main pathogenic genes and immunoregulatory mechanism of ASFV is not comprehensive. We explain that ASFV invades the host to regulate its inflammatory response, interferon production, antigen presentation and cellular immunity. Furthermore, we propose potential ideas for ASFV vaccine target design, such as knocking out high-virulence genes in ASFV and performing data mining to identify the main genes that induce antiviral responses. To support a rational strategy for vaccine development, a better understanding of how ASFV interacts with the host and regulates the host's response to infection is needed. We review the current knowledge about ASFV targeting of host innate and adaptive immunity and the mechanisms by which the affected immune pathways are suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Limeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hanchuan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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30
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Chen X, Li LF, Yang ZY, Li M, Fan S, Shi LF, Ren ZY, Cao XJ, Zhang Y, Han S, Wan B, Qiu HJ, Zhang G, He WR. The African swine fever virus I10L protein inhibits the NF- κB signaling pathway by targeting IKK β. J Virol 2023; 97:e0056923. [PMID: 37607059 PMCID: PMC10537781 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00569-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious and severe hemorrhagic disease. Efforts in the prevention and treatment of ASF have been severely hindered by knowledge gaps in viral proteins responsible for modulating host antiviral responses. In this study, we identified the I10L protein (pI10L) of ASFV as a potential inhibitor of the TNF-α- and IL-1β-triggered NF-κB signaling pathway, the most canonical and important part of host inflammatory responses. The ectopically expressed pI10L remarkably suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling in HEK293T and PK-15 cells. The ASFV mutant lacking the I10L gene (ASFVΔI10L) induced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines production in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/2018 strain (ASFVWT). Mechanistic studies suggest that pI10L inhibits IKKβ phosphorylation by reducing the K63-linked ubiquitination of NEMO, which is necessary for the activation of IKKβ. Morever, pI10L interacts with the kinase domain of IKKβ through its N-terminus, and consequently blocks the association of IKKβ with its substrates IκBα and p65, leading to reduced phosphorylation. In addition, the nuclear translocation efficiency of p65 was also altered by pI10L. Further biochemical evidence supported that the amino acids 1-102 on pI10L were essential for the pI10L-mediated suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The present study clarifies the immunosuppressive activity of pI10L, and provides novel insights into the understanding of ASFV pathobiology and the development of vaccines against ASF. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is now widespread in many countries and severely affects the commercial rearing of swine. To date, few safe and effective vaccines or antiviral strategies have been marketed due to large gaps in knowledge regarding ASFV pathobiology and immune evasion mechanisms. In this study, we deciphered the important role of the ASFV-encoded I10L protein in the TNF-α-/IL-1β-triggered NF-κB signaling pathway. This study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of ASFV and thus contributes to the development of vaccines against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Yang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meilin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuai Fan
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lan-Fang Shi
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zi-Yu Ren
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Jing Cao
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shichong Han
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wan
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High-Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Rui He
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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31
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Ye G, Liu H, Liu X, Chen W, Li J, Zhao D, Wang G, Feng C, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Zheng J, Bu Z, Weng C, Huang L. African Swine Fever Virus H240R Protein Inhibits the Production of Type I Interferon through Disrupting the Oligomerization of STING. J Virol 2023; 97:e0057723. [PMID: 37199611 PMCID: PMC10537660 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00577-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease in domestic pigs and wild boars. Domestic pigs infected with virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates have a high mortality, approaching 100%. Identification of ASFV genes related to virulence/pathogenicity and deletion of them are considered to be key steps in the development of live attenuated vaccines, because the ability of ASFV to escape host innate immune responses is related to viral pathogenicity. However, the relationship between the host antiviral innate immune responses and the pathogenic genes of ASFV has not been fully understood. In this study, the ASFV H240R protein (pH240R), a capsid protein of ASFV, was found to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) production. Mechanistically, pH240R interacted with the N-terminal transmembrane domain of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and inhibited its oligomerization and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Additionally, pH240R inhibited the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to reduced production of type I IFN. Consistent with these results, infection with H240R-deficient ASFV (ASFV-ΔH240R) induced more type I IFN than infection with its parental strain, ASFV HLJ/18. We also found that pH240R may enhance viral replication via inhibition of type I IFN production and the antiviral effect of interferon alpha (IFN-α). Taken together, our findings provide a new explanation for the reduction of ASFV's replication ability by knockout of the H240R gene and a clue for the development of live attenuated ASFV vaccines. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality, approaching 100% in domestic pigs. However, the relationship between viral pathogenicity and immune evasion of ASFV is not fully understood, which limits the development of safe and effective ASF vaccines, specifically, live attenuated vaccines. In this study, we found that pH240R, as a potent antagonist, inhibited type I IFN production by targeting STING and inhibiting its oligomerization and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, we also found that deletion of the H240R gene reduced viral pathogenicity by enhancing type I IFN production, which decreases ASFV replication. Taken together, our findings provide a clue for the development of an ASFV live attenuated vaccine via deleting the H240R gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqiang Ye
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chunying Feng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
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Pakotiprapha D, Kuhaudomlarp S, Tinikul R, Chanarat S. Bridging the Gap: Can COVID-19 Research Help Combat African Swine Fever? Viruses 2023; 15:1925. [PMID: 37766331 PMCID: PMC10536364 DOI: 10.3390/v15091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Despite being harmless to humans, ASF poses significant challenges to the swine industry, due to sudden losses and trade restrictions. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unparalleled global research effort, yielding remarkable advancements across scientific disciplines. In this review, we explore the potential technological spillover from COVID-19 research into ASF. Specifically, we assess the applicability of the diagnostic tools, vaccine development strategies, and biosecurity measures developed for COVID-19 for combating ASF. Additionally, we discuss the lessons learned from the pandemic in terms of surveillance systems and their implications for managing ASF. By bridging the gap between COVID-19 and ASF research, we highlight the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological spillovers in the battle against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Li H, Yang S, Zeng K, Guo J, Wu J, Jiang H, Xie Y, Hu Z, Lu J, Yang J, Su XZ, Cui J, Yu X. SHIP1 modulates antimalarial immunity by bridging the crosstalk between type I IFN signaling and autophagy. mBio 2023; 14:e0351222. [PMID: 37366613 PMCID: PMC10470592 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03512-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stringent control of the type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is critical for host immune defense against infectious diseases, yet the molecular mechanisms that regulate this pathway remain elusive. Here, we show that Src homology 2 containing inositol phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) suppresses IFN-I signaling by promoting IRF3 degradation during malaria infection. Genetic ablation of Ship1 in mice leads to high levels of IFN-I and confers resistance to Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (P.y.) N67 infection. Mechanistically, SHIP1 promotes the selective autophagic degradation of IRF3 by enhancing K63-linked ubiquitination of IRF3 at lysine 313, which serves as a recognition signal for NDP52-mediated selective autophagic degradation. In addition, SHIP1 is downregulated by IFN-I-induced miR-155-5p upon P.y. N67 infection and severs as a feedback loop of the signaling crosstalk. This study reveals a regulatory mechanism between IFN-I signaling and autophagy, and verifies SHIP1 can be a potential target for therapeutic intervention against malaria and other infectious diseases. IMPORTANCE Malaria remains a serious disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Malaria parasite infection triggers tightly controlled type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling that plays a critical role in host innate immunity; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune responses are still elusive. Here, we discover a host gene [Src homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase 1 (SHIP1)] that can regulate IFN-I signaling by modulating NDP52-mediated selective autophagic degradation of IRF3 and significantly affect parasitemia and resistance of Plasmodium-infected mice. This study identifies SHIP1 as a potential target for immunotherapies in malaria and highlights the crosstalk between IFN-I signaling and autophagy in preventing related infectious diseases. SHIP1 functions as a negative regulator during malaria infection by targeting IRF3 for autophagic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayin Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huaji Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Yue Bei People's Hospital Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingchao Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiansen Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwu Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-zhuan Su
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Cui
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wang T, Luo R, Zhang J, Lu Z, Li LF, Zheng YH, Pan L, Lan J, Zhai H, Huang S, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. The MGF300-2R protein of African swine fever virus is associated with viral pathogenicity by promoting the autophagic degradation of IKKα and IKKβ through the recruitment of TOLLIP. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011580. [PMID: 37566637 PMCID: PMC10446188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The multigene family genes (MGFs) in the left variable region (LVR) of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genome have been reported to be involved in viral replication in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and virulence in pigs. However, the exact functions of key MGFs in the LVR that regulate the replication and virulence of ASFV remain unclear. In this study, we identified the MGF300-2R gene to be critical for viral replication in PAMs by deleting different sets of MGFs in the LVR from the highly virulent strain ASFV HLJ/18 (ASFV-WT). The ASFV mutant lacking the MGF300-2R gene (Del2R) showed a 1-log reduction in viral titer, and induced higher IL-1β and TNF-α production in PAMs than did ASFV-WT. Mechanistically, the MGF300-2R protein was found to interact with and degrade IKKα and IKKβ via the selective autophagy pathway. Furthermore, we showed that MGF300-2R promoted the K27-linked polyubiquitination of IKKα and IKKβ, which subsequently served as a recognition signal for the cargo receptor TOLLIP-mediated selective autophagic degradation. Importantly, Del2R exhibited a significant reduction in both replication and virulence compared with ASFV-WT in pigs, likely due to the increased IL-1β and TNF-α, indicating that MGF300-2R is a virulence determinant. These findings reveal that MGF300-2R suppresses host innate immune responses by mediating the degradation of IKKα and IKKβ, which provides clues to paving the way for the rational design of live attenuated vaccines to control ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huanjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Dolata KM, Pei G, Netherton CL, Karger A. Functional Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus-Host and Virus-Virus Protein Interactions. Viruses 2023; 15:1634. [PMID: 37631977 PMCID: PMC10459248 DOI: 10.3390/v15081634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral replication fully relies on the host cell machinery, and physical interactions between viral and host proteins mediate key steps of the viral life cycle. Therefore, identifying virus-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provides insights into the molecular mechanisms governing virus infection and is crucial for designing novel antiviral strategies. In the case of the African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large DNA virus that causes a deadly panzootic disease in pigs, the limited understanding of host and viral targets hinders the development of effective vaccines and treatments. This review summarizes the current knowledge of virus-host and virus-virus PPIs by collecting and analyzing studies of individual viral proteins. We have compiled a dataset of experimentally determined host and virus protein targets, the molecular mechanisms involved, and the biological functions of the identified virus-host and virus-virus protein interactions during infection. Ultimately, this work provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of ASFV interactome, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magdalena Dolata
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Gang Pei
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Franzoni G, Petrini S, Mészáros I, Dei Giudici S, Righi C, Olasz F, Zinellu S, Tamás V, Pela M, Gallardo C, Zádori Z, Oggiano A, Feliziani F. Evaluation of Haematological and Immunological Parameters of the ASFV Lv17/WB/Rie1 Strain and Its Derived Mutant Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L against ASFV Challenge Infection in Domestic Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1277. [PMID: 37515092 PMCID: PMC10383595 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a haemorrhagic disease that threatens the global pig industry. There is an urgency to develop a safe and efficient vaccine, but the knowledge of the immune-pathogenetic mechanisms behind ASFV infection is still very limited. In this paper, we evaluated the haematological and immunological parameters of domestic pigs vaccinated with the ASFV Lv17/WB/Rie1 strain or its derived mutant Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L and then challenged with virulent Armenia/07 ASFV. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), 13 key cytokines and 11 haematological parameters were evaluated throughout the study. Lv17/WB/Rie1 triggered an inflammatory response, with increased levels of CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induced lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and a decline in red blood cell (RBC) parameters, although this was transitory. Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L triggered only transitory thrombocytopenia and a mild inflammatory reaction, with no increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but it raised IL-1Ra levels. Both strains counteracted several adverse reactions elicited by virulent challenge, like thrombocytopenia, a decline in RBC parameters, and inflammation. Within this paper, we provided a deep portrayal of the impact of diverse ASFV strains on the domestic pig's immune system. A better understanding of these immune-pathological mechanisms would help to design suitable vaccines against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Franzoni
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - István Mészáros
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanna Zinellu
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Vivien Tamás
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michela Pela
- National Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmina Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA, INIA-CSIC, European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever (EURL), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
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37
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Luo J, Cheng M, Duan Y, Xing X, Lu M, Sun Y, Shi C, Wang J, Lu Y, Li X, Wang C, Cao X, Zeng Y. African swine fever virus encoded protein MGF360-13L inhibits cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I signaling pathway. Gene 2023; 874:147490. [PMID: 37209887 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuetong Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyuan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyuan Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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Ren J, Li D, Zhu G, Yang W, Ru Y, Feng T, Qin X, Hao R, Duan X, Liu X, Zheng H. Deletion of MGF-110-9L gene from African swine fever virus weakens autophagic degradation of TBK1 as a mechanism for enhancing type I interferon production. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22934. [PMID: 37144880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201856r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a devastating disease for the global pig industry and economic benefit. The limited knowledge on the pathogenesis and infection mechanisms of ASF restricts progress toward vaccine development and ASF control. Previously, we illustrated that deletion of the MGF-110-9L gene from highly virulent ASFV CN/GS/2018 strains (ASFV∆9L) results in attenuated virulence in swine, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that the difference in virulence between wild-type ASFV (wt-ASFV) and ASFV∆9L strains was mainly caused by the difference in TANK Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) reduction. TBK1 reduction was further identified to be mediated by the autophagy pathway and this degradative process requires the up-regulation of a positive autophagy regulation molecule- Phosphatidylinositol-4-Phosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Type 2 Beta (PIK3C2B). Moreover, TBK1 over-expression was confirmed to inhibit ASFV replication in vitro. In summary, these results indicate that wt-ASFV counteracts type I interferon (IFN) production by degrading TBK1, while ASFVΔ9L enhanced type I IFN production by weakening TBK1 reduction, clarifying the mechanism that ASFVΔ9L present the attenuated virulence in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongzeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianghan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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39
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Afe AE, Shen ZJ, Guo X, Zhou R, Li K. African Swine Fever Virus Interaction with Host Innate Immune Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:1220. [PMID: 37376520 DOI: 10.3390/v15061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) adversely affects pig farming owing to its 100% mortality rate. The condition is marked by elevated body temperature, bleeding, and ataxia in domestic pigs, whereas warthogs and ticks remain asymptomatic despite being natural reservoirs for the virus. Breeding ASFV-resistant pigs is a promising solution for eradicating this disease. ASFV employs several mechanisms to deplete the host antiviral response. This review explores the interaction of ASFV proteins with innate host immunity and the various types of machinery encompassed by viral proteins that inhibit and induce different signaling pathways, such as cGAS-STING, NF-κB, Tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β), ubiquitination, viral inhibition of apoptosis, and resistance to ASFV infection. Prospects for developing a domestic pig that is resistant to ASFV are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola Ebenezer Afe
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao-Ji Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Yu Z, Xie L, Shuai P, Zhang J, An W, Yang M, Zheng J, Lin H. New perspective on African swine fever: a bibliometrics study and visualization analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1085473. [PMID: 37266383 PMCID: PMC10229902 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1085473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease that can have devastating effects on domestic pigs and wild boars. Over the past decade, there has been a new wave of this ancient disease spreading around the world, prompting many scholars to dedicate themselves to researching this disease. This research aims to use bibliometric methods to organize, analyze and summarize the scientific publications on ASF that have been amassed in the past two decades. Methods This paper used VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and a bibliometric online analysis platform to conduct performance analysis and visualization studies on 1,885 academic papers about ASF in the Web of Science from January 2003 to December 2022. Results The amount of literature published on ASF has increased exponentially in recent years, and the development trend of related research is good. A group of representative scholars have appeared in this research field, and some cooperative networks have been formed. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases is the journal with the most publications in this field, while Virus Research is the journal with the most citation per article. High-productivity countries are led by China in terms of the number of articles published followed by the United States and Spain. In regard to the average number of citations, the scholars in the UK are in the lead. The institution with the most articles was the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The analysis of high-frequency keywords showed that the pathogens and epidemiology of ASF were the research hotspots in this field, and the research content was closely related to molecular biology and immunology. The burst keywords "transmission", "identification", "virulence", "replication", and "gene" reflects the research frontier. In addition, by collating and analyzing highly cited journals and highly co-cited references, we explored the knowledge structure and theoretical basis of this field. Discussion This is the first bibliometric analysis report on ASF research, which highlights the key characteristics of ASF research and presents the research status and evolution trend in this field from a new perspective. It provides a valuable reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Yu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Wildlife Quarantine and Surveillance (Sichuan), Technology Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiqiang Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Wildlife Quarantine and Surveillance (Sichuan), Technology Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wildlife Quarantine and Surveillance (Sichuan), Technology Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei An
- State Key Laboratory of Wildlife Quarantine and Surveillance (Sichuan), Technology Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wildlife Quarantine and Surveillance (Sichuan), Technology Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wildlife Quarantine and Surveillance (Sichuan), Technology Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Wildlife Quarantine and Surveillance (Sichuan), Technology Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, China
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Zhu G, Ren J, Li D, Ru Y, Qin X, Feng T, Tian H, Lu B, Shi D, Shi Z, Yang W, Zheng H. Combinational Deletions of MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R Genes from the African Swine Fever Virus Inhibit TBK1 Degradation by an Autophagy Activator PIK3C2B To Promote Type I Interferon Production. J Virol 2023; 97:e0022823. [PMID: 37162350 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00228-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a transboundary infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars, resulting in significant swine production losses. Currently, no effective commercial ASF vaccines or therapeutic options are available. A previous study has shown that deletions of ASFV MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R genes (ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R) attenuated virulence in pigs and provided complete protection against parental lethal ASFV CN/GS/2018 (wild-type ASFV [ASFV-WT]) challenge, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study found that ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R weakened TBK1 degradation compared with ASFV-WT through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, we confirmed that ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R blocked the degradation of TBK1 through the autophagy pathway. We also identified that the downregulation of an autophagy-related protein PIK3C2B was involved in the inhibition of TBK1 degradation induced by ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R. Additionally, we also confirmed that PIK3C2B promoted ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R replication in vitro. Together, this study elucidated a novel mechanism of virulence change of ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R, revealing a new mechanism of ASF live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) and providing theoretical guidance for the development of ASF vaccines. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious and lethal hemorrhagic disease of pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), leading to significant economic consequences for the global pig industry. The development of an effective and safe ASF vaccine has been unsuccessful. Previous studies have shown that live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) of ASFV are the most effective vaccine candidates to prevent ASF. Understanding the host responses caused by LAVs of ASFV is important in optimizing vaccine design and diversifying the resources available to control ASF. Recently, our laboratory found that the live attenuated ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R provided complete protection against parental ASFV-WT challenge. This study further demonstrated that ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R inhibits TBK1 degradation mediated by an autophagy activator PIK3C2B to increase type I interferon production. These results revealed an important mechanism for candidate vaccine ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R, providing strategies for exploring the virulence of multigene-deleted live attenuated ASFV strains and the development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingzhou Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Qi X, Feng T, Ma Z, Zheng L, Liu H, Shi Z, Shen C, Li P, Wu P, Ru Y, Li D, Zhu Z, Tian H, Wu S, Zheng H. Deletion of DP148R, DP71L, and DP96R Attenuates African Swine Fever Virus, and the Mutant Strain Confers Complete Protection against Homologous Challenges in Pigs. J Virol 2023; 97:e0024723. [PMID: 37017515 PMCID: PMC10134827 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00247-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has caused a devastating pandemic in domestic and wild swine, causing economic losses to the global swine industry. Recombinant live attenuated vaccines are an attractive option for ASFV treatment. However, safe and effective vaccines against ASFV are still scarce, and more high-quality experimental vaccine strains need to be developed. In this study, we revealed that deletion of the ASFV genes DP148R, DP71L, and DP96R from the highly virulent isolate ASFV CN/GS/2018 (ASFV-GS) substantially attenuated virulence in swine. Pigs infected with 104 50% hemadsorbing doses of the virus with these gene deletions remained healthy during the 19-day observation period. No ASFV infection was detected in contact pigs under the experimental conditions. Importantly, the inoculated pigs were protected against homologous challenges. Additionally, RNA sequence analysis showed that deletion of these viral genes induced significant upregulation of the host histone H3.1 gene (H3.1) and downregulation of the ASFV MGF110-7L gene. Knocking down the expression of H3.1 resulted in high levels of ASFV replication in primary porcine macrophages in vitro. These findings indicate that the deletion mutant virus ASFV-GS-Δ18R/NL/UK is a novel potential live attenuated vaccine candidate and one of the few experimental vaccine strains reported to induce full protection against the highly virulent ASFV-GS virus strain. IMPORTANCE Ongoing outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) have considerably damaged the pig industry in affected countries. Thus, a safe and effective vaccine is important to control African swine fever spread. Here, an ASFV strain with three gene deletions was developed by knocking out the viral genes DP148R (MGF360-18R), NL (DP71L), and UK (DP96R). The results showed that the recombinant virus was completely attenuated in pigs and provided strong protection against parental virus challenge. Additionally, no viral genomes were detected in the sera of pigs housed with animals infected with the deletion mutant. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed significant upregulation of histone H3.1 in virus-infected macrophage cultures and downregulation of the ASFV MGF110-7L gene after viral DP148R, UK, and NL deletion. Our study provides a valuable live attenuated vaccine candidate and potential gene targets for developing strategies for anti-ASFV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Panxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Tamás V, Righi C, Mészáros I, D'Errico F, Olasz F, Casciari C, Zádori Z, Magyar T, Petrini S, Feliziani F. Involvement of the MGF 110-11L Gene in the African Swine Fever Replication and Virulence. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040846. [PMID: 37112759 PMCID: PMC10145817 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease that causes extensive economic and animal welfare losses in the Eurasian pig (Sus scrofa) population. To date, no effective and safe vaccines have been marketed against ASF. A starting point for vaccine development is using naturally occurring attenuated strains as a vaccine base. Here, we aimed to remove the multigene family (MGF) 110 gene of unknown function from the Lv17/WB/Rie1 genome to improve the usability of the virus as a live-attenuated vaccine, reducing unwanted side effects. The MGF 110-11L gene was deleted using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, and the safety and efficacy of the virus were tested in pigs after isolation. The vaccine candidates administered at high doses showed reduced pathogenicity compared to the parental strain and induced immunity in vaccinated animals, although several mild clinical signs were observed. Although Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L cannot be used as a vaccine in its current form, it was encouraging that the undesirable side effects of Lv17/WB/Rie1 at high doses can be reduced by additional mutations without a significant reduction in its protective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Tamás
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cecilia Righi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - István Mészáros
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Federica D'Errico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cristina Casciari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Magyar
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Pang Z, Chen S, Cui S, Zhai W, Huang Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Jiang F, Guo X, Hao Y, Li W, Wang L, Zhu H, Wu J, Jia H. Identification of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Associated with Regulating Immunity and Metabolism in Pigs Induced by ASFV Infection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071246. [PMID: 37048502 PMCID: PMC10093425 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating infectious disease in domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) with a mortality rate of about 100%. However, the understanding of the interaction between ASFV and host is still not clear. In this study, the expression differences and functional analysis of microRNA (miRNA) in porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes of ASFV infected pigs and healthy pigs were compared based on Illumina high-throughput sequencing, then the GO and KEGG signal pathways were analyzed. The miRNA related to immunity and inflammation were screened, and the regulatory network of miRNA-mRNA was drawn. A total of 70 differentially expressed miRNAs were found (p ≤ 0.05). Of these, 45 were upregulated and 25 were downregulated in ASFV-infected pigs vs. healthy pigs. A total of 8179 mRNA genes targeted by these 70 differentially expressed miRNA were predicted, of which 1447 mRNA genes were targeted by ssc-miR-2320-5p. Five differentially expressed miRNA were validated by RT-qPCR, which were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. The GO analysis revealed that a total of 30 gene functions were significantly enriched, including 7 molecular functions (MF), 13 cellular components (CC), and 10 biological processes (BP). The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to immunity, inflammation, and various metabolic processes, in which a total of two downregulated miRNAs after infection and eight upregulated miRNAs related to immunity and inflammation were screened in ASFV-infected pigs vs. healthy pigs. The network of miRNA-mRNA showed that the mRNA target genes were strongly regulated by ssc-miR-214, ssc-miR-199b-3p, and ssc-miR-199a-3p. The mRNA target genes were enriched into the MAPK signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway by using a KEGG enrichment analysis. Therefore, ASFV could regulate immunity and metabolism-related pathways in infected pigs by inducing differential expression of miRNAs. These results provided a new basis for further elucidating the interactions between ASFV and the host as well as the immunity regulation mechanisms of ASFV, which will be conducive to better controlling ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Pang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- College of Animal Medicine, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxin Hao
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Wencai Li
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Lei Wang
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Hong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Huang Z, Cao H, Zeng F, Lin S, Chen J, Luo Y, You J, Kong C, Mai Z, Deng J, Guo W, Chen X, Wang H, Zhou P, Zhang G, Gong L. African Swine Fever Virus MGF505-7R Interacts with Interferon Regulatory Factor 9 to Evade the Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway and Promote Viral Replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0197722. [PMID: 36815839 PMCID: PMC10062159 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01977-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and severe infectious disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). The mortality rate of ASF in pigs can reach 100%, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry. Here, we found that ASFV protein MGF505-7R inhibited the beta interferon (IFN-β)-mediated Janus-activated kinase-signal transducer and activation of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling. Our results demonstrate that MGF505-7R inhibited interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3)-mediated IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter activity. Importantly, we observed that MGF505-7R inhibits ISGF3 heterotrimer formation by interacting with interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) and inhibits the nuclear translocation of ISGF3. Moreover, to demonstrate the role of MGF505-7R in IFN-I signal transduction during ASFV infection, we constructed and evaluated ASFV-ΔMGF505-7R recombinant viruses. ASFV-ΔMGF505-7R restored STAT2 and STAT1 phosphorylation, alleviated the inhibition of ISGF3 nuclear translocation, and showed increased susceptibility to IFN-β, unlike the parental GZ201801 strain. In conclusion, our study shows that ASFV protein MGF505-7R plays a key role in evading IFN-I-mediated innate immunity, revealing a new mode of evasion for ASFV. IMPORTANCE ASF, caused by ASFV, is currently prevalent in Eurasia, with mortality rates reaching 100% in pigs. At present, there are no safe or effective vaccines against ASFV. In this study, we found that the ASFV protein MGF505-7R hinders IFN-β signaling by interacting with IRF9 and inhibiting the formation of ISGF3 heterotrimers. Of note, we demonstrated that MGF505-7R plays a role in the immune evasion of ASFV in infected hosts and that recombinant viruses alleviated the effect on type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling and exhibited increased susceptibility to IFN-β. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing vaccines against ASFV using strains with MGF505-7R gene deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanliang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sizhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyi You
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanzhuo Mai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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Han N, Qu H, Xu T, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Ge S. Summary of the Current Status of African Swine Fever Vaccine Development in China. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040762. [PMID: 37112673 PMCID: PMC10145671 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal and contagious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars. There is still no credible commercially available vaccine. The only existing one, issued in Vietnam, is actually used in limited quantities in limited areas, for large-scale clinical evaluation. ASF virus is a large complex virus, not inducing full neutralizing antibodies, with multiple genotypes and a lack of comprehensive research on virus infection and immunity. Since it was first reported in China in August 2018, ASF has spread rapidly across the country. To prevent, control, further purify and eradicate ASF, joint scientific and technological research on ASF vaccines has been carried out in China. In the past 4 years (2018–2022), several groups in China have been funded for the research and development of various types of ASF vaccines, achieving marked progress and reaching certain milestones. Here, we have provided a comprehensive and systematic summary of all of the relevant data regarding the current status of the development of ASF vaccines in China to provide a reference for further progress worldwide. At present, the further clinical application of the ASF vaccine still needs a lot of tests and research accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijun Han
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Hailong Qu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Tiangang Xu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Shengqiang Ge
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-53-2856-21552
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Cheng M, Kanyema MM, Sun Y, Zhao W, Lu Y, Wang J, Li X, Shi C, Wang J, Wang N, Yang W, Jiang Y, Huang H, Yang G, Zeng Y, Wang C, Cao X. African Swine Fever Virus L83L Negatively Regulates the cGAS-STING-Mediated IFN-I Pathway by Recruiting Tollip To Promote STING Autophagic Degradation. J Virol 2023; 97:e0192322. [PMID: 36779759 PMCID: PMC9973008 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01923-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating infectious disease of pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which poses a great danger to the global pig industry. Many viral proteins can suppress with interferon signaling to evade the host's innate immune responses. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against ASFV has been dampened. Recent studies have suggested that the L83L gene may be integrated into the host genome, weakening the host immune system, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Our study found that L83L negatively regulates the cGAS-STING-mediated type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway. Overexpression of L83L inhibited IFN-β promoter and ISRE activity, and knockdown of L83L induced higher transcriptional levels of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and phosphorylation levels of IRF3 in primary porcine alveolar macrophages. Mechanistically, L83L interacted with cGAS and STING to promote autophagy-lysosomal degradation of STING by recruiting Tollip, thereby blocking the phosphorylation of the downstream signaling molecules TBK1, IRF3, and IκBα and reducing IFN-I production. Altogether, our study reveals a negative regulatory mechanism involving the L83L-cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis and provides insights into an evasion strategy involving autophagy and innate signaling pathways employed by ASFV. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus that primarily infects porcine macrophages. The ASFV genome encodes a large number of immunosuppressive proteins. Current options for the prevention and control of this pathogen remain pretty limited. Our study showed that overexpression of L83L inhibited the cGAS-STING-mediated type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway. In contrast, the knockdown of L83L during ASFV infection enhanced IFN-I production in porcine alveolar macrophages. Additional analysis revealed that L83L protein downregulated IFN-I signaling by recruiting Tollip to promote STING autophagic degradation. Although L83L deletion has been reported to have little effect on viral replication, its immune evade mechanism has not been elucidated. The present study extends our understanding of the functions of ASFV-encoded pL83L and its immune evasion strategy, which may provide a new basis for developing a live attenuated vaccine for ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Makoye Mhozya Kanyema
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Yu L, Zhu Z, Deng J, Tian K, Li X. Antagonisms of ASFV towards Host Defense Mechanisms: Knowledge Gaps in Viral Immune Evasion and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:574. [PMID: 36851786 PMCID: PMC9963191 DOI: 10.3390/v15020574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) causes high morbidity and mortality of both domestic pigs and wild boars and severely impacts the swine industry worldwide. ASF virus (ASFV), the etiologic agent of ASF epidemics, mainly infects myeloid cells in swine mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), including blood-circulating monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). Since their significant roles in bridging host innate and adaptive immunity, these cells provide ASFV with favorable targets to manipulate and block their antiviral activities, leading to immune escape and immunosuppression. To date, vaccines are still being regarded as the most promising measure to prevent and control ASF outbreaks. However, ASF vaccine development is delayed and limited by existing knowledge gaps in viral immune evasion, pathogenesis, etc. Recent studies have revealed that ASFV can employ diverse strategies to interrupt the host defense mechanisms via abundant self-encoded proteins. Thus, this review mainly focuses on the antagonisms of ASFV-encoded proteins towards IFN-I production, IFN-induced antiviral response, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, we also make a brief discussion concerning the potential challenges in future development of ASF vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzheng Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenbang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junhua Deng
- Luoyang Putai Biotech Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Identification of African swine fever virus MGF505-2R as a potent inhibitor of innate immunity in vitro. Virol Sin 2023; 38:84-95. [PMID: 36442611 PMCID: PMC10006314 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is etiologically an acute, highly contagious and hemorrhagic disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Due to its genetic variation and phenotypic diversity, until now, no efficient commercial vaccines or therapeutic options are available. The ASFV genome contains a conserved middle region and two flexible ends that code for five multigene families (MGFs), while the biological functions of the MGFs are not fully characterized. Here, ASFV MGF505-2R-deficient mutant ASFV-Δ2R was constructed based on a highly virulent genotype II field isolate ASFV CN/GS/2018 currently circulating in China. Transcriptomic profiling demonstrated that ASFV-Δ2R was capable of inducing a larger number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with ASFV CN/GS/2018. Hierarchical clustering of up-regulated DEGs revealed that ASFV-Δ2R induced the most dramatic expression of interferon-related genes and inflammatory and innate immune genes, as further validated by RT-qPCR. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis identified significantly enriched pathways involved in pathogen recognition and innate antiviral immunity. Conversely, pharmacological activation of those antiviral immune responses by exogenous cytokines, including type I/II IFNs, TNF-α and IL-1β, exerted combinatory effects and synergized in antiviral capacity against ASFV replication. Collectively, MGF505-2R is a newly identified inhibitor of innate immunity potentially implicated in immune evasion.
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African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV): Immunity and Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020199. [PMID: 36851077 PMCID: PMC9967541 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the highly contagious disease African swine fever (ASF), which can result in mortality rates of up to 100% in pigs infected by virulent strains [...].
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