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Le A, Peng H, Golinsky D, Di Scipio M, Lali R, Paré G. What Causes Premature Coronary Artery Disease? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:189-203. [PMID: 38573470 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of genetic and non-genetic causes of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD). RECENT FINDINGS pCAD refers to coronary artery disease (CAD) occurring before the age of 65 years in women and 55 years in men. Both genetic and non-genetic risk factors may contribute to the onset of pCAD. Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology of pCAD have revealed the importance of both monogenic and polygenic contributions to pCAD. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder associated with atherosclerotic pCAD. However, clinical overreliance on monogenic genes can result in overlooked genetic causes of pCAD, especially polygenic contributions. Non-genetic factors, notably smoking and drug use, are also important contributors to pCAD. Cigarette smoking has been observed in 25.5% of pCAD patients relative to 12.2% of non-pCAD patients. Finally, myocardial infarction (MI) associated with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may result in similar clinical presentations as atherosclerotic pCAD. Recognizing the genetic and non-genetic causes underlying pCAD is important for appropriate prevention and treatment. Despite recent progress, pCAD remains incompletely understood, highlighting the need for both awareness and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Le
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Helen Peng
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Danielle Golinsky
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Matteo Di Scipio
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Ricky Lali
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada.
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Khosravi A, Eghbali M, Najafian J, Bahonar A, Taheri M, Khosravi M, Nejati M, Behjati M. Prediction of blood pressure based on anthropometric measurements in adolescents. Acta Cardiol 2024; 79:304-310. [PMID: 37906023 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2256180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, an important health issue in children is obesity, leading to hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine association of blood pressure with anthropometric variables in adolescents. METHODS In this study, 1992 adolescents aged 11-18 years old between 2000 and 2007 were included. Cut point of anthropometric indices of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-stature ratio (WSR) and body mass index (BMI) was identified using Youden's index. RESULTS Cut point of BMI for identification of hypertension was 19.69, 25.5, 20.65 and 24.13 for boys at middle and high school, girls at middle and high school, respectively. This measure for WSR was 0.44, 0.50, 0.45 and 0.517 for boys at middle and high school, girls at middle and high school, respectively. Regarding WC, it was 69.50, 96.5, 65.5 and 77.5 for boys at middle and high school, girls at middle and high school, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In middle school boys, WSR, WC and BMI are associated with DBP but by increasing age, only BMI and weight are associated with DBP. BMI is the consistent anthropometric determinant of DBP. We also observed the relationship between WSR and SBP in boys, which could be applied as a predictive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khosravi
- Hypertension Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Eghbali
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Najafian
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bahonar
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Taheri
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Hypertension Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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de Lima TR, Silva DAS. Muscle Strength Indexes and Its Association With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents: An Allometric Approach. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:289-302. [PMID: 37369134 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2197024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims: Muscle strength (MS) has been associated with better cardiometabolic health prognosis. However, the result for the beneficial relationship seems to be dependent on the influence of body size in determining MS levels. We investigate the association between allometric MS indexes and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study comprising 351 adolescents (male: 44.4%; age range 14-19 years) from Southern Brazil. MS was assessed by handgrip strength and three different allometric approaches were adopted: 1) MS index based on theoretical allometric exponent; 2) MS index including body mass and height; 3) MS index including fat-free mass and height. Obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, glucose imbalance and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were investigated as individual factors or as combinations (either as combinations of components - presence of two adverse conditions, or number of components present in an individual - 0, 1, 2, 3+ cardiometabolic risk factors). Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounding factors were used. The statistical significance adopted was 5%. Results: MS index based on theoretical allometric exponent was associated with lower likelihood (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.28 - 0.89) for the presence of three or more cardiometabolic risk factors in the same individual. Conclusion: This study suggests that MS index based on the theoretical allometric exponent can be superior to allometric MS indexes that included body mass and height, or fat-free mass and height in representing the presence of high number of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.
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Cristian A, Tarry-Adkins JL, Aiken CE. The Uterine Environment and Childhood Obesity Risk: Mechanisms and Predictions. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:416-425. [PMID: 37338777 PMCID: PMC10444661 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood obesity is a growing health problem in many populations, hence the urgent need to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that exposure to suboptimal intrauterine environments can program foetal metabolic health, with adverse consequences in later life, including susceptibility to childhood obesity. FINDINGS Factors such as high and low foetal birth weight, excessive gestational-weight-gain, maternal stress and smoking are all associated with increased risk of childhood obesity in observational studies. Animal models, where both genetic background and the postnatal environment can be carefully controlled, suggest that several different mechanisms, including epigenetic changes, dysregulation of adipose tissue development and programming of appetite, may be key drivers of developmental programming of childhood obesity. However, the influence of genetics and the post-natal environment are much more difficult to disentangle as independent effects in human studies, which are also complicated by low follow-up rates. Suboptimal intrauterine environments interact with maternal and foetal genetics and with the postnatal environment to contribute to the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal metabolic challenges, for example obesity and insulin resistance, contribute to the risk of foetal overgrowth and subsequent adiposity in childhood. To protect the long-term health of populations, research focusing on effective means of identifying and intervening in the transgenerational cycle of childhood obesity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Cristian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of CambridgeThe Rosie HospitalandNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 223, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of CambridgeThe Rosie HospitalandNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 223, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Catherine E Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of CambridgeThe Rosie HospitalandNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 223, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Hensley M, Goodman M, Madani R, Jaggi P, Keesari R, Zhang Q, Oster ME. Cardiac complications in children with acute COVID-19 vs multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Am Heart J 2023; 263:177-182. [PMID: 37217158 PMCID: PMC10198793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac involvement can lead to significant morbidity in children with acute COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). However, the presentation and outcomes of cardiac involvement may differ among these 2 conditions. We aimed to compare the frequency and extent of cardiac involvement among children admitted with acute COVID-19 vs those with MIS-C. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional study of patients admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to August 2021 with symptomatic acute COVID-19 or MIS-C. Cardiac involvement was defined by presence of 1 or more of the following: elevated troponin, elevated brain natriuretic peptide, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction on echocardiogram, coronary dilation on echocardiogram, or abnormal electrocardiogram reading. RESULTS Among 346 acute COVID-19 patients with median age of 8.9 years and 304 MIS-C patients with median age of 9.1 years, cardiac involvement was present in 33 acute COVID-19 patients (9.5%) and 253 MIS-C patients (83.2%). The most common cardiac abnormality was abnormal electrocardiogram in acute COVID-19 patients (7.5%) and elevated troponin in MIS-C patients (67.8%). Among acute COVID-19 patients, obesity was significantly associated with cardiac involvement. Among MIS-C patients, non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity was significantly associated with cardiac involvement. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac involvement is much more common in children with MIS-C than in those with acute COVID-19. These results reinforce our standardized practice of performing full cardiac evaluations and follow-up in all patients with MIS-C but only in acute COVID-19 patients with signs or symptoms of cardiac involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hensley
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA.
| | | | - Rohit Madani
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Preeti Jaggi
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Qi Zhang
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Matthew E Oster
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
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Tong J, An X, Zhao L, Qu P, Tang X, Chen M, Liang X. Combining multiaspect factors to predict the risk of childhood hypertension incidence. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:1015-1025. [PMID: 35866196 PMCID: PMC9380136 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Childhood hypertension has become a global public health issue due to its increasing prevalence and association with cerebral‐cardiovascular disease in adults. In this study, we developed a predictive model for childhood hypertension based on environmental and genetic factors to identify at‐risk individuals. Eighty children diagnosed with childhood hypertension and 84 children in the control group matched by sex and age from an established cohort were included in a nested case–control study. We constructed a multiple logistic regression model to analyze the factors associated with hypertension and applied the 10‐fold cross‐validation method to verify the prediction stability of the model. Childhood hypertension was found positively correlated with triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dL; low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≥110 mg/dL; body mass index Z score; waist‐to‐height ratio Z score; and red blood cell count (all P < .01) and negatively correlated with the relative expression level of retinol acyltransferase; relative expression level of vitamin D receptor; and dietary intake of fiber, vitamin C and copper (all P < .05) in this study. BMI Z score, triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL, RBC count, VDR/β‐actin and LRAT/β‐actin ratios were used to construct the predictive model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 94.45% (95% CI = 89.35%∼98.65%, P < .001). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were all above 80% in both the training and validation sets. In conclusion, this model can predict the risk of childhood hypertension and could provide a theoretical basis for early prevention and intervention to improve the cardiovascular health of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuang Tong
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xizhou An
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Tang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
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Bassareo PP, O’Brien ST, Dunne E, Duignan S, Martino E, Martino F, Mcmahon CJ. Should We Be Screening for Ischaemic Heart Disease Earlier in Childhood? CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9070982. [PMID: 35883966 PMCID: PMC9320497 DOI: 10.3390/children9070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease is the most common cause of death in males and the second in the female gender. Yet we often only focus on identification and treatment of this foremost cause of death in adulthood. The review asks the question what form of coronary disease do we encounter in childhood, what predisposing factors give rise to atherosclerosis and what strategies in childhood could we employ to detect and reduce atherosclerosis development in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Bassareo
- Mater Misercordiae Hospital, Mater, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephen T. O’Brien
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Esme Dunne
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Sophie Duignan
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Eliana Martino
- Department of Paediatrics, La Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Martino
- Department of Paediatrics, La Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Colin J. Mcmahon
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (E.D.); (S.D.); (C.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Reference values for the Tri-ponderal mass index and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Soliman H, Ahmed S, Ibrahim A. Waist-to-height ratio as a clinical predictor for cardiovascular risks and insulin resistance in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-021-00085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Obesity is one of the most challenging clinical syndromes associated with deleterious health problems. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a newer index for abdominal fat assessment, can be a superior tool in the evaluation of cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to determine the relation between WHtR and lipid cardiovascular risk ratios and insulin resistance (IR) in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity.
Results
This analytical cross-sectional study included 80 children and adolescents with exogenous obesity, compared to 80 age- and sex-matched healthy non-overweight non-obese controls. Fasting lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), fasting insulin, and fasting blood glucose were done and lipoprotein risk ratios were calculated; TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, non-HDL/HDL, and TG/HDL). In addition, homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA IR), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC were calculated. The study group included 55 (34.4%) males and 105 (65.6%) females with a mean age of 13.6 ± 2.22 years. Obese group had significantly higher TC, TG, LDL, non-HDL, LDL/HDL, TC/HDL, non-HDL/HDL, and TG/HDL, with significantly lower HDL. In addition, they had significantly higher FBG, HOMA IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC indices compared to the control group. There were statistically significant correlations between WHtR and lipid profile, lipid risk ratios and indices of IR. WHtR was found to be an independent predictor of IR by linear regression analysis.
Conclusion
WHtR can be an excellent, easy, and reliable clinical predictor for cardiovascular risk and IR in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity.
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Mahumud RA, Sahle BW, Owusu-Addo E, Chen W, Morton RL, Renzaho AMN. Association of dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours with overweight and obesity among 282,213 adolescents in 89 low and middle income to high-income countries. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2404-2418. [PMID: 34274952 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent overweight and obesity are well documented in high-income countries (HICs). They are also emerging as a global public health concern in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet there is a lack of reliable, national-level data to inform policies and interventions. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and assess associated lifestyle risk factors amongst school-going adolescents in LMICs as well as HICs. METHODS A total of 282,213 samples were drawn from 89 LMICs and HICs in the 'latest Global School-based Student Health Survey' of school children, aged 11-17 years, during 2003 to 2015, in the six World Health Organisation (WHO) regions. The prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity were estimated using the WHO BMI-for-age growth standards. A multinomial logistic regression model was employed to estimate the adjusted (age and sex) association of food patterns, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours with adolescent overweight and obesity. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst adolescents was 10.12%, and 4.96%, respectively, ranging from 2.40% in Sri Lanka to 29.08% in Niue for overweight and 0.40% in Sri Lanka to 34.66% in the Cook Islands for obesity. Overweight and obesity were associated with unhealthy dietary intake and lifestyles including respectively fast-food intake (adjusted relative risk ratio, RRR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.12 and RRR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.26-1.38), a high level of carbonated soft drinks consumption (RRR = 1.19; 1.12-1.24 and RRR = 1.28; 1.18-1.38), a low level of physical activity (RRR = 1.11; 1.06-1.17 and 1.20; 1.12-1.28), and high level of sedentary behaviours (RRR = 1.33; 1.27-1.39 and RRR = 1.73; 1.63-1.84). Adolescents who consumed vegetables at least two times per day had a lower risk of overweight (22%) and obesity (17%) than those who did not consume vegetables per day. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent overweight and obesity represent a global public health problem and can possibly track into adult weight status and morbidity. School-based obesity prevention that promotes environmental and policy changes related to healthy dietary practices and active living are urgently needed to curb the trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. .,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Berhe W Sahle
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research (QPS), Alfred Health Partnership, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ebenezer Owusu-Addo
- Bureau of Integrated Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rachael Lisa Morton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andre M N Renzaho
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Engwa GA, Schmid-Zalaudek K, Anye C, Letswalo BP, Anye PC, Mungamba MM, Sewani-Rusike CR, Goswami N, Nkeh-Chungag BN. Assessment of Anthropometric Indices for Optimal Cut-Offs for Obesity Screening in a South African Adolescent Population. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111118. [PMID: 34827111 PMCID: PMC8614919 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The diagnosis of obesity in sub-Saharan African children relies on cut-off values for body mass index percentile (pBMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) established in western populations. Hence, this study assessed anthropometric indices to determine optimal cut-off values for obesity screening in the South African adolescent population. Findings from this study showed that the cut-off value for pBMI was p85.2th, which improved the sensitivity of the test by approximately 30% compared to the CDC recommended BMI percentile of p95.0th. Moreover, the optimal cut-off for WHtR was 0.481, which was close to the recommended cut-off value of 0.5. This study reveals a lower pBMI cut-off value, different from the CDC recommended cut-off, for screening obesity in a South African adolescent population and suggests that the optimal pBMI cut-off for obesity screening may be ethnic-specific. Abstract The assessment of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa relies on cut-offs established from western populations. This study assessed anthropometric indices to determine optimal cut-off values for obesity screening in the South African adolescent population. A cross-sectional study involving 1144 (796 females and 348 males) adolescents aged 11–17 years from the Eastern Cape Province of South African was conducted. Anthropometric parameters were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of obesity screening tools and establish cut-offs. The optimal cut-offs for obesity in the cohort using waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as reference were: neck circumference (NC) = 30.6 cm, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) = 25.9 cm, waist circumference (WC) = 75.1 cm, hip circumference (HC) = 92.15 cm and body mass index percentile (pBMI) = p85.2th. The new pBMI cut-off value at p85.2th improved the sensitivity of the test by approximately 30% compared to the CDC recommended BMI percentile (pBMIr) of p95.0th. When pBMI was used as reference, the optimal cut-offs in the cohort were: WHtR = 0.481, NC = 30.95 cm, MUAC = 27.95 cm, WC = 76.1 cm and HC = 95.75 cm. The WHtR optimal cut-off of 0.481 was close to the recommended cut-off value of 0.5. The predicted prevalence of obesity obtained using cut-offs from ROC analysis was higher than those from recommended references. All cut-off values for the various anthropometric measures generally increased with age for all percentile ranges. This study reveals a lower pBMI cut-off value, different from the CDC recommended cut-off, for screening obesity in a South African adolescent population. The study has established that the optimal pBMI cut-off for obesity screening may be ethnic-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwill Azeh Engwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Karin Schmid-Zalaudek
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, D-5 A 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Chungag Anye
- Dayenuel Consulting, Postnet Suites 092, Mthatha 5099, South Africa;
| | - Boitumelo P. Letswalo
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5177, South Africa; (B.P.L.); (M.M.M.); (C.R.S.-R.)
| | - Paul Chungag Anye
- MBCHB Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Muhau Muhulo Mungamba
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5177, South Africa; (B.P.L.); (M.M.M.); (C.R.S.-R.)
| | - Constance Rufaro Sewani-Rusike
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5177, South Africa; (B.P.L.); (M.M.M.); (C.R.S.-R.)
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, D-5 A 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (B.N.N.-C.)
| | - Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (B.N.N.-C.)
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Varman SD, Cliff DP, Jones RA, Hammersley ML, Zhang Z, Charlton K, Kelly B. Experiential Learning Interventions and Healthy Eating Outcomes in Children: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10824. [PMID: 34682570 PMCID: PMC8535521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Experiential learning is the process where learners create meaning from direct experience. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of experiential learning activities on dietary outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, behaviors) in children. Four databases: Education Research Complete, Scopus, Web of Science and PsychINFO were searched from database inception to 2020. Eligible studies included children 0-12 years, assessed effect of experiential learning on outcomes of interest compared to non-experiential learning and were open to any setting. The quality of studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool by two independent reviewers and effect size was calculated on each outcome. Nineteen studies were conducted in primary school, six in pre-school and one in an outside-of-school setting and used nine types of experiential learning strategies. Cooking, taste-testing, games, role-playing, and gardening were effective in improving nutrition outcomes in primary school children. Sensory evaluation, games, creative arts, and storybooks were effective for preschool children. Multiple strategies involving parents, and short/intense strategies are useful for intervention success. Experiential learning is a useful strategy to improve children's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards healthy eating. Fewer studies in pre-school and outside of school settings and high risk of bias may limit the generalizability and strength of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumantla D. Varman
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (D.P.C.); (R.A.J.); (M.L.H.); (Z.Z.); (B.K.)
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Dylan P. Cliff
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (D.P.C.); (R.A.J.); (M.L.H.); (Z.Z.); (B.K.)
- School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Rachel A. Jones
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (D.P.C.); (R.A.J.); (M.L.H.); (Z.Z.); (B.K.)
- School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Megan L. Hammersley
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (D.P.C.); (R.A.J.); (M.L.H.); (Z.Z.); (B.K.)
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (D.P.C.); (R.A.J.); (M.L.H.); (Z.Z.); (B.K.)
- School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Karen Charlton
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- Faculty of Science, School of Medicine, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Bridget Kelly
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (D.P.C.); (R.A.J.); (M.L.H.); (Z.Z.); (B.K.)
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Green Space and Health in Mainland China: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189937. [PMID: 34574854 PMCID: PMC8472560 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major cause of premature mortality and disabilities in China due to factors concomitant with rapid economic growth and urbanisation over three decades. Promoting green space might be a valuable strategy to help improve population health in China, as well as a range of co-benefits (e.g., increasing resilience to climate change). No systematic review has so far determined the degree of association between green space and health outcomes in China. This review was conducted to address this gap. Five electronic databases were searched using search terms on green space, health, and China. The review of 83 publications that met eligibility criteria reports associations indicative of various health benefits from more green space, including mental health, general health, healthier weight status and anthropometry, and more favorable cardiometabolic and cerebrovascular outcomes. There was insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions on mortality, birth outcomes, and cognitive function, and findings on respiratory and infectious outcomes were inconsistent and limited. Future work needs to examine the health benefits of particular types and qualities of green spaces, as well as to take advantage of (quasi-)experimental designs to test greening interventions within the context of China's rapid urbanization and economic growth.
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Meitei SY, Pao PSV, Devi TC, Sharma BS, Konjengbam H. Body adiposity measures and risk of adolescent hypertension among the postpubescents Northeast India. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23675. [PMID: 34499782 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study attempts to associate and predict adolescent hypertension in Northeast India through body adiposity measures. METHOD A total of 728 adolescents aged 15 years and above were included in the present study after consent. Blood pressure and related anthropometric data were collected. The prevalence rate was calculated. Significant tests and correlation analyses were conducted between the blood pressure parameters and anthropometric body adiposity measures. The odds ratio (OR) was also calculated to assess the likelihood of risks. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to find the measured parameters' predictive cut-off values. RESULTS The prevalence of adolescent hypertension is 29.12%, and elevated blood pressure is 20.47%. Boys are more hypertensive than girls. Obese adolescents are more prone to hypertension. Overweight, obese, and abdominal volume index (AVI) has 2.31, 5.15, and 3.41 OR to develop hypertension significantly, irrespective of gender. Among the boys, waist circumference (WC), AVI, and waist to height ratio (WHtR) significantly correlate with hypertension at adjusted for age; they are better predictors with area under curve (AUC) value reach 0.7. Among the females, the BMI reaches AUC 0.7, making it a better assessment for hypertension. CONCLUSION The study highlights the concerns of adolescent hypertension among Northeast Indian adolescents, which needs attention. More studies in different regions must be conducted to understand the problem's crux to enable health policymakers to promote adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P S Vaveine Pao
- Department of Anthropology, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | | | - Henry Konjengbam
- Department of Anthropology, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India
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15
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Buru K, Emeto TI, Malau-Aduli AEO, Malau-Aduli BS. Australian School Stakeholders' Perceived Strategies for Preventing Adolescent Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9387. [PMID: 34501977 PMCID: PMC8430679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent obesity is a complex multifactorial disease with a combination of environmental, behavioral, psychosocial, biological, cultural and genetic determinants. It remains a global public health issue that presents a major challenge to chronic disease prevention and health into adulthood. Schools have a rich opportunity to improve youth health and tackle obesity, yet they face barriers in fulfilling this function. This study investigated school stakeholders' beliefs and perceptions of the barriers and enablers currently experienced by schools, as well as their recommendations towards preventing adolescent obesity. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study design was utilised with surveys administered for the quantitative phase and individual interviews for the qualitative phase. Descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analyses were utilised for the survey and interview data, respectively. Triangulation of findings from the quantitative and qualitative phases aided in the better understanding and integration of the overall results. In total, 60 school stakeholders (52 subject teachers, 3 senior teachers and 5 heads of department) from both independent and public high schools in Queensland, Australia responded to the survey, while 14 respondents participated in the interviews. The main perceived causes of obesity were poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. Highlighted barriers were busy timetables, shortage of trained staff and funding, lack of robustness in the introduction and implementation of school interventions and insufficient motivation of learners to participate in obesity prevention programs. Enabling factors included parental support, easy access to fitness equipment during recess, supportive government policies, provision of healthier school tuck shop menu options and elimination of sugary drinks from vending machines. A model for the prevention of adolescent obesity was developed based on participants' perceptions. Tripartite collaboration between the school, government and parents was perceived as fundamental to preventing adolescent obesity. Strategies targeting nutrition, physical activity and overall health, including parental education on health, formal health talks in schools by health professionals and better-targeted advertisement encouraging healthy lifestyle choices, were identified as essential for improved adolescent health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakale Buru
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Theophilus I Emeto
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Bunmi S Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Predictors of Newborn's Weight for Height: A Machine Learning Study Using Nationwide Multicenter Ultrasound Data. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071280. [PMID: 34359366 PMCID: PMC8304217 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been no machine learning study with a rich collection of clinical, sonographic markers to compare the performance measures for a variety of newborns’ weight-for-height indicators. This study compared the performance measures for a variety of newborns’ weight-for-height indicators based on machine learning, ultrasonographic data and maternal/delivery information. The source of data for this study was a multi-center retrospective study with 2949 mother–newborn pairs. The mean-squared-error-over-variance measures of five machine learning approaches were compared for newborn’s weight, newborn’s weight/height, newborn’s weight/height2 and newborn’s weight/hieght3. Random forest variable importance, the influence of a variable over average node impurity, was used to identify major predictors of these newborns’ weight-for-height indicators among ultrasonographic data and maternal/delivery information. Regarding ultrasonographic fetal biometry, newborn’s weight, newborn’s weight/height and newborn’s weight/height2 were better indicators with smaller mean-squared-error-over-variance measures than newborn’s weight/height3. Based on random forest variable importance, the top six predictors of newborn’s weight were the same as those of newborn’s weight/height and those of newborn’s weight/height2: gestational age at delivery time, the first estimated fetal weight and abdominal circumference in week 36 or later, maternal weight and body mass index at delivery time, and the first biparietal diameter in week 36 or later. These six predictors also ranked within the top seven for large-for-gestational-age and the top eight for small-for-gestational-age. In conclusion, newborn’s weight, newborn’s weight/height and newborn’s weight/height2 are more suitable for ultrasonographic fetal biometry with smaller mean-squared-error-over-variance measures than newborn’s weight/height3. Machine learning with ultrasonographic data would be an effective noninvasive approach for predicting newborn’s weight, weight/height and weight/height2.
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Tam J, Thankam F, Agrawal DK, Radwan MM. Critical Role of LOX-1-PCSK9 Axis in the Pathogenesis of Atheroma Formation and Its Instability. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:1456-1466. [PMID: 34092505 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to annual deaths globally. Atherosclerosis is a prominent risk factor for CVD. Although significant developments have been recently made in the prevention and treatment, the molecular pathology of atherosclerosis remains unknown. Interestingly, the recent discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) introduced a new avenue to explore the molecular pathogenesis and novel management strategies for atherosclerosis. Initial research focussed on the PCSK9-mediated degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory pathways by oxidised low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Recently, PCSK9 and lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) were shown to positively amplify each other pro-inflammatory activity and gene expression in endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this literature review, we provide insight into the reciprocal relationship between PCSK9 and LOX-1 in the pathogenesis of atheroma formation and plaque instability in atherosclerosis. Further understanding of the LOX-1-PCSK9 axis possesses tremendous translational potential to design novel management approaches for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Finosh Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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Trandafir LM, Cojocaru E, Moscalu M, Leon Constantin MM, Miron I, Mastaleru A, Teslariu O, Datcu ME, Fotea S, Frăsinariu O. Predictive Markers of Early Cardiovascular Impairment and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pediatric Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040735. [PMID: 33924229 PMCID: PMC8074748 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of obesity among children determined the rising number of its comorbidities in children and adults, too. This study aimed to evaluate certain markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese pediatric patients, identifying those who are more likely to develop further complications. METHODS We included 115 obese pediatric patients: 85 overweight and obese patients in the study group and 30 normal-weight patients in the control group. We calculated the body mass index (BMI) and we evaluated markers (biological, inflammatory) and the hormones profile. RESULTS Low-threshold inflammation was assessed by measuring interleukin 6 IL-6 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecules (ICAM). The analysis showed that IL-6 is significantly correlated with glucose (p = 0.001) and BMI value (p = 0.031). ICAM correlates significantly with triglycerides (p = 0.001), glucose (p = 0.044) and BMI percentile (p = 0.037). For pediatric obese patients, endotoxemia has been significantly correlated only with BMI percentile (p = 0.001). Plasma cortisol did not show significant correlations with total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose or BMI percentile. The results indicated a significant predictive power of BMI percentile on inflammatory markers: IL-6 (AUC = 0.803, p < 0.001), ICAM (AUC = 0.806, p < 0.001) and endotoxemia (AUC = 0.762, p = 0.019). Additionally, BMI percentile has a significant predictive power for metabolic markers of insulin resistance (insulin value: AUC = 0.72, p < 0.001 and HOMA index: AUC = 0.68, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The study highlighted the importance of early markers of cardiovascular risk in obese pediatric patients represented by IL-6, ICAM, endotoxemia and their correlation with metabolic markers of insulin resistance represented by insulinemia, HOMA index and plasma cortisol. It can clearly be considered that the BMI percentile has significant predictive power for metabolic markers of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (O.F.)
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.M.L.C.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon Constantin
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.M.L.C.)
| | - Ingrith Miron
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (O.F.)
| | - Alexandra Mastaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Oana Teslariu
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (O.F.)
| | - Madalina Elena Datcu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Department of Medical Specialties, Dunarea de Jos University, 800216 Galati, Romania;
| | - Otilia Frăsinariu
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.T.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (O.F.)
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Pre-pregnancy maternal BMI classification is associated with preschool childhood diet quality and childhood obesity in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:6137-6144. [PMID: 33820590 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of maternal BMI class pre-pregnancy (overweight/obese v. healthy weight/underweight) on childhood diet quality and on childhood overweight/obesity risk. DESIGN Dietary data were collected using 3-d parental-completed food records for their children at ages 18 and 43 months. An index of diet quality was derived by classification of food items into core and non-core foods. Adjusted multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the effect of maternal BMI class on diet quality in their children. SETTING Avon, UK. PARTICIPANTS A 10% subsample of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Nine-hundred and eighty children provided complete dietary data at 18 months and 769 at 43 months. RESULTS Children with overweight/obese mothers consumed greater amounts of energy from non-core foods than children with healthy weight/underweight mothers (0·20 MJ (48 kcal)/d more at 18 months (P < 0·001); 0·19 MJ (45 kcal)/d more at 43 months (P = 0·008)) in adjusted models. Diet quality deteriorated between 18 and 43 months (children reduced their dietary energy intake from core foods (P < 0·001) and increased intake from non-core foods (P < 0·001)). However, this change was not associated with maternal BMI class in adjusted models. Having an overweight/obese mother was associated with an increased odds of the child being overweight/obese at 43 months (OR 1·74 (1·17, 2·58)). CONCLUSIONS Children aged 18 and 43 months with overweight/obese mothers are likely to have a poorer quality diet than those with healthy/underweight mothers. Parents should be supported in discouraging the consumption of non-core foods in children at these ages.
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Lee KS, Kim HY, Lee SJ, Kwon SO, Na S, Hwang HS, Park MH, Ahn KH. Prediction of newborn's body mass index using nationwide multicenter ultrasound data: a machine-learning study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 33653299 PMCID: PMC7927215 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study introduced machine learning approaches to predict newborn's body mass index (BMI) based on ultrasound measures and maternal/delivery information. METHODS Data came from 3159 obstetric patients and their newborns enrolled in a multi-center retrospective study. Variable importance, the effect of a variable on model performance, was used for identifying major predictors of newborn's BMI among ultrasound measures and maternal/delivery information. The ultrasound measures included biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) taken three times during the week 21 - week 35 of gestational age and once in the week 36 or later. RESULTS Based on variable importance from the random forest, major predictors of newborn's BMI were the first AC and EFW in the week 36 or later, gestational age at delivery, the first AC during the week 21 - the week 35, maternal BMI at delivery, maternal weight at delivery and the first BPD in the week 36 or later. For predicting newborn's BMI, linear regression (2.0744) and the random forest (2.1610) were better than artificial neural networks with one, two and three hidden layers (150.7100, 154.7198 and 152.5843, respectively) in the mean squared error. CONCLUSIONS This is the first machine-learning study with 64 clinical and sonographic markers for the prediction of newborns' BMI. The week 36 or later is the most effective period for taking the ultrasound measures and AC and EFW are the best predictors of newborn's BMI alongside gestational age at delivery and maternal BMI at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Sig Lee
- AI Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sunghun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Han Sung Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Hye Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Medical Institute, Ewha Medical Center, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Dennis CL, Marini F, Dick JA, Atkinson S, Barrett J, Bell R, Berard A, Berger H, Brown HK, Constantin E, Da Costa D, Feller A, Guttmann A, Janus M, Joseph KS, Jüni P, Kimmins S, Letourneau N, Li P, Lye S, Maguire JL, Matthews SG, Millar D, Misita D, Murphy K, Nuyt AM, O'Connor DL, Parekh RS, Paterson A, Puts M, Ray J, Roumeliotis P, Scherer S, Sellen D, Semenic S, Shah PS, Smith GN, Stremler R, Szatmari P, Telnner D, Thorpe K, Tremblay MS, Vigod S, Walker M, Birken C. Protocol for a randomised trial evaluating a preconception-early childhood telephone-based intervention with tailored e-health resources for women and their partners to optimise growth and development among children in Canada: a Healthy Life Trajectory Initiative (HeLTI Canada). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046311. [PMID: 33568380 PMCID: PMC7878148 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease' hypothesis suggests that a healthy trajectory of growth and development in pregnancy and early childhood is necessary for optimal health, development and lifetime well-being. The purpose of this paper is to present the protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating a preconception-early childhood telephone-based intervention with tailored e-health resources for women and their partners to optimise growth and development among children in Canada: a Healthy Life Trajectory Initiative (HeLTI Canada). The primary objective of HeLTI Canada is to determine whether a 4-phase 'preconception to early childhood' lifecourse intervention can reduce the rate of child overweight and obesity. Secondary objectives include improved child: (1) growth trajectories; (2) cardiometabolic risk factors; (3) health behaviours, including nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep; and (4) development and school readiness at age 5 years. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A randomised controlled multicentre trial will be conducted in two of Canada's highly populous provinces-Alberta and Ontario-with 786 nulliparous (15%) and 4444 primiparous (85%) women, their partners and, when possible, the first 'sibling child.' The intervention is telephone-based collaborative care delivered by experienced public health nurses trained in healthy conversation skills that includes detailed risk assessments, individualised structured management plans, scheduled follow-up calls, and access to a web-based app with individualised, evidence-based resources. An 'index child' conceived after randomisation will be followed until age 5 years and assessed for the primary and secondary outcomes. Pregnancy, infancy (age 2 years) and parental outcomes across time will also be assessed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received approval from Clinical Trials Ontario (CTO 1776). The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to policymakers at local, national and international agencies. Findings will also be shared with study participants and their communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN13308752; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Lawrence S. Bloomburg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Abbass Dick
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rhonda Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anick Berard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Saint Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Howard Berger
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hillary K Brown
- Department of Health & Society (Scarborough Campus), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelyn Constantin
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Da Costa
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Ontario, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrea Feller
- Niagara Region Public Health, Thorold, Ontario, Canada
| | - Astrid Guttmann
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena Janus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Millar
- Monarch Maternal and Newborn Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dragana Misita
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kellie Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Saint Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rulan Savita Parekh
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Paterson
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martine Puts
- Lawrence S. Bloomburg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel Ray
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Scherer
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Semenic
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Ontario, Canada
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graeme N Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robyn Stremler
- Lawrence S. Bloomburg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deanna Telnner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Thorpe
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone Vigod
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Birken
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pelegrini A, Bim MA, Souza FUD, Kilim KSDS, Pinto ADA. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e80352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
abstract It is important to know about overweight and obesity situation of Brazilian children and adolescents. The present study aims to update scientific production, through a systematic review, on the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents. Nine databases were verified, and 1,316 references were examined from 2018 to 2019. The electronic search was conducted by three independent researchers. All review steps followed a strategy based on PRISMA. 40 studies were included in this systematic review. Most studies use the World Health Organization classification criteria. The prevalence of overweight in Brazilian children and adolescents varies from 8.8% to 22.2% (boys: 6.2% to 21%; girls: 6.9% to 27.6%). The prevalence of obesity varied from 3.8% to 24% (boys: 2.4% to 28.9%; girls: 1.6% to 19.4%). It was observed that the socioeconomic factors (sex, skin color, economic level, region, mother's educational level, living in a rented house and without access to the internet), hereditary/genetic (family history of dyslipidemia and overweight and rs9939609 genotype) and behavioral (physical activity, screen time, eating habits, perceived body weight, health vulnerability, presence of a result close to home, alcoholic beverages, cigarette consumption) were associated with the outcome. It is concluded that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Brazilian children and adolescents are worrisome and most of the factors associated with the outcomes are subject to change from the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.
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Buru K, Emeto TI, Malau-Aduli AEO, Malau-Aduli BS. The Efficacy of School-Based Interventions in Preventing Adolescent Obesity in Australia. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040514. [PMID: 33255635 PMCID: PMC7711488 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current trends suggest that adolescent obesity is an on-going and recurrent decimal that is still on the rise in Australia and the social burden associated with it can significantly cause low self-esteem and lack of confidence in personal body image in adulthood. Nonetheless, evidence-based prevention programs are not widely implemented in schools, even though they are commonplace for easy access to adolescents. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess the scope and efficacy of adolescent obesity intervention strategies in Australian schools, to guide future research. Seven electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed school-based intervention articles written in the English language and targeting 12-18-year-old adolescents. Intervention characteristics were extracted, and quality, efficacy and outcome measures were assessed utilizing thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most of the Australian adolescent obesity research emanated from the State of New South Wales and none were nationwide. Five studies successfully met all the requirements in all measured outcomes, four met at least one measured outcome and the remaining four were unsuccessful. Despite the weak evidence of intervention efficacy for most of the reviewed studies, school-based interventions with multi-component combinations of physical activity, nutrition and alignment to a theory yielded promising results. Our findings point to the need for future research to assess the perceptions of school stakeholders in relation to the barriers and enablers to establishing school-based prevention and intervention programs for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakale Buru
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Theophilus I. Emeto
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (T.I.E.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (T.I.E.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-4781-4418
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Overweight and Obesity in Children of Immigrant Versus Native Parents: Exploring a Local Setting in Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217897. [PMID: 33126527 PMCID: PMC7663684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Portugal, the majority of immigrants come from Portuguese-speaking countries. Among children, overweight and obesity are serious public health concerns, but a few studies include children with immigrant background. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and risk of abdominal obesity in school-age children and to explore potential determinants, considering the origin of the children’s parents (both mother and father are non-Portuguese, only one Portuguese, and both are Portuguese). A cross-sectional study included a random sample of 789 children (5–11 years old, 49.2% of males and 50.8% female) attending public primary schools in Barreiro, district of Setubal, Portugal. Fieldwork occurred from 20th April to 3rd July 2009. Data concerning socioeconomic, eating habits, and sports outside school were obtained through a questionnaire applied to the children’s person in charge. Anthropometric measures were collected by certified technicians. One-third of the children presented overweight and obesity (33.7%, 95% CI [30.0; 37.7]) and risk of abdominal obesity (16.4%, 95% CI [13.6; 19.7]) without differences according to parents’ origin. Children with immigrant background presented higher consumption of low-priced, high-sugar, and high-fat foods, with a worse situation for girls. Females from both non-Portuguese parents also practiced less sports outside school than those where one or two parents are Portuguese. Thus, promoting and monitoring a healthy diet and physical activity in this group should be prioritized in this local setting.
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Duft RG, Castro A, Bonfante ILP, Lopes WA, da Silva LR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Leite N, Cavaglieri CR. Altered metabolomic profiling of overweight and obese adolescents after combined training is associated with reduced insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16880. [PMID: 33037261 PMCID: PMC7547065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training and a healthy diet are the main non-pharmacological strategies for treating chronic conditions, such as obesity and insulin resistance (IR), in adolescents. However, the isolated metabolic changes caused by exercise training without dietary intervention have not yet been established. We investigated how combined training (CT) without dietary intervention altered the concentrations of serum metabolites, biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters in overweight and obese adolescents. Thirty-seven adolescents (14.6 ± 1.05 years), of both sexes, were randomly assigned to the control group (CG, n = 19) or the training group (TG, n = 18). The CT was composed by resistance training and aerobic training performed in the same session (~ 60 min), three times a week, for 12 weeks. All assessments were performed pre and post-intervention. Metabolomics analyses were conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) in a 600 MHz spectrometer. There was a decrease in body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), % body fat (%BF), fasting glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance (IR), by HOMA-IR, in the TG. An increase in fat-free mass (FFM) was also observed in the CG. The metabolic changes were given mainly by changes in the levels of metabolites 2-oxoisocaproate (↓TG), 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (↑CG and ↓TG), glucose (↓TG), glutamine (↓CG and ↑TG) and pyruvate (↓TG). These findings demonstrate the positive effects of CT program without dietary intervention on metabolomic profile, body composition, biochemical markers, and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. ÉricoVeríssimo, 701, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. ÉricoVeríssimo, 701, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan L P Bonfante
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. ÉricoVeríssimo, 701, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wendell A Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Larissa R da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mara P T Chacon-Mikahil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. ÉricoVeríssimo, 701, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. ÉricoVeríssimo, 701, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Holt RR, Zuelch ML, Charoenwoodhipong P, Al-Dashti YA, Hackman RM, Keen CL. Effects of short-term consumption of strawberry powder on select parameters of vascular health in adolescent males. Food Funct 2020; 11:32-44. [PMID: 31942892 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States and much of the developed world, costing billions of dollars in lost work time, lower productivity and high health care expenditures. Research on foods and bioactive food components that have cardioprotective benefits may provide new insights as to how modest changes in one's diet may result in a reduced risk of vascular disease. In intervention trials, the consumption of strawberries, either fresh or freeze-dried, has been reported to improve select markers of cardiovascular health, including improved lipid profiles, microvascular function, and platelet reactivity. Consistent with the above, epidemiological studies suggest beneficial effects of strawberries on vascular function. Preliminary studies on the effects of freeze-dried strawberry powder on vascular health are reviewed in the current paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Tang HK, Nguyen NM, Dibley MJ, Nguyen THHD, Alam A. Improving the Lifestyle of Adolescents Through Peer Education and Support in Vietnam: Protocol for a Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e15930. [PMID: 32589155 PMCID: PMC7381061 DOI: 10.2196/15930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, recent studies found a rapid increase in overweight and obesity in adolescents. There is a need for effective health promotion interventions to support healthy diets and encourage a physically active lifestyle. This study will help fill an evidence gap on effective interventions to prevent excess weight gain in adolescents and generate new insights about peer-led education to promote healthy lifestyles. OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a combined peer-led and peer support intervention among junior high school students in Ho Chi Minh City. Additionally, the efficacy of the intervention on adolescents' dietary practices and time spent on physical activity will also be measured in this pilot study. METHODS The Peer Education and Peer Support (PEPS) project is a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial with 2 intervention and 2 control schools. The intervention consists of 4 weekly education sessions of why and how to choose healthy food and drinks and how to be more physically active. Additionally, the intervention includes a school-based and online support system to help maintain student engagement during the intervention. We will use in-depth interviews with students, peer leaders, teachers, and parents; focus group discussions with peer educators; and direct observation of the school environment and peer leaders' interactions with the students. Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention will be assessed. We will also quantitatively assess limited efficacy by measuring changes in student' physical activity levels and dietary behaviors. RESULTS We delivered the peer education intervention at the start of each school year over 3 months for all new grade 6 adolescents in the selected schools, followed by peer support and home engagement activities over 6 months until the end of the school year. There was a baseline assessment and 2 post-intervention assessments: the first immediately after the intervention to assess the short-term impact and the second at the end of the school year to assess the sustained impact on changes in adiposity, diet, and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study will be used to develop a larger-scale cluster randomized controlled trial to examine the impact of a multicomponent, school- and home-based health promotion intervention. The trial will use innovative peer education methods to reduce overweight and obesity and improve dietary choices and physical activity levels in Vietnamese adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000421134; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376690&isReview=true. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong K Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Michael J Dibley
- The Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Trang H H D Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ashraful Alam
- The Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bishwajit G, Yaya S. Overweight and obesity among under-five children in South Asia. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1769992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghose Bishwajit
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of International Development and Global Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Toomey E, Matvienko-Sikar K, Heary C, Delaney L, Queally M, Hayes CB, Kearney PM, Byrne M. Intervention Fidelity Within Trials of Infant Feeding Behavioral Interventions to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:75-97. [PMID: 29796664 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intervention fidelity refers to whether an intervention has been implemented as intended. Trials of infant feeding behavioral interventions to prevent childhood obesity show inconsistent evidence of effectiveness. However, intervention fidelity has not been previously explored within these trials, limiting interpretation of findings. Purpose To review the use and/or reporting of strategies to enhance and assess intervention fidelity within trials of infant feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity, and their association with study quality, effectiveness, and publication year. Methods Seven electronic databases were searched, with articles screened for inclusion by two reviewers. The National Institutes of Health Behaviour Change Consortium fidelity checklist was used to assess use and/or reporting of fidelity strategies across five domains (design, provider training, delivery, receipt, and enactment). Results Ten trials (16 papers) were identified. Average use/reporting of fidelity strategies was moderate (54%), ranging from 28.9% to 76.7%. Levels of use/reporting ranged from 15.9% in the domain of provider training to 95% for enactment. No association was found between these levels and study quality, effectiveness, or publication year. Conclusions The moderate use/reporting of fidelity strategies within trials of infant feeding interventions suggests that previous findings of inconsistent effectiveness may not fully reflect the intended interventions. The review highlights key considerations for improving future research, both in the area of behavioral infant feeding and wider behavior change literature. This includes improving reporting across all fidelity domains and ensuring an enhanced focus on provider training and control group content to optimize the translation of research into practice. PROSPERO Registration number CRD42016033492.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Toomey
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Room 2058, Arts Millennium Building, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Caroline Heary
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michelle Queally
- Discipline of Economics, JE Cairnes School of Business and Economics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Molly Byrne
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Environmental, Socioeconomic, Maternal, and Breastfeeding Factors Associated with Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Ceará, Brazil: A Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051557. [PMID: 32121311 PMCID: PMC7084504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is now an epidemic in many countries worldwide and is known to be a multifactorial condition. We aimed to examine the relationship of environmental, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors with childhood overweight and obesity. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of children from 2 to 6 years of age in Ceará, Brazil. Children’s nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) Z scores categorized as overweight and obesity. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the factors with overweight and obesity. A total of 2059 children participated, of which 50.4% were male. The mean age was 46 ± 17 months, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity of 12.0% (95% CI 10.7–13.6) and 8.0% (6.7–9.5), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the probability of childhood obesity increased as family income increased (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.6 (95% CI 0.37–0.95), p-value = 0.03). Moreover, families with fewer children had more than 30% fewer overweight children (aHR 0.68; 95% CI 0.48–0.96). Environmental, socioeconomic, and child nutritional factors were associated with overweight and obesity. The results provided could be used to design integrated interventions spanning from conception, or earlier, through the first years of life and may improve child nutritional outcomes.
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Adolescent Obesity: Diet Quality, Psychosocial Health, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010043. [PMID: 31877943 PMCID: PMC7020092 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifaceted chronic condition with several contributing causes, including biological risk factors, socioeconomic status, health literacy, and numerous environmental influences. Of particular concern are the increasing rates of obesity in children and adolescents, as rates of obesity in youth in the United States have tripled within the last three decades. Youth from historically disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have higher rates of obesity compared to other groups. Adolescents often do not meet intake recommendations for certain food groups and nutrients, which may contribute to a heightened risk of obesity. With obesity disproportionately affecting adolescents (ages 12–19 years), negative effects of excess adiposity may be particularly salient during this critical period of development. The presentation of chronic cardiometabolic disease symptoms typically observed in adults, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, are becoming increasingly common in adolescents with obesity. Additionally, there is dynamic interplay between obesity and psychosocial health, as adolescents with obesity may have increased levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and reduced resilience. To reduce and prevent adolescent obesity, the implementation of theory-driven multicomponent school- and community-based interventions have been suggested. These interventions promote knowledge and self-efficacy for healthful practices that have the potential to progress to sustained behavior change.
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Cord Leptin, C-Peptide and Insulin Levels in Large for Gestational Age Newborns in Sri Lanka. Int J Pediatr 2019; 2019:4268658. [PMID: 31975995 PMCID: PMC6959154 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4268658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large for gestational age (LGA) infants are more prone to be obese and are at a higher risk of metabolic complications later in life. It is established that Asians have lower skeletal muscle mass and excess body fat for a given body mass index. Thus, objective of this study was to determine the relationship between leptin, insulin, C-peptide in cord blood on the birth weight of newborns and to determine whether these parameters are deviated from data already published from other populations. Methods Umbilical cord blood was collected from 90 newborns (male 50, gestational age 38–42 weeks) which comprise of 43 LGA and 47 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns. Serum leptin, insulin and C-peptide levels were measured and anthropometric parameters of the newborn and maternal characteristics were recorded. Results Significantly higher (P < 0.001) concentrations of leptin, insulin and C-peptide levels (12.670 ± 2.345 ng/mL, 18.725 ± 0.644 µIU/mL, 9.318 ± 0.772 ng/mL) were observed in the LGA group compared to AGA group (7.108 ± 0.906 ng/mL, 13.081 ± 0.428 µIU/mL, 5.439 ± 0.192 ng/mL) and all three parameters showed positive and significant correlations with anthropometric parameters of the newborn and maternal characteristics. Conclusion Although increased leptin, insulin and C-peptide levels may be involved in insulin resistance, increased adiposity and macrosomia, they were not significantly deviated from published data from other populations. Other factors may contribute to higher fat mass found in Asian populations and finding this relationship during neonatal period is useful to predict risk factors for childhood obesity.
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Oliveira CQ, Oliveira RB, Brasil IA, Junior LL, Mendes E, Monteiro WD, Farinatti P. Four-second dynamic exercise testing (T4S) for the assessment of cardiac vagal modulation in obese adolescents. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:115003. [PMID: 31627205 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab4f1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced vagal activity is often present in obese adolescents. Simple and practical strategies for the assessment of isolate parasympathetic outflow in this population are therefore useful. OBJECTIVES To compare the methods derived from heart rate variability (HRV) analysis at rest and 4 s exercise testing (T4S) for the assessment of cardiac parasympathetic modulation in adolescents classified as obese (OB) or with normal weight (NW). Additionally, associations between total and trunk fat versus autonomic modulation determined by the two methods were calculated. APPROACH A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 adolescents (26 OB and 24 NW, 14.7 ± 1.5 years), comparing autonomic indices provided by HRV and T4S. Body fractioning was determined employing dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). MAIN RESULTS The cardiac vagal index (CVI) obtained from T4S and standard time- and frequency-domain HRV measures were lower in OB versus NW (P ⩽ 0.05). Correlations between CVI and HRV indices of cardiac vagal modulation were as follows: CVI versus RMSSD (r = 0.44; P = 0.003); CVI versus pNN50 (r = 0.32; P = 0.04); CVI versus HF (r = 0.35; P = 0.02). Associations between body fat, android/gynoid ratio, and percent trunk fat versus CVI were of similar magnitude and direction than versus HRV indices. SIGNIFICANCE The T4S proved to be adequate to detect cardiac parasympathetic impairment in obese adolescents. Moreover, vagal modulation assessed by HRV and T4S inversely correlated with visceral adipose tissue. These findings along with the simplicity and safety of the T4S should encourage its use in the assessment of cardiac parasympathetic modulation in obese pediatric populations.
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Di Cesare M, Sorić M, Bovet P, Miranda JJ, Bhutta Z, Stevens GA, Laxmaiah A, Kengne AP, Bentham J. The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action. BMC Med 2019; 17:212. [PMID: 31760948 PMCID: PMC6876113 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically. This worldwide epidemic has important consequences, including psychiatric, psychological and psychosocial disorders in childhood and increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. Treatment of obesity is difficult and children with excess weight are likely to become adults with obesity. These trends have led member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) to endorse a target of no increase in obesity in childhood by 2025. MAIN BODY Estimates of overweight in children aged under 5 years are available jointly from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), WHO and the World Bank. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) has published country-level estimates of obesity in children aged 2-4 years. For children aged 5-19 years, obesity estimates are available from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. The global prevalence of overweight in children aged 5 years or under has increased modestly, but with heterogeneous trends in low and middle-income regions, while the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2-4 years has increased moderately. In 1975, obesity in children aged 5-19 years was relatively rare, but was much more common in 2016. CONCLUSIONS It is recognised that the key drivers of this epidemic form an obesogenic environment, which includes changing food systems and reduced physical activity. Although cost-effective interventions such as WHO 'best buys' have been identified, political will and implementation have so far been limited. There is therefore a need to implement effective programmes and policies in multiple sectors to address overnutrition, undernutrition, mobility and physical activity. To be successful, the obesity epidemic must be a political priority, with these issues addressed both locally and globally. Work by governments, civil society, private corporations and other key stakeholders must be coordinated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maroje Sorić
- University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Secteur Croisettes/Bâtiment SC-B, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ministry of Health, Hospital Road, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, 15102, Lima, Peru
| | - Zulfiqar Bhutta
- Aga Khan University, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Gretchen A Stevens
- Independent consultant, Los Angeles, USA.,c/o: School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Avula Laxmaiah
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Beside Tarnaka Metro Station, Osmania University PO, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Andre-Pascal Kengne
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, Cape Town, 7501, South Africa
| | - James Bentham
- University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK.
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Kim SH, Park Y, Song YH, An HS, Shin JI, Oh JH, Lee JW, Kim SH, Kim HS, Shin HJ, Lee HK, Park YB, Lee HY, Kim NS, Ha IS, Ahn S, Lee W, Hong YM. Blood Pressure Reference Values for Normal Weight Korean Children and Adolescents: Data from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998-2016: The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension. Korean Circ J 2019; 49:1167-1180. [PMID: 31456368 PMCID: PMC6875600 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2019.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Hypertension is becoming one of the most common health conditions in children and adolescents due to increasing childhood obesity. We aimed to provide the auscultatory blood pressure (BP) normative reference values for Korean non-overweight children and adolescents. Methods BP measurements in children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years were performed in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 1998 to 2016. BP was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Sex-, age- and height-specific systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) percentiles were calculated in the non-overweight children (n=10,442). We used the General Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape method to calculate BP percentiles. Results The 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of SBP and DBP tables and graphs of non-overweight children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years were presented by age and height percentiles. We found that the SBP and DBP at the 95th percentile were well correlated with height. The BP tables presented by height contained BP values from 124 cm to 190 cm for boys and from 120 cm to 178 cm for girls. Boys had higher SBP and DBP. Conclusions We provided the sex-, age- and height-specific auscultatory BP values using the KNHANES big data. These may be useful in diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in Korean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.,The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmi Park
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Song
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Hyo Soon An
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Oh
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea, St.Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung Won Lee
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Shin
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Kyoung Lee
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Bong Park
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hae Yong Lee
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Nam Su Kim
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Soo Ha
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woojoo Lee
- Department of Statistics, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Mi Hong
- The Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hawkins KR, Apolzan JW, Staiano AE, Shanley JR, Martin CK. Efficacy of a Home-Based Parent Training-Focused Weight Management Intervention for Preschool Children: The DRIVE Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:740-748. [PMID: 31178009 PMCID: PMC7384743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To pilot-test a home-based parent training intervention aimed at maintaining body weight among children at risk for obesity (> the 75th body mass index percentile). METHODS Sixteen parent-child dyads were randomized to a health education or Developing Relationships that Include Values of Eating and Exercise (DRIVE) intervention arm. The DRIVE curriculum was a structured parenting program to promote healthy weight in children by relying on behavioral principles to promote skill acquisition in the family's natural setting. Body weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and weeks 9 and 19. RESULTS Body mass index z-score, body weight, and percent body weight increased in children in the health education arm vs DRIVE at weeks 9 and 19. Body weight, percent body weight, and waist circumference decreased in parents in DRIVE vs the health education arm at week 19, whereas no differences were shown at week 9. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The DRIVE program mitigated weight gain in a small sample of at-risk children and showed promising results in reducing weight in parents. Home-based interventions emphasizing parent-child interactions are indicated as a practical model to deliver weight management in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely R Hawkins
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - John W Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Amanda E Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA.
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Simonyte S, Kuciene R, Dulskiene V, Lesauskaite V. Associations of the adrenomedullin gene polymorphism with prehypertension and hypertension in Lithuanian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6807. [PMID: 31048758 PMCID: PMC6497928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of ADM genetic variant and HBP among Lithuanian adolescents aged 12-15 years. This is a cross-sectional study of a randomly selected sample of 675 12-15-years-old schoolchildren who were surveyed during November 2010 to April 2012 in the baseline survey. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ADM gene (rs7129220) was evaluated using real-time PCR. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the associations of ADM (rs7129220) polymorphism with HBP under four inheritance models based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and to calculate the odds ratios. In the multivariate analysis, boys carrying ADM AG genotype (vs. carriers of ADM GG genotype), ADM AG + AA genotype (vs. carriers of ADM GG genotype) and ADM AG genotype (vs. carriers of ADM GG + AA genotype) had higher odds of having hypertension in codominant, dominant, and overdominant inheritance models. Girls with ADM AG + AA had increased odds of prehypertension compared to girls with the ADM GG genotype carriers in dominant inheritance model. Significant associations were observed in additive models separately for boys (hypertension) and girls (prehypertension). Our results indicate that ADM gene polymorphism was significantly associated with higher odds of HBP in Lithuanian adolescents aged 12-15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrita Simonyte
- Institute of Cardiology of the Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Renata Kuciene
- Institute of Cardiology of the Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Virginija Dulskiene
- Institute of Cardiology of the Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaite
- Institute of Cardiology of the Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Jalali-Farahani S, Amiri P, Akbar HM, Cheraghi L, Karimi M, Azizi F. Effects of a Healthy Lifestyle Education on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Children during a 13-Year Follow-up. Int J Behav Med 2018; 25:131-140. [PMID: 28795355 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-017-9680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine effects of community-based healthy lifestyle education on the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Tehranian children considering parental factors during a 13-year follow-up. METHODS This study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) on 1603 healthy children, aged 8-18 years, who had complete parental data. Parental factors including MetS, education, age, occupation, and smoking were considered to distinguish parental clusters which could potentially predispose children to MetS. Lifestyle interventions were aimed at achieving healthy dietary patterns and increasing physical activity. Cluster analysis and survival Cox model were used to determine potential low and high risk parental clusters and the effect of intervention on the hazard of MetS in children respectively. RESULTS In a model adjusted for children's age and sex, the hazard of the MetS incidence was 36% higher in children from high-risk parental cluster than those from low-risk parental cluster (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07-1.73). Moreover, the intervention group showed a 39% lower risk for MetS incidence (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.85) compared to controls, during the first 6 years after baseline assessment (short term), although the risk lowering effect of the intervention was not maintained long term. CONCLUSION A healthy lifestyle education was successful in reducing the short-term risk of MetS in children. To identify ways of maintaining long-term results, further research is definitely warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was funded by National Research Council and Planning and Management Organization and has been reviewed and approved by the Iranian registry of clinical trials (ISRCTN52588395).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hasti Masihay Akbar
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Cheraghi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Subramanian SK, Sharma VK, Rajendran R. Assessment of heart rate variability for different somatotype category among adolescents. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 30:jbcpp-2018-0104. [PMID: 30422802 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Somatotype is a quantified expression of the morphological conformation of a person in terms of three-numeral rating each representing one component; fat (endomorphy), muscle mass (mesomorphy) and bone length (ectomorphy) in the same order. Certain somatotypes are more prone to develop the particular disease. Obesity and overweight are already epidemic among Indian adolescents and are increasing at an alarming rate, and obesity is linked to cardiovascular (CV) risk in this age group. Identifying the heart rate variability (HRV) is an established non-invasive test to identify the CV risk. The objective of this study is to record the HRV data for each somatotype category and to compare the HRV data among these somatotype categories in adolescents. Methods The volunteer adolescents in the age group of 12-17 years were classified into a different somatotyping categories based on the Heath Carter somatotyping method. The short-term HRV was recorded in all the subjects using wireless BioHarness 3.0. Results Based on the time domain and frequency domain parameters, the parasympathetic activity showed decreasing order as follows: central>ectomorphy>mesomorphy>endomorphy, whereas sympathetic activity showed increasing order as follows: central<ectomorphy<mesomorphy<endomorphy in both boys and girls. Girls have higher parasympathetic activity and lesser sympathetic activity than boys in ectomorphy and mesomorphy. In the central somatotype and endomorphy categories, genders were comparable. Conclusion Our study suggests that endomorphy and mesomorphy have poorer autonomic tone when compared to other somatotype categories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Professor and Head, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
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Kobes A, Kretschmer T, Timmerman G, Schreuder P. Interventions aimed at preventing and reducing overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: a meta-synthesis. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1065-1079. [PMID: 29671938 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of child and adolescent obesity has been a major worldwide problem for decades. To stop the number of youth with overweight/obesity from increasing, numerous interventions focusing on improving children's weight status have been implemented. The growing body of research on weight-related interventions for youth has been summarized by several meta-analyses aiming to provide an overview of the effectiveness of interventions. Yet, the number of meta-analyses is expanding so quickly and overall results differ, making a comprehensive synopsis of the literature difficult. To tackle this problem, a meta-synthesis was conducted to draw informed conclusions about the state of the effectiveness of interventions targeting child and adolescent overweight. The results of the quantitative synthesis of 26 meta-analyses resulted in a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.12 (95%CI: -0.16, -0.08). Several moderator analyses showed that participant and intervention characteristics had little impact on the overall effect size. However, a moderator analysis distinguishing between obesity treatment and obesity prevention studies showed that obesity treatment interventions (SMD: -0.048, 95%CI: -0.60, -0.36) were significantly more effective in reducing body mass index than obesity prevention interventions (SMD: -0.08, 95%CI: -0.11, -0.06). Overall, the results of this meta-synthesis suggest that interventions result in statistically significant effects albeit of relatively little clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kobes
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - T Kretschmer
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Timmerman
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Schreuder
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Ndagire CT, Muyonga JH, Isabirye D, Odur B, Somda SMA, Bukenya R, Andrade JE, Nakimbugwe D. Assessing the reliability of FTIR spectroscopy measurements and validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis as a surrogate measure of body composition among children and adolescents aged 8-19 years attending schools in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:687. [PMID: 29866098 PMCID: PMC5987600 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate measurement of body composition in children and adolescents is important as the quantities of fat and fat-free mass have implications for health risk. The objectives of the present study were: to determine the reliability of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements and; compare the Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM) and body fat percentage (%BF) values determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to those determined by deuterium dilution method (DDM) to identify correlations and agreement between the two methods. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 children and adolescents aged 8–19 years attending schools in Kampala city, Uganda. Pearson product-moment correlation at 5% significance level was considered for assessing correlations. Bland Altman analysis was used to examine the agreement between of FTIR measurements and between estimates by DDM and BIA.. Reliability of measurements was determined by Cronbach’s alpha. Results There was good agreement between the in vivo D2O saliva enrichment measurements at 3 and 4 h among the studied age groups based on Bland-Altman plots. Cronbach’s alpha revealed that measurements of D2O saliva enrichment had very good reliability. For children and young adolescents, DDM and BIA gave similar estimates of FFM, FM, and %BF. Among older adolescents, BIA significantly over-estimated FFM and significantly under-estimated FM and %BF compared to estimates by DDM. The correlation between FFM, FM and %BF estimates by DDM and BIA was high and significant among young and older adolescents and for FFM among children. Conclusions Reliability of the FTIR spectroscopy measurements was very good among the studied population. BIA is suitable for assessing body composition among children (8–9 years) and young adolescents (10–14 years) but not among older adolescents (15–19 years) in Uganda. The body composition measurements of older adolescents determined by DDM can be predicted using those provided by BIA using population-specific regression equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine T Ndagire
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - John H Muyonga
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dan Isabirye
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benard Odur
- Department of Statistical Methods and Actuarial Science, School of Statistics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Richard Bukenya
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Juan E Andrade
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Dorothy Nakimbugwe
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Díez-Fernández A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Torres-Costoso A, Cañete García-Prieto J, Franquelo-Morales P, Sánchez-López M. Strength and cardiometabolic risk in young adults: The mediator role of aerobic fitness and waist circumference. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1801-1807. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Díez-Fernández
- Health and Social Research Centre; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
- Faculty of Nursing; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
| | - V. Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Centre; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Autonomous University of Chile; Talca Chile
| | - A. Torres-Costoso
- Health and Social Research Centre; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
- School of Nursing and Physiotherapy; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
| | | | - P. Franquelo-Morales
- Department of Emergency; Virgen de la Luz Hospital. Castilla-La Mancha Health System; Cuenca Spain
| | - M. Sánchez-López
- Health and Social Research Centre; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
- Faculty of Education; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
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Stenzel AP, Carvalho R, Jesus P, Bull A, Pereira S, Saboya C, Ramalho A. Serum Antioxidant Associations with Metabolic Characteristics in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Adolescents with Severe Obesity: An Observational Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E150. [PMID: 29385682 PMCID: PMC5852726 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the inadequacy of some antioxidant nutrients in severely obese adolescents, this study aimed to assess the relationship between antioxidant micronutrients status and metabolic syndrome components in metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and unhealthy obesity (MUO). We performed an observational study in severely obese adolescents (body mass index > 99th percentile) and they were classified into MHO or MUO, according to the criteria adapted for adolescents. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical variables were analyzed to characterize the sample of adolescents. The serum antioxidant nutrients assessed were retinol, β-carotene, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, zinc and selenium. A total of 60 adolescents aged 17.31 ± 1.34 years were enrolled. MHO was identified in 23.3% of adolescents. The MHO group showed lower frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (14.3% vs. 78.3%, p < 0.001) when compared to MUO. A correlation was found between retinol and β-carotene concentrations with glycemia (r = -0.372; p = 0.011 and r = -0.314; p = 0.034, respectively) and between Vitamin E with waist circumference (r = -0.306; p = 0.038) in the MUO group. The current study shows that some antioxidant nutrients status, specifically retinol, β-carotene, and Vitamin E, are negatively associated with metabolic alterations in MUO. Further studies are necessary to determine the existing differences in the serum antioxidant profile of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Stenzel
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Carvalho
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Jesus
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Aline Bull
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Pereira
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
- Multidisciplinary Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Rio de Janeiro 22.280-020, Brazil.
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition of the Institute of Nutrition, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Saboya
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
- Multidisciplinary Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Rio de Janeiro 22.280-020, Brazil.
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04.021-001, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition of the Institute of Nutrition, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
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Conklin A, T. Tam A, Yao C, R. Guo S, Richardson C. Ethnic inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk: Strength of ethnic identity predicts obesity prevalence in late adolescence. HEART AND MIND 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_36_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Chandrasekhar T, Suchitra MM, Pallavi M, L N Srinivasa Rao PV, Sachan A. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Obese Children. Indian Pediatr 2017; 54:752-755. [PMID: 28984255 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric obesity. METHODS 50 obese children (age 5-17y) and 50 apparently healthy non-obese children (body mass index of over 95th percentile and between 5th to 95th percentiles, respectively) using Centre for Disease Control growth charts were included. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, uric acid, fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, malondialdehyde, ferric reducing ability of plasma and nitric oxide were measured. RESULTS Insulin, insulin resistance, triglycerides, uric acid, fibrinogen, malondialdehyde, ferric reducing ability of plasma and nitric oxide were significantly higher (P <0.001) in obese children. Body mass index showed significant positive correlation with insulin r=0.519, P<0.001; insulin resistance r =0.479, P<0.001; uric acid r= 0.289, P=0.005; fibrinogen r=0.461, P<0.001; and nitric oxide r=0.235, P=0.012. Conclusion Pediatric obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, which are cardiovascular risk factors and components of metabolic syndrome. These children must be targeted for lifestyle and dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chandrasekhar
- Departments of Biochemistry and *Endocrinology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Correspondence to: Dr MM Suchitra, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Bușilă C, Stuparu-Crețu M, Barna O, Balan G. Dyslipidemia in children as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1376596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Bușilă
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea De Jos” University of Galati, Galati, Romania
- “Sf Apostol Ioan” Emergency Hospital for Children, Galati, Romania
| | - Mariana Stuparu-Crețu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea De Jos” University of Galati, Galati, Romania
- “Buna Vestire” Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galati, Romania
| | - Octavian Barna
- Departament of Food Science, Food Engineering and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science, “Dunarea De Jos” University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Gabriela Balan
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea De Jos” University of Galati, Galati, Romania
- “Sf Andrei” Emergency Hospital, Galati, Romania
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Fang J, Tang M. Exercise improves high fat diet-impaired vascular function. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:337-342. [PMID: 29085629 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease is increasing due to increases in the consumption of high fat diets (HFDs) and the epidemic of obesity. In the present study, it was hypothesized that swimming exercise may prevent HFD-induced impairment of aortic function and that these changes are associated with reduction of oxidative stress, proinflammatory adipokines/cytokines. Male, 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a 60% lipid composition HFD with or without swimming exercise (90 min/swim and 2 swims/day) for 16 weeks. Exercise training prevented HFD-induced increases in visceral fat weight, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Furthermore, exercise training improved HFD-impaired aortic endothelium-dependent dilation that was associated with reduction of oxidative stress, leptin, resistin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin (IL)6 and IL8. In addition, exercise inhibited HFD-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle. These data demonstrate that swimming exercise prevents aortic tissue oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular dysfunction in HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xianning Central Hospital and The First Clinical Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Mei Tang
- Infusion Preparation Center of the Pharmacy Department, Xianning Central Hospital and The First Clinical Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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Differential prevalence and associations of overweight and obesity by gender and population group among school learners in South Africa: a cross-sectional study. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:29. [PMID: 28725448 PMCID: PMC5514529 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors influencing the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa remain unclear. We assessed the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity and effects on cardio-metabolic profile in school learners in the Western Cape, South Africa. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 7 to 18-year-old South African school learners attending 14 schools, randomly selected from 107 government schools in the areas. The learners were selected through stratified random sampling techniques. Logistic regressions were used to assess the determinants of overweight/obesity and its association with cardio-metabolic profile. RESULTS Among the 1559 participants, the overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 22.9%. Being a girl (Odds ratio 2.51, 95% CI: 1.92-3.29), or Black African (1.35, 1.04-.75) was associated with increased odds of being overweight/obese. The identified health consequences among the overweight/obese learners differed between the ethnic groups. Overweight/obese coloured (mixed ancestry) learners were more likely to have hypertension (3.27, 1.18-9.08), hypertriglyceridemia (1.94, 0.99-3.78) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (3.65, 2.33-5.72), overweight/obese Black African learners had higher odds for hypertension (3.62, 1.31-10.04) and low HDL-C (1.56, 1.01-2.40) and overweight/obese White learners were prone to low HDL-C (5.04, 1.35-18.80). CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obesity is highly prevalent among school learners in Western Cape (South Africa), with being female or Black African increasing the odds. That overweight/obesity is also associated with adverse cardio-metabolic risk profile aggravates the problem and suggests worse cardiovascular outcomes in South African young adults in the future.
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Tsiroukidou K, Papagianni M, Hatziagorou E, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Giannopoulos A, Tsanakas I. Exercise testing and adipokine levels for the evaluation of overweight and obesity in children. Hippokratia 2017; 21:124-129. [PMID: 30479473 PMCID: PMC6248005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity poses a global health threat. We investigated the association of the cardiopulmonary exercise testing indexes with adipokines levels and insulin resistance along with the beneficial effect of physical exercise on insulin resistance in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two obese, 21 overweight, and 30 normal-weight children participated in the current study, with mean age 11.98 (±1.95), 10.91 (±1.72), and 11.35 (±2.21) years, respectively. All children were clinically healthy. The children and their parents provided data on physical activity, while spirometry and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing were performed for the functional evaluation of the respiratory status of the study population. RESULTS Leptin levels were significantly lower in normal-weight children compared to the obese ones (p <0.001). Maximum quantity of oxygen (VO2max) differences were statistically significant between the three groups (p =0.025 for normal weight vs overweight, and p =0.001 for normal vs obese children). Leptin levels were inversely related to VO2max in obese children (p =0.009, r =-0.491). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was statistically significantly lower among children that were more physically active (p =0.042). Leptin was significantly related to body mass index among obese children (r =-0.582, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Leptin is significantly inversely related to VO2max in obese children. This study, however, allows further assumptions for adipokines and childhood obesity, along with the possible role of leptin as an additional obesity index in relation with cardiopulmonary function. HIPPOKRATIA 2017, 21(3): 124-129.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsiroukidou
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Papagianni
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Hatziagorou
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Galli-Tsinopoulou
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Giannopoulos
- 2Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Tsanakas
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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50
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Nigro E, Scudiero O, Ludovica Monaco M, Polito R, Schettino P, Grandone A, Perrone L, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Daniele A. Adiponectin profile and Irisin expression in Italian obese children: Association with insulin-resistance. Cytokine 2017; 94:8-13. [PMID: 28385328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30), its high molecular weight (HMW) oligomers, and Irisin are molecules involved in several metabolic processes. To investigate if these cytokines could represent new metabolic markers, we evaluated the expression of Acrp30 and Irisin in serum of obese children from South Italy affected by different degrees of insulin resistance (IR). The anthropometric and metabolic features were evaluated in 27 obese children versus 13 age-matched controls. The expression of Acrp30, its pattern and Irisin were investigated by ELISA, western blotting and fast protein liquid chromatography. The HOMA index was significantly higher in obese children versus controls, and metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in obese children with elevated IR versus those with normal HOMA (38% vs 16%). Total Acrp30 and HMW oligomers were significantly lower in obese than in control children, and the difference was more pronounced in children with HOMA >3.4. In control and obese children, total Acrp30 and HMW oligomers were inversely related to HOMA (r-0.38, p 0.02; r-0.35, p 0.03). Irisin was significantly higher in obese than in control children, and was inversely correlated with Acrp30 and HMW (r-0.32, p 0.04; r-0.39, p 0.01). The inverse correlation of Acpr30 and HMW oligomers with HOMA indicates that Acpr30 is directly involved in IR status. Moreover, the inverse correlation between Irisin and Acrp30 and, more significantly, between Irisin and HMW oligomers suggests that the two cytokines are closely connected. The use of Acrp30, HMW oligomers and Irisin as predictive factors of IR in obese children remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via A. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rita Polito
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via A. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Schettino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Dipartimento della Donna del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- Dipartimento della Donna del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Dipartimento della Donna del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via A. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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