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Grant WB. Cancer Incidence Rates in the US in 2016-2020 with Respect to Solar UVB Doses, Diabetes and Obesity Prevalence, Lung Cancer Incidence Rates, and Alcohol Consumption: An Ecological Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1450. [PMID: 38794688 PMCID: PMC11123752 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reports the results of an ecological study of cancer incidence rates by state in the US for the period 2016-2020. The goals of this study were to determine the extent to which solar UVB doses reduced cancer risk compared to findings reported in 2006 for cancer mortality rates for the periods 1950-1969 and 1970-1794 as well as cancer incidence rates for the period 1998-2002 and to determine which factors were recently associated with cancer risk. The cancer data for non-Hispanic white (European American) men and women were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Indices were obtained for solar UVB at the surface for July 1992, and alcohol consumption, diabetes, and obesity prevalence near the 2016-2020 period. Lung cancer incidence rates were also used in the analyses as a surrogate for smoking, diet, and air pollution. The cancers for which solar UVB is significantly associated with reduced incidence are bladder, brain (males), breast, corpus uteri, esophageal, gastric, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, pancreatic, and renal cancer. Lung cancer was significantly associated with colorectal, laryngeal, and renal cancer. Diabetes was also significantly associated with breast, liver, and lung cancer. Obesity prevalence was significantly associated with breast, colorectal, and renal cancer. Alcohol consumption was associated with bladder and esophageal cancer. Thus, diet has become a very important driver of cancer incidence rates. The role of solar UVB in reducing the risk of cancer has been reduced due to people spending less time outdoors, wearing sunscreen that blocks UVB but not UVA radiation, and population increases in terms of overweight and obese individuals, which are associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the generation of systemic inflammation, which is a risk factor for cancer. A dietary approach that would reduce the risk of diabetes, obesity, lung cancer, and, therefore, cancer, would be one based mostly on whole plants and restrictions on red and processed meats and ultraprocessed foods. Solar UVB exposure for a few minutes before applying sunscreen and taking vitamin D supplements would also help reduce the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, 1745 Pacific Ave., Suite 504, San Francisco, CA 94109, USA
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Wang W, Wang Y, Qi X, He L. Spatial pattern and environmental drivers of breast cancer incidence in Chinese women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28206-4. [PMID: 37326721 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) had the highest incidence of all cancers in Chinese women. However, studies on spatial pattern and environmental drivers of BC were still lacked as they were either limited in a small area or few considered the comprehensive impact of multiple risk factors. In this study, we firstly performed spatial visualization and the spatial autocorrelation analysis based on Chinese women breast cancer incidence (BCI) data of 2012-2016. Then, we explored the environmental drivers related to BC by applying univariate correlation analysis and geographical detector model. We found that the BC high-high clusters were mainly distributed in the eastern and central regions, such as Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and Anhui Provinces. The BCI in Shenzhen was significantly higher than other prefectures. Urbanization rate (UR), per capita GDP (PGDP), average years of school attainment (AYSA), and average annual wind speed (WIND) had higher explanatory power on spatial variability of the BCI. PM10, NO2, and PGDP had significant nonlinear enhanced effect on other factors. Besides, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was negatively associated with BCI. Therefore, high socioeconomic status, serious air pollution, high wind speed, and low vegetation cover were the risk factors for BC. Our study may able to provide evidence for BC etiology research and precise identification of areas requiring focused screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Li He
- Department of Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
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Grant WB, Al Anouti F, Boucher BJ, Fakhoury HMA, Moukayed M, Pilz S, Al-Daghri NM. Evidence That Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations to 30 ng/mL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Could Greatly Improve Health Outcomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040994. [PMID: 37189612 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the potential protective effects of vitamin D against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, autoimmune diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease and stroke), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and infectious diseases such as acute respiratory tract diseases, COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. The respective evidence is based on ecological and observational studies, randomized controlled trials, mechanistic studies, and Mendelian randomization studies. However, randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation have largely failed to show benefits, probably due to poor design and analysis. In this work, we aim to use the best available evidence on the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D to estimate the expected reduction in incidence and mortality rates of vitamin D-related diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates if minimum serum 25(OH)D concentrations were to be raised to 30 ng/mL. Estimated reductions by 25% for myocardial infarction incidence, 35% for stroke incidence, 20 to 35% for cardiovascular disease mortality, and 35% for cancer mortality rates depicted a promising potential for raising serum 25(OH)D. Methods to increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations at the population level could include food fortification with vitamin D3, vitamin D supplementation, improved dietary vitamin D intake, and sensible sun exposure.
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Hutchinson PE, Pringle JH. Consideration of possible effects of vitamin D on established cancer, with reference to malignant melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:408-424. [PMID: 35445563 PMCID: PMC9322395 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that Vitamin D has a beneficial, inhibitory effect on cancer development and subsequent progression, including melanoma (MM), and favourable MM outcome has been reported as directly related to vitamin D3 status, assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3 ) levels taken at diagnosis. It has been recommended that MM patients with deficient levels of 25(OH)D3 be given vitamin D3 . We examine possible beneficial or detrimental effects of treating established cancer with vitamin D3 . We consider the likely biological determinants of cancer outcome, the reported effects of vitamin D3 on these in both cancerous and non-cancerous settings, and how the effect of vitamin D3 might change depending on the integrity of tumour vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling. We would argue that the effect of defective tumour VDR signalling could result in loss of suppression of growth, reduction of anti-tumour immunity, with potential antagonism of the elimination phase and enhancement of the escape phase of tumour immunoediting, possibly increased angiogenesis but continued suppression of inflammation. In animal models, having defective VDR signalling, vitamin D3 administration decreased survival and increased metastases. Comparable studies in man are lacking but in advanced disease, a likely marker of defective VDR signalling, studies have shown modest or no improvement in outcome with some evidence of worsening. Work is needed in assessing the integrity of tumour VDR signalling and the safety of vitamin D3 supplementation when defective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H. Pringle
- Leicester Cancer Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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Muñoz A, Grant WB. Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:1448. [PMID: 35406059 PMCID: PMC9003337 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a narrative review of the evidence supporting vitamin D's anticancer actions. The first section reviews the findings from ecological studies of cancer with respect to indices of solar radiation, which found a reduced risk of incidence and mortality for approximately 23 types of cancer. Meta-analyses of observational studies reported the inverse correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with the incidence of 12 types of cancer. Case-control studies with a 25(OH)D concentration measured near the time of cancer diagnosis are stronger than nested case-control and cohort studies as long follow-up times reduce the correlations due to changes in 25(OH)D with time. There is no evidence that undiagnosed cancer reduces 25(OH)D concentrations unless the cancer is at a very advanced stage. Meta-analyses of cancer incidence with respect to dietary intake have had limited success due to the low amount of vitamin D in most diets. An analysis of 25(OH)D-cancer incidence rates suggests that achieving 80 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL would reduce cancer incidence rates by 70 ± 10%. Clinical trials have provided limited support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis due to poor design and execution. In recent decades, many experimental studies in cultured cells and animal models have described a wide range of anticancer effects of vitamin D compounds. This paper will review studies showing the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and invasion together with the sensitization to proapoptotic agents. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and other vitamin D receptor agonists modulate the biology of several types of stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells in a way that interferes the apparition of metastases. In sum, the available mechanistic data support the global protective action of vitamin D against several important types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERONC and IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
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Abstract
The relationship between solar ultraviolet radiation and the risk of breast cancer is conflicting. The purpose of our study was to quantitatively assess the relationship between solar ultraviolet radiation and breast cancer risk and to analyze related factors such as age and sunscreen use.Articles indexed in PubMed and Embase and published between January 2005 and March 2020 were searched for relevant keywords. The relative risk was calculated using random-effect or fixed-effect models in the meta-analysis and dose-response meta-analysis, which were conducted according to the Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines. Sensitivity analyses for heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated.Six studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, and three of these were included in the dose-response analysis. We found a correlation between exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and breast cancer risk (relative risk: 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.65, 0.75). We also found a linear dose-response relationship between the exposure and breast cancer risk (relative risk: 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.81, 0.91) in women over 40. Not tanning and covering the limbs were associated with breast cancer risk, but sunscreen use was not.Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is negatively correlated with breast cancer risk, and the association is linear in women over 40. This is the first dose-response meta-analysis on the topic, and the influence of factors such as estrogen receptor status, occupational exposure, and ethnicity requires in-depth study.
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Grant WB. Vitamin D Status May Help Explain Racial Disparities in Pancreatic Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:1896. [PMID: 31926339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, California
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Hiller TWR, O’Sullivan DE, Brenner DR, Peters CE, King WD. Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:16002. [PMID: 31903801 PMCID: PMC7015554 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A protective relationship has been hypothesized between exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the development of breast cancer. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies examining the association of exposure to solar UVR and breast cancer risk. METHODS We searched Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science for all studies investigating exposure to solar UVR and breast cancer risk. Separate analyses were performed using estimates of time spent in the sun, and ambient UVR. Associations were estimated using DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models. Heterogeneity was investigated through subgroup analyses and I2 statistics. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in the review and 13 in the meta-analysis, with the majority (n=8) conducted in North America. We observed a decreased risk of breast cancer for individuals spending ≥1h/d in the sun during summer months over a lifetime or usual adulthood compared with <1h/d [pooled relative risk (RR)=0.84; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.91]. Spending ≥2h/d in the sun had a similar protective effect as 1 to <2h/d when compared with <1h/d (RR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.93 vs. 0.83; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.89). Exposure during adolescence was suggestive of a lower risk of breast cancer than exposure later in life (≥45 years of age) (RR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.98 vs. 0.97; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.11). Ambient UVR was not associated with the risk of breast cancer (RR=1.00; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.09). DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this was the first meta-analysis to estimate the risk of developing breast cancer associated with time spent in the sun. The results suggest that obtaining greater than an hour a day in the sun during the summer months could decrease the risk of developing breast cancer. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy W. R. Hiller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan E. O’Sullivan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren R. Brenner
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cheryl E. Peters
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Will D. King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Melanoma signature in Brazil: epidemiology, incidence, mortality, and trend lessons from a continental mixed population country in the past 15 years. Melanoma Res 2019; 28:629-636. [PMID: 30204684 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The current research aimed to understand melanoma epidemiology in Brazil and to evaluate temporal trends in incidence and mortality. The data came from Brazilian Hospital Cancer Registries, Population Based Cancer Registries, and the National Mortality Information System from 2000 to 2014. Descriptive statistics were used for epidemiological and clinical characteristics. To describe trends in change in incidence and mortality rates, the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) was calculated. Between 2000 and 2013, in men, the median incidence rate rose from 2.52 to 4.84, with an AAPC of +21.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.4-28] and in women from 1.93 to 3.22 per 100 000, with an AAPC of +13.9% (95% CI: 8.1-20). Regarding mortality, between 2000 and 2014, the rates went from 0.85 to 0.9 per 100 000 for men (AAPC=+0.8, 95% CI: 0.4-1.1) and from 0.56 for 0.53 per 100 000 for women (AAPC=-0.1, 95% CI: -0.2 to 0). From the database, a total of 28 624 patients with melanoma were included. Most of the patients were females (51.9%), White (75%) and with stage I or II (53.2%). Sex, ethnicity, education level, geographical area of the cancer center, topography, histology, time between diagnosis and treatment, and early death were significantly associated with distant metastases. Brazil is a large country with a very young population and a low rate of melanoma incidence and prevalence that should increase over the years. Understanding the trends attributed to melanoma is important for behavioral counseling interventions that focus on promoting skin cancer prevention.
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Najafi E, Khanjani N, Ghotbi MR, Masinaei Nejad ME. The association of gastrointestinal cancers (esophagus, stomach, and colon) with solar ultraviolet radiation in Iran-an ecological study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:152. [PMID: 30739209 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iran has variations in the incidence of cancer in its different provinces. Moreover, it is one of the countries with a high incidence of gastrointestinal cancers in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the incidence of esophageal, stomach, and colon cancers with ultraviolet radiation. This is an ecological study. The age-standardized incidence of cancer from 2004 to 2008 was obtained from the National Cancer Registry of Iran for all provinces. UV index data was taken from the world weather site. The altitude and latitude of cities were obtained from the National Topography Organization. Demographic variables were taken from the STEPS report of the Ministry of Health. In this study, lung cancer were used as the index of the effects of smoking. Data were analyzed using the SPSS22 software and through linear regression. UV emission levels showed a strong negative correlation with the incidence of esophageal and gastric cancers, in both genders, in all years. However, this correlation was stronger in men. UV radiation showed a significant correlation with colon cancer among both genders as well. There was no relation between altitude and incidence of cancer. Linear regression results showed that with a unit increase in UV, the incidence of gastric and esophagus cancers in males decreases by β = -4.99 and β = - 3.16 significant coefficients, respectively. Cities with higher levels of UV index have a relatively lower incidence of gastrointestinal cancers. Ultraviolet radiation may act as a protective factor against these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Najafi
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghotbi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
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Vallès X, Alonso MH, López-Caleya JF, Díez-Obrero V, Dierssen-Sotos T, Lope V, Molina-Barceló A, Chirlaque MD, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Fernández Tardón G, Castilla J, Amiano P, Capelo R, Castaño-Vinyals G, Guinó E, Molina de la Torre AJ, Moreno-Iribas C, Pérez Gómez B, Aragonés N, Llorca J, Martín V, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Moreno V. Colorectal cancer, sun exposure and dietary vitamin D and calcium intake in the MCC-Spain study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:428-434. [PMID: 30266013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association of colorectal cancer with environmental solar radiation and sun exposure behavior, considering phenotypic variables (eye color, hair color and skin phenotype), dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, and socio-demographic factors. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter population-based frequency matched case-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain), with 2140 CRC cases and 3950 controls. METHODS Data were obtained through personal interviews using a structured epidemiological questionnaire that included socio-demographic data, residential history, environmental exposures, behavior, phenotypic and dietary information. An environmental-lifetime sun exposure score was constructed combining residential history and average daily solar radiation, direct and diffuse. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between different variables. A structural equation model was used to verify the associations of the conceptual model. RESULTS We found a lower risk of CRC in subjects frequently exposed to sunlight during the previous summer and skin burning due to sun exposure. No association was observed in relation to the residential solar radiation scores. Subjects with light eye or light hair colors had a lower risk of CRC that those with darker colors. Dietary calcium and vitamin D were also protective factors, but not in the multivariate model. The structural equation model analysis suggested that higher sun exposure was associated with a decreased risk of CRC, as well as dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, and these factors are correlated among themselves and with environmental solar radiation and skin phenotypes. CONCLUSION The results agree with previous observations that sun exposure, dietary vitamin D and calcium intake, and serum 25(OH)D concentration reduce the risk of CRC and indicate that these factors may be relevant for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Vallès
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Henar Alonso
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco López-Caleya
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Virginia Díez-Obrero
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Virginia Lope
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Oncology Institute IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rocío Capelo
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud, y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Guinó
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Conchi Moreno-Iribas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez Gómez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Altieri B, Grant WB, Della Casa S, Orio F, Pontecorvi A, Colao A, Sarno G, Muscogiuri G. Vitamin D and pancreas: The role of sunshine vitamin in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3472-3488. [PMID: 27030935 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1136922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D exerts multiple effects beyond bone and calcium metabolism. Vitamin D seems to play a role in pancreatic disease, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as pancreatic cancer. Vitamin D's immune-modulatory action suggests that it could help prevent type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, vitamin D may influence β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and systematic inflammation-all characteristic pathways of that disease. Data from observational studies correlated vitamin D deficiency with risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Prospective and ecological studies of pancreatic cancer incidence generally support a beneficial effect of higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration as well as inverse correlations between UVB dose or exposure and incidence and/or mortality rate of pancreatic cancer. This review discusses the literature regarding vitamin D's role in risk of diabetes and pancreatic cancer. The results to date generally satisfy Hill's criteria for causality regarding vitamin D and incidence of these pancreatic diseases. However, large randomized, blinded, prospective studies are required to more fully evaluate the potential therapeutic role of vitamin D in preventing pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Altieri
- a Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - William B Grant
- b Sunlight , Nutrition, and Health Research Center , San Francisco , California , USA
| | - Silvia Della Casa
- a Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Orio
- c Endocrinology, Department of Sports Science and Wellness , Parthenope University , Naples , Italy.,d Fertility Techniques SSD , San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital , Salerno , Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- a Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- e Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology , University "Federico II," Naples , Italy
| | - Gerardo Sarno
- f Department of General Surgery and Transplantation Unit , San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana , Salerno , Italy
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13
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Al-Abboodi AS, Rasedee A, Abdul AB, Taufiq-Yap YH, Alkaby WAA, Ghaji MS, Waziri PM, Al-Qubaisi MS. Anticancer effect of dentatin and dentatin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex on human colon cancer (HT-29) cell line. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:3309-3319. [PMID: 29200826 PMCID: PMC5703156 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s147626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dentatin (DEN) (5-methoxy-2, 2-dimethyl-10-(1, 1-dimethyl-2propenyl) dipyran-2-one), a natural compound present in the roots of Clausena excavata Burm f, possesses pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative effects in various cancer cells. Because of its hydrophobicity, it is believed that its complexation with hydroxy-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) will make it a potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth. In the current work, the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by DEN and DEN-HPβCD complex were demonstrated in human colon HT-29 cancer cells. Materials and methods After the human colon HT-29 cancer cells were treated with DEN and DEN-HPβCD complex, their effects on the expression of apoptotic-regulated gene markers in mitochondria-mediated apoptotic and death receptor pathways were detected by Western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These markers included caspases-9, 3, and 8, cytochrome c, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, p21, cyclin A as well as the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Results At 3, 6, 12, and 24 µg/mL exposure, DEN and DEN-HPβCD complex significantly affected apoptosis in HT-29 cells through the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and cyclin A in turn, and up-regulation of Bax, p53, p21, cytochrome c at both protein and mRNA levels. DEN and DEN-HPβCD complex also decreased cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and induced caspases-3, -8, and -9. Conclusion Results of this study indicate that the apoptotic pathway caused by DEN and DEN-HPβCD complex are mediated by the regulation of caspases and Bcl-2 families in human colon HT-29 cancer cells. The results also suggest that DEN-HPβCD complex may have chemotherapeutic benefits for colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq Shakir Al-Abboodi
- MAKNA-UPM, Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Basic Science Branch, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Bustamam Abdul
- MAKNA-UPM, Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wafaa Abd Alwahed Alkaby
- Department of Biomedical, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of AL-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mostafa Saddam Ghaji
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Peter M Waziri
- MAKNA-UPM, Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Mothanna Sadiq Al-Qubaisi
- MAKNA-UPM, Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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14
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Zhang X, Huang XZ, Chen WJ, Wu J, Chen Y, Wu CC, Wang ZN. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D intake, and pancreatic cancer risk or mortality: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64395-64406. [PMID: 28969079 PMCID: PMC5610011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between vitamin D status, including plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and vitamin D intake, and pancreatic cancer risk and mortality are inconsistent. The aims of this study are to evaluate the antitumor and therapeutic effects of vitamin D status for pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS A literature search for relevant studies was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases. Risk ratio (RR), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the effect measures. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata software 12.0. RESULTS Our results indicated that high plasma 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with pancreatic cancer mortality without significant heterogeneity (HR=0.81, 95% CI=0.68-0.96). However, high plasma 25(OH)D levels could not reduce pancreatic cancer risk (RR=1.02, 95% CI=0.66-1.57). Moreover, vitamin D intake was also not associated with pancreatic cancer risk (RR=1.11, 95% CI=0.67-1.86). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that high plasma 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with improved survival in pancreatic cancer patients. However, there were no significant associations between vitamin D intake or plasma 25(OH)D levels and pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Zhang Huang
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Chen
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - You Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Wenzhou Dental Hospital, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Cong Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
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15
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Stage is a prognostic factor for surgically treated patients with early-stage lip cancer for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status has been implemented. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2017; 131:889-894. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215117001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives:To determine the locoregional control and survival rates (in terms of risk factors) of patients who underwent surgical resection of early-stage lip cancer and for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status had been implemented.Methods:The sociodemographic data, tumour stage, tumour characteristics and histopathological features of 41 patients with early-stage lip cancer were evaluated. Factors predictive of survival and locoregional recurrence were analysed. The five-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were determined, and the prognostic risk factors were compared.Results:The mean follow-up period was 60.5 months (range, 4–92 months). Age, sex, tumour stage, tumour thickness and volume, and perineural involvement were not predictive of locoregional recurrence or survival. Pathological tumour stage (T1vsT2) was a prognostic factor for both five-year overall survival (87.3vs65.6 per cent,p= 0.042) and disease-free survival (88.6vs65.6 per cent,p= 0.037).Conclusion:Tumour stage was clearly a major factor affecting the prognosis of surgically treated patients with early-stage lip cancer for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status had been implemented.
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16
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Dooley J, Lagou V, Heirman N, Dresselaers T, Himmelreich U, Liston A. Murine Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma Growth Kinetics Are Independent of Dietary Vitamin D Deficiency or Supplementation. Front Oncol 2017; 7:133. [PMID: 28702373 PMCID: PMC5488083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer, yet evidence for an effect of dietary vitamin D on pancreatic cancer is ambiguous, with conflicting data from human epidemiological and intervention studies. Here, we tested the role of dietary vitamin D in the in vivo context of the well-characterized Ela1-TAg transgenic mouse model of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Through longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging of mice under conditions of either dietary vitamin D deficiency (<5 IU/kg vitamin D) or excess (76,500 IU/kg vitamin D), compared to control diet (1,500 IU/kg vitamin D), we measured the effect of variation of dietary vitamin D on tumor kinetics. No measurable impact of dietary vitamin D was found on pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma development, growth or mortality, casting further doubt on the already equivocal data supporting potential therapeutic use in humans. The lack of any detectable effect of vitamin D, within the physiological range of dietary deficiency or supplementation, in this model further erodes confidence in vitamin D as an effective antitumor therapeutic in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dooley
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Heirman
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Lu D, Xu F, Hu K, Yin L, Duan H, Zhang J, Zhang S. Occupational ultraviolet exposure and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62358-62370. [PMID: 28977951 PMCID: PMC5617511 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of lympho-proliferative disorders. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence from case-control studies and cohort study on the inconsistent association between occupational sun exposure and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We searched PubMed, ISI web of science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and reference lists for relevant articles. Study specific odds ratios or relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were pooled by using fixed-effects or random-effects models. Ten case-control studies and one cohort study were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled odds ratios for occupational ultraviolet exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk was 1.15(95% confidence intervals: 0.99, 1.32; I2 = 44.4%). Occupational sun exposure was positively associated with the risk of NHL 1.14 (95% confidence intervals: 1.05, 1.23; I2=25.4% p for heterogeneity =0.202) in Caucasian population. Common subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and ultraviolet exposure had the negative results. The pooled odds ratios was 1.16, (95%confidence intervals: 0.90, 1.50) for T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 0.79, (95%confidence intervals: 0.61, 1.02) for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 1.13, (95%confidence intervals: 0.96, 1.34) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia; 1.25, (95%confidence intervals: 0.95, 1.64) for males; 1.49, (95%confidence intervals: 0.99, 2.25) for females. Data suggested that occupational ultraviolet exposure was a risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Caucasian population. While, there had no relationship between occupational ultraviolet exposure and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in general population as well as non-Hodgkin lymphoma common subtypes. Besides, gender specific occupational sun exposure also indicated no association on risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Lu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiming Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huijie Duan
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - SuZhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Comment on 'The burden of occupationally-related cutaneous malignant melanoma in Britain due to solar radiation'. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:e12. [PMID: 28301872 PMCID: PMC5396117 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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19
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McGuire CS, Lanier JB. Problems Related to Physical Agents. Fam Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Grant WB. Vitamin D status may explain racial disparities in survival among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in the targeted therapy era. Cancer 2016; 122:3892-3893. [PMID: 27627191 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, California
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21
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Fleischer AB, Fleischer SE. Solar radiation and the incidence and mortality of leading invasive cancers in the United States. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2016; 8:e1162366. [PMID: 27195056 PMCID: PMC4862378 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2016.1162366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive cancer risk is inversely related to ultraviolet light exposure. This study explores relationships between cancer and the satellite-derived sunlight energy. We obtained the North America Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) daily average sunlight for the continental United States from 1999-2011. US Cancer Statistics age-adjusted-incidence and mortality was also obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We found that cancer incidence for all invasive cancers and for 11 of 22 leading cancers significantly decreased with increased solar radiation. Cancer mortality for all invasive cancers was not significantly associated with solar radiation, but for 7 of 22 leading cancers, including cancers of the uterus, leukemias, lung, ovary, and urinary bladder, increased solar radiation predicted decreased mortality. With increasing solar radiation, increased incidence and cancer mortality was observed for liver cancer and increased incidence but not mortality was observed for cervical cancer. The current study confirms studies relating UV radiation to the incidence and mortality of a variety of cancer types. We find associations between solar radiation energy and the incidence and mortality of a number of types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Fleischer
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington, KY, USA
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22
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Gröber U, Holzhauer P, Kisters K, Holick MF, Adamietz IA. Micronutrients in Oncological Intervention. Nutrients 2016; 8:163. [PMID: 26985904 PMCID: PMC4808891 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements are widely used among patients with cancer who perceive them to be anticancer and antitoxicity agents. Depending on the type of malignancy and the gender 30%-90% of the cancer patients supplement their diets with antioxidant and immuno-stabilizing micronutrients, such as selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin D, often without the knowledge of the treating physician. From the oncological viewpoint, there are justifiable concerns that dietary supplements decrease the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies, however, have provided increasing evidence that treatment is tolerated better-with an increase in patient compliance and a lower rate of treatment discontinuations-when micronutrients, such as selenium, are added as appropriate to the patient's medication. Nutritional supplementation tailored to an individual's background diet, genetics, tumor histology, and treatments may yield benefits in subsets of patients. Clinicians should have an open dialogue with patients about nutritional supplements. Supplement advice needs to be individualized and come from a credible source, and it is best communicated by the physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Gröber
- Akademie für Mikronährstoffmedizin, Essen, Zweigertstrasse 55, 45130 Essen, Germany.
| | - Peter Holzhauer
- Akademie für Mikronährstoffmedizin, Essen, Zweigertstrasse 55, 45130 Essen, Germany.
- Interdisziplinäres onkologisches Zentrum (IOZ), München, Nußbaumstrasse 12, München 80336, Germany.
- Klinik Bad Trissl, Innere Medizin II-Onkologie und Komplementärmedizin, Oberaudorf 83080, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kisters
- Akademie für Mikronährstoffmedizin, Essen, Zweigertstrasse 55, 45130 Essen, Germany.
- St. Anna Hospital, Medizinische Klinik I, Herne, Hospitalstrasse 19, Herne 44649, Germany.
| | - Michael F Holick
- Boston University Medical Center, 85 East Newton Street M-1033, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Irenäus A Adamietz
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radio-Onkologie, Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB), Hölkeskampring 40, Herne 44625, Germany.
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23
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Munetsuna E, Kittaka A, Chen TC, Sakaki T. Metabolism and Action of 25-Hydroxy-19-nor-Vitamin D3 in Human Prostate Cells. VITAMIN D HORMONE 2016; 100:357-77. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Grant WB, Whiting SJ, Schwalfenberg GK, Genuis SJ, Kimball SM. Estimated economic benefit of increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of Canadians to or above 100 nmol/L. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2016; 8:e1248324. [PMID: 27942348 PMCID: PMC5129897 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2016.1248324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence from observational and clinical trials indicates that optimal vitamin D reduces the risk of many diseases. We used observational studies and recent data on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations of Canadians from Cycle 3 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey to estimate the reduction in disease incidence, mortality rates, and the total economic burden (direct plus indirect) of disease if 25(OH)D concentrations of all Canadians were raised to or above 100 nmol/L. Recently, the mean 25(OH)D concentration of Canadians varied depending on age and season (51-69 nmol/L), with an overall mean of 61 nmol/L. The diseases affected by 25(OH)D concentration included cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementia, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, respiratory infections, and musculoskeletal disorders. We used 25(OH)D concentration-health outcome relations for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease and results of clinical trials with vitamin D for respiratory infections and musculoskeletal disorders to estimate the reductions in disease burden for increased 25(OH)D concentrations. If all Canadians attained 25(OH)D concentrations>100 nmol/L, the calculated reduction in annual economic burden of disease was $12.5 ± 6 billion on the basis of economic burdens for 2016 and a reduction in annual premature deaths by 23,000 (11,000-34,000) on the basis of rates for 2011. However, the effects on disease incidence, economic burden, and mortality rate would be phased in gradually over several years primarily because once a chronic disease is established, vitamin D affects its progression only modestly. Nevertheless, national policy changes are justified to improve vitamin D status of Canadians through promotion of safe sun exposure messages, vitamin D supplement use, and/or facilitation of food fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan J. Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Stephen J. Genuis
- Faculty of Medicine at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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25
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Grant WB. The role of geographical ecological studies in identifying diseases linked to UVB exposure and/or vitamin D. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2016; 8:e1137400. [PMID: 27195055 PMCID: PMC4862381 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2015.1137400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a variety of approaches, researchers have studied the health effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and vitamin D. This review compares the contributions from geographical ecological studies with those of observational studies and clinical trials. Health outcomes discussed were based on the author's knowledge and include anaphylaxis/food allergy, atopic dermatitis and eczema, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, back pain, cancer, dental caries, diabetes mellitus type 1, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, mononucleosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis. Important interactions have taken place between study types; sometimes ecological studies were the first to report an inverse correlation between solar UVB doses and health outcomes such as for cancer, leading to both observational studies and clinical trials. In other cases, ecological studies added to the knowledge base. Many ecological studies include other important risk-modifying factors, thereby minimizing the chance of reporting the wrong link. Laboratory studies of mechanisms generally support the role of vitamin D in the outcomes discussed. Indications exist that for some outcomes, UVB effects may be independent of vitamin D. This paper discusses the concept of the ecological fallacy, noting that it applies to all epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Oh MG, Han MA, Park J, Ryu SY, Choi SW. The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Cancer Survivors in a Nationwide Survey of the Korean Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129901. [PMID: 26047013 PMCID: PMC4457839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that inadequate vitamin D levels are associated with a poor cancer prognosis, but data regarding actual vitamin D levels in cancer survivors are limited. This study investigated the vitamin D levels and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Korean cancer survivors compared with non-cancer controls, and identified the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Methods Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 915 cancer survivors and 29,694 controls without a history of cancer were selected. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured; vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D levels less than 20 ng/mL. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated factors. Results Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 62.7% of cancer survivors and 67.1% of controls. Among cancer survivors, vitamin D deficiency was most prevalent among 19–44 year olds (76.2%) and among managers, professionals, and related workers (79.3%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that younger cancer survivors and those who work indoors were predisposed to vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among both cancer survivors and controls in Korea. The regular evaluation and management of vitamin D levels is needed for both bone health and general health in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myueng Guen Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeongup Asan Hospital, Jeongup, Korea
| | - Mi Ah Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Jong Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - So Yeon Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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27
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Jiang A, Rambhatla P, Eide M. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and melanoma: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:885-915. [PMID: 25354495 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Jiang
- Stritch School of Medicine; Loyola University Chicago; Maywood IL U.S.A
| | - P.V. Rambhatla
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
| | - M.J. Eide
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
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Han Y, Zhao H, Jiang Q, Gao H, Wang C. Chemopreventive mechanism of polypeptides from Chlamy Farreri (PCF) against UVB-induced malignant transformation of HaCaT cells. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:287-96. [PMID: 25392149 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate polypeptide from Chlamy Farreri (PCF)'s protective effect against skin cancer, we used a cellular model of ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced malignant transformation. The human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was repeatly exposed to UVB (10 mJ/cm(2), 20 times) and malignant transformation was confirmed by Gimesa staining, cell cycle analysis and various assays [anchorage independent growth, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) activity, plating efficiency]. The malignant transformation was found to be effectively prevented by PCF pretreatment (2.84mM for 2h prior to each UVB exposure). We investigated the mechanism of PCF-mediated action by determining its effect on DNA methylation status of the tumour suppressor genes [P16 and ras association domain family 1 A (RASSF1A)] in the UVB-transformed cells. Both genes were found to be hypermethylated by chronic UVB exposure. The expression levels of P16, RASSF1A, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and DNA damage inducible protein a (GADD45a) were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. While chronic UVB exposure was found to suppress the expression of P16 and RASSF1A, it enhanced the expression of DNMT3b. In the early phase of UVB-induced malignant transformation, the GADD45a expression was increased, however, it declined with a continued irradiation of the cells. The UVB-induced DNA hypermethylation of P16 and RASSF1A and subsequent gene silencing was reversed by PCF treatment. The inhibition of DNMTs expression suggested that PCF blocked DNA methylation and thereby the silencing of tumour suppressor genes. Furthermore, the PCF-mediated substantial increase in GADD45a expression indicated that PCF promoted demethylation of tumour suppressor genes via GADD45a induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Han
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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Problems Related to Physical Agents. Fam Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_53-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations may explain the link between breast cancer risk and shift work. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2014; 88:819. [PMID: 25432299 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-1005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, California
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Igissinov N, Zatoskikh V, Moore MA, Igissinov S, Aldiyarova G, Tokmurziyeva G, Valieva S, Alpeissova S, Sarsenova S. Laryngeal cancer in Kazakhstan - ethnic, age and gender differences over time. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:7033-8. [PMID: 24377645 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.7033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to provide an assessment of the incidence of cancer of the larynx in Kazakhstan with especial attention to ethnicity and gender, as well as age. The retrospective design covered all new cases of laryngeal cancer in 11 years (1999-2009). The total number was 4,967 cases, 4,535 (91.3%) in males and 432 (8.7%) in women, with a gender ratio of 10.5:1. Patients of Kazakh (31.2%) and Russian (51.4%) ethnicity accounted for the vast majority (82.6%), with Russians predominating in both sexes, but particularly in females. Age peak in Kazakhs was 70 years and older (14.6 ± 0.70/0000), and in Russians was 60-69 years (21.6 ± 1.30/0000). In the dynamics, the rates had the tendency to decrease more markedly in Russian than Kazakh men, especially in the younger groups, while increase was noted in the youngest females of both ethnicities, but again greater in Russians, presumably reflecting change in underlying lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbek Igissinov
- Central Asia Cancer Institute and Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Astana, Kazakhstan E-mail : nurbek_igisinov@ mail.ru,
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Winter 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in young urban adults are affected by smoking, body mass index and educational level. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:355-60. [PMID: 25117996 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To study the relationship of winter 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) levels with age, education, place of residency, marital status and body mass index (BMI) as they may affect sun exposure, vitamin D synthesis and metabolism. SUBJECTS/METHODS Subjects (1952) answered a structured questionnaire concerning education, marital status and smoking; and body weight/height, and parathyroid hormone and 25-OHD were measured. RESULTS 25-OHD levels were higher in the males with elementary and secondary education compared with higher education (46.8±18.5 and 43.7±16 vs 39.9±15.3 nmol/l, P<0.01). Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent (16.7%, (13.1-20.2) vs 10.8%, (8.4-13.2), P=0.08) and sufficiency was less prevalent (24.6% (20-29.2) vs 33.7%, (29.5-37.8), P=0.005) in those with higher than secondary education. No differences were found among the females. Male smokers had lower 25-OHD than nonsmokers (40.2±16.6 vs 43.6±15.7 nmol/l, P=0.004). Deficiency was more prevalent in the male smokers than nonsmokers with secondary and higher education (secondary 16.6%, (10.1-22.4) vs 8.2%, (5.1-11.3), P=0.006; higher 27.4%, (17.7-37.1) vs 13.2%, (9.0-17.5), P=0.003). 25-OHD was lower in the obese than in the normal-weight females (34.6±16.2 vs 38.2±17.8 nmol/l, analysis of variance, P=0.014), but not males. Marital status was not related to 25-OHD. Only in the urban residents, increasing BMI in the young females increased the risk for vitamin D deficiency by 1%, and smoking had an odds ratio of 1.99 (1.05-3.78) in the young and 2.5 (1.07-5.75) in the middle-aged males. CONCLUSIONS Smoking and higher education in the males and obesity in the females were factors for vitamin D deficiency among Bulgarian urban population.
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Christopher KL, Wiggins AT, Van Meter EM, Means RT, Hayslip JW, Roach JP. Differences in vitamin D nutritional status between newly diagnosed cancer patients from rural or urban settings in Kentucky. Nutr Cancer 2014; 65:653-8. [PMID: 23859032 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.789117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although poor nutritional status and weight loss in cancer patients is known to affect outcomes, little is known about malnutrition differences based on geographic location. We investigated nutritional and inflammatory status of 220 newly diagnosed adults with solid tumors at the University of Kentucky's Markey Cancer Center during December 2008 through October 2011. Chi-square tests were used to determine any associations between suboptimal nutritional levels and rural-urban areas of residence. Out of the 13 lab values collected, the only significant difference between rural and urban participants was found for vitamin D resulting in more rural subjects (67.4%) having a suboptimal vitamin D status as compared to those residing in urban areas (53.3%, P = 0.04). Controlling for baseline demographics including age, race, sex, body mass index, nutritional status, and type of cancer, logistic regression analyses concluded those in rural areas had nearly a twofold increase in the odds of having a suboptimal vitamin D level compared to those in urban areas (odd's ratio = 1.97; 95% confidence interval = 1.04, 3.74). Further investigation into the rural-urban differences in vitamin D needs to be investigated in order to improve outcomes during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Christopher
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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A multicountry ecological study of cancer incidence rates in 2008 with respect to various risk-modifying factors. Nutrients 2013; 6:163-89. [PMID: 24379012 PMCID: PMC3916854 DOI: 10.3390/nu6010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational and ecological studies are generally used to determine the presence of effect of cancer risk-modifying factors. Researchers generally agree that environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and low serum 25-hdyroxyvitamin D levels are important cancer risk factors. This ecological study used age-adjusted incidence rates for 21 cancers for 157 countries (87 with high-quality data) in 2008 with respect to dietary supply and other factors, including per capita gross domestic product, life expectancy, lung cancer incidence rate (an index for smoking), and latitude (an index for solar ultraviolet-B doses). The factors found to correlate strongly with multiple types of cancer were lung cancer (direct correlation with 12 types of cancer), energy derived from animal products (direct correlation with 12 types of cancer, inverse with two), latitude (direct correlation with six types, inverse correlation with three), and per capita gross national product (five types). Life expectancy and sweeteners directly correlated with three cancers, animal fat with two, and alcohol with one. Consumption of animal products correlated with cancer incidence with a lag time of 15–25 years. Types of cancer which correlated strongly with animal product consumption, tended to correlate weakly with latitude; this occurred for 11 cancers for the entire set of countries. Regression results were somewhat different for the 87 high-quality country data set and the 157-country set. Single-country ecological studies have inversely correlated nearly all of these cancers with solar ultraviolet-B doses. These results can provide guidance for prevention of cancer.
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Moukayed M, Grant WB. Molecular link between vitamin D and cancer prevention. Nutrients 2013; 5:3993-4021. [PMID: 24084056 PMCID: PMC3820056 DOI: 10.3390/nu5103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (also known as calcitriol), is a biologically active molecule required to maintain the physiological functions of several target tissues in the human body from conception to adulthood. Its molecular mode of action ranges from immediate nongenomic responses to longer term mechanisms that exert persistent genomic effects. The genomic mechanisms of vitamin D action rely on cross talk between 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ signaling pathways and that of other growth factors or hormones that collectively regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate a role for vitamin D (calcitriol) in modulating cellular growth and development. Vitamin D (calcitriol) acts as an antiproliferative agent in many tissues and significantly slows malignant cellular growth. Moreover, epidemiological studies have suggested that ultraviolet-B exposure can help reduce cancer risk and prevalence, indicating a potential role for vitamin D as a feasible agent to prevent cancer incidence and recurrence. With the preventive potential of this biologically active agent, we suggest that countries where cancer is on the rise--yet where sunlight and, hence, vitamin D may be easily acquired--adopt awareness, education and implementation strategies to increase supplementation with vitamin D in all age groups as a preventive measure to reduce cancer risk and prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meis Moukayed
- School of Arts and Sciences, American University in Dubai, P. O. Box 28282, Dubai, UAE; E-Mail:
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
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Di Rosa M, Malaguarnera M, Zanghì A, Passaniti A, Malaguarnera L. Vitamin D3 insufficiency and colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:594-612. [PMID: 23941729 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally the main recognized function of vitamin D has been calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Nevertheless, recent evidences have highlighted the importance of vitamin D3 as a protective agent against various cancers. The association between CRC and vitamin D3 was first suggested in ecologic studies, but further was confirmed by observational studies in humans and experimental studies in both animal models and cellular lines. The protective role of vitamin D3 against cancer has been attributed to its influence of on cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair mechanisms, inflammation and immune function. In its active (calcitriol) form (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1α,25-(OH)2D3]) vitamin D3 and the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulate hundreds of genes including those coding for proteins involved in cell differentiation and cell proliferation. The current review addresses some of the key mechanisms that influence the biological actions of vitamin D and its metabolites. The insights derived from these mechanisms may aid in designing new uses for this hormone and its non-hypercalcemic derivatives in the treatment and/or prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Igissinov N, Zatoskikh V, Moore MA, Igissinov S, Toulebaeyev R, Mustafina M, Valieva S, Aldiyarova G, Bukeyeva Z, Venglovskiy A. Epidemiological evaluation of laryngeal cancer incidence in Kazakhstan for the years 1999-2009. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:3969-74. [PMID: 23886216 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to provide a descriptive epidemiological assessment of the incidence of cancer of the larynx in Kazakhstan and spatial evaluation with gender characteristics. This retrospective study covered all new cases of laryngeal cancer in 11 years (1999-2009). The total number was 4,967 cases, 4,535 (91.3%) in males and 432 (8.7%) in women, with a ratio of 10.5:1. The higher incidence in men compared to women was evident in all age groups, the differences being statistically significant (p<0.05). At the same time revealed a unimodal growth with age, peaking at 70 years and older both sexes. In the dynamics, incidence rates of laryngeal cancer demonstrated a tendency to decrease, in women (T=-6.7%) this being more pronounced than in men (T=-3.3%). Levels were determined to produce cartograms of cancer of the larynx for male and female populations, clear geographical variation being evidenced. The data are discussed with reference to possible risk factors.
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Gröber U, Spitz J, Reichrath J, Kisters K, Holick MF. Vitamin D: Update 2013: From rickets prophylaxis to general preventive healthcare. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 5:331-47. [PMID: 24516687 PMCID: PMC3908963 DOI: 10.4161/derm.26738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has received a lot of attention recently as a result of a meteoric rise in the number of publications showing that vitamin D plays a crucial role in a plethora of physiological functions and associating vitamin D deficiency with many acute and chronic illnesses including disorders of calcium metabolism, autoimmune diseases, some cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases and cardiovascular disease. The recent data on vitamin D from experimental, ecological, case-control, retrospective and prospective observational studies, as well as smaller intervention studies, are significant and confirm the sunshine vitamin's essential role in a variety of physiological and preventative functions. The results of these studies justify the recommendation to improve the general vitamin D status in children and adults by means of a healthy approach to sunlight exposure, consumption of foods containing vitamin D and supplementation with vitamin D preparations. In general, closer attention should therefore be paid to vitamin D deficiency in medical and pharmaceutical practice than has been the case hitherto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Gröber
- Academy for Micronutrient Medicine; Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Spitz
- Institute for Medical Information and Prevention; Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes; Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Klaus Kisters
- Academy for Micronutrient Medicine; Essen, Germany
- St. Anna Hospital, Medical Clinic I; Herne, Germany
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Grant WB, Holick MF. Re: Vitamin D: Health panacea or false prophet? Nutrition 2013; 29:809-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Grant WB. Sun exposure, vitamin D and cancer risk reduction. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2073-5. [PMID: 23477999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Grant WB. Disparities in melanoma incidence rates in Europe. Br J Dermatol 2012; 168:884-5. [PMID: 23013482 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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