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Battistoni M, Metruccio F, Di Renzo F, Moretto A, Bacchetta R, Menegola E. Effects of combined exposure to two bisphenol plasticizers (BPA and BPB) on Xenopus laevis development. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108614. [PMID: 38866257 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Due to its endocrine disruptive activity, the plastic additive Bisphenol A (BPA) is classified as substance of very high concern (EU ECHA 2017). A correlation between environmental exposure to BPA and congenital defects has been described in humans and in experimental species including the amphibian Xenopus laevis, where severe branchial defects were associated to lethality. The exposure of X. laevis embryos to the BPA analogue bisphenol B (BPB) was recently linked to similar teratogenic effects, with BPB having relative potency about 3 times higher than BPA. The combined BPA-BPB exposure is realistic as both BPA and BPB are detected in human samples and environment. Limited experimental data are available on the combined developmental toxicity of BPA and BPB. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effects of BPA and BPB mixture in the X. laevis development model, using R-FETAX procedure. The exposure was limited to the first day of development (corresponding to the phylotypic developmental period, common to all vertebrates). Samples were monitored for lethal effects during the full six-day test period and the external morphology was evaluated at the end of the test. Mixture effects were described by modelling, using the PROAST software package. Overall data modelling showed that dose-addiction could not be rejected, suggesting a health concern for co-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Battistoni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, via Celoria, Milan 26-20133, Italy
| | - F Metruccio
- ICPS, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, via GB Grassi, Milan 74-20159, Italy
| | - F Di Renzo
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, via Celoria, Milan 26-20133, Italy.
| | - A Moretto
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, via Giustiniani, Padua 2-35128, Italy
| | - R Bacchetta
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, via Celoria, Milan 26-20133, Italy
| | - E Menegola
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, via Celoria, Milan 26-20133, Italy
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2
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Lee Y, Baek J, Kwon Y. Assessing dietary bisphenol A exposure among Koreans: comprehensive database construction and analysis using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:1018-1055. [PMID: 38923903 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2362252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure primarily occurs through dietary intake. This study aimed to estimate the extent of dietary BPA exposure among Koreans. A thorough literature search was conducted to establish a BPA content database encompassing common foods consumed in Korea, including various food raw materials and processed food products. Dietary exposure levels were estimated by integrating the constructed BPA database with comprehensive nationwide 24 h-dietary recall datasets. The finding revealed that dietary BPA exposure was low for most Koreans, with a mean of 14.5 ng/kg bw/day, but was higher for preschool-age children (over 23 ng). Canned foods accounted for 9-36% of the total dietary exposure of the highest dietary exposure groups; while across all age groups, a considerable amount was derived from canned tuna, contribution of canned fruits and canned coffee (milk-containing) was high for preschool-age children and adults, respectively. Notably, for adults, a substantial proportion also stemmed from beer packaged in cans. While diet contributed over 80% of aggregate exposure for most age groups, preschool-age children experienced 60% exposure through diet due to additional exposure from indoor dust. Even at the high exposure scenario, aggregate BPA exposure levels remained lower than the current tolerable daily intake (TDI) set by the Korean agency (20 μg/kg bw/day). Nevertheless, most Koreans were exposed to BPA levels surpassing the strictest TDI (0.2 ng/kg bw/day) set by the European Food Safety Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyun Baek
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Caglayan MO, Şahin S, Üstündağ Z. An Overview of Aptamer-Based Sensor Platforms for the Detection of Bisphenol-A. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:1320-1341. [PMID: 36001397 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptive compounds are natural or anthropogenic environmental micropollutants that alter the function of the endocrine system ultimately damaging the metabolism. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most common of these pollutants and it is often used in epoxy coatings and polycarbonates as a plasticizer. Therefore, monitoring BPA levels in different environments is very important and challenging. In recent years, an increasing number of BPA detection methods have been proposed. This article presents a critical review of aptamer-based electrochemical, fluorescence-based, colorimetric, and several other BPA detection platforms published in the last decade. Furthermore, a statistical evaluation has been made using principle component analysis showing analytical performance parameters do not create very different clusters. Comparisons to other BPA detection methods are also presented so that the reader has an overall literature overview.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samet Şahin
- Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Zafer Üstündağ
- Department of Chemistry, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
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4
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Ghahremani MH, Ghazi-Khansari M, Farsi Z, Yazdanfar N, Jahanbakhsh M, Sadighara P. Bisphenol A in dairy products, amount, potential risks, and the various analytical methods, a systematic review. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101142. [PMID: 38304050 PMCID: PMC10831155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic study deals with the amount of bisphenol A (BPA) in milk and dairy products, its analytical methods, and risk assessment. Milk is one of the drinks that has a high consumption. Bisphenol A can be present both in raw milk and its amount undergoes changes during the pasteurization process. This review was conducted by searching for the keywords Bisphenol A, BPA milk, dairy product, cheese, cream, butter, yogurt, measurement, detection, and analysis in different databases. The search was done in three databases, Scopus, PubMed and Science Direct. The largest number of studies on the determination of bisphenol A belonged to Asian and European countries. The amount of bisphenol A in milks was observed in the range from ND to 640 ng/mL. Furthermore, the amount of BPA in the tested cheese samples was observed in the ND range up to 6.1 ng/g and in the yogurt samples in the ND range up to 4.4 ng/g. The most used analytical method was based on liquid chromatography. The most used solvent for extraction was methanol or acetonitrile. HQ (Hazard Quotient) was also calculated in some studies. There was no risk in terms of milk consumption due to BPA contamination in extracted data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Farsi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Yazdanfar
- Iranian Institute of R&D in Chemical Industries (IRDCI) (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahadi Jahanbakhsh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Metruccio F, Battistoni M, Di Renzo F, Bacchetta R, Santo N, Menegola E. Teratogenic and neuro-behavioural toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and B (BPB) on Xenopus laevis development. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108496. [PMID: 37951421 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plastic additive with endocrine disruptive activity, classified in 2017 by EU ECHA as substance of very high concern. A correlation between environmental exposure to BPA and congenital defects has been described in humans and in experimental species, including the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Among BPA analogues, bisphenol B (BPB) is used as alternative in different not-EU countries, including US, but seems to share with BPA its endocrine disruptor properties. Aim of the present work is the evaluation of the effects of BPB versus BPA exposure in a X. laevis developmental model. A windowed exposure (R-FETAX method) was applied covering the developmental phylotypic period (teratogenicity window), or the late tailbud stages (neuro-behavioural toxicity window, corresponding to the spontaneous swimming acquisition period). Samples were monitored for lethal effects during the full test period. External morphology evaluation and deglutition functional test were applied in any group. Abnormal tadpoles were also processed for cartilage staining. In groups exposed during neuro-behavioural toxicity window the swimming test was also applied. Lethality and malformations were obtained only in samples exposed during the teratogenicity window; these data were modelled using PROAST software and BPB relative potency resulted about 3 times higher than BPA. The day-by-day evaluation revealed that lethality was correlated to embryonic abnormal development of gills and apoptosis in gill primordia. Teratogenicity was never detected in groups exposed during the neuro-behavioural toxicity window, where some significant neuro-behavioural deficits were detected in tadpoles exposed to the highest tested concentrations of BPA and BPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Metruccio
- ICPS, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, via GB Grassi, 74, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - M Battistoni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F Di Renzo
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - R Bacchetta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N Santo
- Unitech NOLIMITS, Imaging Facility, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Menegola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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6
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Schiano ME, Sodano F, Magli E, Corvino A, Fiorino F, Rimoli MG, Seccia S, Albrizio S. Quantitative determination of BPA, BPB, BPF and BPS levels in canned legumes from Italian market. Food Chem 2023; 416:135642. [PMID: 36871506 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The levels of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) were monitored in twenty-three samples of canned legumes from popular brands marketed in Italy. BPB, BPS and BPF were not detected in any samples, while BPA was found in 91 % of the samples in the concentration range 1.51-21.22 ng/mL. The risk associated with the human exposure to BPA was categorized using the Rapid Assessment of Contaminant Exposure (RACE) tool promoted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The results showed that there is no risk for any of the population groups when the current TDI value for BPA of 4 μg/kg bw/day was used as toxicological reference point. In contrast, using the new TDI value for BPA of 0.04 ng/kg bw/day, proposed by EFSA in December 2021, the existing risk was found to be real for all population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Erminia Schiano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Sodano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Elisa Magli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Corvino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Rimoli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Serenella Seccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Albrizio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, I-00136 Rome, Italy.
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7
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Wan YP, Ma QG, Hayat W, Liu ZH, Dang Z. Ten bisphenol analogues in Chinese fresh dairy milk: high contribution ratios of conjugated form, importance of enzyme hydrolysis and risk evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88049-88059. [PMID: 37438504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated concentration levels of ten bisphenols (BPs) in 13 Chinese commercial fresh low temperature dairy milk samples (fresh milk) of main local and national brands with or without enzyme hydrolysis. The results showed that at least two BPs were detected in each fresh milk sample without enzyme hydrolysis and the respective mean concentrations of bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol C (BPC), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol PP (BPP), bisphenol Z (BPZ), and bisphenol E (BPE) were 0.73, 0.61, 1.86, 0.87, 0.42, 0.11, 1.06, 1.42, 1.5, and 0.04 ng/mL, while their respective detection frequencies ranged from 23.1-92.3%. These results indicated the frequent detection of BPs in fresh milk samples. With enzyme hydrolysis, the respective mean concentrations of BPAF, BPA, BPB, BPC, BPF, BPS, and BPAP were increased 7.1-107.1%, indicating the long-ignored importance of enzyme hydrolysis. The respective average estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of BPA by adult and children in China via fresh milk were 32.5 and 37.5 ng/kg bw/d, indicating that BPA in fresh milk was a crucial source to human. Six out of nine other BPs had higher average EDIs than that of BPA, among which the EDI of BPAP was almost three times that of BPA, suggesting the widespread contamination of other BPs in Chinese fresh milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Wan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qing-Guang Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Waseem Hayat
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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8
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Loganathan P, Vigneswaran S, Kandasamy J, Nguyen TV, Katarzyna Cuprys A, Ratnaweera H. Bisphenols in water: Occurrence, effects, and mitigation strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138560. [PMID: 37004822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols (bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol AF (BPAF)) are widely used as additives in numerous industries and therefore they are ubiquitously present throughout the world's natural environment including water. A review of the literature is presented on their sources, pathways of entry into the environment, and especially aquatic contexts, their toxicity to humans and other organisms and the technologies for removing them from water. The treatment technologies used are mostly adsorption, biodegradation, advanced oxidation, coagulation, and membrane separation processes. In the adsorption process, several adsorbents, especially carbon-based materials, have been tested. The biodegradation process has been deployed and it involves a variety of micro-organisms. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV/O3-based, catalysis relevant AOPs, electrochemical AOPs and physical AOPs have been employed. Both the biodegradation process and AOPs generate by-products which may be toxic. These by-products need to be subsequently removed using other treatment processes. Effectiveness of the membrane process varies depending on the porosity, charge, hydrophobicity, and other properties of the membrane. The problems and limitations of each treatment technique are discussed and methods to overcome them are presented. Suggestions are articulated to use a combination of processes to improve the removal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia.
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia; Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia.
| | - Tien Vinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia.
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Cuprys
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
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9
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Simultaneous determination of phenolic pollutants in dairy products held in various types of packaging by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Wang H, Tang Z, Liu ZH, Zeng F, Zhang J, Dang Z. Ten bisphenol analogs were abundantly found in swine and bovine urines collected from two Chinese farms: concentration profiles and risk evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13407-13417. [PMID: 36131175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogs (BPs) in livestock urine are important biomarkers to reflect the potential contaminants in food products derived from these animals. Nevertheless, little research has been done on their occurrence in farm animal urine. This work investigated ten BPs in swine and bovine urines collected from two Chinese farms. Results showed that all of these ten BPs were frequently detected in swine and bovine urines. The total mean concentration of the ten BPs (ΣBPs) in sow urines was 59.7 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that of the boar urine with a mean concentration of 37.0 ng/mL (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the corresponding mean concentration of ΣBPs in dairy cattle urine was 59.6 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that of the beef cattle urine with 37.0 ng/mL (p < 0.05). The respective mean concentration contribution ratios of BPA to ΣBPs in boar, sow, dairy, and beef cattle urines were only 14.9%, 21.4%, 9.0%, and 14.6%, which clearly indicated that BPA was no longer the dominant BP. The average daily urinary excretion rates of ΣBPs by boar, sow, dairy, and beef cattle were 37.0, 59.8, 167.0, and 36.8 times that of human, which suggested that swine and bovine likely encountered high dosage exposure of BPs in the two Chinese livestock farms. Our results showed that feeds and nutritional supplements as unintentionally added contaminants were the main sources of BPs to swine and bovine. As swine and bovine are important food sources for human being, part of BPs exposed to livestock eventually would enter human body via meat or milk. Therefore, quality controls of these feeds or nutritional supplements are quite important in order to guarantee welfare of livestock as well as protect health of our human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Feng Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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11
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Dubeau C, Aker A, Caron-Beaudoin É, Ayotte P, Blanchette C, McHugh NGL, Lemire M. Perfluoroalkyl acid and bisphenol-A exposure via food sources in four First Nation communities in Quebec, Canada. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:106-121. [PMID: 35272726 PMCID: PMC11077462 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) and bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure in four First Nation communities in northern Quebec compared with the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS Cycle 5 2016-2017) and examine the associations between dietary consumption and chemical exposure. DESIGN We used cross-sectional data from the JES-YEH! project conducted in collaboration with four First Nation communities in 2015. A FFQ collected information on diet, and PFAA and BPA were measured in biological samples. We used generalised linear models to test the associations between food intake and chemical biomarkers. SETTING Northern Quebec. PARTICIPANTS Youth aged 3-19 years (n 198). RESULTS Mean perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) levels were significantly higher in JES-YEH! than CHMS, and BPA levels were higher among those aged 12-19 years compared with CHMS. Dairy products were associated with PFNA among Anishinabe and Innu participants (geometric mean ratio 95 % CI: 1·53 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·29) and 1·52 (95 % CI 1·05, 2·20), respectively). PFNA was also associated with ultra-processed foods (1·57 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·31)) among Anishinabe, and with wild fish and berries (1·44 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·94); 1·75 (95 % CI 1·30, 2·36)) among Innu. BPA was associated with cheese (1·72 (95 % CI 1·19, 2·50)) and milk (1·53 (95 % CI 1·02, 2·29)) among Anishinabe, and with desserts (1·71 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·74)), processed meats (1·55 (95 % CI 1·00, 2·38)), wild fish (1·64 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·49)) and wild berries (2·06 (95 % CI 1·37, 3·10)) among Innu. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of better documenting food-processing and packaging methods, particularly for dairy products, and their contribution to endocrine disruptors exposures as well as to promote minimally processed and unpackaged foods to provide healthier food environments for youth in Indigenous communities and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudelle Dubeau
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Institut de
Biologie Intégrative et des Systèms, Université Laval,
Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Amira Aker
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Institut de
Biologie Intégrative et des Systèms, Université Laval,
Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Santé Des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy,
Québec, QCG1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Élyse Caron-Beaudoin
- Department of Health and Society, University of
Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON,
Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health
Research Institute, Research Pavilion, Vancouver, BC,
Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Axe Santé Des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy,
Québec, QCG1S 4L8, Canada
- Institut National de Santé Publique du
Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caty Blanchette
- Axe Santé Des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy,
Québec, QCG1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh
- Commission de Santé et de Services Sociaux Des
Premières Nations Québec Labrador, Wendake, QC,
Canada
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Institut de
Biologie Intégrative et des Systèms, Université Laval,
Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Santé Des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy,
Québec, QCG1S 4L8, Canada
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12
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Kim SS, Kim JL, Hwang KS, Park HC, Bae MA, Kim KT, Cho SH. Mechanism of action and neurotoxic effects of chronic exposure to bisphenol F in adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158258. [PMID: 36030852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although bisphenol F (BPF), the main replacement for bisphenol A, has been commonly used in polycarbonate production, its neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, this study aimed to assess the neurotoxicity caused by chronic exposure to BPF and to identify its underlying mechanisms. We exposed adult zebrafish chronically to BPF at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/L) for 4 weeks. The results revealed that with BPF crossing the blood-brain barrier and bioaccumulating in brain tissues, chronic exposure to BPF resulted in anxiety-like behaviors and disruptions in learning and memory function in adult zebrafish. Furthermore, BPF toxicity in the zebrafish brain involved the dysregulation of metabolic pathways for choline and kynurenine in neurotransmitter systems and for 17β-estradiol, cortisol, pregnenolone-sulfate, and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-sulfate in neurosteroid systems. RNA-seq analysis revealed that BPF exposure affected metabolic pathways, calcium signaling pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, tight junctions, gap junctions, and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway. Our results indicate that chronic exposure to BPF alters the neurochemical profile of the brain and causes neurobehavioral effects, such as anxiety and cognitive decline. Overall, the multimodal approach, including behavioral and neurochemical profiling technologies, has great potential for the comprehensive assessment of potential risks posed by environmental pollutants to human and ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon L Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Ansan, Gyeonggido 425-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Schiano ME, Sodano F, Cassiano C, Fiorino F, Seccia S, Rimoli MG, Albrizio S. Quantitative Determination of Bisphenol A and Its Congeners in Plant-Based Beverages by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233853. [PMID: 36496660 PMCID: PMC9737382 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant-based beverages as an alternative to cow's milk has recently gained vast attention worldwide. The aim of this work is to monitor the intake of Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol B (BPB) and Bisphenol S (BPS) in the Italian population through the consumption of these foodstuffs. Specifically, the development and validation of an analytical procedure for the quantitative determination of the analytes by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was reported. Thirty-four samples of plant-based beverages (soya, coconut, almond, oats and rice) of popular brands marketed in Italy were analyzed. BPA was found in 32% of the samples, while BPB was found in 3% of the samples. The risk assessment using the Rapid Assessment of Contaminant Exposure (RACE) tool demonstrated that there was no risk for all population groups, when using the current Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 4 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day as a toxicological reference point. In contrast, using the new temporary TDI of 0.04 ng/kg bw/day, the existing risk was found to be real for all population groups. If this value were to become final, even more attention would have to be paid to the possible presence of BPA in food to protect consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Erminia Schiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italian National Research Council, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Sodano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Serenella Seccia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Rimoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB, Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro, 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Albrizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB, Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro, 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-678607
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14
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Zhang Y, Yuan ZL, Deng XY, Wei HD, Wang WL, Xu Z, Feng Y, Shi X. Metal-organic framework mixed-matrix membrane-based extraction combined HPLC for determination of bisphenol A in milk and milk packaging. Food Chem 2022; 386:132753. [PMID: 35367801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The residues of bisphenol A (BPA) in milk packaging may transfer to milk, adversely affecting the human endocrine system. Consequently, to analyse or monitor BPA, it is imperative to develop rapid and effective approaches to BPA extraction from milk and milk packing as BPA is usually present in trace levels. Herein, we developed a rapid, simple, and low-cost dispersive-membrane-solid-phase-extraction (DME) for BPA with MIL-101(Cr) mixed-matrix-membrane (MMM). The MMM had large surface area (1322.09 m2/g) and pore volume (0.65 cm3/g), possessed great extraction efficiency of BPA, and kept more than 90% extraction efficiency after 20 times of reuse. Using the developed MIL-101(Cr)-MMM-based DME coupled with HPLC-fluorescence detector, we received an adequate linearity in the range of 0.1 ∼ 50 μg/L BPA and a limit of detection as low as 16 ng/L under optimized conditions. The recoveries of BPA in milk and milk bottles were from 74.2% to 110.6%, with RSDs less than 9.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhi-Liang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin-Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao-Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenghua Xu
- Huangpu Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510770, China
| | - Yongwei Feng
- Technology Innovation Center of Special Food for State Market Regulation, Wuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, Wuxi 214100, China.
| | - Xueli Shi
- Shijiazhuang City Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
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15
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Almeida Soares DD, Pereira I, Carlos Pereira Sousa J, Alves Bernardo R, Costa Simas R, Gontijo Vaz B, Rodrigues Chaves A. Bisphenol determination in UHT milk and packaging by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 400:134014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Aptamer-Based Biosensors for the Analytical Determination of Bisphenol A in Foodstuffs. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound utilized to manufacture plastics for Food Contact Materials (FCMs) or resins for the inside of food containers. Since it was recognized as an Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical (EDC), its implications in pathologies, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, immune system alterations, and developmental and mental disorders, have been widely documented. Diet is considered the main source of exposure for humans to BPA. Consequently, continuous monitoring of the levels of BPA in foods is necessary to assess the risk associated with its consumption in one’s diet. So far, many reviews have been published on biosensors and aptamer-based biosensors, but none of them focus on their applications in their analyses of bisphenols in food matrices. With this review, the authors aim to fill this gap and to take a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art research on aptasensors designed to detect BPA in food matrices. Given that a new TDI value has recently been proposed by the EFSA (0.04 ng/kg), the search for new sensitive tools for the quantitative analysis of BPA is more topical and urgent than ever. From this perspective, aptasensors prove to be a good alternative to traditional analytical techniques for determining BPA levels in food.
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17
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Di Marco Pisciottano I, Guadagnuolo G, Busico F, Alessandroni L, Neri B, Vecchio D, Di Vuolo G, Cappelli G, Martucciello A, Gallo P. Determination of 20 Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in the Buffalo Milk Production Chain and Commercial Bovine Milk by UHPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-FLD. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040410. [PMID: 35203118 PMCID: PMC8868159 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The restriction of the use of bisphenol A (BPA) in industrial production has led manufacturers to employ several BPA analogues. The endocrine-disrupting activity of these substitutes has been proven, and some of them are already widespread in the environment. The intake of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals through diet represents a public concern, and food contamination data are still scarce in scientific literature. To investigate the levels of BPA and its analogues in the production chain of buffalo milk, we developed and validated two analytical methods based on UHPLC–MS/MS and HPLC–FLD. The methods were used to analyse feed and feed additives, raw milk, drinking water, and blood serum samples from buffalo farms in the Campania region, Southern Italy. BPA was found to be the most abundant contaminant, proving that the presence of this compound is still significant and should be monitored. Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) and some of its analogues are well known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), i.e., compounds that can affect the physiological hormonal pathways in both animals and humans, causing adverse health effects. The intake of these substances through diet represents a public concern, compounded by the scarce data in the literature about contamination levels in food. In the framework of a research project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, we determined the contamination levels of BPA and 19 EDCs in the production chain of buffalo milk, analysing feed, drinking water, buffalo milk, and blood sera. Overall, 201 feed, 9 feed additive, 62 drinking water, 46 milk, and 190 blood serum samples were collected from 10 buffalo farms in the Campania region, Southern Italy, between 2019 and 2020, and analysed. Moreover, 15 retail bovine milk samples packaged both in Tetra Pak and in PET were analysed to further evaluate consumers’ exposure to EDCs. The results of our work showed no contamination by EDCs in drinking water samples, whereas in 43% of all of the other samples from the farms at least one bisphenol was detected. The most abundant bisphenol detected was BPA (32% of the samples from the farms and 80% of the retail milk samples), thus proving that this compound is still widely used for plastic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Di Marco Pisciottano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Chemistry, via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.G.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7865216; Fax: +39-081-7865239
| | - Grazia Guadagnuolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Chemistry, via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Fabio Busico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Department of Chemistry, via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.); (B.N.)
| | - Luca Alessandroni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Department of Chemistry, via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.); (B.N.)
| | - Bruno Neri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Department of Chemistry, via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.); (B.N.)
| | - Domenico Vecchio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions (CReNBuf), via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (D.V.); (G.D.V.); (G.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Gabriele Di Vuolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions (CReNBuf), via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (D.V.); (G.D.V.); (G.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Giovanna Cappelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions (CReNBuf), via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (D.V.); (G.D.V.); (G.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Martucciello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions (CReNBuf), via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (D.V.); (G.D.V.); (G.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Department of Chemistry, via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.G.); (P.G.)
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18
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Nasralla NN, Gomah NH, Aly MM, Abdel-Aleem JA, Hammam AR, Osman DM, El-Derwy YM. Compositional characteristics of dairy products and their potential nondairy applications after shelf-life. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:150-156. [PMID: 35059646 PMCID: PMC8760486 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dairy products are discarded and useless after end of shelf-life, which causes economic and environmental challenges. The objective of this study was to study the compositional characteristics of some dairy products before and after shelf-life, and develop a process to utilize those dairy products after end of shelf-life in non dairy applications (cosmetic cream and soap). Several dairy products, such as sterilized milk, yogurt, soft cheese, hard cheese, cream, and butter were collected from markets in Egypt before shelf-life and after three months of shelf-life. Electrophoresis analysis was conducted to estimate the changes in the protein fractions of protein products (sterilized milk, yogurt, and cheese) before and after expiration. Also, gas chromatography (GS) was performed to compare the fatty acids of fat products (cream and butter) before and after end of shelf-life. Sterilized milk, yogurt, soft, and hard cheese were turned into powder (Expired dairy products powder; EDPP) to be used as a raw material in manufacturing of cosmetic creams. The fat was separated from cream, butter, and hard cheese (Expired dairy products fat; EDPF) to be utilized in making soap. The formulated cosmetic creams were examined in vitro. Functional properties of cream were determined, such as appearance, spreadability, irritancy, and pH. Additionally, the soap quality was tested after manufacture. We found that dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese after shelf-life can be utilized as raw materials for the production of cosmetic creams, as well as production of soap from butter and cream. The produced products were similar to those in commercial markets. This study is an endeavor to conquer the dairy industry challenges, which are considered a huge loss from the economic and environmental aspects. Several dairy products were collected from markets before and after shelf-life. The protein fractions were estimated in those dairy products before and after expiration. Sterilized milk, yogurt, soft, and hard cheese after end of shelf-life were turned into powder. This powder can be used as a raw material in manufacturing of cosmetic creams. The fat of expired dairy products was used in making soap.
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19
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Jambor T, Knížatová N, Lukáč N. Men´s reproductive alterations caused by bisphenol A and its analogues: a review. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive functions are an important area affecting men´s overall health and well-being. However, during the last years, there has been observed increasing incidence of male reproductive issues. The radical growth has been recorded parallelly with a massive expanse of industrialization and agricultural chemigation. Many groups of experts have begun to identify several potential factors and substances that may have adverse effects on men´s reproductive health. Since then, xenobiotics have become a major concern of many scientific studies. There is evidence that most of them have multigenerational and transgenerational effects on reproductive health, which is a serious problem for our population. Bisphenol A could be considered as one of the most studied endocrine disruptors. Until now, several negative effects of bisphenol A were associated with reduced weight testes, histological alterations, impairment spermatogenesis, and steroidogenesis as well as with testes or prostate cancer. Due to convincing evidence, bisphenol A has been started to replace by its analogues such as bisphenol B, S, F, in order to eliminate and suppress the risk of exposure to bisphenol A. However, it seems that a lack of toxicological analyses allows using of these hazardous substances in daily life. Their harmful effect was confirmed by the animal in vitro and in vivo models, while the epidemiological studies monitoring the impact of bisphenol analogues on men's reproductive health are markedly limited. This review provides information about the effects of bisphenol on reproductive health in men. At the same time, it is focused on physiological aspects of sperm viability, steroid hormone secretion, sperm motility, or testes histology in relation to bisphenols exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jambor
- BioFood Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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20
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Santonicola S, Ferrante MC, Colavita G, Mercogliano R. Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography method to assess bisphenol F levels in milk. Ital J Food Saf 2021; 10:9975. [PMID: 35036367 PMCID: PMC8696387 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) is a bisphenol A (BPA) analogue. As an endocrine disruptor, BPF shows a similar BPA hormonal activity and greater endocrine effects. To assess BPF levels in milk a selective method based on solvent extraction with acetonitrile, solid-phase extraction (SPE), high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) system, was developed. The method showed high recovery values (from 97.60 to 107.16%), and good detection and quantification limits (LOD=0.03 μg/L; LOQ=0.1 μg/L). To validate the analytical method, quantitative analyses of n.20 milk samples of whole milk were preliminarily carried out applying a monitoring system based on the control of different stages of pasteurized whole milk processing at a dairy company. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, and might be suitable to detect BPF residues in milk processing. At the dairy company, the occurrence of BPF levels ranging from
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Santonicola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso
| | | | - Giampaolo Colavita
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso
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21
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Frankowski R, Grześkowiak T, Czarczyńska-Goślińska B, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. Occurrence and dietary risk of bisphenols and parabens in raw and processed cow's milk. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 39:116-129. [PMID: 34702142 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1986234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Raw cow's milk collected from farmers and processed cow's milk purchased from local grocery stores were analysed for the presence of six bisphenols (bisphenol A, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, bisphenol AF, bisphenol B, and bisphenol E) and five parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and benzylparaben). The analytes were determined in their unconjugated form and (after enzymatic deconjugation) as the sum of conjugated and unconjugated compounds. The results show the presence of bisphenols mainly in the processed milk bought in stores while parabens were found in all samples of both raw and processed cow's milk. The average concentration of bisphenol A found in milk from cartons (0.87 ng mL-1) was greater than in milk from plastic bottles (0.35 ng mL-1). No such difference was found for parabens. Also, no considerable difference between the content of conjugated and total bisphenols and parabens was found except for ethylparaben. The determined compounds were always found below 2.0 ng mL-1 and calculations of the hazard quotients and the hazard index have shown that consumption of such milk is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Frankowski
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grześkowiak
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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22
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Russo G, Laneri S, Di Lorenzo R, Ferrara L, Grumetto L. The occurrence of selected endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water and sediments from an urban lagoon in Southern Italy. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1944-1958. [PMID: 33794056 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are agents able to exert perturbation toward the endocrine system via a broad array of signalling pathways. Some EDCs are released into the environment as a result of antropogenic activities. Analytical surveillance plays a critical role in investigating the prevalence of such chemicals in environmental samples. A study was carried out in a lagoon in Southern Italy, a water basin relates to the sea through a mouth channel, making this water body a "dynamic environment". The screening of fourteen EDCs in surface waters and sediments, includes a fast and cost-effective sample preparation, based on a solid-liquid (sediments) and liquid-liquid (surface waters) extraction and a chromatographic analysis by liquid chromatography tandem UV and fluorescence detection. Only four chemicals out the fourteen investigated EDCs were detected in both matrices with a frequency higher than 60%. The average concentrations of the single EDC were higher in sediments (730-155.000 ng kg-1 dw) than in surface waters (132-28.000 ng L-1 ). Limited to the assayed EDCs, the ecosystem has a low risk regarding to the conservation of biodiversity of the animal species living thereby, since the total estrogenic activity does not exceed 1 ng L-1 . PRACTITIONER POINTS: Occurrence of selected EDCs was investigated in an Italian lagoon in Southern Italy. BPAF, BADGE, and BPA were the most frequently and highly detected compounds in both waters and sediments. Concentration levels were greater in the sediment than in water samples. Low risk for the ecosystem biodiversity concerning investigated EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Russo
- Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Rome, Italy
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ritamaria Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Grumetto
- Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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23
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Çiftçi S, Yalçın SS, Samur G. Comparison of daily bisphenol A intake based on dietary and urinary levels in breastfeeding women. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 106:9-17. [PMID: 34563571 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an artificial chemical, and one of the significant external routes of daily BPA exposure is diet. Dietary BPA exposure can be calculated by urinary BPA concentration and dietary recall data. This cross-sectional study investigates exclusively breastfeeding women's BPA exposure by urinary total BPA concentration and nutritional records, including the 24 h Dietary Recall (HDR) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). In this study, we included exclusively breastfeeding, healthy women volunteers (n = 80; 18-40 years), collected spot-morning urine samples and conducted a comprehensive face-to-face survey. Moreover, the women's urine BPA concentration was adjusted according to their urine creatinine concentrations. We assessed dietary BPA intake with the 24HDR and FFQ. Estimated daily BPA exposure according to urinary output volume and urinary creatinine concentration median values were 0.0507 and 0.06 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. Moreover, dietary BPA daily intake was found to be 0.17 and 0.95 μg/kg bw/day according to 24HDR data and FFQ data. The milk and dairy product group's and soft drinks group's contributions to the daily intake of BPA were 55.9 % and 25.92 %, respectively. The hazard ratio for BPA exposure was within limits according to references, including US EPA, Health Canada, and EFSA. This study indicates that BPA exposure, based on both total urinary BPA concentration and dietary recall data, was within the recommended daily intake level (4 μg/kg bw/day). However, further studies are required to understand the influence of seasonal, multicentre, and socioeconomic differences on BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Çiftçi
- İzmir Democracy University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mehmet Ali Akman Street, 13/2, 35290, Konak, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Sıddıka Songül Yalçın
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gülhan Samur
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey.
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24
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Rahman MS, Adegoke EO, Pang MG. Drivers of owning more BPA. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126076. [PMID: 34004580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental toxin worldwide. Despite the many studies documenting the toxicity of this substance, it remains a popular choice for consumer products. The internet, magazine articles, and newspaper reports are replete with tips on how to avoid BPA exposure, which mostly spread contradictory and often unscientific information. Therefore, based on a comprehensive search of the available biomedical literature, we summarized several confounding factors that may be directly or indirectly related to human BPA exposure. We found that the unique properties of BPA materials (i.e. low cost, light-weight, resistance to corrosion, and water/air-tightness), lack of personal health and hygiene education, fear of BPA-substitutes (with yet unknown risks), inappropriate production, processing, and marketing of materials containing BPA, as well as the state of regulatory guidance are influencing the increased exposure to BPA. Besides, we detailed the disparities between scientifically derived safe dosages of BPA and those designated as "safe" by government regulatory agencies. Therefore, in addition to providing a current assessment of the states of academic research, government policies, and consumer behaviors, we make several reasonable and actionable recommendations for limiting human exposure to BPA through improved labeling, science-based dosage limits, and public awareness campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Santonicola S, Albrizio S, Ferrante MC, Raffaelina M. Study on bisphenol F, a bisphenol A analogue, at a dairy company: Health hazard and risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112334. [PMID: 34118346 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of analogues of bisphenol A (BPA), including bisphenol F(BPF) in milk is still not well known. BPF may enter the milk chain at the farm and during milk processing at the dairy company. This study identified the main BPF contamination pathways using a monitoring model based on the identification of the hazard at three stages along the dairy chain: raw milk from the storage tank, pasteurized milk from the storage tank, and cardboard packaged milk. Quantitative analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection (HPLC/FD) system. BPF was detected in all analysed stages (from <LOQ to 2.686 μg/L). The structural and toxicological similarity between BPF and BPA suggested considering both bisphenols for a more comprehensive risk evaluation. The daily intake of BPF and of the sum of BPF and BPA, and the worst-case scenario through the consumption of packaged milk were calculated. Exposure levels below the temporary daily intake, fixed for only BPA, were detected in all consumer age classes. Nevertheless, the use of BPA substitutes represents a risk to human health because of their potential synergic effects. The application of a monitoring program at each stage of milk processing at the dairy company may represent a useful strategy to ensure food safety in the milk chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Santonicola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Stefania Albrizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49,80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mercogliano Raffaelina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy.
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26
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Li Y, Yan H, Yu Y, Zou C, Tian L, Xin X, Zhang S, Li Z, Ma F, Ge RS. Bisphenol B stimulates Leydig cell proliferation but inhibits maturation in late pubertal rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112248. [PMID: 33940105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol B (BPB) has been used as a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA) in plastic materials. Whether BPB disrupts the male reproductive system remains unknown. Here, we report the effect of BPB on Leydig cell maturation in late puberty. Male Sprague-Dawley (35 days old) rats were gavaged with BPB at 0, 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day for 21 days. BPB significantly reduced body and epididymis weight at 200 mg/kg. BPB markedly decreased serum testosterone levels at 100 and 200 mg/kg and serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels at 200 mg/kg. BPB significantly increased Leydig cell number at 100 and 200 mg/kg, while down-regulating the expression of Leydig cell genes (Cyp11a1 and Hsd3b1) at ≥100 mg/kg and up-regulating the expression of Sertoli cell genes (Pdgfra, Fshr, Sox9) and cell cycle regulators (Pcna, Ccnb1, Cdk2, and Cdk4) at 10-200 mg/kg. BPB markedly increased the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, and ERK1/2 at 200 mg/kg. BPB increased the proliferation of rat immature Leydig cells via promoting the S/M2 phase shift at 100 and 1000 nM after 24-h culture in vitro. In conclusion, BPB disrupts Leydig cell maturation in late puberty by increasing Leydig cell number while inhibiting its maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Haoni Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yige Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiu Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Mercogliano R, Santonicola S, Albrizio S, Ferrante MC. Occurrence of bisphenol A in the milk chain: A monitoring model for risk assessment at a dairy company. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5125-5132. [PMID: 33685697 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) as a chemical hazard may enter the milk chain during primary production at the farm and, successively, during milk processing at a dairy company. To identify the potential pathways that play a role in the occurrence of BPA, a monitoring model for risk assessment based on the identification of the hazards at each stage of milk processing was investigated. Milk samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Quantifiable levels were detected in samples obtained from the raw milk storage tank, pasteurized milk from the storage tank, and packaged milk. The highest BPA contamination levels were detected in raw milk from the storage tank (mean 0.265 µg/L). Despite the fact that dietary exposure levels were below the temporary daily intake, BPA may have adverse effects, particularly for vulnerable population groups. New monitoring programs involving each stage of milk processing should therefore be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaelina Mercogliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Serena Santonicola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Stefania Albrizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
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28
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Electrochemical detection of bisphenols in food: A review. Food Chem 2021; 346:128895. [PMID: 33421902 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs) are worldwide used organic compounds in plastics, belonging to the group of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which exhibits endocrine disruption to beings. Migration of BPs from food contact materials like plastic containers, epoxy coatings in metal cans and thermal papers, would results in bioaccumulation of BPs in human beings, causing adverse health effects. Therefore, sensitive and selective determination of BPs in food is needed. Among different strategies have been explored for the detection of BPs, electrochemical sensors with relatively high sensitivity and fast response are promising. This paper is devoted to comprehensively review the developed electrochemical methods for BPs sensing in food, so that to find a direction for developing low cost, high accuracy and compatibility sensors toward the sensitive and selective detection of BPs. Different electrochemical technologies categorized by recognition agents, aptamers, enzymes, molecularly imprinted polymers and nanomaterials are discussed and summarized in their mechanisms, usages, merits and limitations. The challenges and further perspectives in the development of electrochemical sensors is also discussed.
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Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Moscoso-Ruiz I, Rodrigo L, Aguilera M, Rivas A, Zafra-Gómez A. Presence of Parabens and Bisphenols in Food Commonly Consumed in Spain. Foods 2021; 10:E92. [PMID: 33466450 PMCID: PMC7824906 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread use of bisphenols and parabens in consumer products, the assessment of their intake is crucial and represents the first step towards the assessment of the potential risks that these compounds may pose to human health. In the present study, a total of 98 samples of food items commonly consumed by the Spanish population were collected from different national supermarkets and grocery stores for the determination of parabens and bisphenols. Our analysis demonstrated that 56 of the 98 food samples contained detectable levels of parabens with limits of quantification (LOQ) between 0.4 and 0.9 ng g-1. The total concentration of parabens (sum of four parabens: ∑parabens) ranged from below the LOQ to 281.7 ng g-1, with a mean value of 73.86 ng g-1. A total of 52% of the samples showed detectable concentrations of bisphenols. Bisphenol A (BPA) was the most frequently detected bisphenol in the food samples analysed, followed by bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol E (BPE). Bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol P (BPP) were not found in any of the analysed samples. LOQ for these bisphenols were between 0.4 and 4.0 ng g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Moscoso-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.M.-R.); (A.Z.-G.)
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.M.-R.); (A.Z.-G.)
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30
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Gys C, Bastiaensen M, Malarvannan G, Ait Bamai Y, Araki A, Covaci A. Short-term variability of bisphenols in spot, morning void and 24-hour urine samples. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115747. [PMID: 33012567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to worldwide regulations on the application of the high production volume industrial chemical bisphenol A (BPA) in various consumer products, alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are increasingly used. To assess human exposure to these chemicals, biomonitoring of urinary concentrations is frequently used. However, the short-term variability of alternative bisphenols has not been evaluated thoroughly yet, which is essential to achieve a correct estimation of exposure. In this study, we collected all spot urine samples from ten healthy adults for five consecutive days, and an additional 24 h pooled sample. We measured the concentrations of seven bisphenols (BPAF, BPF, BPA, BPB, BPZ, BPS and BPAP) in these samples using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. BPA, BPF and BPS were frequently found in spot samples (>80%), while bisphenol AP (BPAP) was detected in 43% of spot samples. Calculations of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) showed that reproducibility of these four bisphenols was relatively poor (<0.01-0.200) but improved when concentrations were corrected for urine dilution using creatinine levels (0.128-0.401). Of these four bisphenols, BPF showed the best reproducibility (ICC 0.200-0.439) and BPS the most variability (ICC <0.01-0.128). In general, the within-participant variability of bisphenol levels was the largest contributor to the total variance (47-100%). We compared repeated first morning voids to 24 h pooled urine and found no significantly different concentrations for BPA, BPF, BPS, or BPAP. Levels of BPA and BPF differed significantly depending on the sampling time throughout the day. The findings in this study suggest that collecting multiple samples per participant over a few days, in predefined time windows throughout the day, could result in a more reliable estimation of internal exposure to bisphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Gys
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Michiel Bastiaensen
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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31
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Gys C, Ait Bamai Y, Araki A, Bastiaensen M, Caballero-Casero N, Kishi R, Covaci A. Biomonitoring and temporal trends of bisphenols exposure in Japanese school children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110172. [PMID: 32919958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widely used chemical bisphenol A (BPA), applied in various consumer products, has been under scrutiny in the past 20 years due to its widespread detection in humans and potential detrimental effects on human health. Following the implementation of restrictions and phase-out initiatives, BPA has been replaced by other structurally similar bisphenols, which have not yet received the same level of research attention. In this study, we aimed to 1) investigated the internal exposure to seven bisphenols in morning void urine samples (n = 396) from 7-year-old children from Hokkaido, Japan and 2) assess possible time trends in the concentrations of bisphenols between 2012 and 2017. Information on demographic, indoor environment and dietary characteristics of participants were acquired through a self-administered questionnaire. All bisphenols were detected in the study population, with BPA, BPF and BPS showing detection frequencies >50%. Concentrations of bisphenols measured in the Japanese children in our study were generally lower compared to studies worldwide. We found that BPA concentrations decreased significantly over the study time period (average 6.5% per year), whereas BPS rose with 2.8% per year. Levels of BPA and BPF were higher in autumn compared to winter. Higher urinary BPF levels were significantly associated with higher concentrations of the oxidative stress biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). BPA and BPF levels were higher in children from families with lower household income. Bisphenol concentrations were significantly influenced by some other personal (e.g. household income), food intake (e.g. vegetables and cow milk) and indoor housing characteristics (e.g. flooring). This is the first study to report longitudinal time trends of bisphenols in Japan. The presented findings imply that further research on bisphenols is warranted in the future to monitor whether these time trends continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Gys
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michiel Bastiaensen
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Dragone R, Grasso G, Frazzoli C. Amperometric Cytosensor for Studying Mitochondrial Interferences Induced by Plasticizers Bisphenol B and Bisphenol A. Molecules 2020; 25:E5185. [PMID: 33171786 PMCID: PMC7664631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread presence of plasticizers Bisphenol B (BPB) and Bisphenol A (BPA) in food contact materials, medical equipment, and common household products is a toxicological risk factor for health due to internal exposure after environmental dietary exposure. This work describes the use of an amperometric cytosensor (i.e., a whole cell-based amperometric biosensoristic device) for studying mitochondrial interferences of BPA and BPB (5-100 µg/mL) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae model following long-term (24 h) exposure (acute toxicity). Percentage interference (%ρ) on yeast aerobic mitochondrial catabolism was calculated after comparison of aerobic respiration of exposed and control S. cerevisiae cell suspensions. Results suggested the hypothesis of a dose-dependent co-action of two mechanisms, namely uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress. These mechanisms respectively matched with opposite effects of hyperstimulation and inhibition of cellular respiration. While uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress have been previously described as separate effects from in vitro BPA exposure using other biochemical endpoints and biological systems, effects of BPB on cellular aerobic respiration are here reported for the first time. Results highlighted a similar hyperstimulation effect after exposure to 5 µg/mL BPA and BPB. About a 2-fold higher cellular respiration inhibition potency was observed after exposures to 15, 30, and 100 µg/mL BPB compared to BPA. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) was used as model uncoupling agent. A time-dependent mechanism of mitochondrial interference was also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Dragone
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gerardo Grasso
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Dipartimento Malattie Cardiovascolari, Dismetaboliche e dell’Invecchiamento, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Via Giano della Bella, 34, 00162 Rome, Italy;
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Herrero L, Quintanilla-López JE, Fernández MA, Gómara B. Plasticisers and preservatives in commercial milk products: A comprehensive study on packages used in the Spanish market. Food Chem 2020; 338:128031. [PMID: 32950007 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study on packaging used in commercially available milk products from Spanish markets has been presented. Concentrations of four phthalates, seven parabens and BPA were determined in forty-two milk products. Eleven brands and five types of packaging (metallic aluminium bag, carton, high-density polyethylene, metal pail and polyethylene terephthalate) were included in the study. BPA showed the lowest concentrations (8.3 pg/g f.w.), far below those of phthalates (6431 pg/g f.w.) and parabens (6234 pg/g f.w.). Metallic aluminium bags were the least migrating packaging (considering plasticisers and monomers) followed by HDPE bottles, in the case of phthalates. Parabens showed their highest concentrations for fresh-milk samples. Levels found were far below the specific migration limits established by the EU and the cumulative hazard index was lower than 1, indicating that adverse health effects were not expected. In general, the results found in Spanish samples were lower than those reported in other countries.
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Key Words
- Benzyl paraben, BzP (PubChem CID: 7180)
- Bisphenol A
- Bisphenol A, BPA (PubChem CID: 6623)
- Butyl benzyl phthalate, BBP (PubChem CID: 2347)
- Dibutyl phthalate, DBP (PubChem CID: 3026)
- Diethyl phthalate, DEP (PubChem CID: 6781)
- Dimethyl phthalate, DMP (PubChem CID: 8554)
- Endocrine-disrupting compounds
- Ethyl paraben, EP (PubChem CID: 8434)
- Isobutyl paraben, iPB (PubChem CID: 20240)
- Isopropyl paraben, iPP (PubChem CID: 20161)
- Liquid chromatography
- Methyl paraben, MP (PubChem CID: 7456)
- Milk
- Packaging
- Parabens
- Phthalates
- Tandem mass spectrometry
- n-Butyl paraben, nBP (PubChem CID: 7184)
- n-Propyl paraben, nPP (PubChem CID: 7175)
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Herrero
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mario A Fernández
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Gómara
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Wang H, Liu ZH, Tang Z, Zhang J, Yin H, Dang Z, Wu PX, Liu Y. Bisphenol analogues in Chinese bottled water: Quantification and potential risk analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136583. [PMID: 31955091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the package materials have been widely used for Chinese bottled water, from which estrogenic bisphenol analogues might migrate into bottled water. Therefore, there is a strong need to investigate the occurrence and potential risk of such estrogenic bisphenol analogues in Chinese bottled waters. In this study, a GC-MS method was first established and validated for determination of trace-level ten kinds of bisphenol analogues, including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol C (BPC), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol P (BPP), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol AP (BPAP), and bisphenol AF (BPAF). BPA was detected in all eleven brands of PET bottled waters with concentrations of 12.4-44.9 ng/L. Some bisphenol analogues were detected in PET bottled waters, and the average concentrations of BPA, BPE, and BPAF in PET bottled waters were found to be 20.8, 1.8, and 2.2 ng/L, respectively. The other eight bisphenol analogues were not detected in PET bottled waters. On the other hand, BPA was detected with high concentrations of 111.8 to 6452.8 ng/L in ten brands of PC bottled water. The average concentrations of BPA, BPS, BPAP, and BPAF were determined to be 1394.3, 1.9, 1.4 and 1.0 ng/L, respectively, while the other seven bisphenol analogues were not detected. High BPA concentration detected in PC bottled waters would remarkably increase human BPA daily intake through daily consumption of such bottled waters. Meanwhile, high estrogen equivalence (EEQ) in PC bottled waters of China is mainly due to the presence of BPA, which may imply adverse effect on human. Therefore, further investigation should be dedicated to assess PC bottled water-associated BPA risks in a more holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-Xiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech one, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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Wang H, Liu ZH, Zhang J, Huang RP, Yin H, Dang Z, Wu PX, Liu Y. Insights into removal mechanisms of bisphenol A and its analogues in municipal wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:107-116. [PMID: 31344564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and removal mechanisms of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues in municipal WWTPs were critically reviewed in this article. BPA appeared to be the dominant bisphenol, and the removal efficiency of bisphenols was in the order of bisphenol AP>bisphenol P>bisphenol F>bisphenol Z>bisphenol C>bisphenol S>bisphenol B>BPA>bisphenol E>bisphenol AF. It was also found that BPA removal showed linear relationships to those of its analogues, which have been proven by BPA vs BPS or BPF. BPA removal performances in different treatment processes ranked from low to high are primary treatment, lagoon process, biological aerated filter, and activated sludge. Lab-scale studies showed that >50% BPA can be removed by sewage sludge estimated with the BPA solid water distribution coefficients, which showed that sludge adsorption played an important role on BPA removal. The theoretically predicted removal of BPA in municipal WWTP showed that it is readily biodegradable, which deviate from its on-site investigations. Existence of BPA conjugates in raw municipal wastewater as well as newly produced BPA degraded or migrated from microplastic materials are possible two main reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ri-Ping Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-Xiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech one, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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Ikhlas S, Usman A, Ahmad M. In vitro study to evaluate the cytotoxicity of BPA analogues based on their oxidative and genotoxic potential using human peripheral blood cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:229-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Serra H, Beausoleil C, Habert R, Minier C, Picard-Hagen N, Michel C. Evidence for Bisphenol B Endocrine Properties: Scientific and Regulatory Perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:106001. [PMID: 31617754 PMCID: PMC6867436 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substitution of bisphenol A (BPA) by bisphenol B (BPB), a very close structural analog, stresses the need to assess its potential endocrine properties. OBJECTIVE This analysis aimed to investigate whether BPB has endocrine disruptive properties in humans and in wildlife as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) definition used in the regulatory field, that is, a) adverse effects, b) endocrine activity, and c) plausible mechanistic links between the observed endocrine activity and adverse effects. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to identify BPB adverse effects and endocrine activities by focusing on animal models and in vitro mechanistic studies. The results were grouped by modality (estrogenic, androgenic, thyroid hormone, steroidogenesis-related, or other endocrine activities). After critical analysis of results, lines of evidence were built using a weight-of-evidence approach to establish a biologically plausible link. In addition, the ratio of BPA to BPB potency was reported from studies investigating both bisphenols. RESULTS Among the 36 articles included in the analysis, 3 subchronic studies consistently reported effects of BPB on reproductive function. In rats, the 28-d and 48-week studies showed alteration of spermatogenesis associated with a lower height of the seminiferous tubules, the alteration of several sperm parameters, and a weight loss for the testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicles. In zebrafish, the results of a 21-d reproductive study demonstrated that exposed fish had a lower egg production and a lower hatching rate and viability. The in vitro and in vivo mechanistic data consistently demonstrated BPB's capacity to decrease testosterone production and to exert an estrogenic-like activity similar to or greater than BPA's, both pathways being potentially responsible for spermatogenesis impairment in rats and fish. CONCLUSION The available in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro data, although limited, coherently indicates that BPB meets the WHO definition of an endocrine disrupting chemical currently used in a regulatory context. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Serra
- Chemical Substances Assessment Unit, Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- Chemical Substances Assessment Unit, Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - René Habert
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, University Paris Diderot, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U 967 – CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christophe Minier
- UMR I-2 Laboratoire Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatique (SEBIO), Normandie University, Le Havre, France
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- Toxalim, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toulouse University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan (EIP), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Michel
- Chemical Substances Assessment Unit, Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
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Gallo P, Di Marco Pisciottano I, Fattore M, Rimoli MG, Seccia S, Albrizio S. A method to determine BPA, BPB, and BPF levels in fruit juices by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1871-1881. [PMID: 31490737 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1657967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of the contamination levels of bisphenol A (BPA) and its congeners bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol F (BPF) in foodstuffs is a necessary process for assessment of consumers' risk. After development and validation of a method using Strata® C18-E cartridge cleanup with detection by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, forty-six samples of fruit juices, sold on Italian markets, have been analysed to assess the concentration of BPA, BPB and BPF. BPB and BPF were not detected in any samples, BPA was found in 33 % of the samples. The observed levels ranged from 0.50 ng mL-1 to 2.85 ng mL-1. Potential Daily Intakes (PDI) of BPA for Italian populations were calculated by the budget method model. PDIs ranged from 0.012 to 0.285 μg kg-1 bw day-1. None of the calculated values exceeded the current temporary TDI of 4 μg kg-1 bw day-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Gallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Grazia Rimoli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serenella Seccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Albrizio
- Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Andújar N, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Zafra-Gómez A, Rodrigo L, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Aguilera M, Monteagudo C, Rivas AA. Bisphenol A Analogues in Food and Their Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092136. [PMID: 31500194 PMCID: PMC6769843 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. As BPA has recently come under pressure, it is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the occurrence of these BPA analogues in food and human matrices are limited. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPA and analogues and the associated health effects. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPA analogues may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of obesity and other adverse health effects in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andújar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Jesús Álvarez-Cubero
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology III, University of Granada, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- GENYO, Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - And Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18016 Granada, Spain
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40
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Occurrence of Bisphenol A and its analogues in some foodstuff marketed in Europe. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Occurrence, toxicity and endocrine disrupting potential of Bisphenol-B and Bisphenol-F: A mini-review. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:222-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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A scoping review of the health and toxicological activity of bisphenol A (BPA) structural analogues and functional alternatives. Toxicology 2019; 424:152235. [PMID: 31201879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies report widespread usage or exposure to a variety of chemicals with structural or functional similarity to bisphenol A (BPA), referred to as BPA analogues or derivatives. These have been detected in foodstuffs, house dust, environmental samples, human urine or blood, and consumer products. Compared to BPA, relatively little is known about potential toxicity of these compounds. This scoping review aimed to summarize the human, animal, and mechanistic toxicity data for 24 BPA analogues of emerging interest to research and regulatory communities. PubMed was searched from March 1, 2015 to January 5, 2019 and combined with the results obtained from literature searches conducted through March 23, 2015, in The National Toxicology Program's Research Report 4 (NTP RR-04), "Biological Activity of Bisphenol A (BPA) Structural Analogues and Functional Alternatives". Study details are presented in interactive displays using Tableau Public. In total, 5748 records were screened for inclusion. One hundred sixty seven studies were included from NTP RR-04 and 175 studies were included from the updated literature search through January 2019. In total, there are 22, 117, and 221 human epidemiological, experimental animal, or in vitro studies included. The most frequently studied BPA analogues are bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (4,4-BPF), and bisphenol AF (BPAF). Notable changes in the literature since 2015 include the growing body of human epidemiological studies and in vivo studies conducted in zebrafish. Numerous new endpoints were also evaluated across all three evidence streams including diabetes, obesity, and oxidative stress. However, few studies have addressed endpoints such as neurodevelopmental outcomes or impacts on the developing mammary or prostate glands, which are known to be susceptible to disruption by BPA. Further, there remains a critical need for better exposure information in order to prioritize experimental studies. Moving forward, researchers should also ensure that full dose responses are performed for all main effects in order to support hazard and risk characterization efforts. The evidence gathered here suggests that hazard and risk characterizations should expand beyond BPA in order to consider BPA structural and functional analogues.
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Marotta V, Russo G, Gambardella C, Grasso M, La Sala D, Chiofalo MG, D'Anna R, Puzziello A, Docimo G, Masone S, Barbato F, Colao A, Faggiano A, Grumetto L. Human exposure to bisphenol AF and diethylhexylphthalate increases susceptibility to develop differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodules. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:885-894. [PMID: 30609493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants represent potential threats to the human health, being ubiquitous in the environment and exerting toxicity even at low doses. This study aims at investigating the role of fifteen multiclass organic pollutants, assumed as markers of environmental pollution, most of which exerting endocrine-disrupting activity, in thyroid cancer development. The increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) may be related to the rising production and environmental dissemination of pollutants. Fifty-five patients, twenty-seven with diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules and twenty-eight suffering from differentiated thyroid cancer, were enrolled and the concentration levels of seven bisphenols, two phthalates (i.e. di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its main metabolite, mono-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate) (MEHP)), two chlorobenzenes, (1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene), and 3 phenol derivatives (2-chlorophenol, 4- nonylphenol, and triclosan) were determined in their serum by using a validated analytical method based on high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet tandem fluorescence detection. A significant relationship was found between malignancy and the detection in the serum of both bisphenol AF and DEHP. Indeed, their presence confers a more than fourteen times higher risk of developing differentiated thyroid cancer. Relationship between these two pollutants and the risk of malignancy was dose-independent and not mediated by higher thyroid stimulating hormone levels. Even if a conclusive evidence cannot still be drawn and larger prospective studies are needed, the exposure to low doses of environmental endocrine-disrupting contaminants can be considered consistent with the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Marotta
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica della Tiroide, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Russo
- Pharm-Analysis & Bio-Pharm Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131, Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, I-00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gambardella
- Department of Anesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
| | - Marica Grasso
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Division of General Surgery, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Domenico La Sala
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Chiofalo
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica della Tiroide, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Italy
| | - Raffaella D'Anna
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica della Tiroide, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Puzziello
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Division of General Surgery, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Anesthesiologic, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
| | - Stefania Masone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Barbato
- Pharm-Analysis & Bio-Pharm Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131, Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, I-00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Grumetto
- Pharm-Analysis & Bio-Pharm Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131, Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, I-00136, Rome, Italy.
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Santonicola S, Ferrante MC, Murru N, Gallo P, Mercogliano R. Hot topic: Bisphenol A in cow milk and dietary exposure at the farm level. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:1007-1013. [PMID: 30594366 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical hazards may enter the milk chain during primary production. The study, for the first time, investigated the occurrence of bisphenol A (BPA) levels in cow milk samples collected on the farm following manual or mechanical milking and from the cooling tank. We applied a new monitoring model based on the identification of the hazards at each stage of the milk chain to identify potential pathways for contamination along the milk chain. We evaluated exposure to BPA through milk consumption based on detected contamination levels and the temporary tolerable daily intake established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Milk samples (n = 72) were analyzed using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The mean BPA concentrations were 0.757 µg/L in manually milked samples, 0.580 µg/L in mechanically milked samples, and 0.797 µg/L in milk from the cooling tank. Bisphenol A occurred in the milk chain as a result of different stages of milking, and reached the highest levels at the end of the milk chain. Although the dietary intake of BPA was below the EFSA's temporary tolerable daily intake, exposure to BPA, even at low doses, through milk consumption represents a public health concern. Therefore, to ensure milk safety, new monitoring plans should be applied based on the identification of hazards at each stage of the milk chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Santonicola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Murru
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Raffaelina Mercogliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, 80137 Naples, Italy.
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Zhao F, Wang H, Wei P, Jiang G, Wang W, Zhang X, Ru S. Impairment of bisphenol F on the glucose metabolism of zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:386-392. [PMID: 30218961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) is a substitute of bisphenol A in the production of epoxy resin and polycarbonate. Its extensive use in consumer products leads to a wide human exposure at high levels. Although the adverse effects of BPF on animal health are of increasing public concern, its risks on systematic glucose metabolism and blood glucose concentrations still remain largely unknown. Using zebrafish larvae as the model animal, we investigated the disturbance of BPF exposure on glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish larvae at 96 h post fertilization were exposed to 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L of BPF for 48 h. Compared with the control group, glucose levels of larvae increased significantly in the 10 and 100 μg/L exposure groups, which are associated with enhancement of gluconeogenesis and suppression of glycolysis induced by high doses of BPF. Additionally, both mRNA expressions and protein levels of insulin increased significantly in the 10 and 100 μg/L exposure groups, while transcription levels of genes encoding insulin receptor substrates decreased significantly in these groups, indicating a possibly decreased insulin sensitivity due to impairment of insulin signaling transduction downstream of insulin receptor. Further, compared with BPF alone, co-exposure of larvae to BPF and rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, significantly attenuates increases in both glucose levels and mRNA expressions of a key gluconeogenesis enzyme. Our data therefore indicate impairing insulin signaling transduction may be the main mechanism through which BPF disrupts glucose metabolism and induces hyperglycemia. Results of the present study inform the health risk assessment of BPF and also suggest the use of zebrafish larvae in large-scale screening of chemicals with possible glucose metabolism disturbing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Penghao Wei
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Guobin Jiang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
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46
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Russo G, Barbato F, Mita DG, Grumetto L. Simultaneous determination of fifteen multiclass organic pollutants in human saliva and serum by liquid chromatography–tandem ultraviolet/fluorescence detection: A validated method. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4427. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Russo
- Pharm‐Analysis & Bio‐Pharm Laboratory. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Francesco Barbato
- Pharm‐Analysis & Bio‐Pharm Laboratory. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Damiano Gustavo Mita
- National Laboratory on Endocrine DisruptorsNational Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB) Naples Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics of CNR Naples Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB Rome Italy
| | - Lucia Grumetto
- Pharm‐Analysis & Bio‐Pharm Laboratory. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB Rome Italy
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47
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Santonicola S, Ferrante MC, Leo GD, Murru N, Anastasio A, Mercogliano R. Study on endocrine disruptors levels in raw milk from cow's farms: Risk assessment. Ital J Food Saf 2018; 7:7668. [PMID: 30538962 PMCID: PMC6240925 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2018.7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet represents the primary route for human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA). As endocrine disruptor (ED), BPA has raised concerns about its adverse effects on human health. Therefore, EFSA recommended a tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) of 4 μg/kg bw/day and the EU Regulation n. 2018/213 fixed a specific migration limit (SML) of 0.05 mg/kg for BPA in food from plastic materials intended to come in contact with food. BPA could be present in milk due to environmental contamination, and also as a result of the migration from contact materials used during milking and storage. Considering the widespread consumption of milk and milk products, the contamination of dairy products is a matter of public health concern. The aim of the study was to investigate the BPA contamination levels of raw cow's milk from two farms located in Campania region, Italy. The milk samples (n=22), weekly collected from the cooling tank, were analyzed using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. In raw milk from both farms, preliminary results showed the occurrence of BPA levels lower than the SML limit, ranging from not detected to 2.34 μg/L. The consumer exposure, calculated considering a hypothetical raw milk consumption and three possible scenarios, was below the t-TDI. Despite the low levels of exposure through milk consumption, low doses can have lasting effects during human development. Thus, new approaches, methods, and plans should be applied to monitor ED contamination, such as BPA and other pollutants, and to assure milk safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Santonicola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples
| | | | | | - Nicoletta Murru
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples
| | - Aniello Anastasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples
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48
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Yang R, Niu Y, Wang B, Zhang J, Shao B. Determination of Nine Bisphenol-Diglycidyl Ethers in Human Breast Milk by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9810-9818. [PMID: 30148360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of their widespread use, and the mutagenicity and teratogenicity observed in in vitro studies, bisphenol-diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) were suspected of posing health risks to humans, especially to infants. Quantifying exposure of BDGEs from breast milk is essential in assessing the potential health risks of these ubiquitous compounds to infants. However, there is no reported analytical method for the determination of BDGEs in breast milk. In this context, we developed a rapid and sensitive method based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to measure nine BDGEs in breast milk. The analytes were extracted with acetonitrile and fat was removed by freezing under -20 °C. The extracts were further purified by PRiME HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) for the analytes were 0.033-0.500 and 0.100-1.500 μg L-1, respectively. The recoveries of BDGEs were ranged from 71.33% to 114.33%. Good method reproducibility regarding intra- and interday precision was observed, yielding relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 11.81% and 10.83%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to 20 breast milk samples. BADGE·2H2O, BADGE·HCl·H2O, BADGE·H2O, BADGE·HCl, BFDGE·2H2O, and BFDGE·2HCl were detected. BFDGE·2HCl was the dominant BDGE with detection rate of 65.0% and the concentration ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 μg L-1. This is the first report describing the occurrence of BDGEs in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning , Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Beijing 100013 , China
| | - Yumin Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning , Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Beijing 100013 , China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning , Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Beijing 100013 , China
| | - Bing Shao
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning , Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Beijing 100013 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
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49
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Desdoits-Lethimonier C, Lesné L, Gaudriault P, Zalko D, Antignac JP, Deceuninck Y, Platel C, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Mazaud-Guittot S, Jégou B. Parallel assessment of the effects of bisphenol A and several of its analogs on the adult human testis. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1465-1473. [PMID: 28482050 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are bisphenol A (BPA) and BPA analogs (BPA-A) safe for male human reproductive function? SUMMARY ANSWER The endocrine function of human testes explants [assessed by measuring testosterone and insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3)] was impacted by exposure of the human adult testis explants to BPA/BPA-A. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The few epidemiologic studies performed suggest that bisphenols have potential endocrine disruptive properties, but they did not identify clear and direct patterns of endocrine disruption. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Adult human testis explants in culture were exposed to BPA and the analogs bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) at 10-9-10-5 M for 24 or 48 h. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Human adult testes were obtained from prostate cancer patients who had no hormone therapy, or from multiorgan donors. After ex vivo exposure to the investigated bisphenols, the measured outcomes were related to histopathology (gross morphology and germ cell viability determined by anti-caspase three immunohistochemistry), and the levels of testosterone, INSL3 and inhibin B were measured using immunoassays. The levels of mRNA encoding key enzymes of bisphenol biotransformation were investigated by quantitative PCR: UGT2B15 UDP (glucuronosyltransferase two family, polypeptide B15), GUSB (glucuronidase beta), SULT1A1 and 3 (sulfotransferase family 1 A member 1 and 3) and STS (steroid sulfatase). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A significant dose-dependent inhibition was found between testosterone levels measured in the culture medium and concentrations of BPA (P = 0.00778 at 24 h and P = 0.0291 at 48 h), BPE (P = 0.039) and BPF (P = 0.00663). The observed BPA and BPA-A-induced inhibition of testosterone production varied according to duration of exposure and BPA/BPA-A concentrations. BPA (10-9 M; P < 0.05), BPB (10-9 M; P < 0.05), BPS (10-9 and 10-8 M; P < 0.05) and BADGE (10-5 M; P < 0.05) increased Leydig cell INSL3 production. By contrast, BPE dose dependently inhibited INSL3 (P = 0.0372). Conversely, Sertoli cell function (inhibin B) and germ cell viability were not significantly affected by either bisphenols. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Environmental compounds cannot be deliberately administered to men, justifying the use of an ex vivo approach. A relatively low number of testes samples were available for analysis (n = 3, except for testosterone secretion with n = 5). The active concentrations of BPA and BPA-A used in the study were higher than those found in human biological fluids. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Under our experimental conditions, direct exposure to BPA or BPA-A can result in endocrine disturbance in the adult human testis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), EHESP-School of Public Health, University of Rennes1, by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR; grant#ANR-13-CESA-0012-03 NEWPLAST) and Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES; grant#EST-2010/2/046 (BPATESTIS)). All authors declare they have no current or potential competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desdoits-Lethimonier
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - L Lesné
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - P Gaudriault
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - D Zalko
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - J P Antignac
- Oniris UMR INRA 1329 LABERCA (Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et des Contaminants dans les aliments), La Chantrerie, Nantes, France
| | - Y Deceuninck
- Oniris UMR INRA 1329 LABERCA (Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et des Contaminants dans les aliments), La Chantrerie, Nantes, France
| | - C Platel
- CHU Rennes, Unité de coordination hospitalière des prélèvements d'organes et de tissus, 2 rue Henri Guilloux 35000 Rennes, France
| | - N Dejucq-Rainsford
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - S Mazaud-Guittot
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,Université de Rennes I, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - B Jégou
- Inserm (Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale), Irset - Inserm UMR 1085 (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, CEDEX, France.,EHESP-School of Public Health, 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
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50
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Sun X, Peng J, Wang M, Wang J, Tang C, Yang L, Lei H, Li F, Wang X, Chen J. Determination of nine bisphenols in sewage and sludge using dummy molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1552:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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