1
|
Gaur V, Tyagi W, Das S, Ganguly S, Bhattacharyya J. CD40 agonist engineered immunosomes modulated tumor microenvironment and showed pro-immunogenic response, reduced toxicity, and tumor free survival in mice bearing glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122688. [PMID: 38943821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
CD40 agonist antibodies (αCD40) have shown promising anti-tumor response in both preclinical and early clinical studies. However, its systemic administration is associated with immune- and hepato-toxicities which hampers its clinical usage. In addition, αCD40 showed low tumor retention and induced PD-L1 expression which makes tumor microenvironment (TME) immunosuppressive. To overcome these issues, in this study, we have developed a multifunctional Immunosome where αCD40 is conjugated on the surface and RRX-001, a small molecule immunomodulator was encapsulated inside it. Immunosomes showed higher tumor accumulation till 96 h of administration and displayed sustained release of αCD40 in vivo. Immunosomes significantly delayed tumor growth and showed tumor free survival in mice bearing GL-261 glioblastoma by increasing the population of CD45+CD8+ T cells, CD45+CD20+ B cells, CD45+CD11c+ DCs and F4/80+CD86+ cells in TME. Immunosome significantly reduced the population of T-regulatory cells, M2 macrophage, and MDSCs and lowered the PD-L1 expression. Moreover, Immunosomes significantly enhanced the levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-2) over Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) which supported anti-tumor response. Most interestingly, Immunosomes averted the in vivo toxicities associated with free αCD40 by lowering the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), IL-6, IL-1α and reduced the degree of liver damage. In addition, Immunosomes treated long-term surviving mice showed tumor specific immune memory response which prevented tumor growth upon rechallenge. Our results suggested that this novel formulation can be further explored in clinics to improve in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of αCD40 with long-lasting tumor specific immunity while reducing the associated toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidit Gaur
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, India
| | - Witty Tyagi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Das
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Delhi, India
| | - Surajit Ganguly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi, India
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ambegoda P, Wei HC, Jang SRJ. The role of immune cells in resistance to oncolytic viral therapy. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:5900-5946. [PMID: 38872564 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to treatment poses a major challenge for cancer therapy, and oncoviral treatment encounters the issue of viral resistance as well. In this investigation, we introduce deterministic differential equation models to explore the effect of resistance on oncolytic viral therapy. Specifically, we classify tumor cells into resistant, sensitive, or infected with respect to oncolytic viruses for our analysis. Immune cells can eliminate both tumor cells and viruses. Our research shows that the introduction of immune cells into the tumor-virus interaction prevents all tumor cells from becoming resistant in the absence of conversion from resistance to sensitivity, given that the proliferation rate of immune cells exceeds their death rate. The inclusion of immune cells leads to an additional virus-free equilibrium when the immune cell recruitment rate is sufficiently high. The total tumor burden at this virus-free equilibrium is smaller than that at the virus-free and immune-free equilibrium. Therefore, immune cells are capable of reducing the tumor load under the condition of sufficient immune strength. Numerical investigations reveal that the virus transmission rate and parameters related to the immune response significantly impact treatment outcomes. However, monotherapy alone is insufficient for eradicating tumor cells, necessitating the implementation of additional therapies. Further numerical simulation shows that combination therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T-cell) therapy can enhance the success of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha Ambegoda
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Wei
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sophia R-J Jang
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhattacharya A, Jan L, Burlak O, Li J, Upadhyay G, Williams K, Dong J, Rohrer H, Pynn M, Simon A, Kuhlmann N, Pustylnikov S, Melo MB, Dey AK. Potent and long-lasting humoral and cellular immunity against varicella zoster virus induced by mRNA-LNP vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:72. [PMID: 38575581 PMCID: PMC10995133 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious human herpes virus responsible for causing chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). Despite the approval of a highly effective vaccine, Shingrix®, the global incidence of herpes zoster is increasing and the economic burden to the health care system and society are substantial due to significant loss of productivity and health complications, particularly among elderly and immunocompromised individuals. This is primarily because access to the vaccines remains mostly limited to countries within developed economies, such as USA and Canada. Therefore, similarly effective vaccines against VZV that are more accessible to the rest-of-the-world are necessary. In this study, we aimed to evaluate immunogenicity and memory response induced by three mRNA-LNP-based vaccine candidates targeting VZV's surface glycoprotein E (gE). C57BL/6 mice were immunized with each candidate vaccine, and humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed. Our results demonstrate that the mRNA-LNP-based vaccine candidates elicited robust and durable humoral responses specific to the gE antigen. Notably, mice vaccinated with the mRNA-LNP vaccines exhibited significantly higher antigen-specific T-cell cytokine production compared to the group receiving Shingrix®, the current standard of care vaccine. Additionally, mRNA-LNP vaccines induced long-lasting memory response, as evidenced by detection of persistent gE-specific Long-Lived Plasma Cells (LLPCs) and memory T cells four months after final immunization. These findings underscore the potential of our mRNA-LNP-based vaccine candidates in generating potent immune responses against VZV, offering promising prospects for their clinical development as an effective prophylactic vaccine against herpes zoster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lonzaric Jan
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Olga Burlak
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Jilong Li
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Ghanshyam Upadhyay
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Katherine Williams
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Jinhui Dong
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Harrison Rohrer
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Michelle Pynn
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Andrew Simon
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Nathan Kuhlmann
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Sergei Pustylnikov
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
| | - Antu K Dey
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
- Icosavax (AstraZeneca), 1930 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aikins ME, Sun X, Dobson H, Zhou X, Xu Y, Lei YL, Moon JJ. STING-activating cyclic dinucleotide-manganese nanoparticles evoke robust immunity against acute myeloid leukemia. J Control Release 2024; 368:768-779. [PMID: 38492861 PMCID: PMC11032129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults with a 5-year survival rate of 30.5%. These poor patient outcomes are attributed to tumor relapse, stemming from ineffective innate immune activation, T cell tolerance, and a lack of immunological memory. Thus, new strategies are needed to activate innate and effector immune cells and evoke long-term immunity against AML. One approach to address these issues is through Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway activation, which produces Type I Interferons (Type I IFN) critical for innate and adaptive immune activation. Here, we report that systemic immunotherapy with a lipid-based nanoparticle platform (CMP) carrying Mn2+ and STING agonist c-di-AMP (CDA) exhibited robust anti-tumor efficacy in a mouse model of disseminated AML. Moreover, CMP immunotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA-4) elicited robust innate and adaptive immune activation with enhanced cytotoxic potential against AML, leading to extended animal survival after re-challenge with AML. Overall, this CMP combination immunotherapy may be a promising approach against AML and other disseminated cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E Aikins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Hannah Dobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Yu Leo Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang F, Ge Q, Meng J, Chen J, Liang C, Zhang M. Characterizing CD8+ TEMRA Cells in CP/CPPS Patients: Insights from Targeted Single-Cell Transcriptomic and Functional Investigations. Immunotargets Ther 2024; 13:111-121. [PMID: 38435982 PMCID: PMC10906729 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s451199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The specific involvement of the CD8+ T effector memory RA (TEMRA) subset in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has largely not been explored in the literature. Methods Targeted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiles were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from two CP/CPPS patients and two healthy controls (HCs) in our recent study. Pseudotime series algorithms were used to reveal the differentiation trajectory, CellChat analysis was used to explore the communication between individual cells, and the SCENIC program was used to identify potential transcription factors (TFs). Based on the cosine similarity, clusters of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were considered to be further enriched in different pathways. To confirm the functional role of the critical clusters, flow cytometry was employed. Results The results revealed the molecular landscape of these clusters, with TEMRA cells exhibiting pronounced cytokine-mediated signaling pathway enrichment. Pseudotime trajectory analysis further mapped the evolution from naïve T cells to that of TEMRA cells, elucidating the developmental pathways involved in the immune context. A significant finding from CellChat analysis was the differential expression of ligands and receptors, with CD8+ TEMRA cells showing enhanced signaling, particularly in the CP/CPPS context, compared to HCs. Flow cytometry confirmed these results, revealing a heightened proinflammatory cytokine profile in patients with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms (CP-LS), suggesting that TEMRA cells play a significant role in disease pathogenesis. TF profiling across the T-cell clusters identified key regulators of cellular identity, identifying novel therapeutic targets. Elevated TNF signaling activity in CD8+ TEMRA cells underscored the involvement of these cells in disease mechanisms. Conclusion This study elucidates the pivotal role of the CD8+ TEMRA cell subset in CP/CPPS, which is characterized by increased TNF signaling and proinflammatory factor expression, highlighting potential biomarkers and opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qintao Ge
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Israeli S, Louzoun Y. Single-residue linear and conformational B cell epitopes prediction using random and ESM-2 based projections. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae084. [PMID: 38487845 PMCID: PMC10940830 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell epitope prediction methods are separated into linear sequence-based predictors and conformational epitope predictions that typically use the measured or predicted protein structure. Most linear predictions rely on the translation of the sequence to biologically based representations and the applications of machine learning on these representations. We here present CALIBER 'Conformational And LInear B cell Epitopes pRediction', and show that a bidirectional long short-term memory with random projection produces a more accurate prediction (test set AUC=0.789) than all current linear methods. The same predictor when combined with an Evolutionary Scale Modeling-2 projection also improves on the state of the art in conformational epitopes (AUC = 0.776). The inclusion of the graph of the 3D distances between residues did not increase the prediction accuracy. However, the long-range sequence information was essential for high accuracy. While the same model structure was applicable for linear and conformational epitopes, separate training was required for each. Combining the two slightly increased the linear accuracy (AUC 0.775 versus 0.768) and reduced the conformational accuracy (AUC = 0.769).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Israeli
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Özköse F. Modeling of psoriasis by considering drug influence: A mathematical approach with memory trace. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107791. [PMID: 38056205 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated genetic disease, characterized by its manifestation on the skin, the joints, or both. In this paper, our primary aim is to increase awareness about the intricate nature of this multifaceted condition, highlight the potential of therapeutic approaches, and examine the factors affecting the future course of psoriasis. This paper introduces a mathematical model for psoriasis, formulated by fractional order differential equations (FODE) with Caputo sense. The model also includes the drug effect of immune-boosting drugs on psoriasis. It has been shown that the solution of the proposed system exists and is unique, and its positivity and boundedness have been proven. Additionally, the local stability and global stability of the co-existing equilibrium point have been investigated. Numerical solutions have been conducted using the Adams Bashforth PECE method to analyze the influence of fractional order derivatives (FODs) and distinct parameters on population dynamics. The graphics have been acquired using the L1 scheme, incorporating a memory trace (MT) mechanism capable of comprehensively capturing and amalgamating historical system dynamics to visualize the memory trace in detail. One of the results deduced from this paper is that the MT disappears when α equals 1. Upon decreasing the fractional order α from 1, the MT experiences a non-linear augmentation starting from zero. This observed MT emphasizes the distinction between derivatives of fractional and integer orders. Within the proposed model, our findings suggest that introducing the immune booster drug efficiently controls psoriasis. Furthermore, when appropriate clinical patient data are available, the proposed results can be used for a specific psoriasis patient. Our study suggests that treatment with the drug may be a new insight into psoriasis treatment and may be proposed as a treatment policy for future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Özköse
- Centre for Environmental Mathematics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom; Erciyes University, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Kayseri, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elalouf A, Elalouf H, Rosenfeld A. Modulatory immune responses in fungal infection associated with organ transplant - advancements, management, and challenges. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292625. [PMID: 38143753 PMCID: PMC10748506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation stands as a pivotal achievement in modern medicine, offering hope to individuals with end-stage organ diseases. Advancements in immunology led to improved organ transplant survival through the development of immunosuppressants, but this heightened susceptibility to fungal infections with nonspecific symptoms in recipients. This review aims to establish an intricate balance between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplant recipients. It explores the fundamental immune mechanisms, recent advances in immune response dynamics, and strategies for immune modulation, encompassing responses to fungal infections, immunomodulatory approaches, diagnostics, treatment challenges, and management. Early diagnosis of fungal infections in transplant patients is emphasized with the understanding that innate immune responses could potentially reduce immunosuppression and promise efficient and safe immuno-modulating treatments. Advances in fungal research and genetic influences on immune-fungal interactions are underscored, as well as the potential of single-cell technologies integrated with machine learning for biomarker discovery. This review provides a snapshot of the complex interplay between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplantation and underscores key research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Elalouf
- Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Elalouf
- Information Science Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Rosenfeld
- Information Science Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Jin S, Zhuang Q, Liu N, Chen R, Adam SA, Jin J, Sun J. Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells: a promising antitumor immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e422. [PMID: 38045827 PMCID: PMC10691297 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been successfully used in adoptive cell therapy for malignancies. However, some obstacles, including side effects such as graft-versus-host disease and cytokine release syndrome, therapy resistance, limited sources, as well as high cost, limited the application of CAR T cells. Recently, CAR natural killer (NK) cells have been pursued as the effector cells for adoptive immunotherapy for their attractive merits of strong intrinsic antitumor activity and relatively mild side effects. Additionally, CAR NK cells can be available from various sources and do not require strict human leukocyte antigen matching, which suggests them as promising "off-the-shelf" products for clinical application. Although the use of CAR NK cells is restrained by the limited proliferation and impaired efficiency within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, further investigation in optimizing CAR structure and combination therapies will overcome these challenges. This review will summarize the advancement of CAR NK cells, CAR NK cell manufacture, the clinical outcomes of CAR NK therapy, the challenges in the field, and prospective solutions. Besides, we will discuss the emerging application of other immune cells for CAR engineering. Collectively, this comprehensive review will provide a valuable and informative summary of current progress and evaluate challenges and future opportunities of CAR NK cells in tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qiqi Zhuang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Na Liu
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangShandongChina
| | - Ruyi Chen
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Sofia Abdulkadir Adam
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang University Cancer CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological DisordersHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hematologic MalignanciesDiagnosis, and TreatmentHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological DisordersHangzhouZhejiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mannan A, Kakkar C, Dhiman S, Singh TG. Advancing the frontiers of adaptive cell therapy: A transformative mechanistic journey from preclinical to clinical settings. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111095. [PMID: 37875038 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the concept of using the patient's immune system to combat cancer has been around for a while, it is only in recent times that substantial progress has been achieved in this field. Over the last ten years, there has been a significant advancement in the treatment of cancer through immune checkpoint blockade. This treatment has been approved for multiple types of tumors. Another approach to modifying the immune system to detect tumor cells and fight them off is adaptive cell therapy (ACT). This therapy involves using T cells that have been modified with either T cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) to target the tumor cells. ACT has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in different types of tumors, and clinical trials are currently underway worldwide to enhance this form of treatment. This review focuses on the advancements that have been made in ACT from preclinical to clinical settings till now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Chirag Kakkar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lindgren H, Eneslätt K, Golovliov I, Gelhaus C, Sjöstedt A. Analyses of human immune responses to Francisella tularensis identify correlates of protection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238391. [PMID: 37781364 PMCID: PMC10540638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of the potentially severe infection tularemia. An existing F: tularensis vaccine, the live vaccine strain (LVS), has been used to protect at-risk personnel, but it is not licensed in any country and it has limited efficacy. Therefore, there is a need of a new, efficacious vaccine. The aim of the study was to perform a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the human immune response to F. tularensis, since this will generate crucial knowledge required to develop new vaccine candidates. Nine individuals were administered the LVS vaccine and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected before and at four time points up to one year after vaccination. The properties of the PBMC were characterized by flow cytometry analysis of surface markers and intracellular cytokine staining. In addition, the cytokine content of supernatants from F. tularensis-infected PBMC cultures was determined and the protective properties of the supernatants investigated by adding them to cultures with infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Unlike before vaccination, PBMC collected at all four time points after vaccination demonstrated F. tularensis-specific cell proliferation, cytokine secretion and cytokine-expressing memory cells. A majority of 17 cytokines were secreted at higher levels by PBMC collected at all time points after vaccination than before vaccination. A discriminative analysis based on IFN-γ and IL-13 secretion correctly classified samples obtained before and after vaccination. Increased expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, and MIP-1β were observed at all time points after vaccination vs. before vaccination and the most significant changes occurred among the CD4 transient memory, CD8 effector memory, and CD8 transient memory T-cell populations. Growth restriction of the highly virulent F. tularensis strain SCHU S4 in MDM was conferred by supernatants and protection correlated to levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF, and IL-17. The findings demonstrate that F. tularensis vaccination induces long-term T-cell reactivity, including TEM and TTM cell populations. Individual cytokine levels correlated with the degree of protection conferred by the supernatants. Identification of such memory T cells and effector mechanisms provide an improved understanding of the protective mechanisms against F. tularensis. mechanisms against F. tularensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kjell Eneslätt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Igor Golovliov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Learmonth M, Corker A, Dasgupta S, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Regulation of cardiac fibroblasts by lymphocytes after a myocardial infarction: playing in the major league. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H553-H561. [PMID: 37450290 PMCID: PMC10538980 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components within the myocardium, which can lead to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. Studies have shown that lymphocytes including B and T cells play important roles in the development and progression of cardiac fibrosis after a myocardial infarction. In this review, we focus on the regulation of cardiac fibrosis by lymphocyte subsets, with a particular emphasis on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their effects on fibroblasts and cardiac remodeling. We also highlight areas for further exploration of the interactions between T cells and fibroblasts necessary for understanding and treating cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Learmonth
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Alexa Corker
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Shaoni Dasgupta
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Preechanukul A, Kronsteiner B, Saiprom N, Rochaikun K, Moonmueangsan B, Phunpang R, Ottiwet O, Kongphrai Y, Wapee S, Chotivanich K, Morakot C, Janon R, Dunachie SJ, Chantratita N. Identification and function of a novel human memory-like NK cell population expressing CD160 in melioidosis. iScience 2023; 26:107234. [PMID: 37520720 PMCID: PMC10372747 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are endowed with immunological memory to a range of pathogens but the development of NK cell memory in bacterial infections remains elusive. Here, we establish an assay inducing memory-like NK cell response to Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the severe bacterial disease called melioidosis, and explore NK cell memory in a melioidosis patient cohort. We show that NK cells require bacteria-primed monocytes to acquire memory-like properties, demonstrated by bacteria-specific responses, features that strongly associate with CD160 expression. Induction of this memory-like NK cell is partly dependent on CD160 and IL-12R. Importantly, CD160 expression identifies memory-like NK cells in a cohort of recovered melioidosis patients with heightened responses maintained at least 3 months post hospital admission and reduced numbers of this cell population independently correlate with recurrent melioidosis. These newly identified memory-like NK cells are a promising target for future vaccine design and for monitoring protection against infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anucha Preechanukul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Barbara Kronsteiner
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natnaree Saiprom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitilak Rochaikun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonthanom Moonmueangsan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Phunpang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Ottiwet
- Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Pathology, Mukdahan Hospital, Mukdahan, Thailand
| | - Yuphin Kongphrai
- Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Pathology, Mukdahan Hospital, Mukdahan, Thailand
| | - Soonthon Wapee
- Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Pathology, Mukdahan Hospital, Mukdahan, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chumpol Morakot
- Department of Medicine, Mukdahan Hospital, Mukdahan, Thailand
| | - Rachan Janon
- Department of Medicine, Mukdahan Hospital, Mukdahan, Thailand
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wallace KME, Hart DW, Venter F, van Vuuren AKJ, Bennett NC. The best of both worlds: no apparent trade-off between immunity and reproduction in two group-living African mole-rat species. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220310. [PMID: 37381852 PMCID: PMC10291439 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-operatively breeding mammals often exhibit a female reproductive skew and suppression of the subordinate non-breeding group members. According to evolutionary theory and the immunity-fertility axis, an inverse relationship between reproductive investment and survival (through immunocompetence) is expected. As such, this study investigated if a trade-off between immunocompetence and reproduction arises in two co-operatively breeding African mole-rat species, namely the Damaraland mole-rat (Fukomys damarensis) and common mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus), which possess female reproductive division of labour. This study also attempted to investigate the relationship between the immune and endocrine systems in Damaraland mole-rats. There was no trade-off between reproduction and immunocompetence in co-operatively breeding African mole-rat species, and in the case of the Damaraland mole-rats, breeding females (BFs) possessed increased immunocompetence compared with non-breeding females (NBFs). Furthermore, the increased levels of progesterone possessed by Damaraland mole-rat BFs compared with NBFs appear to be correlated to increased immunocompetence. In comparison, BF and NBF common mole-rats possess similar immunocompetence. The species-specific differences in the immunity-fertility axis may be due to variations in the strengths of reproductive suppression in each species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. E. Wallace
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Daniel W. Hart
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - F. Venter
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology and Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - A. K. Janse van Vuuren
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - N. C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu N, Chen Q, Zou Y, Miao C, Ma G, Wu J. Chitosan particle-emulsion complex adjuvants: The effect of particle distribution on the immune intensity and response type. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 309:120673. [PMID: 36906359 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Particle-emulsion complex adjuvants as a new trend in the research of vaccine formulation, can improve the immune strength and balance the immune type. However, the location of the particle in the formulation is a key factor that has not been investigated extensively and its type of immunity. In order to investigate the effect of different combining modes of emulsion and particle on the immune response, three types of particle-emulsion complex adjuvant formulations were designed with the combination of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and an o/w emulsion with squalene as the oil phase. The complex adjuvants included the CNP-I group (particle inside the emulsion droplet), CNP-S group (particle on the surface of emulsion droplet) and CNP-O group (particle outside the emulsion droplet), respectively. The formulations with different particle locations behaved with different immunoprotective effects and immune-enhancing mechanisms. Compared with CNP-O, CNP-I and CNP-S significantly improve humoral and cellular immunity. CNP-O was more like two independent systems for immune enhancement. As a result, CNP-S triggered a Th1-type immune bias and CNP-I had more of a Th2-type of the immune response. These data highlight the key influence of the subtle difference of particle location in the droplets for immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Qiuting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongjuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Chunyu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Revamping the innate or innate-like immune cell-based therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: new mechanistic insights and advanced opportunities. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 40:84. [PMID: 36680649 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A cancerous tumour termed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by inflammation and subsequently followed by end-stage liver disease and necrosis of the liver. The liver's continuous exposure to microorganisms and toxic molecules affects the immune response because normal tissue requires some immune tolerance to be safeguarded from damage. Several innate immune cells are involved in this process of immune system activation which includes dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. The liver is an immunologic organ with vast quantities of innate and innate-like immune cells subjected to several antigens (bacteria, fungal or viral) through the gut-liver axis. Tumour-induced immune system engagement may be encouraged or suppressed through innate immunological systems, which are recognized promoters of liver disease development in pre-HCC conditions such as fibrosis or cirrhosis, ultimately resulting in HCC. Immune-based treatments containing several classes of drugs have transformed the treatment of several types of cancers in recent times. The effectiveness of such immunotherapies relies on intricate interactions between lymphocytes, tumour cells, and neighbouring cells. Even though immunotherapy therapy has already reported to possess potential effect to treat HCC, a clear understanding of the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cell pathways still need to be clearly understood for better exploitation of the same. The identification of predictive biomarkers, understanding the progression of the disease, and the invention of more efficient combinational treatments are the major challenges in HCC immunotherapy. The functions and therapeutic significance of innate immune cells, which have been widely implicated in HCC, in addition to the interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses during the pathogenesis, have been explored in the current review.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kono M, Iyo T, Murakami D, Sakatani H, Nanushaj D, Hotomi M. Maternal immunization with pneumococcal surface protein A provides the immune memories of offspring against pneumococcal infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1059603. [PMID: 37033488 PMCID: PMC10076723 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1059603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is one of the most widespread pathogens in the world and one of the largest infectious causes of infant mortality. Although current vaccines have various benefits, antibiotic resistance and the inability to vaccinate infants less than one year old demands the development of new protective strategies. One strategy, 'maternal immunization', is to protect infants by passive immunity from an immunized mother, although its mechanism is still not fully understood. Materials and methods The current study aimed to acquire immunity against S. pneumoniae in infants by maternal immunization with pneumococcal common antigen, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). Four-week-old female mice were immunized with recombinant PspA intranasally twice a week for three weeks. Females were mated with age-matched males after immunization, and delivered offspring. Results The week-old offspring derived from and fostered by immunized mothers had more anti-PspA-specific antibody producing cells in the spleen than those derived from sham-immunized mothers. The offspring were raised up to four weeks old and were subcutaneously stimulated with recombinant PspA. The levels of anti-PspA IgG in sera after stimulation were significantly higher in the offspring derived from the immunized mothers and the induced specific antibody to PspA showed protective efficacy against systemic pneumococcal infection. Discussion Maternal immunization is suggested to be able to provide a sustained immune memory to offspring. The current study would be a milestone in the field of maternal immunization toward a universal pneumococcal vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takuro Iyo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kinan Hospital, Tanabe, Japan
| | - Daichi Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kinan Hospital, Tanabe, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakatani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Denisa Nanushaj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Muneki Hotomi,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maheshwari A. Innate Immune Memory in Macrophages. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:60-79. [PMID: 37206580 PMCID: PMC10193650 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as the primary mediators of innate immunity starting from embryonic/fetal development. Macrophage-mediated defenses may not be as antigen-specific as adaptive immunity, but increasing information suggests that these responses do strengthen with repeated immunological triggers. The concept of innate memory in macrophages has been described as "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory (IIM)." As currently understood, this cellular memory is rooted in epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. The recognition of IIM may be particularly important in the fetus and the young neonate who are yet to develop protective levels of adaptive immunity, and could even be of preventive/therapeutic importance in many disorders. There may also be a possibility of therapeutic enhancement with targeted vaccination. This article presents a review of the properties, mechanisms, and possible clinical significance of macrophage-mediated IIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Founding Chairman, Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pratama NR, Wafa IA, Budi DS, Sutanto H, Asmarawati TP, Barlian Effendi G, Wungu CDK. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529): A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2180. [PMID: 36560590 PMCID: PMC9783108 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine effectiveness (VE) and the urgency of booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant need evaluation. A systematic search was conducted from 1−6 April, 2022. VE difference (VED) estimates were assessed using random-effects and meta-regression analyses were performed for evaluating VE over time. Compared to full dose, booster dose of overall vaccines provided better protection against any and severe Omicron infections within 3 months (p < 0.001), and within 3 months or more in any, severe, and symptomatic infections (p < 0.001). From meta-regression analysis of overall vaccines, the full-dose VE against any and symptomatic Omicron infections reduced per month by 2.45% and 5.5%, respectively; whereas booster dose effectiveness against any and symptomatic Omicron infections reduced per month by 1.79% and 1.14%, respectively. The VE estimates of booster dose provide excellent protection against symptomatic infection compared to full dose. The VE estimates of Ad26.COV2.S, BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCov-19, and mRNA-1273 against Omicron infection are generally moderate, despite the VE estimates declining over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ifan Ali Wafa
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - David Setyo Budi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Henry Sutanto
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tri Pudy Asmarawati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Adaptive discrimination between harmful and harmless antigens in the immune system by predictive coding. iScience 2022; 26:105754. [PMID: 36594030 PMCID: PMC9804113 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system discriminates between harmful and harmless antigens based on past experiences; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. From the viewpoint of machine learning, the learning system predicts the observation and updates the prediction based on prediction error, a process known as "predictive coding." Here, we modeled the population dynamics of T cells by adopting the concept of predictive coding; conventional and regulatory T cells predict the antigen concentration and excessive immune response, respectively. Their prediction error signals, possibly via cytokines, induce their differentiation to memory T cells. Through numerical simulations, we found that the immune system identifies antigen risks depending on the concentration and input rapidness of the antigen. Further, our model reproduced history-dependent discrimination, as in allergy onset and subsequent therapy. Taken together, this study provided a novel framework to improve our understanding of how the immune system adaptively learns the risks of diverse antigens.
Collapse
|
21
|
Increased Expression of CD95 in CD4 + Effector Memory T Cells Promotes Th17 Response in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:437-452. [PMID: 34716498 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data have revealed that CD95 can evoke non-apoptotic signals, thereby promoting pro-inflammatory functions that link to the severity of autoimmune disorders. Here, we reported that the expression of CD95 in CD4+ effector memory T (CD4+ TEM) cells was increased in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. We also found increased expression of CD95 in CD4+ TEM cells from MG patients correlated positively with clinical severity scores (QMGs), serum IL-17 levels and plasma cells (PCs) frequencies. Conventional treatment, such as glucocorticoid, could down-regulate the expression of CD95 in CD4+ TEM cells, QMGs, serum IL-17 levels and PCs frequencies from MG patients. In vitro, low-dose of agonistic anti-CD95 mAb could promote Th17 cell development. This effect was reversed by CD95 siRNA. Moverover, CD95 stimulation induced the phosphorylation of p38 and Erk1/2 and Th17 cell differentiation, and p38 specific inhibitor SB203580 or Erk1/2 specific inhibitor PD98059 could induce opposite changes. However, SB203580 or PD98059 do not abrogate the increase of CCR6+IL-17A+ cells, ROR-γt and IL-17 expression induced by CD95 triggering relatively to each corresponding control. This suggests that p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK pathway plays a role in expression of CCR6+IL-17A+ cells, ROR-γt and IL-17, but not in their increase induced by CD95 triggering. Taken together, this study revealed that increased expression of CD95 in CD4+ TEM cells promotes Th17 response under the microenvironment of MG.
Collapse
|
22
|
Anbalakan K, Chew KM, Loh JK, Sim D, Lai SH, Teo Loon Yee L. Contemporary review of heart transplant immunology and immunosuppressive therapy. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20101058221138840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survival after heart transplantation (HT) has improved considerably since the first HT was performed in 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa. Understanding immunology behind organ rejection has paved way for advances in the assessment of pre-transplant compatibility, development of newer and more specific immunosuppressive drugs, and management of rejection. Objectives Unlike medical therapy for heart failure, transplant protocols vary considerably between different centers. These variations in protocols generally reflect unique population characteristics and the availability of resources. This review article aims to provide a consolidated update on contemporary cardiac transplant medicine. We also aim to highlight local practice and its difference from our international counterparts. Methods A literature search was performed on Pubmed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify trials and review articles that discussed heart transplant immunology and protocols. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplant (ISHLT) guidelines were also reviewed. We focused on risk factors, prevention strategies, and treatment of cardiac rejection. Results A total of 48 articles were selected to provide a comprehensive overview of the contemporary practice of cardiac transplant immunosuppressive therapy. Comparisons were made with local data and practice protocols to highlight key differences. Conclusion Heart transplant covers a small subset of cardiac patients and much of the evidence is derived from empirical observations and retrospective analysis. This accounts for the heterogeneity in care and treatment protocols. More studies are needed to select best practices from around the world to further improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian K Loh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Sim
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siang Hui Lai
- Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
The Regulatory-T-Cell Memory Phenotype: What We Know. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101687. [PMID: 35626725 PMCID: PMC9139615 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In immunology, the discovery of regulatory T (Treg) cells was a major breakthrough. Treg cells play a key role in pregnancy maintenance, in the prevention of autoimmune responses, and in the control of all immune responses, including responses to self cells, cancer, infection, and a transplant. It is currently unclear whether Treg cells are capable of long-term memory of an encounter with an antigen. Although the term “immunological memory” usually means an enhanced ability to protect the body from reinfection, the memory of the suppressive activity of Treg cells helps to avoid the state of generalized immunosuppression that may result from the second activation of the immune system. In this review, we would like to discuss the concept of regulatory memory and in which tissues memory Treg cells can perform their functions.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tibúrcio R, Narendran G, Barreto-Duarte B, Queiroz ATL, Araújo-Pereira M, Anbalagan S, Nayak K, Ravichandran N, Subramani R, Antonelli LRV, Satagopan K, Anbalagan K, Porter BO, Sher A, Swaminathan S, Sereti I, Andrade BB. Frequency of CXCR3+ CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Subsets in Peripheral Blood Is Associated With the Risk of Paradoxical Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Development in Advanced HIV Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873985. [PMID: 35432354 PMCID: PMC9011055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a clinical aggravation of TB symptoms observed among a fraction of HIV coinfected patients shortly after the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Of note, TB-IRIS is characterized by exacerbated inflammation and tissue damage that occurs in response to the elevated production of CD4+ T cell-derived IFN-γ. Nevertheless, the possible participation of CD8+ T cells in TB-IRIS development remains unclear.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive assessment of the composition of CD8+ T cell memory subsets and their association with circulating inflammation-related molecules in TB-HIV coinfected patients initiating ART.ResultsWe found that TB-IRIS individuals display higher frequencies of Antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells during the onset of IRIS and that the levels of these cells positively correlate with baseline mycobacterial smear grade. TB-IRIS individuals exhibited higher frequencies of effector memory and lower percentages of naïve CD8+ T cells than their Non-IRIS counterparts. In both TB-IRIS and Non-IRIS patients, ART commencement was associated with fewer significant correlations among memory CD8+ T cells and cells from other immune compartments. Networks analysis revealed distinct patterns of correlation between each memory subset with inflammatory cytokines suggesting different dynamics of CD8+ T cell memory subsets reconstitution. TB-IRIS patients displayed lower levels of memory cells positive for CXCR3 (a chemokine receptor that plays a role in trafficking activated CD8+ T cells to the tissues) than Non-IRIS individuals before and after ART. Furthermore, we found that CXCR3+ naïve CD8+ T cells were inversely associated with the risk of TB-IRIS development. On the other hand, we noticed that the frequencies of CXCR3+ effector CD8+ T cells were positively associated with the probability of TB-IRIS development.ConclusionOur data suggest that TB-IRIS individuals display a distinct profile of memory CD8+ T cell subsets reconstitution after ART initiation. Moreover, our data point to a differential association between the frequencies of CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells and the risk of TB-IRIS development. Collectively, our findings lend insights into the potential role of memory CD8+ T cells in TB-IRIS pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tibúrcio
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gopalan Narendran
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Artur T. L. Queiroz
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Selvaraj Anbalagan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajasekaran Subramani
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Lis R. V. Antonelli
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Brian O. Porter
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Soumya Swaminathan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Irini Sereti
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Curso de Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruno B. Andrade,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nanthapisal S, Puthanakit T, Jaru-Ampornpan P, Nantanee R, Sodsai P, Himananto O, Sophonphan J, Suchartlikitwong P, Hiransuthikul N, Angkasekwinai P, Tangsathapornpong A, Hirankarn N. A randomized clinical trial of a booster dose with low versus standard dose of AZD1222 in adult after 2 doses of inactivated vaccines. Vaccine 2022; 40:2551-2560. [PMID: 35341647 PMCID: PMC8947780 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has waning antibody over time. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant, which requires higher neutralizing antibody to prevent infection, a booster dose is needed. Objective To evaluate immunogenicity and reactogenicity of standard- versus low-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine booster after CoronaVac in healthy adults. Methods A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of adult, aged 18–59 years, with completion of 2-dose CoronaVac at 21–28 days apart for more than 2 months was conducted. Participants were randomized to receive AZD1222 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) intramuscularly; standard dose (SD, 5x1010 viral particles) or low dose (LD, 2.5x1010 viral particles). Surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) against wild type and delta variant, and anti-spike-receptor-binding-domain IgG (anti-S-RBD IgG) were compared as geometric mean ratio (GMR) at day 14 and 90 between LD and SD arms. Results From July-August 2021, 422 adults with median age of 44 (IQR 36–51) years were enrolled. The median interval from CoronaVac to AZD1222 booster was 77 (IQR 64–95) days. At baseline, geometric means (GMs) of sVNT against delta variant and anti-S-RBD IgG were 18.1%inhibition (95% CI 16.4–20.0) and 111.5 (105.1–118.3) BAU/ml. GMs of sVNT against delta variant and anti-S-RBD IgG in SD were 95.6%inhibition (95% CI 94.3–97.0) and 1975.1 (1841.7–2118.2) BAU/ml at day 14, and 89.4%inhibition (86.4–92.4) and 938.6 (859.9–1024.4) BAU/ml at day 90, respectively. GMRs of sVNT against delta variant and anti-S-RBD IgG in LD compared to SD were 1.00 (95% CI 0.98–1.02) and 0.84 (0.76–0.93) at day 14, and 0.98 (0.94–1.03) and 0.89 (0.79–1.00) at day 90, respectively. LD recipients had significantly lower rate of fever (6.8% vs 25.0%) and myalgia (51.9% vs 70.7%) compared to SD. Conclusion Half-dose AZD1222 booster after 2-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had non-inferior immunogenicity, yet lower systemic reactogenicity. Fractional low-dose AZD1222 booster should be considered especially in resource-constrained settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sira Nanthapisal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Research Unit in Infectious and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Peera Jaru-Ampornpan
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)
| | - Rapisa Nantanee
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Himananto
- Monoclonal Antibody Production and Application Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)
| | - Jiratchaya Sophonphan
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pintip Suchartlikitwong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narin Hiransuthikul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Research Unit in Infectious and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Auchara Tangsathapornpong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Research Unit in Infectious and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ali Mohammadie Kojour M, Baliarsingh S, Jang HA, Yun K, Park KB, Lee JE, Han YS, Patnaik BB, Jo YH. Current knowledge of immune priming in invertebrates, emphasizing studies on Tenebrio molitor. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104284. [PMID: 34619174 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrates rely on the most sophisticated adaptive immunity to defend themselves against various pathogens. This includes immunologic memory cells, which mount a stronger and more effective immune response against an antigen after its first encounter. Unlike vertebrates, invertebrates' defense completely depends on the innate immunity mechanisms including humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore, the invertebrate equivalent of the memory cells was discovered only recently. Since the discovery of transgenerational immune priming (TGIP) in crustaceans, numerous findings have proven the IP in invertebrate classes such as insects. TGIP can be induced through maternal priming pathways such as transcriptional regulation of antimicrobial peptides, and also paternal IP including the induction of proPO system activity. We appraise the diversity and specificity of IP agents to provide sustained immunologic memory in insects, particularly T. molitor in the review. An understanding of IP (more so TGIP) response in T. molitor will deepen our knowledge of invertebrate immunity, and boost the mass-rearing industry by reducing pathogen infection rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ali Mohammadie Kojour
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Snigdha Baliarsingh
- PG Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India
| | - Ho Am Jang
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Keunho Yun
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Ki Beom Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- PG Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India.
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duggan BM, Tamrakar AK, Barra NG, Anhê FF, Paniccia G, Wallace JG, Stacey HD, Surette MG, Miller MS, Sloboda DM, Schertzer JD. Gut microbiota-based vaccination engages innate immunity to improve blood glucose control in obese mice. Mol Metab 2021; 55:101404. [PMID: 34839023 PMCID: PMC8693341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity and diabetes increase circulating levels of microbial components derived from the gut microbiota. Individual bacterial factors (i.e., postbiotics) can have opposing effects on blood glucose. Methods We tested the net effect of gut bacterial extracts on blood glucose in mice using a microbiota-based vaccination strategy. Results Male and female mice had improved glucose and insulin tolerance five weeks after a single subcutaneous injection of a specific dose of a bacterial extract obtained from the luminal contents of the upper small intestine (SI), lower SI, or cecum. Injection of mice with intestinal extracts from germ-free mice revealed that bacteria were required for a microbiota-based vaccination to improve blood glucose control. Vaccination of Nod1−/−, Nod2−/−, and Ripk2−/− mice showed that each of these innate immune proteins was required for bacterial extract injection to improve blood glucose control. A microbiota-based vaccination promoted an immunoglobulin-G (IgG) response directed against bacterial extract antigens, where subcutaneous injection of mice with the luminal contents of the lower SI elicited a bacterial extract-specific IgG response that is compartmentalized to the lower SI of vaccinated mice. A microbiota-based vaccination was associated with an altered microbiota composition in the lower SI and colon of mice. Lean mice only required a single injection of small intestinal-derived bacterial extract, but high fat diet (HFD)-fed, obese mice required prime-boost bacterial extract injections for improvements in blood glucose control. Conclusions Subversion of the gut barrier by vaccination with a microbiota-based extract engages innate immunity to promote long-lasting improvements in blood glucose control in a dose-dependent manner. Subcutaneous injection of gut bacterial extracts improved blood glucose control in mice. Microbiota-based vaccination engaged NOD1-NOD2-RIPK2 to alter blood glucose. Microbiota-based vaccination promoted a proximal gut IgG response. Microbiota-based vaccination altered the composition of the gut microbiome. Obese mice required prime-boost injections to improve blood glucose control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fernando F Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gabriella Paniccia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jessica G Wallace
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Hannah D Stacey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guo Z, Zhang Z, Prajapati M, Li Y. Lymphopenia Caused by Virus Infections and the Mechanisms Beyond. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091876. [PMID: 34578457 PMCID: PMC8473169 DOI: 10.3390/v13091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections can give rise to a systemic decrease in the total number of lymphocytes in the blood, referred to as lymphopenia. Lymphopenia may affect the host adaptive immune responses and impact the clinical course of acute viral infections. Detailed knowledge on how viruses induce lymphopenia would provide valuable information into the pathogenesis of viral infections and potential therapeutic targeting. In this review, the current progress of viruses-induced lymphopenia is summarized and the potential mechanisms and factors involved are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Guo
- State Key Laboratory on Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Meera Prajapati
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (M.P.)
- National Animal Health Research Centre, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +28-85528276
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gaevert JA, Luque Duque D, Lythe G, Molina-París C, Thomas PG. Quantifying T Cell Cross-Reactivity: Influenza and Coronaviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:1786. [PMID: 34578367 PMCID: PMC8472275 DOI: 10.3390/v13091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
If viral strains are sufficiently similar in their immunodominant epitopes, then populations of cross-reactive T cells may be boosted by exposure to one strain and provide protection against infection by another at a later date. This type of pre-existing immunity may be important in the adaptive immune response to influenza and to coronaviruses. Patterns of recognition of epitopes by T cell clonotypes (a set of cells sharing the same T cell receptor) are represented as edges on a bipartite network. We describe different methods of constructing bipartite networks that exhibit cross-reactivity, and the dynamics of the T cell repertoire in conditions of homeostasis, infection and re-infection. Cross-reactivity may arise simply by chance, or because immunodominant epitopes of different strains are structurally similar. We introduce a circular space of epitopes, so that T cell cross-reactivity is a quantitative measure of the overlap between clonotypes that recognize similar (that is, close in epitope space) epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ann Gaevert
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Daniel Luque Duque
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.L.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Grant Lythe
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.L.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Carmen Molina-París
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.L.D.); (G.L.)
- T-6, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Paul Glyndwr Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes comprise a mixture of naive and memory cells. Generation and survival of these T-cell subsets is under strict homeostatic control and reflects contact with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and certain cytokines. Naive T cells arise in the thymus via T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent positive selection to self-peptide/MHC complexes and are then maintained in the periphery through self-MHC interaction plus stimulation via interleukin-7 (IL-7). By contrast, memory T cells are largely MHC-independent for their survival but depend strongly on stimulation via cytokines. Whereas typical memory T cells are generated in response to foreign antigens, some arise spontaneously through contact of naive precursors with self-MHC ligands; we refer to these cells as memory-phenotype (MP) T cells. In this review, we discuss the generation and homeostasis of naive T cells and these two types of memory T cells, focusing on their relative interaction with MHC ligands and cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawabe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Barathan M, Girija ASS, Shankar EM, Vadivelu J. Hijacking of the Host's Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718719. [PMID: 34456925 PMCID: PMC8384953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease for which no licensed vaccine is available thus far. The host-pathogen interactions in B. pseudomallei infection largely remain the tip of the iceberg. The pathological manifestations are protean ranging from acute to chronic involving one or more visceral organs leading to septic shock, especially in individuals with underlying conditions similar to COVID-19. Pathogenesis is attributed to the intracellular ability of the bacterium to ‘step into’ the host cell’s cytoplasm from the endocytotic vacuole, where it appears to polymerize actin filaments to spread across cells in the closer vicinity. B. pseudomallei effectively evades the host’s surveillance armory to remain latent for prolonged duration also causing relapses despite antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, eradication of intracellular B. pseudomallei is highly dependent on robust cellular immune responses. However, it remains ambiguous why certain individuals in endemic areas experience asymptomatic seroconversion, whereas others succumb to sepsis-associated sequelae. Here, we propose key insights on how the host’s surveillance radars get commandeered by B. pseudomallei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Mariappan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muttiah Barathan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A S Smiline Girija
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Masina N, Bekiswa A, Shey M. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in natural immunity and vaccination against infectious diseases in humans. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:1-5. [PMID: 33773437 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are subsets of T cells abundant in human mucosal tissues and in blood. These cells are activated directly by cytokines or by vitamin B metabolites antigen presentation. MAIT cells possess antimicrobial potential against viruses and bacteria through production of cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. MAIT cells generally reduce in numbers and function during viral and bacterial infections/diseases. Mice and humans lacking MAIT cells cannot effectively control bacterial infections. MAIT cells respond rapidly to infections and are rapidly recruited to the site of vaccination or infection including the lungs where they can be involved in controlling local inflammation. These characteristics of MAIT cells offer them a unique potential to be explored as potential targets for vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nomawethu Masina
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abulele Bekiswa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muki Shey
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bessler S, Hess K, Weigt H, von Ramin M. Biological transformation-battery protection inspired by wound healing. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2021; 16:056008. [PMID: 34233318 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges for electric vehicle safety and mobility is the development of battery protection mechanisms that are able to cope with irregular and unpredictable heating of the battery unit. Biological protection mechanisms are considered to be one of the most effective and resilient mechanisms due to their ability to react dynamically and adaptively to unpredictable disturbances. Consequently, biological systems can be viewed as models for high resiliency that provide inspiration for tackling issues such as excessive resource consumption or low technical resilience. This study demonstrates the improvement of the safety of an electric vehicle battery system inspired by wound healing and pain reflex response, which are among the most important protective mechanisms of the human body system. In particular, the individual mechanisms are systematically characterized, their underlying principles identified and transferred to a simulated battery system using a novel attribute-based method. As a result, the detection of irregular heating is improved and cooling of the battery system is more efficient. Further, this example can be used to explain how protective mechanisms that contribute to the resilience of biological systems can be abstracted and transferred to different technical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bessler
- Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI, Am Klingelberg 1, 79588 Efringen-Kirchen, Germany
| | - Katharina Hess
- Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI, Am Klingelberg 1, 79588 Efringen-Kirchen, Germany
| | - Henning Weigt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte von Ramin
- Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI, Am Klingelberg 1, 79588 Efringen-Kirchen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tak Y, Kaur M, Amarowicz R, Bhatia S, Gautam C. Pulse Derived Bioactive Peptides as Novel Nutraceuticals: A Review. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Duprez JS, Cohen M, Li S, Wilson D, Brookes RH, James DA. Immunocartography: Charting vaccine-driven immunity by applying single cell proteomics to an in vitro human model. J Immunol Methods 2021; 495:113083. [PMID: 34089747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to measure immunomodulatory effects of a vaccine is crucial for novel vaccine design. While traditional animal models have been effective, a better understanding of the response in humans to new vaccines in pre-clinical development is critical for advancement to clinical trials. A translational methodology that can capture the complexity of a vaccine-driven response in a human model, which does not require human exposure, is needed. Here we have designed a platform that uses fresh human whole blood as a key component to study the adaptive immune memory response to vaccine formulations. The response is monitored by high-parameter single cell analysis using mass cytometry (Helios, CyTOF System), allowing for a rapid, in-depth characterization of antigen specific proliferation and expansion of preexisting memory T cells in concert with an innate adjuvant-driven response. In this work we demonstrate the capability of this platform to characterize biologically relevant changes in the cellular response across memory T-cells, B cells, monocytes, and NK cells, at an unprecedented level of detail. This approach that we call Immunocartography has the potential to transform the way new vaccines can be assessed before and throughout clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Duprez
- Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, Ontario M2R 3T4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Michael Cohen
- Fluidigm Corporation, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Stephen Li
- Fluidigm Corporation, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Derek Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - D Andrew James
- Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, Ontario M2R 3T4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu K, Zheng X, Yao Z, Zheng Z, Huang W, Mu X, Sun F, Liu Z, Zheng J. Accumulation of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14304-14321. [PMID: 34016791 PMCID: PMC8202838 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is characterized by high immunogenicity and infiltration of immune cells. CD45RO+CD8+ T cells are well known as a critical role in host defense of the immune environment. However, their role in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unknown. To elucidate the clinical importance of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells in ccRCC as well as its underlying mechanism, we analyzed several types of peripheral immune cells from 274 patients with ccRCC who have received radical or partial nephrectomy and 350 healthy people. Flow cytomety assays showed there was no significant difference in the proportions of CD8+ T cells and its subtypes other than CD45RO+/CD45RA+CD8+ cells. Both gene and protein expression levels of CD45RO in ccRCC tissues were decreased. CD45RO+CD8+ T cells showed increased proliferative abilities but decreased apoptotic abilities through MAPK signaling activation in ccRCC. High expression level of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells inhibited ccRCC progression, including proliferation, invasion, as well as autophagy of ccRCC through many signaling pathways. Bioinformatics and immunohistochemical chip analysis measured gene and protein levels of CD45RO and other related proteins. The combination of UCHL1, HMGB3, and CD36 has diagnostic value in ccRCC and is able to predict prognosis. Collectively, CD45RO+CD8+ T cells play a critical role in ccRCC progression and may be regarded as clinical indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xinyi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhixian Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xingyu Mu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Saleem AF, Mach O, Yousafzai MT, Kazi Z, Baig A, Sajid M, Jeyaseelan V, Sutter RW, Zaidi AKM. One-Year Decline of Poliovirus Antibodies Following Fractional-Dose Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:1214-1221. [PMID: 32798224 PMCID: PMC8030725 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractional dose (one-fifth of full intramuscular dose) of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (fIPV) administered intradermally is used as IPV dose-sparing strategy. We compared the rate of decline of poliovirus antibodies (PVA) in recipients of 2 doses of fIPV or IPV. METHODS A community-based randomized controlled trial was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Children aged 14 weeks were randomized into fIPV or full IPV (study arms A, B) and received 1 vaccine dose at age 14 weeks and 1 at age 9 months. PVAs were measured at age 14, 18 weeks and 10, 21 months. RESULTS Seroprevalence of poliovirus type 2 antibodies in 170/250 (68%) children after 2 IPV or fIPV doses at age 10 months in A and B reached 100% vs 99% (P = .339), and at 21 months, 86% vs 67% (P = .004). Between age 10 and 21 months antibody log2 titers dropped from ≥ 10.5 to 6.8 in A and from 9.2 to 3.7 in B. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant decline in antibody titers 12 months following the second IPV dose. The slope of decline was similar for full IPV and fIPV recipients. The results provide further evidence that fIPV is a viable option for IPV dose-sparing. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03286803.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ondrej Mach
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Vishali Jeyaseelan
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roland W Sutter
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anita K M Zaidi
- Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Díez P, Pérez-Andrés M, Bøgsted M, Azkargorta M, García-Valiente R, Dégano RM, Blanco E, Mateos-Gomez S, Bárcena P, Santa Cruz S, Góngora R, Elortza F, Landeira-Viñuela A, Juanes-Velasco P, Segura V, Manzano-Román R, Almeida J, Dybkaer K, Orfao A, Fuentes M. Dynamic Intracellular Metabolic Cell Signaling Profiles During Ag-Dependent B-Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637832. [PMID: 33859640 PMCID: PMC8043114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human B-cell differentiation has been extensively investigated on genomic and transcriptomic grounds; however, no studies have accomplished so far detailed analysis of antigen-dependent maturation-associated human B-cell populations from a proteomic perspective. Here, we investigate for the first time the quantitative proteomic profiles of B-cells undergoing antigen-dependent maturation using a label-free LC-MS/MS approach applied on 5 purified B-cell subpopulations (naive, centroblasts, centrocytes, memory and plasma B-cells) from human tonsils (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006191). Our results revealed that the actual differences among these B-cell subpopulations are a combination of expression of a few maturation stage-specific proteins within each B-cell subset and maturation-associated changes in relative protein expression levels, which are related with metabolic regulation. The considerable overlap of the proteome of the 5 studied B-cell subsets strengthens the key role of the regulation of the stoichiometry of molecules associated with metabolic regulation and programming, among other signaling cascades (such as antigen recognition and presentation and cell survival) crucial for the transition between each B-cell maturation stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Díez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Martín Pérez-Andrés
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Rosa M Dégano
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sheila Mateos-Gomez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paloma Bárcena
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Santiago Santa Cruz
- Service of Otolaryngology and Cervical Facial Pathology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Góngora
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Derio, Spain
| | - Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Victor Segura
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Proteomics and BioInformatics Unit, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julia Almeida
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Karen Dybkaer
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Elastic Bioresorbable Polymeric Capsules for Osmosis-Driven Delayed Burst Delivery of Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030434. [PMID: 33807062 PMCID: PMC8004877 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-administration vaccine delivery systems are intended to improve the efficiency and efficacy of immunisation programs in both human and veterinary medicine. In this work, an osmotically triggered delayed delivery device was developed that was able to release a payload after a delay of approximately 21 days, in a consistent and reproducible manner. The device was constructed out of a flexible poly(ε-caprolactone) photo-cured network fabricated into a hollow tubular shape, which expelled approximately 10% of its total payload within 2 days after bursting. Characterisation of the factors that control the delay of release demonstrated that it was advantageous to adjust material permeability and device wall thickness over manipulation of the osmogent concentration in order to maintain reproducibility in burst delay times. The photo-cured poly(ε-caprolactone) network was shown to be fully degradable in vitro, and there was no evidence of cytotoxicity after 11 days of direct contact with primary dermal fibroblasts. This study provides strong evidence to support further development of flexible biomaterials with the aim of continuing improvement of the device burst characteristics in order to provide the greatest chance of the devices succeeding with in vivo vaccine booster delivery.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hendaus MA, Jomha FA. mRNA Vaccines for COVID-19: A Simple Explanation. Qatar Med J 2021; 2021:07. [PMID: 33643864 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2021.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
41
|
Zhang Y, Ma S, Liu X, Xu Y, Zhao J, Si X, Li H, Huang Z, Wang Z, Tang Z, Song W, Chen X. Supramolecular Assembled Programmable Nanomedicine As In Situ Cancer Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007293. [PMID: 33448050 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using nanotechnology for improving the immunotherapy efficiency represents a major research interest in recent years. However, there are paradoxes and obstacles in using a single nanoparticle to fulfill all the requirements in the complicated immune activation processes. Herein, a supramolecular assembled programmable immune activation nanomedicine (PIAN) for sequentially finishing multiple steps after intravenous injection and eliciting robust antitumor immunity in situ is reported. The programmable nanomedicine is constructed by supramolecular assembly via host-guest interactions between poly-[(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-aspartamide]-Pt(IV)/β-cyclodextrin (PPCD), CpG/polyamidoamine-thioketal-adamantane (CpG/PAMAM-TK-Ad), and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-thioketal-adamantane (mPEG-TK-Ad). After intravenous injection and accumulation at the tumor site, the high level of reactive oxygen species in the tumor microenvironment promotes PIAN dissociation and the release of PPCD (mediating tumor cell killing and antigen release) and CpG/PAMAM (mediating antigen capturing and transferring to the tumor-draining lymph nodes). This results in antigen-presenting cell activation, antigen presentation, and robust antitumor immune responses. In combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody, the PIAN cures 40% of mice in a colorectal cancer model. This PIAN provides a new framework for designing programmable nanomedicine as in situ cancer vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xinming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xinghui Si
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Road, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The development of vaccines is one of the greatest medical interventions in the history of global infectious diseases and has contributed to the annual saving of at least 2 to 3 million lives worldwide. However, many diseases are not preventable through currently available vaccines, and the potential of modulating the immune response during vaccination has not been fully exploited. The first golden age of vaccines was based on the germ theory and the use of live, attenuated, inactivated pathogens or toxins. New strategies and formulations (e.g., adjuvants) with an immunomodulatory capacity to enhance the protective qualities and duration of vaccines have been incompletely exploited. These strategies can prevent disease and improve protection against infectious diseases, modulate the course of some noncommunicable diseases, and increase the immune responses of patients at a high risk of infection, such as the elderly or immunocompromised patients. In this minireview, we focus on how metabolic and epigenetic modulators can amplify and enhance the function of immunity in a given vaccine. We propose the term “amplifier” for such additives, and we pose that future vaccines will have three components: antigen, adjuvant, and amplifier.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mullins GN, Valentine KM, Al-Kuhlani M, Davini D, Jensen KDC, Hoyer KK. T cell signaling and Treg dysfunction correlate to disease kinetics in IL-2Rα-KO autoimmune mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21994. [PMID: 33319815 PMCID: PMC7738527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-2Rα, in part, comprises the high affinity receptor for IL-2, a cytokine important in immune proliferation, activation, and regulation. IL-2Rα deficient mice (IL-2Rα-KO) develop systemic autoimmune disease and die from severe anemia between 18 and 80 days of age. These mice develop kinetically distinct autoimmune progression, with approximately a quarter dying by 21 days of age and half dying after 30 days. This research aims to define immune parameters and cytokine signaling that distinguish cohorts of IL-2Rα-KO mice that develop early- versus late-stage autoimmune disease. To investigate these differences, we evaluated complete blood counts (CBC), antibody binding of RBCs, T cell numbers and activation, hematopoietic progenitor changes, and signaling kinetics, during autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and bone marrow failure. We identified several alterations that, when combined, correlate to disease kinetics. Early onset disease correlates with anti-RBC antibodies, lower hematocrit, and reduced IL-7 signaling. CD8 regulatory T cells (Tregs) have enhanced apoptosis in early disease. Further, early and late end stage disease, while largely similar, had several differences suggesting distinct mechanisms drive autoimmune disease kinetics. Therefore, IL-2Rα-KO disease pathology rates, driven by T cell signaling, promote effector T cell activation and expansion and Treg dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve N Mullins
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Kristen M Valentine
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Mufadhal Al-Kuhlani
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Dan Davini
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Kirk D C Jensen
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Katrina K Hoyer
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Recombinant Enterovirus 71 Viral Protein 1 Fused to a Truncated Newcastle Disease Virus NP (NPt) Carrier Protein. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040742. [PMID: 33297428 PMCID: PMC7762238 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major causative agent in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and it mainly infects children worldwide. Despite the risk, there is no effective vaccine available for this disease. Hence, a recombinant protein construct of truncated nucleocapsid protein viral protein 1 (NPt-VP1198–297), which is capable of inducing neutralizing antibody against EV71, was evaluated in a mouse model. Truncated nucleocapsid protein Newcastle disease virus that was used as immunological carrier fused to VP1 of EV71 as antigen. The recombinant plasmid carrying corresponding genes was constructed by recombinant DNA technology and the corresponding protein was produced in Escherichia coli expression system. The recombinant NPt-VP1198–297 protein had elicited neutralizing antibodies against EV71 with the titer of 1:16, and this result is higher than the titer that is elicited by VP1 protein alone (1:8). It was shown that NPt containing immunogenic epitope(s) of VP1 was capable of inducing a greater functional immune response when compared to full-length VP1 protein alone. It was capable to carry larger polypeptide compared to full-length NP protein. The current study also proved that NPt-VP1198–297 protein can be abundantly produced in recombinant protein form by E. coli expression system. The findings from this study support the importance of neutralizing antibodies in EV71 infection and highlight the potential of the recombinant NPt-VP1198–297 protein as EV71 vaccine.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ghorbani A, Zare F, Sazegari S, Afsharifar A, Eskandari MH, Pormohammad A. Development of a novel platform of virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine against COVID-19 by exposing epitopes: an immunoinformatics approach. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100786. [PMID: 33072338 PMCID: PMC7556220 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a rapidly spreading and highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic with unprecedented social and economic dimensions. Therefore, the development of effective strategies is urgent to control the COVID-19 outbreak. According to recent investigations, cell entry of coronaviruses relies on binding of the viral spike glycoprotein to the host cellular receptors. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict immunogenic epitopes in silico by analysing the spike protein. In parallel, by screening the immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived epitopes provided in the literature, we chose a set of epitopes that we believed would induce immunogenic response. Next, provided with the epitopes selected by using both approaches, we performed immunoinformatic analysis that mapped identically to the antigen regions and antigenic properties. Finally, after selecting a screened set of epitopes, we designed a novel virus-like particle vaccine optimized to be produced in plants by using molecular farming biotechnology techniques. Our assay may be used as a starting point for guiding experimental efforts towards the development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ghorbani
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Zare
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Sazegari
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Afsharifar
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M H Eskandari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Pormohammad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xu W, Wong G, Hwang YY, Larbi A. The untwining of immunosenescence and aging. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:559-572. [PMID: 33165716 PMCID: PMC7665974 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From a holistic point of view, aging results from the cumulative erosion of the various systems. Among these, the immune system is interconnected to the rest as immune cells are present in all organs and recirculate through bloodstream. Immunosenescence is the term used to define the remodelling of immune changes during aging. Because immune cells-and particularly lymphocytes-can further differentiate after their maturation in response to pathogen recognition, it is therefore unclear when senescence is induced in these cells. Additionally, it is also unclear which signals triggers senescence in immune cells (i) aging per se, (ii) specific response to pathogens, (iii) underlying conditions, or (iv) inflammaging. In this review, we will cover the current knowledge and concepts linked to immunosenescence and we focus this review on lymphocytes and T cells, which represent the typical model for replicative senescence. With the evidence presented, we propose to disentangle the senescence of immune cells from chronological aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glenn Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - You Yi Hwang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ahmed R, Crespo I, Tuyaerts S, Bekkar A, Graciotti M, Xenarios I, Kandalaft LE. Predicting combinations of immunomodulators to enhance dendritic cell-based vaccination based on a hybrid experimental and computational platform. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2217-2227. [PMID: 32952936 PMCID: PMC7475195 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have been largely used in the adjuvant setting for the treatment of cancer, however, despite their proven safety, clinical outcomes still remain modest. In order to improve their efficacy, DC-based vaccines are often combined with one or multiple immunomodulatory agents. However, the selection of the most promising combinations is hampered by the plethora of agents available and the unknown interplay between these different agents. To address this point, we developed a hybrid experimental and computational platform to predict the effects and immunogenicity of dual combinations of stimuli once combined with DC vaccination, based on the experimental data of a variety of assays to monitor different aspects of the immune response after a single stimulus. To assess the stimuli behavior when used as single agents, we first developed an in vitro co-culture system of T cell priming using monocyte-derived DCs loaded with whole tumor lysate to prime autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of the chosen stimuli, as single adjuvants, and characterized the elicited response assessing 18 different phenotypic and functional traits important for an efficient anti-cancer response. We then developed and applied a prediction algorithm, generating a ranking for all possible dual combinations of the different single stimuli considered here. The ranking generated by the prediction tool was then validated with experimental data showing a strong correlation with the predicted scores, confirming that the top ranked conditions globally significantly outperformed the worst conditions. Thus, the method developed here constitutes an innovative tool for the selection of the best immunomodulatory agents to implement in future DC-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ahmed
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Vital-IT group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amel Bekkar
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Graciotti
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Torequl Islam M, Nasiruddin M, Khan IN, Mishra SK, Kudrat-E-Zahan M, Alam Riaz T, Ali ES, Rahman MS, Mubarak MS, Martorell M, Cho WC, Calina D, Docea AO, Sharifi-Rad J. A Perspective on Emerging Therapeutic Interventions for COVID-19. Front Public Health 2020; 8:281. [PMID: 32733837 PMCID: PMC7362761 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses with an unusual large RNA genome and a unique replication mechanism, which are characterized by club-like spikes that protrude from their surface. An outbreak of a novel coronavirus 2019 infection has posed significant threat to the health and economies in the whole world. This article reviewed the viral replication, pathogenicity, prevention and treatment strategies. With a lack of approved treatment options for this virus, alternative approaches to control the spread of disease is in urgent need. This article also covers some management strategies which may be applied to this virus outbreak. Ongoing clinical studies related to possible treatments for COVID-19, potential vaccines, and alternative medication such as natural compounds are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nasiruddin
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Ishaq N. Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | | | - Thoufiqul Alam Riaz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Eunus S. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - M. Safiur Rahman
- Environmental and Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
In mammals, adaptive immunity is mediated by a broadly diverse repertoire of naive B and T lymphocytes that recirculate between secondary lymphoid organs. Initial antigen exposure promotes lymphocyte clonal expansion and differentiation, including the formation of memory cells. Antigen-specific memory cells are maintained at higher frequencies than their naive counterparts and have different functional and homing abilities. Importantly, a subset of memory cells, known as tissue-resident memory cells, is maintained without recirculating in nonlymphoid tissues, often at barrier surfaces, where they can be reactivated by antigen and rapidly perform effector functions that help protect the tissue in which they reside. Although antigen-experienced B cells are abundant at many barrier surfaces, their characterization as tissue-resident memory B (BRM) cells is not well developed. In this study, we describe the characteristics of memory B cells in various locations and discuss their possible contributions to immunity and homeostasis as bona fide BRM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rameeza Allie
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ayaz F, Ocakoglu K. Differential effects of aminochlorin derivatives on the phagocytic and inflammatory potentials of mammalian macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 873:172980. [PMID: 32032600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chlorin derivatives have been known for their biological activities. Especially due to their advanced electron transfer capacity they have been used as photodynamic therapy agent both at clinical and laboratory scales. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer or an infectious disease aims the development of less side effect on the patient since the activation of the inert drug molecule will start only after the light treatment. In order to increase our library of photodynamic therapy agents, we generated a set of chlorin derivatives and tested their PDT potential on the immune system cells; macrophages. Macrophages are known for their primary role as an inflammatory cell type that have been found in the inflamed tissues of the patients with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders as well as in the tumor environment as tumor associated macrophages. Our derivatives had anti-inflammatory PDT potential in the presence of a danger mimic but they lacked immunostimulatory effect. Moreover, these cells' ability to eliminate an infectious agent or present the danger molecules to the other immune cells were tested by phagocytosis assay in the presence of our compounds. Chlorin derivatives were able to differentially regulate the phagocytic activity of the mammalian macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, 33110, Turkey.
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, 33400, Tarsus, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|