1
|
Ahuja S, Sugandha S, Kumar R, Zaheer S, Singh M. Seasonal variation of HbA1c levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Pract Lab Med 2024; 40:e00396. [PMID: 38711868 PMCID: PMC11070616 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2024.e00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) serves as a pivotal marker for long-term glycemic control. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) established its relevance, yet gaps exist in understanding potential seasonal variations in HbA1c levels among diabetic patients. The study highlights the need to explore potential seasonal variations in HbA1c levels and their impact on diabetic patients. Materials and methods This is an observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital from January to December 2019, the study analyzed HbA1c levels in 8138 patients. Blood samples were collected using Potassium EDTA-containing vials and processed with an automated analyzer. Seasonal variations were explored using time series analysis. Results Mean HbA1c levels peaked during the monsoon (June to September) and were lowest in autumn (October to November). Subgroup analysis revealed differences in patients with HbA1c values below and above 6.5 %. Those with controlled blood sugar showed higher levels in winter (December to February) and monsoon (June to September), while patients with HbA1c values ≥ 6.5 % exhibited significantly lower levels in monsoon (June to September) and autumn (October to November) compared to summer (March to May). Conclusion In contrast to global trends, Indian patients demonstrated distinct seasonal variations in HbA1c levels. The highest levels during the monsoon (June to September) may be linked to reduced outdoor activity and dietary changes. The study emphasizes the need for tailored diabetes management considering seasonal influences. Further extensive, longitudinal studies across diverse Indian regions are recommended to comprehensively grasp the impact of seasonal changes on diabetes outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sugandha Sugandha
- Department of Pathology, GS Medical College and Hospital, Pilkhuwa, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukul Singh
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Role of Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Diabetes: Lessons from Animal Models and Humans. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040922. [PMID: 36839280 PMCID: PMC9963658 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of diabetes mellitus patients is increasing rapidly worldwide. Diet and nutrition are strongly believed to play a significant role in the development of diabetes mellitus. However, the specific dietary factors and detailed mechanisms of its development have not been clearly elucidated. Increasing evidence indicates the intestinal microbiota is becoming abundantly apparent in the progression and prevention of insulin resistance in diabetes. Differences in gut microbiota composition, particularly butyrate-producing bacteria, have been observed in preclinical animal models as well as human patients compared to healthy controls. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may disrupt intestinal barrier functions and alter host metabolic pathways, directly or indirectly relating to insulin resistance. In this article, we focus on dietary fat, diabetes, and gut microbiome characterization. The promising probiotic and prebiotic approaches to diabetes, by favorably modifying the composition of the gut microbial community, warrant further investigation through well-designed human clinical studies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Domingo-Relloso A, Gribble MO, Riffo-Campos AL, Haack K, Cole SA, Tellez-Plaza M, Umans JG, Fretts AM, Zhang Y, Fallin MD, Navas-Acien A, Everson TM. Epigenetics of type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related outcomes in the Strong Heart Study. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:177. [PMID: 36529747 PMCID: PMC9759920 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has dramatically increased in the past years. Increasing evidence supports that blood DNA methylation, the best studied epigenetic mark, is related to diabetes risk. Few prospective studies, however, are available. We studied the association of blood DNA methylation with diabetes in the Strong Heart Study. We used limma, Iterative Sure Independence Screening and Cox regression to study the association of blood DNA methylation with fasting glucose, HOMA-IR and incident type 2 diabetes among 1312 American Indians from the Strong Heart Study. DNA methylation was measured using Illumina's MethylationEPIC beadchip. We also assessed the biological relevance of our findings using bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS Among the 358 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) that were cross-sectionally associated either with fasting glucose or HOMA-IR, 49 were prospectively associated with incident type 2 diabetes, although no DMPs remained significant after multiple comparisons correction. Multiple of the top DMPs were annotated to genes with relevant functions for diabetes including SREBF1, associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin sensitivity; ABCG1, involved in cholesterol and phospholipids transport; and HDAC1, of the HDAC family. (HDAC inhibitors have been proposed as an emerging treatment for diabetes and its complications.) CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that differences in peripheral blood DNA methylation are related to cross-sectional markers of glucose metabolism and insulin activity. While some of these DMPs were modestly associated with prospective incident type 2 diabetes, they did not survive multiple testing. Common DMPs with diabetes epigenome-wide association studies from other populations suggest a partially common epigenomic signature of glucose and insulin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Matthew O. Gribble
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Angela L. Riffo-Campos
- grid.412163.30000 0001 2287 9552Millennium Nucleus On Sociomedicine (SocioMed) and Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile ,grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XDepartment of Computer Science, ETSE, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Karin Haack
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- grid.250889.e0000 0001 2215 0219Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason G. Umans
- grid.415232.30000 0004 0391 7375MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD USA ,grid.440590.cGeorgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC USA
| | - Amanda M. Fretts
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - M. Daniele Fallin
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY USA
| | - Todd M. Everson
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wrench E, Rattley K, Lambert JE, Killick R, Hayes LD, Lauder RM, Gaffney CJ. There is no dose-response relationship between the amount of exercise and improvement in HbA1c in interventions over 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:1399-1415. [PMID: 35930075 PMCID: PMC9519659 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aerobic exercise is well recognised as an effective treatment for people with type 2 diabetes but the optimal amount of aerobic exercise to improve glycaemic control remains to be determined. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis and meta-regression was to assess the impact of volume and intensity of aerobic exercise on glycaemic control. METHODS Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up until 15 December 2020 for the terms "aerobic exercise AND glycaemic control", "type 2 diabetes AND exercise", and "exercise AND glycaemic control AND Type 2 diabetes AND randomised control trial". We included (i) randomised control trials of ≥ 12 weeks, (ii) trials where participants had type 2 diabetes and were aged 18 or over, and (iii) the trial reported HbA1c concentrations pre- and post-intervention. Two reviewers selected studies and extracted data. Data are reported as standardised mean difference (SMD) and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. RESULTS A total of 5364 original titles were identified. Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Aerobic exercise reduced HbA1c versus control (SMD = 0.56 (95% CI 0.3-0.82), p < 0.001). There were also significant reductions in BMI (SMD = 0.76 (95% CI 0.25-1.27), p < 0.05). There was no dose-response relationship between improvement in HbA1c and the intensity and volume of the intervention (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Twelve-week or longer aerobic exercise programmes improve glycaemic control and BMI in adults with type 2 diabetes. Longer or more intense interventions appear to confer no additional benefit on HbA1c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Wrench
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Lancaster University, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK.
| | - Kate Rattley
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Lancaster University, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK
| | - Joel E Lambert
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Lancaster University, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK
- East Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, BB2 3HH, UK
| | - Rebecca Killick
- Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| | - Robert M Lauder
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Lancaster University, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Lancaster University, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patel O, Muller CJF, Joubert E, Rosenkranz B, Louw J, Awortwe C. Aspalathin-rich green rooibos tea in combination with glyburide and atorvastatin enhances lipid metabolism in a db/db mouse model. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:963489. [PMID: 36992750 PMCID: PMC10012079 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.963489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), an indigenous South African plant and its major flavonoid, aspalathin, exhibited positive effects on glycemia and dyslipidemia in animal studies. Limited evidence exists on the effects of rooibos extract taken in combination with oral hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering medications. This study investigated the combined effects of a pharmaceutical grade aspalathin-rich green rooibos extract (GRT) with the sulfonylurea, glyburide, and atorvastatin in a type 2 diabetic (db/db) mouse model. Six-week-old male db/db mice and their nondiabetic lean db+ littermates were divided into 8 experimental groups (n=6/group). Db/db mice were treated orally with glyburide (5 mg/kg bodyweight), atorvastatin (80 mg/kg bodyweight) and GRT (100 mg/kg bodyweight) as mono- and combination therapies respectively, for 5 weeks. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was conducted at 3 weeks of treatment. Serum was collected for lipid analyses and liver tissues for histological examination and gene expression. A significant increase in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of the db/db mice compared to their lean counterparts (from 7.98 ± 0.83 to 26.44 ± 1.84, p < 0.0001) was observed. Atorvastatin reduced cholesterol (from 4.00 ± 0.12 to 2.93 ± 0.13, p < 0.05) and triglyceride levels (from 2.77 ± 0.50 to 1.48 ± 0.23, p < 0.05). In db/db mice, the hypotriglyceridemic effect of atorvastatin was enhanced when combined with both GRT and glyburide (from 2.77 ± 0.50 to 1.73 ± 0.35, p = 0.0002). Glyburide reduced the severity and pattern of steatotic lipid droplet accumulation from a mediovesicular type across all lobular areas, whilst combining GRT with glyburide reduced the abundance and severity of lipid droplet accumulation in the centri- and mediolobular areas. The combination of GRT, glyburide and atorvastatin reduced the abundance and severity of lipid accumulation and the intensity score compared to the administered drugs alone. The addition of either GRT or glyburide in combination with atorvastatin had no effect on blood glucose or lipid profiles, but significantly reduced lipid droplet accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oelfah Patel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Christo J. F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Christo J. F. Muller,
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bernd Rosenkranz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Charles Awortwe
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su Z, Zong Z, Deng J, Huang J, Liu G, Wei B, Cui L, Li G, Zhong H, Lin S. Lipid Metabolism in Cartilage Development, Degeneration, and Regeneration. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193984. [PMID: 36235637 PMCID: PMC9570753 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids affect cartilage growth, injury, and regeneration in diverse ways. Diet and metabolism have become increasingly important as the prevalence of obesity has risen. Proper lipid supplementation in the diet contributes to the preservation of cartilage function, whereas excessive lipid buildup is detrimental to cartilage. Lipid metabolic pathways can generate proinflammatory substances that are crucial to the development and management of osteoarthritis (OA). Lipid metabolism is a complicated metabolic process involving several regulatory systems, and lipid metabolites influence different features of cartilage. In this review, we examine the current knowledge about cartilage growth, degeneration, and regeneration processes, as well as the most recent research on the significance of lipids and their metabolism in cartilage, including the extracellular matrix and chondrocytes. An in-depth examination of the involvement of lipid metabolism in cartilage metabolism will provide insight into cartilage metabolism and lead to the development of new treatment techniques for metabolic cartilage damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Su
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Zhixian Zong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinxia Deng
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Guihua Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical Unversity, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Gang Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (S.L.); Tel.: +852-3763-6153 (S.L.)
| | - Sien Lin
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (S.L.); Tel.: +852-3763-6153 (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Could consumption of yam ( Dioscorea) or its extract be beneficial in controlling glycaemia: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:613-624. [PMID: 34521490 PMCID: PMC9346617 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) and its associated extracts have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities and identified as beneficial in the control of glycaemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective was to conduct a systematic search of the literature to investigate whether yam and its extract can improve glycaemia and whether the consumption of yam could be beneficial for managing T2DM. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Population, Invention, Comparison and Outcome framework, three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched using a key term strategy. Strict inclusion criteria were employed to identify all relevant and available studies. The quality of these studies was assessed using SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. Ten studies were included, and all studies consisted of findings from rodent models of diabetes, including animals consuming high fat diets or genetic models of diabetes. All ten studies showed that the consumption of yam and/or its extracts (containing dioscin, dioscorin, diosgenin, DA-9801/02 or Chinese yam polysaccharides) improved glycaemia. These included improvements in fasting blood glucose and reductions in glucose and increase in insulin levels following a glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, significant changes in body weight and adiposity were observed in nine studies, these included improvements in lipid biomarkers in four and reductions in inflammatory markers in one. The current work indicates that the consumption of yam or its extracts can be beneficial for improving blood glucose; however, the molecular mechanism for these effects remains largely unknown. Future trials on human subjects are warranted.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids Inhibit Liver Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Rats by Regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3354062. [PMID: 35845591 PMCID: PMC9279020 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3354062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of liver-related complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly increasing, which affects the physical and mental health of T2DM patients. Mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF) were confirmed to have certain effects on lowering blood glucose and anti-inflammation. In this study, the high-fat diet (HFD) + STZ method was used to establish T2DM rat model and the MLF was administered by gavage for eight weeks. During the experiment, body weight and blood glucose level were measured at different time points. The pathological changes of rat liver were observed by H&E staining. The serum glucolipid metabolic indicators of serum, fasting insulin (FINS), and inflammatory factors levels were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκΒα), p-IκΒα, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/p65 protein in liver tissue were measured by Western Blot. After 8 weeks' MLF treatment, the blood glucose of rats showed a downward trend; glycolipid metabolism level and insulin resistance were improved, which suggested that MLF could improve the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism. The pathological damage and inflammation of the liver in T2DM rats were significantly improved, the levels of related serum inflammatory factors were reduced, and the expression of liver tissue-related proteins was downregulated. Our results indicated that MLF could reduce blood glucose and inhibit the development of liver inflammation. The mechanisms may be associated with the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway to reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in serum.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kavishwar S, Sanaye M, Nair M, Chawda M, Kshirsagar V, Kulkarni YA. The effect of Madhumeha Kusumakar Rasa - an Ayurved medicine - in insulin resistance. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:353-363. [PMID: 34265886 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Madhumeha Kusumakar Rasa (MKR) is an Ayurved formulation having a strong pharmacological base for diabetes management. This study aimed to validate MKR's efficacy in dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance (IR). METHODS Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as the normal control, Group 2 received dexamethasone 1.5 mg/kg (i.p.), Group 3 received dexamethasone and metformin 200 mg/kg (p.o.), and Group 4 received dexamethasone and MKR 236 mg/kg (p.o.). Animals were evaluated for serum glucose levels and glucose tolerance, serum insulin, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS), fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR), and lipid parameters. Pancreas, liver, and kidneys were evaluated for reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These tissues were also evaluated for histopathological changes. RESULTS MKR showed significant improvement in serum glucose and glucose tolerance, serum insulin and HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and FGIR. It also showed a significant improvement in lipid parameters as compared to the dexamethasone-treated group. It prevented depletion of GSH levels and elevation in MDA levels. These effects were supported by histopathological analysis. CONCLUSIONS MKR treatment significantly attenuated dexamethasone-induced IR. This study validates the mechanism of the anti-diabetic potential of MKR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samruddhi Kavishwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani, College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Mrinal Sanaye
- Department of Pharmacology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani, College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Monisha Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani, College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perera SD, Muleta AD, Vlasschaert C, Hegele RA. Preprint servers in lipidology: current status and future role. Curr Opin Lipidol 2022; 33:120-125. [PMID: 34699388 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Preprinting, or the sharing of non-peer reviewed, unpublished scholarly manuscripts, has exploded in all fields of science and medicine over the past 5 years. We searched the literature and evaluated the posting and uptake of preprint publications in the field of lipidology in bioRxiv and medRxiv servers. We also contacted the editorial offices of 20 journals that publish original research in lipidology to gauge their policies on preprints. RECENT FINDINGS All 20 journals contacted indicated that they accepted preprints. As of 31 May 2021, 473 and 231 preprints in lipidology had been submitted to bioRxiv and medRxiv, respectively. About half of all lipidology preprints were related to cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, and/or metabolic diseases (CVMD) and their risk factors, but at least 12 other disease categories were also represented. 16.9% and 1.08% of medRxiv and bioRxiv preprints, respectively, were related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SUMMARY All identified journals accept lipidology themed preprints for submission, removing any barriers authors may have had regarding preprinting. Based on growing experience with preprinting, this trend should encourage increased community feedback and facilitate higher quality lipidology research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shehan D Perera
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London
| | - Ayana D Muleta
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London
| | | | - Robert A Hegele
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ding Z, Zhao Y, Liu J, Ge W, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang J. Dietary Succinoglycan Riclin Improves Glycemia Control in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1819-1829. [PMID: 35132858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Riclin is a typical succinoglycan produced by an agrobacterium isolate. Our previous investigation has revealed that oral riclin restores the islet function in type 1 diabetic mice. However, whether dietary riclin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown. Here, we found that dietary riclin (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (55 and 67%), improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased insulin resistance in high-fat-diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2D. Riclin reduced the proportion of T helper 1 cell subsets in diabetic mice, alleviated pancreatic inflammation, and protected islet function. Moreover, dietary riclin enriched the diversity of gut microflora and restored the relative abundance of several bacterial genera in diabetes, including the strains of Clostridium, Parasutterella, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides. In db/db diabetic mice, riclin also improves glycemia control as observed in HFD/STZ-induced T2D mice. These data suggest that riclin has potential to be a functional food to treat T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karandish M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Mohammadi SM, Cheraghian B, Azhdari M. Curcumin and zinc co-supplementation along with a loss-weight diet can improve lipid profiles in subjects with prediabetes: a multi-arm, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:22. [PMID: 35090529 PMCID: PMC8796182 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the major public health concerns. Prediabetes can increase the risk of developing some non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Given the increasing trend of prediabetes, it is critical to control it and prevent its complications. Curcumin is a major bioactive component of turmeric. Zinc is an antioxidant nutrient. The present trial aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin and zinc co-supplementation along with a loss-weight diet on serum lipid profiles in overweight or obese patients with prediabetes. METHODS Eighty-four participants were randomized to four groups (curcumin (500 mg/day), zinc (30 mg/day), "curcumin and zinc", and placebo) for 90 days. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), non-HDL, HDL/LDL ratio, weight, BMI, waist circumstance (WC), hip circumstance (HC), physical activity (PA) and dietary intake were determined pre and post-intervention. This study will be conducted at Yazd Diabetes Research Clinic, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. RESULTS Totally, 82 participants were included in the final analysis. After the adjusted PA effect, changes in serum TG (adjusted p = 0.001), LDL (adjusted p = 0.035), non-HDL (adjusted p = 0.003), HDL/LDL ratio (adjusted p = 0.002), and HDL (adjusted p < 0.0001) revealed a significant difference between the groups. However, the changes in weight (adjusted p = 0.004) and BMI (adjusted p = 0.006) were significant but the changes in dietary intake, PA, WC, and HC were non-significant (adjusted p ≥ 0.05). Despite that there was a significant difference for post-intervention HDL levels (adjusted p = 0.016), other lipid profiles showed no significant difference (adjusted p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of "curcumin and zinc" co-supplementation was reported for the changes of some lipid profiles (TG, LDL, HDL, non-HDL, and HDL to LDL ratio), BMI, and weight with no positive effects on TC, dietary intake, PA, WC, and HC. Therefore, it may play a potential role in the prevention of macro and microvascular complications. Trial registration The project is a registered clinical trial (Registration number: IRCT20190902044671N1, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), registered October 11, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Karandish
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mohammadi
- Associate Professor of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Azhdari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Das D, Kabir ME, Sarkar S, Wann SB, Kalita J, Manna P. Antidiabetic potential of soy protein/peptide: A therapeutic insight. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:276-288. [PMID: 34848240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) harbours high quality proteins which have been evident to exhibit therapeutic properties in alleviating many diseases including but not limited to diabetes and its related metabolic complications. Since diabetes is often manifested with hyperglycemia, impaired energy homeostasis and even low-grade chronic inflammation, plenty of information has raised the suggestion for soy protein supplementation in preventing and controlling these abnormalities. Moreover, clinical intervention studies have established a noteworthy correlation between soy protein intake and lower prevalence of diabetes. Besides soy protein, various soy-derived peptides also have been found to trigger antidiabetic response in different in vitro and in vivo models. Molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic actions of soy protein and peptide have been predicted in many literatures. Results demonstrate that components of soy protein can act in diversified ways and modulate various cell signaling pathways to bring energy homeostasis and to regulate inflammatory parameters associated with diabetic pathophysiology. The main objective of the present review lies in a systemic understanding of antidiabetic role of soy protein and peptide in the context of impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mir Ekbal Kabir
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanjib Sarkar
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sawlang Borsingh Wann
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Research Planning and Business Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Combined Intranasal Insulin/Saxagliptin/Metformin Therapies Ameliorate the Effect of Combined Oral Contraceptive- (COC-) Induced Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) with a Major Target on Glucose Metabolism in Adult Female Wistar Rats. Int J Reprod Med 2021; 2021:9693171. [PMID: 34938803 PMCID: PMC8687792 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9693171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of the chronic use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs: ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel) on the indices of metabolic syndrome in adult female Wistar rats and possible therapeutic management. Materials and Methods 64 female Wistar rats received either distilled water, norethindrone (NOR), COC, intranasal insulin (INI), metformin (MET), saxagliptin (SAX), INI+MET, and INI+SAX. After 8 weeks of exposure to COC, the animals were sorted into the therapeutic groups. Several parameters were assayed for, such as body weight changes, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, insulin levels, inflammatory cytokines, and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac). Results The levels of FBG, insulin, and Hb1Ac were increased consequent upon COC treatment. Treatment with INI+SAX and INI+MET reduced significantly the levels of FBG and Hb1Ac; in addition, the level of insulin was significantly increased in the INI+MET groups (p ≤ 0.05). Serum lipid profile analysis showed a statistical reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level; this reduction was also significantly reversed in the INI+SAX group. Reduced catalase activity observed in the COC group was reversed in the INI+MET group (p ≤ 0.05). A nonsignificant increase in the level of TNF-α as a result of COC treatment was reversed by INI and INI+MET treatment. Liver GLUT4 and G-6-phosphate levels were significantly increased by COC treatment, and this effect was reversed by INI+SAX in both assays, respectively (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions The use of MET and SAX in combination with INI has been shown to reverse some indices of MetS. This study proposes a clinical phase to backup and ascertain these preclinical findings.
Collapse
|
15
|
Urolithins: Diet-Derived Bioavailable Metabolites to Tackle Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124285. [PMID: 34959837 PMCID: PMC8705976 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes remains one of the leading causes of deaths and co-morbidities in the world, with tremendous human, social and economic costs. Therefore, despite therapeutics and technological advancements, improved strategies to tackle diabetes management are still needed. One of the suggested strategies is the consumption of (poly)phenols. Positive outcomes of dietary (poly)phenols have been pointed out towards different features in diabetes. This is the case of ellagitannins, which are present in numerous foodstuffs such as pomegranate, berries, and nuts. Ellagitannins have been reported to have a multitude of effects on metabolic diseases. However, these compounds have high molecular weight and do not reach circulation at effective concentrations, being metabolized in smaller compounds. After being metabolized into ellagic acid in the small intestine, the colonic microbiota hydrolyzes and metabolizes ellagic acid into dibenzopyran-6-one derivatives, known as urolithins. These low molecular weight compounds reach circulation in considerable concentrations ranging until micromolar levels, capable of reaching target tissues. Different urolithins are formed throughout the metabolization process, but urolithin A, isourolithin A, and urolithin B, and their phase-II metabolites are the most frequent ones. In recent years, urolithins have been the focus of attention in regard to their effects on a multiplicity of chronic diseases, including cancer and diabetes. In this review, we will discuss the latest advances about the protective effects of urolithins on diabetes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yudhani RD, Nugrahaningsih DAA, Sholikhah EN, Mustofa M. The Molecular Mechanisms of Hypoglycemic Properties and Safety Profiles of Swietenia Macrophylla Seeds Extract: A Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is known as the root cause of type 2 diabetes; hence, it is a substantial therapeutic target. Nowadays, studies have shifted the focus to natural ingredients that have been utilized as a traditional diabetes treatment, including Swietenia macrophylla. Accumulating evidence supports the hypoglycemic activities of S. macrophylla seeds extract, although its molecular mechanisms have yet to be well-established.
AIM: This review focuses on the hypoglycemic molecular mechanisms of S. macrophylla seeds extract and its safety profiles.
METHODS: An extensive search of the latest literature was conducted from four main databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) using several keywords: “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and diabetes;” “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and oxidative stress;” “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and inflammation;” “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and GLUT4;” and “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and toxicities.”
RESULTS: The hypoglycemic activities occur through modulating several pathways associated with IR and T2D pathogenesis. The seeds extract of S. macrophylla modulates oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances while increasing antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). Another propose mechanism is the modulating of the inflammatory pathway by attenuating nuclear factor kappa β, tumor necrosis factor α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2. Some studies have shown that the extract can also control phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/ Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway by inducing glucose transporter 4, while suppressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity studies supported the safety profile of S. macrophylla seeds extract with the LD50 higher than 2000 mg/kg.
CONCLUSION: The potential of S. macrophylla seeds as antidiabetic candidate is supported by many studies that have documented their non-toxic and hypoglycemic effects, which involve several molecular pathways.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abubakar A, Nazifi AB, Maje IM, Tanko Y, Anuka JA, Abdurahman EM. Chlorophytum alismifolium mitigates microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the involvement of oxidative stress and aldose reductase. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:69-80. [PMID: 35385895 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlorophytum alismifolium (C. alismifolium) tubers are used in the management of diabetes. This research evaluated the effect of ethylacetate extract of C. alismifolium (EACA) on microvascular complications and the possible association of oxidative stress and aldose reductase in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS C. alismifolium tubers were subjected to sequential extraction until ethylacetate extract was obtained using a soxhlet apparatus. The LD50 was determined using the OECD 425 guideline. The animals were placed on high fat diet for 42 days and then induced with hyperglycaemia using 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Diabetic neuropathy was evaluated using thermal and mechanical methods. Serum was used for the assessment of oxidative stress markers and biochemical markers of retinopathy and nephropathy. Serum aldose reductase was investigated by utilizing the principle of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The median lethal dose of EACA was assessed to be above 5,000 mg/kg and it caused no mortality. Treatment with EACA significantly reduced the withdrawal times in both thermal and mechanical hyperalgesic methods (p<0.05). EACA also significantly reduced the levels of urea (p<0.001), albumin (p<0.05) and uric acid (p<0.001) in hyperglycaemic rats. EACA significantly decreased the amounts of low density lipoprotein and triglycerides (p<0.001). There was a remarkable elevation in the levels of high density lipoprotein (p<0.05). A significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of magnesium was observed in the EACA-treated groups. EACA significantly increased catalase (p<0.05) and reduced malondialdehyde levels (p<0.05). The levels of aldose reductase was significantly (p<0.001) reduced by EACA compared to the hyperglycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS The ethylacetate extract of C. alismifolium has beneficial effects in alleviating microvascular complications of diabetes through the inhibition of oxidative stress and aldose reductase in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Idris Mohammed Maje
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Tanko
- Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Akpojo Anuka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abubakar A, Nazifi AB, Maje IM, Tanko Y, Anuka JA, Abdurahman EM. Chlorophytum alismifolium mitigates microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the involvement of oxidative stress and aldose reductase. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2021-0129. [PMID: 34392635 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2021-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlorophytum alismifolium (C. alismifolium) tubers are used in the management of diabetes. This research evaluated the effect of ethylacetate extract of C. alismifolium (EACA) on microvascular complications and the possible association of oxidative stress and aldose reductase in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS C. alismifolium tubers were subjected to sequential extraction until ethylacetate extract was obtained using a soxhlet apparatus. The LD50 was determined using the OECD 425 guideline. The animals were placed on high fat diet for 42 days and then induced with hyperglycaemia using 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Diabetic neuropathy was evaluated using thermal and mechanical methods. Serum was used for the assessment of oxidative stress markers and biochemical markers of retinopathy and nephropathy. Serum aldose reductase was investigated by utilizing the principle of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The median lethal dose of EACA was assessed to be above 5,000 mg/kg and it caused no mortality. Treatment with EACA significantly reduced the withdrawal times in both thermal and mechanical hyperalgesic methods (p<0.05). EACA also significantly reduced the levels of urea (p<0.001), albumin (p<0.05) and uric acid (p<0.001) in hyperglycaemic rats. EACA significantly decreased the amounts of low density lipoprotein and triglycerides (p<0.001). There was a remarkable elevation in the levels of high density lipoprotein (p<0.05). A significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of magnesium was observed in the EACA-treated groups. EACA significantly increased catalase (p<0.05) and reduced malondialdehyde levels (p<0.05). The levels of aldose reductase was significantly (p<0.001) reduced by EACA compared to the hyperglycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS The ethylacetate extract of C. alismifolium has beneficial effects in alleviating microvascular complications of diabetes through the inhibition of oxidative stress and aldose reductase in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Idris Mohammed Maje
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Tanko
- Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Akpojo Anuka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jang HR, Lee HY. Mechanisms linking gut microbial metabolites to insulin resistance. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:730-744. [PMID: 34168724 PMCID: PMC8192250 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the rate-limiting step in the development of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. The gut microbiota has been implicated in host energy metabolism and metabolic diseases and is recognized as a quantitatively important organelle in host metabolism, as the human gut harbors 10 trillion bacterial cells. Gut microbiota break down various nutrients and produce metabolites that play fundamental roles in host metabolism and aid in the identification of possible therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases. Therefore, understanding the various effects of bacterial metabolites in the development of insulin resistance is critical. Here, we review the mechanisms linking gut microbial metabolites to insulin resistance in various insulin-responsive tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Jang
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Hui-Young Lee
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ullagaddi MB, Patil BM, Khanal P. Beneficial effect of Zingiber officinale on olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic changes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:41-48. [PMID: 34178822 PMCID: PMC8212323 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Zingiber officinale (ZO) extract on weight gain, food intake, locomotor activity, and lipid and glucose metabolism in olanzapine-treated rats. METHODS The hydroalcoholic extract of ZO was prepared by macerating the coarse dry powder in 70% v/v ethanol for 7 days, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Animals were divided into six groups containing six animals in each. Three doses of extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were co-administered with olanzapine 2 mg/kg i.p for 21 days. Bodyweight and food intake were recorded at the interval of three days and locomotor activity once a week. At the end of the study oral glucose tolerance test was performed followed by the estimation of lipid profile. RESULTS Co-administration of hydroalcoholic extract of ZO with olanzapine ameliorated olanzapine-induced weight gain and hyperphagia. Similarly, ZO extract also improved pancreatic β-cell function and glucose and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS ZO extract ameliorated olanzapine-induced weight gain and hyperphagia by improving pancreatic β-cell functions and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjaya B. Ullagaddi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - B. M. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Babu SN, Govindarajan S, Vijayalakshmi MA, Noor A. Role of zonulin and GLP-1/DPP-IV in alleviation of diabetes mellitus by peptide/polypeptide fraction of Aloe vera in streptozotocin- induced diabetic wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113949. [PMID: 33610707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Aloe has a long history of usage in medicine. Aloe barbadensis Miller, commonly known as Aloe vera, is said to possess anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, immunomodulation, wound healing properties. AIM OF THE STUDY In diabetes mellitus, loss in intestinal permeability is observed with high levels of zonulin and low levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) leading to hyperglycemia. The aim of the study was to understand the role of peptide/polypeptide fraction (PPF) of Aloe vera in the alleviation of diabetes through maintaining the intestinal permeability by regulating the zonulin and GLP-1 levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PPF of Aloe vera was obtained through trichloroacetic acid precipitation. The anti-diabetic potential of the PPF was tested through DPP-IV inhibition, glucose diffusion assay, and by using Rin-m5F cells. The anti-diabetic potential of the PPF was tested at a dose of 0.450 mg/kg bw in vivo using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. The effect of PPF on fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, Zonulin, GLP-1, DPP-IV, levels were studied in diabetic rats. The histopathological studies of the pancreas, small intestine, and liver were carried out for organ-specific effects. RESULTS PPF has the ability to reduce fasting plasma glucose levels with concomitant increase in insulin levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. It was also observed that increase in GLP-1 levels with a decrease in DPP-IV and zonulin levels thereby mitigating the loss of intestinal permeability. These findings correlate with the small intestine's histopathological observation where the excessive proliferation of epithelium in the small intestine of diabetic rats was reduced after PPF treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the PPF of Aloe vera alleviates diabetes through islet cell rejuvenation via GLP-1/DPP-IV pathway and thereby suggesting the usage of PPF as an alternate medicine for diabetes mellitus with the possibility to reduce the intestinal permeability and zonulin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthy N Babu
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - S Govindarajan
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - M A Vijayalakshmi
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Ayesha Noor
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Serum soluble epoxide hydrolase related oxylipins and major depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 126:105149. [PMID: 33503568 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for depression. Both conditions are associated with disturbances in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can be converted into bioactive epoxides by cytochrome P450s (CYP450), which play pro-resolving roles in the inflammatory response; however, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) metabolizes epoxides into diols, which lack pro-resolving functions and can be cytotoxic. Here, we survey serum CYP450- and sEH-derived metabolite concentrations in people with T2DM with and without a major depressive episode. METHODS Sunnybrook Type 2 Diabetes Study (NCT04455867) participants experiencing a major depressive episode (research version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 criteria) were matched 1:1 for gender, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and body mass index to participants without a current depressive episode. Depression severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory 2nd Edition (BDI-II). From fasting morning blood, unesterified serum oxylipins were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry following solid phase extraction, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Between 20 depressed and 20 non-depressed participants (mean age 58.9 ± 8.5 years, 65% women) with T2DM, several sEH-derived fatty acid diols, but not IL-6, were higher among those with a depressive episode (effect sizes up to d = 0.796 for 17,18-DiHETE, a metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]; t = 2.516, p = 0.016). Among people with a depressive episode, two epoxides were correlated with lower BDI-II scores: 12(13)-EpOME (ρ = -0.541, p = 0.014) and 10(11)-EpDPE (ρ = -0.444, p = 0.049), metabolites of linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively, while the ratio of 12,13-DiHOME/12(13)-EpOME was correlated with higher BDI-II scores (ρ = 0.513, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS In people with T2DM, major depressive episodes and depressive symptom severity were associated with an oxylipin profile consistent with elimination of pro-resolving lipid mediators by sEH.
Collapse
|
23
|
The effect of Pulicaria crispa ethanolic extract on haematological and biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Bhattamisra SK, Koh HM, Lim SY, Choudhury H, Pandey M. Molecular and Biochemical Pathways of Catalpol in Alleviating Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020323. [PMID: 33672590 PMCID: PMC7924042 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa is a potent antioxidant and investigated against many disorders. This review appraises the key molecular pathways of catalpol against diabetes mellitus and its complications. Multiple search engines including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were used to retrieve publications containing the keywords “Catalpol”, “Type 1 diabetes mellitus”, “Type 2 diabetes mellitus”, and “diabetic complications”. Catalpol promotes IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT2 activity and suppresses Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) expression in the liver. Catalpol induces myogenesis by increasing MyoD/MyoG/MHC expression and improves mitochondria function through the AMPK/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ and TFAM signaling in skeletal muscles. Catalpol downregulates the pro-inflammatory markers and upregulates the anti-inflammatory markers in adipose tissues. Catalpol exerts antioxidant properties through increasing superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity in the pancreas and liver. Catalpol has been shown to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis properties that in turn bring beneficial effects in diabetic complications. Its nephroprotective effect is related to the modulation of the AGE/RAGE/NF-κB and TGF-β/smad2/3 pathways. Catalpol produces a neuroprotective effect by increasing the expression of protein Kinase-C (PKC) and Cav-1. Furthermore, catalpol exhibits a cardioprotective effect through the apelin/APJ and ROS/NF-κB/Neat1 pathway. Catalpol stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells in high glucose condition. Lastly, catalpol shows its potential in preventing neurodegeneration in the retina with NF-κB downregulation. Overall, catalpol exhibits numerous beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +60-3-2731-7310; Fax: +60-3-8656-7229
| | - Hui Min Koh
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.M.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Shin Yean Lim
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.M.K.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (H.C.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gora IM, Ciechanowska A, Ladyzynski P. NLRP3 Inflammasome at the Interface of Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Type 2 Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020314. [PMID: 33546399 PMCID: PMC7913585 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), accounting for 90–95% cases of diabetes, is characterized by chronic inflammation. The mechanisms that control inflammation activation in T2DM are largely unexplored. Inflammasomes represent significant sensors mediating innate immune responses. The aim of this work is to present a review of links between the NLRP3 inflammasome, endothelial dysfunction, and T2DM. The NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase-1, which leads to the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and interleukin 18. In this review, we characterize the structure and functions of NLRP3 inflammasome as well as the most important mechanisms and molecules engaged in its activation. We present evidence of the importance of the endothelial dysfunction as the first key step to activating the inflammasome, which suggests that suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome could be a new approach in depletion hyperglycemic toxicity and in averting the onset of vascular complications in T2DM. We also demonstrate reports showing that the expression of a few microRNAs that are also known to be involved in either NLRP3 inflammasome activation or endothelial dysfunction is deregulated in T2DM. Collectively, this evidence suggests that T2DM is an inflammatory disease stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, studies revealing the role of glucose concentration in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome are analyzed. The more that is known about inflammasomes, the higher the chances to create new, effective therapies for patients suffering from inflammatory diseases. This may offer potential novel therapeutic perspectives in T2DM prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
26
|
Al Duhaidahawi D, Hasan SA, Al Zubaidy HFS. Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes and Mechanism to Ameliorate Blood Glucose Levels. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e120720188794. [PMID: 33290200 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666201207200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For thousands of years, natural food products have been used as a medicine for treating diseases that affect the human body, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Lately, several investigations have been performed on the flavonoid derivatives of plant origin, and their biological activity has been extensively studied. METHODS Given our need to know more mechanisms for treating DM, we performed a thorough research review on treating diabetes mellitus based on flavonoids, their therapeutic potential, and biological action. RESULTS Flavonoids reduce complications in addition to their vital role as effective supplements for preventing diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, a protein kinase inhibitor, PPAR, and AMPK with NF-κB. CONCLUSION The articles that we reviewed showed the positive role of flavonoids, which in a certain way reduce diabetes, but their side effects still need to be studied further.This review is focused on describing the different types of dietary flavonoids along with their mechanisms of reducing blood glucose and enhancing insulin sensitivity, as well as their side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunya Al Duhaidahawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Samer A Hasan
- Pharmacognacy, Pharmacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stott NL, Marino JS. High Fat Rodent Models of Type 2 Diabetes: From Rodent to Human. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123650. [PMID: 33261000 PMCID: PMC7761287 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor dietary habits contribute to increased incidences of obesity and related co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). The biological, genetic, and pathological implications of T2D, are commonly investigated using animal models induced by a dietary intervention. In spite of significant research contributions, animal models have limitations regarding the translation to human pathology, which leads to questioning their clinical relevance. Important considerations include diet-specific effects on whole organism energy balance and glucose and insulin homeostasis, as well as tissue-specific changes in insulin and glucose tolerance. This review will examine the T2D-like phenotype in rodents resulting from common diet-induced models and their relevance to the human disease state. Emphasis will be placed on the disparity in percentages and type of dietary fat, the duration of intervention, and whole organism and tissue-specific changes in rodents. An evaluation of these models will help to identify a diet-induced rodent model with the greatest clinical relevance to the human T2D pathology. We propose that a 45% high-fat diet composed of approximately one-third saturated fats and two-thirds unsaturated fats may provide a diet composition that aligns closely to average Western diet macronutrient composition, and induces metabolic alterations mirrored by clinical populations.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang S, Ji X, Zhang Z, Xue F. Relationship between Lipid Profiles and Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Qingdao, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155317. [PMID: 32718055 PMCID: PMC7432328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was the best indicator of glycemic control, which did not show the dynamic relationship between glycemic control and lipid profiles. In order to guide the health management of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), we assessed the levels of lipid profiles and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and displayed the relationship between FPG control and lipid profiles. We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 5822 participants. Descriptive statistics were conducted according to gender and glycemic status respectively. Comparisons for the control of lipid profiles were conducted according to glycemic control. Four logistic regression models were generated to analyze the relationship between lipid profiles and glycemic control according to different confounding factors. The metabolic control percentage of FPG, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 27.50%, 73.10%, 28.10%, 64.20% and 44.80% respectively. In the fourth model with the most confounding factors, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were 0.989 (0.935, 1.046), 0.862 (0.823, 0.903), 0.987 (0.920, 1.060) and 2.173 (1.761, 2.683). TC and HDL-C were statistically significant, and TG and LDL-C were not statistically significant with adjustment for different confounding factors. In conclusion, FPG was significantly associated with HDL and TC and was not associated with LDL and TG. Our findings suggested that TC and HDL should be focused on in the process of T2D health management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shukang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; (S.W.); (X.J.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, 12550, Erhuandong Street, Jinan 250002, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaokang Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; (S.W.); (X.J.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, 12550, Erhuandong Street, Jinan 250002, Shandong, China
| | - Zhentang Zhang
- Qingdao West Coast New District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 567, Lingshanwan Street, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266400, China;
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; (S.W.); (X.J.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, 12550, Erhuandong Street, Jinan 250002, Shandong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0531-88380280; Fax: +86-0531-88382553
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Muzurović E, Mikhailidis DP. Impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors on blood pressure and lipid profile. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:2125-2135. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1795132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emir Muzurović
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- University of Montenegro Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Palmitate-induced toxicity is associated with impaired mitochondrial respiration and accelerated oxidative stress in cultured cardiomyocytes: The critical role of coenzyme Q 9/10. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104948. [PMID: 32683093 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function concomitant to enhanced oxidative stress-induced damage are well established mechanisms involved in hyperlipidemia-induced cardiotoxicity. Currently, limited information is available on the direct effect of myocardial lipid overload on endogenous coenzyme Q9/10 (CoQ9/10) levels in association with mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress status. Here, such effects were explored by exposing H9c2 cardiomyocytes to various doses (0.15 to 1 mM) of palmitate for 24 h. The results demonstrated that palmitate doses ≥0.25 mM are enough to impair mitochondrial respiration and cause oxidative stress. Although endogenous CoQ9/10 levels are enhanced by palmitate doses ≤0.5 mM, this is not enough to counteract oxidative stress, but is sufficient to maintain cell viability of cardiomyocytes. Palmitate doses >0.5 mM caused severe mitochondrial toxicity, including reduction of cell viability. Interestingly, enhancement of CoQ9/10 levels with the lowest dose of palmitate (0.15 mM) was accompanied by a significantly reduction of CoQ9 oxidation status, as well as low cytosolic production of reactive oxygen species. From the overall findings, it appears that CoQ9/10 response may be crucial to improve mitochondrial function in conditions linked to hyperlipidemia-induced insult. Confirmation of such findings in relevant in vivo models remains essential to better understand the cardioprotective effects in association with improving endogenous CoQ9/10 content.
Collapse
|
31
|
Mukai Y, Kataoka S, Sato S. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Extract Affects Plasma Lipid Metabolism and Hepatic Macrophage Infiltration in Diabetic Rats. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190114153933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Chronic hyperglycemia is known to be a high-risk factor for progressive
chronic liver diseases, such as abnormal lipid metabolism. The activation of AMP-activated protein
kinase (AMPK) has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia. Polyphenols derived from various plants are
involved in AMPK activation.
Objective:
We investigated the effects of polyphenol-containing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) extract
(SE) on plasma lipid metabolism and macrophage infiltration, and measured the expression and
phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in diabetic rat livers.
Methods:
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received 0, 50, or 250 mg/kg of SE orally for 4 weeks.
Blood chemistry, total and phosphorylated protein levels of AMPK and ACC, sterol regulatory element-
binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA and protein levels, and macrophage infiltration in the
livers were examined.
Results:
Plasma glucose and triacylglycerol levels, which were increased in the untreated diabetic
rats, were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg SE-treated diabetic rats. AMPK and ACC phosphorylation
levels were significantly increased in the 250 mg/kg SE-treated diabetic rats compared with
those in the untreated rats. There was no difference in the hepatic expression of SREBP-1c between
the diabetic rat groups. Macrophage infiltration in the liver was suppressed by 250 mg/kg of SEtreatment.
Conclusion:
These data suggest that SE treatment may affect plasma lipid metabolism and chronic
inflammation by upregulating phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in diabetic rat livers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka Mukai
- Department of Food Hygiene and Function, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Work, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saori Kataoka
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guest PC. The Impact of New Biomarkers and Drug Targets on Age-Related Disorders. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2138:3-28. [PMID: 32219738 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the human lifespan has not been paralleled by an increase in healthy life. With the increase in the proportion of the aged population, there has been a natural increase in the prevalence of age-related disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, frailty, and various other disorders. A continuous rise in these conditions could lead to a widespread medical and social burden. There are now considerable efforts underway to address these deficits in preclinical and clinical studies, which include the use of better study cohorts, longitudinal designs, improved translation of data from preclinical models, multi-omics profiling, identification of new biomarker candidates and refinement of computational tools and databases containing relevant information. Such efforts will support future interdisciplinary studies and help to identify potential new targets that are amenable to therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological interventions to increase the human healthspan in parallel with the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Reyes-Caballero H, Rao X, Sun Q, Warmoes MO, Lin P, Sussan TE, Park B, Fan TWM, Maiseyeu A, Rajagopalan S, Girnun GD, Biswal S. Air pollution-derived particulate matter dysregulates hepatic Krebs cycle, glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17423. [PMID: 31757983 PMCID: PMC6874681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM2.5) is well established as a risk factor for cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Both epidemiologic and controlled exposure studies in humans and animals have demonstrated an association between air pollution exposure and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Given the central role of the liver in peripheral glucose homeostasis, we exposed mice to filtered air or PM2.5 for 16 weeks and examined its effect on hepatic metabolic pathways using stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) following a bolus of 13C6-glucose. Livers were analyzed for the incorporation of 13C into different metabolic pools by IC-FTMS or GC-MS. The relative abundance of 13C-glycolytic intermediates was reduced, suggesting attenuated glycolysis, a feature found in diabetes. Decreased 13C-Krebs cycle intermediates suggested that PM2.5 exposure led to a reduction in the Krebs cycle capacity. In contrast to decreased glycolysis, we observed an increase in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway and 13C incorporations suggestive of enhanced capacity for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to examine 13C6-glucose utilization in the liver following PM2.5 exposure, prior to the onset of insulin resistance (IR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermes Reyes-Caballero
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Qiushi Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 1095V.A. Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Marc O Warmoes
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 1095V.A. Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Penghui Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 1095V.A. Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Tom E Sussan
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Public Health Center, Toxicology Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, USA
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 1095V.A. Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Girnun
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, BST 8-140, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mahlangu T, Dludla PV, Nyambuya TM, Mxinwa V, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Cirilli I, Marcheggiani F, Tiano L, Louw J, Nkambule BB. A systematic review on the functional role of Th1/Th2 cytokines in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic complications. Cytokine 2019; 126:154892. [PMID: 31704479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The T-helper (Th1/Th2) paradigm is widely studied for its role in modulating an adaptive immune response, especially in relation to the onset of various autoimmune diseases. In fact, emerging evidence clearly shows an inverse relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokines and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) complications, which is accelerated by an exacerbated inflammatory state. Here, relevant studies reporting on any association between the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines and the development of T2D were retrieved through major electronic databases such as The Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed. Extracted evidence which mostly involved animal models and human subjects with T2D or metabolic syndrome was assessed for quality and risk of bias using the Downs and Black checklist and Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. Results strongly correlated raised Th1/Th2 cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-2/IL-5 ratios to T2D, and this was positively linked with the other complications including retinopathy and cardiovascular complications. Further, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the Th1/Th2 ratios were significantly associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, abnormally enhanced lipid profiles, and insulin resistance. Although more studies making use of a larger sample size are required, current data suggest that optimal modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines may be an important aspect in the management of T2D and its associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thabsile Mahlangu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Tawanda M Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia.
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Szafraniec E, Tott S, Kus E, Augustynska D, Jasztal A, Filipek A, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Vibrational spectroscopy-based quantification of liver steatosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
36
|
Meex RCR, Blaak EE, van Loon LJC. Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of both insulin resistance and muscle atrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1205-1217. [PMID: 31240819 PMCID: PMC6852205 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and muscle mass loss often coincide in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Most patients with type 2 diabetes are overweight, and it is well established that obesity and derangements in lipid metabolism play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in these individuals. Specifically, increased adipose tissue mass and dysfunctional adipose tissue lead to systemic lipid overflow and to low-grade inflammation via altered secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Furthermore, an increased flux of fatty acids from the adipose tissue may contribute to increased fat storage in the liver and in skeletal muscle, resulting in an altered secretion of hepatokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. Recent studies suggest that obesity and lipid derangements in adipose tissue can also lead to the development of muscle atrophy, which would make insulin resistance and muscle atrophy two sides of the same coin. Unfortunately, the exact relationship between lipid accumulation, type 2 diabetes, and muscle atrophy remains largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to discuss the relationship between type 2 diabetes and muscle loss and to discuss some of the joint pathways through which lipid accumulation in organs may affect peripheral insulin sensitivity and muscle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C R Meex
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hendley MA, Murphy KP, Isely C, Struckman HL, Annamalai P, Gower RM. The host response to poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds protects mice from diet induced obesity and glucose intolerance. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119281. [PMID: 31260882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Underlying metabolic disease is poor adipose tissue function characterized by impaired glucose tolerance and low expression of health promoting adipokines. Currently, no treatments specifically target the adipose tissue and we are investigating polymer scaffolds for localized drug delivery as a therapeutic platform. In this work we implanted porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds into the epididymal fat of mice. Surprisingly, "empty" scaffolds decreased blood glucose levels in healthy mice as well as epididymal fat pad size. By injecting a fluorescent glucose tracer into mice, we determined that glucose uptake increases by 60% in epididymal fat pads with scaffolds; in contrast, glucose uptake was not elevated in other major metabolic organs, suggesting the enhanced glucose uptake at the scaffold implant site was responsible for decreased blood glucose levels. Histology indicated increased cellularity and tissue remodeling around the scaffold and we found increased expression of glucose transporter 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1, which are proteins involved in wound healing that can also modulate blood glucose levels through their promotion of glucose uptake. Regarding clinical translation, "empty" scaffolds decreased obesity and improved glucose tolerance in mice fed a high fat diet. These findings demonstrate increased cellular activity in the adipose tissue, such as that associated with the host response to biomaterial implant, is beneficial in mice suffering from metabolic complications of over nutrition, possibly because it mitigates the positive energy balance that leads to the obese, diabetic state. More broadly, this work reaffirms that in addition to the local host response typically investigated, biomaterial implant has systemic physiological effects and suggests that there may be implications for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hendley
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kendall P Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Christopher Isely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Heather L Struckman
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Prakasam Annamalai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - R Michael Gower
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Impact of different dietary approaches on blood lipid control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:837-852. [PMID: 31201670 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary approaches on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by applying network meta-analysis (NMA). Systematic electronic and hand searches were conducted until January 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with an intervention period of ≥ 12 weeks, focussing on adults with T2D, and comparing dietary approaches regarding LDL, HDL or TGs, were included. For each outcome measure, random effects NMA was performed in order to determine the effect of each dietary approach compared to every other dietary intervention. Mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated, and for the ranking, the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) was determined. Additionally, the credibility of evidence was evaluated. 52 RCTs (44 for LDL, 48 for HDL and 52 for TGs) comparing nine dietary approaches (low fat, vegetarian, Mediterranean, high protein, moderate carbohydrate, low carbohydrate, control, low glycaemic index/glycaemic load and Palaeolithic diet) enrolling 5360 T2D patients were included. The vegetarian diet most effectively reduced LDL levels [MD (95% CI): - 0.33 (- 0.55, - 0.12) mmol/L; compared to the control diet]. The Mediterranean diet beneficially raised HDL [MD (95% CI): 0.09 (0.04, 0.15) mmol/L] and decreased TG levels [MD (95% CI): - 0.41 (- 0.72, - 0.10) mmol/L] compared to the control diet. The Mediterranean diet was the most effective dietary approach to manage diabetic dyslipidaemia altogether (SUCRA: 79%). The overall findings are mainly limited by low credibility of evidence.
Collapse
|
39
|
Song Z, Xiaoli AM, Yang F. Regulation and Metabolic Significance of De Novo Lipogenesis in Adipose Tissues. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101383. [PMID: 30274245 PMCID: PMC6213738 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a complex and highly regulated process in which carbohydrates from circulation are converted into fatty acids that are then used for synthesizing either triglycerides or other lipid molecules. Dysregulation of DNL contributes to human diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the lipogenic pathway may provide a new therapeutic opportunity for combating various pathological conditions that are associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism. Hepatic DNL has been well documented, but lipogenesis in adipocytes and its contribution to energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity are less studied. Recent reports have gained significant insights into the signaling pathways that regulate lipogenic transcription factors and the role of DNL in adipose tissues. In this review, we will update the current knowledge of DNL in white and brown adipose tissues with the focus on transcriptional, post-translational, and central regulation of DNL. We will also summarize the recent findings of adipocyte DNL as a source of some signaling molecules that critically regulate energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Song
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fajun Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Progress in Metabonomics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071834. [PMID: 30041493 PMCID: PMC6100487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards and a change in lifestyle, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing. Its etiology is too complex to be completely understand yet. Metabonomics techniques are used to study the changes of metabolites and metabolic pathways before and after the onset of diabetes and make it more possible to further understand the pathogenesis of T2DM and improve its prediction, early diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we summarized the metabonomics study of T2DM in recent years and provided a theoretical basis for the study of pathogenesis and the effective prevention and treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
|
41
|
Park JS, Lee H, Choi BW, Ro S, Lee D, Na JE, Hong JH, Lee JS, Kim BW, Ko YG. An MG53-IRS1-interaction disruptor ameliorates insulin resistance. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 29884820 PMCID: PMC5994830 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) is an E3 ligase that induces insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) ubiquitination and degradation in skeletal muscle. We previously demonstrated that the pharmaceutical disruption of the MG53-IRS-1 interaction improves insulin sensitivity by abrogating IRS-1 ubiquitination and increasing IRS-1 levels in C2C12 myotubes. Here, we developed a novel MG53-IRS-1 interaction disruptor (MID-00935) that ameliorates insulin resistance in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. MID-00935 disrupted the molecular interaction of MG53 and IRS-1, abrogated MG53-induced IRS-1 ubiquitination and degradation and improved insulin signaling in C2C12 myotubes. Oral administration of MID-00935 increased insulin-induced IRS-1, Akt, and Erk phosphorylation via increasing IRS-1 levels in the skeletal muscle of DIO mice. In DIO mice, MID-00935 treatment lowered fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose disposal in glucose and insulin tolerance tests. These results suggest that MID-00935 may be a potential muscle-targeting drug candidate for treating insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sub Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Woon Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonggu Ro
- CrystalGenomics, Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Doyoung Lee
- CrystalGenomics, Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Na
- CrystalGenomics, Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jeoung-Ho Hong
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, INHA University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. .,Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. .,Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Law BA, Hancock WD, Cowart LA. Getting to the heart of the sphingolipid riddle. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 1:111-122. [PMID: 33195889 PMCID: PMC7665081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome induce dyslipidemia resulting in inundation of peripheral organs with fatty acids. These not only serve as substrates for energy production, but also contribute to aberrant production of bioactive lipids. Moreover, lipid metabolism is affected in many cardiac disorders including heart failure, ischemia reperfusion injury, and others. While lipids serve crucial homeostatic roles, perturbing biosynthesis of lipid mediators leads to aberrant cell signaling, which contributes to maladaptive cardiovascular programs. Bioactive sphingolipids, in particular, have been implicated in pathophysiology in the heart and vasculature by a variety of studies in cells, animal models, and humans. Because of the burgeoning interest in sphingolipid-driven biology in the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to discuss the experimental considerations for studying sphingolipid metabolism and signaling, emphasizing the caveats to some widely available experimental tools and approaches. Additionally, there is a growing appreciation for the diversity of ceramide structures generated via specific enzymes and bearing disparate cellular functions. While targeting these individual species and enzymes constitutes a major advance, studies show that sphingolipid synthesis readily adapts to compensate for experimental targeting of any individual pathway, thereby convoluting data interpretation. Furthermore, though some molecular mechanisms of sphingolipid action are known, signaling pathways impacted by sphingolipids remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss these issues and highlight recent studies as well as future directions that may extend our understanding of the metabolism and signaling actions of these enigmatic lipids in the cardiovascular context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britany A Law
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Present Address: Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Duke University, Durham NC
| | - William D. Hancock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhuo J, Zeng Q, Cai D, Zeng X, Chen Y, Gan H, Huang X, Yao N, Huang D, Zhang C. Evaluation of type 2 diabetic mellitus animal models via interactions between insulin and mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathways induced by a high fat and sugar diet and streptozotocin. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5132-5142. [PMID: 29393432 PMCID: PMC5865978 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by insulin resistance (IR), hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, is a comprehensive dysfunction of metabolism. The insulin receptor (INSR)/phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is well acknowledged as a predominant pathway associated with glucose uptake; however, the effect of streptozotocin (STZ) plus a high fat and sugar diet (HFSD) on the proteins associated with this pathway requires further elucidation. In order to explore this effect, a T2DM rat model was constructed to investigate T2DM pathogenesis and potential therapeutic advantages. Rats were randomly divided into control and model groups, including normal diet (ND) and HFSD types. ND types were administered intraperitoneal (IP) injections of STZ (35 mg/kg) or a combination of STZ and alloxan monohydrate (AON) (40 mg/kg), whereas HFSD types were composed of HFSD pre‑given, post‑given and simul‑given groups, and were modeled as follows: IP or intramuscular (IM) injection of STZ (35 mg/kg) or a combination of STZ and AON (40 mg/kg). Results indicated that, compared with controls, blood glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment‑insulin resistance and total triglyceride were significantly elevated in groups with HFSD and modeling agents (P<0.05 or P<0.01), whereas total cholesterol and low‑density lipoprotein levels were significantly elevated in groups simultaneously administered HFSD and modeling agents (P<0.05 or P<0.01), in addition to downregulation of the expression of insulin signaling pathway proteins in the liver, including INSR, PI3K, AKT1, phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4‑kinase type‑2α (PIP5Kα) and glucose transporter (GLUT)2, and increased expression of inflammatory factors, including p38, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)6. Furthermore, compared with other two HFSD types including pre‑given and post‑given group, the simul‑given group that received IM injection with STZ exhibited decreased expression levels of major insulin signal pathway proteins INSR, PI3K, AKT1, PIP5Kα, GLUT2 or GLUT4 in the liver and pancreas (P<0.05 or P<0.01), whereas the opposite was observed in the skeletal muscle. In addition, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated‑p38, p38, IL6 and TNFα in the simul‑given group that received IM injection with STZ were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and histopathology also indicated inflammation in pancreas and liver. The present findings suggest that a low dose of STZ may partially impair the β cells of the pancreas, whereas long‑term excess intake of HFSD may increase lipid metabolites, inhibit the insulin signaling pathway and activate the mitogen‑activated protein kinase p38 signaling pathway. The combined action of STZ and AON may result in insulin resistance, which ultimately results in abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism. The present model, analogue to T2DM onset of humans, evaluated the medical effect on metabolic dysfunction and provides an insight into the underlining mechanism of IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Qiaohuang Zeng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Immunity, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Dake Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Haining Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Dane Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhe Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Supruniuk E, Mikłosz A, Chabowski A. The Implication of PGC-1α on Fatty Acid Transport across Plasma and Mitochondrial Membranes in the Insulin Sensitive Tissues. Front Physiol 2017; 8:923. [PMID: 29187824 PMCID: PMC5694779 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α coactivator plays a decisive role in the maintenance of lipid balance via engagement in numerous metabolic processes (i.e., Krebs cycle, β-oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain). It constitutes a link between fatty acids import and their complete oxidation or conversion into bioactive fractions through the coordination of both the expression and subcellular relocation of the proteins involved in fatty acid transmembrane movement. Studies on cell lines and/or animal models highlighted the existence of an upregulation of the total and mitochondrial FAT/CD36, FABPpm and FATPs content in skeletal muscle in response to PGC-1α stimulation. On the other hand, the association between PGC-1α level or activity and the fatty acids transport in the heart and adipocytes is still elusive. So far, the effects of PGC-1α on the total and sarcolemmal expression of FAT/CD36, FATP1, and FABPpm in cardiomyocytes have been shown to vary in relation to the type of PPAR that was coactivated. In brown adipose tissue (BAT) PGC-1α knockdown was linked with a decreased level of lipid metabolizing enzymes and fatty acid transporters (FAT/CD36, FABP3), whereas the results obtained for white adipose tissue (WAT) remain contradictory. Furthermore, dysregulation in lipid turnover is often associated with insulin intolerance, which suggests the coactivator's potential role as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Burgeiro A, Cerqueira MG, Varela-Rodríguez BM, Nunes S, Neto P, Pereira FC, Reis F, Carvalho E. Glucose and Lipid Dysmetabolism in a Rat Model of Prediabetes Induced by a High-Sucrose Diet. Nutrients 2017. [PMID: 28635632 PMCID: PMC5490617 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity are key features of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their molecular nature during the early stages of the disease remains to be elucidated. We aimed to characterize glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-target organs (liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue) in a rat model treated with a high-sucrose (HSu) diet. Two groups of 16-week-old male Wistar rats underwent a 9-week protocol: HSu diet (n = 10)-received 35% of sucrose in drinking water; Control (n = 12)-received vehicle (water). Body weight, food, and beverage consumption were monitored and glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured. Serum and liver triglyceride concentrations, as well as the expression of genes and proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis were assessed. The insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis were also measured in freshly isolated adipocytes. Even in the absence of obesity, this rat model already presented the main features of prediabetes, with fasting normoglycemia but reduced glucose tolerance, postprandial hyperglycemia, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, as well as decreased insulin sensitivity (resistance) and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, impaired hepatic function, including altered gluconeogenic and lipogenic pathways, as well as increased expression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 and fatty acid synthase in the liver, were observed, suggesting that liver glucose and lipid dysmetabolism may play a major role at this stage of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Burgeiro
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Manuela G Cerqueira
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Bárbara M Varela-Rodríguez
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara Nunes
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula Neto
- Service of Anatomical Pathology, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Flávio Reis
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rhee EJ, Han K, Ko SH, Ko KS, Lee WY. Increased risk for diabetes development in subjects with large variation in total cholesterol levels in 2,827,950 Koreans: A nationwide population-based study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176615. [PMID: 28545051 PMCID: PMC5436642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest a role for hyperlipidemia in the development of diabetes. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between variations of total cholesterol (TC) levels and the risk for type 2 diabetes development from a Korean nationwide population-based database. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the General Health Check-up sub-dataset of the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) of 2,827,950 participants who had at least three health check-ups between 2002 and 2007, and were not reported to have diabetes during that time. The variations of TC levels between the examinations were calculated as follows: [Formula: see text]. The examinees were divided into 10 groups according to TC variation, and the hazard ratio for diabetes development from 2007 to 2013, were analyzed. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 3.4% of the participants had developed diabetes. The hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes development relative to the overall risk in the whole study population started to be higher than 1.0 from eighth decile of TC variation. The highest decile group showed an increased HR for diabetes development after adjustment for confounding variables (1.139; 95% confidence interval 1.116~1.163). These results were similar regardless of the use of anti-hyperlipidemic medication and baseline TC levels. CONCLUSIONS The participants with a large variation in TC levels showed an increased risk for diabetes development, independent of the use of anti-hyperlipidemic medications. These results suggest a relationship between fluctuations in lipid levels and the development of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St.Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ozanne SE, Rahmoune H, Guest PC. Multiplex Biomarker Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Research. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1546:37-55. [PMID: 27896756 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6730-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial condition resulting in high fasting blood glucose levels. Although its diagnosis is straightforward, there is not one set of biomarkers or drug targets that can be used for classification or personalized treatment of individuals who suffer from this condition. Instead, the application of multiplex methods incorporating a systems biology approach is essential in order to increase our understanding of this disease. This chapter reviews the state of the art in biomarker studies of human type 2 diabetes from a proteomic and metabolomic perspective. Our main focus was on biomarkers for disease prediction as these could lead to early intervention strategies for the best possible patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QR, UK.
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Griffiths K, Pazderska A, Ahmed M, McGowan A, Maxwell AP, McEneny J, Gibney J, McKay GJ. Type 2 Diabetes in Young Females Results in Increased Serum Amyloid A and Changes to Features of High Density Lipoproteins in Both HDL 2 and HDL 3. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1314864. [PMID: 28596970 PMCID: PMC5450179 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1314864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an elevated risk of atherosclerosis. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) normally protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD), but this may be attenuated by serum amyloid A (SAA). In a case-control study of young females, blood samples were compared between subjects with T2DM (n = 42) and individuals without T2DM (n = 42). SAA and apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) concentrations, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities were measured in the serum and/or HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions. SAA concentrations were higher in T2DM compared to controls: serum (30 mg/L (17, 68) versus 15 mg/L (7, 36); p = 0.002), HDL2 (1.0 mg/L (0.6, 2.2) versus 0.4 mg/L (0.2, 0.7); p < 0.001), and HDL3, (13 mg/L (8, 29) versus 6 mg/L (3, 13); p < 0.001). Serum-PON-1 activity was lower in T2DM compared to that in controls (38,245 U/L (7025) versus 41,109 U/L (5690); p = 0.043). CETP activity was higher in T2DM versus controls in HDL2 (232.6 μmol/L (14.1) versus 217.1 μmol/L (25.1); p = 0.001) and HDL3 (279.5 μmol/L (17.7) versus 245.2 μmol/L (41.2); p < 0.001). These results suggest that individuals with T2DM have increased SAA-related inflammation and dysfunctional HDL features. SAA may prove to be a useful biomarker in T2DM given its association with elevated CVD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Anne McGowan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | | | - Jane McEneny
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James Gibney
- Department of Endocrinology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Gareth J. McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- *Gareth J. McKay:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Extracts of Magnolia Species-Induced Prevention of Diabetic Complications: A Brief Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101629. [PMID: 27669240 PMCID: PMC5085662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications are the major cause of mortality for the patients with diabetes. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors for the development of many diabetic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have established the anti-inflammatory and oxidative roles of bioactive constituents in Magnolia bark, which has been widely used in the traditional herbal medicines in Chinese society. These findings have attracted various scientists to investigate the effect of bioactive constituents in Magnolia bark on diabetic complications. The aim of this review is to present a systematic overview of bioactive constituents in Magnolia bark that induce the prevention of obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and diabetic complications, including cardiovascular, liver, and kidney.
Collapse
|