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Licaj I, Fiorillo A, Di Meo MC, Varricchio E, Rocco M. Effect of Polyethylene Glycol-Simulated Drought Stress on Stomatal Opening in "Modern" and "Ancient" Wheat Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1575. [PMID: 38891383 PMCID: PMC11174684 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is leading to an increase in the intensity, duration, and frequency of severe droughts, especially in southern and southeastern Europe, thus aggravating water scarcity problems. Water deficit stress harms the growth, physiology, and yield of crops like durum wheat. Hence, studying ancient wheat varieties' stress responses could help identify genetic traits to enhance crop tolerance to environmental stresses. In this background, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PEG 6000-stimulated drought stress in the ancient wheat variety Saragolla and the modern one Svevo by analyzing various biochemical and molecular parameters that can especially condition the stomatal movement. Our data revealed that drought stress caused a significant increase in the levels of total soluble sugars, ABA, and IAA in both selected cultivars to a greater extent in the Saragolla than in the Svevo. We demonstrated that, under water deficit stress, calcium dynamics as well as the expression of ERF109, MAPK3/6, MYB60, and TaTPC1, involved in the activation of drought-related calcium-sensitive pathways, display significant differences between the two varieties. Therefore, our study provided further evidence regarding the ability of the ancient wheat variety Saragolla to better cope with drought stress compared to the modern variety Svevo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva Licaj
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (I.L.); (M.C.D.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Anna Fiorillo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (I.L.); (M.C.D.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (I.L.); (M.C.D.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Mariapina Rocco
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (I.L.); (M.C.D.M.); (E.V.)
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Ghazy MI, El-Naem SA, Hefeina AG, Sallam A, Eltaher S. Genome-Wide Association Study of Rice Diversity Panel Reveals New QTLs for Tolerance to Water Deficit Under the Egyptian Conditions. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:29. [PMID: 38649523 PMCID: PMC11035518 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Drought has a significant impact on rice yield by restricting the crop's ability to grow and develop. Producing rice cultivars adapted to water deficit conditions is still the main interest of rice breeders and geneticists. To address this challenge, a set of 413 highly diverse rice populations were evaluated under normal and water deficit conditions for two growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. High genetic variation was found among genotypes for all studied traits. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.82 (panicle length) to 0.95 (plant height). Sterility percentage (SET%) was the most trait affected by water deficit in two growing seasons. 22 Rice genotypes were classified as drought tolerant in both years. Genome-wide association mapping was performed for all traits in the two growing seasons under both conditions using a total of 700,000 SNPs. The GWAS results revealed important and major SNPs associated with all traits. 26 Significant SNPs with stable allele effects were found to be associated with yield traits under water deficit conditions in both years. The results of this study provided rice genotypes that can be adapted under water deficit conditions and important stable SNP markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection after validation in different genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Ghazy
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Sabry A El-Naem
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G Hefeina
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sallam
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.
| | - Shamseldeen Eltaher
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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Yadav N, Kumar A, Sawariya M, Kumar N, Mehra H, Kumar S, Kaur V, Arya SS. Effect of GA 3 and calcium on growth, biochemical, and fatty acid composition of linseed under chloride-dominated salinity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16958-16971. [PMID: 38326686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of salts in soil is an environmental threat affecting plant growth and crop yield. Linseed or flax is an ancient crop that has multifarious utilities in terms of industrial oil, textile fiber, and products. Salt susceptibility adversely affects linseed production, particularly to meet the growing demand for nutritional and nutraceutical products. In the present study, the ameliorative potential of gibberellic acid (GA3) and calcium (Ca2+) in mitigating the adverse effects of chloride-dominated salinity stress on the growth and physiological and biochemical processes in linseed was determined. Severe salinity treatment (10 dSm-1) resulted in stunted growth of tested linseed genotypes causing a significant reduction in biomass while proline content, phenol, H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and DPPH activity were increased in comparison to control. The exogenous application of 10-6 M GA3 and/or 10 mg CaCl2 kg-1 was found to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress. The mitigation was accomplished through the improvement of growth indicators, increased osmoprotectants such as proline and phenol content, stimulating DPPH activity, and reduction of H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation. The comparative evaluation of different saline treatments imposed individually and in combination with GA3 and Ca2+ revealed that combined GA3 and Ca2+ application exhibited synergistic effects and was most effective in mitigating the negative impacts of salt stress. The present study unravels the ameliorative role of GA3 and Ca2+ (individual or combined) in the physiologic-biochemical adaptive response of linseed plants grown under chloride-dominated salinity and thus aids in a better understanding of the underlying tolerance mechanisms of plants to withstand stress in saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Mamta Sawariya
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Himanshu Mehra
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Vikender Kaur
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
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Pan L, Yang N, Sui Y, Li Y, Zhao W, Zhang L, Mu L, Tang Z. Altitudinal Variation on Metabolites, Elements, and Antioxidant Activities of Medicinal Plant Asarum. Metabolites 2023; 13:1193. [PMID: 38132875 PMCID: PMC10745449 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Asarum (Asarum sieboldii Miq. f. seoulense (Nakai) C. Y. Cheng et C. S. Yang) is a medicinal plant that contains asarinin and sesamin, which possess extensive medicinal value. The adaptation and distribution of Asarum's plant growth are significantly affected by altitude. Although most studies on Asarum have concentrated on its pharmacological activities, little is known about its growth and metabolites with respect to altitude. In this study, the physiology, ionomics, and metabolomics were investigated and conducted on the leaves and roots of Asarum along an altitude gradient, and the content of its medicinal components was determined. The results showed that soil pH and temperature both decreased along the altitude, which restricts the growth of Asarum. The accumulation of TOC, Cu, Mg, and other mineral elements enhanced the photosynthetic capacity and leaf plasticity of Asarum in high-altitude areas. A metabolomics analysis revealed that, at high altitude, nitrogen metabolism in leaves was enhanced, while carbon metabolism in roots was enhanced. Furthermore, the metabolic pathways of some phenolic substances, including syringic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid, were altered to enhance the metabolism of organic acids. The study uncovered the growth and metabolic responses of Asarum to varying altitudes, providing a theoretical foundation for the utilization and cultivation of Asarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liben Pan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.P.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Yushu Sui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Yi Li
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.P.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.P.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China;
| | - Liqiang Mu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (L.P.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
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Guo H, Dong Q, Li S, Cha X, Sun L, Duan H, Li S, Jin Y, Zhang M. Effects of exogenous calcium on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and antioxidant system of Fraxinus malacophylla seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107860. [PMID: 37385031 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Karst ecosystems are becoming increasingly problematic, and high calcium is one of the main characteristics of soils in rocky desertification areas. Chlorophyll fluorescence is one of the most important indicators of the extent to which plants are affected by their environment. There are few reports on the effects of changes in exogenous calcium levels on the chlorophyll fluorescence properties of Fraxinus malacophylla seedlings. In the present study, we investigated the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence properties and antioxidant system of Fraxinus malacophylla seedlings in response to exogenous calcium (as the concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 mmol L-1). The results showed that Ca2+ concentration (25-50 mmol L-1) treatment mainly promoted the growth, biomass accumulation, root activity, and chlorophyll synthesis and effect on chlorophyll fluorescence in Fraxinus malacophylla; the developed root system became a strong linking hub for calcium adaptation. In addition, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) are upregulated and play an important role in preventing excessive oxidative damage. OJIP test parameters changed significantly with the addition of exogenous calcium, and parameters related to each photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre, such as ABS/RC and DIo/RC, increased significantly in the OJIP test, with enhanced function of the PSII electron donor lateral oxygen evolution complex. In conclusion, the addition of exogenous calcium (25-50 mmol L-1) had an important protective effect on the photosynthetic mechanism of Fraxinus malacophylla, promoting photosynthesis, better growth and better adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxian Guo
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Qiong Dong
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
| | - Shimin Li
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Xiaofei Cha
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Huachao Duan
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Shuping Li
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Youfan Jin
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
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Tyagi S, Sharma Y, Sharma A, Pandey A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. Expression of TaNCL2-A ameliorates cadmium toxicity by increasing calcium and enzymatic antioxidants activities in arabidopsis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138636. [PMID: 37040835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the environment and is toxic to both animals and plants. The impact of Cd toxicity is shown to be reduced by the exogenous application of calcium (Ca) in crop plants. The sodium/calcium exchanger-like (NCL) protein is involved in Ca enrichment in the cytoplasm by transporting it from the vacuole in the exchange of cytosolic sodium (Na). However, it has not been utilized to ameliorate the Cd toxicity, to date. An elevated expression of TaNCL2-A gene in the root and shoot tissues of bread wheat seedlings, and a higher growth rate of recombinant yeast cells, suggested its role in Cd stress response. The TaNCL2-A expressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited significant Cd tolerance with increased Ca (∼10-fold) accumulation. The proline content and antioxidant enzymes activities were increased while oxidative stress-related molecules such as H2O2 and MDA were reduced in the transgenic lines. In addition, the growth and yield parameters of transgenic lines such as seed germination rate, root length, leaf biomass, leaf area index, rosette diameter, leaf length and width, and silique count, along with various physiological indicators like chlorophyll, carotenoid, and relative water contents were also improved in comparison to the control plants. Further, the transgenic lines exhibited significant salinity and osmotic stress tolerance, as well. Taken together, these results suggested that the TaNCL2-A could mitigate Cd toxicity along with salinity and osmotic stress. This gene may also be utilized for phytoremediation and Cd sequestration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Tyagi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Yashraaj Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Hamouzová K, Sen MK, Bharati R, Košnarová P, Chawdhery MRA, Roy A, Soukup J. Calcium signalling in weeds under herbicide stress: An outlook. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135845. [PMID: 37035053 PMCID: PMC10080077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The continuous use of herbicides for controlling weeds has led to the evolution of resistance to all major herbicidal modes of action globally. Every year, new cases of herbicide resistance are reported. Resistance is still in progress in many species, which must be stopped before it becomes a worldwide concern. Several herbicides are known to cause stressful conditions that resemble plant abiotic stresses. Variation in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration is a primary event in a wide range of biological processes in plants, including adaptation to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Ca2+ acts as a secondary messenger, connecting various environmental stimuli to different biological processes, especially during stress rejoindering in plants. Even though many studies involving Ca2+ signalling in plants have been published, there have been no studies on the roles of Ca2+ signalling in herbicide stress response. Hence, this mini-review will highlight the possible sensing and molecular communication via Ca2+ signals in weeds under herbicide stress. It will also discuss some critical points regarding integrating the sensing mechanisms of multiple stress conditions and subsequent molecular communication. These signalling responses must be addressed in the future, enabling researchers to discover new herbicidal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hamouzová
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Madhab Kumar Sen
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Excellent Team for Mitigation (E.T.M.), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rohit Bharati
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, The Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavlína Košnarová
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Md Rafique Ahasan Chawdhery
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Amit Roy
- Excellent Team for Mitigation (E.T.M.), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Soukup
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Lu S, Chen Y, Wang S, Han B, Zhao C, Xue P, Zhang Y, Fang H, Wang B, Cao Y. Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals key components of OsCIPK17 overexpression improves drought tolerance in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1043757. [PMID: 36699859 PMCID: PMC9868928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oryza Sativa is one of the most important food crops in China, which is easily affected by drought during its growth and development. As a member of the calcium signaling pathway, CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as environmental stress. However, there is no report on the function and mechanism of OsCIPK17 in rice drought resistance. We combined transcriptional and metabonomic analysis to clarify the specific mechanism of OsCIPK17 in response to rice drought tolerance. The results showed that OsCIPK17 improved drought resistance of rice by regulating deep roots under drought stress; Response to drought by regulating the energy metabolism pathway and controlling the accumulation of citric acid in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; Our exogenous experiments also proved that OsCIPK17 responds to citric acid, and this process involves the auxin metabolism pathway; Exogenous citric acid can improve the drought resistance of overexpression plants. Our research reveals that OsCIPK17 positively regulates rice drought resistance and participates in the accumulation of citric acid in the TCA cycle, providing new insights for rice drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Baohua Wang
- *Correspondence: Baohua Wang, ; Yunying Cao,
| | - Yunying Cao
- *Correspondence: Baohua Wang, ; Yunying Cao,
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Malyukova LS, Koninskaya NG, Orlov YL, Samarina LS. Effects of exogenous calcium on the drought response of the tea plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13997. [PMID: 36061747 PMCID: PMC9435517 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drought is one of the major factors reducing the yield of many crops worldwide, including the tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Calcium participates in most of cellular signaling processes, and its important role in stress detection and triggering a response has been shown in many crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of calcium on the tea plant response to drought. Methods Experiments were conducted using 3-year-old potted tea plants of the best local cultivar Kolkhida. Application of ammonium nitrate (control treatment) or calcium nitrate (Ca treatment) to the soil was performed before drought induction. Next, a 7-day drought was induced in both groups of plants. The following physiological parameters were measured: relative electrical conductivity, pH of cell sap, and concentrations of cations, sugars, and amino acids. In addition, relative expression levels of 40 stress-related and crop quality-related genes were analyzed. Results Under drought stress, leaf electrolyte leakage differed significantly, indicating greater damage to cell membranes in control plants than in Ca-treated plants. Calcium application resulted in greater pH of cell sap; higher accumulation of tyrosine, methionine, and valine; and a greater Mg2+ content as compared to control plants. Drought stress downregulated most of the quality-related genes in both groups of tea plants. By contrast, significant upregulation of some genes was observed, namely CRK45, NAC26, TPS11, LOX1, LOX6, Hydrolase22, DREB26, SWEET2, GS, ADC, DHN2, GOLS1, GOLS3, and RHL41. Among them, three genes (LOX1, RHL41, and GOLS1) showed 2-3 times greater expression in Ca-treated plants than in control plants. Based on these results, it can be speculated that calcium affects galactinol biosynthesis and participates in the regulation of stomatal aperture not only through activation of abscisic-acid signaling but also through jasmonic-acid pathway activation. These findings clarify calcium-mediated mechanisms of drought defense in tree crops. Thus, calcium improves the drought response in the tea tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila S. Malyukova
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Natalia G. Koninskaya
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Yuriy L. Orlov
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia,Digital Health Institute, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiia S. Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia,Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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The Activity of the Durum Wheat (Triticum durum L.) Catalase 1 (TdCAT1) Is Modulated by Calmodulin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081483. [PMID: 36009202 PMCID: PMC9404813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant catalases (CAT) are involved in the cellular scavenging of the reactive oxygen species during developmental processes and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, little is known about the regulation of the CAT activity to ensure efficient antioxidant function. Using bioinformatic analyses, we showed that durum wheat catalase 1 (TdCAT1) harbors highly conserved cation-binding and calmodulin binding (CaMBD) domains which are localized at different positions of the protein. As a result, the catalytic activity of TdCAT1 is enhanced in vitro by the divalent cations Mn2+ and Fe2+ and to a lesser extent by Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+. Moreover, the GST-pull down assays performed here revealed that TdCAT1 bind to the wheat CaM (TdCaM1.3) in a Ca2+-independent manner. Furthermore, the TdCaM1.3/Ca2+ complex is stimulated in a CaM-dose-dependent manner by the catalytic activity of TdCAT1, which is further increased in the presence of Mn2+ cations. The catalase activity of TdCAT1 is enhanced by various divalent cations and TdCaM1.3 in a Ca-dependent manner. Such effects are not reported so far and raise a possible role of CaM and cations in the function of CATs during cellular response to oxidative stress.
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Secondary metabolite pathway of SDG (secoisolariciresinol) was observed to trigger ROS scavenging system in response to Ca2+ stress in cotton. Genomics 2022; 114:110398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hakeem KR, Alharby HF, Pirzadah TB. Exogenously applied calcium regulates antioxidative system and reduces cadmium-uptake in Fagopyrum esculentum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 180:17-26. [PMID: 35367929 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) being macronutrient plays a prominent role in signal transduction during various abiotic stresses. However, their involvements to alleviate heavy metal stress in plants remain evasive. In the present investigation, we found that application of exogenous Ca to Cd-stressed common buckwheat plants reversed the toxic effects of Cd by enhancing root and shoot length, biomass accumulation and reduced Cd-uptake as revealed by the translocation factor (<1), indicating more Cd is restrained in the roots. Moreover, present data also revealed that exogenous Ca significantly alleviated the Cd-induced oxidative damage by enhancing proline by 66.12% and 47.20% respectively in roots and shoots than control. The decline in the total chlorophyll content upon Ca application in Cd-treated plants was found less (38.96%) compared to buckwheat plants treated with Cd-stress alone (80.2%). APX and POD activities increased by 1.97 and 1.44 times in shoots, respectively, and increased by 2.81and 1.33 times in roots, respectively compared to the Cd-treated plants alone. The mineral content (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, P and S) that were suppressed in Cd-treated plants in both root and shoot were restored upon exogenous Ca application. Further, the correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation among proline and GSH synthesis in the Ca + Cd treatment. The correlations of Ca revealed to be positive with enhanced levels of APX and POD activity. Our data showed that exogenous application of Ca minimizes the Cd-toxicity and modulates the physiological and biochemical pathway in common buckwheat to withstand Cd-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah
- University Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
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13
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Li Y, Liu Y, Jin L, Peng R. Crosstalk between Ca 2+ and Other Regulators Assists Plants in Responding to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11101351. [PMID: 35631776 PMCID: PMC9148064 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved many strategies for adaptation to extreme environments. Ca2+, acting as an important secondary messenger in plant cells, is a signaling molecule involved in plants' response and adaptation to external stress. In plant cells, almost all kinds of abiotic stresses are able to raise cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and the spatiotemporal distribution of this molecule in distant cells suggests that Ca2+ may be a universal signal regulating different kinds of abiotic stress. Ca2+ is used to sense and transduce various stress signals through its downstream calcium-binding proteins, thereby inducing a series of biochemical reactions to adapt to or resist various stresses. This review summarizes the roles and molecular mechanisms of cytosolic Ca2+ in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity, ultraviolet light, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperature and wounding. Furthermore, we focused on the crosstalk between Ca2+ and other signaling molecules in plants suffering from extreme environmental stress.
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14
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Boursiac Y, Protto V, Rishmawi L, Maurel C. Experimental and conceptual approaches to root water transport. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 478:349-370. [PMID: 36277078 PMCID: PMC9579117 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root water transport, which critically contributes to the plant water status and thereby plant productivity, has been the object of extensive experimental and theoretical studies. However, root systems represent an intricate assembly of cells in complex architectures, including many tissues at distinct developmental stages. Our comprehension of where and how molecular actors integrate their function in order to provide the root with its hydraulic properties is therefore still limited. SCOPE Based on current literature and prospective discussions, this review addresses how root water transport can be experimentally measured, what is known about the underlying molecular actors, and how elementary water transport processes are scaled up in numerical/mathematical models. CONCLUSIONS The theoretical framework and experimental procedures on root water transport that are in use today have been established a few decades ago. However, recent years have seen the appearance of new techniques and models with enhanced resolution, down to a portion of root or to the tissue level. These advances pave the way for a better comprehension of the dynamics of water uptake by roots in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Boursiac
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Virginia Protto
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Louai Rishmawi
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
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15
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Dong T, Sha Y, Liu H, Sun L. Altitudinal Variation of Metabolites, Mineral Elements and Antioxidant Activities of Rhodiola crenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba. Molecules 2021; 26:7383. [PMID: 34885966 PMCID: PMC8658832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiolacrenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba is an alpine medicinal plant that can survive in extreme high altitude environments. However, its changes to extreme high altitude are not yet clear. In this study, the response of Rhodiola crenulata to differences in altitude gradients was investigated through chemical, ICP-MS and metabolomic methods. A targeted study of Rhodiola crenulata growing at three vertical altitudes revealed that the contents of seven elements Ca, Sr, B, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd, the phenolic components, the ascorbic acid, the ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate ratio, and the antioxidant capacity were positively correlated with altitude, while the opposite was true for total ascorbic acid content. Furthermore, 1165 metabolites were identified: flavonoids (200), gallic acids (30), phenylpropanoids (237), amino acids (100), free fatty acids and glycerides (56), nucleotides (60), as well as other metabolites (482). The differential metabolite and biomarker analyses suggested that, with an increasing altitude: (1) the shikimic acid-phenylalanine-phenylpropanoids-flavonoids pathway was enhanced, with phenylpropanoids upregulating biomarkers much more than flavonoids; phenylpropanes and phenylmethanes upregulated, and phenylethanes downregulated; the upregulation of quercetin was especially significant in flavonoids; upregulation of condensed tannins and downregulation of hydrolyzed tannins; upregulation of shikimic acids and amino acids including phenylalanine. (2) significant upregulation of free fatty acids and downregulation of glycerides; and (3) upregulation of adenosine phosphates. Our findings provide new insights on the responses of Rhodiola crenulata to extreme high altitude adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liwei Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.D.); (Y.S.); (H.L.)
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16
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Transcriptomics Reveals the ERF2- bHLH2- CML5 Module Responses to H 2S and ROS in Postharvest Calcium Deficiency Apples. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313013. [PMID: 34884817 PMCID: PMC8657956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium deficiency usually causes accelerated quality deterioration in postharvest fruit, whereas the underlining mechanism is still unclear. Here, we report that calcium deficiency induced the development of bitter pit on the surface of apple peels compared with the healthy appearance in control apples during postharvest storage. Physiological analysis indicates that calcium-deficient peels contained higher levels of superoxide anion (O2•−), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenol, flavonoid contents and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and reduced calcium, H2S production, anthocyanin, soluble protein content, and peroxidase (POD) activity compared with those in calcium-sufficient peels. The principal component analysis (PCA) results show that calcium content, ROS, and H2S production were the main factors between calcium-deficient and calcium-sufficient apple peels. Transcriptome data indicated that four calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), seven AP2/ERFs, and three bHLHs transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in calcium-deficient apple peels. RT-qPCR and correlation analyses further revealed that CML5 expression was significantly positively correlated with the expression of ERF2/17, bHLH2, and H2S production related genes. In addition, transcriptional co-activation of CML5 by ERF2 and bHLH2 was demonstrated by apple transient expression assays and dual-luciferase reporter system experiments. Therefore, these findings provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of postharvest quality decline in calcium-deficient apples and the potential interaction between Ca2+ and endogenous H2S.
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17
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Faillace GR, Caruso PB, Timmers LFSM, Favero D, Guzman FL, Rechenmacher C, de Oliveira-Busatto LA, de Souza ON, Bredemeier C, Bodanese-Zanettini MH. Molecular Characterisation of Soybean Osmotins and Their Involvement in Drought Stress Response. Front Genet 2021; 12:632685. [PMID: 34249077 PMCID: PMC8267864 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotins are multifunctional proteins belonging to the thaumatin-like family related to plant stress responses. To better understand the functions of soybean osmotins in drought stress response, the current study presents the characterisation of four previously described proteins and a novel putative soybean osmotin (GmOLPa-like). Gene and protein structure as well as gene expression analyses were conducted on different tissues and developmental stages of two soybean cultivars with varying dehydration sensitivities (BR16 and EMB48 are highly and slightly sensitive, respectively). The analysed osmotin sequences share the conserved amino acid signature and 3D structure of the thaumatin-like family. Some differences were observed in the conserved regions of protein sequences and in the electrostatic surface potential. P21-like present the most similar electrostatic potential to osmotins previously characterised as promoters of drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum nigrum. Gene expression analysis indicated that soybean osmotins were differentially expressed in different organs (leaves and roots), developmental stages (R1 and V3), and cultivars in response to dehydration. In addition, under dehydration conditions, the highest level of gene expression was detected for GmOLPa-like and P21-like osmotins in the leaves and roots, respectively, of the less drought sensitive cultivar. Altogether, the results suggest an involvement of these genes in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramos Faillace
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Biotec Seca-Pragas, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Bacaicoa Caruso
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Modelagem e Simulação de Biossistemas (LABIO), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Modelagem e Simulação de Biossistemas (LABIO), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Débora Favero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Departamento de Plantas de Lavoura, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Frank Lino Guzman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ciliana Rechenmacher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Biotec Seca-Pragas, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luisa Abruzzi de Oliveira-Busatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Biotec Seca-Pragas, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Osmar Norberto de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Modelagem e Simulação de Biossistemas (LABIO), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christian Bredemeier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Departamento de Plantas de Lavoura, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Biotec Seca-Pragas, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Aleem M, Raza MM, Haider MS, Atif RM, Ali Z, Bhat JA, Zhao T. Comprehensive RNA-seq analysis revealed molecular pathways and genes associated with drought tolerance in wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:707-732. [PMID: 32984966 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress at the germination stage is an important environmental stress limiting crop yield. Hence, our study investigated comparative root transcriptome profiles of four contrasting soybean genotypes viz., drought-tolerant (PI342618B/DTP and A214/DTL) and drought-sensitive (NN86-4/DSP and A195/DSL) under drought stress using RNA-Seq approach. A total of 4850 and 6272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in tolerant (DTP and DTL) and sensitive (DSP and DSL) genotypes, respectively. Principle component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis revealed higher correlation between DTP and DTL. Both gene ontology (GO) and MapMan analyses showed that the drought response was enriched in DEGs associated with water and auxin transport, cell wall/membrane, antioxidant activity, catalytic activity, secondary metabolism, signaling and transcription factor (TF) activities. Out of 981 DEGs screened from above terms, only 547 showed consistent opposite expression between contrasting genotypes. Twenty-eight DEGs of 547 were located on Chr.08 rich in QTLs and "Hotspot regions" associated with drought stress, and eight of them showed non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism. Hence, 10 genes (including above eight genes plus two hub genes) were predicated as possible candidates regulating drought tolerance, which needs further functional validation. Overall, the transcriptome profiling provided in-depth understanding about the genetic mechanism and candidate genes underlying drought tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqadas Aleem
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad M Raza
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad S Haider
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rana M Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Javaid A Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Mukarram M, Choudhary S, Kurjak D, Petek A, Khan MMA. Drought: Sensing, signalling, effects and tolerance in higher plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1291-1300. [PMID: 33847385 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought can be considered as a cocktail of multiple stressful conditions that contribute to osmotic and ionic imbalance in plants. Considering that water is vital for plant life, the very survival of the plant becomes questionable during drought conditions. Water deficit affects a wide spectrum of morpho-physiological phenomena restricting overall plant growth, development and productivity. To evade such complications and ameliorate drought-induced effects, plants have a battery of various defence mechanisms. These mechanisms can vary from stomatal adjustments to osmotic adjustments and antioxidant metabolism to ion regulations. In this review, we critically evaluate how drought is perceived and signalled through the whole plant via abscisic acid mediated pathways. Additionally, the impact of drought on photosynthesis, gas exchange variables and reactive oxygen species pathway was also reviewed, along with the reversal of these induced effects through associated morpho-physiological counter mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Anja Petek
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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20
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Kowalik P, Lipa T, Michałojć Z, Chwil M. Ultrastructure of Cells and Microanalysis in Malus domestica Borkh. 'Szampion' Fruit in Relation to Varied Calcium Foliar Feeding. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204622. [PMID: 33050647 PMCID: PMC7587194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most poorly reutilized nutrients. Its deficiencies cause various physiological disturbances and, consequently, reduce the quantity and quality of yields. Reduced content of Ca2+ ions in cells leads to development of, e.g., bitter pit in apples. Efficient and instantaneous mitigation of Ca2+ deficiencies is provided by foliar feeding. There are no detailed data on the effect of foliar feeding with various calcium forms on the cell structure or on the microanalysis and mapping of this element in apple fruit cells. Therefore, we carried out comparative studies of the ultrastructure of epidermis and hypodermis cells, to assess the content and distribution of calcium in the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, and precipitates of Malus domestica Borkh. 'Szampion' fruit exposed to four Ca treatments, including the control with no additional Ca supplementation (I) and foliar applications of Ca(NO3)2 (II), CaCl2 (III), and Ca chelated with EDTA (IV). Light and transmission electron microscopy and an X-ray microanalyzer were used and showed a beneficial effect of calcium preparations on the ultrastructure of fruit epidermis and hypodermis cells, manifested in the presence of a normally developed cell wall with a regular middle lamella, preserved continuity of cytoplasmic membranes, and stabilized cell structure. In the selected elements of apical epidermis cells, the highest level of Ca2+ ions was detected in the middle lamella, cell wall, plasmalemma, and cytoplasm. The highest increase in the Ca2+ content in these cell constituents was recorded in treatment IV, whereas the lowest value of the parameters was noted in variant III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kowalik
- Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (T.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Tomasz Lipa
- Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (T.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zenia Michałojć
- Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (T.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Mirosława Chwil
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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21
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Cai H, Tao N, Guo C. Systematic Investigation of the Effects of Macro-elements and Iron on Soybean Plant Response to Fusarium oxysporum Infection. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:398-405. [PMID: 33082724 PMCID: PMC7542030 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2020.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient manipulation is a promising strategy for controlling plant diseases in sustainable agriculture. Although many studies have investigated the relationships between certain elements and plant diseases, few have comprehensively explored how differing mineral nutrition levels might affect plant-fungal pathogen interactions, namely plant susceptibility and resistance. Here, we systematically explored the effects of the seven mineral elements that plants require in the greatest amounts for normal development on the susceptibility of soybean plants (Glycine max) to Fusarium oxysporum infection in controlled greenhouse conditions. Nitrogen (N) negligibly affected plant susceptibility to infection in the range 4 to 24 mM for both tested soybean cultivars. At relatively high concentrations, phosphorus (P) increased plant susceptibility to infection, which led to severely reduced shoot and root dry weights. Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and iron (Fe) induced plant resistance to infection as their concentrations were increased. For K and Ca, moderate concentrations had a positive effect on plant resistance to the pathogen, whereas relatively high doses of either element adversely affected plant growth and promoted disease symptoms. Further experiments were conducted, assessing disease suppression by selected combinations of macro-elements and Fe at screened concentrations, i.e., K (9 mM) plus Fe (0.2 mM), and S (4 mM) plus Fe (0.2 mM). The disease index was significantly reduced by the combination of K plus Fe. In conclusion, this systematic investigation of soybean plant responses to F. oxysporum infection provides a solid basis for future environmentally-friendly choices for application in soybean disease control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Co-corresponding authors. Hongsheng Cai, Phone) +86-451-88060576, E-mail) , Changhong Guo, Phone) +86-451-88060576, E-mail) , ORCID, Hongsheng Cai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-8719
| | - Nan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Co-corresponding authors. Hongsheng Cai, Phone) +86-451-88060576, E-mail) , Changhong Guo, Phone) +86-451-88060576, E-mail) , ORCID, Hongsheng Cai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-8719
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22
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de María N, Guevara MÁ, Perdiguero P, Vélez MD, Cabezas JA, López‐Hinojosa M, Li Z, Díaz LM, Pizarro A, Mancha JA, Sterck L, Sánchez‐Gómez D, Miguel C, Collada C, Díaz‐Sala MC, Cervera MT. Molecular study of drought response in the Mediterranean conifer Pinus pinaster Ait.: Differential transcriptomic profiling reveals constitutive water deficit-independent drought tolerance mechanisms. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9788-9807. [PMID: 33005345 PMCID: PMC7520194 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of long-living forest trees to respond to environmental changes is essential to secure their performance under adverse conditions. Water deficit is one of the most significant stress factors determining tree growth and survival. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), the main source of softwood in southwestern Europe, is subjected to recurrent drought periods which, according to climate change predictions for the years to come, will progressively increase in the Mediterranean region. The mechanisms regulating pine adaptive responses to environment are still largely unknown. The aim of this work was to go a step further in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying maritime pine response to water stress and drought tolerance at the whole plant level. A global transcriptomic profiling of roots, stems, and needles was conducted to analyze the performance of siblings showing contrasted responses to water deficit from an ad hoc designed full-sib family. Although P. pinaster is considered a recalcitrant species for vegetative propagation in adult phase, the analysis was conducted using vegetatively propagated trees exposed to two treatments: well-watered and moderate water stress. The comparative analyses led us to identify organ-specific genes, constitutively expressed as well as differentially expressed when comparing control versus water stress conditions, in drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant genotypes. Different response strategies can point out, with tolerant individuals being pre-adapted for coping with drought by constitutively expressing stress-related genes that are detected only in latter stages on sensitive individuals subjected to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria de María
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - María Ángeles Guevara
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Pedro Perdiguero
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA‐INIA)MadridSpain
- Departamento de Cultivos HerbáceosCentro de Investigación Agroforestal de AlbaladejitoCuencaSpain
| | - María Dolores Vélez
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - José Antonio Cabezas
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Miriam López‐Hinojosa
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Zhen Li
- Ghent University Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
- Bioinformatics Institute GhentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Luís Manuel Díaz
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Alberto Pizarro
- Departamento de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad de AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - José Antonio Mancha
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
| | - Lieven Sterck
- Ghent University Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
- Bioinformatics Institute GhentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - David Sánchez‐Gómez
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
- Departamento de Cultivos HerbáceosCentro de Investigación Agroforestal de AlbaladejitoCuencaSpain
| | - Célia Miguel
- BioISI‐Biosystems & Integrative Sciences InstituteFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET)OeirasPortugal
| | - Carmen Collada
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
- Grupo de investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia ForestalUPMMadridSpain
| | | | - María Teresa Cervera
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
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Competitive Inhibitory Effect of Calcium Polypeptides on Cd Enrichment of Brassia campestris L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224472. [PMID: 31739390 PMCID: PMC6888063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most cadmium-polluted farmland and land surrounding mining areas are difficult to repair and control, seriously threatening the food safety of the crops planted in these regions. As an essential element for plant growth, calcium plays an important role in stress-resistance regulation. In this study, Brassia campestris L. was used as the experimental material and polluted soil with cadmium was used as the experimental soil sample, to explore the competition inhibition of calcium polypeptide application on the absorption of Cd2+ by Brassia campestris L. in the growth process, as well as the effect of calcium application on the growth. Results showed that the application of calcium polypeptides significantly promoted the growth of Brassia campestris L. Calcium polypeptides could be used as high-quality fertilizer, alleviating the effect of Cd2+ stress on the growth of Brassia campestris L., and promoting the absorption of K+, Ca2+, and other nutrients by Brassia campestris L. Under different calcium polypeptide application conditions, the effective state of Cd2+ in the soil showed less significant difference, indicating that the calcium polypeptide had weak or limited passivation effects on Cd2+. There was a significantly negative correlation between Cd concentration in Brassia campestris L. and calcium application (r = −0.99, p < 0.01) when calcium polypeptide was over-applied, which indicates that the inhibition effect of Cd2+ absorption on Brassia campestris L. is mainly through competitive inhibition rather than passivation. The results showed that calcium polypeptide has dual functions on the competitive inhibition of heavy metals and a good fertilizer effect, providing a new technology for in situ remediation of heavy-metal pollution, and a new approach for the treatment of cadmium-contaminated farmland and surrounding mining land.
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Hajihashemi S, Noedoost F, Hedayatzadeh F. Characterization of Brassica napus responses to diluted and undiluted industrial wastewater. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1469-1482. [PMID: 31736549 PMCID: PMC6825095 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rising water scarcity, together with increased industrial wastewater production, suggests reusing of wastewater for plant irrigation. The wastewater from Razi petrochemical complex contained different salts and heavy metals. Variation in Brassica napus responses to wastewater irrigation has recommended appropriate levels of mineral nutrients in diluted wastewater that stimulated plant growth, and toxic levels of salts in undiluted wastewater that restricted plant growth. The undiluted wastewater irrigation significantly decreased chlorophyll fluorescence, along with photosynthetic capacity, while wastewater dilution mitigated its adverse effect. High levels of salts in undiluted wastewater induced an imbalance in plant mineral nutrients, which was evidenced with increased lipid peroxidation and reduced plant growth. On the contrary to adverse effects of undiluted wastewater on plant performance, the diluted wastewater, especially at 50% level, behaved as a fertilizer which increased leaf mineral nutrients, photosynthetic capacity, morphological and anatomical features of plant, but decreased lipid peroxidation. In relation to improvement in photosynthetic capacity, a significant increase was achieved in stomatal traits in plants irrigated with half-strength wastewater. In conclusion, due to the nutrition values of wastewater, it can be suggested to irrigate plants with diluted wastewater with the aim of improving crop productivity and saving freshwater sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Hajihashemi
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Khuzestan, 47189-63616 Iran
| | - Fariba Noedoost
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Khuzestan, 47189-63616 Iran
| | - Fariba Hedayatzadeh
- Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer, Iran
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25
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Radhakrishnan R. Magnetic field regulates plant functions, growth and enhances tolerance against environmental stresses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1107-1119. [PMID: 31564775 PMCID: PMC6745571 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climatic fluctuations and the increasing population have been responsible for the decline in the crop productivity. The chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and suitable genetic resources are commonly used for improving the crop yield. Magnetic field (MF) therapy for plants and animals has been found to be an effective and emerging tool to control diseases and increase tolerance against the adverse environment. Very limited studies have been attempted to determine the role of MF on plant tolerance against various stress conditions. This review aims to highlight the mitigating effect of MF on plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. MF interacts with seeds and plants and accelerates metabolism, which leads to an improved germination. The primary and secondary metabolites, enzyme activities, uptake of nutrient and water are reprogrammed to stimulate the plant growth and yield under favorable conditions. During adverse conditions of abiotic stress such as drought, salt, heavy metal contamination in soil, MF mitigates the stress effects by increasing antioxidants and reducing oxidative stress in plants. The stunted plant growth under different light and temperature conditions can be overcome by the exposure to MF. An MF treatment lowers the disease index of plants due to the modulation of calcium signaling, and proline and polyamines pathways. This review explores the basic and recent information about the impact of MF on plant survival against the adverse environment and emphasizes that thorough research is required to elucidate the mechanism of its interaction to protect the plants from biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Radhakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 021 India
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26
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Treesubsuntorn C, Thiravetyan P. Calcium acetate-induced reduction of cadmium accumulation in Oryza sativa: Expression of auto-inhibited calcium-ATPase and cadmium transporters. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:862-872. [PMID: 30924996 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) signalling has an essential role in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses. This study applied Ca in various forms (Ca acetate and CaCl2 ) and concentrations to reduce cadmium (Cd) concentration in rice and propose a possible mechanism through which Ca acts to control the Cd concentration in rice. The results showed that supplementation of Cd-contaminated soil with Ca acetate reduced the Cd concentration in rice after exposure for 7 days in both hydroponic and soil conditions. The possible involvement of the auto-inhibited Ca2+ -ATPase gene (ACA) might act to control the primary signal of the Cd stress response. The messages from ACA3 and ACA13 tended to up-regulate the low-affinity cation transporter (OsLCT1) and down-regulate Cd uptake and the Cd translocation transporter, including the genes, natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 5 (Nramp5) and Zn/Cd-transporting ATPase 2 (HMA2), which resulted in a reduction in the Cd concentration in rice. After cultivation for 120 days, the application of Ca acetate into Cd-contaminated soil inhibited Cd uptake of rice. Increasing the Ca acetate concentration in the soil lowered the Cd concentration in rice shoots and grains. Moreover, Ca acetate maintained rice productivity and quality whereas both aspects decreased under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Treesubsuntorn
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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27
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Boukhris A, Laffont-Schwob I, Folzer H, Rabier J, Mezghani I, Salducci MD, Tatoni T, Chaieb M. Tolerance strategies of two Mediterranean native xerophytes under fluoride pollution in Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34753-34764. [PMID: 30324375 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted along a fluorine gradient of soil pollution in Tunisia from Gabes, the most polluted site, to Smara, the reference site. Variations of fluoride (F) concentrations in soils were detected over 1 year in Gabes, Skhira, and Smara. F concentrations in the aerial part of two native plant species, i.e., Erodium glaucophyllum and Rhanterium suaveolens, were above the usual background concentrations. Bioaccumulation factors ranged from 0.08 to 1.3. With F concentrations in aerial parts up to 355 mg kg-1, both species may be described as F accumulators. Both species showed an earlier vegetative growth in Gabes than in Smara. However, some difference between their strategies could be observed, i.e., E. glaucophyllum shortening the period of its vegetative growth with an escape strategy and R. suaveolens decreasing its ratio of alive/dead parts potentially lowering the F toxicity by storage in dead cells. However, at a tissue level, mechanisms of tolerance were similar. Leaf section micrographs of both species showed a higher calcium accumulation in leaf midveins at Gabes than at Smara, confirming the role of calcium in plant F tolerance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Boukhris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
- Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Isabelle Laffont-Schwob
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France.
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, LPED, 3 place Victor Hugo, case 10, 13331, Marseille Cedex 3, France.
| | - Hélène Folzer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Rabier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Imed Mezghani
- Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Thierry Tatoni
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Chaieb
- Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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28
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Dixit R, Agrawal L, Singh SP, Prateeksha, Singh PC, Prasad V, Chauhan PS. Paenibacillus lentimorbus induces autophagy for protecting tomato from Sclerotium rolfsii infection. Microbiol Res 2018; 215:164-174. [PMID: 30172304 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During biotic stress, plants use several mechanisms to protect themselves that include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of pathogenesis-related proteins and cell death. Some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to act as bio-control agents that protect crops against pathogens. The biocontrol activity of PGPR Paenibacillus lentimorbus (B-30488) against Sclerotium rolfsii showed previously where several defense-related genes were upregulated with ROS induction in tomato. We further evaluate the other possibility, i.e. role of autophagy in enhancing defense in tomato using PGPR. Confocal microscopy revealed the presence of an acidotropic dye Mono Dansyl Cadaverine (MDC) stained autophagosomes in B-30488 treated healthy and infected plants. These autophagosomes almost disappeared in plants treated with an autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. The results were also confirmed by ultrastructural analysis of leaf tissues using transmission electron microscopy. Enhanced expression of autophagy-related genes was also monitored in B-30488 primed fungal infected tissues as compared to control by qRT-PCR. Results of ROS accumulation, fluorescence, confocal and transmission electron microscopy and gene expression analysis revealed induction of autophagy using B-30488 as a biocontrol agent suggesting a role in enhancing disease resistance in tomato. Overall, the present study indicated a role of B-30488 as a biocontrol in enhancing disease resistance in tomato and also assists a better understanding of fungal pathogenesis that is expected to be useful in developing new strategies for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Dixit
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Lalit Agrawal
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College (Affiliated to CSJM University, Kanpur), Civil Lines, Kanpur, 208001, U.P., India
| | - Prateeksha
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Poonam C Singh
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Molecular plant virology Lab, Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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29
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Tan W, Liang T, Du YP, Zhai H. The distribution and species of Ca 2+ and subcellular localization of Ca 2+ and Ca 2+-ATPase in grape leaves of plants treated with fluoroglycofen. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 143:207-213. [PMID: 29183594 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroglycofen, a post-emergence herbicide used in vineyards to eradicate weeds, has previously been shown to turn grape leaves dark green following its use. Therefore, this study evaluates the relationship of dark green leaves with calcium form and subcellular distribution. To do this, we focused on the Ca2+ distribution and Ca2+-ATPase activity in leaf cells of one-year-old self-rooted Chardonnay grapevines treated with fluoroglycofen. Plants were separated into different treatments when they had seven or eight leaves, and different concentrations of fluoroglycofen were sprayed on the sand. The results showed that all of the soluble calcium content in the grape leaves that were treated with the highest concentration of fluoroglycofen (187.5gaiha-1) increased significantly. Specifically, the water-soluble organic acid calcium, pectate calcium, and calcium oxalate increased by 18.43%, 17.14%, and 31.05%, respectively, in the upper leaves than in the control. The subcellular distribution of Ca2+ in the dark green leaves increased significantly, especially in the cell wall and chloroplast, which increased by 25.54% and 24.10%, respectively. Through the ultrastructure localization of Ca2+ and Ca2+-ATPase contrasted with the control, the extracellular space and chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of dark green leaves had large calcium pyroantimonate (Ca-PA) deposits. The extracellular space had fewer Ca2+-ATPase precipitation particles, whereas the chloroplasts had more. At the same time, a high concentration of fluoroglycofen decreased Ca2+-ATPase activity in grape leaves, which potentially might be due to disrupted regulation of calcium homeostatic mechanisms inside and outside of cells, resulting in a large number of Ca2+ accumulation in cells. The Ca2+ accumulation not only hindered the various cellular physiological reactions, but also caused leaves to become dark green in color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Pomology Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taigu 030815, China
| | - Ting Liang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Agricultural Bureau of Daiyue District, Taian' City, Shandong Province, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yuan-Peng Du
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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30
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Hozayn M, Abdallha MM, Abd EMAA, El Saady AA, Darwish MA, Hozayn M, Abdallha MM, Abd EMAA, El Saady AA, Darwish MA. Applications of magnetic technology in agriculture: A novel tool for improving crop productivity (1): Canola. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajar2015.9382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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31
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Li P, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Wang J, Wang F, Bi Y. Calcium alleviates cadmium-induced inhibition on root growth by maintaining auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis seedlings. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:185-200. [PMID: 25837011 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity has been widely studied in different plant species. However, the mechanism involved in its toxicity and the cell response to Cd has not been well established. In the present study, we investigated the possible mechanism of calcium (Ca) in protecting Arabidopsis from Cd toxicity. The results showed that 50 μM Cd significantly inhibited the seedling growth and decreased the chlorophyll content in Arabidopsis. Specifically, the primary root (PR) length was decreased but the lateral root (LR) number was increased under Cd stress. Furthermore, Cd enhanced the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and lipid peroxidation as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Cd also altered the level and the distribution of auxin in PR tips (as evidenced by DR5::GUS and PIN:GFP reporter expression) and the expression of several putative auxin biosynthetic, catabolic, and transport pathway-related genes. Application of 3 mM Ca alleviated the inhibition of Cd on the root growth. Ca application not only led to reducing oxidative injuries but also restoring the normal auxin transport and distribution in Arabidopsis root under Cd stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca alleviates the root growth inhibition caused by Cd through maintaining auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhou Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Calmodulin-binding transcription activators and perspectives for applications in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10379-85. [PMID: 26450508 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a novel family of calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) has been reported in various species. The CAMTAs share a conserved domain organization, with a CG-1 DNA-binding domain, a transcription factor immunoglobulin domain, several ankyrin repeats, a calmodulin-binding domain, and a varying number of IQ motifs. CAMTAs participate in transcriptional regulation by recognizing and binding to a specific cis-element: (G/A/C)CGCG(C/G/T). Plants suffer from the environmental challenges, including abiotic and biotic stresses. Investigations in various plant species indicate a broad range of CAMTA functions involved in developmental regulation, environmental stress response, and hormone cross talk. In this review, we focus on the expression patterns and biological functions of CAMTAs to explore their probable applications in biotechnology. Furthermore, the identification and phylogenetic analysis of CAMTAs in crops could open new perspectives for enhancing stress tolerance, which could lead to improved crop production.
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33
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Wehner GG, Balko CC, Enders MM, Humbeck KK, Ordon FF. Identification of genomic regions involved in tolerance to drought stress and drought stress induced leaf senescence in juvenile barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:125. [PMID: 25998066 PMCID: PMC4440603 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature leaf senescence induced by external stress conditions, e.g. drought stress, is a main factor for yield losses in barley. Research in drought stress tolerance has become more important as due to climate change the number of drought periods will increase and tolerance to drought stress has become a goal of high interest in barley breeding. Therefore, the aim is to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in drought stress induced leaf senescence and drought stress tolerance in early developmental stages of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by applying genome wide association studies (GWAS) on a set of 156 winter barley genotypes. RESULTS After a four weeks stress period (BBCH 33) leaf colour as an indicator of leaf senescence, electron transport rate at photosystem II, content of free proline, content of soluble sugars, osmolality and the aboveground biomass indicative for drought stress response were determined in the control and stress variant in greenhouse pot experiments. Significant phenotypic variation was observed for all traits analysed. Heritabilities ranged between 0.27 for osmolality and 0.61 for leaf colour in stress treatment and significant effects of genotype, treatment and genotype x treatment were estimated for most traits analysed. Based on these phenotypic data and 3,212 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with a minor allele frequency >5% derived from the Illumina 9 k iSelect SNP Chip, 181 QTL were detected for all traits analysed. Major QTLs for drought stress and leaf senescence were located on chromosome 5H and 2H. BlastX search for associated marker sequences revealed that respective SNPs are in some cases located in proteins related to drought stress or leaf senescence, e.g. nucleotide pyrophosphatase (AVP1) or serine/ threonin protein kinase (SAPK9). CONCLUSIONS GWAS resulted in the identification of many QTLs involved in drought stress and leaf senescence of which two major QTLs for drought stress and leaf senescence were located on chromosome 5H and 2H. Results may be the basis to incorporate breeding for tolerance to drought stress or leaf senescence in barley breeding via marker based selection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolin G Wehner
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, Sanitz, 18190, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
| | - Christiane C Balko
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, Sanitz, 18190, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
| | - Matthias M Enders
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, Quedlinburg, 06484, Germany.
| | - Klaus K Humbeck
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
| | - Frank F Ordon
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, Quedlinburg, 06484, Germany.
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Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Brassica juncea L. (Czern. & Coss.) by calcium application involves various physiological and biochemical strategies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114571. [PMID: 25629695 PMCID: PMC4309397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) plays important role in plant development and response to various environmental stresses. However, its involvement in mitigation of heavy metal stress in plants remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effect of Ca (50 mM) in controlling cadmium (Cd) uptake in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants exposed to toxic levels of Cd (200 mg L−1 and 300 mg L−1). The Cd treatment showed substantial decrease in plant height, root length, dry weight, pigments and protein content. Application of Ca improved the growth and biomass yield of the Cd-stressed mustard seedlings. More importantly, the oil content of mustard seeds of Cd-stressed plants was also enhanced with Ca treatment. Proline was significantly increased in mustard plants under Cd stress, and exogenously sprayed Ca was found to have a positive impact on proline content in Cd-stressed plants. Different concentrations of Cd increased lipid peroxidation but the application of Ca minimized it to appreciable level in Cd-treated plants. Excessive Cd treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, which were further enhanced by the addition of Ca. Additionally, Cd stress caused reduced uptake of essential elements and increased Cd accumulation in roots and shoots. However, application of Ca enhanced the concentration of essential elements and decreased Cd accumulation in Cd-stressed plants. Our results indicated that application of Ca enables mustard plant to withstand the deleterious effect of Cd, resulting in improved growth and seed quality of mustard plants.
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Ahmad P, Sarwat M, Bhat NA, Wani MR, Kazi AG, Tran LSP. Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Brassica juncea L. (Czern. & Coss.) by calcium application involves various physiological and biochemical strategies. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 25629695 DOI: 10.1007/bf03030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) plays important role in plant development and response to various environmental stresses. However, its involvement in mitigation of heavy metal stress in plants remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effect of Ca (50 mM) in controlling cadmium (Cd) uptake in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants exposed to toxic levels of Cd (200 mg L(-1) and 300 mg L(-1)). The Cd treatment showed substantial decrease in plant height, root length, dry weight, pigments and protein content. Application of Ca improved the growth and biomass yield of the Cd-stressed mustard seedlings. More importantly, the oil content of mustard seeds of Cd-stressed plants was also enhanced with Ca treatment. Proline was significantly increased in mustard plants under Cd stress, and exogenously sprayed Ca was found to have a positive impact on proline content in Cd-stressed plants. Different concentrations of Cd increased lipid peroxidation but the application of Ca minimized it to appreciable level in Cd-treated plants. Excessive Cd treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, which were further enhanced by the addition of Ca. Additionally, Cd stress caused reduced uptake of essential elements and increased Cd accumulation in roots and shoots. However, application of Ca enhanced the concentration of essential elements and decreased Cd accumulation in Cd-stressed plants. Our results indicated that application of Ca enables mustard plant to withstand the deleterious effect of Cd, resulting in improved growth and seed quality of mustard plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, S. P. College, Srinagar-190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, NOIDA, 201303, India; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Salman bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College (Boys), Anantnag-192102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Rafiq Wani
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College (Boys), Anantnag-192102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Alvina Gul Kazi
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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Sevriukova O, Kanapeckaite A, Lapeikaite I, Kisnieriene V, Ladygiene R, Sakalauskas V. Charophyte electrogenesis as a biomarker for assessing the risk from low-dose ionizing radiation to a single plant cell. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 136:10-15. [PMID: 24858694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of low-dose ionizing radiation on the electrical signalling pattern and membrane properties of the characea Nitellopsis obtusa was examined using conventional glass-microelectrode and voltage-clamp techniques. The giant cell was exposed to a ubiquitous radionuclide of high biological importance - tritium - for low-dose irradiation. Tritium was applied as tritiated water with an activity concentration of 15 kBq L(-1) (an external dose rate that is approximately 0.05 μGy h(-1) above the background radiation level); experiments indicated that this was the lowest effective concentration. Investigating the dynamics of electrical excitation of the plasma membrane (action potential) showed that exposing Characeae to tritium for half an hour prolonged the repolarization phase of the action potential by approximately 35%: the repolarization rate decreased from 39.2 ± 3.1 mV s(-1) to 25.5 ± 1,8 mV s(-1) due to tritium. Voltage-clamp measurements showed that the tritium exposure decreased the Cl(-) efflux and Ca(2+) influx involved in generating an action potential by approximately 27% (Δ = 12.4 ± 1.1 μA cm(-2)) and 64% (Δ = -5.3 ± 0.4 μA cm(-2)), respectively. The measured alterations in the action potential dynamics and in the chloride and calcium ion transport due to the exogenous low-dose tritium exposure provide the basis for predicting possible further impairments of plasma membrane regulatory functions, which subsequently disturb essential physiological processes of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sevriukova
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Science, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Expertise and Exposure Monitoring, Radiation Protection Centre Under Ministry of Health, LT-08221 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Auste Kanapeckaite
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Science, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indre Lapeikaite
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Science, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Kisnieriene
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Science, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rima Ladygiene
- Department of Expertise and Exposure Monitoring, Radiation Protection Centre Under Ministry of Health, LT-08221 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Sakalauskas
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Science, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Lv X, Pu X, Qin G, Zhu T, Lin H. The roles of autophagy in development and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Apoptosis 2014; 19:905-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Dolatabadian A, Sanavy SAMM, Gholamhoseini M, Joghan AK, Majdi M, Kashkooli AB. The role of calcium in improving photosynthesis and related physiological and biochemical attributes of spring wheat subjected to simulated acid rain. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 19:189-98. [PMID: 24431486 PMCID: PMC3656184 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-013-0165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The response of photosynthesis parameters, catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde, proline, chlorophyll, yield and yield components to foliar application of calcium and simulated acid rain in wheat were investigated. Foliar treatment of calcium led to significant increases in the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, proline, chlorophyll, yield and yield components in plants subjected to acid rain. Antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in the wheat leaves decreased because of calcium foliar application. Calcium hindered degradation of the rubisco subunits under acid rain treatment compared with water-treated plants. Results suggest that acid rain induces the production of free radicals resulting in lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane so that significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activity was observed. In addition, photosynthetic parameters i.e. photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were drastically suppressed by acid rain. The cellular damage caused by free radicals might be reduced or prevented by a protective metabolism including antioxidative enzymes and calcium. We report that foliar application of calcium before acid rain may ameliorate the adverse effects of acid rain in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Dolatabadian
- />Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Jallal-Al-Ahmad Highway, Nasr Bridge, Tehran, Iran Zip code: 1411713116 P.O. Box: 14115-336
| | - Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres Sanavy
- />Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Jallal-Al-Ahmad Highway, Nasr Bridge, Tehran, Iran Zip code: 1411713116 P.O. Box: 14115-336
| | - Majid Gholamhoseini
- />Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Jallal-Al-Ahmad Highway, Nasr Bridge, Tehran, Iran Zip code: 1411713116 P.O. Box: 14115-336
| | - Aydin Khodaei Joghan
- />Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Jallal-Al-Ahmad Highway, Nasr Bridge, Tehran, Iran Zip code: 1411713116 P.O. Box: 14115-336
| | - Mohammad Majdi
- />Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Huda KMK, Banu MSA, Pathi KM, Tuteja N. Reproductive organ and vascular specific promoter of the rice plasma membrane Ca2+ATPase mediates environmental stress responses in plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57803. [PMID: 23469243 PMCID: PMC3585799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma membrane Ca(2+)ATPase is a transport protein in the plasma membrane of cells and helps in removal of calcium (Ca(2+)) from the cell, hence regulating Ca(2+) level within cells. Though plant Ca(2+)ATPases have been shown to be involved in plant stress responses but their promoter regions have not been well studied. RESULTS The 1478 bp promoter sequence of rice plasma membrane Ca(2+)ATPase contains cis-acting elements responsive to stresses and plant hormones. To identify the functional region, serial deletions of the promoter were fused with the GUS sequence and four constructs were obtained. These were differentially activated under NaCl, PEG cold, methyl viologen, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate treatments. We demonstrated that the rice plasma membrane Ca(2+)ATPase promoter is responsible for vascular-specific and multiple stress-inducible gene expression. Only full-length promoter showed specific GUS expression under stress conditions in floral parts. High GUS activity was observed in roots with all the promoter constructs. The -1478 to -886 bp flanking region responded well upon treatment with salt and drought. Only the full-length promoter presented cold-induced GUS expression in leaves, while in shoots slight expression was observed for -1210 and -886 bp flanking region. The -1210 bp deletion significantly responded to exogenous methyl viologen and abscisic acid induction. The -1210 and -886 bp flanking region resulted in increased GUS activity in leaves under methyl jasmonate treatments, whereas in shoots the -886 bp and -519 bp deletion gave higher expression. Salicylic acid failed to induce GUS activities in leaves for all the constructs. CONCLUSIONS The rice plasma membrane Ca(2+)ATPase promoter is a reproductive organ-specific as well as vascular-specific. This promoter contains drought, salt, cold, methyl viologen, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate related cis-elements, which regulated gene expression. Overall, the tissue-specificity and inducible nature of this promoter could grant wide applicability in plant biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Md. Kamrul Huda
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mst. Sufara Akhter Banu
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Pathi
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Suntio T, Mäkinen K. Abiotic stress responses promote Potato virus A infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:775-84. [PMID: 22340188 PMCID: PMC6638678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of abiotic stress responses on Potato virus A (PVA; genus Potyvirus) infection was studied. Salt, osmotic and wounding stress all increased PVA gene expression in infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. According to the literature, an early response to these stresses is an elevation in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. The infiltration of 0.1 m CaCl(2) into the infected leaf area enhanced the translation of PVA RNA, and this Ca(2+) -induced effect was more profound than that induced solely by osmotic stress. The inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels within the plasma membrane abolished the Ca(2+) effect, suggesting that Ca(2+) had to be transported into the cytosol to affect viral gene expression. This was also supported by a reduced wounding effect in the presence of the Ca(2+) -chelating agent ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA). In the absence of viral replication, the intense synthesis of viral proteins in response to Ca(2+) was transient. However, a Ca(2+) pulse administered at the onset of wild-type PVA infection enhanced the progress of infection within the locally infected leaf, and the virus appeared earlier in the systemic leaves than in the control plants. This suggests that the cellular environment was thoroughly modified by the Ca(2+) pulse to support viral infection. One message of this study is that the sensing of abiotic stress, which leads to cellular responses, probably via Ca(2+) signalling, associated with enhanced virus infection, may lead to higher field crop losses. Therefore, the effect of abiotic stress on plant viral infection warrants further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Suntio
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sarwat M, Ahmad P, Nabi G, Hu X. Ca(2+) signals: the versatile decoders of environmental cues. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:97-109. [PMID: 22568501 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.672398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants are often subjected to various environmental stresses that lead to deleterious effects on growth, production, sustainability, etc. The information of the incoming stress is read by the plants through the mechanism of signal transduction. The plant Ca(2+) serves as secondary messenger during adaptations to stressful conditions and developmental processes. A plethora of Ca(2+) sensors and decoders functions to bring about these changes. The cellular concentrations of Ca(2+), their subcellular localization, and the specific interaction affinities of Ca(2+) decoder proteins all work together to make this process a complex but synchronized signaling network. In this review, we focus on the versatility of these sensors and decoders in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as plants of economical importance. Here, we have also thrown light on the possible mechanism of action of these important components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sarwat
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
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Weng H, Yoo CY, Gosney MJ, Hasegawa PM, Mickelbart MV. Poplar GTL1 is a Ca2+/calmodulin-binding transcription factor that functions in plant water use efficiency and drought tolerance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32925. [PMID: 22396800 PMCID: PMC3292583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminishing global fresh water availability has focused research to elucidate mechanisms of water use in poplar, an economically important species. A GT-2 family trihelix transcription factor that is a determinant of water use efficiency (WUE), PtaGTL1 (GT-2 like 1), was identified in Populus tremula × P. alba (clone 717-IB4). Like other GT-2 family members, PtaGTL1 contains both N- and C-terminal trihelix DNA binding domains. PtaGTL1 expression, driven by the Arabidopsis thaliana AtGTL1 promoter, suppressed the higher WUE and drought tolerance phenotypes of an Arabidopsis GTL1 loss-of-function mutation (gtl1-4). Genetic suppression of gtl1-4 was associated with increased stomatal density due to repression of Arabidopsis STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION1 (AtSDD1), a negative regulator of stomatal development. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) indicated that a PtaGTL1 C-terminal DNA trihelix binding fragment (PtaGTL1-C) interacted with an AtSDD1 promoter fragment containing the GT3 box (GGTAAA), and this GT3 box was necessary for binding. PtaGTL1-C also interacted with a PtaSDD1 promoter fragment via the GT2 box (GGTAAT). PtaSDD1 encodes a protein with 60% primary sequence identity with AtSDD1. In vitro molecular interaction assays were used to determine that Ca(2+)-loaded calmodulin (CaM) binds to PtaGTL1-C, which was predicted to have a CaM-interaction domain in the first helix of the C-terminal trihelix DNA binding domain. These results indicate that, in Arabidopsis and poplar, GTL1 and SDD1 are fundamental components of stomatal lineage. In addition, PtaGTL1 is a Ca(2+)-CaM binding protein, which infers a mechanism by which environmental stimuli can induce Ca(2+) signatures that would modulate stomatal development and regulate plant water use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael V. Mickelbart
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Hamada H, Kurusu T, Okuma E, Nokajima H, Kiyoduka M, Koyano T, Sugiyama Y, Okada K, Koga J, Saji H, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Yamane H, Murata Y, Kuchitsu K. Regulation of a proteinaceous elicitor-induced Ca2+ influx and production of phytoalexins by a putative voltage-gated cation channel, OsTPC1, in cultured rice cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9931-9939. [PMID: 22270358 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.337659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen/microbe- or plant-derived signaling molecules (PAMPs/MAMPs/DAMPs) or elicitors induce increases in the cytosolic concentration of free Ca(2+) followed by a series of defense responses including biosynthesis of antimicrobial secondary metabolites called phytoalexins; however, the molecular links and regulatory mechanisms of the phytoalexin biosynthesis remains largely unknown. A putative voltage-gated cation channel, OsTPC1 has been shown to play a critical role in hypersensitive cell death induced by a fungal xylanase protein (TvX) in suspension-cultured rice cells. Here we show that TvX induced a prolonged increase in cytosolic Ca(2+), mainly due to a Ca(2+) influx through the plasma membrane. Membrane fractionation by two-phase partitioning and immunoblot analyses revealed that OsTPC1 is localized predominantly at the plasma membrane. In retrotransposon-insertional Ostpc1 knock-out cell lines harboring a Ca(2+)-sensitive photoprotein, aequorin, TvX-induced Ca(2+) elevation was significantly impaired, which was restored by expression of OsTPC1. TvX-induced production of major diterpenoid phytoalexins and the expression of a series of diterpene cyclase genes involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis were also impaired in the Ostpc1 cells. Whole cell patch clamp analyses of OsTPC1 heterologously expressed in HEK293T cells showed its voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-permeability. These results suggest that OsTPC1 plays a crucial role in TvX-induced Ca(2+) influx as a plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable channel consequently required for the regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in cultured rice cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyasu Hamada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Eiji Okuma
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nokajima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiyoduka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Koyano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jinichiro Koga
- Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., 5-3-1, Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0289, Japan
| | - Hikaru Saji
- Environmental Biology Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506 Japan, and
| | - Akio Miyao
- Division of Genome and Biodiversity Research, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirochika
- Division of Genome and Biodiversity Research, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yamane
- Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan,.
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Shi S, Chen W, Sun W. Comparative proteomic analysis of the Arabidopsis cbl1 mutant in response to salt stress. Proteomics 2011; 11:4712-25. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Liu YF, Qi HY, Bai CM, Qi MF, Xu CQ, Hao JH, Li Y, Li TL. Grafting helps improve photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in leaves of muskmelon. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:1161-70. [PMID: 22043173 PMCID: PMC3204406 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important quality for muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is their sweetness which is closely related to the soluble sugars content. Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs in plants and thus the source of sugar accumulation in fruits since sugars are translocated from leaves to fruits. The effects of grafting muskmelon on two different inter-specific (Cucurbita maxima×C. moschata) rootstocks was investigated with respect to photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Grafting Zhongmi1 muskmelon on RibenStrong (GR) or Shengzhen1 (GS) rootstocks increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b content and the leaf area in middle and late developmental stages of the plant compared to the ungrafted Zhongmi1 check (CK). Grafting enhanced the net photosynthesis rate, the stomatal conductance, concentration of intercellular CO(2) and transpiration rate. Grafting influenced carbohydrates contents by changing carbohydrate metabolic enzymes activities which was observed as an increase in acid invertase and neutral invertase activity in the functional leaves during the early and middle developmental stages compared to CK. Grafting improved sucrose phosphate synthase and stachyose synthase activities in middle and late developmental stages, thus translocation of sugars (such as sucrose, raffinose and stachyose) in GR and GS leaves were significantly enhanced. However, compared with CK, translocation of more sugars in grafted plants did not exert feedback inhibition on photosynthesis. Our results indicate that grafting muskmelon on inter-specific rootstocks enhances photosynthesis and translocation of sugars in muskmelon leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Liu
- 1. Shenyang Agricultural University (SYAU), Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qi
- 1. Shenyang Agricultural University (SYAU), Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chun-Ming Bai
- 2. Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences (LAAS), Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Ming-Fang Qi
- 1. Shenyang Agricultural University (SYAU), Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chuan-Qiang Xu
- 1. Shenyang Agricultural University (SYAU), Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jing-Hong Hao
- 3. Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- 4. Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Li
- 1. Shenyang Agricultural University (SYAU), Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tian-Lai Li
- 1. Shenyang Agricultural University (SYAU), Shenyang 110866, China
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Shoresh M, Spivak M, Bernstein N. Involvement of calcium-mediated effects on ROS metabolism in the regulation of growth improvement under salinity. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1221-34. [PMID: 21466848 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Salinity reduces Ca(2+) availability, transport, and mobility to growing regions of the plant and supplemental Ca(2+) is known to reduce salinity damages. This study was undertaken to unravel some of the ameliorative mechanisms of Ca(2+) on salt stress at the cellular and tissue levels. Zea mays L. plants were grown in nutrient solution containing 1 or 80 mM NaCl with various Ca(2+) levels. Measurements of growth and physiological parameters, such as ion imbalance, indicated that the Ca(2+)-induced alleviation mechanisms differed between plant organs. Under salinity, H(2)O(2) levels increased in the leaf-growing tissue with increasing levels of supplemental Ca(2+) and reached the levels of control plants, whereas superoxide levels remained low at all Ca(2+) levels, indicating that Ca(2+) affected growth by increasing H(2)O(2) but not superoxide levels. Salinity completely abolished apoplastic peroxidase activity. Supplemental Ca(2+) increased its activity only slightly. However, under salinity, polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity was shifted toward the leaf base probably as an adaptive mechanism aimed at restoring normal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the expansion zone where NADPH oxidase could no longer provide the required ROS for growth. Interestingly, addition of Ca(2+) shifted the PAO-activity peak back to its original location in addition to its enhancement. The increase in PAO activity in conjunction with low levels of apoplastic peroxidase is supportive of cellular growth via nonenzymatic wall loosening derived by the increase in H(2)O(2) and less supportive of the peroxidase-mediated cross-linking of wall material. Thus extracellular Ca(2+) can modulate ROS levels at specific tissue localization and developmental stages thereby affecting cellular extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Shoresh
- Institute of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50–250, Israel
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47
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Zhang Y, Chen T, Liu G, Zhang M, An L, Chen Y. Correlations of carbon isotope discrimination with element and ash contents in two Sabina evergreen trees in northwest China: patterns and implications. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1694-1700. [PMID: 21598329 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Foliar carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) is widely used as an integrator of physiological plant responses to environmental change. However, the relationship between foliar Δ and mineral nutrient accumulation is still not well-known. The foliar Δ, K, Ca, Mg, Si and ash contents of S. przewalskii Kom. (SP) and S. chinensis (Lin.) Ant. (SC), two over-winter trees distributed on high altitude plateaux and lower altitude plains, respectively, were measured at monthly intervals over two years under the same growing conditions to examine the genetic and seasonal variation in foliar nutrient concentrations in relation to foliar Δ. The foliar Δ, Mg, K and ash contents were markedly lower in SP than in SC, and the foliar Si content was significantly higher in SP than SC, while the differences in Ca contents between the two Sabina trees were not significant. There was higher foliar Δ in winter than in summer for both Sabina trees. Close negative correlations of foliar Δ with K and Mg content, and significant positive correlations between foliar Δ and Si contents, were observed in SP but not in SC. Thus, higher water-use efficiency of SP than of SC is related to higher Si and lower Mg and K contents that have positive effects on the reduction of transpiration rates or stomatal conductances. The results obtained by the present study will advance the understanding of the adaptive strategies of mineral nutrition and water use in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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48
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Curran A, Chang IF, Chang CL, Garg S, Miguel RM, Barron YD, Li Y, Romanowsky S, Cushman JC, Gribskov M, Harmon AC, Harper JF. Calcium-dependent protein kinases from Arabidopsis show substrate specificity differences in an analysis of 103 substrates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:36. [PMID: 22645532 PMCID: PMC3355778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The identification of substrates represents a critical challenge for understanding any protein kinase-based signal transduction pathway. In Arabidopsis, there are more than 1000 different protein kinases, 34 of which belong to a family of Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs). While CPKs are implicated in regulating diverse aspects of plant biology, from ion transport to transcription, relatively little is known about isoform-specific differences in substrate specificity, or the number of phosphorylation targets. Here, in vitro kinase assays were used to compare phosphorylation targets of four CPKs from Arabidopsis (CPK1, 10, 16, and 34). Significant differences in substrate specificity for each kinase were revealed by assays using 103 different substrates. For example CPK16 phosphorylated Serine 109 in a peptide from the stress-regulated protein, Di19-2 with K(M) ∼70 μM, but this site was not phosphorylated significantly by CPKs 1, 10, or 34. In contrast, CPKs 1, 10, and 34 phosphorylated 93 other peptide substrates not recognized by CPK16. Examples of substrate specificity differences among all four CPKs were verified by kinetic analyses. To test the correlation between in vivo phosphorylation events and in vitro kinase activities, assays were performed with 274 synthetic peptides that contained phosphorylation sites previously mapped in proteins isolated from plants (in vivo-mapped sites). Of these, 74 (27%) were found to be phosphorylated by at least one of the four CPKs tested. This 27% success rate validates a robust strategy for linking the activities of specific kinases, such as CPKs, to the thousands of in planta phosphorylation sites that are being uncovered by emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Curran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
| | - Ing-Feng Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shilpi Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
| | - Rodriguez Milla Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
- Departamento de Biología de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones BiológicasMadrid, Spain
| | - Yoshimi D. Barron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
| | - Shawn Romanowsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
| | - John C. Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
| | - Michael Gribskov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alice C. Harmon
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey F. Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey F. Harper, Biochemistry Department, University of Nevada, Reno MS330, Howard Building, Reno, NV 89557, USA. e-mail:
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49
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Bedon F, Majada J, Feito I, Chaumeil P, Dupuy JW, Lomenech AM, Barre A, Gion JM, Plomion C. Interaction between environmental factors affects the accumulation of root proteins in hydroponically grown Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:69-76. [PMID: 20974537 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) is used for pulp and paper production worldwide. In this report we studied changes in protein expression in one osmotically stressed elite clone widely used in industrial plantations in Spain. High molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as an osmoticum in the growing medium. Roots of rooted cuttings were sampled after 3 and 36 h of treatment. Water potential and abscissic acid content were measured in shoot and root apices to characterize the physiological states of the plants. Total soluble proteins from roots were extracted and separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Gels were stained with Coomassie brillant blue for quantitative analysis of protein accumulation. From a total of 406 reproducible spots, 34 were found to be differentially expressed depending on treatment (osmotic versus control condition) and/or stress duration (3 h versus 36 h), and were further characterized by tandem mass spectrometry. Several proteins were reliably identified including adenosine kinase, actin, stress-related proteins as well as proteins associated to cellular processes, among which some residents of the endoplasmic reticulum. This study constitutes the first investigation of the root proteome in this important forest tree genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bedon
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, Equipe de génétique, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33612, France
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50
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Boursiac Y, Lee SM, Romanowsky S, Blank R, Sladek C, Chung WS, Harper JF. Disruption of the vacuolar calcium-ATPases in Arabidopsis results in the activation of a salicylic acid-dependent programmed cell death pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1158-71. [PMID: 20837703 PMCID: PMC2971596 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.159038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) signals regulate many aspects of plant development, including a programmed cell death pathway that protects plants from pathogens (hypersensitive response). Cytosolic Ca(2+) signals result from a combined action of Ca(2+) influx through channels and Ca(2+) efflux through pumps and cotransporters. Plants utilize calmodulin-activated Ca(2+) pumps (autoinhibited Ca(2+)-ATPase [ACA]) at the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuole. Here, we show that a double knockout mutation of the vacuolar Ca(2+) pumps ACA4 and ACA11 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) results in a high frequency of hypersensitive response-like lesions. The appearance of macrolesions could be suppressed by growing plants with increased levels (greater than 15 mm) of various anions, providing a method for conditional suppression. By removing plants from a conditional suppression, lesion initials were found to originate primarily in leaf mesophyll cells, as detected by aniline blue staining. Initiation and spread of lesions could also be suppressed by disrupting the production or accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), as shown by combining aca4/11 mutations with a sid 2 (for salicylic acid induction-deficient2) mutation or expression of the SA degradation enzyme NahG. This indicates that the loss of the vacuolar Ca(2+) pumps by itself does not cause a catastrophic defect in ion homeostasis but rather potentiates the activation of a SA-dependent programmed cell death pathway. Together, these results provide evidence linking the activity of the vacuolar Ca(2+) pumps to the control of a SA-dependent programmed cell death pathway in plants.
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