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Silverstein P, Pennington CR, Branney P, O'Connor DB, Lawlor E, O'Brien E, Lynott D. A registered report survey of open research practices in psychology departments in the UK and Ireland. Br J Psychol 2024; 115:497-534. [PMID: 38520079 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Open research practices seek to enhance the transparency and reproducibility of research. While there is evidence of increased uptake in these practices, such as study preregistration and open data, facilitated by new infrastructure and policies, little research has assessed general uptake of such practices across psychology university researchers. The current study estimates psychologists' level of engagement in open research practices across universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland, while also assessing possible explanatory factors that may impact their engagement. Data were collected from 602 psychology researchers in the United Kingdom and Ireland on the extent to which they have implemented various practices (e.g., use of preprints, preregistration, open data, open materials). Here we present the summarized descriptive results, as well as considering differences between various categories of researcher (e.g., career stage, subdiscipline, methodology), and examining the relationship between researcher's practices and their self-reported capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM-B) to engage in open research practices. Results show that while there is considerable variability in engagement of open research practices, differences across career stage and subdiscipline of psychology are small by comparison. We observed consistent differences according to respondent's research methodology and based on the presence of institutional support for open research. COM-B dimensions were collectively significant predictors of engagement in open research, with automatic motivation emerging as a consistently strong predictor. We discuss these findings, outline some of the challenges experienced in this study, and offer suggestions and recommendations for future research. Estimating the prevalence of responsible research practices is important to assess sustained behaviour change in research reform, tailor educational training initiatives, and to understand potential factors that might impact engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Silverstein
- Psychology Department, Ashland University, Ashland, OR, USA
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Branney
- School of Social Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Emma Lawlor
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Emer O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Dermot Lynott
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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2
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Hamilton DG, Everitt S, Page MJ, Fidler F. What do Australians affected by cancer think about oncology researchers sharing research data? A cross-sectional survey. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2024; 20:522-530. [PMID: 38708950 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Previous research has shown patients and the public in Australia generally support medical researchers in making de-identified research data available to other scientists. However, this research has focussed on certain types of data and recipients. We surveyed Australians affected by cancer to characterize their attitudes toward the sharing of research data with multiple third parties, including the public. METHODS A short, anonymous online survey of Australians with a previous diagnosis of cancer was advertised between October 27, 2022, and February 27, 2023. Quantitative responses were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Free-text responses were coded deductively and summarised using content analysis. RESULTS In total, 551 respondents contributed data to the survey. There was strong support for cancer researchers sharing non-human and de-identified human research data with clinicians (90% and 95%, respectively) and non-profit researchers (both 94%). However, fewer participants supported sharing data with for-profit researchers (both 64%) or publicly (both 61%). When asked if they would hypothetically consent to researchers at their treatment location using and sharing their de-identified data publicly, only half agreed. In contrast, after being shown a visual representation of the de-identified survey data, 80% of respondents supported sharing it publicly. CONCLUSION Australians affected by cancer support the sharing of research data, particularly with clinicians and non-profit researchers. Our results also imply that visualization of the data to be shared may enhance support for making it publicly available. These results should help alleviate any concerns about research participants' attitudes toward data sharing, as well as boost researchers' motivation for sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Hamilton
- MetaMelb Research Group, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Everitt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew J Page
- Methods in Evidence Synthesis Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Fidler
- MetaMelb Research Group, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of History & Philosophy of Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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Miyahira AK, Soule HR. The 30th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat Report. Prostate 2024. [PMID: 39021296 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 30th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) Scientific Retreat was held at the Omni La Costa Resort in Carlsbad, CA, from October 26 to 28, 2023. A hybrid component was included for virtual attendees. METHODS The Annual PCF Scientific Retreat is a leading international scientific conference focused on pioneering, unpublished, and impactful studies across the spectrum of basic through clinical prostate cancer research, as well as research from related fields with significant potential for improving prostate cancer research and patient outcomes. RESULTS The 2023 PCF Retreat concentrated on key areas of research, including: (i) the biology of cancer stem cells and prostate cancer lineage plasticity; (ii) mechanisms of treatment resistance; (iii) emerging AI applications in diagnostic medicine; (iv) analytical and computational biology approaches in cancer research; (v) the role of nerves in prostate cancer; (vi) the biology of prostate cancer bone metastases; (vii) the contribution of ancestry and genomics to prostate cancer disparities; (viii) prostate cancer 3D genomics; (ix) progress in new targets and treatments for prostate cancer; (x) the biology and translational applications of tumor extracellular vesicles; (xi) updates from PCF TACTICAL Award teams; (xii) novel platforms for small molecule molecular glues and binding inhibitors; and (xiii) diversity, equity and inclusion strategies for advancing cancer care equity. CONCLUSIONS This meeting report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2023 PCF Scientific Retreat. We hope that sharing this information will deepen our understanding of current and emerging research and drive future advancements in prostate cancer patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Miyahira
- Department of Science, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Howard R Soule
- Department of Science, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, USA
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Bortel P, Hagn G, Skos L, Bileck A, Paulitschke V, Paulitschke P, Gleiter L, Mohr T, Gerner C, Meier-Menches SM. Memory effects of prior subculture may impact the quality of multiomic perturbation profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313851121. [PMID: 38976734 PMCID: PMC11260104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313851121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based omics technologies are increasingly used in perturbation studies to map drug effects to biological pathways by identifying significant molecular events. Significance is influenced by fold change and variation of each molecular parameter, but also by multiple testing corrections. While the fold change is largely determined by the biological system, the variation is determined by experimental workflows. Here, it is shown that memory effects of prior subculture can influence the variation of perturbation profiles using the two colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 and HCT116. These memory effects are largely driven by differences in growth states that persist into the perturbation experiment. In SW480 cells, memory effects combined with moderate treatment effects amplify the variation in multiple omics levels, including eicosadomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics. With stronger treatment effects, the memory effect was less pronounced, as demonstrated in HCT116 cells. Subculture homogeneity was controlled by real-time monitoring of cell growth. Controlled homogeneous subculture resulted in a perturbation network of 321 causal conjectures based on combined proteomic and phosphoproteomic data, compared to only 58 causal conjectures without controlling subculture homogeneity in SW480 cells. Some cellular responses and regulatory events were identified that extend the mode of action of arsenic trioxide (ATO) only when accounting for these memory effects. Controlled prior subculture led to the finding of a synergistic combination treatment of ATO with the thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor auranofin, which may prove useful in the management of NRF2-mediated resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bortel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hagn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Lukas Skos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Verena Paulitschke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Philipp Paulitschke
- PHIO scientific GmbH, Munich81371, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich80539, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mohr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Center of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
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5
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Jacobs MN, Hoffmann S, Hollnagel HM, Kern P, Kolle SN, Natsch A, Landsiedel R. Avoiding a reproducibility crisis in regulatory toxicology-on the fundamental role of ring trials. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2047-2063. [PMID: 38689008 PMCID: PMC11169035 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing transition from chemical hazard and risk assessment based on animal studies to assessment relying mostly on non-animal data, requires a multitude of novel experimental methods, and this means that guidance on the validation and standardisation of test methods intended for international applicability and acceptance, needs to be updated. These so-called new approach methodologies (NAMs) must be applicable to the chemical regulatory domain and provide reliable data which are relevant to hazard and risk assessment. Confidence in and use of NAMs will depend on their reliability and relevance, and both are thoroughly assessed by validation. Validation is, however, a time- and resource-demanding process. As updates on validation guidance are conducted, the valuable components must be kept: Reliable data are and will remain fundamental. In 2016, the scientific community was made aware of the general crisis in scientific reproducibility-validated methods must not fall into this. In this commentary, we emphasize the central importance of ring trials in the validation of experimental methods. Ring trials are sometimes considered to be a major hold-up with little value added to the validation. Here, we clarify that ring trials are indispensable to demonstrate the robustness and reproducibility of a new method. Further, that methods do fail in method transfer and ring trials due to different stumbling blocks, but these provide learnings to ensure the robustness of new methods. At the same time, we identify what it would take to perform ring trials more efficiently, and how ring trials fit into the much-needed update to the guidance on the validation of NAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam N Jacobs
- Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (RCE), Department of Toxicology, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | | | | | - Petra Kern
- Procter & Gamble Services Company NV, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Susanne N Kolle
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
- Free University of Berlin, Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Pathmendra P, Park Y, Enguita FJ, Byrne JA. Verification of nucleotide sequence reagent identities in original publications in high impact factor cancer research journals. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5049-5066. [PMID: 38194106 PMCID: PMC11166861 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Human gene research studies that describe wrongly identified nucleotide sequence reagents have been mostly identified in journals of low to moderate impact factor, where unreliable findings could be considered to have limited influence on future research. This study examined whether papers describing wrongly identified nucleotide sequences are also published in high-impact-factor cancer research journals. We manually verified nucleotide sequence identities in original Molecular Cancer articles published in 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020, including nucleotide sequence reagents that were claimed to target circRNAs. Using keywords identified in some 2018 and 2020 Molecular Cancer papers, we also verified nucleotide sequence identities in 2020 Oncogene papers that studied miRNA(s) and/or circRNA(s). Overall, 3.8% (251/6647) and 4.0% (47/1165) nucleotide sequences that were verified in Molecular Cancer and Oncogene papers, respectively, were found to be wrongly identified. Wrongly identified nucleotide sequences were distributed across 18% (91/500) original Molecular Cancer papers, including 38% (31/82) Molecular Cancer papers from 2020, and 40% (21/52) selected Oncogene papers from 2020. Original papers with wrongly identified nucleotide sequences were therefore unexpectedly frequent in two high-impact-factor cancer research journals, highlighting the risks of employing journal impact factors or citations as proxies for research quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranujan Pathmendra
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yasunori Park
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jennifer A Byrne
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- NSW Health Statewide Biobank, NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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7
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Mendes BB, Zhang Z, Conniot J, Sousa DP, Ravasco JMJM, Onweller LA, Lorenc A, Rodrigues T, Reker D, Conde J. A large-scale machine learning analysis of inorganic nanoparticles in preclinical cancer research. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:867-878. [PMID: 38750164 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their distinct physical and chemical properties, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promising results in preclinical cancer therapy, but designing and engineering them for effective therapeutic purposes remains a challenge. Although a comprehensive database of inorganic NP research is not currently available, it is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies. In this context, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative tool, but its adaptation to nanomedicine is hindered by inexistent or small datasets. Here we assembled a large database of inorganic NPs, comprising experimental datasets from 745 preclinical studies in cancer nanomedicine. Using descriptive statistics and explainable ML models we mined this database to gain knowledge of inorganic NP design patterns and inform future NP research for cancer treatment. Our analyses suggest that NP shape and therapy type are prominent features in determining in vivo efficacy, measured as a percentage of tumour reduction. Moreover, our database provides a large-scale open-access resource for discriminative ML that the broader nanotechnology community can utilize. Our work blueprints data mining for translational cancer research and offers evidence for standardizing NP reporting to accelerate and de-risk inorganic NP-based drug delivery, which may help to improve patient outcomes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara B Mendes
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Zilu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - João Conniot
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana P Sousa
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João M J M Ravasco
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lauren A Onweller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andżelika Lorenc
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biopharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Daniel Reker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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8
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Lopez DA, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Subramaniam P, Adise S, Bottenhorn KL, Badilla P, Mukwekwerere E, Tally L, Ahanmisi O, Bedichek IL, Matera SD, Perez-Tamayo GM, Sissons N, Winters O, Harkness A, Nakiyingi E, Encizo J, Xiang Z, Wilson IG, Smith AN, Hill AR, Adames AK, Robertson E, Boughter JR, Lopez-Flores A, Skoler ER, Dorholt L, Nagel BJ, Huber RS. Transparency and Reproducibility in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.30.24308222. [PMID: 38854118 PMCID: PMC11160844 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.24308222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Transparency can build trust in the scientific process, but scientific findings can be undermined by poor and obscure data use and reporting practices. The purpose of this work is to report how data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study has been used to date, and to provide practical recommendations on how to improve the transparency and reproducibility of findings. Methods Articles published from 2017 to 2023 that used ABCD Study data were reviewed using more than 30 data extraction items to gather information on data use practices. Total frequencies were reported for each extraction item, along with computation of a Level of Completeness (LOC) score that represented overall endorsement of extraction items. Univariate linear regression models were used to examine the correlation between LOC scores and individual extraction items. Post hoc analysis included examination of whether LOC scores were correlated with the logged 2-year journal impact factor. Results There were 549 full-length articles included in the main analysis. Analytic scripts were shared in 30% of full-length articles. The number of participants excluded due to missing data was reported in 60% of articles, and information on missing data for individual variables (e.g., household income) was provided in 38% of articles. A table describing the analytic sample was included in 83% of articles. A race and/or ethnicity variable was included in 78% of reviewed articles, while its inclusion was justified in only 41% of these articles. LOC scores were highly correlated with extraction items related to examination of missing data. A bottom 10% of LOC score was significantly correlated with a lower logged journal impact factor when compared to the top 10% of LOC scores (β=-0.77, 95% -1.02, -0.51; p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion These findings highlight opportunities for improvement in future papers using ABCD Study data to readily adapt analytic practices for better transparency and reproducibility efforts. A list of recommendations is provided to facilitate adherence in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Center for Mental Health Innovation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Shana Adise
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine L. Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paola Badilla
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ellen Mukwekwerere
- Department of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Laila Tally
- Center for Children and Families and Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Omoengheme Ahanmisi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isabelle L. Bedichek
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Serena D. Matera
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory Department of Neuroscience and The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Nicholas Sissons
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Owen Winters
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Anya Harkness
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Elizabeth Nakiyingi
- Department of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennell Encizo
- Department of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zhuoran Xiang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Isabelle G. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allison N. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anthony R. Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amanda K. Adames
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Elizabeth Robertson
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joseph R. Boughter
- Department of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Arturo Lopez-Flores
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Emma R. Skoler
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Lyndsey Dorholt
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Center for Mental Health Innovation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rebekah S. Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Center for Mental Health Innovation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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9
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Browne DJ, Miller CM, Doolan DL. Technical pitfalls when collecting, cryopreserving, thawing, and stimulating human T-cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382192. [PMID: 38812513 PMCID: PMC11133553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The collection, cryopreservation, thawing, and culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can profoundly influence T cell viability and immunogenicity. Gold-standard PBMC processing protocols have been developed by the Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination (HANC); however, these protocols are not universally observed. Herein, we have explored the current literature assessing how technical variation during PBMC processing can influence cellular viability and T cell immunogenicity, noting inconsistent findings between many of these studies. Amid the mounting concerns over scientific replicability, there is growing acknowledgement that improved methodological rigour and transparent reporting is required to facilitate independent reproducibility. This review highlights that in human T cell studies, this entails adopting stringent standardised operating procedures (SOPs) for PBMC processing. We specifically propose the use of HANC's Cross-Network PBMC Processing SOP, when collecting and cryopreserving PBMCs, and the HANC member network International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) PBMC Thawing SOP when thawing PBMCs. These stringent and detailed protocols include comprehensive reporting procedures to document unavoidable technical variations, such as delayed processing times. Additionally, we make further standardisation and reporting recommendations to minimise and document variability during this critical experimental period. This review provides a detailed overview of the challenges inherent to a procedure often considered routine, highlighting the importance of carefully considering each aspect of SOPs for PBMC collection, cryopreservation, thawing, and culture to ensure accurate interpretation and comparison between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Browne
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine M. Miller
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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10
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Weissgerber TL, Gazda MA, Nilsonne G, Ter Riet G, Cobey KD, Prieß-Buchheit J, Noro J, Schulz R, Tijdink JK, Bobrov E, Bannach-Brown A, Franzen DL, Moschini U, Naudet F, Mansmann U, Salholz-Hillel M, Bandrowski A, Macleod MR. Understanding the provenance and quality of methods is essential for responsible reuse of FAIR data. Nat Med 2024; 30:1220-1221. [PMID: 38514869 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Weissgerber
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Gustav Nilsonne
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish National Data Service, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerben Ter Riet
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly D Cobey
- Meta-Research and Open Science Program, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jorge Noro
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Robert Schulz
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joeri K Tijdink
- AmsterdamUMC, location VUmc, Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evgeny Bobrov
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bannach-Brown
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Delwen L Franzen
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ugo Moschini
- Data Analysis Office, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Florian Naudet
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, CIC 1414 (Center of Clinical Investigation of Rennes), Rennes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Department of Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maia Salholz-Hillel
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita Bandrowski
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- BIH Visiting Professor (funded by Stiftung Charité), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Song J, Solmi M, Carvalho AF, Shin JI, Ioannidis JP. Twelve years after the ARRIVE guidelines: Animal research has not yet arrived at high standards. Lab Anim 2024; 58:109-115. [PMID: 37728936 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231181658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The reproducibility crisis across animal studies jeopardizes the credibility of the main findings derived from animal research, even though these findings are critical for informing human studies. To clarify and improve transparency among animal studies, the ARRIVE reporting guidelines were first announced in 2010 and upgraded to version 2.0 in 2020. However, compliance with and awareness of those reporting guidelines has remained suboptimal. Journal editors should encourage the authors to adhere to those guidelines. Authors, editors, referees, and reviewers should be aware of the ARRIVE guideline 2.0 when assessing and evaluating the methodology and findings of animal studies. However, we should also question whether reporting guidelines alone can change a research culture and improve the reproducibility of animal investigations. Reported research may not reflect actual research. Large segments of animal research efforts are wasted because of poor design choices and because of non-publication rather than suboptimal reporting. Better training of the scientific workforce, interventions at improving animal research at the design stage, registration practices, and alignment of the reward system with the publication of rigorous animal research may achieve more than reporting guidelines alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Song
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Center for Medical Education Training and Professional Development in Yonsei-Donggok Medical Education Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Underwood Meta-research Center, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - John Pa Ioannidis
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Health, Biomedical Data Science, and Statistics, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, USA
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12
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Baran JK, Kosztyła P, Antoł W, Labocha MK, Sychta K, Drobniak SM, Prokop ZM. Reproductive system, temperature, and genetic background effects in experimentally evolving populations of Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300276. [PMID: 38557670 PMCID: PMC10984399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental evolution (EE) is a powerful research framework for gaining insights into many biological questions, including the evolution of reproductive systems. We designed a long-term and highly replicated EE project using the nematode C. elegans, with the main aim of investigating the impact of reproductive system on adaptation and diversification under environmental challenge. From the laboratory-adapted strain N2, we derived isogenic lines and introgressed the fog-2(q71) mutation, which changes the reproductive system from nearly exclusive selfing to obligatory outcrossing, independently into 3 of them. This way, we obtained 3 pairs of isogenic ancestral populations differing in reproductive system; from these, we derived replicate EE populations and let them evolve in either novel (increased temperature) or control conditions for over 100 generations. Subsequently, fitness of both EE and ancestral populations was assayed under the increased temperature conditions. Importantly, each population was assayed in 2-4 independent blocks, allowing us to gain insight into the reproducibility of fitness scores. We expected to find upward fitness divergence, compared to ancestors, in populations which had evolved in this treatment, particularly in the outcrossing ones due to the benefits of genetic shuffling. However, our data did not support these predictions. The first major finding was very strong effect of replicate block on populations' fitness scores. This indicates that despite standardization procedures, some important environmental effects were varying among blocks, and possibly compounded by epigenetic inheritance. Our second key finding was that patterns of EE populations' divergence from ancestors differed among the ancestral isolines, suggesting that research conclusions derived for any particular genetic background should never be generalized without sampling a wider set of backgrounds. Overall, our results support the calls to pay more attention to biological variability when designing studies and interpreting their results, and to avoid over-generalizations of outcomes obtained for specific genetic and/or environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K. Baran
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Kosztyła
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Weronika Antoł
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta K. Labocha
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Sychta
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon M. Drobniak
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zofia M. Prokop
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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13
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Lasko TA, Strobl EV, Stead WW. Why do probabilistic clinical models fail to transport between sites. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:53. [PMID: 38429353 PMCID: PMC10907678 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising popularity of artificial intelligence in healthcare is highlighting the problem that a computational model achieving super-human clinical performance at its training sites may perform substantially worse at new sites. In this perspective, we argue that we should typically expect this failure to transport, and we present common sources for it, divided into those under the control of the experimenter and those inherent to the clinical data-generating process. Of the inherent sources we look a little deeper into site-specific clinical practices that can affect the data distribution, and propose a potential solution intended to isolate the imprint of those practices on the data from the patterns of disease cause and effect that are the usual target of probabilistic clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Lasko
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Eric V Strobl
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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14
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Silverstein P, Elman C, Montoya A, McGillivray B, Pennington CR, Harrison CH, Steltenpohl CN, Röer JP, Corker KS, Charron LM, Elsherif M, Malicki M, Hayes-Harb R, Grinschgl S, Neal T, Evans TR, Karhulahti VM, Krenzer WLD, Belaus A, Moreau D, Burin DI, Chin E, Plomp E, Mayo-Wilson E, Lyle J, Adler JM, Bottesini JG, Lawson KM, Schmidt K, Reneau K, Vilhuber L, Waltman L, Gernsbacher MA, Plonski PE, Ghai S, Grant S, Christian TM, Ngiam W, Syed M. A guide for social science journal editors on easing into open science. Res Integr Peer Rev 2024; 9:2. [PMID: 38360805 PMCID: PMC10870631 DOI: 10.1186/s41073-023-00141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Journal editors have a large amount of power to advance open science in their respective fields by incentivising and mandating open policies and practices at their journals. The Data PASS Journal Editors Discussion Interface (JEDI, an online community for social science journal editors: www.dpjedi.org ) has collated several resources on embedding open science in journal editing ( www.dpjedi.org/resources ). However, it can be overwhelming as an editor new to open science practices to know where to start. For this reason, we created a guide for journal editors on how to get started with open science. The guide outlines steps that editors can take to implement open policies and practices within their journal, and goes through the what, why, how, and worries of each policy and practice. This manuscript introduces and summarizes the guide (full guide: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/hstcx ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Silverstein
- Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, USA.
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education, Preston, UK.
| | - Colin Elman
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Amanda Montoya
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Charlotte R Pennington
- School of Psychology, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Jan Philipp Röer
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Lisa M Charron
- American Family Insurance Data Science Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elsherif
- Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mario Malicki
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Stanford Program On Research Rigor and Reproducibility, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | | | - Tess Neal
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
- School of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Thomas Rhys Evans
- School of Human Sciences and Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Veli-Matti Karhulahti
- Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Anabel Belaus
- National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Debora I Burin
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Esther Plomp
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- The, The Alan Turing Institute, Turing Way, London, UK
| | - Evan Mayo-Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jared Lyle
- Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Julia G Bottesini
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | | | | | - Kyrani Reneau
- Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Lars Vilhuber
- Economics Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Ludo Waltman
- Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul E Plonski
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, USA
| | - Sakshi Ghai
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, USA
| | - Sean Grant
- HEDCO Institute for Evidence-Based Practice, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - Thu-Mai Christian
- Odum Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - William Ngiam
- Institute of Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Moin Syed
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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15
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Schueler J, Sjöman H, Kriesi C. Sensor extended imaging workflow for creating fit for purpose models in basic and applied cell biology. Commun Biol 2024; 7:170. [PMID: 38341479 PMCID: PMC10858951 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
While various engineering disciplines spent years on developing methods and workflows to increase their R&D efficiency, the field of cell biology has seen limited evolution in the fundamental approaches to interact with living cells. Perturbations are mostly of chemical nature, and physiologically relevant contexts and stimuli are left with limited attention, resulting in a solution space constrained within the boundaries of presently manageable perturbations. To predict in the laboratory how a drug will work in a human patient, cell biology must have a closer look at life and strive to mimic the human being in all his complexity. By implementing an iterative process from perturbation to measurement and vice versa, the authors suggest using a sensor-extended imaging workflow to implement product development practices to cell biology, opening a physiologically relevant solution space for the development of truly translational and predictive fit for purpose in vitro cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schueler
- Charles River Germany GmbH, Am Flughafen 12-14, 79111, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Heikki Sjöman
- Vitroscope AS, Leirfossvegen 5d, 7037, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Carlo Kriesi
- Vitroscope AS, Leirfossvegen 5d, 7037, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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Grimes DR. Region of Attainable Redaction, an extension of Ellipse of Insignificance analysis for gauging impacts of data redaction in dichotomous outcome trials. eLife 2024; 13:e93050. [PMID: 38284745 PMCID: PMC10871715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In biomedical science, it is a reality that many published results do not withstand deeper investigation, and there is growing concern over a replicability crisis in science. Recently, Ellipse of Insignificance (EOI) analysis was introduced as a tool to allow researchers to gauge the robustness of reported results in dichotomous outcome design trials, giving precise deterministic values for the degree of miscoding between events and non-events tolerable simultaneously in both control and experimental arms (Grimes, 2022). While this is useful for situations where potential miscoding might transpire, it does not account for situations where apparently significant findings might result from accidental or deliberate data redaction in either the control or experimental arms of an experiment, or from missing data or systematic redaction. To address these scenarios, we introduce Region of Attainable Redaction (ROAR), a tool that extends EOI analysis to account for situations of potential data redaction. This produces a bounded cubic curve rather than an ellipse, and we outline how this can be used to identify potential redaction through an approach analogous to EOI. Applications are illustrated, and source code, including a web-based implementation that performs EOI and ROAR analysis in tandem for dichotomous outcome trials is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Robert Grimes
- School of Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City UniversityDublinIreland
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17
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Hasselgren C, Oprea TI. Artificial Intelligence for Drug Discovery: Are We There Yet? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:527-550. [PMID: 37738505 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-040323-040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is adapting to novel technologies such as data science, informatics, and artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate effective treatment development while reducing costs and animal experiments. AI is transforming drug discovery, as indicated by increasing interest from investors, industrial and academic scientists, and legislators. Successful drug discovery requires optimizing properties related to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical outcomes. This review discusses the use of AI in the three pillars of drug discovery: diseases, targets, and therapeutic modalities, with a focus on small-molecule drugs. AI technologies, such as generative chemistry, machine learning, and multiproperty optimization, have enabled several compounds to enter clinical trials. The scientific community must carefully vet known information to address the reproducibility crisis. The full potential of AI in drug discovery can only be realized with sufficient ground truth and appropriate human intervention at later pipeline stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Hasselgren
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- Expert Systems Inc., San Diego, California, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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18
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Piekniewska A, Anderson N, Roelandse M, Lloyd KCK, Korf I, Voss SR, de Castro G, Magnani DM, Varga Z, James-Zorn C, Horb M, Grethe JS, Bandrowski A. Do organisms need an impact factor? Citations of key biological resources including model organisms reveal usage patterns and impact. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575636. [PMID: 38293091 PMCID: PMC10827057 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Research resources like transgenic animals and antibodies are the workhorses of biomedicine, enabling investigators to relatively easily study specific disease conditions. As key biological resources, transgenic animals and antibodies are often validated, maintained, and distributed from university based stock centers. As these centers heavily rely largely on grant funding, it is critical that they are cited by investigators so that usage can be tracked. However, unlike systems for tracking the impact of papers, the conventions and systems for tracking key resource usage and impact lag behind. Previous studies have shown that about 50% of the resources are not findable, making the studies they are supporting irreproducible, but also makes tracking resources difficult. The RRID project is filling this gap by working with journals and resource providers to improve citation practices and to track the usage of these key resources. Here, we reviewed 10 years of citation practices for five university based stock centers, characterizing each reference into two broad categories: findable (authors could use the RRID, stock number, or full name) and not findable (authors could use a nickname or a common name that is not unique to the resource). The data revealed that when stock centers asked their communities to cite resources by RRID, in addition to helping stock centers more easily track resource usage by increasing the number of RRID papers, authors shifted from citing resources predominantly by nickname (~50% of the time) to citing them by one of the findable categories (~85%) in a matter of several years. In the case of one stock center, the MMRRC, the improvement in findability is also associated with improvements in the adherence to NIH rigor criteria, as determined by a significant increase in the Rigor and Transparency Index for studies using MMRRC mice. From this data, it was not possible to determine whether outreach to authors or changes to stock center websites drove better citation practices, but findability of research resources and rigor adherence was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Ian Korf
- University of California Davis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; UC Davis Genome Center
| | - S Randal Voss
- Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky
| | | | | | - Zoltan Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon
| | - Christina James-Zorn
- Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Division of Developmental Biology, www.Xenbase.org
| | - Marko Horb
- National Xenopus Resource, Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory
| | - Jeffery S Grethe
- University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience
| | - Anita Bandrowski
- University of California at San Diego, Department of Neuroscience; SciCrunch Inc
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19
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Errington TM. Building reproducible bridges to cross the "valley of death". J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177383. [PMID: 38165039 PMCID: PMC10760970 DOI: 10.1172/jci177383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
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20
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Petersen IT, Apfelbaum KS, McMurray B. Adapting Open Science and Pre-registration to Longitudinal Research. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2024; 33:e2315. [PMID: 38425545 PMCID: PMC10904029 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Open science practices, such as pre-registration and data sharing, increase transparency and may improve the replicability of developmental science. However, developmental science has lagged behind other fields in implementing open science practices. This lag may arise from unique challenges and considerations of longitudinal research. In this paper, preliminary guidelines are provided for adapting open science practices to longitudinal research to facilitate researchers' use of these practices. The guidelines propose a serial and modular approach to registration that includes an initial pre-registration of the methods and focal hypotheses of the longitudinal study, along with subsequent pre- or co-registered questions, hypotheses, and analysis plans associated with specific papers. Researchers are encouraged to share their research materials and relevant data with associated papers, and to report sufficient information for replicability. In addition, there should be careful consideration about requirements regarding the timing of data sharing, to avoid disincentivizing longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac T Petersen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa
| | | | - Bob McMurray
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Department of Linguistics, University of Iowa
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21
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Grimes DR. Is biomedical research self-correcting? Modelling insights on the persistence of spurious science. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231056. [PMID: 38298396 PMCID: PMC10827424 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The reality that volumes of published biomedical research are not reproducible is an increasingly recognized problem. Spurious results reduce trustworthiness of reported science, increasing research waste. While science should be self-correcting from a philosophical perspective, that in insolation yields no information on efforts required to nullify suspect findings or factors shaping how quickly science may be corrected. There is also a paucity of information on how perverse incentives in the publishing ecosystem favouring novel positive findings over null results shape the ability of published science to self-correct. Knowledge of factors shaping self-correction of science remain obscure, limiting our ability to mitigate harms. This modelling study introduces a simple model to capture dynamics of the publication ecosystem, exploring factors influencing research waste, trustworthiness, corrective effort and time to correction. Results from this work indicate that research waste and corrective effort are highly dependent on field-specific false positive rates and time delays to corrective results to spurious findings are propagated. The model also suggests conditions under which biomedical science is self-correcting and those under which publication of correctives alone cannot stem propagation of untrustworthy results. Finally, this work models a variety of potential mitigation strategies, including researcher- and publisher-driven interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Robert Grimes
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Wittner R, Holub P, Mascia C, Frexia F, Müller H, Plass M, Allocca C, Betsou F, Burdett T, Cancio I, Chapman A, Chapman M, Courtot M, Curcin V, Eder J, Elliot M, Exter K, Goble C, Golebiewski M, Kisler B, Kremer A, Leo S, Lin‐Gibson S, Marsano A, Mattavelli M, Moore J, Nakae H, Perseil I, Salman A, Sluka J, Soiland‐Reyes S, Strambio‐De‐Castillia C, Sussman M, Swedlow JR, Zatloukal K, Geiger J. Toward a common standard for data and specimen provenance in life sciences. Learn Health Syst 2024; 8:e10365. [PMID: 38249839 PMCID: PMC10797572 DOI: 10.1002/lrh2.10365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Open and practical exchange, dissemination, and reuse of specimens and data have become a fundamental requirement for life sciences research. The quality of the data obtained and thus the findings and knowledge derived is thus significantly influenced by the quality of the samples, the experimental methods, and the data analysis. Therefore, a comprehensive and precise documentation of the pre-analytical conditions, the analytical procedures, and the data processing are essential to be able to assess the validity of the research results. With the increasing importance of the exchange, reuse, and sharing of data and samples, procedures are required that enable cross-organizational documentation, traceability, and non-repudiation. At present, this information on the provenance of samples and data is mostly either sparse, incomplete, or incoherent. Since there is no uniform framework, this information is usually only provided within the organization and not interoperably. At the same time, the collection and sharing of biological and environmental specimens increasingly require definition and documentation of benefit sharing and compliance to regulatory requirements rather than consideration of pure scientific needs. In this publication, we present an ongoing standardization effort to provide trustworthy machine-actionable documentation of the data lineage and specimens. We would like to invite experts from the biotechnology and biomedical fields to further contribute to the standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Wittner
- BBMRI‐ERICGrazAustria
- Institute of Computer Science & Faculty of InformaticsMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzechia
| | - Petr Holub
- BBMRI‐ERICGrazAustria
- Institute of Computer Science & Faculty of InformaticsMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzechia
| | - Cecilia Mascia
- CRS4—Center for Advanced StudiesResearch and Development in SardiniaPulaItaly
| | - Francesca Frexia
- CRS4—Center for Advanced StudiesResearch and Development in SardiniaPulaItaly
| | | | | | - Clare Allocca
- National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Fay Betsou
- Biological Resource Center of Institut Pasteur (CRBIP)ParisFrance
| | - Tony Burdett
- EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)CambridgeUK
| | - Ibon Cancio
- Plentzia Marine Station (PiE‐UPV/EHU)University of the Basque Country, EMBRC‐SpainBilbaoSpain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Elliot
- Department of Social Statistics, School of Social SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Katrina Exter
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), EMBRC‐BelgiumOstendBelgium
| | - Carole Goble
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Martin Golebiewski
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS gGmbH)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | | | - Simone Leo
- CRS4—Center for Advanced StudiesResearch and Development in SardiniaPulaItaly
| | | | - Anna Marsano
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Marco Mattavelli
- SCI‐STI‐MMÉcole Politechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Josh Moore
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression and Division of Computational Biology, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
- German BioImaging–Gesellschaft für Mikroskopie und Bildanalyse e.V.KonstanzGermany
| | - Hiroki Nakae
- Japan bio‐Measurement and Analysis ConsortiumTokyoJapan
| | - Isabelle Perseil
- INSERM–Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche MedicaleParisFrance
| | - Ayat Salman
- Standards Council of CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) Department of Family MedicineQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - James Sluka
- Biocomplexity InstituteIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Stian Soiland‐Reyes
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Informatics InstituteUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Michael Sussman
- US Department of AgricultureWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jason R. Swedlow
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression and Division of Computational Biology, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | | | - Jörg Geiger
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data Würzburg (ibdw)WürzburgGermany
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23
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Forester S, Jennings-Dobbs E, Burton-Freeman B. Development of a Comprehensive Food Data Citation Standard: A Surprising Gap in the Nutrition Research Literature. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102048. [PMID: 38156342 PMCID: PMC10751823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no standard for the citation of food composition data. This leads to the questions: how are food and nutrient data cited in research papers, and are they presented in a way that allows studies to be reproduced? To answer these questions, we performed a review of the literature and quantified the accuracy and completeness of data citations from publications (January to December 2020) in the top 5 nutrition journals as ranked by the Scimago Journal Rankings. We then performed a review of citation guidelines currently in place in other disciplines. Similar to the requirement of completing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist for systematic reviews, we have developed a comprehensive data citation checklist, the Comprehensive Food Data Citation (CFDC) checklist. The CFDC checklist was developed through a benchmarking assessment against established data citation standards. Its purpose is to establish a standardized, best-practice approach for reporting food composition data. The CFDC checklist has been designed to cater to both publishers and authors, ensuring consistency and accuracy in food composition data reporting. The CFDC checklist is also available as an interactive citation generator to facilitate the adoption of consistent and comprehensive citation of food composition data and is available at https://www.nutrientinstitute.org/cfdc. Despite general agreement that accurate data citation is paramount, this is the first citation standard specifically developed to capture food composition data. Because food composition data are the foundation of nutrition research, our proposed guidelines aim to provide the field with a much-needed foundation for acknowledging and sharing data in a way that fosters reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavawn Forester
- Nutrient Institute, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Emily Jennings-Dobbs
- Nutrient Institute, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
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24
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Bullock GS, Ward P, Impellizzeri FM, Kluzek S, Hughes T, Hillman C, Waterman BR, Danelson K, Henry K, Barr E, Healy K, Räisänen AM, Gomez C, Fernandez G, Wolf J, Nicholson KF, Sell T, Zerega R, Dhiman P, Riley RD, Collins GS. Up Front and Open? Shrouded in Secrecy? Or Somewhere in Between? A Meta-Research Systematic Review of Open Science Practices in Sport Medicine Research. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023; 53:1-13. [PMID: 37860866 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2023.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate open science practices in research published in the top 5 sports medicine journals from May 1, 2022, and October 1, 2022. DESIGN: A meta-research systematic review. LITERATURE SEARCH: Open science practices were searched in MEDLINE. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included original scientific research published in one of the identified top 5 sports medicine journals in 2022 as ranked by Clarivate: (1) British Journal of Sports Medicine, (2) Journal of Sport and Health Science, (3) American Journal of Sports Medicine, (4) Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, and (5) Sports Medicine-Open. Studies were excluded if they were systematic reviews, qualitative research, gray literature, or animal or cadaver models. DATA SYNTHESIS: Open science practices were extracted in accordance with the Transparency and Openness Promotion guidelines and patient and public involvement. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-three studies were included. The median number of open science practices in each study was 2, out of a maximum of 12 (range: 0-8; interquartile range: 2). Two hundred thirty-four studies (96%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 94%-99%) provided an author conflict-of-interest statement and 163 (67%, 95% CI: 62%-73%) reported funding. Twenty-one studies (9%, 95% CI: 5%-12%) provided open-access data. Fifty-four studies (22%, 95% CI: 17%-27%) included a data availability statement and 3 (1%, 95% CI: 0%-3%) made code available. Seventy-six studies (32%, 95% CI: 25%-37%) had transparent materials and 30 (12%, 95% CI: 8%-16%) used a reporting guideline. Twenty-eight studies (12%, 95% CI: 8%-16%) were preregistered. Six studies (3%, 95% CI: 1%-4%) published a protocol. Four studies (2%, 95% CI: 0%-3%) reported an analysis plan a priori. Seven studies (3%, 95% CI: 1%-5%) reported patient and public involvement. CONCLUSION: Open science practices in the sports medicine field are extremely limited. The least followed practices were sharing code, data, and analysis plans. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(12):1-13. Epub 20 October 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.12016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett S Bullock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Franco M Impellizzeri
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stefan Kluzek
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Sports Medicine Research Department, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- English Institute of Sport, Marlow, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hughes
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Hillman
- Sports Medicine Research Department, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Brian R Waterman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kerry Danelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kaitlin Henry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Emily Barr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kelsey Healy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anu M Räisänen
- Department of Physical Therapy Education - Oregon, College of Health Sciences-Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christina Gomez
- Department of Physical Therapy Education - Oregon, College of Health Sciences-Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR
| | - Garrett Fernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jakob Wolf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kristen F Nicholson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | | | - Paula Dhiman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Riley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Dumanis SB, Ratan K, McIntosh S, Shah HV, Lewis M, Vines TH, Schekman R, Riley EA. From policy to practice: Lessons learned from an open science funding initiative. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011626. [PMID: 38060981 PMCID: PMC10703508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya B. Dumanis
- Coalition for Aligning Science, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristen Ratan
- Strategies for Open Science (Stratos) and Incentivizing Collaborative Open Research (ICOR) Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Souad McIntosh
- DataSeer Research Data Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hetal V. Shah
- Coalition for Aligning Science, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matt Lewis
- Coalition for Aligning Science, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy H. Vines
- DataSeer Research Data Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Randy Schekman
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Ekemini A. Riley
- Coalition for Aligning Science, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
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26
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Kohrs FE, Auer S, Bannach-Brown A, Fiedler S, Haven TL, Heise V, Holman C, Azevedo F, Bernard R, Bleier A, Bössel N, Cahill BP, Castro LJ, Ehrenhofer A, Eichel K, Frank M, Frick C, Friese M, Gärtner A, Gierend K, Grüning DJ, Hahn L, Hülsemann M, Ihle M, Illius S, König L, König M, Kulke L, Kutlin A, Lammers F, Mehler DMA, Miehl C, Müller-Alcazar A, Neuendorf C, Niemeyer H, Pargent F, Peikert A, Pfeuffer CU, Reinecke R, Röer JP, Rohmann JL, Sánchez-Tójar A, Scherbaum S, Sixtus E, Spitzer L, Straßburger VM, Weber M, Whitmire CJ, Zerna J, Zorbek D, Zumstein P, Weissgerber TL. Eleven strategies for making reproducible research and open science training the norm at research institutions. eLife 2023; 12:e89736. [PMID: 37994903 PMCID: PMC10666927 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproducible research and open science practices have the potential to accelerate scientific progress by allowing others to reuse research outputs, and by promoting rigorous research that is more likely to yield trustworthy results. However, these practices are uncommon in many fields, so there is a clear need for training that helps and encourages researchers to integrate reproducible research and open science practices into their daily work. Here, we outline eleven strategies for making training in these practices the norm at research institutions. The strategies, which emerged from a virtual brainstorming event organized in collaboration with the German Reproducibility Network, are concentrated in three areas: (i) adapting research assessment criteria and program requirements; (ii) training; (iii) building communities. We provide a brief overview of each strategy, offer tips for implementation, and provide links to resources. We also highlight the importance of allocating resources and monitoring impact. Our goal is to encourage researchers - in their roles as scientists, supervisors, mentors, instructors, and members of curriculum, hiring or evaluation committees - to think creatively about the many ways they can promote reproducible research and open science practices in their institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike E Kohrs
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Susann Auer
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Alexandra Bannach-Brown
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Susann Fiedler
- Department Strategy & Innovation, Vienna University of Economics and BusinessViennaAustria
| | - Tamarinde Laura Haven
- Danish Centre for Studies in Research & Research Policy, Department of Political Science, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Constance Holman
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Flavio Azevedo
- Saxony Center for Criminological ResearchChemnitzGermany
- University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - René Bernard
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Arnim Bleier
- Department for Computational Social Sciences, GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social SciencesCologneGermany
| | - Nicole Bössel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | | | | | - Adrian Ehrenhofer
- Institute of Solid Mechanics & Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Kristina Eichel
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Claudia Frick
- Institute of Information Science, Technische Hochschule KölnKölnGermany
| | - Malte Friese
- Department of Psychology, Saarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
| | - Anne Gärtner
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Kerstin Gierend
- Department of Biomedical Informatics at the Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - David Joachim Grüning
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Survey Development and Methodology, GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social SciencesMannheimGermany
| | - Lena Hahn
- Department of Social Psychology, Universität TrierTrierGermany
| | - Maren Hülsemann
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Malika Ihle
- LMU Open Science Center, Department of Psychology, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Sabrina Illius
- ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Laura König
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Matthias König
- Institute for Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-University BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Louisa Kulke
- Developmental Psychology with Educational Psychology, University of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Anton Kutlin
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex SystemsDresdenGermany
| | - Fritjof Lammers
- Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - David MA Mehler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Christoph Miehl
- Computation in Neural Circuits, Max Planck Institute for Brain ResearchFrankfurtGermany
| | - Anett Müller-Alcazar
- ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Claudia Neuendorf
- Hector-Institute for Education Sciences and Psychology, Eberhard Karls, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Helen Niemeyer
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Aaron Peikert
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human DevelopmentBerlinGermany
| | - Christina U Pfeuffer
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-IngolstadtEichstättGermany
| | - Robert Reinecke
- Institute of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Jan Philipp Röer
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke UniversityWittenGermany
| | - Jessica L Rohmann
- Scientific Directorate, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | | | - Stefan Scherbaum
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Elena Sixtus
- Empirical Childhood Research, University of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Vera Maren Straßburger
- Department of Psychology, Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Gender in Medicine (GiM)BerlinGermany
| | - Marcel Weber
- Department of Psychology, Saarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
| | - Clarissa J Whitmire
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Josephine Zerna
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Dilara Zorbek
- International Graduate Program Medical Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Tracey L Weissgerber
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
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27
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Ivimey-Cook ER, Pick JL, Bairos-Novak KR, Culina A, Gould E, Grainger M, Marshall BM, Moreau D, Paquet M, Royauté R, Sánchez-Tójar A, Silva I, Windecker SM. Implementing code review in the scientific workflow: Insights from ecology and evolutionary biology. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1347-1356. [PMID: 37812156 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Code review increases reliability and improves reproducibility of research. As such, code review is an inevitable step in software development and is common in fields such as computer science. However, despite its importance, code review is noticeably lacking in ecology and evolutionary biology. This is problematic as it facilitates the propagation of coding errors and a reduction in reproducibility and reliability of published results. To address this, we provide a detailed commentary on how to effectively review code, how to set up your project to enable this form of review and detail its possible implementation at several stages throughout the research process. This guide serves as a primer for code review, and adoption of the principles and advice here will go a long way in promoting more open, reliable, and transparent ecology and evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Ivimey-Cook
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joel L Pick
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin R Bairos-Novak
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antica Culina
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elliot Gould
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin M Marshall
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthieu Paquet
- Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Talence, France
| | - Raphaël Royauté
- Université ParisSaclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Inês Silva
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. (HZDR), Görlitz, Germany
| | - Saras M Windecker
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Lyden PD, Diniz MA, Bosetti F, Lamb J, Nagarkatti KA, Rogatko A, Kim S, Cabeen RP, Koenig JI, Akhter K, Arbab AS, Avery BD, Beatty HE, Bibic A, Cao S, Simoes Braga Boisserand L, Chamorro A, Chauhan A, Diaz-Perez S, Dhandapani K, Dhanesha N, Goh A, Herman AL, Hyder F, Imai T, Johnson CW, Khan MB, Kamat P, Karuppagounder SS, Kumskova M, Mihailovic JM, Mandeville JB, Morais A, Patel RB, Sanganahalli BG, Smith C, Shi Y, Sutariya B, Thedens D, Qin T, Velazquez SE, Aronowski J, Ayata C, Chauhan AK, Leira EC, Hess DC, Koehler RC, McCullough LD, Sansing LH. A multi-laboratory preclinical trial in rodents to assess treatment candidates for acute ischemic stroke. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg8656. [PMID: 37729432 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg8656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Human diseases may be modeled in animals to allow preclinical assessment of putative new clinical interventions. Recent, highly publicized failures of large clinical trials called into question the rigor, design, and value of preclinical assessment. We established the Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network (SPAN) to design and implement a randomized, controlled, blinded, multi-laboratory trial for the rigorous assessment of candidate stroke treatments combined with intravascular thrombectomy. Efficacy and futility boundaries in a multi-arm multi-stage statistical design aimed to exclude from further study highly effective or futile interventions after each of four sequential stages. Six independent research laboratories performed a standard focal cerebral ischemic insult in five animal models that included equal numbers of males and females: young mice, young rats, aging mice, mice with diet-induced obesity, and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The laboratories adhered to a common protocol and efficiently enrolled 2615 animals with full data completion and comprehensive animal tracking. SPAN successfully implemented treatment masking, randomization, prerandomization inclusion and exclusion criteria, and blinded assessment of outcomes. The SPAN design and infrastructure provide an effective approach that could be used in similar preclinical, multi-laboratory studies in other disease areas and should help improve reproducibility in translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Lyden
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Márcio A Diniz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Francesca Bosetti
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica Lamb
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Karisma A Nagarkatti
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - André Rogatko
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ryan P Cabeen
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Imaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - James I Koenig
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kazi Akhter
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2625, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912-0004, USA
| | - Brooklyn D Avery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2625, USA
| | - Hannah E Beatty
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Adnan Bibic
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2625, USA
| | - Suyi Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2625, USA
| | | | - Angel Chamorro
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas HSC, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sebastian Diaz-Perez
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Krishnan Dhandapani
- Department Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nirav Dhanesha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew Goh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas HSC, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alison L Herman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Conor W Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mohammad B Khan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pradip Kamat
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Mariia Kumskova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jelena M Mihailovic
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph B Mandeville
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Andreia Morais
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rakesh B Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Cameron Smith
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yanrong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2625, USA
| | - Brijesh Sutariya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Daniel Thedens
- Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sofia E Velazquez
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas HSC, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anil K Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Enrique C Leira
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2625, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas HSC, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Palka JK, Dyba A, Brzozowska J, Antoł W, Sychta K, Prokop ZM. Evolution of fertilization ability in obligatorily outcrossing populations of Caenorhabditis elegans. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15825. [PMID: 37701823 PMCID: PMC10494835 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In species reproducing by selfing, the traits connected with outcrossing typically undergo degeneration, a phenomenon called selfing syndrome. In Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, selfing syndrome affects many traits involved in mating, rendering cross-fertilization highly inefficient. In this study, we investigated the evolution of cross-fertilization efficiency in populations genetically modified to reproduce by obligatory outcrossing. Following the genetic modification, replicate obligatorily outcrossing were maintained for over 100 generations, at either optimal (20 °C) or elevated (24 °C) temperatures, as a part of a broader experimental evolution program. Subsequently, fertilization rates were assayed in the evolving populations, as well as their ancestors who had the obligatory outcrossing introduced but did not go through experimental evolution. Fertilization effectivity was measured by tracking the fractions of fertilized females in age-synchronized populations, through 8 h since reaching adulthood. In order to check the robustness of our measurements, each evolving population was assayed in two or three independent replicate blocks. Indeed, we found high levels of among-block variability in the fertilization trajectories, and in the estimates of divergence between evolving populations and their ancestors. We also identified five populations which appear to have evolved increased fertilization efficiency, relative to their ancestors. However, due to the abovementioned high variability, this set of populations should be treated as candidate, with further replications needed to either confirm or disprove their divergence from ancestors. Furthermore, we also discuss additional observations we have made concerning fertilization trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K. Palka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Alicja Dyba
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Julia Brzozowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Weronika Antoł
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Sychta
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Zofia M. Prokop
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
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Mesquida C, Murphy J, Lakens D, Warne J. Publication bias, statistical power and reporting practices in the Journal of Sports Sciences: potential barriers to replicability. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1507-1517. [PMID: 38018365 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2269357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Two factors that decrease the replicability of studies in the scientific literature are publication bias and studies with underpowered desgins. One way to ensure that studies have adequate statistical power to detect the effect size of interest is by conducting a-priori power analyses. Yet, a previous editorial published in the Journal of Sports Sciences reported a median sample size of 19 and the scarce usage of a-priori power analyses. We meta-analysed 89 studies from the same journal to assess the presence and extent of publication bias, as well as the average statistical power, by conducting a z-curve analysis. In a larger sample of 174 studies, we also examined a) the usage, reporting practices and reproducibility of a-priori power analyses; and b) the prevalence of reporting practices of t-statistic or F-ratio, degrees of freedom, exact p-values, effect sizes and confidence intervals. Our results indicate that there was some indication of publication bias and the average observed power was low (53% for significant and non-significant findings and 61% for only significant findings). Finally, the usage and reporting practices of a-priori power analyses as well as statistical results including test statistics, effect sizes and confidence intervals were suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Mesquida
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniël Lakens
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joe Warne
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Niemeyer H, Knaevelsrud C, van Aert RCM, Ehring T. Research Into Evidence-Based Psychological Interventions Needs a Stronger Focus on Replicability. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2023; 5:e9997. [PMID: 38356898 PMCID: PMC10863633 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.9997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is a precondition for evidence-based practice that research is replicable in a wide variety of clinical settings. Current standards for identifying evidence-based psychological interventions and making recommendations for clinical practice in clinical guidelines include criteria that are relevant for replicability, but a better understanding as well refined definitions of replicability are needed enabling empirical research on this topic. Recent advances on this issue were made in the wider field of psychology and in other disciplines, which offers the opportunity to define and potentially increase replicability also in research on psychological interventions. Method This article proposes a research strategy for assessing, understanding, and improving replicability in research on psychological interventions. Results/Conclusion First, we establish a replication taxonomy ranging from direct to conceptual replication adapted to the field of research on clinical interventions, propose study characteristics that increase the trustworthiness of results, and define statistical criteria for successful replication with respect to the quantitative outcomes of the original and replication studies. Second, we propose how to establish such standards for future research, i.e., in order to design future replication studies for psychological interventions as well as to apply them when investigating which factors are causing the (non-)replicability of findings in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Niemeyer
- Department of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Department of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robbie C. M. van Aert
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Ehring
- Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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32
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Jadavji NM, Haelterman NA, Sud R, Antonietti A. Editorial: Reproducibility in neuroscience. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1271818. [PMID: 37727652 PMCID: PMC10505729 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1271818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa M. Jadavji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nele A. Haelterman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Reeteka Sud
- Center for Brain and Mind, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alberto Antonietti
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Barabási DL, Bianconi G, Bullmore E, Burgess M, Chung S, Eliassi-Rad T, George D, Kovács IA, Makse H, Nichols TE, Papadimitriou C, Sporns O, Stachenfeld K, Toroczkai Z, Towlson EK, Zador AM, Zeng H, Barabási AL, Bernard A, Buzsáki G. Neuroscience Needs Network Science. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5989-5995. [PMID: 37612141 PMCID: PMC10451115 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1014-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a complex system comprising a myriad of interacting neurons, posing significant challenges in understanding its structure, function, and dynamics. Network science has emerged as a powerful tool for studying such interconnected systems, offering a framework for integrating multiscale data and complexity. To date, network methods have significantly advanced functional imaging studies of the human brain and have facilitated the development of control theory-based applications for directing brain activity. Here, we discuss emerging frontiers for network neuroscience in the brain atlas era, addressing the challenges and opportunities in integrating multiple data streams for understanding the neural transitions from development to healthy function to disease. We underscore the importance of fostering interdisciplinary opportunities through workshops, conferences, and funding initiatives, such as supporting students and postdoctoral fellows with interests in both disciplines. By bringing together the network science and neuroscience communities, we can develop novel network-based methods tailored to neural circuits, paving the way toward a deeper understanding of the brain and its functions, as well as offering new challenges for network science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel L Barabási
- Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts
| | - Ginestra Bianconi
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Alan Turing Institute, The British Library, London, NW1 2DB, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - SueYeon Chung
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York 10010
| | - Tina Eliassi-Rad
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
| | | | - István A Kovács
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Hernán Makse
- Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Olaf Sporns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Kim Stachenfeld
- DeepMind, London, EC4A 3TW, United Kingdom
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Zoltán Toroczkai
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Emma K Towlson
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Anthony M Zador
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, 98109, Washington
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, H-1051, Hungary
| | - Amy Bernard
- The Kavli Foundation, Los Angeles, 90230, California
| | - György Buzsáki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016
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Botvinik-Nezer R, Wager TD. Reproducibility in Neuroimaging Analysis: Challenges and Solutions. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:780-788. [PMID: 36906444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have marked a renaissance in efforts to increase research reproducibility in psychology, neuroscience, and related fields. Reproducibility is the cornerstone of a solid foundation of fundamental research-one that will support new theories built on valid findings and technological innovation that works. The increased focus on reproducibility has made the barriers to it increasingly apparent, along with the development of new tools and practices to overcome these barriers. Here, we review challenges, solutions, and emerging best practices with a particular emphasis on neuroimaging studies. We distinguish 3 main types of reproducibility, discussing each in turn. Analytical reproducibility is the ability to reproduce findings using the same data and methods. Replicability is the ability to find an effect in new datasets, using the same or similar methods. Finally, robustness to analytical variability refers to the ability to identify a finding consistently across variation in methods. The incorporation of these tools and practices will result in more reproducible, replicable, and robust psychological and brain research and a stronger scientific foundation across fields of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Botvinik-Nezer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
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35
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Sofi-Mahmudi A, Raittio E, Uribe SE. Transparency of COVID-19-related research: A meta-research study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288406. [PMID: 37494359 PMCID: PMC10370694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the adherence to five transparency practices (data availability, code availability, protocol registration and conflicts of interest (COI), and funding disclosures) from open access Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related articles. METHODS We searched and exported all open access COVID-19-related articles from PubMed-indexed journals in the Europe PubMed Central database published from January 2020 to June 9, 2022. With a validated and automated tool, we detected transparent practices of three paper types: research articles, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and reviews. Basic journal- and article-related information were retrieved from the database. We used R for the descriptive analyses. RESULTS The total number of articles was 258,678, of which we were able to retrieve full texts of 186,157 (72%) articles from the database Over half of the papers (55.7%, n = 103,732) were research articles, 10.9% (n = 20,229) were review articles, and less than one percent (n = 1,202) were RCTs. Approximately nine-tenths of articles (in all three paper types) had a statement to disclose COI. Funding disclosure (83.9%, confidence interval (CI): 81.7-85.8 95%) and protocol registration (53.5%, 95% CI: 50.7-56.3) were more frequent in RCTs than in reviews or research articles. Reviews shared data (2.5%, 95% CI: 2.3-2.8) and code (0.4%, 95% CI: 0.4-0.5) less frequently than RCTs or research articles. Articles published in 2022 had the highest adherence to all five transparency practices. Most of the reviews (62%) and research articles (58%) adhered to two transparency practices, whereas almost half of the RCTs (47%) adhered to three practices. There were journal- and publisher-related differences in all five practices, and articles that did not adhere to transparency practices were more likely published in lowest impact journals and were less likely cited. CONCLUSION While most articles were freely available and had a COI disclosure, adherence to other transparent practices was far from acceptable. A much stronger commitment to open science practices, particularly to protocol registration, data and code sharing, is needed from all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi
- National Pain Centre, Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Seqiz Health Network, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Seqiz, Kurdistan
| | - Eero Raittio
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sergio E Uribe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Hamilton DG, Hong K, Fraser H, Rowhani-Farid A, Fidler F, Page MJ. Prevalence and predictors of data and code sharing in the medical and health sciences: systematic review with meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ 2023; 382:e075767. [PMID: 37433624 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-075767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesise research investigating data and code sharing in medicine and health to establish an accurate representation of the prevalence of sharing, how this frequency has changed over time, and what factors influence availability. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis of individual participant data. DATA SOURCES Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and the preprint servers medRxiv, bioRxiv, and MetaArXiv were searched from inception to 1 July 2021. Forward citation searches were also performed on 30 August 2022. REVIEW METHODS Meta-research studies that investigated data or code sharing across a sample of scientific articles presenting original medical and health research were identified. Two authors screened records, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted summary data from study reports when individual participant data could not be retrieved. Key outcomes of interest were the prevalence of statements that declared that data or code were publicly or privately available (declared availability) and the success rates of retrieving these products (actual availability). The associations between data and code availability and several factors (eg, journal policy, type of data, trial design, and human participants) were also examined. A two stage approach to meta-analysis of individual participant data was performed, with proportions and risk ratios pooled with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The review included 105 meta-research studies examining 2 121 580 articles across 31 specialties. Eligible studies examined a median of 195 primary articles (interquartile range 113-475), with a median publication year of 2015 (interquartile range 2012-2018). Only eight studies (8%) were classified as having a low risk of bias. Meta-analyses showed a prevalence of declared and actual public data availability of 8% (95% confidence interval 5% to 11%) and 2% (1% to 3%), respectively, between 2016 and 2021. For public code sharing, both the prevalence of declared and actual availability were estimated to be <0.5% since 2016. Meta-regressions indicated that only declared public data sharing prevalence estimates have increased over time. Compliance with mandatory data sharing policies ranged from 0% to 100% across journals and varied by type of data. In contrast, success in privately obtaining data and code from authors historically ranged between 0% and 37% and 0% and 23%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The review found that public code sharing was persistently low across medical research. Declarations of data sharing were also low, increasing over time, but did not always correspond to actual sharing of data. The effectiveness of mandatory data sharing policies varied substantially by journal and type of data, a finding that might be informative for policy makers when designing policies and allocating resources to audit compliance. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/7SX8U.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Hamilton
- MetaMelb Research Group, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyungwan Hong
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Fraser
- MetaMelb Research Group, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anisa Rowhani-Farid
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fiona Fidler
- MetaMelb Research Group, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Page
- Methods in Evidence Synthesis Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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McLamore ES, Datta SPA. A Connected World: System-Level Support Through Biosensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:285-309. [PMID: 37018797 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-100322-040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of protecting the health of future generations is a blueprint for future biosensor design. Systems-level decision support requires that biosensors provide meaningful service to society. In this review, we summarize recent developments in cyber physical systems and biosensors connected with decision support. We identify key processes and practices that may guide the establishment of connections between user needs and biosensor engineering using an informatics approach. We call for data science and decision science to be formally connected with sensor science for understanding system complexity and realizing the ambition of biosensors-as-a-service. This review calls for a focus on quality of service early in the design process as a means to improve the meaningful value of a given biosensor. We close by noting that technology development, including biosensors and decision support systems, is a cautionary tale. The economics of scale govern the success, or failure, of any biosensor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S McLamore
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA;
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shoumen P A Datta
- MIT Auto-ID Labs, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Device (MDPnP) Interoperability and Cybersecurity Labs, Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Sterling J, Baker JR, McCluskey A, Munoz L. Systematic literature review reveals suboptimal use of chemical probes in cell-based biomedical research. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3228. [PMID: 37270653 PMCID: PMC10239480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical probes have reached a prominent role in biomedical research, but their impact is governed by experimental design. To gain insight into the use of chemical probes, we conducted a systematic review of 662 publications, understood here as primary research articles, employing eight different chemical probes in cell-based research. We summarised (i) concentration(s) at which chemical probes were used in cell-based assays, (ii) inclusion of structurally matched target-inactive control compounds and (iii) orthogonal chemical probes. Here, we show that only 4% of analysed eligible publications used chemical probes within the recommended concentration range and included inactive compounds as well as orthogonal chemical probes. These findings indicate that the best practice with chemical probes is yet to be implemented in biomedical research. To achieve this, we propose 'the rule of two': At least two chemical probes (either orthogonal target-engaging probes, and/or a pair of a chemical probe and matched target-inactive compound) to be employed at recommended concentrations in every study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden Sterling
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Baker
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Wintle BC, Smith ET, Bush M, Mody F, Wilkinson DP, Hanea AM, Marcoci A, Fraser H, Hemming V, Thorn FS, McBride MF, Gould E, Head A, Hamilton DG, Kambouris S, Rumpff L, Hoekstra R, Burgman MA, Fidler F. Predicting and reasoning about replicability using structured groups. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221553. [PMID: 37293358 PMCID: PMC10245209 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores judgements about the replicability of social and behavioural sciences research and what drives those judgements. Using a mixed methods approach, it draws on qualitative and quantitative data elicited from groups using a structured approach called the IDEA protocol ('investigate', 'discuss', 'estimate' and 'aggregate'). Five groups of five people with relevant domain expertise evaluated 25 research claims that were subject to at least one replication study. Participants assessed the probability that each of the 25 research claims would replicate (i.e. that a replication study would find a statistically significant result in the same direction as the original study) and described the reasoning behind those judgements. We quantitatively analysed possible correlates of predictive accuracy, including self-rated expertise and updating of judgements after feedback and discussion. We qualitatively analysed the reasoning data to explore the cues, heuristics and patterns of reasoning used by participants. Participants achieved 84% classification accuracy in predicting replicability. Those who engaged in a greater breadth of reasoning provided more accurate replicability judgements. Some reasons were more commonly invoked by more accurate participants, such as 'effect size' and 'reputation' (e.g. of the field of research). There was also some evidence of a relationship between statistical literacy and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C. Wintle
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Eden T. Smith
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Martin Bush
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Fallon Mody
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - David P. Wilkinson
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Anca M. Hanea
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandru Marcoci
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah Fraser
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Victoria Hemming
- Martin Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Felix Singleton Thorn
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Marissa F. McBride
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elliot Gould
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew Head
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel G. Hamilton
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Kambouris
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Libby Rumpff
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Rink Hoekstra
- Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Burgman
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fiona Fidler
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- MetaMelb Research Initiative, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Barabási DL, Bianconi G, Bullmore E, Burgess M, Chung S, Eliassi-Rad T, George D, Kovács IA, Makse H, Papadimitriou C, Nichols TE, Sporns O, Stachenfeld K, Toroczkai Z, Towlson EK, Zador AM, Zeng H, Barabási AL, Bernard A, Buzsáki G. Neuroscience needs Network Science. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2305.06160v2. [PMID: 37214134 PMCID: PMC10197734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a complex system comprising a myriad of interacting elements, posing significant challenges in understanding its structure, function, and dynamics. Network science has emerged as a powerful tool for studying such intricate systems, offering a framework for integrating multiscale data and complexity. Here, we discuss the application of network science in the study of the brain, addressing topics such as network models and metrics, the connectome, and the role of dynamics in neural networks. We explore the challenges and opportunities in integrating multiple data streams for understanding the neural transitions from development to healthy function to disease, and discuss the potential for collaboration between network science and neuroscience communities. We underscore the importance of fostering interdisciplinary opportunities through funding initiatives, workshops, and conferences, as well as supporting students and postdoctoral fellows with interests in both disciplines. By uniting the network science and neuroscience communities, we can develop novel network-based methods tailored to neural circuits, paving the way towards a deeper understanding of the brain and its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel L Barabási
- Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ginestra Bianconi
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, The British Library, London, NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Ed Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - SueYeon Chung
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tina Eliassi-Rad
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | | | - István A. Kovács
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 633 Clark Street, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Chambers Hall, 600 Foster St, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Hernán Makse
- Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031 US
| | | | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Olaf Sporns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47405
| | | | - Zoltán Toroczkai
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame IN 46556, USA
| | - Emma K. Towlson
- Department of Computer Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Children’s Research Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 22
| | - Anthony M Zador
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, H-1051, Hungary
| | | | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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41
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Nittinger E, Clark A, Gaulton A, Zdrazil B. Biomedical data analyses facilitated by open cheminformatics workflows. J Cheminform 2023; 15:46. [PMID: 37069670 PMCID: PMC10108476 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nittinger
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Alex Clark
- Research Informatics, Collaborative Drug Discovery, Inc., Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Barbara Zdrazil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.
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42
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Nakagawa S, Ivimey-Cook ER, Grainger MJ, O'Dea RE, Burke S, Drobniak SM, Gould E, Macartney EL, Martinig AR, Morrison K, Paquet M, Pick JL, Pottier P, Ricolfi L, Wilkinson DP, Willcox A, Williams C, Wilson LAB, Windecker SM, Yang Y, Lagisz M. Method Reporting with Initials for Transparency (MeRIT) promotes more granularity and accountability for author contributions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1788. [PMID: 37012240 PMCID: PMC10070262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Edward R Ivimey-Cook
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew J Grainger
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Postbox 5685 Torgarden, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rose E O'Dea
- Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Wallotstraße 19, 14193, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samantha Burke
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Szymon M Drobniak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elliot Gould
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin L Macartney
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - April Robin Martinig
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kyle Morrison
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthieu Paquet
- Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Talence, France
| | - Joel L Pick
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrice Pottier
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Ricolfi
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - David P Wilkinson
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron Willcox
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Coralie Williams
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura A B Wilson
- School of Archaeology & Anthropology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Saras M Windecker
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yefeng Yang
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
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43
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Yong J, Mellick AS, Whitelock J, Wang J, Liang K. A Biomolecular Toolbox for Precision Nanomotors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205746. [PMID: 36055646 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomotors for cancer diagnosis and therapy is a new and exciting area of research, which when combined with precision nanomedicine, promises to solve many of the issues encountered by previous development of passive nanoparticles. The goal of this article is to introduce nanomotor and nanomedicine researchers to the deep pool of knowledge available regarding cancer cell biology and biochemistry, as well as provide a greater appreciation of the complexity of cell membrane compositions, extracellular surfaces, and their functional consequences. A short description of the nanomotor state-of-art for cancer therapy and diagnosis is first provided, as well as recommendations for future directions of the field. Then, a biomolecular targeting toolbox has been collated for researchers looking to apply their nanomaterial of choice to a biological setting, as well as providing a glimpse into currently available clinical therapies and technologies. This toolbox contains an overview of different classes of targeting molecules available for high affinity and specific targeting and cell surface targets to aid researchers in the selection of a clinical disease model and targeting methodology. It is hoped that this review will provide biological context, inspiration, and direction to future nanomotor and nanomedicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Albert S Mellick
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, 2170, Australia
| | - John Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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44
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Das M, Hossain A, Banerjee D, Praul CA, Girirajan S. Challenges and considerations for reproducibility of STARR-seq assays. Genome Res 2023; 33:479-495. [PMID: 37130797 PMCID: PMC10234304 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277204.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput methods such as RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and ATAC-seq have well-established guidelines, commercial kits, and analysis pipelines that enable consistency and wider adoption for understanding genome function and regulation. STARR-seq, a popular assay for directly quantifying the activities of thousands of enhancer sequences simultaneously, has seen limited standardization across studies. The assay is long, with more than 250 steps, and frequent customization of the protocol and variations in bioinformatics methods raise concerns for reproducibility of STARR-seq studies. Here, we assess each step of the protocol and analysis pipelines from published sources and in-house assays, and identify critical steps and quality control (QC) checkpoints necessary for reproducibility of the assay. We also provide guidelines for experimental design, protocol scaling, customization, and analysis pipelines for better adoption of the assay. These resources will allow better optimization of STARR-seq for specific research needs, enable comparisons and integration across studies, and improve the reproducibility of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitreya Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ayaan Hossain
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Deepro Banerjee
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Craig Alan Praul
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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45
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Päll T, Luidalepp H, Tenson T, Maiväli Ü. A field-wide assessment of differential expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing reveals widespread bias. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002007. [PMID: 36862747 PMCID: PMC10013925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We assess inferential quality in the field of differential expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing (HT-seq) based on analysis of datasets submitted from 2008 to 2020 to the NCBI GEO data repository. We take advantage of the parallel differential expression testing over thousands of genes, whereby each experiment leads to a large set of p-values, the distribution of which can indicate the validity of assumptions behind the test. From a well-behaved p-value set π0, the fraction of genes that are not differentially expressed can be estimated. We found that only 25% of experiments resulted in theoretically expected p-value histogram shapes, although there is a marked improvement over time. Uniform p-value histogram shapes, indicative of <100 actual effects, were extremely few. Furthermore, although many HT-seq workflows assume that most genes are not differentially expressed, 37% of experiments have π0-s of less than 0.5, as if most genes changed their expression level. Most HT-seq experiments have very small sample sizes and are expected to be underpowered. Nevertheless, the estimated π0-s do not have the expected association with N, suggesting widespread problems of experiments with controlling false discovery rate (FDR). Both the fractions of different p-value histogram types and the π0 values are strongly associated with the differential expression analysis program used by the original authors. While we could double the proportion of theoretically expected p-value distributions by removing low-count features from the analysis, this treatment did not remove the association with the analysis program. Taken together, our results indicate widespread bias in the differential expression profiling field and the unreliability of statistical methods used to analyze HT-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Päll
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Maiväli
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail:
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46
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Bøggild P. Research on scalable graphene faces a reproducibility gap. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1126. [PMID: 36854768 PMCID: PMC9974952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a decade after the first demonstration of large-scale graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition, the commercialization of graphene products is limited not only by price, but also by consistency, reproducibility, and predictability. Here, the author discusses the reproducibility issues in the field and proposes possible solutions to improve the reliability of published results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bøggild
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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47
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Tsueng G, Cano MAA, Bento J, Czech C, Kang M, Pache L, Rasmussen LV, Savidge TC, Starren J, Wu Q, Xin J, Yeaman MR, Zhou X, Su AI, Wu C, Brown L, Shabman RS, Hughes LD. Developing a standardized but extendable framework to increase the findability of infectious disease datasets. Sci Data 2023; 10:99. [PMID: 36823157 PMCID: PMC9950378 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-01968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical datasets are increasing in size, stored in many repositories, and face challenges in FAIRness (findability, accessibility, interoperability, reusability). As a Consortium of infectious disease researchers from 15 Centers, we aim to adopt open science practices to promote transparency, encourage reproducibility, and accelerate research advances through data reuse. To improve FAIRness of our datasets and computational tools, we evaluated metadata standards across established biomedical data repositories. The vast majority do not adhere to a single standard, such as Schema.org, which is widely-adopted by generalist repositories. Consequently, datasets in these repositories are not findable in aggregation projects like Google Dataset Search. We alleviated this gap by creating a reusable metadata schema based on Schema.org and catalogued nearly 400 datasets and computational tools we collected. The approach is easily reusable to create schemas interoperable with community standards, but customized to a particular context. Our approach enabled data discovery, increased the reusability of datasets from a large research consortium, and accelerated research. Lastly, we discuss ongoing challenges with FAIRness beyond discoverability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger Tsueng
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Marco A Alvarado Cano
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - José Bento
- Department of Computer Science, Boston College, 245 Beacon St, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Candice Czech
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mengjia Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lars Pache
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Luke V Rasmussen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tor C Savidge
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center & Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Justin Starren
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Qinglong Wu
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center & Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiwen Xin
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael R Yeaman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Lundquist Institute for Infection & Immunity at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Xinghua Zhou
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Liliana Brown
- Office of Genomics and Advanced Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Reed S Shabman
- Office of Genomics and Advanced Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Laura D Hughes
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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48
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From the Catastrophic Objective Irreproducibility of Cancer Research and Unavoidable Failures of Molecular Targeted Therapies to the Sparkling Hope of Supramolecular Targeted Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032796. [PMID: 36769134 PMCID: PMC9917659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented non-reproducibility of the results published in the field of cancer research has recently come under the spotlight. In this short review, we try to highlight some general principles in the organization and evolution of cancerous tumors, which objectively lead to their enormous variability and, consequently, the irreproducibility of the results of their investigation. This heterogeneity is also extremely unfavorable for the effective use of molecularly targeted medicine. Against the seemingly comprehensive background of this heterogeneity, we single out two supramolecular characteristics common to all tumors: the clustered nature of tumor interactions with their microenvironment and the formation of biomolecular condensates with tumor-specific distinctive features. We suggest that these features can form the basis of strategies for tumor-specific supramolecular targeted therapies.
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49
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Raittio E, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Uribe SE. Research transparency in dental research: A programmatic analysis. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12908. [PMID: 36482006 PMCID: PMC10108147 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We assessed adherence to five transparency practices-data sharing, code sharing, conflict of interest disclosure, funding disclosure, and protocol registration-in articles in dental journals. We searched and exported the full text of all research articles from PubMed-indexed dental journals available in the Europe PubMed Central database until the end of 2021. We programmatically assessed their adherence to the five transparency practices using a validated and automated tool. Journal- and article-related information was retrieved from ScimagoJR and Journal Citation Reports. Of all 329,784 articles published in PubMed-indexed dental journals, 10,659 (3.2%) were available to download. Of those, 77% included a conflict of interest disclosure, and 62% included a funding disclosure. Seven percent of the articles had a registered protocol. Data sharing (2.0%) and code sharing (0.1%) were rarer. Sixteen percent of articles did not adhere to any of the five transparency practices, 29% adhered to one, 48% adhered to two, 7.0% adhered to three, 0.3% adhered to four, and no article adhered to all five practices. Adherence to transparency practices increased over time; however, data and code sharing especially remained rare. Coordinated efforts involving all stakeholders are needed to change current transparency practices in dental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Raittio
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi
- Seqiz Health Network, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Seqiz, Kurdistan, Iran.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergio E Uribe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.,School of Dentistry, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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50
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Robitaille MC, Byers JM, Christodoulides JA, Raphael MP. Automated cell segmentation for reproducibility in bioimage analysis. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2023; 8:ysad001. [PMID: 36819744 PMCID: PMC9933842 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-cell imaging is extremely common in synthetic biology research, but its ability to be applied reproducibly across laboratories can be hindered by a lack of standardized image analysis. Here, we introduce a novel cell segmentation method developed as part of a broader Independent Verification & Validation (IV&V) program aimed at characterizing engineered Dictyostelium cells. Standardizing image analysis was found to be highly challenging: the amount of human judgment required for parameter optimization, algorithm tweaking, training and data pre-processing steps forms serious challenges for reproducibility. To bring automation and help remove bias from live-cell image analysis, we developed a self-supervised learning (SSL) method that recursively trains itself directly from motion in live-cell microscopy images without any end-user input, thus providing objective cell segmentation. Here, we highlight this SSL method applied to characterizing the engineered Dictyostelium cells of the original IV&V program. This approach is highly generalizable, accepting images from any cell type or optical modality without the need for manual training or parameter optimization. This method represents an important step toward automated bioimage analysis software and reflects broader efforts to design accessible measurement technologies to enhance reproducibility in synthetic biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Robitaille
- Materials Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeff M Byers
- Materials Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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