1
|
Jean FAM, Moulin F, Schwartz AN, Castel L, Montagni I, Macalli M, Notredame CE, Côté SM, Galéra C. Association between ADHD symptoms and illicit stimulants use following 1 year among French university students of the i-Share cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:887-897. [PMID: 37268785 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with illicit stimulants use, less is known about their prospective association in university students. We aimed to examine the association between ADHD symptoms at inclusion and illicit stimulants use following 1 year among university students. METHODS The i-Share cohort recruited French students from February 2013 to July 2020. The study included 4270 participants. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was used to evaluate ADHD symptoms at inclusion. Illicit stimulants use was assessed at inclusion and 1 year after inclusion. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the association between ADHD symptoms at inclusion and illicit stimulants use following 1 year. RESULTS High levels of ADHD symptoms at inclusion were associated with a greater probability of illicit stimulants use following 1 year (adjusted OR: 2.42 (1.51-3.8)). The adjusted odds ratio was 2.7 (1.08-7.84) among participants who had used illicit stimulant at least once (continuation) and 2.25 (1.04-4.37) among participants who had never used illicit stimulants at inclusion (initiation). CONCLUSION High levels of ADHD symptoms are a feature that may promote both initiation and continuation of illicit stimulants use among university students. Our findings suggest that university students with high levels of ADHD symptoms may benefit from screening to help identify those at risk of illicit stimulants use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François A M Jean
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr Jean Eric Techer Hospital, Calais, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Flore Moulin
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ashlyn N Schwartz
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Laura Castel
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélissa Macalli
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Notredame
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- PSY Lab, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre, INSERM U1172, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Lille, France
- Teaching Hospital of Lille (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille-CHU de Lille), Lille, France
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cédric Galéra
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France.
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'enfant et de L'adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, 146Bis, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seddio K, Pollack D, Crawford H, Lewis J. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for internalizing behaviors in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1159-1165. [PMID: 35622987 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2069469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to delineate the moderating roles of negative experiences related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the association between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms and anxiety symptoms and internalizing behaviors during Fall 2020. Method: Participants were 200 college students. Using a moderated moderation model, researchers found that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms predicted anxiety symptoms for those who internalized behaviors and experienced COVID-19 more negatively. Results: Results suggested that ADHD symptoms were playing a role in the manifestation of anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and that college students who internalize behaviors experienced worsened ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Clinical implications underscore the importance of providing mental health resources for students on campus, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specialized treatment may include help with developing time management skills and teaching interventions such as mindfulness exercises that may help alleviate anxiety and improve attention and concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee Seddio
- Department of Psychology, CFLE, Utica College, Utica, New York, USA
| | - Deborah Pollack
- Department of Psychology, Utica College, Utica, New York, USA
| | - Haley Crawford
- Credence Management Solutions, LLC, Vienna, Virginia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schiros A, Antshel KM. Life in the fast lane: the role of temporal processing in risk-taking behaviors. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38677717 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2346553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
An existing theoretical framework proposes that aberrant temporal processing and a fast internal clock, denoted by overestimation and under-reproduction of time, increases the likelihood of engagement in risky behaviors (ERB). The primary aim of this project was to improve our understanding of the relationship between temporal processing and ERB in college students. The present study used the Wittmann and Paulus (2008) theoretical framework to examine the associations between temporal processing and ERB in college students. College student participants (N = 215) completed self-report measures of ERB, delay aversion, inhibitory control, ADHD symptoms and objective cognitive time estimation and time reproduction tasks. Time estimation accuracy was significantly associated with lower engagement in sexual risk behaviors (OR = .988; 95% CI: .979, .996; p = .006) and aggressive behaviors (OR = .989; 95% CI: .980, .998; p = .018). Time reproduction was not significantly associated with ERB. The present study established preliminary support for the associations between aberrant temporal processing, namely aberrant time estimation, and ERB among college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Schiros
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kevin M Antshel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adler LA, Anbarasan D, Sardoff T, Leon T, Gallagher R, Massimi CA, Faraone SV. A Single-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Triple Beaded Mixed Amphetamine Salts in DSM-5 Adults With ADHD Assessing Effects Throughout the Day. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:810-819. [PMID: 38214178 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231222260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of triple beaded mixed amphetamine salts (TB MAS) on ADHD and executive dysfunction symptoms throughout the day in adults with DSM-5 ADHD. METHOD This was a 6 week, single-blind, placebo-lead in trial of TB MAS (12.5-37.5 mg/day); all participants received 2 weeks of single-blind placebo); one individual was a placebo responder and was discontinued. One of these 18 dropped after 1 week on 12.5 mg/day, while all others completed the trial and received 37.5 mg/day TB MAS. RESULTS There were significant effects of TB MAS on all clinical measures, including investigator overall symptoms (AISRS); self-report overall (ASRS), time-sensitive ADHD (TASS) scores throughout the day, impairment (CGI) and executive function scores (BRIEF-A). TB MAS was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS This study extends prior findings of TB MAS to adults with DSM-5 ADHD; it further re-validates findings of efficacy of TB MAS throughout the day.
Collapse
|
5
|
McManus B, Kana R, Rajpari I, Holm HB, Stavrinos D. Risky driving behavior among individuals with Autism, ADHD, and typically developing persons. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 195:107367. [PMID: 38096625 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience difficulty with driving, including difficulty with obtaining a driver's license as well as driving safely and efficiently. Such difficulties negatively impact their ability to function independently and participate in daily activities that require driving. ASD and ADHD commonly occur co-morbidly and share many overlapping clinical features. Few studies have directly compared the nature of difficulties in driving safety outcomes between ASD and ADHD. The overarching goal of the current study was to characterize and compare self-reported driving behavior among young autistic drivers, ADHD drivers, and typically developing (TD) drivers. METHOD Fifty-four participants (14 ASD, 20 ADHD, 20 TD); ages 16-30) completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient and ADHD Adult Rating scale as a method of screening of symptoms. All three groups then completed the Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), which measured self-reported driving violations, driving errors, and overall risky driving behavior. The three groups of ASD, ADHD, and TD individuals were then compared regarding symptomology and driving behavior differences. RESULTS One-way ANOVAs indicated group differences in DBQ total scores and DBQ errors. Drivers with ADHD reported significantly greater overall risky driving behaviors and driving errors compared to ASD and TD drivers. There were no significant differences between ASD and TD drivers in reported risky driving behaviors and errors. Linear regressions indicated that among all drivers, self-reported ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with higher levels of self-reported overall risky driving and driving errors, regardless of diagnostic group. DISCUSSION Risky driving and driving errors may be more closely related to symptoms that are characteristic of ADHD. This has implications for individuals with ADHD and autistic individuals who often show or report higher rates of ADHD symptoms. Future studies should compare driving skills of ASD and ADHD drivers using objective measures of driving performance, such as driving simulators or on-road tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin McManus
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Campbell Hall 415, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35233, United States; The University of Alabama, Institute for Social Science Research, 306 Paul W. Bryant Dr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, United States.
| | - Rajesh Kana
- University of Alabama, Department of Psychology, 505 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States.
| | - Inaara Rajpari
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Campbell Hall 415, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35233, United States.
| | - Haley B Holm
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1400 Tullie Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
| | - Despina Stavrinos
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Campbell Hall 415, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35233, United States; The University of Alabama, Institute for Social Science Research, 306 Paul W. Bryant Dr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schwartz A, Galera C, Kerbage H, Montagni I, Tzourio C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Symptoms Among French College Students. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1109-1117. [PMID: 38045835 PMCID: PMC10689313 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
To examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among college students. We investigated the association between ACEs and ADHD symptoms among French college students enrolled in the i-Share cohort using multivariate logistic regression models. The sample comprised of 1062 participants with a mean age of 20.3 (SD = 2.3) of which 30.6% had no ACEs exposure, 29.6% had 1 ACE, 19.2% had 2 ACEs, and 20.6% had ≥ 3 ACEs. After controlling for potential confounders, every increase in ACE exposure heightened the risk of ADHD symptoms with the respective adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 1 ACE: 2.1 (0.7-6.3) / 2 ACEs: 4.5 (2.6-12.8)/ ≥ 3 ACEs: 5.2 (1.8-14.8). Estimates for ADHD symptoms were higher with sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and bullying. Findings suggest that ACEs heighten the risk for developing ADHD symptoms among college students and bear important implications for prevention and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Schwartz
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, USA
| | - Cédric Galera
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hala Kerbage
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saint Eloi University Hospital, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) INSERM U1018, Developmental Psychiatry Team, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif Cedex 94807, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Olofsdotter S, Fernández-Quintana Á, Sonnby K, Vadlin S. Clinical utility of new cut-off scores for the world health organization ADHD self-report scale among adolescents in psychiatric outpatient care. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100391. [PMID: 37273276 PMCID: PMC10238844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous analyses of the proposed cut-off score for the 18-item World Health Organization ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) among psychiatrically referred adolescents have shown limited clinical utility. This prospective study examined the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of new cut-off scores of the ASRS-18 in a consecutive sample of 111 Swedish adolescent psychiatric outpatients. Using the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) as the reference standard and based on predefined sensitivity and specificity criteria, multiple new general and sex-specific cut-off scores were evaluated. Results showed that clinical utility was greater for sex-specific cut-off scores than for general cut-off scores. The greatest change in pre-test to post-test probability of ADHD diagnosis was observed with a balanced, high-specificity diagnostic cut-off score for girls, where the probability of ADHD increased from 40% pre-test to 82% post-test. The proposed new cut-off levels for the ASRS-18 are useful for the detection and identification of ADHD among adolescents in general psychiatric outpatient settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Olofsdotter
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Águeda Fernández-Quintana
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Karin Sonnby
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research and Education, Central Hospital, County of Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Sofia Vadlin
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jean FAM, Schwartz AN, Galesne C, Azouz Z, Navarro MC, Montagni I, Macalli M, Côté SM, Tzourio C, Galéra C. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and lifetime use of psychoactive substances among French university students: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115489. [PMID: 37742528 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In a cross sectional study of 13,837 university students, we aimed to explore the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and lifetime psychoactive substance use (LPSU) on a wide range of illicit substances. Logistic and Hurdel multivariable regressions were used. ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with the lifetime use of ketamine, magic mushrooms, poppers, and nine other psychoactive substances. There was an association between ADHD symptoms and both LPSU and truncated count of lifetime psychoactive substance use. High levels of ADHD symptoms are associated with the use of a large variety and multiple LPSU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François A M Jean
- Dr Jean Eric Techer Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Calais, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ashlyn N Schwartz
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France; Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Charline Galesne
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Zeineb Azouz
- Dr Jean Eric Techer Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Calais, France
| | - Marie C Navarro
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélissa Macalli
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France; University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France; Teaching Hospital of Bordeaux (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France; Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lindsø Andersen P, Villumsen B, Saunte DML, Burgdorf KS, Didriksen M, Ostrowski SR, Thørner LW, Erikstrup C, Dinh KM, Nielsen KR, Brodersen T, Bruun MT, Banasik K, Hansen TF, Pedersen OB, Jemec GB. Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are associated with Hidradenitis suppurativa in Danish blood donors. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1989-1994. [PMID: 36867221 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with psychiatric comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder associated with systemic and skin inflammation such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Whether HS symptoms are associated with ADHD symptoms remains unexplored. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the possible association between HS and ADHD. Participants in the Danish Blood Donor Study (DBDS) were included in this cross-sectional study during 2015-2017. The participants provided questionnaire data on screening items of HS, ADHD symptoms (ASRS-score), and depressive symptoms, smoking and body mass index (BMI). A logistic regression with HS symptoms as a binary outcome predicted by ADHD adjusted for age, sex, smoking, BMI, and depression was conducted to investigate the association between HS and ADHD. A total of 52,909 Danish blood donors were included in the study. Of these were 1004/52,909 (1.9%) considered participants with HS. Of the participants with HS, 74/996 (7.4%) screened positive of ADHD symptoms, while only 1786/51,129 (3.5%) of the participants without HS screened positive of ADHD. Adjusted for confounders, ADHD was positively associated with HS, odds ratio 1.85 (95% confidence interval: 1.43-2.37). Psychiatric comorbidity of HS is not limited to depression and anxiety. This study shows a positive association between HS and ADHD. Further research on the biological mechanisms behind this association is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Lindsø Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 5, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
| | | | - Ditte Marie Lindhardt Saunte
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 5, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Wegner Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Khoa Manh Dinh
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thorsten Brodersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Deparment of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregor Borut Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 5, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gumenyuk V, Korzyukov O, Tapaskar N, Wagner M, Larson CR, Hammer MJ. Deficiency in Re-Orienting of Attention in Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:141-150. [PMID: 35861774 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize potential brain indexes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Methods: In an effort to develop objective, laboratory-based tests that can help to establish ADHD diagnosis, the brain indexes of distractibility was investigated in a group of adults. We used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and performance measures in a forced-choice visual task. Results: Behaviorally aberrant distractibility in the ADHD group was significantly higher. Across three ERP components of distraction: N1 enhancement, P300 (P3a), and Reorienting Negativity (RON) the significant difference between ADHD and matched controls was found in the amplitude of the RON. We used non-parametric randomization tests, enabling us to statistically validated this difference between-group. Conclusions: Our main results of this feasibility study suggest that among other ERP components associated with auditory distraction, the RON response is promising index for a potential biomarker of deficient re-orienting of attention in adults s with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gumenyuk
- Department of Neurological Sciences, MEG laboratory, 12284UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Oleg Korzyukov
- Wisconsin Airway Sensory Physiology Laboratory, 5229University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 3270Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Tapaskar
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 3270Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, 21727University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Charles R Larson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 3270Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Hammer
- Wisconsin Airway Sensory Physiology Laboratory, 5229University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Amato AC, Amato JL, Benitti DA. The Association Between Lipedema and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Cureus 2023; 15:e35570. [PMID: 36874317 PMCID: PMC9977104 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current study aimed to investigate the overlap between symptoms of lipedema and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Lipedema is a condition that causes abnormal fat accumulation and inflammation in the legs and buttocks, often accompanied by edema and pain. ADHD is a common condition characterized by difficulty paying attention and controlling behavior, affecting the social, academic, and occupational quality of life. The study's primary objective was to assess the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in a population of women with lipedema symptoms and compare the clinical characteristics. Method The study used a lipedema screening questionnaire and the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) to assess the prevalence of ADHD in a sample of 354 female volunteers with or without a prior lipedema diagnosis. Results Of the lipedema group, 100 (77%) were ASRS positive, and 30 (23%) were ASRS negative. In the group without lipedema, 121 (54%) were ASRS positive, and 103 (46%) were ASRS negative, with a relative risk of 1.424 (p<0.0001). Conclusion Our results demonstrate a positive correlation between lipedema and ADHD and suggest that targeted strategies to improve clinic attendance for individuals with ADHD may improve lipedema treatment outcomes. Patients with lipedema symptoms are more likely to have ADHD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Amato
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amato - Instituto de Medicina Avançada, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Juliana L Amato
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amato - Instituto de Medicina Avançada, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Daniel A Benitti
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Valens Center, São Paulo, BRA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vňuková M, Ptáček R, Děchtěrenko F, Weissenberger S, Ptáčková H, Braaten E, Raboch J, Anders M, Klicperová-Baker M, Goetz M. Prevalence of ADHD Symptomatology in Adult Population in the Czech Republic: A National Study. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:447-454. [PMID: 36691347 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221147547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder frequently diagnosed between the ages 7 and 10 years. We measured ADHD symptomatology in a representative sample of the Czech population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data collection was performed in January 2019 through the European National Panel. The respondents completed a demographic questionnaire focusing on ADHD history and a standardized questionnaire, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) screener for ADHD symptomatology in adulthood. RESULTS From the sample of 1,518 respondents, 3% of the respondents reported having been diagnosed with ADHD/hyperkinetic disorder in their lifetime. According to ASRS scoring, 119 respondents were classified as suspected ADHD. Overall, more males than females reported ADHD symptomatology. Age was also significantly associated with ASRS. Education status yielded no significant results. CONCLUSION Our study documents that the prevalence of ADHD symptomatology in adults is comparable with that in Western countries despite the different historical and health care backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vňuková
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Ptáček
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Simon Weissenberger
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ellen Braaten
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anders
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michal Goetz
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu YS, Cao B, Chokka PR. Screening for Adulthood ADHD and Comorbidities in a Tertiary Mental Health Center Using EarlyDetect: A Machine Learning-Based Pilot Study. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:324-331. [PMID: 36367134 PMCID: PMC9850394 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221136228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Screening for adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and differentiating ADHD from comorbid mental health disorders remains to be clinically challenging. A screening tool for ADHD and comorbid mental health disorders is essential, as most adult ADHD is comorbid with several mental health disorders. The current pilot study enrolled 955 consecutive patients attending a tertiary mental health center in Canada and who completed EarlyDetect assessment, with 45.2% of patients diagnosed with ADHD. The best ADHD classification model using composite scoring achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.788, showing a 2.1% increase compared to standalone ADHD screening, detecting four more patients with ADHD per 100 patients. The classification model including ADHD with comorbidity was also successful (balanced accuracy = 0.712). The results suggest the novel screening method can improve ADHD detection accuracy and inform the risk of ADHD with comorbidity, and may further inform specific comorbidity including MDD and BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang S. Liu
- University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Canada,Chokka Center for Integrative Health,
Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bo Cao
- University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Canada,Bo Cao, Department of Psychiatry,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Pratap R. Chokka
- University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Canada,Chokka Center for Integrative Health,
Edmonton, AB, Canada,Pratap R. Chokka, Chokka Center for
Integrative Health, 301 - 2603 Hewes Way NW, Edmonton, AB T6L 6W6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yerys BE, McQuaid GA, Lee NR, Wallace GL. Co-occurring ADHD symptoms in autistic adults are associated with less independence in daily living activities and lower subjective quality of life. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 26:2188-2195. [PMID: 35916251 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Outcomes for autistic adults are generally poor, including activities of daily living and self-ratings of quality of life. Co-occurring psychiatric conditions contribute to these poor outcomes. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common co-occurring conditions in autistic individuals. However, we know little about the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and outcomes in autistic adults. A total of 724 autistic adults (18-83 years; 58% female) recruited from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research participant registry completed questionnaires on demographics, co-occurring psychiatric conditions, activities of daily living, and subjective quality of life. Autistic adults who rated themselves as having more attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms also rated themselves as having less independence in activities of daily living and a lower quality of life. This is the first study to show these relationships in autistic adults. These findings highlight that additional research and better supports for co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms may be critical to improving independence and quality of life for autistic adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Yerys
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.,University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bardeen JR, Gorday JY, Weathers FW. Executive functioning deficits exacerbate posttraumatic stress symptoms: A longitudinal mediation model. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 87:102556. [PMID: 35276509 PMCID: PMC8996315 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Executive functioning (EF) consists of a set of related, but distinct, higher-level cognitive abilities that are used to organize and integrate lower-level processes in the service of engaging in goal-direct behavior. Evidence suggests that deficits in EF are a vulnerability factor for the development of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Less understood, however, is the role that EF plays in symptom maintenance and exacerbation following trauma exposure. As such, the primary purpose of the present study was to determine whether EF deficits exacerbate PTS symptoms over the course of one year. A secondary aim of this study was to use a cross-lagged design to determine the directional relations among EF deficits and PTS. Trauma-exposed adults (N = 98) completed a clinical interview and self-report measures at an initial assessment session (Time 1 [T1]). Participants also completed self-report measures at 6- (Time 2 [T2]; n = 92) and 12-month (Time 3 [T3]; n = 91) follow-up sessions. As predicted, EF deficits at T2 mediated the relationship between PTS symptoms from T1 to T3, thus suggesting that EF deficits exacerbate PTS symptoms following trauma exposure. Results from a cross-lagged path analysis from T2 to T3 suggest that deficits in EF exert a stronger influence on the maintenance of PTS symptoms than vice versa. These results have implications for (a) identifying individuals that are at elevated risk for developing PTS symptoms, (b) developing precision medicine-based approaches for alleviating PTS symptoms, and (c) improving well-established PTSD treatments for those with relative deficits in EF.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lace JW, McGrath A, Merz ZC. A factor analytic investigation of the Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale, short form. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
17
|
Jean FAM, Arsandaux J, Montagni I, Collet O, Fatséas M, Auriacombe M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Côté SM, Tzourio C, Galéra C. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and cannabis use after one year among students of the i-Share cohort. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:1-18. [PMID: 35348052 PMCID: PMC9058443 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cannabis use in university students is associated with academic achievement failure and health issues. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and cannabis use after 1 year among students according to previous cannabis use. Methods Students in France were recruited from February 2013 to July 2020 in the i-Share cohort. 4,270 participants were included (2,135 who never used cannabis at inclusion and 2,135 who did). The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was used to assess ADHD symptoms at inclusion. Cannabis use frequency was evaluated 1 year after inclusion. Multinomial regressions were conducted to assess the association between inclusion ADHD symptoms and cannabis use after 1 year. Results Increase in ASRS scores was linked with a greater probability to use cannabis after 1 year and to have a higher cannabis use frequency (once a year—once a month adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.24 (1.15–1.34), more than once a month adjusted OR: 1.43 (1.27–1.61)). Among participants who never used cannabis at inclusion, this association disappeared (once a year—once a month adjusted OR: 1.15 (0.95–1.39), more than once a month adjusted OR: 1.16 (0.67–2)) but remained in participants who ever used cannabis at inclusion (once a year—once a month adjusted OR: 1.17 (1.06–1.29), more than once a month adjusted OR: 1.35 (1.18–1.55)). Conclusions High levels of ADHD symptoms in students could lead to continued cannabis use rather than new initiations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Arnaud Matthieu Jean
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr Jean Eric Techer Hospital, Calais, France
- University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Arsandaux
- University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ophélie Collet
- University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélina Fatséas
- University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine, Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux (CHU de Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
- National Center for Scientific Research (Centre national de la recherche scientifique—CNRS), Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Auriacombe
- University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine, Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux (CHU de Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
- National Center for Scientific Research (Centre national de la recherche scientifique—CNRS), Addiction Team/SANPSY, Bordeaux, France
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—INSERM), Bordeaux, France
- University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—INSERM), Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux (CHU de Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—INSERM), Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux (CHU de Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Groenman AP, van der Werf S, Geurts HM. Subjective cognition in adults with common psychiatric classifications; a systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2022; 308:114374. [PMID: 34995830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to assess whether instruments developed to measure subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and in neurology and aging can reliably be used in ADHD and other common psychiatric classifications. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE+EMBASE CLASSIC were searched for relevant work on SCCs in psychiatric classifications (ADHD, autism, mood disorders, schizophrenia) in two phases: 1 identify instruments, 2 relevant studies. 35 studies with varying study quality were included. SCCs are most commonly studied in ADHD and mood disorders, but are found in all psychiatric classifications. SCCs show inconsistent and low associations to objective cognition across disorders, but higher and consistent relations are found with behavioral outcomes. SCCs are not qualitatively different for ADHD compared to other psychiatric classifications, and should thus not be seen as analogous to well validated measures of objective cognition. However, SCCs do reflect suffering, behavioral difficulties and problems experienced by across those with psychiatric problems in daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabeth P Groenman
- Dutch Autism & ADHD Research Center, Department of Psychology, Univeersity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Sieberen van der Werf
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dept Medical Psychology, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Hilde M Geurts
- Dutch Autism & ADHD Research Center, Department of Psychology, Univeersity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Dr. Leo Kannerhuis, autism clinic (Youz/Parnassia Group), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
ADHD and Mental Health Symptoms in the Identification of Young Adults with Increased Risk of Alcohol Dependency in the General Population-The HUNT4 Population Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111601. [PMID: 34770114 PMCID: PMC8583619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of ADHD are strongly associated with alcohol use disorders, and mental health symptoms attenuate this relationship. There is limited knowledge about how specific symptoms of inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity can explain this association. We aimed to identify self-reported executive cognitive functioning and mental health and variables that may help identify subjects with an elevated risk of alcohol dependence in the general population. Data included 3917 subjects between 19 and 30 years old in the 4th Trøndelag Health Study. The Adult ADHD Self report Scale—Screener, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and demographic variables were used as input variables. The alcohol screening instrument CAGE was used as the response variable for binary alcohol dependence risk. We used logistic regression and automated model selection to arrive at our final model that identified sex, age, inattentiveness, hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, and anxiety as predictors of having a CAGE score ≥2, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.692. A balanced accuracy approach indicated an optimal cut-off of 0.153 with sensitivity 0.55 and specificity 0.74. Despite attrition in the data, our findings may be important in the assessment of individual risk for alcohol dependency and when developing algorithms for risk triage in public health.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohamed SMH, Börger NA, van der Meere JJ. Executive and Daily Life Functioning Influence the Relationship Between ADHD and Mood Symptoms in University Students. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1731-1742. [PMID: 31971050 PMCID: PMC8404724 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719900251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Many studies have indicated a close relationship between ADHD and mood symptoms in university students. In the present study, we explore the role of daily functional impairments and executive functioning in the ADHD-mood relationship. Method: A total of 343 adults (126 males) filled out (a) the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, (b) the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, (c) the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale, and (d) the Executive Function Index Scale. Results: The correlation between mood symptoms and ADHD was .48 (moderate correlation) and dropped to .15 (weak correlation) when controlling for functional problems and executive functioning. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both functional impairments and executive functioning significantly explained 42% to 53% of the variance of mood symptoms. The addition of ADHD symptoms to the model slightly increased the explained mood variance by only 1%. Conclusion: These findings underline the role of experienced difficulties in triggering mood symptoms in ADHD symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh M. H. Mohamed
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands,Saleh M. H. Mohamed, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rychik N, Fassett-Carman A, Snyder HR. Dependent Stress Mediates the Relation Between ADHD Symptoms and Depression. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1676-1686. [PMID: 32495709 PMCID: PMC7735255 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720925900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prevalent and highly comorbid. ADHD symptoms are associated with specific dependent (i.e., self-generated) stressors in children, and there is a strong link between dependent stress and depression. Despite continued comorbidity of ADHD and depressive symptoms into adulthood, it is unknown whether stress generation mediates the relation between ADHD and subsequent depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood, a period of heightened stress. Method: We tested this mediation model in a semester-long longitudinal study of 224 college students (aged 18-23 years). We additionally tested whether this model differed between inattentive versus hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms given evidence that they vary in their relations to stress and depression. Results: Dependent stress mediated the association between total ADHD symptoms at baseline and later depressive symptoms; these effects were equivalent for inattentive versus hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest stress generation as a mechanism for increased depression in individuals with ADHD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natali Rychik
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brandeis University, Waltham, USA;,Corresponding author,
| | | | - Hannah R. Snyder
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brandeis University, Waltham, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lovett BJ, Ferrier DE, Wang T, Jordan AH. Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener Ratings in College Students: Concurrent Validity and Test–Retest Reliability. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07342829211034367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale screener is commonly used to determine if further evaluation of ADHD is required. However, despite use in college settings, the ASRS was not developed for this population, and limited relevant psychometric data exist. In this study, 190 college students completed the ASRS screener as well as a lengthier measure of the 18 DSM symptoms of ADHD. A subgroup ( n = 141) completed the ASRS twice, with at least 1 week in between measures. Concurrent validity of ASRS scores was substantial ( r = 0.73 with DSM inattentive symptoms and r = 0.57 with DSM hyperactive/impulsive symptoms) and test–retest reliability was adequate ( r = 0.69 with an average interval of 42 days). However, the sensitivity of the screener was only moderate (66%), and approximately one-fifth of the students changed screening status (positive vs. negative) across the time interval. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tina Wang
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Woltering S, Gu C, Liu ZX, Tannock R. Visuospatial Working Memory Capacity in the Brain After Working Memory Training in College Students With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1010-1020. [PMID: 31588833 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719879487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: ADHD has been associated with persistent problems of working memory. This study investigated the efficacy of an intensive and adaptive computerized working memory treatment (CWMT) at behavioral and neural levels. Method: College students (n = 89; 40 females) with ADHD were randomized into a standard-length CWMT (45 min/session, 25 sessions, n = 29), shortened-length CWMT (15 min/session, 25 sessions, n = 32), and a waitlist group (n = 28). Both CWMT groups received treatment for 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Lab sessions before and after CWMT assessed electroencephalography (EEG) indicators of working memory, behavioral indicators of working memory performance, and ADHD symptomatology. Results: No evidence was found for neural or any other behavioral transfer effects of improvement for the CWMT treatment groups over the active control or waitlist group. Conclusion: Our study does not provide evidence for the benefits of CWMT at neural or behavioral levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Woltering
- University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Chao Gu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Zhong-Xu Liu
- University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosemary Tannock
- University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,SickKids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Loskutova NY, Callen E, Pinckney RG, Staton EW, Pace WD. Feasibility, Implementation and Outcomes of Tablet-Based Two-Step Screening for Adult ADHD in Primary Care Practice. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:794-802. [PMID: 31014157 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719841133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Primary care clinicians need to recognize and diagnose Adult ADHD (AADHD). We tested the feasibility and outcomes of a two-step screening process for AADHD in primary care. Methods: Seven practices screened patients using computerized surveys. Patients screening positive completed the AADHD Quality of Life (AAQoL). We explored the impact of screening on workflow and the acceptability to patients, and identified key barriers/opportunities to continuing screening. Results: Of the 711 participating adults, 188 (26.4%) screened positive, of which 32 (17.0%) had scores at least one standard deviation below means on two or more domains on the AAQoL (average 23.6 ± 7.3). These 32 individuals represented 4.5% of all participants. Clinicians were willing to screen, diagnose, and treat AADHD, but need additional resources. The screening process and technology was acceptable to patients and staff. Conclusions: A two-step screening method shows promise for routine screening for AADHD.
Collapse
|
25
|
Moffitt-Carney KM, Duncan AB. Evaluation of a mindfulness-based mobile application with college students: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:208-214. [PMID: 31513476 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1661420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This pilot study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of The Mindfulness App with college students and the utility of daily text-message reminders for increasing adherence.Participants: Students from a mid-sized Midwestern University (N = 59) during the spring and fall of 2016.Methods: Using a pretest-posttest design, a group of students used The Mindfulness App for 5 weeks. All students were sent text-message reminders to submit daily practice time and completed a series of online measures.Results: Participants consistently used the application as intended, and reported positive attitudes toward the text-message reminders and the quality of the application.Conclusions:The Mindfulness App is a feasible, well-accepted tool for delivering mindfulness interventions to college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela B Duncan
- Department of Psychology, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Holt LJ, Schepis TS, Looby A, Marsh E, Marut P, Feinn R. How to say "no" most effectively: Evaluating resistance strategies for prescription stimulant diversion to inform preventive interventions. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:872-882. [PMID: 31241417 PMCID: PMC6930986 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1626861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the perceived effectiveness of resistance strategies students could employ if approached to give away, trade, or sell their prescription stimulant medication, a growing concern on college campuses. Participants: We sampled undergraduates (N = 1,521) at three demographically dissimilar institutions between Fall 2017 and Spring 2018. Methods: We administered an anonymous, online survey and used linear mixed models to examine the effects of strategy type, face support (ie, adding politeness), and substance use history on perceived strategy effectiveness. Results: Internal (eg, "I am not comfortable sharing my medication") and external (eg, "My doctor won't prescribe me if I share") explanations were perceived to be most effective. Excuses, direct refusals, and suggesting an alternative (eg, energy drink) were less preferred. Adding face support improved perceived effectiveness for direct refusals and internal explanations. Conclusion: Preventive interventions for stimulant diversion could encourage the use of internal or external explanations or direct refusals with face support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Holt
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ty S Schepis
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Alison Looby
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Eliza Marsh
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paige Marut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard Feinn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Egan V, Bull E, Trundle G. Individual differences, ADHD, adult pathological demand avoidance, and delinquency. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 105:103733. [PMID: 32682221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is a developmental disorder involving challenging behaviour clinically linked to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Many of the problematic features of PDA are often seen in persons with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity. ADHD and impulsivity are also common in the backgrounds of offenders. AIMS Method and procedure: We examined if self-reported ASD, ADHD, impulsivity, and general personality traits such as low conscientiousness and low emotional stability predicted self-reported PDA scores, and which constructs contributed to the prediction of delinquency, recruiting 132 participants (mean age 34.6 years, SD = 10.9, range 18-68), of whom 126 cases had complete data. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Many of these constructs, but particularly ADHD (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) were significant correlates of PDA, the correlation between ASD and PDA was small, and did not predict PDA. Multiple regression indicated that a combination of higher attention deficit, antagonism, and lower emotional stability predicted 65 % of an individual's PDA score, but that their PDA score did not contribute to the prediction of delinquency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This research indicates that, for community adult populations, self-reported individual differences in ADHD, emotional instability, and antagonism appear to better predict PDA than ASD. The association PDA has with delinquency may reflect these constructs, which are also correlates of offending.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Egan
- Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology, University of Nottingham, Yang Fujia Building, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK.
| | - Elinor Bull
- Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology, University of Nottingham, Yang Fujia Building, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK.
| | - Grace Trundle
- Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology, University of Nottingham, Yang Fujia Building, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gbessemehlan A, Arsandaux J, Orri M, Montagni I, Macalli M, Tournier M, Tzourio C, Galéra C. Perceived stress partially accounts for the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and suicidal ideation among students. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113284. [PMID: 32763545 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and suicidal ideation has been the focus of recent research interest among youths and young adults. However, the role perceived stress plays in this association is unclear. We investigated whether perceived stress accounts for the association between ADHD and subsequent suicidal ideation among French students enrolled in the i-Share cohort. The associations between ADHD symptoms, perceived stress at baseline, and suicidal ideation during follow-up were investigated using logistic regression models, and Structural Equation Modeling was used to estimate the indirect effect via perceived stress. In total 4333 participants (median age: 20.3 years; [interquartile range: 18.7-21.8]) were included in the main analyses. ADHD was associated with suicidal ideation (adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.15 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.04-1.26]). Perceived stress partially accounts for the association between ADHD and suicidal ideation (proportion explained 49%). Our study suggests that ADHD and perceived stress represent mental health targets for suicide prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gbessemehlan
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Arsandaux
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institure, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Melissa Macalli
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Tournier
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Charles Perrens Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Charles Perrens Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Garcia M, Rouchy E, Galéra C, Tzourio C, Michel G. The relation between ADHD symptoms, perceived stress and binge drinking in college students. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112689. [PMID: 31740216 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is a major public health problem associated with various negative short-term and long-term clinical and social outcomes. If there is evidence to suggest a relationship between ADHD and alcohol use in college students, no study has investigated the role of ADHD symptomatology in binge drinking. Thus, this research was designed to explore the relative contributions of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms to binge drinking in a sample of French college students while controlling for effects of perceived stress. Participants (N = 7011; mean age = 20.9; 74.9% of females) completed self-report surveys assessing ADHD symptoms, perceived stress, sociodemographic characteristics, and binge drinking frequency. Multinomial logistic regression revealed significant associations between higher levels of ADHD symptoms in general, but not perceived stress, and increasing frequency of binge drinking. Moreover, higher levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were independently associated with greater frequency of binge drinking. The association was stronger between high rates of binge drinking and inattention than for hyperactivity/impulsivity. These findings, which remained statistically significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounders (including perceived stress), suggest that the presence of ADHD symptoms may be an important factor related to binge drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Garcia
- Institut de Sciences Criminelles et de la Justice (ISCJ), University of Bordeaux, 4 rue du Maréchal Joffre, Bordeaux 33075, France; Department of Psychology, University of Bordeaux, France.
| | - Emma Rouchy
- Institut de Sciences Criminelles et de la Justice (ISCJ), University of Bordeaux, 4 rue du Maréchal Joffre, Bordeaux 33075, France; Department of Psychology, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Grégory Michel
- Institut de Sciences Criminelles et de la Justice (ISCJ), University of Bordeaux, 4 rue du Maréchal Joffre, Bordeaux 33075, France; Department of Psychology, University of Bordeaux, France; Pôle de Santé saint Genès, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Background: Research has shown that prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) is prevalent among college students and that full-time college attendance is associated with PSM following graduation. Few studies, however, have examined predictors of PSM in college graduates. Objectives: We examined constructs from the Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI) to determine predictors of PSM in this population. Methods: We utilized Amazon's Mechanical Turk and snowball sampling in 2018-2019 to anonymously survey 219 adults in the United States (56% male, Mage = 32.5) with a college degree and history of college PSM. We assessed sensation seeking, ADHD symptoms, negative affect, social norms, workload, positive beliefs and perceived safety, other substance use, PSM motivations, and source(s) of prescription stimulants. Measures were administered online. Results: Over half (55%) of participants reported PSM after college; 36% used in the previous year. Ordinal logistic regressions for each domain of the TTI (i.e. intrapersonal, social/normative, cultural/attitudinal) showed that college graduates engaging in PSM in the previous year were younger and reported higher sensation seeking, more friends/coworkers who engaged in PSM, a heavier workload, and more positive beliefs about PSM. Chi-square analyses showed that college graduates engaging in PSM in the previous year also were more likely to use other substances (e.g. prescription opioids, tobacco/nicotine, cocaine) and to have misused stimulants in college to socialize or to get high. Conclusions: Preventive interventions could target college students and recent graduates who engage in PSM and who demonstrate the aforementioned risk factors, with the goal of curbing PSM and possibly other substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Holt
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Megan D McCarthy
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salla J, Galéra C, Guichard E, Tzourio C, Michel G. ADHD Symptomatology and Perceived Stress Among French College Students. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:1711-1718. [PMID: 28103763 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716685841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the independent association between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and perceived stress among French college students. Method: Participants (N = 6,951) completed self-report surveys assessing ADHD symptoms, perceived stress, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ADHD symptoms and perceived stress. Results: Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years, and 75.6% were female. We found significant associations between increasing levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and high level of perceived stress after adjustment for confounding variables. The association was stronger for inattention (odds ratio [OR] = 4.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [4.02, 5.22]) than for hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = [1.05 to 1.39]). Conclusion: Higher levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were independently associated with perceived stress in French college students. This association was mainly driven by inattention. Screenings to better detect ADHD symptoms should be implemented in universities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Objective: ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be viewed as the extreme end of traits found in the general population. Clinical and genetic studies suggest that ADHD and ASD often co-occur and share genetic susceptibility. The aim of this study was to examine co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD traits in the general population. Method: In total, 334 participants were recruited from a population-based sample. Four questionnaires assessing current and retrospective ADHD and ASD traits were administered online: the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Symptom Checklist, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-25), the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Results: A significant correlation was found between ADHD and autistic traits. In particular, higher inattention and overall ADHD scores were associated with self-reported deficits in communication and social skills. Conclusion: Our findings are similar to results from studies on clinical populations, suggesting that ADHD and ASD might share common etiology.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nankoo MMA, Palermo R, Bell JA, Pestell CM. Examining the Rate of Self-Reported ADHD-Related Traits and Endorsement of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Autistic-Like Traits in Australian University Students. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:869-886. [PMID: 29502467 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718758901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the rate of ADHD-related traits among young adults in an Australian university, and to examine whether higher endorsement of ADHD-related symptoms is associated with self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, distress, and autistic-like traits. METHOD In total, 1,002 students aged 17 to 25 years completed the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and the Autism Quotient (AQ). RESULTS About 17.3% of students reported "at-risk" levels of ADHD-related symptoms. Regression analyses revealed that CAARS scores explained unique variance in self-reported levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and autism-related traits. CONCLUSION The rate of self-reported ADHD symptoms is higher in Australian undergraduate students than that reported in previous studies using the CAARS to investigate rates of diagnosed students. Problems with self-concept accounted for the most unique variance in DASS subscale scores. Hyperactivity/restlessness and inattention/memory problems accounted for the most unique variance in AQ-Social and AQ-Attention-to-Detail scores, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Romina Palermo
- 1 The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Regnart J, Truter I, Zingela Z, Meyer A. A pilot study: Use of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale in a South African patient population. S Afr J Psychiatr 2019; 25:1326. [PMID: 31205781 PMCID: PMC6556992 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v25i0.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which typically presents in childhood. This diagnosis may often be overlooked in adulthood, particularly in psychiatric populations. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is an internationally used and reliable screener; however, studies investigating its use in African populations are limited. Aim To investigate the application of the ASRS in a South African setting. Setting A patient population in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, was identified as representing a developing or low- and middle-income country population. Methods A convenience sample of acutely presenting psychiatric participants admitted for stabilisation was used. Fieldworkers administered the ASRS; collected information relating to demographics, differential diagnoses, substance use disorder (SUD) presence and substance consumption; and prescribed medication relating to current or historical treatment of ADHD. Results The study sample included 30 participants, with black people representing the majority of participants. Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale completion revealed the rate of ADHD within the study population to be 43.3%, a contrast to the initially presumed prevalence of 6.7% which was based on reported methylphenidate therapy. A difference in SUD prevalence was identified between subjects screening positively and negatively for ADHD with a greater tendency towards SUDs seen for ASRS-positive individuals. Significant differences were identified in relation to cannabis- and polysubstance use for ASRS-positive individuals. Conclusion Despite limitations related to the sample used and challenges in ASRS administration, investigation findings support recommendations for ADHD screening inclusion in acute inpatient settings in South Africa and ASRS translation into indigenous African languages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Regnart
- Department of Pharmacy, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Ilse Truter
- Department of Pharmacy, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Zukiswa Zingela
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Anneke Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vatansever D, Bozhilova NS, Asherson P, Smallwood J. The devil is in the detail: exploring the intrinsic neural mechanisms that link attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology to ongoing cognition. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1185-1194. [PMID: 30514410 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental condition that profoundly affects quality of life. Although mounting evidence now suggests uncontrolled mind-wandering as a core aspect of the attentional problems associated with ADHD, the neural mechanisms underpinning this deficit remains unclear. To that extent, competing views argue for (i) excessive generation of task-unrelated mental content, or (ii) deficiency in the control of task-relevant cognition. METHODS In a cross-sectional investigation of a large neurotypical cohort (n = 184), we examined alterations in the intrinsic brain functional connectivity architecture of the default mode (DMN) and frontoparietal (FPN) networks during resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in relation to ADHD symptomatology, which could potentially underlie changes in ongoing thought within variable environmental contexts. RESULTS The results illustrated that ADHD symptoms were linked to lower levels of detail in ongoing thought while the participants made more difficult, memory based decisions. Moreover, greater ADHD scores were associated with lower levels of connectivity between the DMN and right sensorimotor cortex, and between the FPN and right ventral visual cortex. Finally, a combination of high levels of ADHD symptomology with reduced FPN connectivity to the visual cortex was associated with reduced levels of detail in thought. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that the frequent mind-wandering observed in ADHD may be an indirect consequence of the deficient control of ongoing cognition in response to increasing environmental demands, and that this may partly arise from dysfunctions in the intrinsic organisation of the FPN at rest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natali S Bozhilova
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,London,UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,London,UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Panagiotidi M, Overton P. The relationship between internet addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and online activities in adults. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 87:7-11. [PMID: 30176388 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Internet Addiction (IA), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and online activities in an adult population. METHODS A sample of 400 individuals aged 18 to 70 completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Young's Internet Addiction Test, and their preferred online activities. RESULTS A moderate association was found between higher levels of ADHD symptoms and IA. The best predictors of IA scores were ADHD symptoms, age, playing online games and spending more time online. CONCLUSION Our findings further support a positive relationship between ADHD symptoms and excessive internet use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Panagiotidi
- School of Health Sciences, Allerton, Frederick Road Campus, University of Salford, M6 6PU, UK.
| | - Paul Overton
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bardeen JR, Fergus TA. Executive Control Deficits Potentiate the Effect of Maladaptive Metacognitive Beliefs on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1898. [PMID: 30349499 PMCID: PMC6186835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The metacognitive model and recent preliminary research suggests that metacognitive beliefs (i.e., beliefs about thinking) may be particularly important for understanding the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress (PTS). The metacognitive model also suggests that deficits in executive control (i.e., metacognitive control) may increase the impact of metacognitive beliefs on PTS symptoms. Trauma-exposed adult participants (N = 469), recruited through an online crowdsourcing website, completed a battery of measures assessing the constructs of interest. As predicted, deficits in executive control strengthened the positive association between metacognitive beliefs and PTS symptoms. This effect was found in relation to positive (e.g., "Worrying will keep me safe"), but not negative (e.g., "My thoughts are uncontrollable"), metacognitive beliefs. Supplemental analyses, indicated that the interaction between positive metacognitive beliefs and executive control significantly predicted all PTS cluster scores (i.e., Intrusion, Cognition, Arousal, Avoidance). Taken together, results support the proposal that executive control deficits potentiate the effect of metacognitive beliefs on PTS symptoms. Intervention strategies designed to strengthen executive control (e.g., the attention training technique) may be useful in treating individuals with PTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Bardeen
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Thomas A. Fergus
- Baylor Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gu C, Liu ZX, Tannock R, Woltering S. Neural processing of working memory in adults with ADHD in a visuospatial change detection task with distractors. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5601. [PMID: 30245935 PMCID: PMC6149497 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are often characterized by deficits in working memory (WM), which manifest in academic, professional, and mental health difficulties. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of these presumed WM deficits, we compared adults with ADHD to their peers on behavioral and neural indices of WM. We used a visuospatial change detection task with distractors which was designed to assess the brain’s ability to effectively filter out distractors from WM, in addition to testing for effects of WM load. Twenty-seven unmedicated adults with ADHD were compared to 27 matched peers on event-related potential (ERP) measures of WM, i.e., the contralateral delay activity (CDA). Despite severe impairments in everyday life functioning, findings showed no difference in deficits in behavioral tests of working memory for adults with ADHD compared to their peers. Interestingly, there were differences in neural activity between individuals with ADHD and their peers showing that the CDA of individuals with ADHD did not distinguish between high, distractor, and low memory load conditions. These data suggest, in the face of comparable behavioral performance, a difference in neural processing efficiency, wherein the brains of individuals with ADHD may not be as selective in the allocation of neural resources to perform a WM task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Xu Liu
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rosemary Tannock
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Program, Sickkids Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Woltering
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.,Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Silverstein MJ, Faraone SV, Alperin S, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Adler LA. How Informative Are Self-Reported Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms? An Examination of the Agreement Between the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale V1.1 and Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Investigator Symptom Rating Scale. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2018; 28:339-349. [PMID: 29172673 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2017.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess agreement between self-ratings via the adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS)-v1.1 Symptom Checklist and clinician ratings via the adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) expanded version using DSM-5 adult ADHD patients (referred sample) and ADHD controls (recruited from a primary care physician practice). METHODS The ASRS v1.1 Symptom Checklist was administered to measure self-reported ADHD symptoms and impairment, the Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale v1.2 was used to establish an adult ADHD diagnosis and the childhood and adult/current sections of the scale were used to provide scores to measure symptoms of childhood ADHD and recent symptoms of adult ADHD, the AISRS to measure ADHD current symptom severity. RESULTS Participants (n = 299; range 18-58), of which 171 were ADHD+ and 128 ADHD-. ASRS and AISRS total scores and individual subsections examining inattention, hyperactivity, emotional dysfunction (EF), and emotional dyscontrol (EC) were all significantly correlated (Spearman's ρ's = 0.78-0.89, ps < 0.01). Correlations remained significant when controlling for demographic factors and psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS The ASRS (self) and AISRS (clinician rated) scales have high agreement. This agreement extended not only the to the core 18 DSM symptoms, but also to the additional 13 symptoms that examine EC and EF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Silverstein
- 1 Department of Psychology, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, New York
| | - Samuel Alperin
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York.,4 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,5 Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell , Hempstead, New York
| | | | | | - Lenard A Adler
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York.,7 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Silverstein MJ, Alperin S, Faraone SV, Kessler RC, Adler LA. Test-retest reliability of the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) v1.1 Screener in non-ADHD controls from a primary care physician practice. Fam Pract 2018; 35:336-341. [PMID: 29177453 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmx115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the test-retest reliability of the DSM-IV Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) v1.1 Screener in adults without ADHD. Prior studies have not examined test-retest reliability of the Screener in non-ADHD controls. METHODS Subjects completed the Screener in a primary care physician (PCP) waiting room (T1); those who screened negative for ADHD (n = 104) (<4/6 significant Screener items) symptoms were further assessed on the phone (T2). T2 included phone administration of the full ASRS v1.1 Symptom Checklist (which contains the six items from the Screener). Spearman's correlations and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between T1 and T2 were calculated for the total Screener score and for each Screener item. McNemar-Bowker tests were conducted for the Screener total score and each item to check for significant changes from T1 to T2. RESULTS Screener T1 and T2 total scores were significantly correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.78, P < 0.0001), as were individual items. Correlations remained significant when controlling for a variety of demographic factors and psychiatric conditions. Confirming the significant Spearman correlations, ICCs for Screener total score and each item were also significant (ICC = 0.75, P < 0.0001). The McNemar-Bowker tests showed no significant differences for Screener total score and for the IA items; however, the H-I items were somewhat higher at T1 versus T2. CONCLUSIONS The DSM-IV ASRS v1.1 Screener has high test-retest reliability in patients without ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Alperin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York, USA.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, USA
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lenard A Adler
- Department of Psychiatry, New York, USA.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mattos P, Nazar BP, Tannock R. By the book: ADHD prevalence in medical students varies with analogous methods of addressing DSM items. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2018; 40:382-387. [PMID: 29451590 PMCID: PMC6899387 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The marked increase in the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among university students gives rise to questions about how best to diagnose in this setting. The aim of the present study was to calculate ADHD prevalence in a large non-clinical sample of medical students using a stepwise design and to determine whether ADHD diagnosis varies if interviewees use additional probing procedures to obtain examples of positive DSM items. Methods: A total of 726 students were screened with the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and invited for an interview with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) adapted for adults. Results: The ASRS was positive for 247 students (37%), although only 83 (7.9%) received an ADHD diagnosis. ASRS sensitivity and specificity rates were 0.97 and 0.40, respectively. Probing procedures were used with a subgroup of 226 students, which decreased the number of ADHD diagnoses to 12 (4.5%). Conclusion: Probing for an individual’s real-life examples during the K-SADS interview almost halved ADHD prevalence rate based on the ASRS and K-SADS, which rendered the rate consistent with that typically reported for young adults. In reclassified cases, although examples of inattention did not match the corresponding DSM item, they often referred to another DSM inattention item.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Mattos
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisae Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Nazar
- Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tinklenberg J, Patel B, Gelman K, Albucher R. Assessing adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the university setting. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:141-144. [PMID: 29028463 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1389733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address the increasing demand for assessments of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the primary author developed a protocol for Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS) at Stanford University's Vaden Student Health Center to improve the efficiency of such evaluations. PARTICIPANTS As part of quality assurance, we reviewed the charts of Stanford students who sought assessment for ADHD before the protocol was implemented (September 2011-June 2013) and after the protocol was established (October 2013-August 2014). An IRB exemption was obtained. METHODS The protocol includes questionnaires that solicit detailed clinical information from a variety of sources prior to the student's initial visit. RESULTS A peer chart review of 35 randomly selected charts showed that students completing the protocol are receiving a more thorough assessment. CONCLUSION The new Stanford ADHD protocol, designed to improve clinic efficiency, also increases the availability of relevant clinical information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tinklenberg
- a Vaden Health Center , Stanford University , Stanford , California , USA
| | - Bina Patel
- a Vaden Health Center , Stanford University , Stanford , California , USA
| | - Kathryn Gelman
- a Vaden Health Center , Stanford University , Stanford , California , USA
| | - Ronald Albucher
- a Vaden Health Center , Stanford University , Stanford , California , USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Evren C, Dalbudak E, Ozen S, Evren B. The relationship of social anxiety disorder symptoms with probable attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Turkish university students; impact of negative affect and personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion. Psychiatry Res 2017; 254:158-163. [PMID: 28460287 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate relationship of social anxiety disorder symptoms with probable attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while controlling the personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion, anxiety and depression symptoms in a sample of Turkish university students (n=455). Participants were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated Form (EPQR-A), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Severity of social anxiety, depression, anxiety and neuroticism were higher among those with probable ADHD, whereas extraversion score did not differ between the groups. The severity of ADHD score, particularly hyperactivity/impulsivity score, was related with the "fear or anxiety" together with low extraversion (introversion) and high neuroticism dimensions of personality, whereas the severity of ADHD score, both inatentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores, was related with "avoidence" together with low extraversion (introversion) dimension of personality. These findings suggest that probable ADHD and severity of ADHD symptoms are related with both "fear or anxiety" and "avoidance" of social anxiety, while personality dimensions of low extraversion (introversion) and high neuroticism may have an effect on this relationships among young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Evren
- Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Secil Ozen
- Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Evren
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Weyandt LL, Oster DR, Gudmundsdottir BG, DuPaul GJ, Anastopoulos AD. Neuropsychological functioning in college students with and without ADHD. Neuropsychology 2017; 31:160-172. [PMID: 27831696 PMCID: PMC5280458 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing numbers of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are attending college; however, little empirical information is available concerning the functional impairment experienced by these students. Although preliminary studies suggest that college students with ADHD are more likely to experience a variety of psychosocial and academic difficulties compared to their peers without the disorder, findings regarding neuropsychological functioning have been inconsistent with some studies reporting that college students with ADHD perform more poorly on various cognitive and neuropsychological tasks while others report no differences compared to their peers without ADHD. METHOD The purposes of the present study, the Trajectories Related to ADHD in College project, a longitudinal study following the 4-year outcomes of college students with and without ADHD, were to (a) examine the performance of 436 first-year college students with and without ADHD (51.6% female) on measures of executive function (EF) and intelligence and (b) investigate the association of self-reported use of stimulant medication and neuropsychological performance in students with ADHD. Participant data from their first year of involvement in the study were analyzed. RESULTS Participants with ADHD performed more poorly on task-based and self-report EF measures relative to the comparison group. In contrast, no significant group differences were found with respect to intellectual performance. Within the ADHD group, use of prescription stimulant medication was associated with improved performance on some, but not all, neuropsychological tasks. Additional analyses also revealed significant group differences in EF based on clinical diagnostic status. CONCLUSION College students with ADHD demonstrated poorer EF than their peers without ADHD and psychostimulant medication was associated with improved EF performance. No group differences were found with respect to intellectual functioning, Lastly, having one or more comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in addition to ADHD was associated with poorer EF outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George J DuPaul
- Department of Education and Human Services, Lehigh University
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cachoeira CT, Leffa DT, Mittelstadt SD, Mendes LST, Brunoni AR, Pinto JV, Blazius V, Machado V, Bau CHD, Rohde LA, Grevet EH, Schestatsky P. Positive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - A pilot randomized controlled study. Psychiatry Res 2017; 247:28-32. [PMID: 27863315 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost 30% of adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) do not respond or tolerate standard pharmacological interventions. Few clinical investigations addressed the efficacy and tolerability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique, in the disorder. We performed a double-blind, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial in 17 patients with ADHD. The set up for tDCS was the following: 2mA/20min/day for 5 days with the anode over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cathode over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. ADHD symptoms were measured by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and impairment with the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) in four different time points after stimulation. Participants achieved significant lower ASRS inattention and SDS scores after active tDCS in comparison with sham stimulation group. In addition, we detected a trend for a lower ASRS total score in the active tDCS group. Follow up data analysis revealed a positive interaction between time and treatment in both ASRS inattention, SDS and ASRS total scores. Short-term application of tDCS in adult patients with ADHD improved their symptoms, and this improvement persisted after the end of the stimulation. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- Post-Graduation Program of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andre R Brunoni
- Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of So Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of So Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vtor Blazius
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Machado
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- Post-Graduation Program of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clnicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Post-Graduation Program of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clnicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- Post-Graduation Program of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clnicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Schestatsky
- Post-Graduation Program of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Service of Neurology, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu ZX, Lishak V, Tannock R, Woltering S. Effects of working memory training on neural correlates of Go/Nogo response control in adults with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychologia 2017; 95:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
47
|
Gray SA, Fettes P, Woltering S, Mawjee K, Tannock R. Symptom Manifestation and Impairments in College Students With ADHD. JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 2016; 49:616-630. [PMID: 25778457 DOI: 10.1177/0022219415576523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the nature of impairment resulting from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for students in a post-secondary education (PSE) setting, the authors analyzed the symptoms and associated impairment of 135 students with a diagnosis of ADHD who were recruited via Student Disability Services in Canadian post-secondary institutions. The authors (a) developed a novel semistructured telephone interview based on the 6-item Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener-Telephone Interview With Probes (ASRS-TIPS) to elicit students' descriptions of their behavior for each symptom they endorsed, (b) administered standardized tests of executive functioning (EF) and academic fluency, and (c) obtained self-reports of grade point averages (GPAs), EF, cognitive failures, psychopathology, distress, and resilience. Qualitative analysis of the ASRS-TIPS revealed significant impairment relating to symptoms of ADHD in the PSE setting. Students reported clinically significant symptoms of ADHD, psychological distress, and impairment in EF (67%, severe range) and cognitive failure (62%, atypical range) in everyday life. By contrast, their GPAs and standardized scores of EF and academic fluency were in the average range. Standardized scores and GPAs did not capture the impairment that participants experienced in their PSE settings. The ASRS-TIPS may provide a useful tool to help document how these students' symptoms impair functioning in the PSE setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Gray
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Fettes
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Woltering
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Karizma Mawjee
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Rosemary Tannock
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada The Hospital for Sick Children, ON, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu ZX, Glizer D, Tannock R, Woltering S. EEG alpha power during maintenance of information in working memory in adults with ADHD and its plasticity due to working memory training: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1307-1320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
49
|
Adult ADHD: Associations with Personality and Other Psychopathology. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
50
|
Mawjee K, Woltering S, Tannock R. Working Memory Training in Post-Secondary Students with ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137173. [PMID: 26397109 PMCID: PMC4580470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether standard-length computerized training enhances working memory (WM), transfers to other cognitive domains and shows sustained effects, when controlling for motivation, engagement, and expectancy. METHODS 97 post-secondary students (59.8% female) aged 18-35 years with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, were randomized into standard-length adaptive Cogmed WM training (CWMT; 45-min/session), a shortened-length adaptive version of CWMT (15 min/session) that controlled for motivation, engagement and expectancy of change, or into a no training group (waitlist-control group). All three groups received weekly telephone calls from trained coaches, who supervised the CWMT and were independent from the research team. All were evaluated before and 3 weeks post-training; those in the two CWMT groups were also assessed 3 months post-training. Untrained outcome measures of WM included the WAIS-IV Digit Span (auditory-verbal WM), CANTAB Spatial Span (visual-spatial WM) and WRAML Finger Windows (visual-spatial WM). Transfer-of-training effects included measures of short-term memory, cognitive speed, math and reading fluency, complex reasoning, and ADHD symptoms. RESULTS Performance on 5/7 criterion measures indicated that shortened-length CWMT conferred as much benefit on WM performance as did standard-length training, with both CWMT groups improving more than the waitlist-control group. Only 2 of these findings remained robust after correcting for multiple comparisons. Follow-up analyses revealed that post-training improvements on WM performance were maintained for at least three months. There was no evidence of any transfer effects but the standard-length group showed improvement in task-specific strategy use. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to find robust evidence of benefits of standard-length CWMT for improving WM in college students with ADHD and the overall pattern of findings raise questions about the specificity of training effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01657721.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Woltering
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rosemary Tannock
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|