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Henning JD, Kercher K, Bunker CH, Ferrel RE, Patrick AL, Jenkins FJ. Abstract B006: Analysis of the interaction of human herpes virus 8 and gp130 in prostate cancer risk. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.prca2017-b006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the United States and is second to lung cancer as a cause of cancer death. The occurrence of prostate cancer is not uniform among different races. It is more prevalent among African Americans than either Caucasians or Asians. This increased risk for prostate cancer among men of African descent is particularly strong in the Caribbean nation of Trinidad and Tobago where the prevalence of screening-detected prostate cancer was 3-fold higher among Tobago men of African descent compared to U.S. Caucasian men. In the present study we test the hypothesis that a polymorphism in the binding domain of gp130 in association with inflammation induced by HHV-8 increases the risk of prostate cancer. As a result, Tobago men with the high-risk gp130 allele whose prostates express HHV-8 proteins have an increased risk of prostate cancer (OR=3.1, 95% C.I. 1.18-8.11). In addition, studies in B cell lines derived from Tobago men with the three different genotypes showed that IL-6 causes a significant increase in cell division based on genotype with a resulting increase in STAT-3 activation via phosphorylation. These results will also aid in defining better a treatment plan for prostatic inflammation that is a result of viral infection and will provide a better understanding of disease progression.
Citation Format: Jill D. Henning, Kathrine Kercher, Clareann H. Bunker, Robert E. Ferrel, Alan L. Patrick, Frank J. Jenkins. Analysis of the interaction of human herpes virus 8 and gp130 in prostate cancer risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B006.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alan L. Patrick
- 3Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
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Henning JD, Karamchandani JM, Bonachea LA, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Jenkins FJ. Elevated Serum PSA is Associated With Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection and Increased Circulating Cytokine Levels in Men From Tobago. Prostate 2017; 77:617-624. [PMID: 28117495 PMCID: PMC5354972 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum-prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels have been used for many years as a biomarker for prostate cancer. This usage is under scrutiny due to the fact that elevated PSA levels can be caused by other conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and infections of or injury to the prostate. As a result, the identification of specific pathogens capable of increasing serum levels of PSA is important. A potential candidate responsible for elevated PSA is human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). We have reported previously that HHV-8 is capable of infecting and establishing a latent infection in the prostate. In this current study we test the hypothesis that HHV-8 infection is associated with elevated PSA levels. Circulating cytokine levels between men with elevated PSA and controls are also compared. METHODS HHV-8 serostatus was determined among men with elevated serum PSA (≥4 ng/ml; n = 168, no prostate cancer on biopsy) and age-matched controls (PSA <4 ng/ml; n = 234), Circulating cytokine levels were determined among a subset of each group (116 with elevated PSA and 85 controls). RESULTS Men with an elevated serum PSA were significantly more likely to be HHV-8 seropositive (42.9%) than the age-matched cancer-free men (22.2%; OR 2.51; 95%CI 1.48-4.29, P = 00001). Comparison of circulating cytokine levels between men with elevated serum PSA and controls indicated that elevated serum PSA is associated with a pro-inflammatory response with a mixed Th1/Th2 response while HHV-8 infection was associated with significantly higher levels of IL12p70, IL-10, and IL-13 indicating a Th2 immune response. CONCLUSIONS We found a significant association between HHV-8 infection and increased levels of serum PSA. In an age of patient-centered medicine, men with an elevated serum PSA should be considered for HHV-8 serology testing to determine if HHV-8 is responsible for the elevated PSA. Prostate 77: 617-624, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill D. Henning
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh Johnstown, Johnstown, PA
| | | | - Luis A. Bonachea
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh Johnstown, Johnstown, PA
| | | | - Alan L. Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Frank J. Jenkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Correspondence: Dr. Frank J. Jenkins, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, G.17, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, , Office:412-623-3233, Fax: 412-623-1119
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Zhao Q, Zmuda JM, Kuipers AL, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Youk AO, Miljkovic I. Muscle Attenuation Is Associated With Newly Developed Hypertension in Men of African Ancestry. Hypertension 2017; 69:957-963. [PMID: 28264917 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased ectopic adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. We evaluated whether change in skeletal muscle adiposity predicts subsequent development of hypertension in men of African ancestry, a population sample understudied in previous studies. In the Tobago Health Study, a prospective longitudinal study among men of African ancestry (age range 40-91 years), calf intermuscular adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle attenuation were measured with computed tomography. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or receiving antihypertensive medications. Logistic regression was performed with adjustment for age, insulin resistance, baseline and 6-year change in body mass index, baseline and 6-year change in waist circumference, and other potential confounding factors. Among 746 normotensive men at baseline, 321 (43%) developed hypertension during the mean 6.2 years of follow-up. Decreased skeletal muscle attenuation was associated with newly developed hypertension after adjustment for baseline and 6-year change of body mass index (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per SD, 1.3 [1.0-1.6]) or baseline and 6-year change of waist circumference (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per SD, 1.3 [1.0-1.6]). No association was observed between increased intermuscular adipose tissue and hypertension. Our novel findings show that decreased muscle attenuation is associated with newly developed hypertension among men of African ancestry, independent of general and central adiposity and insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to adjust for inflammation, visceral and other ectopic adipose tissue depots, and to confirm our findings in other population samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (Q.Z., J.M.Z., A.L.K., C.H.B., I.M.); Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Trinidad & Tobago (A.L.P.); and Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.O.Y.)
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (Q.Z., J.M.Z., A.L.K., C.H.B., I.M.); Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Trinidad & Tobago (A.L.P.); and Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.O.Y.)
| | - Allison L Kuipers
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (Q.Z., J.M.Z., A.L.K., C.H.B., I.M.); Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Trinidad & Tobago (A.L.P.); and Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.O.Y.)
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (Q.Z., J.M.Z., A.L.K., C.H.B., I.M.); Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Trinidad & Tobago (A.L.P.); and Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.O.Y.)
| | - Alan L Patrick
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (Q.Z., J.M.Z., A.L.K., C.H.B., I.M.); Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Trinidad & Tobago (A.L.P.); and Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.O.Y.)
| | - Ada O Youk
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (Q.Z., J.M.Z., A.L.K., C.H.B., I.M.); Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Trinidad & Tobago (A.L.P.); and Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.O.Y.)
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (Q.Z., J.M.Z., A.L.K., C.H.B., I.M.); Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Trinidad & Tobago (A.L.P.); and Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA (A.O.Y.)
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Henning JD, Bonachea LA, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Jenkins FJ. Human herpesvirus 8 infection contributes to a T helper 2 immune response in men from Tobago with prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2016; 24:64-68. [PMID: 27734534 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the cytokine profile between human herpesvirus 8 seropositive and seronegative men with and without prostate cancer. METHODS The study sample was obtained from the Tobago Prostate Survey, an ongoing study of prostate cancer in the Caribbean island of Tobago. Participants in the study were recruited mostly by public service announcement and by word of mouth. For analyses of circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, participants with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer (n = 79) were compared with control participants (n = 87). RESULTS Cytokine analyses showed a T helper 2 response with suppressed T helper 1 response in prostate cancer patients, as evidenced by significantly increased levels of interleukin-13 and reduced levels of interleukin-12p70. Herpesvirus 8 seropositive men showed significantly increased levels of interleukin-13 and interleukin-10. At logistic regression analyses, interleukin-12p70 predicted prostate cancer in 94.4% of human herpesvirus 8 seropositive men. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that prostate cancer elicits an antitumor, T helper 2 response with a suppressed T helper 1 response. Human herpesvirus 8 infection results in a similar immune response supporting the hypothesis that in Tobago, human herpesvirus 8 establishes a chronic infection that can contribute to an immune response favoring the formation and survival of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill D Henning
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luis A Bonachea
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Frank J Jenkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Liu CT, Raghavan S, Maruthur N, Kabagambe EK, Hong J, Ng MCY, Hivert MF, Lu Y, An P, Bentley AR, Drolet AM, Gaulton KJ, Guo X, Armstrong LL, Irvin MR, Li M, Lipovich L, Rybin DV, Taylor KD, Agyemang C, Palmer ND, Cade BE, Chen WM, Dauriz M, Delaney JAC, Edwards TL, Evans DS, Evans MK, Lange LA, Leong A, Liu J, Liu Y, Nayak U, Patel SR, Porneala BC, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Snijder MB, Stallings SC, Tanaka T, Yanek LR, Zhao W, Becker DM, Bielak LF, Biggs ML, Bottinger EP, Bowden DW, Chen G, Correa A, Couper DJ, Crawford DC, Cushman M, Eicher JD, Fornage M, Franceschini N, Fu YP, Goodarzi MO, Gottesman O, Hara K, Harris TB, Jensen RA, Johnson AD, Jhun MA, Karter AJ, Keller MF, Kho AN, Kizer JR, Krauss RM, Langefeld CD, Li X, Liang J, Liu S, Lowe WL, Mosley TH, North KE, Pacheco JA, Peyser PA, Patrick AL, Rice KM, Selvin E, Sims M, Smith JA, Tajuddin SM, Vaidya D, Wren MP, Yao J, Zhu X, Ziegler JT, Zmuda JM, Zonderman AB, Zwinderman AH, Adeyemo A, Boerwinkle E, Ferrucci L, Hayes MG, Kardia SLR, Miljkovic I, Pankow JS, Rotimi CN, Sale MM, Wagenknecht LE, Arnett DK, Chen YDI, Nalls MA, Province MA, Kao WHL, Siscovick DS, Psaty BM, Wilson JG, Loos RJF, Dupuis J, Rich SS, Florez JC, Rotter JI, Morris AP, Meigs JB. Trans-ethnic Meta-analysis and Functional Annotation Illuminates the Genetic Architecture of Fasting Glucose and Insulin. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:56-75. [PMID: 27321945 PMCID: PMC5005440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the genetic basis of the type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related quantitative traits fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) in African ancestry (AA) individuals has been limited. In non-diabetic subjects of AA (n = 20,209) and European ancestry (EA; n = 57,292), we performed trans-ethnic (AA+EA) fine-mapping of 54 established EA FG or FI loci with detailed functional annotation, assessed their relevance in AA individuals, and sought previously undescribed loci through trans-ethnic (AA+EA) meta-analysis. We narrowed credible sets of variants driving association signals for 22/54 EA-associated loci; 18/22 credible sets overlapped with active islet-specific enhancers or transcription factor (TF) binding sites, and 21/22 contained at least one TF motif. Of the 54 EA-associated loci, 23 were shared between EA and AA. Replication with an additional 10,096 AA individuals identified two previously undescribed FI loci, chrX FAM133A (rs213676) and chr5 PELO (rs6450057). Trans-ethnic analyses with regulatory annotation illuminate the genetic architecture of glycemic traits and suggest gene regulation as a target to advance precision medicine for T2D. Our approach to utilize state-of-the-art functional annotation and implement trans-ethnic association analysis for discovery and fine-mapping offers a framework for further follow-up and characterization of GWAS signals of complex trait loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Sridharan Raghavan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO 80220, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80220, USA
| | - Nisa Maruthur
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edmond Kato Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 0A2, Canada
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne M Drolet
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Loren L Armstrong
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Denis V Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Marco Dauriz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Joseph A C Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Health Disparities Research Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27607, USA
| | - Aaron Leong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bianca C Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marieke B Snijder
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah C Stallings
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging at Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - David J Couper
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - John D Eicher
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Omri Gottesman
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kazuo Hara
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 163-0023, Japan
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Min A Jhun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew J Karter
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California Region, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Margaux F Keller
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abel N Kho
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jingling Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Division of Geriatrics/Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jennifer A Pacheco
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Kenneth M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Salman M Tajuddin
- Health Disparities Research Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mary P Wren
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Julie T Ziegler
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology & Population Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, US
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging at Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele M Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY 40563, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - W H Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - James B Meigs
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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6
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Zhao Q, Zmuda JM, Kuipers AL, Jonnalagadda P, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Youk AO, Miljkovic I. Greater skeletal muscle fat infiltration is associated with higher all-cause mortality among men of African ancestry. Age Ageing 2016; 45:529-34. [PMID: 27076522 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND fat infiltration within and around skeletal muscle (i.e. myosteatosis) increases with ageing, is greater in African versus European ancestry men and is associated with poor health. Myosteatosis studies of mortality are lacking, particularly among African ancestry populations. METHODS in the Tobago Health study, a prospective longitudinal study, we evaluated the association of all-cause mortality with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measured lower leg myosteatosis (intermuscular fat (IM fat) and muscle density) in 1,652 African ancestry men using Cox proportional hazards models. Date of death was abstracted from death certificates and/or proxy. RESULTS one hundred and twelve deaths occurred during follow-up (mean 5.9 years). In all men (age range 40-91 years), higher all-cause mortality was associated with greater IM fat (HR (95% CI) per SD: 1.29 (1.06-1.57)) and lower muscle density (HR (95% CI) per SD lower: 1.37 (1.08-1.75)) in fully adjusted models. Similar mortality hazard rates were seen in the subset of elderly men (aged ≥65 years) with greater IM fat (1.40 (1.11-1.78) or lower muscle density (1.66 (1.24-2.21)) in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS our study identified a novel, independent association between myosteatosis and all-cause mortality in African ancestry men. Further studies are needed to establish whether this association is independent of other ectopic fat depots and to identify possible biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Ada O Youk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Henning JD, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Jenkins FJ. Human herpesvirus 8 establishes a latent infection in prostates of Tobago men resulting in increased macrophage infiltration. Prostate 2016; 76:735-43. [PMID: 26848067 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Caribbean island of Tobago, which is 97% African ancestry, has one of the highest rates of prostate cancer in the world. We have previously reported that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection is significantly associated with prostate cancer in Tobago. In this study, we extend those results testing the hypothesis that HHV-8 seropositive Tobagonian men have a chronic HHV-8 infection in their prostates that is associated with increased inflammation. METHODS Prostate sections were screened by immunohistochemistry for the expression of HHV-8 proteins K8.1 and LANA-1 and for presence of B cells (CD20) and macrophages (CD68). RESULTS HHV-8 antigen expression representing lytic and latent infections was seen in 73.9% of prostates from HHV-8 seropositive subjects. Latent infections were seen predominantly in glandular epithelia whereas lytic gene expression was seen mainly in macrophages in prostate stroma. Macrophage infiltrates were significantly increased in sections expressing HHV-8 proteins. CONCLUSION HHV-8 establishes a chronic latent infection in the prostate, which is associated with an increased macrophage infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill D Henning
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh Johnstown, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Frank J Jenkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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8
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Kuipers AL, Miljkovic I, Evans R, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Zmuda JM. Optimal serum cholesterol concentrations are associated with accelerated bone loss in African ancestry men. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1577-1584. [PMID: 26602914 PMCID: PMC4792711 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We tested if serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with longitudinal measures of bone mineral density (BMD) in 1289 African ancestry men. After 6 years of mean follow-up, men with clinically optimal levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or triglycerides at baseline experienced the greatest BMD loss, independent of potential confounding factors (all p < 0.05). INTRODUCTION Studies of lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol associations with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone loss have been inconclusive, and longitudinal data are sparse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test if fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with areal and volumetric BMD and BMD change. METHODS We determined the association of serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations with cross-sectional and longitudinal (mean follow-up, 6.1 years) measures of BMD in a cohort of 1289 in African ancestry men (mean age, 56.4 years). Fasting serum triglycerides, HDL, and LDL were measured at baseline concurrent with BMD assessments. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to quantify integral hip BMD, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the radius and tibia was used to quantify volumetric BMD. Men were categorized as optimal, borderline, or high risk for triglyceride, HDL, and LDL concentrations based on Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. RESULTS Lower serum triglyceride or LDL and higher HDL concentrations were associated with lower trabecular BMD at baseline (all p < 0.05). Similarly, men classified as having optimal levels of LDL, HDL, or triglycerides at baseline experienced the greatest integral BMD loss at the hip and trabecular BMD loss at the tibia (all p < 0.05), independent of potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS We found that clinically optimal serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were associated with accelerated bone loss among Afro-Caribbean men. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved and potential clinical significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A543 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - I Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A543 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - R Evans
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A543 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - C H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A543 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - A L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Jerningham Court, James Park, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - J M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A543 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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9
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Kuipers AL, Kammerer CM, Pratt JH, Bunker CH, Wheeler VW, Patrick AL, Zmuda JM. Association of Circulating Renin and Aldosterone With Osteocalcin and Bone Mineral Density in African Ancestry Families. Hypertension 2016; 67:977-82. [PMID: 26975710 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with accelerated bone loss, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a key regulator of blood pressure. Although components of this system are expressed in human bone cells, studies in humans are sparse. Thus, we studied the association of circulating renin and aldosterone with osteocalcin and bone mineral density. We recruited 373 African ancestry family members without regard to health status from 6 probands (mean family size: 62 and relative pairs: 1687). Participants underwent a clinical examination, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and quantitative computed tomographic scans. Renin activity, aldosterone concentration, and osteocalcin were measured in fasting blood samples. Aldosterone/renin ratio was calculated as aldosterone concentration/renin activity. All models were analyzed using pedigree-based variance components methods. Full models included adjustment for age, sex, body composition, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, blood pressure, and antihypertensive medication. Higher renin activity was significantly associated with lower total osteocalcin and with higher trabecular bone mineral density (both P<0.01). There were also significant genetic correlations between renin activity and whole-body bone mineral density. There were no associations with aldosterone concentration in any model and results for aldosterone/renin ratio were similar to those for renin activity. This is the first study to report a significant association between renin activity and a marker of bone turnover and bone mineral density in generally healthy individuals. Also, there is evidence for significant genetic pleiotropy and, thus, there may be a shared biological mechanism underlying both the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and bone metabolism that is independent of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Kuipers
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (A.L.K., C.H.B., J.M.Z.) and Human Genetics (C.M.K., J.M.Z.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.H.P.); and Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (V.W.W., A.L.P.).
| | - Candace M Kammerer
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (A.L.K., C.H.B., J.M.Z.) and Human Genetics (C.M.K., J.M.Z.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.H.P.); and Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (V.W.W., A.L.P.)
| | - J Howard Pratt
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (A.L.K., C.H.B., J.M.Z.) and Human Genetics (C.M.K., J.M.Z.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.H.P.); and Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (V.W.W., A.L.P.)
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (A.L.K., C.H.B., J.M.Z.) and Human Genetics (C.M.K., J.M.Z.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.H.P.); and Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (V.W.W., A.L.P.)
| | - Victor W Wheeler
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (A.L.K., C.H.B., J.M.Z.) and Human Genetics (C.M.K., J.M.Z.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.H.P.); and Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (V.W.W., A.L.P.)
| | - Alan L Patrick
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (A.L.K., C.H.B., J.M.Z.) and Human Genetics (C.M.K., J.M.Z.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.H.P.); and Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (V.W.W., A.L.P.)
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (A.L.K., C.H.B., J.M.Z.) and Human Genetics (C.M.K., J.M.Z.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.H.P.); and Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (V.W.W., A.L.P.)
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10
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Tilves CM, Zmuda JM, Kuipers AL, Nestlerode CS, Evans RW, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Miljkovic I. Association of Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein With Aging-Related Adiposity Change and Prediabetes Among African Ancestry Men. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:385-91. [PMID: 26721818 PMCID: PMC4764043 DOI: 10.2337/dc15-1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional studies suggest that lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) may be associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. However, prospective studies examining LBP are lacking. This prospective study investigated the association between LBP and metabolic abnormalities in 580 African ancestry men (mean age, 59.1 ± 10.5 years). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured fasting serum LBP at baseline. Changes in adiposity and glucose homeostasis as well as case subjects with new type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were assessed at a follow-up visit ~6 years later. Baseline LBP values were tested across quartiles for linear trend with metabolic measures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the odds of new cases of IFG or diabetes per 1-SD greater baseline LBP. RESULTS LBP was significantly associated with baseline BMI, waist circumference, whole-body and trunk fat, skeletal muscle density, fasting serum insulin, and HOMA-insulin resistance (IR) (all P < 0.01). Greater baseline LBP was significantly associated with longitudinal increases in the percentage of trunk fat (P = 0.025) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.034), but only borderline so with a decrease in skeletal muscle density (P = 0.057). In men with normal glucose, baseline LBP was associated with increased odds of having IFG at follow-up after adjustment for age, baseline trunk fat, and lifestyle factors (odds ratio per 1-SD LBP: 1.51; 95% CI 1.02-2.21). This association was attenuated after additional adjustment for change in trunk fat (P = 0.067). CONCLUSIONS LBP may be a marker of prediabetes. Some of this association appears to be mediated through increased central and ectopic skeletal muscle adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis M Tilves
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Cara S Nestlerode
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rhobert W Evans
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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11
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Miljkovic I, Kuipers AL, Cvejkus R, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Gordon CL, Zmuda JM. Myosteatosis increases with aging and is associated with incident diabetes in African ancestry men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:476-82. [PMID: 26694517 PMCID: PMC4731257 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle fat infiltration (known as myosteatosis) is greater in African compared with European ancestry men and may play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, prospective studies examining the magnitude of changes in myosteatosis with aging and their metabolic consequences are sparse. METHODS Longitudinal changes in peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured calf myosteatosis [intermuscular fat (mm(2) ) and skeletal muscle density as a measure of intramuscular fat (mg/cm(3) )] were examined in 1515 Afro-Caribbean men aged 40+ years recruited without regard to their health status. RESULTS During an average of 6.2 years of follow-up, an age-related increase in intermuscular fat and a decrease in skeletal muscle density were observed (all P < 0.0001), which remained significant in those who lost weight, gained weight, or remained weight stable (all P < 0.0001). In addition, muscle density loss accelerated with increasing age (P < 0.0001). Increased intermuscular fat during follow-up was associated with an increased incident risk of T2D independent of factors known to be associated with T2D (odds ratios per 1-SD increase in intermuscular fat = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.08-1.53). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that both inter- and intramuscular fat increase with advancing age and that intermuscular fat contributes to development of T2D among African ancestry men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Cvejkus
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | | | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Kuipers AL, Egwuogu H, Evans RW, Patrick AL, Youk A, Bunker CH, Zmuda JM. Renal Function and Bone Loss in a Cohort of Afro-Caribbean Men. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:2215-20. [PMID: 26011289 PMCID: PMC4775470 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Poor renal function is associated with increased rates of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures in Caucasian men. The importance of kidney function for skeletal health in African ancestry men, who are a population segment with a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease as well as high peak bone mass, is not well known. We examined the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and rates of bone loss in a large population cohort of otherwise healthy Afro-Caribbean men aged 40 years and older. Dual X-ray absorptiometry of the proximal femur and quantitative computed tomography of the proximal radius and tibia were obtained approximately 6 years apart. We calculated eGFR from serum creatinine that was measured in fasting samples in 1451 men. Impaired kidney function (IKF, eGFR<60 ml/min/1.7 m(2)) was observed in 8.6% of the cohort. The relationship between IKF and baseline BMD and annualized rate of change in BMD was analyzed controlling for potentially important confounders. IKF was not associated with baseline BMD. In contrast, men with IKF experienced a rate of decline in areal BMD at the total hip, femoral neck and trochanter and cortical volumetric BMD compared to those with normal kidney function (p<0.05 for all). Impaired kidney function was not associated with changes in trabecular volumetric BMD. In conclusion, poorer kidney function is associated with accelerated bone loss among otherwise healthy Afro-Caribbean men even after controlling for age and other important medical and lifestyle related variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heartley Egwuogu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rhobert W Evans
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- The Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Ada Youk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Patrick AL, Bunker CH, Nelson JB, Dhir R, Wheeler VW, Zmuda JM, Richard JR, Belle AC, Kuller LH. Argument for prostate cancer screening in populations of African-Caribbean origin. BJU Int 2015; 116:507-8. [PMID: 25046681 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel B Nelson
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victor W Wheeler
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Belle
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Sheu Y, Bunker CH, Jonnalagadda P, Cvejkus RK, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Gordon CL, Zmuda JM. Rates of and risk factors for trabecular and cortical BMD loss in middle-aged and elderly African-ancestry men. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:543-53. [PMID: 25213918 PMCID: PMC4878409 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Low trabecular (Tb) and cortical (Ct) volumetric BMD (vBMD) are related to increased fracture risk, but little is known about the patterns and correlates of Tb and Ct vBMD loss with aging. We examined the rates of change in total, Tb.vBMD, and Ct.vBMD at the radius and tibia, and identified factors associated with vBMD loss among 1569 men of African descent aged 40 years and older. Quantitative computed tomography was used to measure vBMD 6 years apart. The annualized rate of loss in Tb.vBMD was significant at the radius (-0.047%/yr, p = 0.016) but not at the tibia. At the radius, a significant loss of Tb.vBMD was observed in men aged 40 to 49 years that appeared to be attenuated and not statistically significant among older age men. In contrast, the decline in Ct.vBMD was similar at both skeletal sites (-0.254 to -0.264%/yr, p < 0.0001) and was consistent across all age groups. Positive associations were found for vBMD changes with body weight (all but radius Ct.vBMD) and diabetes (Ct.vBMD only), whereas negative associations were found with hypertension (all but radius Tb.vBMD), smoking (Ct.vBMD only), and androgen deprivation therapy (cortical vBMD only). Trabecular and cortical vBMD loss appears to follow different patterns among middle- and older-aged men of African ancestry. Factors associated with the decline in vBMD also varied by compartment and anatomical site. Additional studies are needed to better understand the physiological mechanisms underlying early BMD loss among African-ancestry men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahtyng Sheu
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Kuipers AL, Yu S, Kammerer CM, Nestlerode CS, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Zhang Y, Zmuda JM. Heritability and genetics of serum dickkopf 1 levels in African ancestry families. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:155-9. [PMID: 25550102 PMCID: PMC4320655 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the heritability of serum dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and its association with DKK1 polymorphisms in African ancestry subjects. Serum DKK1 was measured in 422 Afro-Caribbean men and women aged 18+ from 7 large, multi-generational families (mean family size: 60; 3,215 relative pairs). Twenty-four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped within an 80 kilobase-pair region encompassing the DKK1 gene. Heritability was estimated and SNPs were tested for association with serum DKK1 using variance components analysis. DKK1 mRNA expression was tested in peripheral blood of 16 individuals from each of the rs7069912 genotypes. Mean serum DKK1 was 1724.1 pg/mL and was significantly lower in women than men (P = 0.043). Residual genetic heritability of serum DKK1 was 0.4460 (P < 0.0001). Six SNPs reached nominal significance with DKK1, with rs7069912 being significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Two of these six SNPs represented independent association signals (rs7069912 and rs16928725), which accounted for 4.6% of the phenotypic variation in DKK1. Additionally, carriers of the rs7069912 variant had significantly greater DKK1 expression than non-carriers (P = 0.036). Serum DKK1 levels are highly heritable in the African ancestry families. Two SNPs within the DKK1 region accounted for nearly 5% of the variation in serum DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto St, A543 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA,
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16
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McDonald AC, Jenkins FJ, Bunker CH, Wilson JW, Patrick AL, Weissfeld JL. Human herpesvirus 8 seroconversion in a population-based cohort of men in Tobago. J Med Virol 2015; 87:642-7. [PMID: 25612304 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the causal agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). In Tobago, KS is not common; however, HHV-8 seropositivity has been reported to be 39.9% in men with prostate cancer compared to <22.9% in healthier women and men. To understand HHV-8 transmission, we examined HHV-8 seroconversion and seroreversion, and risk factors for these changes in Tobago men. Serum specimens from a sub-cohort of Tobago Prostate Survey men, aged 40-81 years (n = 381/442), were collected at baseline and a subsequent visit between 3 and 9 years and tested for HHV-8 seropositivity using an immunofluorescence assay for antibodies against HHV-8 lytic antigens. Poisson distribution was used to calculate HHV-8 seroconversion and seroreversion rates and their 95% confidence intervals. Differences in baseline characteristics between HHV-seroconverters versus persistent HHV-8 seronegative men and HHV-8 seroreverters versus HHV-8 seropositive men were examined. HHV-8 seropositivity was 12.3% (N = 381) at baseline, with HHV-8 seropositivity significantly higher in increasing age groups, 40-49 (4.0%) to 70-81 (37.5%) years (P-value trend <0.0001). HHV-8 seroconversion and seroreversion rates were 0.23 per 100 person-years (95% C.I., 0.06-0.58) and 2.42 per 100 person-years (95% C.I., 0.89-5.26), respectively. There were significantly more HHV-8 seroconverters who reported "ever smoked cigarettes of >6 months" at baseline compared to HHV-8 persistent seronegative men (P-value = 0.03). Baseline characteristics of HHV-8 seroreverters did not differ from persistent seropositive men. Low HHV-8 seroconversion and seroreversion rates were found. Data suggest that HHV-8 transmission occurred at earlier ages, <40 years, in Tobago men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C McDonald
- Department of Population Health, Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York; Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York
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Kuipers AL, Miljkovic I, Carr JJ, Terry JG, Nestlerode CS, Ge Y, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Zmuda JM. Association of circulating sclerostin with vascular calcification in Afro-Caribbean men. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:218-23. [PMID: 25618029 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sclerostin, a Wingless (Wnt) pathway antagonist, is an established regulator of bone mineralization in humans but its potential importance in the regulation of vascular calcification is less clear. Therefore, our objective was to assess the relationship of serum sclerostin levels with coronary and aortic artery calcification (CAC and AAC, respectively) in Afro-Caribbean men on the island of Tobago. METHODS Serum sclerostin levels and computed tomography of CAC and AAC were measured in 191 men (age mean(SD): 62.9(8.0)years) recruited without regard to health status. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the cross-sectional association of sclerostin with prevalent arterial calcification. RESULTS Mean(SD) sclerostin was 45.2 pmol/L (15.6 pmol/L). After adjusting for risk factors including age, physical and lifestyle characteristics, comorbidities, lipoproteins and kidney function, 1 SD greater sclerostin level was associated with a 1.61-times (95%CI 1.02-2.53) greater odds of having CAC. Sclerostin was not associated with AAC in any model. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that, among Afro-Caribbean men, greater serum sclerostin concentrations were associated with prevalence and extent of CAC. Further studies are needed to better define the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in arterial calcification in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Jeffery Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cara S Nestlerode
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yaorong Ge
- Department of Software and Information Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Shin MH, Zmuda JM, Barrett-Connor E, Sheu Y, Patrick AL, Leung PC, Kwok A, Kweon SS, Nam HS, Cauley JA. Race/ethnic differences in associations between bone mineral density and fracture history in older men. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:837-45. [PMID: 24146094 PMCID: PMC4058886 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY To determine whether there are race/ethnic differences in bone mineral density (BMD) by fracture history in men aged 65 years and older, we performed cross-sectional analysis in five large independent cohorts. Low BMD was associated with a higher prevalence of fracture in all cohorts, and the magnitude of the BMD differences by fracture status was similar across groups. INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine whether there are race/ethnic and geographic differences in bone mineral density by fracture history in men aged 65 years and older. METHOD The datasets included the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study (5,342 White, 243 African-American, 190 Asian, and 126 Hispanic), MrOS Hong Kong (1,968 Hong Kong Chinese), Tobago Bone Health Study (641 Afro-Caribbean), Namwon Study (1,834 Korean), and Dong-gu Study (2,057 Korean). The two Korean cohorts were combined. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported non-traumatic fracture was US white, 17.1 %; Afro-Caribbean, 5.5 %; US African-American, 15.1 %; US Hispanic, 13.7 %; US Asian, 10.5 %; Hong Kong Chinese, 5.6 %, and Korean, 5.1 %. The mean differences in hip and lumbar spine BMD between subjects with fracture and without fracture were statistically significant in all cohorts except US African American and US Asian men. There was a significant race/ethnic interaction for lumbar spine BMD by fracture status (p for interaction = 0.02), which was driven by the small number of Hispanic men. There was no interaction for femoral neck or total hip BMD. There were no significant race/ethnic differences in the odds ratio of fracture by BMD. CONCLUSIONS Low BMD was associated with a higher prevalence of fracture in all cohorts and the magnitude of the BMD differences by fracture status was similar across groups suggesting homogeneity in the BMD-fracture relationship among older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yahtyng Sheu
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan L. Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Kwok
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corresponding author: Jane A. Cauley, DrPH, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree Hall A510, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,
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Kuipers AL, Zmuda JM, Carr JJ, Terry JG, Patrick AL, Ge Y, Hightower RC, Bunker CH, Miljkovic I. Association of volumetric bone mineral density with abdominal aortic calcification in African ancestry men. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:1063-9. [PMID: 23974859 PMCID: PMC3945719 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY We tested for association between cortical and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) prevalence in 278 Afro-Caribbean men. AAC was present in 68.3 % of the men. Greater cortical, but not trabecular, vBMD was associated with significantly decreased odds of AAC independent of traditional risk factors. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and correlates of AAC in a sample of 278 Afro-Caribbean men (mean age 56) and to test for a largely unexplored association between cortical and trabecular vBMD with AAC prevalence. METHODS Men were recruited consecutively as part of an ongoing prospective cohort study of body composition in men aged 40+. For this analysis, AAC was assessed by computed tomography of the abdomen from L3 to S1. Aortic calcium was scored using the Agatston method, and prevalence was defined as a score ≥10 to rule out false positives. Men also had BMD assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography at 4 % (trabecular vBMD) and 33 % (cortical vBMD) of the radius and tibia. RESULTS Abdominal aortic calcification was present in 68.3 % of the men. Significant independent predictors of AAC prevalence were increased age, increased BMI, hypertension, and current smoking. Age was the strongest predictor, with each SD (7.8 year) increase in age conferring 2.7 times increased odds of having AAC (P < 0.0001). A one SD greater cortical, but not trabecular, vBMD was associated with a significant decreased odds of AAC prevalence independent of other traditional risk factors (OR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.45-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Cortical vBMD is inversely associated with AAC presence. This finding suggests that there may be shared physiology between cortical bone compartment remodeling and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto St, A521 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA,
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20
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Kuipers AL, Zhang Y, Yu S, Kammerer CM, Nestlerode CS, Chu Y, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Miljkovic I, Zmuda JM. Relative influence of heritability, environment and genetics on serum sclerostin. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:905-12. [PMID: 24136102 PMCID: PMC3948173 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY We determined factors associated with serum sclerostin in 446 Afro-Caribbean family members. Age, weight, sex, diabetes and kidney function were associated with sclerostin. Sclerostin was heritable, and nine SNPs in the SOST gene region were associated with sclerostin. Variation in serum sclerostin is a heritable factor that is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. INTRODUCTION Sclerostin, encoded by the SOST gene, is a Wnt inhibitor that regulates bone mineralization and is a candidate gene locus for osteoporosis. However, little is known about the genetic and non-genetic sources of inter-individual variation in serum sclerostin levels. METHODS Serum sclerostin was measured in 446 Afro-Caribbean men and women aged 18+ from seven large, multigenerational families (mean family size, 64; 3,840 relative pairs). Thirty-six common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped within a 100 kb region encompassing the gene encoding sclerostin (SOST). Genetic and non-genetic factors were tested for association with serum sclerostin. RESULTS Mean serum sclerostin was 41.3 pmol/l and was greater in men than in women (P < 0.05). Factors associated with higher serum sclerostin were increased age and body weight, male sex, diabetes and decreased glomerular filtration rate, which collectively accounted for 25.4 % of its variation. Residual genetic heritability of serum sclerostin was 0.393 (P < 0.0001). Nine SNPs reached nominal significance with sclerostin. Three of those nine SNPs represented independent association signals (rs851056, rs41455049 and rs9909172), which accounted for 7.8 % of the phenotypic variation in sclerostin, although none of these SNPs surpassed a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Serum sclerostin is a heritable trait that is also determined by environmental factors including age, sex, adiposity, diabetes and kidney function. Three independent common SNPs within the SOST region may collectively account for a significant proportion of the variation in serum sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
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21
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Sheu Y, Cauley JA, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Bunker CH, Zmuda JM. Risk factors for fracture in middle-age and older-age men of African descent. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:234-41. [PMID: 23775783 PMCID: PMC3830695 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although fracture rates are lower in individuals of African descent compared to individuals of European ancestry, morbidity and mortality following a fracture may be greater in individuals of African ancestry. However, fracture risk and associated clinical risk factors have not been well-defined among African ancestry populations, especially among men of African ancestry. We used data collected from the Tobago Bone Health Study to examine potential clinical risk factors for incident fractures, including demographic information, anthropometric measurements, medical history, lifestyle factors, bone mineral density (BMD), and hip structural geometry. Among 1933 Afro-Caribbean men aged ≥40 years at study entry (mean age: 57.2 ± 11.0 years), 65 reported at least one new fracture during 10 years of subsequent follow-up. Younger age, mixed Afro-Caribbean ancestry, prior fracture history, BMD, and hip structural geometry were statistically significant risk factors for incident fractures. A 1-SD change in several skeletal parameters (hip BMD, cross-sectional area, outer diameter, cortical thickness, and buckling ratio) were each associated with a 35% to 56% increase in incident fracture risk after adjusting for age. Men with a prior fracture history were three times more likely to experience a new fracture during follow-up, and the association remained strong after adjusting for age, mixed Afro-Caribbean ancestry, and skeletal parameters (hazard ratios ranged from 2.72 to 2.82). Our findings suggest that except for age, risk factors for fracture in men of African ancestry are similar to established risk factors in white populations. Prior fracture history is a powerful and independent risk factor for incident fractures among men of African ancestry and could easily be incorporated into clinical risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahtyng Sheu
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Miljkovic I, Kuipers AL, Kuller LH, Sheu Y, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Evans RW, Zmuda JM. Skeletal muscle adiposity is associated with serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in Afro-Caribbean men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1900-7. [PMID: 23671057 PMCID: PMC3748155 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When compared with other ethnic groups, African ancestry individuals have lower triglycerides and higher High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, although the mechanisms for these differences remain unclear. A comprehensive array of factors potentially related to fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in African ancestry men was evaluated. DESIGN AND METHODS Men (1,821) underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of total body fat and quantitative computed tomography assessments of calf skeletal muscle adiposity [subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissue (AT), and muscle density as a measure of intra-muscular AT]. RESULTS Multivariable linear regression analysis identified age (-), total body fat (+), subcutaneous AT (-), fasting glucose (+), fasting insulin (+), diastolic blood pressure (+), and non-African ancestry (+) as independent correlates of triglycerides (all P < 0.05). Total body fat (+), intra-muscular AT (-), and diastolic blood pressure (+) were independent correlates of Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (all P < 0.001). Age (+), waist circumference (-), fasting insulin (-), physical activity (+), and alcohol intake (+) were independent correlates of HDL-C (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A novel relationship between skeletal muscle adiposity and serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in African ancestry men, independent of total and central adiposity was illuminated. In African ancestry populations, genetic factors are likely a significant determinant of triglycerides levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kuipers AL, Miljkovic I, Kammerer CM, Evans RW, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Zmuda JM. Evidence for a genetic link between bone and vascular measures in African ancestry families. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1804-10. [PMID: 23505032 PMCID: PMC3720825 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) has been inversely associated with subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in population studies, but the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. To test if there is a genetic basis underlying this association, we determined the phenotypic and genetic correlations between BMD and carotid artery ultrasound measures in families. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography were used to measure BMD in 461 individuals with African ancestry belonging to seven large, multigenerational families (mean family size 66; 3414 total relative pairs). Carotid artery ultrasound was used to measure adventitial diameter (AD) and intima-media thickness (IMT). Phenotypic and genetic correlations between BMD and carotid measures were determined using pedigree-based maximum likelihood methods. We adjusted for potential confounding factors, including age, sex, body weight, height, menopausal status, smoking, alcohol intake, walking for exercise, diabetes, hypertension, serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, inflammation markers, and kidney function. We found statistically significant phenotypic (ρ = -0.19) and genetic (ρG = -0.70) correlations (p < 0.05 for both) between lumbar spine BMD and AD in fully adjusted models. There was also a significant genetic correlation between trabecular BMD at the radius and IMT in fully adjusted models (ρG = -0.398; p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the previously observed association between osteoporosis and CVD in population-based studies may be partly mediated by genetic factors and that the pleiotropic effects of these genes may operate independently of traditional risk pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Nam HS, Kweon SS, Choi JS, Zmuda JM, Leung PC, Lui LY, Hill DD, Patrick AL, Cauley JA. Racial/ethnic differences in bone mineral density among older women. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:190-8. [PMID: 23143509 PMCID: PMC4109723 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-012-0402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiologic information regarding international differences in bone mineral density (BMD) in women is currently insufficient. We compared BMD in older women across five racial/ethnic groups in four countries. The femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine BMD were measured in women (aged 65-74 years) from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) (5,035 Caucasian women and 256 African American women in the US), the Tobago Women's Health Study (116 Afro-Caribbean women), the Ms Os Hong Kong Study (794 Hong Kong Chinese women) and the Namwon Study (1,377 South Korean women). BMD was corrected according to the cross-site calibration results for all scanners. When compared with US Caucasian women, the age adjusted mean BMD measurements at the hip sites were 21-31 % higher among Tobago Afro-Caribbean women and 13-23 % higher among African American women. The total hip and spine BMD values were 4-5 % lower among Hong Kong Chinese women and 4-7 % lower among South Korean women compared to US Caucasians. The femoral neck BMD was similar in Hong Kong Chinese women, but higher among South Korean women compared to US Caucasians. Current/past estrogen use was a significant contributing factor to the difference in BMD between US versus non-US women. Differences in body weight partially explained the difference in BMD between Asian versus non-Asian women. These findings show substantial racial/ethnic differences in BMD even within African or Asian origin individuals, and highlight the contributing role of body weight and estrogen use to the geographic and racial/ethnic variation in BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree Hall A524, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Su Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree Hall A524, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - P. C. Leung
- Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Yung Lui
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deanna D. Hill
- Worldwide Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Alan L. Patrick
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree Hall A524, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree Hall A524, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Rebbeck TR, Devesa SS, Chang BL, Bunker CH, Cheng I, Cooney K, Eeles R, Fernandez P, Giri VN, Gueye SM, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Heyns CF, Hu JJ, Ingles SA, Isaacs W, Jalloh M, John EM, Kibel AS, Kidd LR, Layne P, Leach RJ, Neslund-Dudas C, Okobia MN, Ostrander EA, Park JY, Patrick AL, Phelan CM, Ragin C, Roberts RA, Rybicki BA, Stanford JL, Strom S, Thompson IM, Witte J, Xu J, Yeboah E, Hsing AW, Zeigler-Johnson CM. Global patterns of prostate cancer incidence, aggressiveness, and mortality in men of african descent. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:560857. [PMID: 23476788 PMCID: PMC3583061 DOI: 10.1155/2013/560857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the leading cancer among men of African descent in the USA, Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The estimated number of CaP deaths in SSA during 2008 was more than five times that among African Americans and is expected to double in Africa by 2030. We summarize publicly available CaP data and collected data from the men of African descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP) Consortium and the African Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) to evaluate CaP incidence and mortality in men of African descent worldwide. CaP incidence and mortality are highest in men of African descent in the USA and the Caribbean. Tumor stage and grade were highest in SSA. We report a higher proportion of T1 stage prostate tumors in countries with greater percent gross domestic product spent on health care and physicians per 100,000 persons. We also observed that regions with a higher proportion of advanced tumors reported lower mortality rates. This finding suggests that CaP is underdiagnosed and/or underreported in SSA men. Nonetheless, CaP incidence and mortality represent a significant public health problem in men of African descent around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 217 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susan S. Devesa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bao-Li Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 217 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clareann H. Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen Cooney
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Pedro Fernandez
- Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Veda N. Giri
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Serigne M. Gueye
- Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chris F. Heyns
- Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- School of Medicine and Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33442, USA
| | - Sue Ann Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - William Isaacs
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mohamed Jalloh
- Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - LaCreis R. Kidd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Penelope Layne
- Guyana Cancer Registry, Ministry of Health, Queenstown, Guyana
| | - Robin J. Leach
- Department of Urology and the Cancer, Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Michael N. Okobia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | | | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Equal Health, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alan L. Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Catherine M. Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Equal Health, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Camille Ragin
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Robin A. Roberts
- School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Sara Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- Department of Urology and the Cancer, Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John Witte
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Edward Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charnita M. Zeigler-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 217 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Li H, Kuipers A, Kammerer CM, Bunker CH, Kuller LH, Miljkovic I, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Zmuda JM. The association between renal function biomarkers and subclinical cardiovascular measures in African Caribbean families. Ethn Dis 2013; 23:492-498. [PMID: 24392614 PMCID: PMC4059560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality are increased in people with subclinical CVD. The impact of ethnicity and race on subclinical CVD is substantial. Previous studies assessed the heritability of several renal function biomarkers and their relationship with subclinical CVD among populations of European ancestries, but, to our knowledge, no such data are available in African ancestry populations. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the relationships between renal function biomarkers and subclinical CVD among Afro-Caribbeans residing on the island of Tobago. DESIGN AND METHODS 402 participants, aged 18 to 103 years, from seven large, multi-generation pedigrees (average family size: 50; range: 19 to 96; -3500 relative pairs) were included in this study. Subclinical cardiovascular disease (SCVD) was assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Serum cystatin C, creatinine, and eGFR based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation were used to assess kidney function. The variance component approach, implemented in Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines (SOLAR), was used to assess heritability of these traits, and association with SCVD. RESULTS Heritability of renal function biomarkers ranged from .19-.32 (all P < .001), and was highest for cystatin C (h2 = .32, P < .0001). Serum cystatin C was independently associated with arterial stiffness (P = .04). This association was not found with other renal function biomarkers. No significant association between renal function and IMT was found. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that cystatin C is significantly heritable and associated with arterial stiffness among Afro-Caribbeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Allison Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Candace M Kammerer
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Clareanne H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alan L Patrick
- The Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Victor W Wheeler
- The Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Ragin C, Davis-Reyes B, Tadesse H, Daniels D, Bunker CH, Jackson M, Ferguson TS, Patrick AL, Tulloch-Reid MK, Taioli E. Farming, reported pesticide use, and prostate cancer. Am J Mens Health 2012; 7:102-9. [PMID: 22948300 DOI: 10.1177/1557988312458792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the leading cancer type diagnosed in American men and is the second leading cancer diagnosed in men worldwide. Although studies have been conducted to investigate the association between prostate cancer and exposure to pesticides and/or farming, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the association of farming and prostate cancer. The PubMed database was searched to identify all published case-control studies that evaluated farming as an occupational exposure by questionnaire or interview and prostate cancer. Ten published and two unpublished studies were included in this analysis, yielding 3,978 cases and 7,393 controls. Prostate cancer cases were almost four times more likely to be farmers compared with controls with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; meta odds ratio [OR], crude = 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96-7.48, Q-test p value = .352; two studies); similar results were obtained when non-BPH controls were considered, but with moderate heterogeneity between studies (meta OR crude = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.16-1.64, Q-test p value = .216, I (2) = 31% [95% CI = 0-73]; five studies). Reported pesticide exposure was inversely associated with prostate cancer (meta OR crude = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49-0.96, Q-test p value = .331; four studies), whereas no association with exposure to fertilizers was observed. Our findings confirm that farming is a risk factor for prostate cancer, but this increased risk may not be due to exposure to pesticides.
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Forrest KYZ, Bunker CH, Sheu Y, Wheeler VW, Patrick AL, Zmuda JM. Patterns and correlates of grip strength change with age in Afro-Caribbean men. Age Ageing 2012; 41:326-32. [PMID: 22465797 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afs030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND muscle strength is essential for physical functions and an indicator of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Among the factors associated with muscle strength loss with age, ethnicity has been shown to play an important role. OBJECTIVE to examine the patterns and correlates of muscle strength change with age in a population-based cohort of middle-aged and older Afro-Caribbean men. METHODS handgrip strength and body composition were measured in 1,710 Afro-Caribbean men. Data were also collected for demographic variables, medical history and lifestyle behaviours. RESULTS the age range of the study population was 29-89 years. Grip strength increased below age 50 years, and decreased after age 50 years over 4.5-year follow-up. The average loss in grip strength was 2.2% (0.49% per year) for ages 50 years or older and 3.8% (0.64% per year) for ages 65 years or older. The significant independent predictors of grip strength loss included older age, a greater body mass index, lower initial arm lean mass and greater loss of arm lean mass. CONCLUSION Afro-Caribbean men experience a significant decline in muscle strength with advanced age. The major independent factors associated with strength loss were similar to other ethnic groups, including age, body weight and lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Y Z Forrest
- Department of Public Health and Social Work, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, PA 16057, USA.
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Kuipers AL, Gundberg C, Kammerer CM, Dressen AS, Nestlerode CS, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Bunker CH, Newman AB, Zmuda JM. Genetic analysis of serum osteocalcin and bone mineral in multigenerational Afro-Caribbean families. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1521-31. [PMID: 21935688 PMCID: PMC3768139 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteocalcin is a major component of bone matrix. Concentrations of total, carboxylated, and uncarboxylated osteocalcin, are highly heritable and genetically correlated with bone mineral content (BMC) within African ancestry families. INTRODUCTION Osteocalcin (OC) is a protein constituent of bone matrix and a marker of bone formation. We characterized the heritability of serum OC measures and identified genomic regions potentially involved in the regulation of OC via high-density genome-wide linkage analysis in African ancestry individuals. METHODS African ancestry individuals (n = 459) were recruited, without regard to health status, from seven probands (mean family size = 66; 4,373 relative pairs). Residual heritability of serum OC measures was estimated and multipoint quantitative trait linkage analysis was performed using pedigree-based maximum likelihood methods. RESULTS Residual heritabilities of total OC, uncarboxylated OC, carboxylated OC and percent uncarboxylated OC were 0.74 ± 0.10, 0.89 ± 0.08, 0.46 ± 0.10 and 0.41 ± 0.09, respectively. All OC measures were genetically correlated with whole body BMC. We obtained strong evidence of bivariate linkage for percent uncarboxylated OC and whole body BMC on chromosome 17 (logarithm of the odds [LOD] = 3.15, 99 cM). CONCLUSIONS All forms of OC were highly heritable and genetically correlated with total body BMC in these African ancestry families. The identified linkage region contains several candidate genes for bone and energy metabolism including COL1A1 and TNFRSF11A. Further studies of this genomic region may reveal novel insight into the genetic regulation of OC and bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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McDonald AC, Jenkins FJ, Bunker CH, Wilson JW, Patrick AL, Weissfeld JL. A case-cohort study of human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity and incident prostate cancer in Tobago. Infect Agent Cancer 2011; 6:25. [PMID: 22151996 PMCID: PMC3248833 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-6-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported a cross-sectional association between the presence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) serum antibodies and screen-detected prostate cancer in men living in Tobago. In the same study population, we examined the association between HHV-8 seropositivity and incident prostate cancer discovered at later screenings. Methods In 40-81 year-old men without prostate cancer discovered at initial digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, a case-cohort design measured the association between baseline HHV-8 seropositivity (modified immunofluorescence assay for antibodies against HHV-8 lytic antigens) and incident prostate cancer detected at DRE and PSA screenings three or five years later. Results Analyses included 486 unique individuals, 96 incident prostate cancer cases, and 415 randomly selected subjects representing an at-risk cohort. By design, the random sub-cohort contained 25 incident prostate cancer cases. In the sub-cohort, the frequency of HHV-8 seropositivity increased across age groupings (40-49 years: 3.5%, 50-59 years: 13.6%, and ≥ 60 years: 22.9%). HHV-8 seropositivity was higher in men with elevated (≥ 4.0 ng/mL) than men with non-elevated PSA at initial screening (30.4% vs. 9.9% seropositive; crude odds ratio (OR) 3.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53-10.2; age-adjusted OR 2.42, 95% CI 0.91-6.47). HHV-8 seropositivity did not increase incident prostate cancer risk (age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% CI 0.46-1.69). Conclusions Case-cohort analysis did not identify association between HHV-8 seropositivity and incident prostate cancer. However, analyses uncovered possible association between HHV-8 and PSA (a marker of prostate inflammation). Co-occurrence of HHV-8 seropositivity and PSA elevation may explain cross-sectional association between HHV-8 and PSA screen-detected prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, A542 Crabtree Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.
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Barbour KE, Zmuda JM, Horwitz MJ, Strotmeyer ES, Boudreau R, Evans RW, Ensrud KE, Gordon CL, Petit MA, Patrick AL, Cauley JA. The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with indicators of bone quality in men of Caucasian and African ancestry. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2475-85. [PMID: 21104232 PMCID: PMC3539808 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We examined the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with indices of bone quality in older men. Positive associations for 25(OH)D and bone mineral density, content, cortical thickness, and axial and polar strength strain indices were observed among Caucasians; however, among men of African descent findings were either null or negative. INTRODUCTION There are limited data on serum 25(OH)D and bone measures in men of African ancestry. To better understand racial differences in vitamin D status and bone health, a cross-sectional study among 446 Caucasian men in the US and 496 men of African ancestry in Tobago (age ≥ 65 years) was conducted. METHODS Serum 25(OH)D (liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry) was measured, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans were administered. Bone measures estimated included trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone geometry (cross-sectional area and cortical thickness), and polar and axial strength strain indices (SSIp and SSIx). RESULTS Men of African ancestry had higher 25(OH)D than Caucasians (34.7 vs. 27.6 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Among Caucasians, 25(OH)D was positively (p trend < 0.05) associated with cortical vBMD, total BMC, cortical thickness, SSIp, and SSIx at the distal radius after adjustment for potential confounders. Similar patterns were observed at the distal tibia. In contrast, in men of African ancestry, there was an inverse association (p trend < 0.05) between 25(OH)D and the cross-sectional area, and SSIx. Race modified (p for interaction < 0.05) the association between 25(OH)D and total BMC, cross-sectional area, SSIp, SSIx, and trabecular vBMD of the radius. In men of African ancestry, there was evidence of a threshold effect (at approximately 18 ng/ml) for 25(OH)D on tibial total BMC and cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS More studies are needed to better comprehend these race differences for 25(OH)D and bone density, geometry, and indices of bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil E. Barbour
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mara J Horwitz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elsa S. Strotmeyer
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rhobert W. Evans
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristine E. Ensrud
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Rheumatology (111 R), One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, 55417 MN, USA
| | | | - Moira A. Petit
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alan L. Patrick
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Miljkovic I, Cauley JA, Dressen AS, Gordon CL, Goodpaster BH, Kuller LH, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Orwoll ES, Zmuda JM. Bioactive androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites are associated with subcutaneous and ectopic skeletal muscle adiposity among older black men. Metabolism 2011; 60:1178-85. [PMID: 21353258 PMCID: PMC3106138 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with declining serum levels of androgenic hormones and with increased skeletal muscle fat infiltration, an emerging risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Androgens regulate fat mass and glucose homeostasis, but the effect of androgenic hormones on skeletal muscle fat infiltration is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the association of serum androgens and their precursors and metabolites with skeletal muscle fat infiltration and T2DM in a black male population group at high risk of T2DM. Serum androgens, estrogens, and androgen precursors and metabolites were measured using mass spectrometry; and calf skeletal muscle fat distribution (subcutaneous and intermuscular fat; skeletal muscle density) was measured using quantitative computed tomography in 472 Afro-Caribbean men 65 years and older. Bioactive androgens, testosterone, free testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone were associated with less skeletal muscle fat infiltration (r = -0.14 to -0.18, P < .05) and increased skeletal muscle density (r = 0.10 to 0.14, P < .05), independent of total adiposity. In addition, glucuronidated androgen metabolites were associated with less subcutaneous fat (r = -0.11 to -0.15, P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified an increased level of 3α-diol-3 glucuronide (odds ratio = 1.38, P < .01) and a decreased level of dihydrotestosterone (odds ratio = 0.66, P < .01) to be significantly associated with T2DM. Our findings suggest that, in elderly black men, independent of total adiposity, bioactive androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites may play previously unrecognized role in skeletal muscle fat distribution. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship between androgens and androgen metabolites with changes in skeletal muscle fat distribution with aging and the incidence of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Okobia MN, Zmuda JM, Ferrell RE, Patrick AL, Bunker CH. Chromosome 8q24 variants are associated with prostate cancer risk in a high risk population of African ancestry. Prostate 2011; 71:1054-63. [PMID: 21557270 PMCID: PMC4422491 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier studies on the role of germline variations in the disproportionate higher burden of prostate cancer in men of African ancestry have been largely unrewarding. However, the successful replication of recent genome-wide association findings implicating some regions of chromosome 8q24 in the disparate prostate cancer susceptibility in men of European and African ancestry have been encouraging. This case-control study was designed to evaluate the association between germline variations in chromosome 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in Afro-Caribbean Tobago men, a population of predominantly West African ancestry. METHODS High molecular weight genomic DNA was isolated from blood clots using Qiagen kits. Genotyping was performed on genomic DNA using a pre-designed TaqMan SNP assay according to the manufacture's protocol on a 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). RESULTS SNP rs16901979 in region 2 was associated with significantly increased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.95, P = 0.04) with the risk stronger in men with early-onset prostate cancer (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.40-3.99, P = 0.001). There was a tendency towards significantly increased risk for SNPs rs1447295 and rs6983267 in men with early-onset prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS The replication of the association of chromosome 8q24 variants with increased prostate cancer risk in Tobago men and the higher frequency of the risk alleles in controls in populations of African ancestry further strengthens the possible role of this genomic region in the disproportionate higher burden of prostate cancer in men of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Okobia
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Universityof Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert E. Ferrell
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan L. Patrick
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Clareann H. Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Universityof Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Taioli E, Flores-Obando RE, Agalliu I, Blanchet P, Bunker CH, Ferrell RE, Jackson M, Kidd LCR, Kolb S, Lavender NA, McFarlane-Anderson N, Morrison SS, Multigner L, Ostrande EA, Park JY, Patrick AL, Rebbeck TR, Romana M, Stanford JL, Ukoli F, Vancleave TT, Zeigler-Johnson CM, Mutetwa B, Ragin C. Multi-institutional prostate cancer study of genetic susceptibility in populations of African descent. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1361-5. [PMID: 21705483 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer disparities have been reported in men of African descent who show the highest incidence, mortality, compared with other ethnic groups. Few studies have explored the genetic and environmental factors for prostate cancer in men of African ancestry. The glutathione-S-transferases family conjugates carcinogens before their excretion and is expressed in prostate tissue. This study addressed the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions on prostate cancer risk in populations of African descent. This multi-institutional case-control study gathered data from the Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC) database, the African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) and Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate Consortium (MADCaP). The analysis included 10 studies (1715 cases and 2363 controls), five in African-Americans, three in African-Caribbean and two in African men. Both the GSTM1 and the GSTT1 deletions showed significant inverse associations with prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR): 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.97 and OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96, respectively]. The association was restricted to Caribbean and African populations. A significant positive association was observed between GSTM1 deletion and prostate cancer in smokers in African-American studies (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.56), whereas a reduced risk was observed in never-smokers (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46-0.95). The risk of prostate cancer increased across quartiles of pack-years among subjects carrying the deletion of GSTM1 but not among subjects carrying a functional GSTM1. Gene-environment interaction between smoking and GSTM1 may be involved in the etiology of prostate cancer in populations of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Taioli
- Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Beason TS, Bunker CH, Zmuda JM, Wilson JW, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Weissfeld JL. ADRB2 gene variants, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition, and hypertension in Tobago men of African descent. Metabolism 2011; 60:698-705. [PMID: 20727557 PMCID: PMC2992095 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Classic tissue effects of β(2)-adrenergic receptor activation include skeletal muscle glycogenolysis and vascular smooth muscle relaxation, factors relevant to obesity and hypertension, respectively. In a population-based study, we examined 2 common amino acid substitutions in the β(2)-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) in relation to body composition and blood pressure. A cross-sectional analysis of 1893 African-descent men living in Tobago and participating in a prostate cancer screening study was performed. Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition, and ADRB2 (Arg16Gly; Gln27Glu) genotype were determined. Twenty-six percent were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)), and 50% were hypertensive. ADRB2 Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu alleles were in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.96, r(2) = 0.15). ADRB2 16Gly-containing and 27Glu-containing genotypes were equally frequent in low, medium, and high tertiles of percentage of body fat mass (16Gly-containing genotypes: 73.4%, 74.4%, and 74.5%, P(trend) = .66; 27Glu-containing genotypes: 27.6%, 23.8%, and 25.4%, P(trend) = .39) and in normal blood pressure, prehypertensive, and hypertensive men (16Gly-containing genotypes: 73.4%, 72.8%, and 74.4%, P(trend) = .61; 27Glu-containing genotypes: 25.6%, 24.1%, and 26.7%, P(trend) = .50). In a high-obesity and high-hypertension risk population with ancestry in common with African Americans, genetic variation defined by 2 common ADRB2 amino acid substitutions was not associated with body composition or hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Samantha Beason
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Miljkovic I, Kuipers AL, Kammerer CM, Wang X, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Kuller LH, Evans RW, Zmuda JM. Markers of inflammation are heritable and associated with subcutaneous and ectopic skeletal muscle adiposity in African ancestry families. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2011; 9:319-26. [PMID: 21501070 DOI: 10.1089/met.2010.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Background: Skeletal muscle adipose tissue (AT) infiltration, or myosteatosis, appears to be greater in African compared with European ancestry individuals and may play a role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease that disproportionally affects African ancestry populations. Inflammation is one mechanism that may link myosteatosis with increased T2DM risk, but studies examining the relationship between inflammation and myosteatosis are lacking. METHODS To examine these associations, we measured skeletal muscle subcutaneous AT, intermuscular AT, and skeletal muscle density using quantitative computed tomography and serum markers of inflammation in 471 individuals from 8 Afro-Caribbean multigenerational families [mean family size 67; mean age 43 years; mean body mass index (BMI) 28 kg/m(2)]. RESULTS After removing the variation attributable to significant covariates, heritabilities of inflammation markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] ranged from 33% (TNFα) to 40% (CRP); all P<0.01. Higher CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were associated with lower subcutaneous AT around skeletal muscle (r=-0.13 to -0.19, P<0.05). Higher CRP was additionally associated with lower skeletal muscle density, indicative of greater intramuscular AT (r=-0.10, P<0.05), hyperinsulinemia (r=0.12, P<0.05), and increased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r=0.17, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that heredity may play a significant role in the determination of several markers of inflammation in African ancestry individuals. Higher concentrations of CRP appear to be associated with greater skeletal muscle AT infiltration, lower subcutaneous AT, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship between inflammation with changes in skeletal muscle AT distribution with aging and the incidence of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Miljkovic I, Bodnar LM, Cauley JA, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Kuller LH, Zmuda JM. Low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in elderly Afro-Caribbean men. Ethn Dis 2011; 21:79-84. [PMID: 21462735 PMCID: PMC3095488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide, and is linked to several major chronic, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has not been evaluated in dark skinned individuals living in areas of high sun exposure utilizing more reliable mass spectrometry assay techniques. We determined the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency in Afro-Caribbean men on the tropical island of Tobago, where there is a high level of sunshine year round. Serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 metabolites were measured following extraction and purification using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry in 424 Afro-Caribbean men aged > 65 years from a larger population-based cohort study. The mean (+/- SD) serum total 25(OH)D concentration was 35.1 +/- 8.9 ng/mL. Deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was present in only 2.8% and insufficiency (< 30 ng/mL) in 24% of the men. Multiple linear regression analysis identified age, BMI and daily vitamin D supplementation as the independent correlates of 25(OH)D. None of the men who consumed fish more than once per week had vitamin D deficiency, compared to 4% of the men who consumed fish once per week or less (P = .01, adjusted for age, BMI, and daily vitamin D supplementation). In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is very uncommon in this Afro-Caribbean population. Longitudinal studies are needed to delineate the possible effects of high vitamin D levels in this population on major diseases hypothesized to be associated with vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Yerges-Armstrong LM, Miljkovic I, Cauley JA, Sheu Y, Gordon CL, Wheeler VW, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Zmuda JM. Adipose tissue and volumetric bone mineral density of older Afro-Caribbean men. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:2221-8. [PMID: 20499353 PMCID: PMC3119489 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although low body weight is a risk factor for osteoporosis-related fractures, conflicting data exist for the association between adiposity and bone mineral density (BMD). Studies examining these relationships have measured body fat and BMD with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which cannot distinguish subcutaneous adipose tissue area (SAT) from total adiposity or trabecular from cortical bone. To investigate the relationship between adiposity and BMD further, we analyzed body composition and adipose tissue distribution by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in 1829 Afro-Caribbean men aged 40 years and older from a population-based sample. Cortical volumetric BMD, muscle cross-sectional area, total adipose tissue area (TAT), and percentage SAT were measured at the proximal tibia. Trabecular volumetric BMD was measured at the distal tibia. We used analysis of covariance to test for associations between quartile of the adipose tissue measures and BMD, adjusting for anthropometric, health, and lifestyle factors. Higher TAT was associated with lower cortical BMD in both unadjusted and adjusted models (p < .001). Men with a higher percentage SAT had greater cortical BMD (p < .001). Similar associations were seen between percent SAT and trabecular BMD at the distal tibia. These results indicate that total adiposity is a potentially important correlate of bone mass in older men and that different fat depots may have opposing associations with bone mass. Additional research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between body fat distribution and bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Orwoll ES, Nielson CM, Labrie F, Barrett-Connor E, Cauley JA, Cummings SR, Ensrud K, Karlsson M, Lau E, Leung PC, Lunggren O, Mellström D, Patrick AL, Stefanick ML, Nakamura K, Yoshimura N, Zmuda J, Vandenput L, Ohlsson C. Evidence for geographical and racial variation in serum sex steroid levels in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:E151-60. [PMID: 20668046 PMCID: PMC3050097 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable racial and geographical differences in human phenotypes and in the incidence of diseases that may be associated with sex steroid action, there are few data concerning variation in sex steroid levels among populations. We designed an international study to determine the degree to which geography and race influence sex steroid levels in older men. METHODS Using mass spectrometry, concentrations of serum androgens, estrogens, and sex steroid precursors/metabolites were measured in 5003 older men from five countries. SHBG levels were assessed using radioimmunoassay. RESULTS There was substantial geographical variation in the levels of sex steroids, precursors, and metabolites, as well as SHBG. For instance, Asian men in Hong Kong and Japan, but not in the United States, had levels of total testosterone approximately 20% higher than in other groups. Even greater variation was present in levels of estradiol, SHBG, and dihydrotestosterone. Group differences in body mass index did not explain most geographical differences. In addition, body mass index-independent racial differences were present; Black men had higher levels of estrogens (estradiol, estrone), and Asian men had lower levels of glucuronidated androgen metabolites. CONCLUSIONS On a global scale, there are important geographical and racial differences in the concentrations of serum sex steroids and SHBG in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Orwoll
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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Henning JD, Bunker CH, Shea P, Ferrell RE, Patrick AL, Jenkins FJ. Abstract 5726: Association between human herpesvirus 8 infection, inflammation and a polymorphism in the IL-6 signaling receptor in increased prostate cancer risk among men of African descent. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is more prevalent among African Americans than Caucasians and this increased risk among men of African descent is not limited to the United States, suggesting a role for genetic or shared lifestyle factors. In our previous population-based study on the Caribbean island of Tobago, the prevalence of screening-detected prostate cancer was 3-fold higher compared to similarly screened US Caucasian men. The island of Tobago is 95% of African descent and represents a homogeneous population for studying genetic factors associated with disease. Inflammation has also been suggested as a co-factor for increased prostate cancer risk, and studies have demonstrated positive correlations with prostatitis and sexually transmitted diseases. We have previously reported an increased seroprevalence to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) among Tobago men with prostate cancer (n=138) compared to Tobago age-matched controls (n=140; OR 2.24, 95% C.I. 1.29-3.90). In the current study we have expanded our earlier findings demonstrating an association between HHV-8 infection, inflammation and a polymorphism in the IL-6 signaling receptor gp130 in prostate cancer risk among men of African descent.
Methods: Biopsies (n=19) and prostectomies (n=20) of Tobago men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of the HHV-8 proteins LANA-1, K8.1 or vIL-6 and the presence of B cells and macrophages. SNP analysis for the G148R polymorphism was performed on Tobago (n=1,217) and U.S. (n=149) men. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were constructed from Tobago men representing the three possible genotypes of the gp130 polymorphism (G148R; G/G, G/R and R/R). Growth curve analyses were performed on the LCLs grown in the absence or presence of 25ng/ml IL-6.
Results: HHV-8 proteins were expressed in 75% of the prostate biopsies and 100% of the prostectomies of seropositive men. Viral protein expression was more prevalent in sections containing cancer compared to cancer free sections (p=0.001). Seropositive men who were homozygous for the R/R gp130 allele were significantly more likely to have prostate cancer than seronegative men who were homozygous for the G/G allele (n=400; OR 3.1, 95% C.I. 1.18-8.11). Increased inflammation (macrophage infiltration) in non-cancerous sections was associated with gp130 status (p=0.023). LCLs homozygous for the high risk gp130 allele demonstrated a 250% increase in growth compared to the homozygous low risk.
Summary: Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that HHV-8 establishes a chronic infection producing chronic inflammation which, in association with a polymorphism in the IL-6 signaling receptor, results in increased prostate cancer risk among men of African descent in Tobago.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5726.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alan L. Patrick
- 2Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Trinidad and Tobago
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Zhang Y, Kuipers AL, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Nestlerode CS, Jin Z, Wheeler VW, Patrick AL, Bunker CH, Zmuda JM. Functional and association analysis of frizzled 1 (FZD1) promoter haplotypes with femoral neck geometry. Bone 2010; 46:1131-7. [PMID: 20051274 PMCID: PMC2842476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Frizzleds are receptors for Wnt signaling and are involved in skeletal morphogenesis. Little is known about the transcriptional regulation of frizzleds in bone cells. In the current study, we determined if two common and potentially functional genetic variants (rs2232157, rs2232158) in the frizzled-1 (FZD1) promoter region and their haplotypes influence FZD1 promoter activity in human osteoblast-like cells. We also determined if these variants are associated with femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and geometry in 1319 African ancestry men aged > or =40 years. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated FZD1 mRNA and protein expression in the human osteoblast-like cell lines, MG63 and SaOS-2. Promoter activity was next assessed by transient expression of haplotype specific FZD1 promoter reporter plasmids in these cells. In comparison to the common GG haplotype, promoter activity was 3-fold higher for the TC haplotype in both cell lines (p<0.05). We previously demonstrated that rs2232158 is associated with differential FZD1 promoter activity and Egr1 binding and thus focused further functional analyses on the rs2232157 G-to-T polymorphism. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that distinct nuclear protein complexes were associated with rs2232157 in an allele specific manner. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the G to T transversion creates an E2F1 binding site, further supporting the functional significance of rs2232157 in FZD1 promoter regulation. Individual SNPs and haplotypes were not associated with femoral neck BMD. The TC haplotype was associated with larger subperiosteal width and greater CSMI (p<0.05). These results suggest that FZD1 expression is regulated in a haplotype-dependent manner in osteoblasts and that these same haplotypes may be associated with biomechanical indices of bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Dorothy P. & Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | - Zhao Jin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Miljkovic I, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Kuller LH, Kuipers AL, Wang X, Kammerer CM, Nestlerode CS, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Evans RW, Zmuda JM. Association analysis of 33 lipoprotein candidate genes in multi-generational families of African ancestry. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:1823-31. [PMID: 20308432 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m003897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
African ancestry individuals have a more favorable lipoprotein profile than Caucasians, although the mechanisms for these differences remain unclear. We measured fasting serum lipoproteins and genotyped 768 tagging or potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 33 candidate gene regions in 401 Afro-Caribbeans older than 18 years belonging to 7 multi-generational pedigrees (mean family size 51, range 21-113, 3,426 relative pairs). All lipoproteins were significantly heritable (P<0.05). Gender-specific analysis showed that heritability for triglycerides was much higher (P<0.01) in women than in men (women, 0.62+/-0.18, P<0.01; men, 0.13+/-0.17, P>0.10), but the heritability for LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) was higher (P<0.05) in men than in women (men, 0.79+/-0.21, P<0.01; women, 0.39+/-0.12, P<0.01). The top 14 SNPs that passed the false discovery rate threshold in the families were then tested for replication in an independent population-based sample of 1,750 Afro-Caribbean men aged 40+ years. Our results revealed significant associations for three SNPs in two genes (rs5929 and rs6511720 in LDLR and rs7517090 in PCSK9) and LDL-C in both the family study and in the replication study. Our findings suggest that LDLR and PCSK9 variants may contribute to a variation in LDL-C among African ancestry individuals. Future sequencing and functional studies of these loci may advance our understanding of genetic factors contributing to LDL-C in African ancestry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Goodrich LJ, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Miljkovic I, Nestlerode CS, Kuipers AL, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Zmuda JM. Molecular variation in neuropeptide Y and bone mineral density among men of African ancestry. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85:507-13. [PMID: 19865784 PMCID: PMC4905686 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a physiological candidate gene for the regulation of body weight and has more recently been implicated in regulating bone mass. The current study sought to test if inherited variation in NPY might influence BMD in a population of African-ancestry men who have high bone mineral density (BMD). We genotyped 17 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the NPY gene region in 1,113 randomly selected men of African ancestry aged >or=40 years and tested for association with anthropometric characteristics and proximal femur BMD. The homozygous rare genotype of four SNPs was associated with a 0.92-1.59% decrease in stature (corrected P < 0.05). No SNP was associated with body mass index or body weight. Two SNPs in a 5-kb linkage disequilibrium block encompassing exons 3 and 4 were associated with proximal femur BMD, adjusted for age, body weight, and height (corrected P < 0.05). These results suggest that genetic variation at the NPY locus may contribute to bone density, independently of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Goodrich
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cara S. Nestlerode
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Allison L. Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Clareann H. Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alan L. Patrick
- The Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Victor W. Wheeler
- The Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Kuipers A, Zhang Y, Cauley JA, Nestlerode CS, Chu Y, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Hoffman AR, Orwoll ES, Zmuda JM. Association of a high mobility group gene (HMGA2) variant with bone mineral density. Bone 2009; 45:295-300. [PMID: 19376282 PMCID: PMC2795567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.04.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group (HMG) proteins regulate chromatin architecture and gene expression. Constitutional rearrangement of an HMG family member, HMGA2, in an 8-year old boy resulted in extreme overgrowth and advanced bone development. Moreover, a recent genome-wide association study documented an association between a variant in the 3' untranslated region of HMGA2 (rs1042725) and height in otherwise healthy individuals. We attempted to extend these findings by testing if this HMGA2 polymorphism is associated with other skeletal measures in two large population cohorts of diverse race/ethnicity. Genotyping was completed in 1680 Afro-Caribbean men aged > or = 40 years and 1548 Caucasian American men aged > or = 69 years. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The minor allele frequency of rs1042725 was 32% among Afro-Caribbeans and 48% among Caucasians (p<0.0001). No association was observed with height in either study cohort. However, presence of the minor allele of this SNP was associated with decreased tibia trabecular volumetric BMD in both populations (p=0.007 Afro-Caribbean; p=0.0007 Caucasian). Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated HMGA2 mRNA and protein expression in the human fetal osteoblast cell line, hFOB. Our analyses suggest a novel association between a common genetic variant in HMGA2 and trabecular BMD in ethnically diverse older men. Additional research is needed to better understand the role of HMGA2 in the regulation of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Cara S. Nestlerode
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Yanxia Chu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Clareann H. Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Alan L. Patrick
- The Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, West Indies
| | | | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
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Miljkovic I, Cauley JA, Petit MA, Ensrud KE, Strotmeyer E, Sheu Y, Gordon CL, Goodpaster BH, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Kuller LH, Faulkner KA, Zmuda JM. Greater adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle among older men of African ancestry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:2735-42. [PMID: 19454588 PMCID: PMC2730872 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is substantial variability across ethnic groups in the predisposition to obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities. Skeletal muscle fat has been identified as an important depot that increases with aging and may contribute to the development of diabetes. OBJECTIVE We tested whether men of African ancestry have greater calf intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), compared to Caucasian men, and whether IMAT is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DESIGN We measured fasting serum glucose, body mass index, total body fat by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and calf skeletal muscle composition by quantitative computed tomography in 1105 Caucasian and 518 Afro-Caribbean men aged 65+. RESULTS Compared to Caucasian men, we found greater IMAT and lower sc adipose tissue in Afro-Caribbean men at all levels of total adiposity (P < 0.0001), including the subset of men matched on age and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry total body fat percentage (P < 0.001). In addition, IMAT was 29 and 23% greater, whereas sc adipose tissue was 6 and 8% lower among Caucasian and Afro-Caribbean men with T2D, respectively, compared to men without T2D (P < 0.01). Observed differences in intermuscular and sc fat, both ethnic and between men with and without T2D, were independent of age, height, calf skeletal muscle and total adipose tissue, and lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest that despite lower total adiposity, skeletal muscle fat infiltration is greater among African than among Caucasian ancestry men and is associated with T2D in both ethnic groups. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanisms contributing to ethnic differences in skeletal muscle adiposity and to define the metabolic and health implications of this fat depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Room 542, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Miljkovic I, Yerges LM, Li H, Gordon CL, Goodpaster BH, Kuller LH, Nestlerode CS, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Zmuda JM. Association of the CPT1B gene with skeletal muscle fat infiltration in Afro-Caribbean men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:1396-401. [PMID: 19553926 PMCID: PMC2895554 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fat is greater in African ancestry individuals compared with whites, is associated with diabetes, and is a heritable polygenic trait. However, specific genetic factors contributing to skeletal muscle fat in humans remain to be defined. Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1B (CPT1B) is a key enzyme in the regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, and as such is a reasonable biological candidate gene for skeletal muscle fat accumulation. Therefore, we examined the association of three nonsynonymous coding variants in CPT1B (G531L, I66V, and S427C; a fourth, A320G, could not be genotyped) and quantitative computed tomography measured tibia skeletal muscle composition and BMI among 1,774 Afro-Caribbean men aged > or =40, participants of the population-based Tobago Health Study. For all variants, no significant differences were observed for BMI or total adipose tissue. Among individuals who were homozygous for the minor allele at G531L or I66V, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) was 87% (P = 0.03) and 54% lower (P = 0.03), respectively. In contrast, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was 11% (P = 0.017) and 7% (P = 0.049) higher, respectively, than among individuals without these genotypes. These associations were independent of age, body size, and muscle area. Finally, no individuals with type 2 diabetes were found among those who were homozygous for the minor allele of either at G531L and I66V whereas 14-18% of men with the major alleles had type 2 diabetes (P = 0.03 and 0.007, respectively). Our results suggest a novel association between common nonsynonymous coding variants in CPT1B and ectopic skeletal muscle fat among middle-aged and older African ancestry men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Moffett SP, Dillon KA, Yerges LM, Goodrich LJ, Nestlerode C, Bunker CH, Wheeler VW, Patrick AL, Zmuda JM. Identification and association analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human noggin (NOG) gene and osteoporosis phenotypes. Bone 2009; 44:999-1002. [PMID: 19167531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Noggin, an extracellular bone morphogenic protein (BMP) antagonist, blocks BMP signaling and decreases osteoblastogenesis. The purpose of this study was to identify novel sequence variations in the human noggin gene and to perform association analyses of these variations with phenotypes related to osteoporosis. Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by resequencing 7 kb of the noggin gene region in 24 randomly selected Afro-Caribbean men without regard to their bone mineral density (BMD) level. We identified 22 SNPs in the 7 kb noggin gene region, only 2 of which were previously described in dbSNP (build 126). There were also 11 unvalidated SNPs from dbSNP that could not be verified in our sequence analysis. Ten of the 22 identified SNPs showed a minor allele frequency greater than 0.05. Seven of these common SNPs were genotyped in 2060 Afro-Caribbean men age 40 and older. None of the 7 SNPs were associated with BMD at the proximal femur or lumbar spine. Our analysis suggests that a common variation in the noggin gene is unlikely to have a major impact on BMD among older men of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan P Moffett
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Xiong DH, Liu XG, Guo YF, Tan LJ, Wang L, Sha BY, Tang ZH, Pan F, Yang TL, Chen XD, Lei SF, Yerges LM, Zhu XZ, Wheeler VW, Patrick AL, Bunker CH, Guo Y, Yan H, Pei YF, Zhang YP, Levy S, Papasian CJ, Xiao P, Lundberg YW, Recker RR, Liu YZ, Liu YJ, Zmuda JM, Deng HW. Genome-wide association and follow-up replication studies identified ADAMTS18 and TGFBR3 as bone mass candidate genes in different ethnic groups. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 84:388-98. [PMID: 19249006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify and validate genes associated with bone mineral density (BMD), which is a prominent osteoporosis risk factor, we tested 379,319 SNPs in 1000 unrelated white U.S. subjects for associations with BMD. For replication, we genotyped the most significant SNPs in 593 white U.S. families (1972 subjects), a Chinese hip fracture (HF) sample (350 cases, 350 controls), a Chinese BMD sample (2955 subjects), and a Tobago cohort of African ancestry (908 males). Publicly available Framingham genome-wide association study (GWAS) data (2953 whites) were also used for in silico replication. The GWAS detected two BMD candidate genes, ADAMTS18 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 18) and TGFBR3 (transforming growth factor, beta receptor III). Replication studies verified the significant findings by GWAS. We also detected significant associations with hip fracture for ADAMTS18 SNPs in the Chinese HF sample. Meta-analyses supported the significant associations of ADAMTS18 and TGFBR3 with BMD (p values: 2.56 x 10(-5) to 2.13 x 10(-8); total sample size: n = 5925 to 9828). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested that the minor allele of one significant ADAMTS18 SNP might promote binding of the TEL2 factor, which may repress ADAMTS18 expression. The data from NCBI GEO expression profiles also showed that ADAMTS18 and TGFBR3 genes were differentially expressed in subjects with normal skeletal fracture versus subjects with nonunion skeletal fracture. Overall, the evidence supports that ADAMTS18 and TGFBR3 might underlie BMD determination in the major human ethnic groups.
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Ragin CC, Watt A, Markovic N, Bunker CH, Edwards RP, Eckstein S, Fletcher H, Garwood D, Gollin SM, Jackson M, Patrick AL, Smikle M, Taioli E, Wheeler VW, Wilson JB, Younger N, McFarlane-Anderson N. Comparisons of high-risk cervical HPV infections in Caribbean and US populations. Infect Agent Cancer 2009; 4 Suppl 1:S9. [PMID: 19208214 PMCID: PMC2638468 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-4-s1-s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates exist among women of African ancestry (African-American, African-Caribbean and African). Persistent cervical infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical dysplasia and if untreated, could potentially progress to invasive cervical cancer. Very few studies have been conducted to examine the true prevalence of HPV infection in this population. Comparisons of cervical HPV infection and the type-specific distribution of HPV were performed between cancer-free Caribbean and US women. Results The Caribbean population consisted of 212 women from Tobago and 99 women from Jamaica. The US population tested, consisted of 82 women from Pittsburgh. The majority of the US subjects was Caucasian, 74% (61/82) while 12% (10/82) and 13% (11/82) were African-American or other ethnic groups, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence of any HPV infection among women from Tobago was 35%, while for Jamaica, it was 81% (p < 0.0001). The age-adjusted prevalence of HPV infection for Caribbean subjects was not statistically significantly different from the US (any HPV: 47% vs. 39%, p > 0.1; high-risk HPVs: 27% vs. 25%, p > 0.1); no difference was observed between US-Blacks and Jamaicans (any HPV: 92% vs. 81%, p > 0.1; high-risk HPV: 50% vs. 53%, p > 0.1). However, US-Whites had a lower age-adjusted prevalence of HPV infections compared to Jamaican subjects (any HPV: 29% vs. 81%, p < 0.0001; high-risk HPV: 20% vs. 53%, p < 0.001). Subjects from Jamaica, Tobago, and US-Blacks had a higher proportion of high-risk HPV infections (Tobago: 20%, Jamaica: 58%, US-Blacks: 40%) compared to US-Whites (15%). Similar observations were made for the presence of infections with multiple high-risk HPV types (Tobago: 12%, Jamaica: 43%, US-Blacks: 30%, US-Whites: 8%). Although we observed similar prevalence of HPV16 infections among Caribbean and US-White women, there was a distinct distribution of high-risk HPV types when comparisons were made between the ethnic groups. Conclusion The higher prevalence of cervical HPV infections and multiple high-risk infections in Caribbean and US-Black women may contribute to the high incidence and prevalence of cervical cancer in these populations. Evaluation of a larger sample size is currently ongoing to confirm the distinct distribution of HPV types between ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Ragin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, USA.
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Ragin CCR, Wheeler VW, Wilson JB, Bunker CH, Gollin SM, Patrick AL, Taioli E. Distinct distribution of HPV types among cancer-free Afro-Caribbean women from Tobago. Biomarkers 2008; 12:510-22. [PMID: 17701749 DOI: 10.1080/13547500701340384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus causes cervical carcinomas, and is associated with approximately 36% of oropharyngeal tumours where HPV16 is the predominant genotype. The cervical cancer incidence rate in Trinidad and Tobago is about two times higher than the worldwide rate. We have for the first time determined the prevalence and type distribution of cervical HPV infections among cancer-free Afro-Caribbean women from Tobago, and compared it with the HPV subtypes observed in their oral cavity. Thirty-five per cent of the women were cervical HPV positive. The most common high-risk type detected in the cervix was HPV45 rather than HPV16 and 18. The prevalence of HPV infection in the oral mucosa was 6.6%. The distribution of HPV genotypes in healthy Tobagonian women is different from that reported in studies conducted in European and North American populations. This may have important implications for vaccine introduction in this and other Afro-Caribbean countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C R Ragin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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