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Tay E, Ali FR, Craythorne E. Treatment preferences and real-world outcomes for patients with complex lentigo maligna. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024:llae146. [PMID: 38655664 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llae146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The recent review on lentigo maligna succinctly outlines treatment options for patients with lentigo maligna. Our own retrospective real-world data regarding patient preferences and treatment outcomes may be instructive for dermatologists treating patients with lentigo maligna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Tay
- Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
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2
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Saldívar MC, Tay E, Isaakidou A, Moosabeiki V, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Doubrovski EL, Mirzaali MJ, Zadpoor AA. Bioinspired rational design of bi-material 3D printed soft-hard interfaces. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7919. [PMID: 38086804 PMCID: PMC10716482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Durable interfacing of hard and soft materials is a major design challenge caused by the ensuing stress concentrations. In nature, soft-hard interfaces exhibit remarkable mechanical performance, with failures rarely happening at the interface. Here, we mimic the strategies observed in nature to design efficient soft-hard interfaces. We base our geometrical designs on triply periodic minimal surfaces (i.e., Octo, Diamond, and Gyroid), collagen-like triple helices, and randomly distributed particles. A combination of computational simulations and experimental techniques, including uniaxial tensile and quad-lap shear tests, are used to characterize the mechanical performance of the interfaces. Our analyses suggest that smooth interdigitated connections, compliant gradient transitions, and either decreasing or constraining strain concentrations lead to simultaneously strong and tough interfaces. We generate additional interfaces where the abovementioned toughening mechanisms work synergistically to create soft-hard interfaces with strengths approaching the upper achievable limit and enhancing toughness values by 50%, as compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Saldívar
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - E Tay
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A Isaakidou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - V Moosabeiki
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - L E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - E L Doubrovski
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering (IDE), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Landbergstraat, 15, 2628 CE, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - A A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
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3
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Wang A, Shen J, Rodriguez AA, Saunders EJ, Chen F, Janivara R, Darst BF, Sheng X, Xu Y, Chou AJ, Benlloch S, Dadaev T, Brook MN, Plym A, Sahimi A, Hoffman TJ, Takahashi A, Matsuda K, Momozawa Y, Fujita M, Laisk T, Figuerêdo J, Muir K, Ito S, Liu X, Uchio Y, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Lophatananon A, Wan P, Andrews C, Lori A, Choudhury PP, Schleutker J, Tammela TL, Sipeky C, Auvinen A, Giles GG, Southey MC, MacInnis RJ, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Lubinski J, Rentsch CT, Cho K, Mcmahon BH, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Martin RM, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Weischer M, Bojesen SE, Røder A, Stroomberg HV, Batra J, Chambers S, Horvath L, Clements JA, Tilly W, Risbridger GP, Gronberg H, Aly M, Szulkin R, Eklund M, Nordstrom T, Pashayan N, Dunning AM, Ghoussaini M, Travis RC, Key TJ, Riboli E, Park JY, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Albanes D, Weinstein S, Cook MB, Mucci LA, Giovannucci E, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, Penney KL, Turman C, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, Hamilton RJ, Fleshner NE, Finelli A, Parent MÉ, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Koutros S, Beane Freeman LE, Stampfer M, Wolk A, Håkansson N, Andriole GL, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Sørensen KD, Borre M, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Yeboah ED, Mensah JE, Lu YJ, Zhang HW, Feng N, Mao X, Wu Y, Zhao SC, Sun Z, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, West CM, Barnett G, Maier C, Schnoeller T, Luedeke M, Kibel AS, Drake BF, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Menegaux F, Truong T, Koudou YA, John EM, Grindedal EM, Maehle L, Khaw KT, Ingles SA, Stern MC, Vega A, Gómez-Caamaño A, Fachal L, Rosenstein BS, Kerns SL, Ostrer H, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Brandão A, Watya S, Lubwama A, Bensen JT, Butler EN, Mohler JL, Taylor JA, Kogevinas M, Dierssen-Sotos T, Castaño-Vinyals G, Cannon-Albright L, Teerlink CC, Huff CD, Pilie P, Yu Y, Bohlender RJ, Gu J, Strom SS, Multigner L, Blanchet P, Brureau L, Kaneva R, Slavov C, Mitev V, Leach RJ, Brenner H, Chen X, Holleczek B, Schöttker B, Klein EA, Hsing AW, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Logothetis CJ, Kim J, Neuhausen SL, Steele L, Ding YC, Isaacs WB, Nemesure B, Hennis AJ, Carpten J, Pandha H, Michael A, Ruyck KD, Meerleer GD, Ost P, Xu J, Razack A, Lim J, Teo SH, Newcomb LF, Lin DW, Fowke JH, Neslund-Dudas CM, Rybicki BA, Gamulin M, Lessel D, Kulis T, Usmani N, Abraham A, Singhal S, Parliament M, Claessens F, Joniau S, den Broeck TV, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Martinez ME, Larkin S, Townsend PA, Aukim-Hastie C, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Crawford DC, Srivastava S, Cullen J, Petrovics G, Casey G, Wang Y, Tettey Y, Lachance J, Tang W, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Yamoah K, Govindasami K, Chokkalingam AP, Keaton JM, Hellwege JN, Clark PE, Jalloh M, Gueye SM, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Shittu O, Amodu O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Ajibola HO, Jamda MA, Oluwole OP, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Diop H, Gundell SM, Roobol MJ, Jenster G, van Schaik RH, Hu JJ, Sanderson M, Kachuri L, Varma R, McKean-Cowdin R, Torres M, Preuss MH, Loos RJ, Zawistowski M, Zöllner S, Lu Z, Van Den Eeden SK, Easton DF, Ambs S, Edwards TL, Mägi R, Rebbeck TR, Fritsche L, Chanock SJ, Berndt SI, Wiklund F, Nakagawa H, Witte JS, Gaziano JM, Justice AC, Mancuso N, Terao C, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Madduri RK, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2065-2074. [PMID: 37945903 PMCID: PMC10841479 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Fei Chen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rohini Janivara
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Burcu F. Darst
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yili Xu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alisha J. Chou
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Plym
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Sahimi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Atushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing,Graduate school of Frontier Sciences,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Triin Laisk
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jéssica Figuerêdo
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Shuji Ito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - The Biobank Japan Project
- Corresponding Author: Christopher A. Haiman, Harlyne J. Norris Cancer Research Tower, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1450 Biggy Street, Rm 1504, Los Angeles, CA 90033 or
| | - Yuji Uchio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | | | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Csilla Sipeky
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health,The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J. MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health,The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Christopher T. Rentsch
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David E. Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Borge G. Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F. Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hein V. Stroomberg
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Horvath
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse (COBLH), Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Tilly
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gail P. Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Szulkin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- SDS Life Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordstrom
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Pashayan
- University College London, Department of Applied Health Research, London, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Open Targets, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Saffron Walden, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH,, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn L. Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital – Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Hamilton
- Dept. of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Dept. of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil E. Fleshner
- Dept. of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerald L. Andriole
- Brady Urological Institute in National Capital Region, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - James E. Mensah
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangzhu Province, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Sun
- The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Proviouce, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China, Shenyang, China
| | - Stephen N. Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catharine M.L. West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Gill Barnett
- University of Cambridge Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Paris, France
| | | | - Florence Menegaux
- Exposome and Heredity, CESP (UMR 1018), Paris-Saclay Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Exposome and Heredity, CESP (UMR 1018), Paris-Saclay Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yves Akoli Koudou
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cédex, France
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lovise Maehle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Caamaño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Fachal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Barry S. Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L. Kerns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Brandão
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ebonee N. Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James L. Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Craig C. Teerlink
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chad D. Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Pilie
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan J. Bohlender
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S. Strom
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Robin J. Leach
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy and Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - William B. Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anselm J.M. Hennis
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kim De Ruyck
- Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Ost
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Azad Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Lim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia (CRM), Outpatient Centre, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lisa F. Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay H. Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology,The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Urogenital Unit, Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aswin Abraham
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandeep Singhal
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Parliament
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Esteban Castelao
- Genetic Oncology Unit, CHUVI Hospital, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Larkin
- Scientific Education Support, Thames Ditton, Surrey, Formerly Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul A. Townsend
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | | | - William S. Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C. Aldrich
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Public Health Science, Center for Public Health Genomics,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrew A. Adjei
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob M. Keaton
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacklyn N. Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E. Clark
- Atrium Health/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayiwola Shittu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and Univerity College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Amodu
- Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele O. Adebiyi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen I. Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hafees O. Ajibola
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha A. Jamda
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olabode P. Oluwole
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Halimatou Diop
- Laboratoires Bacteriologie et Virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Susan M. Gundell
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monique J. Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron H.N. van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- The University of Miami School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mina Torres
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael H. Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zeyun Lu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology,, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nick Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - David V. Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Chen F, Madduri RK, Rodriguez AA, Darst BF, Chou A, Sheng X, Wang A, Shen J, Saunders EJ, Rhie SK, Bensen JT, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Strom SS, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, Isaacs WB, Stanford JL, Zheng W, Sanderson M, John EM, Park JY, Xu J, Wang Y, Berndt SI, Huff CD, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Lachance J, Tang W, Rentsch CT, Cho K, Mcmahon BH, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Sellers TA, Yamoah K, Murphy AB, Crawford DC, Patel AV, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Cussenot O, Petrovics G, Cullen J, Neslund-Dudas CM, Stern MC, Kote-Jarai Z, Govindasami K, Cook MB, Chokkalingam AP, Hsing AW, Goodman PJ, Hoffmann TJ, Drake BF, Hu JJ, Keaton JM, Hellwege JN, Clark PE, Jalloh M, Gueye SM, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Idowu MO, Popoola O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Ajibola HO, Jamda MA, Oluwole OP, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Mensah JE, Diop H, Van Den Eeden SK, Blanchet P, Fowke JH, Casey G, Hennis AJ, Lubwama A, Thompson IM, Leach R, Easton DF, Preuss MH, Loos RJ, Gundell SM, Wan P, Mohler JL, Fontham ET, Smith GJ, Taylor JA, Srivastava S, Eeles RA, Carpten JD, Kibel AS, Multigner L, Parent MÉ, Menegaux F, Cancel-Tassin G, Klein EA, Andrews C, Rebbeck TR, Brureau L, Ambs S, Edwards TL, Watya S, Chanock SJ, Witte JS, Blot WJ, Michael Gaziano J, Justice AC, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Evidence of Novel Susceptibility Variants for Prostate Cancer and a Multiancestry Polygenic Risk Score Associated with Aggressive Disease in Men of African Ancestry. Eur Urol 2023; 84:13-21. [PMID: 36872133 PMCID: PMC10424812 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility. OBJECTIVE To discover common genetic variants contributing to the risk of PCa in men of African ancestry. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a meta-analysis of ten genome-wide association studies consisting of 19378 cases and 61620 controls of African ancestry. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Common genotyped and imputed variants were tested for their association with PCa risk. Novel susceptibility loci were identified and incorporated into a multiancestry polygenic risk score (PRS). The PRS was evaluated for associations with PCa risk and disease aggressiveness. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Nine novel susceptibility loci for PCa were identified, of which seven were only found or substantially more common in men of African ancestry, including an African-specific stop-gain variant in the prostate-specific gene anoctamin 7 (ANO7). A multiancestry PRS of 278 risk variants conferred strong associations with PCa risk in African ancestry studies (odds ratios [ORs] >3 and >5 for men in the top PRS decile and percentile, respectively). More importantly, compared with men in the 40-60% PRS category, men in the top PRS decile had a significantly higher risk of aggressive PCa (OR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.10-1.38, p = 4.4 × 10-4). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of large-scale genetic studies in men of African ancestry for a better understanding of PCa susceptibility in this high-risk population and suggests a potential clinical utility of PRS in differentiating between the risks of developing aggressive and nonaggressive disease in men of African ancestry. PATIENT SUMMARY In this large genetic study in men of African ancestry, we discovered nine novel prostate cancer (PCa) risk variants. We also showed that a multiancestry polygenic risk score was effective in stratifying PCa risk, and was able to differentiate risk of aggressive and nonaggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Burcu F Darst
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alisha Chou
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Suhn K Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yao Tettey
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Rentsch
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelly Cho
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin H Mcmahon
- Theoretical Biology Division, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | - Andrew A Adjei
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- Department of Urology and Predictive Onco-Urology Group, Sorbonne Université, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- The University of Miami School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Atrium Health/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael O Idowu
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Popoola
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele O Adebiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hafees O Ajibola
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha A Jamda
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olabode P Oluwole
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Halimatou Diop
- Laboratoires Bacteriologie et Virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Stephen K Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Public Health Science, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anselm J Hennis
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Medical Center Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin Leach
- Department of Urology, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M Gundell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rosaline A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John D Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Department of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cédex, France; Paris-Sud University, Villejuif Cédex, France
| | - Geraldine Cancel-Tassin
- Department of Urology and Predictive Onco-Urology Group, Sorbonne Université, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric A Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Darst BF, Hughley R, Pfennig A, Hazra U, Fan C, Wan P, Sheng X, Xia L, Andrews C, Chen F, Berndt SI, Kote-Jarai Z, Govindasami K, Bensen JT, Ingles SA, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, John EM, Fowke JH, Huff CD, Strom SS, Isaacs WB, Park JY, Zheng W, Ostrander EA, Walsh PC, Carpten J, Sellers TA, Yamoah K, Murphy AB, Sanderson M, Crawford DC, Gapstur SM, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Cussenot O, Petrovics G, Cullen J, Neslund-Dudas C, Kittles RA, Xu J, Stern MC, Chokkalingam AP, Multigner L, Parent ME, Menegaux F, Cancel-Tassin G, Kibel AS, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Stanford JL, Drake BF, Hu JJ, Clark PE, Blanchet P, Casey G, Hennis AJM, Lubwama A, Thompson IM, Leach RJ, Gundell SM, Pooler L, Mohler JL, Fontham ETH, Smith GJ, Taylor JA, Brureau L, Blot WJ, Biritwum R, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Tettey Y, Varma R, McKean-Cowdin R, Torres M, Jalloh M, Magueye Gueye S, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Oladimeji Idowu M, Popoola O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Yeboah ED, Mensah JE, Anthony Adjei A, Diop H, Cook MB, Chanock SJ, Watya S, Eeles RA, Chiang CWK, Lachance J, Rebbeck TR, Conti DV, Haiman CA. A Rare Germline HOXB13 Variant Contributes to Risk of Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry. Eur Urol 2022; 81:458-462. [PMID: 35031163 PMCID: PMC9018520 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A rare African ancestry-specific germline deletion variant in HOXB13 (X285K, rs77179853) was recently reported in Martinican men with early-onset prostate cancer. Given the role of HOXB13 germline variation in prostate cancer, we investigated the association between HOXB13 X285K and prostate cancer risk in a large sample of 22 361 African ancestry men, including 11 688 prostate cancer cases. The risk allele was present only in men of West African ancestry, with an allele frequency in men that ranged from 0.40% in Ghana and 0.31% in Nigeria to 0% in Uganda and South Africa, with a range of frequencies in men with admixed African ancestry from North America and Europe (0-0.26%). HOXB13 X285K was associated with 2.4-fold increased odds of prostate cancer (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-3.9, p = 2 × 10-4), with greater risk observed for more aggressive and advanced disease (Gleason ≥8: odds ratio [OR] = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.3-9.5, p = 2 × 10-5; stage T3/T4: OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.0-10.0, p = 2 × 10-4; metastatic disease: OR = 5.1, 95% CI = 1.9-13.7, p = 0.001). We estimated that the allele arose in West Africa 1500-4600 yr ago. Further analysis is needed to understand how the HOXB13 X285K variant impacts the HOXB13 protein and function in the prostate. Understanding who carries this mutation may inform prostate cancer screening in men of West African ancestry. PATIENT SUMMARY: A rare African ancestry-specific germline deletion in HOXB13, found only in men of West African ancestry, was reported to be associated with an increased risk of overall and advanced prostate cancer. Understanding who carries this mutation may help inform screening for prostate cancer in men of West African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu F Darst
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Raymond Hughley
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Pfennig
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ujani Hazra
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caoqi Fan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Koveela Govindasami
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick C Walsh
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP & Sorbonne Universite, GRC n° 5, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer-Environment, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Atrium Health/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Alexander Lubwama
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Health System and The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Gundell
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mina Torres
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olufemi Popoola
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele O Adebiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Edward D Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Halimatou Diop
- Laboratoires Bacteriologie et Virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Watya
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Uro Care, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Lord BD, Minas T, Dorsey TH, Baker F, Tang W, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Mensah JE, Hoover RN, Hsing AW, Cook MB, Ambs S. Abstract PO-199: Determining the association between circulating fatty acids, immune oncological markers, and prostate cancer risk in a diverse cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp21-po-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Men of African descent, including African American (AA) men and Ghanaian (AFR) men, have a disproportionately higher burden of lethal prostate cancer (PCa) when compared to European American (EA) men. This increased mortality burden could be partially attributed to lifestyle factors including the intake of dietary fatty acids and their metabolism, but may also relate to differences in inflammation and immune function. Although the extent to which fatty acids are PCa risk factors remains controversial, the relationship between fatty acids, inflammation and immune function, and PCa in men of African descent remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the goal of our study was to characterize the relationship between circulating fatty acids, immune-oncological mediators, and PCa in the ethnically diverse NCI-Maryland and NCI-Ghana Prostate Cancer Case-Control studies, with an over-representation of men of African descent. A CLIA-certified, mass spectrometry-based assay was applied to measure 24 fatty acids in sera from 1,562 cases and 1,693 controls. Logistic regression analyses were performed on seven types of fatty acids including total, saturated, trans, cis-monounsaturated, omega-6, omega-3 fatty acids, and the omega 6:3 fatty acid ratio to explore disease associations by population group. Additionally, we measured 82 immune-oncological proteins in the same sera and explored their role as potential mediators of the relationship between fatty acids and PCa. Using this approach, we observed a significant association between trans fatty acid levels and the odds of developing PCa in all three racial/ethnic groups. Although AFR men were found to have the lowest level of trans fatty acids compared to AA and EA men, they still experienced significantly increased odds of developing PCa with increasing trans fatty acid levels. Exploratory mediation analyses found a relationship between Palmitelaidic trans fatty acid levels and two circulating proteins, CD27 and CXCL1, with protein levels being higher in men with elevated levels of circulating Palmitelaidic trans fatty acids and an increased risk of PCa. Our findings point to a previously unexplored oncogenic role of fatty acids and immune-oncological mediators in men of African descent with PCa.
Citation Format: Brittany D. Lord, Tsion Minas, Tiffany H. Dorsey, Francine Baker, Wei Tang, Edward D. Yeboah, Yao Tettey, Richard B. Biritwum, Andrew A. Adjei, Evelyn Tay, James E. Mensah, Robert N. Hoover, Ann W. Hsing, Michael B. Cook, Stefan Ambs. Determining the association between circulating fatty acids, immune oncological markers, and prostate cancer risk in a diverse cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-199.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsion Minas
- 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,
| | | | | | - Wei Tang
- 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Ambs
- 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,
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7
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Chin C, Le TT, Singh G, Yip J, Chai SC, Yong QW, Lee E, Yeo D, Tay E, Goh PP, Ling LF, Richards AM, Delgado V, Ding ZP, Ling LH. Echocardiographic global longitudinal strain as a marker of myocardial fibrosis predicts outcomes in aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) reflects intrinsic myocardial function, influenced by interstitial abnormalities. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) detects myocardial fibrosis non-invasively, but it is limited for widespread use. We aim to establish LV-GLS as a marker of replacement myocardial fibrosis on CMR and validate the prognostic value of LV-GLS thresholds associated with fibrosis.
Methods
LV-GLS thresholds of replacement fibrosis were established in the derivation cohort: 151 patients (57±10 years; 58% males) with hypertension who underwent STE to measure LV-GLS and CMR for replacement myocardial fibrosis. Prognostic value of the thresholds was validated in a separate outcome cohort: 261 patients with moderate-severe aortic stenosis (AS; 71±12 years; 58% males; NYHA functional class I-II) and preserved LVEF ≥50%. Primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalization, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular events.
Results
In the derivation cohort, LV-GLS demonstrated good discrimination (c-statistics 0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.83; P<0.001) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow X2=6.37; P=0.605) for replacement fibrosis. In the outcome cohort, 52 events occurred over 16 [3.1, 42.0] months of follow-up. Patients with LV-GLS >−15.0% (corresponding to 95% specificity to rule-in myocardial fibrosis) had the worst outcomes compared to patients with LV-GLS <−21.0% (corresponding to 95% sensitivity to rule-out myocardial fibrosis) and those between −21.0 and −15.0% (log-rank P<0.001; Figure 1). Furthermore, LV-GLS offered independent prognostic value over clinical variables, AS severity, echocardiographic LVEF and E/e' (hazard ratio 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.30; P=0.001).
Conclusions
LV-GLS thresholds associated with replacement myocardial fibrosis is a novel approach to risk-stratify patients with AS and preserved LVEF (Figure 2).
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Medical Research Council Figure 1Figure 2
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Singh
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - J Yip
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S C Chai
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Q W Yong
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Lee
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Yeo
- Apex Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Tay
- Asian Heart and Vascular Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P P Goh
- Asian Heart and Vascular Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L F Ling
- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A M Richards
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - V Delgado
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - Z P Ding
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - L H Ling
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Hurwitz LM, Yeboah ED, Biritwum RB, Tettey Y, Adjei AA, Mensah JE, Tay E, Okyne V, Truelove A, Kelly SP, Zhou CK, Butler EN, Hoover RN, Hsing AW, Cook MB. Overall and abdominal obesity and prostate cancer risk in a West African population: An analysis of the Ghana Prostate Study. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2669-2676. [PMID: 32350862 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer. However, most studies have been conducted among North American and European populations. Prostate cancer mortality appears elevated in West Africa, yet risk factors for prostate cancer in this region are unknown. We thus examined the relationship between obesity and prostate cancer using a case-control study conducted in Accra, Ghana in 2004 to 2012. Cases and controls were drawn from a population-based sample of 1037 men screened for prostate cancer, yielding 73 cases and 964 controls. An additional 493 incident cases were recruited from the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Anthropometric measurements were taken at enrollment. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and prostate cancer, adjusting for potential confounders. The mean BMI was 25.1 kg/m2 for cases and 24.3 kg/m2 for controls. After adjustment, men with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had an increased risk of prostate cancer relative to men with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.11-3.13). Elevated WC (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.24-2.51) and WHR (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99-2.16) were also associated with prostate cancer. Associations were not modified by smoking status and were evident for low- and high-grade disease. These findings indicate that overall and abdominal obesity are positively associated with prostate cancer among men in Ghana, implicating obesity as a potentially modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Hurwitz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- Department of Pathology,University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Department of Pathology,University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - James E Mensah
- Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vicky Okyne
- College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Scott P Kelly
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eboneé N Butler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center and Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Gouveia MH, Bergen AW, Borda V, Nunes K, Leal TP, Ogwang MD, Yeboah ED, Mensah JE, Kinyera T, Otim I, Nabalende H, Legason ID, Mpoloka SW, Mokone GG, Kerchan P, Bhatia K, Reynolds SJ, Birtwum RB, Adjei AA, Tettey Y, Tay E, Hoover R, Pfeiffer RM, Biggar RJ, Goedert JJ, Prokunina-Olsson L, Dean M, Yeager M, Lima-Costa MF, Hsing AW, Tishkoff SA, Chanock SJ, Tarazona-Santos E, Mbulaiteye SM. Genetic signatures of gene flow and malaria-driven natural selection in sub-Saharan populations of the "endemic Burkitt Lymphoma belt". PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008027. [PMID: 30849090 PMCID: PMC6426263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations in sub-Saharan Africa have historically been exposed to intense selection from chronic infection with falciparum malaria. Interestingly, populations with the highest malaria intensity can be identified by the increased occurrence of endemic Burkitt Lymphoma (eBL), a pediatric cancer that affects populations with intense malaria exposure, in the so called "eBL belt" in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the effects of intense malaria exposure and sub-Saharan populations' genetic histories remain poorly explored. To determine if historical migrations and intense malaria exposure have shaped the genetic composition of the eBL belt populations, we genotyped ~4.3 million SNPs in 1,708 individuals from Ghana and Northern Uganda, located on opposite sides of eBL belt and with ≥ 7 months/year of intense malaria exposure and published evidence of high incidence of BL. Among 35 Ghanaian tribes, we showed a predominantly West-Central African ancestry and genomic footprints of gene flow from Gambian and East African populations. In Uganda, the North West population showed a predominantly Nilotic ancestry, and the North Central population was a mixture of Nilotic and Southern Bantu ancestry, while the Southwest Ugandan population showed a predominant Southern Bantu ancestry. Our results support the hypothesis of diverse ancestral origins of the Ugandan, Kenyan and Tanzanian Great Lakes African populations, reflecting a confluence of Nilotic, Cushitic and Bantu migrations in the last 3000 years. Natural selection analyses suggest, for the first time, a strong positive selection signal in the ATP2B4 gene (rs10900588) in Northern Ugandan populations. These findings provide important baseline genomic data to facilitate disease association studies, including of eBL, in eBL belt populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus H Gouveia
- Instituto de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Center for Research on Genomics & Global Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew W Bergen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victor Borda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kelly Nunes
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Leal
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Martin D Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Tobias Kinyera
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ismail D Legason
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Gaonyadiwe George Mokone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana School of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Yao Tettey
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert J Biggar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Dean
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, US Department of Health and Human Services, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - M Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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10
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Adler C, Friesen MC, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Okyne V, Mensah JE, Truelove A, Yang B, Kelly SP, Zhou CK, McCullough LE, Pardo L, Hoover RN, Hsing AW, Cook MB, Koutros S. Usual adult occupation and risk of prostate cancer in West African men: the Ghana Prostate Study. Occup Environ Med 2018; 76:71-77. [PMID: 30530485 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Established prostate cancer (PCa) risk factors include age, family history of PCa and African ancestry. Studies, mostly among highly screened, predominantly European ancestral populations, suggest that employment in certain occupations (eg, farming, military) may also have an increased risk for PCa. Here, we evaluated the association between usual adult occupation and PCa risk in Ghanaian men, a population with historically low rates of PCa screening. METHODS The Ghana Prostate Study is a case-control study of PCa that was conducted from 2004 to 2012 in 749 cases and 964 controls. In-person interviews were conducted to collect information from participants, including longest held job. Industrial hygienists classified job titles into occupational categories. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs for the association between longest held job and PCa risk (overall, aggressive (Gleason≥7)), controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Risk was increased among men in management (overall PCa OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.2; aggressive PCa OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.5) and military occupations (overall PCa OR=3.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.0; aggressive PCa OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.5 to 8.3). Risks were also elevated for management and military-specific jobs based on 3-digit level Standard Occupational Classification definitions. Sensitivity analyses accounting for access to medical care did not show significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides some evidence for increased risk of PCa among men in management and military occupations, which is consistent with the published literature. Additional research is needed to clarify the drivers of the associations between these occupations and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Adler
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yao Tettey
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Evelyn Tay
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Baiyu Yang
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Scott P Kelly
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Larissa Pardo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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Andrews C, Fortier B, Hayward A, Lederman R, Petersen L, McBride J, Petersen DC, Ajayi O, Kachambwa P, Seutloali M, Shoko A, Mokhosi M, Hiller R, Adams M, Ongaco C, Pugh E, Romm J, Shelford T, Chinegwundoh F, Adusei B, Mante S, Snyper NY, Agalliu I, Lounsbury DW, Rohan T, Orfanos A, Quintana Y, Jacobson JS, Neugut AI, Gelmann E, Lachance J, Dial C, Diallo TA, Jalloh M, Gueye SM, Kane PMS, Diop H, Ndiaye AJ, Sall AS, Toure-Kane NC, Onyemata E, Abimiku A, Adjei AA, Biritwum R, Gyasi R, Kyei M, Mensah JE, Okine J, Okyne V, Rockson I, Tay E, Tettey Y, Yeboah E, Chen WC, Singh E, Cook MB, Duffy CN, Hsing A, Soo CC, Fernandez P, Irusen H, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach O, Jamda AM, Olabode PO, Nwegbu MM, Ajibola OH, Ajamu OJ, Ambuwa YG, Adebiyi AO, Asuzu M, Ogunbiyi O, Popoola O, Shittu O, Amodu O, Odiaka E, Makinde I, Joffe M, Pentz A, Rebbeck TR. Development, Evaluation, and Implementation of a Pan-African Cancer Research Network: Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate. J Glob Oncol 2018; 4:1-14. [PMID: 30260755 PMCID: PMC6223491 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer of the prostate (CaP) is the leading cancer among men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A substantial proportion of these men with CaP are diagnosed at late (usually incurable) stages, yet little is known about the etiology of CaP in SSA. METHODS We established the Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate Network, which includes seven SSA centers partnering with five US centers to study the genetics and epidemiology of CaP in SSA. We developed common data elements and instruments, regulatory infrastructure, and biosample collection, processing, and shipping protocols. We tested this infrastructure by collecting epidemiologic, medical record, and genomic data from a total of 311 patients with CaP and 218 matched controls recruited at the seven SSA centers. We extracted genomic DNA from whole blood, buffy coat, or buccal swabs from 265 participants and shipped it to the Center for Inherited Disease Research (Baltimore, MD) and the Centre for Proteomics and Genomics Research (Cape Town, South Africa), where genotypes were generated using the UK Biobank Axiom Array. RESULTS We used common instruments for data collection and entered data into the shared database. Double-entered data from pilot participants showed a 95% to 98% concordance rate, suggesting that data can be collected, entered, and stored with a high degree of accuracy. Genotypes were obtained from 95% of tested DNA samples (100% from blood-derived DNA samples) with high concordance across laboratories. CONCLUSION We provide approaches that can produce high-quality epidemiologic and genomic data in multicenter studies of cancer in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Andrews
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Brian Fortier
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amy Hayward
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ruth Lederman
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lindsay Petersen
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jo McBride
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Desiree C. Petersen
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olabode Ajayi
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Paidamoyo Kachambwa
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Moleboheng Seutloali
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Aubrey Shoko
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mamokhosana Mokhosi
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Reinhard Hiller
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Marcia Adams
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chrissie Ongaco
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Pugh
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jane Romm
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tameka Shelford
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Frank Chinegwundoh
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ben Adusei
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sunny Mante
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Nana Yaa Snyper
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ilir Agalliu
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - David W. Lounsbury
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Alex Orfanos
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yuri Quintana
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Judith S. Jacobson
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Alfred I. Neugut
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Edward Gelmann
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Lachance
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Cherif Dial
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Thierno Amadou Diallo
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mohamed Jalloh
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Serigne Magueye Gueye
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Papa Moussa Sène Kane
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Halimatou Diop
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anna Julienne Ndiaye
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amina Sow Sall
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ezenwa Onyemata
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Alash’le Abimiku
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Andrew A. Adjei
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Richard Biritwum
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Richard Gyasi
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mathew Kyei
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - James E. Mensah
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Julian Okine
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Vicky Okyne
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isabella Rockson
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yao Tettey
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Edward Yeboah
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wenlong C. Chen
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Elvira Singh
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Christine N. Duffy
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ann Hsing
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Cassandra Claire Soo
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Pedro Fernandez
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hayley Irusen
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Mustapha Jamda
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Peter Oluwole Olabode
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olalekan Hafees Ajibola
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yakubu Garba Ambuwa
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael Asuzu
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Popoola
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayiwola Shittu
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Amodu
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Odiaka
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa Makinde
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Audrey Pentz
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Caroline Andrews, Brian Fortier, Amy Hayward, Ruth Lederman, and Timothy R. Rebbeck; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Alex Orfanos and Yuri Quintana, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Timothy R. Rebbeck, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Lindsay Petersen, Jo McBride, Desiree C. Petersen, Olabode Ajayi, Paidamoyo Kachambwa, Moleboheng Seutloali, Aubrey Shoko, Mamokhosana Mokhosi, and Reinhard Hiller, Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research; Pedro Fernandez and Hayley Irusen, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town; Wenlong C. Chen and Elvira Singh, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; Wenlong C. Chen, Elvira Singh, Maureen Joffe, Audrey Pentz, and Cassandra Claire Soo, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marcia Adams, Chrissie Ongaco, Elizabeth Pugh, Jane Romm, and Tameka Shelford, Center for Inherited Disease Research, Baltimore; Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Frank Chinegwundoh, Bart’s Health National Health Services Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ben Adusei, Sunny Mante, and Nana Yaa Snyper, 37 Military Hospital; Andrew A. Adjei, Richard Biritwum, Richard Gyasi, Mathew Kyei, James E. Mensah, Julian Okine, Vicky Okyne, Isabella Rockson, Evelyn Tay, Yao Tettey, and Edward Yeboah, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ilir Agalliu, David W. Lounsbury, and Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx; Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut, and Edward Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, NY; Joseph Lachance, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Cristine N. Duffy and Ann Hsing, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA; Cherif Dial, Thierno Amadou Diallo, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne Magueye Gueye, and Papa Moussa Sène Kane, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Institute de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé de la Famillie; Halimatou Diop, Anna Julienne Ndiaye, Amina Sow Sall, and Ndeye Coumba Toure-Kane, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; Ezenwa Onyemata and Alash’le Abimiku, Institute of Human Virology, H3 African Biorepository Initiative; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, and Olalekan Hafees Ajibola, University of Abuja; Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Abubakar Mustapha Jamda, Peter Oluwole Olabode, and Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja; Olushola Jeremiah Ajamu and Yakubu Garba Ambuwa, Federal Medical Center, Keffi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Michael Asuzu, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Olufemi Popoola, Olayiwola Shittu, Olukemi Amodu, Emeka Odiaka, and Ifeoluwa Makinde, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ng P, Tay E, Chan SP, Ling LH, Yeo TC, Wong R, Poh KK, Kong W, Cherian R. 5321Severe functional tricuspid valve regurgitation: predictors of mortality at 1 and 2 years and heart failure admission. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.5321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Ng
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Tay
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S P Chan
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L H Ling
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T C Yeo
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Wong
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K K Poh
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Kong
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Cherian
- National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhou CK, Young D, Yeboah ED, Coburn SB, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Niwa S, Truelove A, Welsh J, Mensah JE, Hoover RN, Sesterhenn IA, Hsing AW, Srivastava S, Cook MB. TMPRSS2:ERG Gene Fusions in Prostate Cancer of West African Men and a Meta-Analysis of Racial Differences. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:1352-1361. [PMID: 28633309 PMCID: PMC5860576 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fusions of the transmembrane protease, serine 2, gene (TMPRSS2) with the erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG), or TMPRSS2:ERG, in prostate cancer varies by race. However, such somatic aberration and its association with prognostic factors have neither been studied in a West African population nor been systematically reviewed in the context of racial differences. We used immunohistochemistry to assess oncoprotein encoded by the ERG gene as the established surrogate of ERG fusion genes among 262 prostate cancer biopsies from the Ghana Prostate Study (2004-2006). Poisson regression with robust variance estimation provided prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals of ERG expression in relation to patient characteristics. We found that 47 of 262 (18%) prostate cancers were ERG-positive, and being negative for ERG staining was associated with higher Gleason score. We further conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in relation to race, Gleason score, and tumor stage, combining results from Ghana with 40 additional studies. Meta-analysis showed the prevalence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in prostate cancer to be highest in men of European descent (49%), followed by men of Asian (27%) and then African (25%) descent. The lower prevalence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in men of African descent implies that alternative genomic mechanisms might explain the disproportionately high prostate cancer burden in such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise Young
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Sally B Coburn
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yao Tettey
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Evelyn Tay
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Judith Welsh
- NIH Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Robert N Hoover
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Isabell A Sesterhenn
- Genitourinary Pathology, Joint Pathology Center, Department of Defense, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Prevention Research Center and Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Michael B Cook
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Dale K, Tay E, Trauer JM, Trevan P, Denholm J. Gender differences in tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment and outcomes in Victoria, Australia, 2002–2015. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2017; 21:1264-1271. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gender has a significant impact on tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and outcomes in many settings worldwide. We explored gender differences in Victoria, Australia, a low-incidence setting.METHODS: Retrospective cohort study: 2002–2015. Gender was included as an independent
variable in multivariate statistical analyses assessing TB management.RESULTS: There were 2655 (54.5%) males and 2212 (45.5%) females notified (male:female ratio = 1.2:1). Among cases with pulmonary involvement, males underwent a chest X-ray or CT scan (CXR) sooner (hazard ratio [HR] 1.2,
95%CI 1.04–1.31, P = 0.010), began treatment sooner after presentation (HR 1.2, 95%CI 1.08–1.34, P = 0.001) and were more likely to have a sputum smear sample performed (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.01–1.55, P = 0.037). Male cases with extra-pulmonary TB sought health
care sooner after symptom onset (HR 1.3, 95%CI 1.03–1.58, P = 0.024) and were more likely to have an abnormal CXR (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.54–2.32, P < 0.001). Males were more likely to die before or during treatment (OR 1.5, 95%CI 1.06–2.11, P = 0.024).CONCLUSIONS:
Women experienced small delays in management compared with men, with no obvious detriment to assessment results or treatment outcomes. Differences were consistent with the hypothesis that males manifest more severe disease at presentation, which could be related to a range of biological and social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Dale
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E. Tay
- Department of Health and Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. M. Trauer
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P. Trevan
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. Denholm
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Vazquez M, Haines E, Tay E, Tsung J. 393 Evaluating Clinical Decisionmaking Using Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasound for IV vs PO Rehydration in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Dehydration. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dale K, Tay E, Trevan P, Denholm JT. Mortality among tuberculosis cases in Victoria, 2002-2013: case fatality and factors associated with death. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2017; 20:515-23. [PMID: 26970162 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING The state of Victoria, Australia, is an industrialised setting with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence, universal health care and high levels of migration. OBJECTIVE To assess case fatality rates (CFRs) and factors associated with death in a cohort of TB cases notified between 2002 and 2013. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. Cases who died untreated or during treatment were reviewed to determine whether TB was a primary cause of, contributed to or was unrelated to death. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to compare demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics. RESULTS Of 3956 cases, 198 (5.0%) died of any cause. TB was the primary cause of death in 99 cases (50.3%) and contributed to death in a further 34 cases, giving a TB-related CFR of 3.4%. In multivariate analysis, TB-related mortality reduced over time, and was positively associated with male sex, older age, history of substance use and disseminated or meningeal TB. Factors associated with survival included having a history of past travel to or residence in a high TB risk country, lymph node TB or extra-pulmonary TB manifestations, excluding meningeal, genitourinary, pleural and lymphnode TB. CONCLUSIONS TB CFRs in this setting are among the lowest reported globally. TB mortality steadily decreased from 2002 to 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dale
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Tay
- Department of Health and Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Trevan
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J T Denholm
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhou CK, Young D, Yeboah ED, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tettey Y, Tay E, Niwa S, Truelove AL, Sesterhenn IA, Srivastava S, Hoover RN, Hsing AW, Cook MB. Abstract LB-371: ERG protein expression in diagnostic prostate cancer tissues among West African men. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-lb-371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Fusion of androgen regulated TMPRSS2 gene and the ERG oncogene is a common recurrent chromosomal aberration in prostate cancer, which leads to elevated expression of ERG oncoprotein. ERG expression detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been validated as a proxy of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion. The prevalence of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion has been shown to vary by race being highest in Caucasian prostate cancer patients, followed by African American and then Asian. However, the prevalence of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion in African prostate cancer populations remains to be determined.
Methods and Materials: There were 428 prostate cancer patients diagnosed during 2004-2012 in the Ghana Prostate Study who had formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded needle biopsy tissues available for analysis. Pathologists centrally scored 262 tissue samples for ERG expression and Gleason patterns, after excluding 166 without sufficient tissues. ERG-positive nuclear immunostaining of normal endothelial cells was used as an internal control and only nuclear immunostaining of prostate cancer cells was deemed ERG-positive. We evaluated ERG expression status in relation to clinicopathological characteristics using logistic regression models. To assess potential selection bias, we performed sensitivity analyses comparing clinicopathological characteristics extracted from medical records by inclusion/exclusion status.
Results: We found 47 (18%) tissue samples were ERG-positive. Since recently preserved tissues appeared more likely to be ERG-negative (P = 0.044), all logistic regression models were adjusted for calendar year of diagnosis. Negative ERG staining was significantly associated with higher Gleason score (P = 0.035), in particular with higher primary Gleason grade (P = 0.028). Age at diagnosis, PSA concentration at diagnosis, and tribal group were not significantly associated with ERG expression status. Sensitivity analyses revealed that excluded tissues were more likely to be preserved in earlier years (P = 0.033) and to have lower Gleason scores (P = 0.003).
Conclusions: This first study of ERG expression in an African prostate cancer population indicates that the prevalence of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion is similar to that of African American patients but lower than those with European ancestry. Whether this lower proportion of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion leads to a greater proportion of aggressive prostate cancer in African men or is the result of diagnostic selection of a higher proportion of symptomatic, high Gleason score prostate cancers in such populations remains unknown.
Citation Format: Cindy Ke Zhou, Denise Young, Edward D. Yeboah, Richard B. Biritwum, Andrew A. Adjei, Yao Tettey, Evelyn Tay, Shelley Niwa, Ann L. Truelove, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, Shiv Srivastava, Robert N. Hoover, Ann W. Hsing, Michael B. Cook. ERG protein expression in diagnostic prostate cancer tissues among West African men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Denise Young
- 2Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, MD
| | | | | | | | - Yao Tettey
- 3University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- 3University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Isabell A. Sesterhenn
- 2Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, MD
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- 2Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, MD
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- 5Stanford Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael B. Cook
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Jutley G, Carpenter D, Hau S, Booth D, Jasim HA, Tay E, Daniel C, Saw V. Upper and lower conjunctival fornix depth in healthy white caucasian eyes: a method of objective assessment. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1351-1358. [PMID: 27391932 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeEvaluating anti-scarring therapies require objective assessment of scarring, and knowledge of normal fornix anatomy. Measurement of conjunctival scarring has focused on inferior fornix shortening, although the superior fornix is often overlooked. There are data on normal fornix depth (FD) in South Asians, but there are no studies investigating normal conjunctival FD in white Caucasians. We designed a fornix depth measurer (FDM) for objective measurement of upper and lower conjunctival FD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intra- and inter-observer variability, and to establish a reference for normal conjunctival FD in an ethnically white Caucasian population.Patients and methodsProspective cross-sectional study evaluating conjunctival FD in 252 clinically normal white Caucasian participants aged 20-80. Paired observers evaluated inter- and intra-observer variability. Data was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots and analysis of variance.ResultsFor white Caucasian subjects, mean upper and lower conjunctival fornix depths were 15.6 mm (95% confidence interval (CI), 12.5-18.8) and 10.9 mm (95% CI, 8.0-13.7), respectively. Females have smaller FDs (upper FD 15.3 mm±1.6 females, 16.2 mm±1.4 males, P<0.001; lower FD 10.6 mm±1.3 females, 11.3 mm±1.4 males, P<0.001). There was a progressive decline in FD with age (upper fornix depth 16.3 mm±1.2 at age 20-29, and 15.0 mm±1.8 at age 80+ (P=0.04)). There was 94-100% intra-observer and inter-observer agreement for upper and lower fornix measurements.ConclusionsUsing a slightly different custom-designed FDM, central conjunctival fornix depth in white Caucasian eyes appears to be similar to data previously reported in South Asian eyes. Fornix depth measurements were repeatable and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jutley
- Cornea and External Disease Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Carpenter
- Ocular Prosthetics Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Hau
- Cornea and External Disease Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Booth
- Cornea and External Disease Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H A Jasim
- Cornea and External Disease Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Tay
- Cornea and External Disease Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Daniel
- Cornea and External Disease Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - V Saw
- Cornea and External Disease Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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19
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Gusev A, Shi H, Kichaev G, Pomerantz M, Li F, Long HW, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Strom SS, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, Isaacs WB, Zheng W, Pettaway CA, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, John EM, Murphy AB, Signorello LB, Carpten J, Leske MC, Wu SY, Hennis AJM, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Witte JS, Casey G, Kaggwa S, Cook MB, Stram DO, Blot WJ, Eeles RA, Easton D, Kote-Jarai ZS, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Muir K, Giles GG, Southey MC, Fitzgerald LM, Gronberg H, Wiklund F, Aly M, Henderson BE, Schleutker J, Wahlfors T, Tammela TLJ, Nordestgaard BG, Key TJ, Travis RC, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Maier C, Vogel W, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Kluzniak W, Cannon-Albright L, Teerlink C, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Park JY, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Batra J, Spurdle A, Clements JA, Teixeira MR, Pandha H, Michael A, Paulo P, Maia S, Kierzek A, Conti DV, Albanes D, Berg C, Berndt SI, Campa D, Crawford ED, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci E, Hoover R, Hunter DJ, Johansson M, Kraft P, Le Marchand L, Lindström S, Navarro C, Overvad K, Riboli E, Siddiq A, Stevens VL, Trichopoulos D, Vineis P, Yeager M, Trynka G, Raychaudhuri S, Schumacher FR, Price AL, Freedman ML, Haiman CA, Pasaniuc B. Atlas of prostate cancer heritability in European and African-American men pinpoints tissue-specific regulation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10979. [PMID: 27052111 PMCID: PMC4829663 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 risk loci that explain ∼33% of familial risk for prostate cancer (PrCa), their functional effects on risk remain largely unknown. Here we use genotype data from 59,089 men of European and African American ancestries combined with cell-type-specific epigenetic data to build a genomic atlas of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability in PrCa. We find significant differences in heritability between variants in prostate-relevant epigenetic marks defined in normal versus tumour tissue as well as between tissue and cell lines. The majority of SNP heritability lies in regions marked by H3k27 acetylation in prostate adenoc7arcinoma cell line (LNCaP) or by DNaseI hypersensitive sites in cancer cell lines. We find a high degree of similarity between European and African American ancestries suggesting a similar genetic architecture from common variation underlying PrCa risk. Our findings showcase the power of integrating functional annotation with genetic data to understand the genetic basis of PrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gusev
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Gleb Kichaev
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mark Pomerantz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fugen Li
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Henry W. Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - William B. Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Curtis A. Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Edward D. Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B. Biritwum
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A. Adjei
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Lisa B. Signorello
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - John Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - M. Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Anslem J. M. Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Ann W. Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Sam Kaggwa
- Department of Surgery, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 94118, Uganda
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Liesel M. Fitzgerald
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics Institute of Biomedicine Kiinamyllynkatu 10, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere 33200, Finland
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere 33200, Finland
| | - Teuvo L. J. Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere 33200, Finland
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Densmark
| | - Tim J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health; University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health; University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - David E. Neal
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 279, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus OX1 3PN, Denmark
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- University College London, Department of Applied Health Research, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Christiane Maier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluzniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Craig Teerlink
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Aida K. Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Hardev Pandha
- The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | | | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christine Berg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. David Crawford
- Urologic Oncology, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80230, USA
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Susan M. Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Robert Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69008, France
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Sara Lindström
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia 30009, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona 28029, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Victoria L. Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens 106 79, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens 106 79, Greece
| | - Paolo Vineis
- HuGeF Foundation, Torino 10126, Italy
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gosia Trynka
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Frederick R. Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Alkes L. Price
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Matthew L. Freedman
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Han Y, Rand KA, Hazelett DJ, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Strom SS, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, Isaacs WB, Stanford JL, Zheng W, Schumacher FR, Berndt SI, Wang Z, Xu J, Rohland N, Reich D, Tandon A, Pasaniuc B, Allen A, Quinque D, Mallick S, Notani D, Rosenfeld MG, Jayani RS, Kolb S, Gapstur SM, Stevens VL, Pettaway CA, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, John EM, Murphy AB, Signorello LB, Carpten J, Leske MC, Wu SY, Hennis AJM, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Witte JS, Casey G, Lubwama A, Pooler LC, Sheng X, Coetzee GA, Cook MB, Chanock SJ, Stram DO, Watya S, Blot WJ, Conti DV, Henderson BE, Haiman CA. Prostate Cancer Susceptibility in Men of African Ancestry at 8q24. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djv431. [PMID: 26823525 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 8q24 region harbors multiple risk variants for distinct cancers, including >8 for prostate cancer. In this study, we conducted fine mapping of the 8q24 risk region (127.8-128.8Mb) in search of novel associations with common and rare variation in 4853 prostate cancer case patients and 4678 control subjects of African ancestry. All statistical tests were two-sided. We identified three independent associations at P values of less than 5.00×10(-8), all of which were replicated in studies from Ghana and Uganda (combined sample = 5869 case patients, 5615 control subjects; rs114798100: risk allele frequency [RAF] = 0.04, per-allele odds ratio [OR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04 to 2.61, P = 2.38×10(-40); rs72725879: RAF = 0.33, OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.30 to 1.45, P = 3.04×10(-27); and rs111906932: RAF = 0.03, OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.08, P = 1.39×10(-13)). Risk variants rs114798100 and rs111906923 are only found in men of African ancestry, with rs111906923 representing a novel association signal. The three variants are located within or near a number of prostate cancer-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including PRNCR1, PCAT1, and PCAT2. These findings highlight ancestry-specific risk variation and implicate prostate-specific lncRNAs at the 8q24 prostate cancer susceptibility region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Kristin A Rand
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Sara S Strom
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - William B Isaacs
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Wei Zheng
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - David Reich
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Arti Tandon
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Alex Allen
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Dominique Quinque
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Dimple Notani
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Ranveer Singh Jayani
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Yao Tettey
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Ann Truelove
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Shelley Niwa
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Anand P Chokkalingam
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Esther M John
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - John Carpten
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - M Cristina Leske
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Anslem J M Hennis
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Christine Neslund-Dudas
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Lisa Chu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Eric A Klein
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - John S Witte
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Graham Casey
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Alex Lubwama
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Loreall C Pooler
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Xin Sheng
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Michael B Cook
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Stephen Watya
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - William J Blot
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - David V Conti
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
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Alerhand S, Tay E. 357 Effect of Ultrasound as an Initial Imaging Modality in Children With Appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Han Y, Hazelett DJ, Wiklund F, Schumacher FR, Stram DO, Berndt SI, Wang Z, Rand KA, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Yeager M, Burdette L, Chung CC, Hutchinson A, Yu K, Xu J, Travis RC, Key TJ, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Stanford JL, Kolb S, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Strom SS, Pettaway CA, Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, Isaacs WB, Chen C, Lindstrom S, Le Marchand L, Giovannucci EL, Pomerantz M, Long H, Li F, Ma J, Stampfer M, John EM, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Blot WJ, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Nemesure B, Carpten J, Leske MC, Wu SY, Hennis AJM, Rybicki BA, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Witte JS, Casey G, Riboli E, Li Q, Freedman ML, Hunter DJ, Gronberg H, Cook MB, Nakagawa H, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Easton DF, Henderson BE, Coetzee GA, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Integration of multiethnic fine-mapping and genomic annotation to prioritize candidate functional SNPs at prostate cancer susceptibility regions. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5603-18. [PMID: 26162851 PMCID: PMC4572069 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpretation of biological mechanisms underlying genetic risk associations for prostate cancer is complicated by the relatively large number of risk variants (n = 100) and the thousands of surrogate SNPs in linkage disequilibrium. Here, we combined three distinct approaches: multiethnic fine-mapping, putative functional annotation (based upon epigenetic data and genome-encoded features), and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses, in an attempt to reduce this complexity. We examined 67 risk regions using genotyping and imputation-based fine-mapping in populations of European (cases/controls: 8600/6946), African (cases/controls: 5327/5136), Japanese (cases/controls: 2563/4391) and Latino (cases/controls: 1034/1046) ancestry. Markers at 55 regions passed a region-specific significance threshold (P-value cutoff range: 3.9 × 10(-4)-5.6 × 10(-3)) and in 30 regions we identified markers that were more significantly associated with risk than the previously reported variants in the multiethnic sample. Novel secondary signals (P < 5.0 × 10(-6)) were also detected in two regions (rs13062436/3q21 and rs17181170/3p12). Among 666 variants in the 55 regions with P-values within one order of magnitude of the most-associated marker, 193 variants (29%) in 48 regions overlapped with epigenetic or other putative functional marks. In 11 of the 55 regions, cis-eQTLs were detected with nearby genes. For 12 of the 55 regions (22%), the most significant region-specific, prostate-cancer associated variant represented the strongest candidate functional variant based on our annotations; the number of regions increased to 20 (36%) and 27 (49%) when examining the 2 and 3 most significantly associated variants in each region, respectively. These results have prioritized subsets of candidate variants for downstream functional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | | | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristin A Rand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merideth Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK, Royal Marsden National Health Services (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Henry Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fugen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Rick A Kittles
- University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA and
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | | | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center,
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23
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Wang Z, Zhu B, Zhang M, Parikh H, Jia J, Chung CC, Sampson JN, Hoskins JW, Hutchinson A, Burdette L, Ibrahim A, Hautman C, Raj PS, Abnet CC, Adjei AA, Ahlbom A, Albanes D, Allen NE, Ambrosone CB, Aldrich M, Amiano P, Amos C, Andersson U, Andriole G, Andrulis IL, Arici C, Arslan AA, Austin MA, Baris D, Barkauskas DA, Bassig BA, Beane Freeman LE, Berg CD, Berndt SI, Bertazzi PA, Biritwum RB, Black A, Blot W, Boeing H, Boffetta P, Bolton K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Bracci PM, Brennan P, Brinton LA, Brotzman M, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Buring JE, Butler MA, Cai Q, Cancel-Tassin G, Canzian F, Cao G, Caporaso NE, Carrato A, Carreon T, Carta A, Chang GC, Chang IS, Chang-Claude J, Che X, Chen CJ, Chen CY, Chen CH, Chen C, Chen KY, Chen YM, Chokkalingam AP, Chu LW, Clavel-Chapelon F, Colditz GA, Colt JS, Conti D, Cook MB, Cortessis VK, Crawford ED, Cussenot O, Davis FG, De Vivo I, Deng X, Ding T, Dinney CP, Di Stefano AL, Diver WR, Duell EJ, Elena JW, Fan JH, Feigelson HS, Feychting M, Figueroa JD, Flanagan AM, Fraumeni JF, Freedman ND, Fridley BL, Fuchs CS, Gago-Dominguez M, Gallinger S, Gao YT, Gapstur SM, Garcia-Closas M, Garcia-Closas R, Gastier-Foster JM, Gaziano JM, Gerhard DS, Giffen CA, Giles GG, Gillanders EM, Giovannucci EL, Goggins M, Gokgoz N, Goldstein AM, Gonzalez C, Gorlick R, Greene MH, Gross M, Grossman HB, Grubb R, Gu J, Guan P, Haiman CA, Hallmans G, Hankinson SE, Harris CC, Hartge P, Hattinger C, Hayes RB, He Q, Helman L, Henderson BE, Henriksson R, Hoffman-Bolton J, Hohensee C, Holly EA, Hong YC, Hoover RN, Hosgood HD, Hsiao CF, Hsing AW, Hsiung CA, Hu N, Hu W, Hu Z, Huang MS, Hunter DJ, Inskip PD, Ito H, Jacobs EJ, Jacobs KB, Jenab M, Ji BT, Johansen C, Johansson M, Johnson A, Kaaks R, Kamat AM, Kamineni A, Karagas M, Khanna C, Khaw KT, Kim C, Kim IS, Kim JH, Kim YH, Kim YC, Kim YT, Kang CH, Jung YJ, Kitahara CM, Klein AP, Klein R, Kogevinas M, Koh WP, Kohno T, Kolonel LN, Kooperberg C, Kratz CP, Krogh V, Kunitoh H, Kurtz RC, Kurucu N, Lan Q, Lathrop M, Lau CC, Lecanda F, Lee KM, Lee MP, Le Marchand L, Lerner SP, Li D, Liao LM, Lim WY, Lin D, Lin J, Lindstrom S, Linet MS, Lissowska J, Liu J, Ljungberg B, Lloreta J, Lu D, Ma J, Malats N, Mannisto S, Marina N, Mastrangelo G, Matsuo K, McGlynn KA, McKean-Cowdin R, McNeill LH, McWilliams RR, Melin BS, Meltzer PS, Mensah JE, Miao X, Michaud DS, Mondul AM, Moore LE, Muir K, Niwa S, Olson SH, Orr N, Panico S, Park JY, Patel AV, Patino-Garcia A, Pavanello S, Peeters PHM, Peplonska B, Peters U, Petersen GM, Picci P, Pike MC, Porru S, Prescott J, Pu X, Purdue MP, Qiao YL, Rajaraman P, Riboli E, Risch HA, Rodabough RJ, Rothman N, Ruder AM, Ryu JS, Sanson M, Schned A, Schumacher FR, Schwartz AG, Schwartz KL, Schwenn M, Scotlandi K, Seow A, Serra C, Serra M, Sesso HD, Severi G, Shen H, Shen M, Shete S, Shiraishi K, Shu XO, Siddiq A, Sierrasesumaga L, Sierri S, Loon Sihoe AD, Silverman DT, Simon M, Southey MC, Spector L, Spitz M, Stampfer M, Stattin P, Stern MC, Stevens VL, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Stram DO, Strom SS, Su WC, Sund M, Sung SW, Swerdlow A, Tan W, Tanaka H, Tang W, Tang ZZ, Tardon A, Tay E, Taylor PR, Tettey Y, Thomas DM, Tirabosco R, Tjonneland A, Tobias GS, Toro JR, Travis RC, Trichopoulos D, Troisi R, Truelove A, Tsai YH, Tucker MA, Tumino R, Van Den Berg D, Van Den Eeden SK, Vermeulen R, Vineis P, Visvanathan K, Vogel U, Wang C, Wang C, Wang J, Wang SS, Weiderpass E, Weinstein SJ, Wentzensen N, Wheeler W, White E, Wiencke JK, Wolk A, Wolpin BM, Wong MP, Wrensch M, Wu C, Wu T, Wu X, Wu YL, Wunder JS, Xiang YB, Xu J, Yang HP, Yang PC, Yatabe Y, Ye Y, Yeboah ED, Yin Z, Ying C, Yu CJ, Yu K, Yuan JM, Zanetti KA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Zhou B, Mirabello L, Savage SA, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Yeager M, Landi MT, Shi J, Chatterjee N, Amundadottir LT. Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6616-33. [PMID: 25027329 PMCID: PMC4240198 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | | | - Jinping Jia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher Hautman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew A Adjei
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anders Ahlbom
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine
| | | | - Naomi E Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain, CIBERESP, CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gerald Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Austin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dalsu Baris
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine and
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pier Alberto Bertazzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA, International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Bolton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2RE, UK
| | | | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Butler
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Carreon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Angela Carta
- Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xu Che
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | | | - Lisa W Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine and
| | | | - Victoria K Cortessis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine and
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP, Paris, France, AP-HP, Department of Urology, Tenon Hospital, GHU-Est, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°5, ONCOTYPE-URO, Paris, France
| | - Faith G Davis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Deng
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Anna Luisa Di Stefano
- Service de Neurologie Mazarin, GH Pitie-Salpetriere, APHP, and UMR 975 INSERM-UPMC, CRICM, Paris, France
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanne W Elena
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- UCL Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | | | | | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotaong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Reina Garcia-Closas
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veteran's Epidemiology, Research and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela S Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol A Giffen
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, MD, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria & Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nalan Gokgoz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Robert Grubb
- Department of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Goran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Nutritional Research
| | | | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Claudia Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qincheng He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chancellor Hohensee
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Preventive Medicine and
| | | | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and Taiwan Lung Cancer Tissue/Specimen Information Resource Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin B Jacobs
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA, Bioinformed, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - In-Sam Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Genomic Research Center for Lung and Breast/Ovarian Cancers, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Brain and Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-eup, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Hideo Kunitoh
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nilgun Kurucu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle- Ankara, Turkey
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Genotypage, IG/CEA, Evry Cedex, France, Centre d'Étude du Polymorphism Humain (CEPH), Paris, France
| | - Ching C Lau
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kyoung-Mu Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | | | - Wei-Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology and
| | - Josep Lloreta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daru Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nuria Malats
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Satu Mannisto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neyssa Marina
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan, Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Scicence, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, and Center for Community-Engaged Translational Research, Duncan Family Institute and
| | | | | | | | - James E Mensah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Lee E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nick Orr
- Complex Traits Genetics Team and
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ana Patino-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Petra H M Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Porru
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xia Pu
- Department of Epidemiology
| | | | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rebecca J Rodabough
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Avima M Ruder
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Marc Sanson
- Service de Neurologie Mazarin, GH Pitie-Salpetriere, APHP, and UMR 975 INSERM-UPMC, CRICM, Paris, France
| | - Alan Schned
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology and
| | - Kendra L Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Consol Serra
- Centre for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria & Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Sierrasesumaga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sabina Sierri
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alan Dart Loon Sihoe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Margaret Spitz
- Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Par Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology and
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sook Whan Sung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK, Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wei Tang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Ze-Zhang Tang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - David M Thomas
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ruth C Travis
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry Associazione Iblea Ricerca Epidemiologica, Onlus and Asp Ragusa, Ragusa Italy
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Imperial College, London, UK, Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino Italy
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Soborg, Denmark
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | - Junwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotaong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital and
| | | | - Edward D Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Ying
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA and
| | - Krista A Zanetti
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
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Tong L, Huang C, Ramalli A, Tortoli P, Luo J, D'hooge J, Tzemos N, Mordi I, Bishay T, Bishay T, Negishi T, Hristova K, Kurosawa K, Bansal M, Thavendiranathan P, Yuda S, Popescu B, Vinereanu D, Penicka M, Marwick T, Hamed W, Kamel M, Yaseen R, El-Barbary H, Nemes A, Kis O, Gavaller H, Kanyo E, Forster T, Angelis A, Vlachopoulos C, Ioakimidis N, Felekos I, Chrysohoou C, Aznaouridis K, Abdelrasoul M, Terentes D, Ageli K, Stefanadis C, Kurnicka K, Domienik-Karlowicz J, Lichodziejewska B, Goliszek S, Grudzka K, Krupa M, Dzikowska-Diduch O, Ciurzynski M, Pruszczyk P, Gual Capllonch F, Lopez Ayerbe J, Teis A, Ferrer E, Vallejo N, Junca G, Pla R, Bayes-Genis A, Schwaiger J, Knight D, Gallimore A, Schreiber B, Handler C, Coghlan J, Bruno RM, Giardini G, Malacrida S, Catuzzo B, Armenia S, Brustia R, Ghiadoni L, Cauchy E, Pratali L, Kim K, Lee K, Cho J, Yoon H, Ahn Y, Jeong M, Cho J, Park J, Cho S, Nastase O, Enache R, Mateescu A, Botezatu D, Popescu B, Ginghina C, Gu H, Sinha M, Simpson J, Chowienczyk P, Fazlinezhad A, Tashakori Behesthi A, Homaei F, Mostafavi H, Hosseini G, Bakaeiyan M, Boutsikou M, Petrou E, Dimopoulos A, Dritsas A, Leontiadis E, Karatasakis G, Sahin ST, Yurdakul S, Yilmaz N, Cengiz B, Cagatay Y, Aytekin S, Yavuz S, Karlsen S, Dahlslett T, Grenne B, Sjoli B, Smiseth O, Edvardsen T, Brunvand H, Nasr G, Nasr A, Eleraki A, Elrefai S, Mordi I, Sonecki P, Tzemos N, Gustafsson U, Naar J, Stahlberg M, Cerne A, Capotosto L, Rosato E, D'angeli I, Azzano A, Truscelli G, De Maio M, Salsano F, Terzano C, Mangieri E, Vitarelli A, Renard S, Najih H, Mancini J, Jacquier A, Haentjens J, Gaubert J, Habib G, Caminiti G, D'antoni V, D'antoni V, Cardaci V, Cardaci V, Conti V, Conti V, Volterrani M, Volterrani M, Ahn J, Kim D, Lee H, Iliuta L, Lo Iudice F, Esposito R, Lembo M, Santoro C, Ballo P, Mondillo S, De Simone G, Galderisi M, Hwang Y, Kim J, Kim J, Moon K, Yoo K, Kim C, Tagliamonte E, Rigo F, Cirillo T, Caruso A, Astarita C, Cice G, Quaranta G, Romano C, Capuano N, Calabro' R, Zagatina A, Zhuravskaya N, Guseva O, Huttin O, Benichou M, Voilliot D, Venner C, Micard E, Girerd N, Sadoul N, Moulin F, Juilliere Y, Selton-Suty C, Baron T, Christersson C, Johansson K, Flachskampf F, Lee S, Lee J, Hur S, Park J, Yun J, Song S, Kim W, Ko J, Nyktari E, Bilal S, Ali S, Izgi C, Prasad S, Aly M, Kleijn S, Kandil H, Kamp O, Beladan C, Calin A, Rosca M, Craciun A, Gurzun M, Calin C, Enache R, Mateescu A, Ginghina C, Popescu B, Mornos C, Mornos A, Ionac A, Cozma D, Crisan S, Popescu I, Ionescu G, Petrescu L, Camacho S, Gamaza Chulian S, Carmona R, Diaz E, Giraldez A, Gutierrez A, Toro R, Benezet J, Antonini-Canterin F, Vriz O, La Carrubba S, Poli S, Leiballi E, Zito C, Careri S, Caruso R, Pellegrinet M, Nicolosi G, Kong W, Kyu K, Wong R, Tay E, Yip J, Yeo T, Poh K, Correia M, Delgado A, Marmelo B, Correia E, Abreu L, Cabral C, Gama P, Santos O, Rahman M, Borges IP, Peixoto E, Peixoto R, Peixoto R, Marcolla V, Okura H, Kanai M, Murata E, Kataoka T, Stoebe S, Tarr A, Pfeiffer D, Hagendorff A, Generati G, Bandera F, Pellegrino M, Alfonzetti E, Labate V, Guazzi M, Kuznetsov V, Yaroslavskaya E, Pushkarev G, Krinochkin D, Zyrianov I, Carigi S, Baldazzi F, Bologna F, Amati S, Venturi P, Grosseto D, Biagetti C, Fabbri E, Arlotti M, Piovaccari G, Rahbi H, Bin Abdulhaq A, Tleyjeh I, Santoro C, Galderisi M, Costantino M, Tarsia G, Innelli P, Dores E, Esposito G, Matera A, De Simone G, Trimarco B, Capotosto L, Azzano A, Mukred K, Ashurov R, Tanzilli G, Mangieri E, Vitarelli A, Merlo M, Gigli M, Stolfo D, Pinamonti B, Antonini Canterin F, Muca M, D'angelo G, Scapol S, Di Nucci M, Sinagra G, Behaghel A, Feneon D, Fournet M, Thebault C, Martins R, Mabo P, Leclercq C, Daubert C, Donal E, Davinder Pal S, Prakash Chand N, Sanjeev A, Rajeev M, Ankur D, Ram Gopal S, Mzoughi K, Zairi I, Jabeur M, Ben Moussa F, Ben Chaabene A, Kamoun S, Mrabet K, Fennira S, Zargouni A, Kraiem S, Demkina A, Hashieva F, Krylova N, Kovalevskaya E, Potehkina N, Zaroui A, Ben Said R, Smaali S, Rekik B, Ben Hlima M, Mizouni H, Mechmeche R, Mourali M, Malhotra A, Sheikh N, Dhutia H, Siva A, Narain R, Merghani A, Millar L, Walker M, Sharma S, Papadakis M, Siam-Tsieu V, Mansencal N, Arslan M, Deblaise J, Dubourg O, Zaroui A, Rekik B, Ben Said R, Boudiche S, Larbi N, Tababi N, Hannachi S, Mechmeche R, Mourali M, Mechmeche R, Zaroui A, Chalbia T, Ben Halima M, Rekik B, Boussada R, Mourali M, Lipari P, Bonapace S, Valbusa F, Rossi A, Zenari L, Lanzoni L, Targher G, Canali G, Molon G, Barbieri E, Novo G, Giambanco S, Sutera M, Bonomo V, Giambanco F, Rotolo A, Evola S, Assennato P, Novo S, Budnik M, Piatkowski R, Kochanowski J, Opolski G, Chatzistamatiou E, Mpampatseva Vagena I, Manakos K, Moustakas G, Konstantinidis D, Memo G, Mitsakis O, Kasakogias A, Syros P, Kallikazaros I, Marketou M, Parthenakis F, Kalyva N, Pontikoglou C, Maragkoudakis S, Zacharis E, Patrianakos A, Maragoudakis F, Papadaki H, Vardas P, Rodrigues A, Perandini L, Souza T, Sa-Pinto A, Borba E, Arruda A, 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Vahanian A, Messika-Zeitoun D, Jin C, Fang F, Meng F, Kam K, Sun J, Tsui G, Wong K, Wan S, Yu C, Lee A, Cho IJ, Chung H, Heo R, Ha S, Hong G, Shim C, Chang H, Ha J, Chung N, Moral S, Gruosso D, Galuppo V, Teixido G, Rodriguez-Palomares J, Gutierrez L, Evangelista A, Moral S, Gruosso D, Galuppo V, Teixido G, Rodriguez-Palomares J, Gutierrez L, Evangelista A, Moral S, Gruosso D, Galuppo V, Teixido G, Rodriguez-Palomares J, Gutierrez L, Evangelista A, Alexopoulos A, Dawson D, Nihoyannopoulos P, Zainal Abidin HA, Ismail J, Arshad K, Ibrahim Z, Lim C, Abd Rahman E, Kasim S, Peteiro J, Barrio A, Escudero A, Bouzas-Mosquera A, Yanez J, Martinez D, Castro-Beiras A, Scali M, Simioniuc A, Mandoli G, Lombardo A, Massaro F, Di Bello V, Marzilli M, Dini F, Adachi H, Tomono J, Oshima S, Merchan Ortega G, Bravo Bustos D, Lazaro Garcia R, Sanchez Espino A, Macancela Quinones J, Ikuta I, Ruiz Lopez M, Valencia Serrano F, Bonaque Gonzalez J, Gomez Recio M, Romano G, D'ancona G, Pilato G, Di Gesaro G, Clemenza F, Raffa G, Scardulla C, Sciacca S, Lancellotti P, Pilato M, Addetia K, Takeuchi M, Maffessanti F, Weinert L, Hamilton J, Mor-Avi V, Lang R, Sugano A, Seo Y, Watabe H, Kakefuda Y, Aihara H, Nishina H, Ishizu T, Fumikura Y, Noguchi Y, Aonuma K, Luo X, Fang F, Lee A, Shang Q, Yu C, Sammut EC, Chabinok R, Jackson T, Siarkos M, Lee L, Carr-White G, Rajani R, Kapetanakis S, Byrne D, Walsh J, Ellis L, Mckiernan S, Norris S, King G, Murphy R, Hristova K, Katova T, Simova I, Kostova V, Shuie I, Ferferieva V, Bogdanova V, Castelon X, Nemes A, Sasi V, Domsik P, Kalapos A, Lengyel C, Orosz A, Forster T, Grapsa J, Demir O, Dawson D, Sharma R, Senior R, Nihoyannopoulos P, Pilichowska E, Zaborska B, Baran J, Stec S, Kulakowski P, Budaj A, Kosmala W, Kaye G, Saito M, Negishi K, Marwick T, Maceira Gonzalez AM, Ripoll C, Cosin-Sales J, Igual B, Salazar J, Belloch V, Dulai RS, Taylor A, Gupta S. Poster session 1: Wednesday 3 December 2014, 09:00-16:00 * Location: Poster area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 15:ii25-ii51. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Berndt SI, Conti DV, Schumacher F, Han Y, Benlloch S, Hazelett DJ, Wang Z, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Lindstrom S, Jugurnauth-Little S, Dadaev T, Tymrakiewicz M, Stram DO, Rand K, Wan P, Stram A, Sheng X, Pooler LC, Park K, Xia L, Tyrer J, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Yeager M, Burdette L, Chung CC, Hutchinson A, Yu K, Goh C, Ahmed M, Govindasami K, Guy M, Tammela TLJ, Auvinen A, Wahlfors T, Schleutker J, Visakorpi T, Leinonen KA, Xu J, Aly M, Donovan J, Travis RC, Key TJ, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Khaw KT, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Weischer M, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Klarskov P, Røder MA, Iversen P, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Stanford JL, Kolb S, Holt S, Knudsen B, Coll AH, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Maier C, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Rinckleb AE, Strom SS, Pettaway C, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, Cannon-Albright L, Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Kluźniak W, Park J, Sellers T, Lin HY, Isaacs WB, Partin AW, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Stegmaier C, Chen C, Giovannucci EL, Ma J, Stampfer M, Penney KL, Mucci L, John EM, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Pandha H, Michael A, Kierzek AM, Blot W, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Nemesure B, Carpten J, Leske C, Wu SY, Hennis A, Kibel AS, Rybicki BA, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Batra J, Clements J, Spurdle A, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Maia S, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Witte JS, Casey G, Gillanders EM, Seminara D, Riboli E, Hamdy FC, Coetzee GA, Li Q, Freedman ML, Hunter DJ, Muir K, Gronberg H, Neal DE, Southey M, Giles GG, Severi G, Cook MB, Nakagawa H, Wiklund F, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Henderson BE, Easton DF, Eeles RA, Haiman CA. A meta-analysis of 87,040 individuals identifies 23 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer. Nat Genet 2014; 46:1103-9. [PMID: 25217961 PMCID: PMC4383163 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 76 variants associated with prostate cancer risk predominantly in populations of European ancestry. To identify additional susceptibility loci for this common cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis of > 10 million SNPs in 43,303 prostate cancer cases and 43,737 controls from studies in populations of European, African, Japanese and Latino ancestry. Twenty-three new susceptibility loci were identified at association P < 5 × 10(-8); 15 variants were identified among men of European ancestry, 7 were identified in multi-ancestry analyses and 1 was associated with early-onset prostate cancer. These 23 variants, in combination with known prostate cancer risk variants, explain 33% of the familial risk for this disease in European-ancestry populations. These findings provide new regions for investigation into the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and demonstrate the usefulness of combining ancestrally diverse populations to discover risk loci for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin Al Olama
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2]
| | | | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David V Conti
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel O Stram
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristin Rand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Loreall C Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merideth Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chee Goh
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- 1] BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland. [2] Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri A Leinonen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Markus Aly
- 1] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. [2] Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Borge G Nordestgaard
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Klarskov
- Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Janet L Stanford
- 1] Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Holt
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beatrice Knudsen
- Translational Pathology, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Curtis Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Anand P Chokkalingam
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- 1] Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [2] George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jong Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan W Partin
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esther M John
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Andrzej M Kierzek
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - William Blot
- 1] International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA. [2] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anselm Hennis
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. [2] Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- 1] Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal. [2] Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John S Witte
- 1] Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella Seminara
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- 1] Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. [2] Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David E Neal
- 1] Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK. [2] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [3] Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael B Cook
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- 1] Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. [2]
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- 1] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. [2]
| | - Peter Kraft
- 1] Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3]
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Brian E Henderson
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3]
| | - Douglas F Easton
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2]
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- 1] Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. [2] Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK. [3]
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3]
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Chung CC, Hsing AW, Edward Yeboah, Biritwum R, Tettey Y, Adjei A, Cook MB, De Marzo A, Netto G, Tay E, Boland JF, Yeager M, Chanock SJ. A comprehensive resequence-analysis of 250 kb region of 8q24.21 in men of African ancestry. Prostate 2014; 74:579-89. [PMID: 24783269 PMCID: PMC4199861 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified that a ∼1 M region centromeric to the MYC oncogene on chromosome 8q24.21 harbors at least five independent loci associated with prostate cancer risk and additional loci associated with cancers of breast, colon, bladder, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Because GWAS identify genetic markers that may be indirectly associated with disease, fine-mapping based on sequence analysis provides important insights into patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and is critical in defining the optimal variants to nominate for biological follow-up. METHODS To catalog variation in individuals of African ancestry, we resequenced a region (250 kb; chr8:128,050, 768–128, 300,801, hg19) containing several prostate cancer susceptibility loci as well as a locus associated with CLL. Our samples included 78 individuals from Ghana and 47 of African-Americans from Johns Hopkins University. RESULTS After quality control metrics were applied to next-generation sequence data, 1,838 SNPs were identified. Of these, 285 were novel and not yet reported in any public database. Using genotypes derived from sequencing, we refined the LD and recombination hotspots within the region and determined a set of tag SNPs to be used in future fine-mapping studies. Based on LD, we annotated putative risk loci and their surrogates using ENCODE data, which should help guide laboratory studies. CONCLUSIONS In comparison to the 1000 Genome Project data, we have identified additional variants that could be important in establishing priorities for future functional work designed to explain the biological basis of associations between SNPs and both prostate cancer and CLL.
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Cook MB, Wang Z, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chung CC, Chokkalingam AP, Chu LW, Yeager M, Hutchinson A, Yu K, Rand KA, Haiman CA, Hoover RN, Hsing AW, Chanock SJ. A genome-wide association study of prostate cancer in West African men. Hum Genet 2013; 133:509-21. [PMID: 24185611 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Age-adjusted mortality rates for prostate cancer are higher for African-American men compared with those of European ancestry. Recent data suggest that West African men also have elevated risk for prostate cancer relative to European men. Genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer could account for part of this difference. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of prostate cancer in West African men in the Ghana Prostate Study. Association testing was performed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age and genetic ancestry for 474 prostate cancer cases and 458 population-based controls on the Illumina HumanOmni-5 Quad BeadChip. The most promising association was at 10p14 within an intron of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA RP11-543F8.2) 360 kb centromeric of GATA3 (p = 1.29E-7). In sub-analyses, SNPs at 5q31.3 were associated with high Gleason score (≥7) cancers, the strongest of which was a missense SNP in PCDHA1 (rs34575154, p = 3.66E-8), and SNPs at Xq28 (rs985081, p = 8.66E-9) and 6q21 (rs2185710, p = 5.95E-8) were associated with low Gleason score (<7) cancers. We sought to validate our findings in silico in the African Ancestry Prostate Cancer GWAS Consortium, but only one SNP, at 10p14, replicated at p < 0.05. Of the 90 prostate cancer loci reported from studies of men of European, Asian or African-American ancestry, we were able to test 81 in the Ghana Prostate Study, and 10 of these replicated at p < 0.05. Further genetic studies of prostate cancer in West African men are needed to confirm our promising susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Blaise Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm 7-E106, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA,
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Kajiya T, Liang M, Low AF, Chan MY, Lee CH, Tay E, Chan KH, Richards AM, Tan HC. Difference in clinical outcomes between patients who underwent left main stenting during elective versus emergency setting. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tay E, Mengher L, Lin XY, Ferguson V. The impact of off the visual axis retinoscopy on objective central refractive measurement in adult clinical practice: a prospective, randomized clinical study. Eye (Lond) 2011; 25:888-92. [PMID: 21494285 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the off axis retinoscopy on objective central refractive measurement in adult clinical practice. METHODS In all, 40 subjects underwent undilated retinoscopy in a randomly selected eye both on and off the visual axis by a single masked examiner. Off axis retinoscopy was defined as retinoscopy performed with the testing eye of the examiner aligned with the contralateral (non-test) eye of the subject resulting in an off axis deviation in the nasal horizontal visual field. Retinoscopy was performed in negative cylinder only and spherocylindrical measurements were converted to power vectors for analysis. Paired t-test was used to assess differences in M, J(0) and J(45) power vectors including differences between mean aided and unaided LogMar acuities. RESULTS In all, 14 subjects were myopic (SE≤-0.5 D), 13 subjects were emmetropic (SE between -0.49 and 1.0 D) and 13 subjects were hyperopic (SE >1.0 D). Mean angle of deviation was 5.58° in the nasal horizontal visual field. J(0) showed a significant negative shift in those with myopia (P<0.001) and emmetropia (P=0.049) following off axis retinoscopy. No significant differences in M, J(0) and J(45) were found in the hyperopes. Mean aided LogMar acuities after on and off axis retinoscopy were both significantly better than mean unaided LogMar VA (P<0.001 in both cases). CONCLUSION Small degrees of off axis retinoscopy encountered in everyday clinical practice can induce errors in objective central refractive measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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Urban C, Mariano N, Rahal JJ, Tay E, Ponio C, Koprivnjak T, Weiss J. Polymyxin B-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolate Susceptible to Recombinant BPI and Cecropin P1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 45:994-5. [PMID: 16557680 PMCID: PMC90414 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.3.994-995.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Urban
- Infectious Diseases Section The New York Hospital Medical Center of Queens Flushing, New York
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Abstract
We herein present a surgical technique for the management of corneal melt following Boston type I keratoprosthesis implantation. The technique was performed using new-generation dehydrated human amniotic membrane. The membrane was fashioned in the shape of 2 crescentic patches using disposable corneal trephines. A double layer of grafts was then sutured into the host bed with interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures. Rapid healing with corneal epithelization and vascularization was noted within days. The main advantage of the amniotic membrane that we used is that it is thicker than the older generation (110 vs 40 microm) and suitable for tectonic purposes. It is also readily available with a long shelf life and does not require a lamellar dissection unlike a donor corneal patch. This surgical technique may potentially serve as another tool in a cornea surgeon's armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Tay
- Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-9238, USA
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Gurvitch R, Wood D, Leipsic J, Tay E, Nietlispach F, Wijesinghe N, Cheung A, Lichtenstein S, Munt B, Webb J. Utility of Multislice Computed Tomography in Predicting the Correct Angiographic Angle for Deployment of Transcatheter Aortic Valves. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nietlispach F, Wijesinghe N, Gurvitch R, Tay E, Webb J. An Embolic Deflection Device for Aortic Valve Interventions. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gurvitch R, Tay E, Wood D, Leipsic J, Lichtenstein S, Thompson C, Carere R, Wijesinghe N, Nietlispach F, Boone R, Cheung A, Webb J. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Durability of Clinical and Haemodynamic Outcomes Beyond Three Years in a Large Patient Cohort. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tay E, Gurvitch R, Wijesinghe N, Nietlispach F, Wood D, Ye J, Cheung A, Carere R, Lichtenstein S, Thompson C, Webb J. Cerebrovascular Events Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement—Incidence, Predictors and Timing of Events. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nietlispach F, Johnson M, Moss R, Gurvitch R, Tay E, Wijesinghe N, Thompson C, Webb J. Transcatheter Closure of Paravalvular Defects Using a New Purpose-Specific Occluder. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gurvitch R, Tay E, Nietlispach F, Wijesinghe N, Wood D, Cheung A, Thompson C, Ye J, Lichtenstein S, Webb J. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation—Single Centre Outcomes From the First 270 High-Risk Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wijesinghe N, Masson J, Nietlispach F, Tay E, Gurvitch R, Wood D, Webb J. A Novel Real-Time Image Processor to Facilitate Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. The Paieon's C-THV System. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lim Y, Kulkarni P, Shaw R, Tay E. P1054 Case report on chylous ascites in recurrent gynaecological malignancies. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)62540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Andreou PA, Wickremasinghe SS, Asaria RH, Tay E, Franks WA. A comparison of HRT II and GDx imaging for glaucoma detection in a primary care eye clinic setting. Eye (Lond) 2006; 21:1050-5. [PMID: 16691256 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of the HRT II (Heidelberg retinal tomograph) and GDx (glaucoma detection) retinal nerve fibre analyzer in GDx when used in the primary care eye clinic setting for glaucoma screening. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was prospective, cross-sectional, and hospital-based. One-hundred and twelve patients, 59 women and 53 men with a mean age of 57.8 years (range 18-85 years), had consecutive HRT II disc imaging and GDx retinal nerve fiber layer analysis. The Moorfield's regression classification and the 'GDx number' were used to predict the likelihood of glaucoma. A separate clinician, masked to the instrument results determined a definitive diagnosis, based on clinical examination. The extent of agreement between instrument prediction and the clinician diagnosis of glaucoma was examined by generating sensitivity and specificity tables. RESULTS The HRT II had a sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.60-0.92) and a specificity of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.60-0.78). The positive predictive value of the HRT II was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.29-0.57). Using a GDx number of 50 as 'cutoff' for glaucoma detection, the GDx had a sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.59-0.93) and a specificity of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61-0.80), with a positive predictive value of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.28-0.59). CONCLUSIONS For glaucoma detection, neither the HRT II nor the GDx are effective as stand-alone screening devices in the primary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Andreou
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfield's Eye Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
This case report describes an extremely premature infant who was born with a high anorectal malformation requiring a colostomy soon after birth. He later developed multiple episodes of acute urinary retention complicated by bilateral hydronephrosis and acute renal failure. The cause of the retention was found to be the prolapsing stoma, which was kinking the bladder neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tay
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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Tay E, Andreou P, Xing W, Bunce C, Aung T, Franks WA. A questionnaire survey of patient acceptability of optic disc imaging by HRT II and GDx. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88:719-20. [PMID: 15090433 PMCID: PMC1772129 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2003.034975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tay E. Secondary cytoreduction surgery for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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George AJ, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Awad HM, Comer RM, Fehevari Z, King WJ, Kadifachi M, Hudde T, Kerouedan-Lebossé C, Mirza F, Barbaros Oral H, Rayner SA, Tan PH, Tay E, Larkin DF. Gene delivery to the corneal endothelium. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162:S194-200. [PMID: 11029394 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.supplement_3.15tac11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer to the corneal endothelium has potential for modulating rejection of corneal grafts. It can also serve as a convenient and useful model for gene therapy of other organs. In this article we review the work carried out in our laboratory using both viral and nonviral vectors to obtain gene expression in the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J George
- Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London; and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tay
- Department of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Essex, UK
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Tay E, Chinegwundoh J, Sahota A, Cerio R. Papulonecrotic tuberculide: a forgotten cutaneous manifestation of tuberculosis. Hosp Med 1999; 60:450-2. [PMID: 10492721 DOI: 10.12968/hosp.1999.60.6.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 30-year-old Chinese man presented with a 2-month history of enlarging neck masses and a widespread rash. He had first noticed the swellings 10 years ago when a diagnosis of tuberculosis was made. The lymphadenopathy improved after anti-tuberculous therapy but never completely regressed. Seven years later, a skin eruption developed over his limbs and trunk. He described recurring crops of asymptomatic reddish papules which discharged a yellowish fluid and subsequently healed with scarring and hyperpigmentation. There was no pruritus or tenderness and no pulmonary symptoms. Clinical examination revealed a non-tender, 10 cm, firm and ovoid mass with overlying erythema in the right anterior triangle of his neck (Figure 1) with several smaller lumps on the other side. There was a widespread eruption on his trunk and limbs, sparing the face, palms, sole and scalp (Figure 2). Recent lesions consisted of 1cm erythematous papules with a scaly collarette (Figure 3). Older lesions had left atrophic scarring and hyperpigmentation. A clinical diagnosis of papulonecrotic tuberculide was made. An X-ray of the chest was normal. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, A and M) were moderately elevated. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level were normal. Syphilis serology was negative. A Heaf test was strongly positive (Figure 4). Fine needle aspirations of the neck mass were negative for microscopic identification of acid-fast bacilli and for malignancy. On the other hand, a lymph node biopsy on the left side revealed fragments of connective tissue showing granulomatous inflammation and non-caseating necrosis. Occasional acid-fast bacilli were seen with a Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Skin biopsies were taken of recent, established and old lesions. The histological features of the established lesion were diagnostic, showing a florid, acute on chronic, perivascular and periappendiceal inflammmatory infiltrate involving both the superficial and deep dermis. There was also evidence of lobular panniculitis with fibrinoid necrosis of medium-sized arterial vessels, venulitis and extensive endothelial cell swelling. Histological features of the other two skin specimens were non-specific. No organisms were identified with special stains. Anti-tuberculous therapy with rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide was started and 2 weeks after treatment, the patient reported a complete cessation in the development of new skin lesions. His skin remains in remission after 6 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tay
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel
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Stein AD, Tay E, Courval JM. Absence of nonresponse bias in a study of sport-caught Great Lakes fish consumption and conception failure. Environ Res 1999; 80:287-293. [PMID: 10092448 DOI: 10.1006/enrs.1998.3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have reported that men's lifetime sport-caught Great Lakes fish consumption was associated with lifetime prevalence of conception delay or failure. Those cross-sectional data were based on responses to a postal questionnaire. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether nonresponse bias could explain the cross-sectional findings. METHODS We conducted telephone interviews with 230 men and 38 women who did not respond to the original survey, and compared these individuals to the original responders with respect to key demographic, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics. RESULTS Nonresponders were approximately 1.5 years older at interview, were more likely to be Caucasian, and reported higher incomes than responders. Among men, nonresponders had fished fewer days in the past year (12% reported no fishing, compared to 4. 3% of responders). Almost one half of nonresponders reported no fish consumption in the past year, compared to one quarter of responders. Nonresponders were more likely than responders to have ever conceived a live-born child, had more children, and were less likely to intend to have additional children in the next 5 years. Among both responders and nonresponders there was an increased prevalence of a period of conception failure among men who reported consuming greater quantities of sport-caught Great Lakes fish. DISCUSSION Our study provides support for the cross-sectional analyses presented previously, insofar as nonresponse bias is unlikely to have a major role in the observed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Stein
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Abstract
We present a case of cutaneous nerve hypertrophy possibly secondary to scratching or other trauma. The patient was symptomatic and sought surgical treatment, despite no clinical lesion being evident. This type of change has not been previously reported in this clinical setting. There was no clinical evidence of multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 2b (MEN-2b). Awareness of this entity may avoid unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Mason
- Dorevitch Pathology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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