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Pusec CM, Ilievski V, De Jesus A, Farooq Z, Zapater JL, Sweis N, Ismail H, Khan MW, Ardehali H, Cordoba-Chacon J, Layden BT. Liver-specific overexpression of HKDC1 increases hepatocyte size and proliferative capacity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8034. [PMID: 37198225 PMCID: PMC10192376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A primary role of the liver is to regulate whole body glucose homeostasis. Glucokinase (GCK) is the main hexokinase (HK) expressed in hepatocytes and functions to phosphorylate the glucose that enters via GLUT transporters to become glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which subsequently commits glucose to enter downstream anabolic and catabolic pathways. In the recent years, hexokinase domain-containing-1 (HKDC1), a novel 5th HK, has been characterized by our group and others. Its expression profile varies but has been identified to have low basal expression in normal liver but increases during states of stress including pregnancy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cancer. Here, we have developed a stable overexpression model of hepatic HKDC1 in mice to examine its effect on metabolic regulation. We found that HKDC1 overexpression, over time, causes impaired glucose homeostasis in male mice and shifts glucose metabolism towards anabolic pathways with an increase in nucleotide synthesis. Furthermore, we observed these mice to have larger liver sizes due to greater hepatocyte proliferative potential and cell size, which in part, is mediated via yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Pusec
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vladimir Ilievski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam De Jesus
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zeenat Farooq
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph L Zapater
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadia Sweis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hagar Ismail
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Iqbal N, Sheikh MDA, Riaz SU, Irfan M, Awan S, Khan MW, Bana S, Khan JA. Differences in gender perception of smokeless tobacco. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:795-797. [PMID: 35898143 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Iqbal
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical Collage Hospital, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan, Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Aga Khan University, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M D A Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Aga Khan University, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S U Riaz
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical Collage Hospital, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Irfan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Aga Khan University, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Awan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Aga Khan University, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M W Khan
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical Collage Hospital, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Bana
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical Collage Hospital, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - J A Khan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Aga Khan University, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
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Priyadarshini M, Navarro G, Reiman DJ, Sharma A, Xu K, Lednovich K, Manzella CR, Khan MW, Garcia MS, Allard S, Wicksteed B, Chlipala GE, Szynal B, Bernabe BP, Maki PM, Gill RK, Perdew GH, Gilbert J, Dai Y, Layden BT. Gestational Insulin Resistance Is Mediated by the Gut Microbiome-Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Axis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1675-1689.e11. [PMID: 35032499 PMCID: PMC9040389 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Normal gestation involves a reprogramming of the maternal gut microbiome (GM) that contributes to maternal metabolic changes by unclear mechanisms. This study aimed to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of the GM-maternal metabolism interaction. METHODS The GM and plasma metabolome of CD1, NIH-Swiss, and C57 mice were analyzed with the use of 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry throughout gestation. Pharmacologic and genetic knockout mouse models were used to identify the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) in pregnancy-associated insulin resistance (IR). Involvement of gestational GM was studied with the use of fecal microbial transplants (FMTs). RESULTS Significant variation in GM alpha diversity occurred throughout pregnancy. Enrichment in gut bacterial taxa was mouse strain and pregnancy time point specific, with the species enriched at gestation day 15/19 (G15/19), a point of heightened IR, being distinct from those enriched before or after pregnancy. Metabolomics revealed elevated plasma kynurenine at G15/19 in all 3 mouse strains. IDO1, the rate-limiting enzyme for kynurenine production, had increased intestinal expression at G15, which was associated with mild systemic and gut inflammation. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of IDO1 inhibited kynurenine levels and reversed pregnancy-associated IR. FMT revealed that IDO1 induction and local kynurenine level effects on IR derive from the GM in both mouse and human pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS GM changes accompanying pregnancy shift IDO1-dependent tryptophan metabolism toward kynurenine production, intestinal inflammation, and gestational IR, a phenotype reversed by genetic deletion or inhibition of IDO1. (Gestational Gut Microbiome-IDO1 Axis Mediates Pregnancy Insulin Resistance; EMBL-ENA ID: PRJEB45047. MetaboLights ID: MTBLS3598).
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Guadalupe Navarro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Derek J Reiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Anukriti Sharma
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland-OH, U.S.A
| | - Kai Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Kristen Lednovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | | | - Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Mariana Salas Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, La Jolla-CA, U.S.A
| | - Sarah Allard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, La Jolla-CA, U.S.A
| | - Barton Wicksteed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - George E Chlipala
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Barbara Szynal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | | | - Pauline M Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A.; Department of Psychology, and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Ravinder K Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jack Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, La Jolla-CA, U.S.A.; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla-CA, U.S.A
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affair Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Zapater JL, Lednovich KR, Khan MW, Pusec CM, Layden BT. Hexokinase domain-containing protein-1 in metabolic diseases and beyond. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:72-84. [PMID: 34782236 PMCID: PMC8678314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose phosphorylation by hexokinases (HKs) traps glucose in cells and facilitates its usage in metabolic processes dependent on cellular needs. HK domain-containing protein-1 (HKDC1) is a recently discovered protein with wide expression containing HK activity, first noted through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to be linked with gestational glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. Since then, HKDC1 has been observed to be expressed in many human tissues. Moreover, studies have shown that HKDC1 plays a role in glucose homeostasis by which it may affect the progression of many pathophysiological conditions such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and cancer. Here, we review the key studies contributing to our current understanding of the roles of HKDC1 in human pathophysiological conditions and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Zapater
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen R Lednovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carolina M Pusec
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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5
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Priyadarshini M, Khan MW, Xu K, Yeh J, Wicksteed B, Layden B. Fiber Diet-Mediated Increases in Short Chain Fatty Acids Alleviate Western Diet Induced Metabolic Dysfunction. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab054_030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are gut microbial fermentation byproducts with suggested positive health effects, have emerged as a therapeutic modality against metabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Alluringly, in vivo SCFA levels are easily modifiable by consumption of fermentable fibers (FF). Most rodent studies on dietary FF supplementation report terminal increased cecal/fecal SCFA levels but the time course of this increase remains elusive. Also, there is limited information on the effect of this sustained SCFA increase on physiology. Thus, we investigated dietary FF-dependent temporal increases in plasma SCFA levels and its metabolic effects on a western diet (WD) mouse model.
Methods
C57BL/6J male mice (age 10 weeks) were fed test diets for 8 weeks. In Phase I, to establish time-course of plasma SCFA increase, mice were fed the following isocaloric diets: control (low fat + 0% FF); WD; control + 20% FF, where FF was fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin (In), guar gum (GG) or pectin (Pec). In Phase II mice were fed a control diet, or a WD with or without 20% FOS, Pec or GG. End points were weekly plasma SCFAs (by MS/MS), body weight, random glucose and insulin, and at the end of experimental period body fat composition and metabolic tests.
Results
Phase I. Compared to control, WD lowered while FF induced significant increases in total plasma SCFAs (FOS, Pec, GG > In) in a time dependent manner that plateaued beyond 2 weeks. All FF increased propionate and acetate but not butyrate. Phase II. WD caused metabolic dysfunctions (increased body weight and fat mass; glucose intolerance; insulin resistance; P < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA) that were alleviated in mice fed FF enriched WD (Pec = GG > FOS). Compared to WD, food intake was similar except high in the WD-Pec group, while WD-Pec and GG showed higher energy expenditure. All 3 plasma SCFAs were significantly higher in all WD-FF groups. FF supplementation of the control diet showed no significant difference compared to control.
Conclusions
We conclude that: 1) FF feeding induced SCFA production reaches saturation within 2 weeks, suggesting selection of specific gut bacterial features; and 2) all FFs were protective from weight gain and its metabolic consequences.
Funding Sources
2R01 DK104927 (NIH/NIDDK) Layden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Xu
- University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Jade Yeh
- University of Illinois at Chicago
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6
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Lewandowski CT, Khan MW, BenAissa M, Dubrovskyi O, Ackerman-Berrier M, LaDu MJ, Layden BT, Thatcher GRJ. Metabolomic analysis of a selective ABCA1 inducer in obesogenic challenge provides a rationale for therapeutic development. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103287. [PMID: 33752129 PMCID: PMC8010624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic agents with novel mechanisms of action are needed to combat the growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related metabolic syndromes. Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists possess preclinical efficacy yet produce side effects due to excessive lipogenesis. Anticipating that many beneficial and detrimental effects of LXR agonists are mediated by ABCA1 and SREPB1c expression, respectively, we hypothesized that a phenotypic optimization strategy prioritizing selective ABCA1 induction would identify an efficacious lead compound with an improved side effect profile over existing LXRβ agonists. METHODS We synthesized and characterized a novel small molecule for selective induction of ABCA1 vs. SREBP1c in vitro. This compound was evaluated in both wild-type mice and a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model of obesity-driven diabetes through functional, biochemical, and metabolomic analysis. FINDINGS Six weeks of oral administration of our lead compound attenuated weight gain, glucose intolerance, insulin signaling deficits, and adiposity. Global metabolomics revealed suppression of gluconeogenesis, free fatty acids, and pro-inflammatory metabolites. Target identification linked these beneficial effects to selective LXRβ agonism and PPAR/RXR antagonism. INTERPRETATION Our observations in the HFD model, combined with the absence of lipogenesis and neutropenia in WT mice, support this novel approach to therapeutic development for T2D and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cutler T Lewandowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manel BenAissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martha Ackerman-Berrier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1295N. Martin, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1295N. Martin, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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7
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Ullah H, Ullah A, Gul A, Mousavi T, Khan MW. Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak: A comprehensive review of the current literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 22:106-113. [PMID: 33078061 PMCID: PMC7556786 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The spread of the virus was rapid and currently COVID-19 cases are present worldwide in 213 countries, area or territories. Researchers worldwide are working and sharing their contribution regarding epidemiology, prevention, treatment, clinical and diagnostic patterns of the COVID-19. Current review is another contribution to the current knowledge, presenting the data in organized and systematic format about the current pandemic of COVID-19. The epidemiological information presented in the paper is subject to change as new cases are diagnosed and status of active cases is updated on daily basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ullah
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - A Gul
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - T Mousavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M W Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Lewandowski CT, Khan MW, Karumudi B, Ben Aissa M, Lee SH, Ladu MJ, Layden BT, Thatcher GR. P1-087: DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL ABCA1 INDUCERS AS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE THERAPEUTICS. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- University of Illinois at Chicago; College of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - Bhargava Karumudi
- University of Illinois at Chicago; College of Pharmacy; Chicago IL USA
| | - Manel Ben Aissa
- University of Illinois at Chicago; College of Pharmacy; Chicago IL USA
| | - Sue H. Lee
- University of Illinois at Chicago; College of Pharmacy; Chicago IL USA
| | - Mary Jo Ladu
- University of Illinois at Chicago; College of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- University of Illinois at Chicago; College of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
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10
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Khan MW, Priyadarshini M, Cordoba-Chacon J, Becker TC, Layden BT. Hepatic hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1) improves whole body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in pregnant mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:678-687. [PMID: 30543855 PMCID: PMC6387585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase domain containing 1, a recently discovered putative fifth hexokinase, is hypothesized to play key roles in glucose metabolism. Specifically, during pregnancy in a recent genome wide association study (GWAS), a strong correlation between HKDC1 and 2-h plasma glucose in pregnant women from different ethnic backgrounds was shown. Our earlier work also reported diminished glucose tolerance during pregnancy in our whole body HKDC1 heterozygous mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that HKDC1 plays important roles in gestational metabolism, and designed this study to assess the role of hepatic HKDC1 in whole body glucose utilization and insulin action during pregnancy. We overexpressed human HKDC1 in mouse liver by injecting a human HKDC1 adenoviral construct; whereas, for the liver-specific HKDC1 knockout model, we used AAV-Cre constructs in our HKDC1fl/fl mice. Both groups of mice were subjected to metabolic testing before and during pregnancy on gestation day 17-18. Our results indicate that hepatic HKDC1 overexpression during pregnancy leads to improved whole-body glucose tolerance and enhanced hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity while hepatic HKDC1 knockout results in diminished glucose tolerance. Further, we observed reduced gluconeogenesis with hepatic HKDC1 overexpression while HKDC1 knockout led to increased gluconeogenesis. These changes were associated with significantly enhanced ketone body production in HKDC1 overexpressing mice, indicating that these mice shift their metabolic needs from glucose reliance to greater fat oxidation and ketone utilization during fasting. Taken together, our results indicate that hepatic HKDC1 contributes to whole body glucose disposal, insulin sensitivity, and aspects of nutrient balance during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas C Becker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Pusec CM, De Jesus A, Khan MW, Terry AR, Ludvik AE, Xu K, Giancola N, Pervaiz H, Daviau Smith E, Ding X, Harrison S, Chandel NS, Becker TC, Hay N, Ardehali H, Cordoba-Chacon J, Layden BT. Hepatic HKDC1 Expression Contributes to Liver Metabolism. Endocrinology 2019; 160:313-330. [PMID: 30517626 PMCID: PMC6334269 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GCK) is the principal hexokinase (HK) in the liver, operating as a glucose sensor to regulate glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis. Recently, we proposed HK domain-containing 1 (HKDC1) to be a fifth HK with expression in the liver. Here, we reveal HKDC1 to have low glucose-phosphorylating ability and demonstrate its association with the mitochondria in hepatocytes. As we have shown previously that genetic deletion of HKDC1 leads to altered hepatic triglyceride levels, we also explored the influence of overexpression of HKDC1 in hepatocytes on cellular metabolism, observing reduced glycolytic capacity and maximal mitochondrial respiration with concurrent reductions in glucose oxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, we found that acute in vivo overexpression of HKDC1 in the liver induced substantial changes in mitochondrial dynamics. Altogether, these findings suggest that overexpression of HKDC1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes. However, its overexpression was not enough to alter energy storage in the liver but led to mild improvement in glucose tolerance. We next investigated the conditions necessary to induce HKDC1 expression, observing HKDC1 expression to be elevated in human patients whose livers were at more advanced stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and similarly, found high liver expression in mice on diets causing high levels of liver inflammation and fibrosis. Overall, our data suggest that HKDC1 expression in hepatocytes results in defective mitochondrial function and altered hepatocellular metabolism and speculate that its expression in the liver may play a role in the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Pusec
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adam De Jesus
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexander R Terry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anton E Ludvik
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kai Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicholas Giancola
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haaris Pervaiz
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Xianzhong Ding
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | | | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas C Becker
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nissim Hay
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Khan MW, Ding X, Cotler SJ, Clarke M, Layden BT. Studies on the Tissue Localization of HKDC1, a Putative Novel Fifth Hexokinase, in Humans. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:385-392. [PMID: 29401404 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418756849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexokinase domain component 1 (HKDC1) is a recently discovered novel protein, which is being promoted as a putative fifth hexokinase. Although the exact role HKDC1 plays in physiology is still unclear, it has been shown to be important during pregnancy in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In this study, we have comprehensively studied the expression pattern of HKDC1 in the human body. Using human tissue sample, immunohistochemistry imaging was performed. Our studies indicate that the tissues with highest HKDC1 expression were the brush border epithelium of the intestines, parts of the pancreas, and lung alveolar macrophages. Future directions will be to understand the role of this fifth hexokinase in these tissues, with a focus on its relative function as compared with other endogenously expressed hexokinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xianzhong Ding
- Department of Pathology, Section of Hepatology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Scott J Cotler
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Michael Clarke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Basu M, Khan MW, Chakrabarti P, Das C. Chromatin reader ZMYND8 is a key target of all trans retinoic acid-mediated inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 2017; 1860:450-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Khan
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - P Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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15
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Khan MW, Priyamvada S, Khan SA, Khan S, Gangopadhyay A, Yusufi ANK. Fish/flaxseed oil protect against nitric oxide-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death in the rat liver. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:302-11. [PMID: 25964379 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115586207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is an antihypertensive drug with proven toxic effects attributed mainly to the production of nitric oxide (NO). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are widely regarded as functional foods and have been shown to ameliorate the harmful effects of many toxicants. This study examined whether feeding of fish oil (FO)/flaxseed oil (FXO) would have any protective effect against SNP-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death. Male Wistar rats were fed either on normal diet or with 15% FO/FXO for 15 days, following which SNP (1.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days. Animals were killed after treatment, and livers were collected for further analysis. We observed that SNP significantly elevated tissue nitrite levels and lipid peroxidation (LPO) with concomitant perturbation in antioxidant defense systems accompanied with dysregulated glucose metabolism and pronounced cellular death. FO/FXO supplementation to SNP-treated rats caused reversal of tissue injury/cell death and markedly decreased LPO and improved antioxidant defense systems. FO/FXO appear to protect against SNP-induced hepatotoxicity by improving energy metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Priyamvada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India SVKMs Mithibai College, Bhakti Vedanta Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Gangopadhyay
- Flow Cytometry Technician, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, BD FACS
| | - A N K Yusufi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Shahid F, Rizwan S, Khan MW, Khan SA, Naqshbandi A, Yusufi ANK. Studies on the effect of sodium arsenate on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane, and oxidative stress in the rat kidney. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 37:592-599. [PMID: 24562057 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental pollutant and its contamination in drinking water poses serious world wide environmental health threats. It produces multiple adverse effects in various tissues, including the kidney. However, biochemical mechanism and renal response to its toxic insult are not completely elucidated. We hypothesized that sodium arsenate (ARS) induces oxidative stress and alters the structure and metabolic functions of kidney. Male Wistar rats were administered ARS (10 mg/kg body weight/day), intraperitoneally daily for 10 days. ARS administration increased blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, and phospholipids but decreased inorganic phosphate, indicating kidney toxicity. The activity of brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes significantly lowered in both cortex and medulla. Activity of hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, and NADP-malic enzyme significantly increased whereas malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose 1,6 bis phosphatase decreased by ARS exposure. The activity of superoxide dismutase, GSH-peroxidase, and catalase were selectively altered in renal tissues along with an increase in lipid peroxidation. The present results indicated that ARS induced oxidative stress caused severe renal damage that resulted in altered levels of carbohydrate metabolism and BBM enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faaiza Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Sana Rizwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sara Anees Khan
- SVKMs Mithibai College, Bhakti Vedanta Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ashreeb Naqshbandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Ahad Noor Khan Yusufi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India.
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17
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Naqshbandi A, Rizwan S, Khan MW, Khan F. Dietary flaxseed oil supplementation ameliorates the effect of cisplatin on brush border membrane enzymes and antioxidant system in rat intestine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:385-94. [PMID: 22751286 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112438929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP; cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II) is a drug widely used against different types of solid tumors. Patients receiving CP, however, experience very profound and long lasting gastrointestinal symptoms. Recently, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched flaxseed/flaxseed oil (FXO) has shown numerous health benefits. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether FXO can prevent CP-induced adverse biochemical changes in the small intestine of rats. A single intraperitoneal dose of CP (6 mg/kg body weight) was administered to male Wistar rats fed with control diet (CP group) and FXO diet (CPFXO group). Administration of CP led to a significant decline in the specific activities of brush border membrane enzymes both in the mucosal homogenates and in the isolated membrane vesicles. Lipid peroxidation and total sulfhydryl groups were altered upon CP treatment, indicating the generation of oxidative stress. The activities of SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase also decreased in CP-treated rats. In contrast, dietary supplementation of FXO prior to and following CP treatment significantly attenuated the CP-induced changes in all these parameters. FXO feeding markedly enhanced resistance to CP-elicited adverse gastrointestinal effects. The results suggest that FXO owing to its intrinsic biochemical/antioxidant properties is an effective agent in reducing the adverse effects of CP on intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Naqshbandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Khan MW, Priyamvada S, Khan SA, Khan S, Naqshbandi A, Yusufi ANK. Protective effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on sodium nitroprusside-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:1035-49. [PMID: 22549094 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112444475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) a nitric oxide (NO) donor has proven toxic effects. Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) has been shown to reduce the severity of numerous ailments. Present study examined whether intake of fish oil (FO)/flaxseed oil (FXO, Omega Nutrition, St Vancouver, Canada) would have protective effect against SNP-induced toxicity. Male Wistar rats (150 ± 10 g) were used in this study. Initially animals were divided into two groups: one fed on normal diet and the other on 15% FO/FXO for 15 days. On the 16th day, SNP (1.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days daily. After 7 days animals were killed, kidneys were harvested for further analysis. SNP induced nephrotoxicity by increasing serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, SNP significantly decreased malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and malic enzyme but increased lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Brush border membrane enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and leucine amino peptidase were also decreased. The activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase decreased concomitantly with increased lipid peroxidation, indicating that the significant kidney damage has been inflicted by SNP. Feeding of FO and FXO with SNP ameliorated the changes in various parameters caused by SNP. The results of the present study suggest that ω-3 PUFA-enriched FO and FXO from seafoods and plant sources, respectively, are similarly effective in reducing SNP-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage. Thus, vegetarians who cannot consume FO can have similar health benefits from plant-derived ω-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India.
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19
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Khan MW, Priyamvada S, Khan SA, Khan S, Naqshbandi A, Yusufi ANK. Protective effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids onL-arginine-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:1022-34. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112440110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MW Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Priyamvada
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - SA Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Naqshbandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - ANK Yusufi
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Eshwarappa M, Dosegowda R, Aprameya IV, Khan MW, Kumar PS, Kempegowda P. Clinico-microbiological profile of urinary tract infection in south India. Indian J Nephrol 2011; 21:30-6. [PMID: 21655167 PMCID: PMC3109780 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.75226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of the organisms causing urinary tract infection is essential. This study was taken up to determine the presentation and risk factors associated with community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI). The distribution of bacterial strains isolated from these patients and their resistance pattern were also studied. This multidisciplinary prospective observational study was conducted in M. S. Ramaiah Hospital, Bangalore, between January and December, 2008. Patients who had CA-UTI confirmed by positive urine culture reports were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS version 16. Symptomatology and others risk factors for CA-UTI were studied in these patients and the causative organisms and their resistance patterns were recorded. Of the total 510 patients included, 57% belonged to the elderly age group (50–79 years). Fever and dysuria were the most common clinical presentation, but were not specific in predicting CA-UTI. Escherichia coli (66.9%) was the most common organism causing CA-UTIs with extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) resistance seen in nearly two-thirds of these cases (42.2%). The organisms recorded least resistance against carbapenems (3.9%). A high resistance rate was seen for fluoroquinolones (74.1%). In conclusion, a high rate of ESBL-positive organisms and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics brings a concern for future options in treating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eshwarappa
- Department of Nephro-Urology, M. S. Ramaiah Hospital, MSRIT Post, New BEL Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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21
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Khan MW, Aziz MM. Experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Mymensingh Med J 2010; 19:77-84. [PMID: 20046176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is accepted as the procedure of choice for gallstone diseases but like all other procedure it is also not free from unwanted events. In this study, the authors have analyzed their experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and its complications and their management. Amongst the total 4957 laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) performed by the authors between April 1995 to May 2005 the male, female ratio was 1:5.6 (744 and 4213). 15.33%(760) of LC were carried out for the patients with acute cholecystitis. The age ranged from 9 years to 98 years. Mean operating time was 37 minutes (7 m to 187 m). Average hospital stay was 2.23 days (20 h to 7d). Peri-cholecystic adhesions including cholecysto-enteric fistulae and acute inflammation were the main reason for difficult dissection. This could be anticipated from the history of recurrent attack, high fever, severe pain and thick walled gall bladder (GB) on ultrasonography (USG). The main per-operative problem the authors came across was hemorrhage 5.2%(258), iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder 15.12%(755) and common bile duct (CBD) injuries 0.12%(7). Conversion to open procedure was necessary in 0.68%(36) cases, most commonly due to obscure anatomy as a result of chronic inflammatory adhesions 0.56%(28), the other reasons for conversion were to deal with the CBD injury 0.04%(2), cholecysto-colic fistula 0.02%(1), unsuspected malignancy 0.06%(3) and uncontrolled bleeding 0.04%(2). The postoperative complications were port site infection and stitch granuloma 0.75%(37), bile leakage 0.08%(4), hemorrhage 0.06%(3), sub-hepatic abscess 0.02%(1), peritonitis due to gut perforation 0.04%(2) and retained bile duct stones 0.06%(3). Two deaths were due to septicemia resulting from gut perforation. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure in the hands of a surgeon with adequate exposure to open surgery and properly oriented in minimally invasive surgery. Complications can be reduced to minimum if meticulous principle of dissection is followed. The unwanted events can mostly be managed laparoscopically without conversion. But decision for conversion should be taken early if there is any confusion and thus mortality and morbidity could be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Khan
- Department of Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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22
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Priyamvada S, Khan SA, Khan MW, Khan S, Farooq N, Khan F, Yusufi ANK. Studies on the protective effect of dietary fish oil on uranyl-nitrate-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 82:35-44. [PMID: 19931439 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal exposure demonstrates that uranium is nephrotoxic. However, attempts to reduce it were not found suitable for clinical use. Dietary fish oil (FO) enriched in omega-3 fatty acids reduces the severity of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Present study investigates the protective effect of FO on uranyl nitrate (UN)-induced renal damage. Rats prefed with experimental diets for 15 days, given single nephrotoxic dose of UN (0.5mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. After 5d of UN treatment, serum/urine parameters, enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane (BBM), oxidative stress and phosphate transport were analyzed in rat kidney. UN nephrotoxicity was characterized by increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. UN increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme whereas decreased malate, isocitrate and glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenases; glucose-6-phophatase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase and BBM enzyme activities. UN caused oxidant/antioxidant imbalances as reflected by increased lipid peroxidation, activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and decreased catalase activity. Feeding FO alone increased activities of enzymes of glucose metabolism, BBM, oxidative stress and Pi transport. UN-elicited alterations were prevented by FO feeding. However, corn oil had no such effects and was not similarly effective. In conclusion, FO appears to protect against UN-induced nephrotoxicity by improving energy metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Priyamvada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
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Priyamvada S, Priyadarshini M, Arivarasu NA, Farooq N, Khan S, Khan SA, Khan MW, Yusufi ANK. Studies on the protective effect of dietary fish oil on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:369-81. [PMID: 18556188 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity limits its long-term clinical use. Several agents/strategies were attempted to prevent GM nephrotoxicity but were not found suitable for clinical practice. Dietary fish oil (FO) retard the progression of certain types of cancers, cardiovascular and renal disorders. We aimed to evaluate protective effect of FO on GM-induced renal proximal tubular damage. The rats were pre-fed experimental diets for 10 days and then received GM (80 mg/kg body weight/day) treatment for 10 days while still on diet. Serum/urine parameters, enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane (BBM), oxidative stress and phosphate transport in rat kidney were analyzed. GM nephrotoxicity was recorded by increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. GM increased the activities of lactate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases whereas decreased malate, isocitrate dehydrogenases; glucose-6 and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases; superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and BBM enzymes. In contrast, FO alone increased enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism, BBM and oxidative stress. FO feeding to GM treated rats markedly enhanced resistance to GM elicited deleterious effects and prevented GM-induced decrease in 32Pi uptake across BBM. Dietary FO supplementation ameliorated GM-induced specific metabolic alterations and oxidative damage due to its intrinsic biochemical/antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Priyamvada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
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Ullah MF, Khan MW. Food as medicine: potential therapeutic tendencies of plant derived polyphenolic compounds. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008; 9:187-195. [PMID: 18712957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a major drift in the interests of the scientific community towards explaining better means to containing the health risks of the human race. The century old chemotherapies against various disorders have never been a success, albeit not a total failure. Such therapies have a major drawback of side effects that give rise to unseen disorders that emerge as a new challenge. In this regard, the concept of foodstuffs as natural medicines is very attractive. Epidemiological studies suggest that the vegeteranian food habit is associated with reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Consistent with this hypothesis is the fact that the incidence of these disorders is least in Asian populations where fruits, vegetables and spices are the major elements in the human diet. Recent research has shown that plant-derived polyphenolic compounds are promising nutraceuticals for control of various disorders such as cardiovascular,neurological and neoplastic disease. The richness of the polyphenolic contents of green tea and red wine has made them popular choice for associated anticancer and cardiovascular health benefits. The present article is a brief review of the promises plant polyphenols, bioactive components of our food, hold for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fahad Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh -202002 Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Mukherjee AK, Guha S, Khan MW, Kundu NG, Helliwell M. Two (Z)-N-aryl-3-benzylideneisoindolin-1-ones. Acta Crystallogr C 2000; 56 ( Pt 1):85-7. [PMID: 10710680 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270199012445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/1999] [Accepted: 09/29/1999] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A K Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological and temperature changes of the apical portion of human extracted teeth treated by Nd: YAG, CO2 and Argon-lasers. Seventy-two single-rooted human teeth were studied. The root canals were prepared conventionally. Laser treatment of the apical portion of the canal was carried out by means of an optic fiber or metal tip. Temperatures were recorded thermographically. Two-thirds of the specimens were stained with black India ink and 36% silver ammonium fluoride solution. All specimens were irradiated by the three types of lasers at several intensities and the temperatures were recorded. Half of the specimens were prepared for the telescopic light microscope and for scanning electron microscopic observation, and the rest for histopathological examination by light microscope. The scanning electron microscopic evaluation showed that the laser energy vaporized the deposited debris, producing a glaze-like surface. The histopathological investigation revealed a tapered, enlarged apical lased area. All three laser devices were capable of vaporizing the debris in this way but the degree of morphological change was highly dependent on energy level and duration. The Argon-laser produced the highest temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Abstract
A gradual increase in fly ash concentrations in the normal field soil (0, 10, 20...100% volume/volume) increased the porosity, water holding capacity, pH, conductivity, C.E.C., sulphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B. Fly ash additions to soil caused significant reductions in nitrogen content, it being almost nil in 90 and 100%. Tomato plants grown in the ash-soil mixture showed luxuriant growth with bigger and greener leaves. Plant growth, yield, (flowering, fruiting, fruit weight/plant, mean fruit weight), carotenoids and chlorophylls were mostly enhanced in the treatments with 40-80% fly ash, being optimal at 50 or 60%. From 60 or 70% onwards, the measured parameters tended to reduce. At 100% fly ash, yield (weight of fruits/plant) was considerably reduced. The boron content of tomato leaves displayed a gradual increase with fly ash addition from 20% onwards, while response of foliar nitrogen was just the opposite. The most economic level of fly ash incorporation was 40%, which improved the yield and market value of tomato fruits (mean weight) by 81 and 30%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Khan
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Agriculture, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India
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Fairbairn JJ, Khan MW, Ward KJ, Loveridge BW, Fairbairn DW, O'Neill KL. Induction of apoptotic cell DNA fragmentation in human cells after treatment with hyperthermia. Cancer Lett 1995; 89:183-8. [PMID: 7889527 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)03668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The biological significance of apoptosis is becoming increasingly clear. Its relevance in tumor response to treatment as well as recent evidence for its important function as a regulating mechanism in tumorigenesis has also been demonstrated. One of the most prominent biological features of apoptosis is nucleosomal DNA fragmentation. In this communication, we present a study of DNA fragmentation in Raji cells which have been subjected to hyperthermia treatment to induce apoptosis. We found that the induction and onset of fragmentation is swift, and consistent with previous reports that fragmentation must be a rapid event.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Fairbairn
- Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Khan
- Research School of Biosciences, University, Canterbury, Kent
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Abstract
Intermittent exposure of tomato plants (cv. Pusa Ruby) to SO(2) at 286 microg m(-3) (3 h every heavy third day for 75 days) induced slight chlorosis of leaves. At 571 microg m(-3), considerable chlorosis with browning developed on the foliage. These symptoms were more pronounced and appeared earlier on SO(2)-exposed plants infected with Meloidogyne incognita race 1 (Mi), especially in post- and concomitant-inoculation exposures. Mi and/or SO(2) significantly reduced different parameters of plant growth. Synergistic (positive) interactions between SO(2) and Mi occurred in concomitant- and post-inoculation exposures at 286 and 571 microg m(-3), respectively. In other treatments, an antagonistic (negative) interaction was observed. However, in a few cases, additive effects of SO(2) and Mi were also recorded. Intensity of root-knot (galling) was enhanced at both concentrations of SO(2), while reproduction (egg mass production) of Mi was enhanced in concomitant-inoculation exposures at 286 microg m(-3) and inhibited at 571 micro m(-3). Exposure to SO(2) and/or Mi decreased the number and size of stomata but increased the number and length of trichomes on both the leaf surfaces. Stomatal aperture was significantly wider in the plants exposed to 571 microg SO(2) m(-3) alone and in pre-, post-, and concomitant-inoculation exposures at 286 or 571 microg m(-3). Stomatal aperture was directly related to foliar injury and reductions in growth, yield, and leaf pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Khan
- Environmental Pollution Research Unit, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, India
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Khan AA, Khan MW. Race Composition of Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria Populations in Vegetable Fields in Uttar Pradesh. J Nematol 1991; 23:615-619. [PMID: 19283172 PMCID: PMC2619219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 1,256 populations of Meloidogyne incognita and 442 populations of M. arenaria were collected from vegetables in eight districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. Host differentials were used to identify the host race of each population. All four host races of M. incognita were present in six of the eight districts. In the other two districts, only host races 1, 2, and 4 were found. Although frequencies of occurrence of the races differed among districts, races 1 and 2 comprised 62% of all M. incognita populations evaluated. Only host race 2 of M. arenaria was found in this survey, and this race was found in all eight districts. This is the first report of M. arenaria host race 2 from India.
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Khan AA, Khan MW. Response of Tomato Cultigens to Meloidogyne javanica and Races of Meloidogyne incognita. J Nematol 1991; 23:598-603. [PMID: 19283169 PMCID: PMC2619216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-six cultigens of tomato were evaluated for resistance against Meloidogyne javanica and four races of M. incognita with standards and parameters adopted by the International Meloidogyne Project. Most cultigens were susceptible to the nematodes, including some that were previously reported to be resistant to these nematodes. Ten accessions, namely Pusa-120, Calmart VFN, Panjab 6.NR-7, EC173898 (72T6), EC173897 (Cal-Mart), EC173896 (Kewalo), CLN363BCF-167-1-0, CLN363BCF-190-1-0, CLN363BCF-344-0-0, and CLN299BCF-4-1-4-1-1-0, were immune to all test nematodes. VFN-Bush and VFN-8 were resistant to all four races of M. incognita and immune to M. javanica. Three cultivars (Pant-T, Money Maker, and Pelican) exhibited a degree of race-specific resistance to M. incognita. Pant-T and Money Maker were hypersusceptible to race 1 and race 4 of M. incognita, respectively, but were susceptible to other races. Pelican was tolerant to M. incognita race 3 but resistant to the other races.
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Khan MW, Haider SR. Interaction of Meloidogyne javanica with Different Races of Meloidogyne incognita. J Nematol 1991; 23:298-305. [PMID: 19283130 PMCID: PMC2619169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interspecific interactions of Meloidogyne javanica with races 1, 2, 3, and 4 of M. incognita on tomato were determined. Impacts of the interactions on fecundity and morphometrics of females were also examined. Mutually inhibitory interactions occurred between M. javanica and the races of M. incognita, but the negative interactions did not reflect in plant growth. Numbers of root galls, egg masses, mature females, total population, fecundity, and reproduction factor declined in concomitant treatments, but the morphometrics of the females remained unaltered. In general, mutual suppressive effects in all parameters were smaller for M. javanica than M. incognita, but some variations occurred among the races of M. incognita. Race 2 appeared to be more competitive than other races. The interaction between the species was not intense; therefore, the species coexist in mixed populations in agricultural fields.
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Khan MW, Kulshrestha M. Impact of sulphur dioxide exposure on conidial germination of powdery mildew fungi. Environ Pollut 1991; 70:81-88. [PMID: 15092148 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90133-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/1990] [Revised: 06/17/1990] [Accepted: 10/08/1990] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sulphur dioxide, in two different concentrations (286 microg m(-3) and 571 microg m(-3)) for various exposure periods, on conidial germination of some powdery mildew fungi was investigated in artificial treatment conditions. SO(2) in general was inhibitory for conidial germination of all the studied powdery mildew fungi and the species did not differ much from each other in their sensitivity to SO(2). The per cent conidial germination was increasingly inhibited with an increase in the concentration of SO(2). The concentration of SO(2) and the exposure period were important determinants of the inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Khan
- Agriculture Centre, Plant Pathology and Plant Nematology Laboratories, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
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Kilbourne ED, Cerini CP, Khan MW, Mitchell JW, Ogra PL. Immunologic response to the influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. I. Studies in human vaccinees. J Immunol 1987; 138:3010-3. [PMID: 3571981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of an earlier study of H3N2 and H7N2 inactivated influenza vaccines in schoolchildren demonstrated a greater viral neuraminidase (NA) immunogenicity of the vaccine containing the H7 hemagglutinin (HA) antigen to which they had not been primed, despite the lesser NA antigen content of that vaccine. Thus, prior experience with the influenza viral HA appeared to have a negative influence on immune response to NA, the associated external glycoprotein, presumably on the basis of intermolecular antigenic competition. In a second study, sequential immunologic response to influenza viral NA was compared in college students who were immunized with either conventional commercial vaccine or an antigenic reassortant H7N1 vaccine, and who subsequently experienced natural infection with an H1N1 influenza virus. Although both vaccines were only marginally immunogenic in inducing NA antibody response in seronegative subjects, in vaccinees initially seropositive for HA antibody significant NA antibody titer increases occurred with H7N1 vaccine. Subsequent natural infection boosted NA antibody less effectively in the population previously primed by natural infection than in initially seronegative subjects primed by H7N1 vaccination. It is suggested that primary immunization monospecific for influenza viral NA may alter the subsequent pattern of immune response to one more favorable to the induction of NA antibody when virus is encountered.
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Kilbourne ED, Cerini CP, Khan MW, Mitchell JW, Ogra PL. Immunologic response to the influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. I. Studies in human vaccinees. The Journal of Immunology 1987. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.138.9.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Analysis of an earlier study of H3N2 and H7N2 inactivated influenza vaccines in schoolchildren demonstrated a greater viral neuraminidase (NA) immunogenicity of the vaccine containing the H7 hemagglutinin (HA) antigen to which they had not been primed, despite the lesser NA antigen content of that vaccine. Thus, prior experience with the influenza viral HA appeared to have a negative influence on immune response to NA, the associated external glycoprotein, presumably on the basis of intermolecular antigenic competition. In a second study, sequential immunologic response to influenza viral NA was compared in college students who were immunized with either conventional commercial vaccine or an antigenic reassortant H7N1 vaccine, and who subsequently experienced natural infection with an H1N1 influenza virus. Although both vaccines were only marginally immunogenic in inducing NA antibody response in seronegative subjects, in vaccinees initially seropositive for HA antibody significant NA antibody titer increases occurred with H7N1 vaccine. Subsequent natural infection boosted NA antibody less effectively in the population previously primed by natural infection than in initially seronegative subjects primed by H7N1 vaccination. It is suggested that primary immunization monospecific for influenza viral NA may alter the subsequent pattern of immune response to one more favorable to the induction of NA antibody when virus is encountered.
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Bucher DJ, Kharitonenkov IG, Khan MW, Palo A, Holloway D, Mikhail A. Detection of influenza viruses through selective adsorption and detection of the M-protein antigen. J Immunol Methods 1987; 96:77-85. [PMID: 3027185 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A model system has been developed which permits rapid detection of influenza viruses through targeting of the M (membrane or matrix)-protein; a type-specific antigen, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. This technique exploits the hydrophobic properties of M-protein; the M-protein is selectively and rapidly adsorbed to polystyrene surfaces even in the presence of a 5000-fold excess of bovine serum albumin. Hyperimmune antiserum prepared to purified M-protein is used as the detecting reagent. All type A influenza viruses could be detected by this technique, type B influenza viruses reacted to a slight extent and Sendai virus (parainfluenza virus, type 1) did not react. Virus could be detected to levels as low as 3 ng. Purification of M-protein and preparation of hyperimmune sera from other related virus groups, such as type B influenza viruses, paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses should permit detection of these agents by a similar technique.
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Khan MW, Bucher DJ, Koul AK, Kalish G, Smith H, Kilbourne ED. Detection of antibodies to influenza virus M protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 16:813-20. [PMID: 6759527 PMCID: PMC272482 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.16.5.813-820.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test system was developed in which purified influenza virus M protein was used for the detection of M antibody in human sera. Antibody levels to influenza A virus M protein were monitored in sera from a vaccine study population by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique with purified M protein as the adsorbent antigen. A 10-fold variation in titers of preexisting M antibody was observed in this population of young adults. Increases of anti-M titer of 7- to 24-fold were observed upon immunization with Formalin-inactivated vaccine or after natural infection. The antibody response to M protein was dissociated from the response to the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase antigens. The M antibody response preceded or was coincident with the antibody response to H1 hemagglutinin upon natural exposure to circulating virus.
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Khan MW, Gallagher M, Bucher D, Cerini CP, Kilbourne ED. Detection of influenza virus neuraminidase-specific antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 16:115-22. [PMID: 7107850 PMCID: PMC272306 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.16.1.115-122.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the titration of antibodies in human sera to influenza virus neuraminidase, employing partially purified N1 neuraminidase. Specificity of the test was demonstrated, and the test was more sensitive than either the conventional neuraminidase inhibition or plaque size reduction tests in detecting anti-neuraminidase antibody.
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Khan MW, Ross RF. Antigenic type-specificity of swine isolates of Streptococcus equisimilis. Can J Comp Med 1972; 36:256-60. [PMID: 4114978 PMCID: PMC1319678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isolates of a Lancefield Group C organism, Streptococcus equisimilis, of sow reproductive tract and young swine joint origin were found to possess type-specific antigens. Capillary precipitin and immunodiffusion tests, done with acid extracts and cross-absorbed rabbit antisera, revealed four serotypes among 62 of 64 isolates. Extracts of two swine isolates of S. equisimilis and other Lancefield Group C strains including S. equi, S. zooepidemicus and three previously established types of S. equisimilis of human origin did not react with any of the four type-specific sera. Antigens responsible for type-specificity were heat-stable and sensitive to trypsin.
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Winther JE, Khan MW. Cleidocranial dysostosis: report of 4 cases. Dent Pract Dent Rec 1972; 22:215-9. [PMID: 4502590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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