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Knecht CA, Krüger M, Kellmann S, Mäusezahl I, Möder M, Adelowo OO, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, Nivala J, Müller JA. Cellular stress affects the fate of microbial resistance to folate inhibitors in treatment wetlands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 845:157318. [PMID: 35839882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The environmental prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has come into focus under the One Health concept. Wastewater treatment systems are among the significant sources of AMR in the environment. In such systems, it is uncertain to which extent antimicrobials present at sub-inhibitory concentrations constitute a selective pressure for bacterial maintenance and acquisition of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. Here, we mapped AMR to inhibitors of folate biosynthesis in an aerated and a non-aerated horizontal subsurface flow treatment wetland receiving the same pre-treated municipal wastewater. General water characteristics and the concentrations of folate inhibitors were determined to define the ambient conditions over the longitudinal axis of the two treatment wetlands. Profiling of AMR as well as class 1 integrons, a carrier of AR genes against folate inhibitors and other antimicrobials, was conducted by cultivation-dependent and -independent methods. The wetlands achieved mean reductions of AR gene copy numbers in the effluents of at least 2 log, with the aerated system performing better. The folate inhibitors had no noticeable effect on the prevalence of respective AR genes. However, there was a transient increase of AR gene copy numbers and AR gene cassette composition in class 1 integrons in the aerated wetland. The comparison of all data from both wetlands suggests that higher levels of cellular stress in the aerated system promoted the mobility of AR genes via enhancing the activity of the DNA recombinase of the class 1 integron. The findings highlight that environmental conditions that modulate the activity of this genetic element can be more important for the fate of associated AR genes in treatment wetlands than the ambient concentration of the respective antimicrobial agents. By extrapolation, the results suggest that cellular stress also contributes to the mobility of AR gene in other wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Knecht
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, FVST Chair Environmental Technology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krüger
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Simon Kellmann
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Mäusezahl
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monika Möder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olawale O Adelowo
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jaime Nivala
- Environmental and Biotechnology Centre (UBZ), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany; Research Unit REVERSAAL, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jochen A Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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2
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Halbach K, Möder M, Schrader S, Liebmann L, Schäfer RB, Schneeweiss A, Schreiner VC, Vormeier P, Weisner O, Liess M, Reemtsma T. Small streams-large concentrations? Pesticide monitoring in small agricultural streams in Germany during dry weather and rainfall. Water Res 2021; 203:117535. [PMID: 34403843 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the exposure of small streams (< 30 km2 catchment size) to agriculturally used pesticides, compared to large rivers. A total of 105 sites in 103 small agricultural streams were investigated for 76 pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides) and 32 pesticide metabolites in spring and summer over two years (2018 and 2019) during dry weather and rainfall using event-driven sampling. The median total concentration of the 76 pesticides was 0.18 µg/L, with 9 pesticides per sample on average (n = 815). This is significantly higher than monitoring data for larger streams, reflecting the close proximity to agricultural fields and the limited dilution by non-agricultural waters. The frequency of detection of all pesticides correlated with sales quantity and half-lives in water. Terbuthylazine, MCPA, boscalid, and tebuconazole showed the highest median concentrations. The median of the total concentration of the 32 metabolites exceeded the pesticide concentration by more than an order of magnitude. During dry weather, the median total concentration of the 76 pesticides was 0.07 µg/L, with 5 pesticides per sample on average. Rainfall events increased the median total pesticide concentration by a factor of 10 (to 0.7 µg/L), and the average number of pesticides per sample to 14 (with up to 41 in single samples). The concentration increase was particularly strong for 2,4-D, MCPA, terbuthylazine, and nicosulfuron (75 percentile). Metabolite concentrations were generally less responsive to rainfall, except for those of terbuthylazine, flufenacet, metamitron, and prothioconazole. The frequent and widespread exceedance of the regulatory acceptable concentrations (RAC) of the 76 pesticides during both, dry weather and rainfall, suggests that current plant protection product authorization and risk mitigation methods are not sufficient to protect small streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Halbach
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Monika Möder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Steffi Schrader
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Liana Liebmann
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Philipp Vormeier
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Weisner
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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3
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Liess M, Liebmann L, Vormeier P, Weisner O, Altenburger R, Borchardt D, Brack W, Chatzinotas A, Escher B, Foit K, Gunold R, Henz S, Hitzfeld KL, Schmitt-Jansen M, Kamjunke N, Kaske O, Knillmann S, Krauss M, Küster E, Link M, Lück M, Möder M, Müller A, Paschke A, Schäfer RB, Schneeweiss A, Schreiner VC, Schulze T, Schüürmann G, von Tümpling W, Weitere M, Wogram J, Reemtsma T. Pesticides are the dominant stressors for vulnerable insects in lowland streams. Water Res 2021; 201:117262. [PMID: 34118650 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite elaborate regulation of agricultural pesticides, their occurrence in non-target areas has been linked to adverse ecological effects on insects in several field investigations. Their quantitative role in contributing to the biodiversity crisis is, however, still not known. In a large-scale study across 101 sites of small lowland streams in Central Europe, Germany we revealed that 83% of agricultural streams did not meet the pesticide-related ecological targets. For the first time we identified that agricultural nonpoint-source pesticide pollution was the major driver in reducing vulnerable insect populations in aquatic invertebrate communities, exceeding the relevance of other anthropogenic stressors such as poor hydro-morphological structure and nutrients. We identified that the current authorisation of pesticides, which aims to prevent unacceptable adverse effects, underestimates the actual ecological risk as (i) measured pesticide concentrations exceeded current regulatory acceptable concentrations in 81% of the agricultural streams investigated, (ii) for several pesticides the inertia of the authorisation process impedes the incorporation of new scientific knowledge and (iii) existing thresholds of invertebrate toxicity drivers are not protective by a factor of 5.3 to 40. To provide adequate environmental quality objectives, the authorisation process needs to include monitoring-derived information on pesticide effects at the ecosystem level. Here, we derive such thresholds that ensure a protection of the invertebrate stream community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liess
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Liana Liebmann
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology (E3T), Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Vormeier
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Weisner
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Department Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Escher
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaarina Foit
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- Department Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Henz
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Kamjunke
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaske
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saskia Knillmann
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eberhard Küster
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Link
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Maren Lück
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monika Möder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Müller
- Federal Environmental Agency UBA, Dessau, UFZ, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf von Tümpling
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörn Wogram
- Federal Environmental Agency UBA, Dessau, UFZ, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Zarejousheghani M, Schrader S, Möder M, Mayer T, Borsdorf H. Negative electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry combined with paper-based molecular imprinted polymer disks: A novel approach for rapid target screening of trace organic compounds in water samples. Talanta 2018; 190:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arukwe A, Carteny CC, Eggen T, Möder M. Novel aspects of uptake patterns, metabolite formation and toxicological responses in Salmon exposed to the organophosphate esters-Tris(2-butoxyethyl)- and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 196:146-153. [PMID: 29407800 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the compound differences between tris(2-butoxyethyl)- and tris(2-cloroethyl) phosphate (TBOEP and TCEP, respectively), we hypothesized that exposure of juvenile salmon to TBOEP and TCEP will produce compound-specific differences in uptake and bioaccumulation patterns, resulting in potential formation of OH-metabolites. Juvenile salmon were exposed to waterborne TCEP or TBOEP (0.04, 0.2 and 1 mg/L) for 7 days. The muscle accumulation was measured and bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated, showing that TCEP was less accumulative and resistant to metabolism in salmon than TBOEP. Metabolite formations were only detected in TBOEP-exposed fish, showing seven phase I biotransformation metabolites with hydroxylation, ether cleavage or combination of both reactions as important metabolic pathways. In vitro incubation of trout S9 liver fraction with TBOEP was performed showing that the generated metabolite patterns were similar to those found in muscle tissue exposed in vivo. However, another OH-TBOEP isomer and an unidentified metabolite not present in in vivo exposure were observed with the trout S9 incubation. Overall, some of the observed metabolic products were similar to those in a previous in vitro report using human liver microsomes and some metabolites were identified for the first time in the present study. Toxicological analysis indicated that TBOEP produced less effect, although it was taken up faster and accumulated more in fish muscle than TCEP. TCEP produced more severe toxicological responses in multiple fish organs. However, liver biotransformation responses did not parallel the metabolite formation observed in TBOEP-exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Camilla Catarci Carteny
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Eggen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Monika Möder
- Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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Mijangos L, Ziarrusta H, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Möder M, Etxebarria N, Prieto A. Simultaneous determination of 41 multiclass organic pollutants in environmental waters by means of polyethersulfone microextraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:615-632. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zarejousheghani M, Schrader S, Möder M, Schmidt M, Borsdorf H. A new strategy for accelerated extraction of target compounds using molecularly imprinted polymer particles embedded in a paper-based disk. J Mol Recognit 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mashaalah Zarejousheghani
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies; Leipzig Germany
| | - Steffi Schrader
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Leipzig Germany
| | - Monika Möder
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy; Leipzig Germany
| | - Helko Borsdorf
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies; Leipzig Germany
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8
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Arukwe A, Carteny CC, Möder M, Bonini A, Maubach MA, Eggen T. Differential modulation of neuro- and interrenal steroidogenesis of juvenile salmon by the organophosphates - tris(2-butoxyethyl)- and tris(2-cloroethyl) phosphate. Environ Res 2016; 148:63-71. [PMID: 27019041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Following the ban of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) flame retardants under well-documented toxicity issues, organophosphate such as tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and tris(2-cloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were considered as potential substitutes. Although TBOEP and TCEP are consistently detected in the aquatic environment, there are few data about the possible toxicological effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms, including fish. In the present study, we have investigated the influence of TBOEP and TCEP on neuro- and interrenal steroidogenesis of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), after a seven-day exposure to four different concentrations (0 (control), 0.04, 0.2 and 1mg/L) of each compound. TBOEP and TCEP were diluted in Milli-Q water. The expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis (StAR, cyp19a, cyp19b, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-hsd), and 11β-hydroxylase (cyp11β)), were analyzed in the brain and head kidney using real-time PCR. Plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) analysis was performed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Our results showed that TBOEP accumulated more rapidly than TCEP in fish muscle tissue. Surprisingly, TBOEP produced less pronounced effects than TCEP on neural and interrenal steroidogenic responses, despite the observed rapid uptake and bioaccumulation pattern. Specifically, TBOEP produced significant and consistent concentration-specific alterations on neural- and interrenal steroidogenesis. Plasma levels of 11-KT were not significantly altered by any of the exposures. The increased expression of steroidogenic genes demonstrated in the present study could produce time-specific alterations in the production of glucocorticoids and steroid hormones that play integral roles in fish metabolism, stress responses and adaptation, sexual maturation, reproduction and migration with overt consequences on reproductive success and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Camilla Catarci Carteny
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monika Möder
- Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alberto Bonini
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Andre Maubach
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Eggen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Postveien 213, N-4353 Klepp st., Norway
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Münze R, Orlinskiy P, Gunold R, Paschke A, Kaske O, Beketov MA, Hundt M, Bauer C, Schüürmann G, Möder M, Liess M. Pesticide impact on aquatic invertebrates identified with Chemcatcher® passive samplers and the SPEAR(pesticides) index. Sci Total Environ 2015; 537:69-80. [PMID: 26282741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides negatively affect biodiversity and ecosystem function in aquatic environments. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pesticides on stream macroinvertebrates at 19 sites in a rural area dominated by forest cover and arable land in Central Germany. Pesticide exposure was quantified with Chemcatcher® passive samplers equipped with a diffusion-limiting membrane. Ecological effects on macroinvertebrate communities and on the ecosystem function detritus breakdown were identified using the indicator system SPEARpesticides and the leaf litter degradation rates, respectively. A decrease in the abundance of pesticide-vulnerable taxa and a reduction in leaf litter decomposition rates were observed at sites contaminated with the banned insecticide Carbofuran (Toxic Units≥-2.8), confirming the effect thresholds from previous studies. The results show that Chemcatcher® passive samplers with a diffusion-limiting membrane reliably detect ecologically relevant pesticide pollution, and we suggest Chemcatcher® passive samplers and SPEARpesticides as a promising combination to assess pesticide exposure and effects in rivers and streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Münze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Polina Orlinskiy
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioenergy, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaske
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikhail A Beketov
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Hundt
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Coretta Bauer
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Monika Möder
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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10
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Zarejousheghani M, Schrader S, Möder M, Lorenz P, Borsdorf H. Ion-exchange molecularly imprinted polymer for the extraction of negatively charged acesulfame from wastewater samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1411:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Zarejousheghani M, Fiedler P, Möder M, Borsdorf H. Selective mixed-bed solid phase extraction of atrazine herbicide from environmental water samples using molecularly imprinted polymer. Talanta 2014; 129:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Prieto A, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Cela R, Möder M, Rodríguez I. Evaluation of polyethersulfone performance for the microextraction of polar chlorinated herbicides from environmental water samples. Talanta 2014; 122:264-71. [PMID: 24720994 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the suitability of bulk polyethersulfone (PES) for sorptive microextraction of eight polar, chlorinated phenoxy acids and dicamba from environmental water samples is assessed and the analytical features of the optimized method are compared to those reported for other microextraction techniques. Under optimized conditions, extractions were performed with samples (18 mL) adjusted at pH 2 and containing a 30% (w/v) of sodium chloride, using a tubular PES sorbent (1 cm length × 0.7 mm o.d., sorbent volume 8 µL). Equilibrium conditions were achieved after 3h of direct sampling, with absolute extraction efficiencies ranging from 39 to 66%, depending on the compound. Analytes were recovered soaking the polymer with 0.1 mL of ethyl acetate, derivatized and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Achieved quantification limits (LOQs) varied between 0.005 and 0.073 ng mL(-1). After normalization with the internal surrogate (IS), the efficiency of the extraction was only moderately affected by the particular characteristics of different water samples (surface and sewage water); thus, pseudo-external calibration, using spiked ultrapure water solutions, can be used as quantification technique. The reduced cost of the PES polymer allowed considering it as a disposable sorbent, avoiding variations in the performance of the extraction due to cross-contamination problems and/or surface modification with usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P.K. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Cela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Monika Möder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isaac Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Arukwe A, Eggen T, Möder M. Solid waste deposits as a significant source of contaminants of emerging concern to the aquatic and terrestrial environments - a developing country case study from Owerri, Nigeria. Sci Total Environ 2012; 438:94-102. [PMID: 22975307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In developing countries, there are needs for scientific basis to sensitize communities on the problems arising from improper solid waste deposition and the acute and long-term consequences for areas receiving immobilized pollutants. In Nigeria, as in many other African countries, solid waste disposal by way of open dumping has been the only management option for such wastes. Herein, we have highlighted the challenges of solid waste deposit and management in developing countries, focusing on contaminants of emerging concern and leaching into the environment. We have analyzed sediments and run-off water samples from a solid waste dumping site in Owerri, Nigeria for organic load and compared these with data from representative world cities. Learning from previous incidents, we intend to introduce some perspective for awareness of contaminants of emerging concerns such as those with potential endocrine disrupting activities in wildlife and humans. Qualitative and quantitative data obtained by gas chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS) provide an overview on lipophilic and semi-polar substances released from solid waste, accumulated in sediments and transported via leachates. The chromatograms of the full scan analyses of the sediment extracts clearly point to contamination related to heavy oil. The homologous series of n-alkanes with chain lengths ranging between C16 and C30, as well as detected polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds such as anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene support the assumption that diesel fuel or high boiling fractions of oil are deposited on the site. Targeted quantitative analysis for selected compounds showed high concentration of substances typically released from man-made products such as plastics, textiles, household and consumer products. Phthalate, an integral component of plastic products, was the dominant compound group in all sediment samples and run-off water samples. Technical nonylphenols (mixture of isomers), metabolites of non-ionic surfactants (nonylphenol-polyethoxylates), UV-filter compound ethyl methoxy cinnamate (EHMC) and bisphenol A (BPA) were particularly determined in the sediment samples at high μg/kg dry weight concentration. Measuring contaminants in such areas will help in increasing governmental, societal and industrial awareness on the extent and seriousness of the contamination both at waste disposal sites and surrounding terrestrial and aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Schillinger E, Möder M, Olsson GD, Nicholls IA, Sellergren B. An Artificial Estrogen Receptor through Combinatorial Imprinting. Chemistry 2012; 18:14773-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Arroyo-Abad U, Mattusch J, Möder M, Elizalde-González MP, Matysik FM. Identification of degradation products of phenylarsonic acid and o-arsanilic acid in contact with suspensions of soils of volcanic origin. Talanta 2012; 99:310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Coors A, Dobrick J, Möder M, Kehrer A. Mixture toxicity of wood preservative products in the fish embryo toxicity test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2012; 31:1239-1248. [PMID: 22488763 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Wood preservative products are used globally to protect wood from fungal decay and insects. We investigated the aquatic toxicity of five commercial wood preservative products, the biocidal active substances and some formulation additives contained therein, as well as six generic binary mixtures of the active substances in the fish embryo toxicity test (FET). Median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the single substances, the mixtures, and the products were estimated from concentration-response curves and corrected for concentrations measured in the test medium. The comparison of the experimentally observed mixture toxicity with the toxicity predicted by the concept of concentration addition (CA) showed less than twofold deviation for all binary mixtures of the active substances and for three of the biocidal products. A more than 60-fold underestimation of the toxicity of the fourth product by the CA prediction was detected and could be explained fully by the toxicity of one formulation additive, which had been labeled as a hazardous substance. The reason for the 4.6-fold underestimation of toxicity of the fifth product could not be explained unambiguously. Overall, the FET was found to be a suitable screening tool to verify whether the toxicity of formulated wood preservatives can reliably be predicted by CA. Applied as a quick and simple nonanimal screening test, the FET may support approaches of applying component-based mixture toxicity predictions within the environmental risk assessment of biocidal products, which is required according to European regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Coors
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim/Main, Germany.
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Prieto A, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Rodríguez I, Cela R, Möder M. Evaluation of low-cost disposable polymeric materials for sorptive extraction of organic pollutants in water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 716:119-27. [PMID: 22284886 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The capabilities of four commercially available and low cost polymeric materials for the extraction of polar and non-polar contaminants (logK(ow)=-0.07-6.88, from caffeine to octocrylene, respectively) from water samples was compared. Tested sorbents were polyethersulphone, polypropylene and Kevlar, compared to polydimethylsiloxane as reference material. Parameters that affect the extraction process such as pH and ionic strength of the sample, extraction time and desorption conditions were thoroughly investigated. A set of experimental partition coefficients (K(pw)), at two different experimental conditions, was estimated for the best suited materials and compared with the theoretical octanol-water (K(ow)) partition coefficients of the analytes. Polyethersulphone displayed the largest extraction yields for both polar and non-polar analytes, with higher K(pw) and lower matrix effects than polydimethylsiloxane and polypropylene. Thus, a sorptive microextraction method, followed by large volume injection (LVI) gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), was proposed using the former sorbent (2 mg) for the simultaneous determination of model compounds in water samples. Good linearity (>0.99) was obtained for most of the analytes, except in the case of 4-nonylphenol (0.9466). Precision (n=4) at 50 and 500 ng L(-1) levels was in the 2-24% and limits of detection (LODs) were in the 0.6-25 ng L(-1) range for all the analytes studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
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Prieto A, Möder M, Rodil R, Adrian L, Marco-Urrea E. Degradation of the antibiotics norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin by a white-rot fungus and identification of degradation products. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:10987-10995. [PMID: 21937221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
More than 90% of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) and norfloxacin (NOR) at 2 mg L(-1) were degraded by Trametes versicolor after 7 days of incubation in malt extract liquid medium. In in vitro assays with purified laccase (16.7 nkat mL(-1)), an extracellular enzyme excreted constitutively by this fungus, 16% of CIPRO was removed after 20 h. The addition of the laccase mediator 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt led to 97.7% and 33.7% degradation of CIPRO and NOR, respectively. Inhibition of CIPRO and NOR degradation by the cytochrome P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole suggests that the P450 system also plays a role in the degradation of the two antibiotics. Transformation products of CIPRO and NOR were monitored at different incubation times by triple-quadrupole and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and can be assigned to three different reaction pathways: (i) oxidation of the piperazinyl substituent, (ii) monohydroxylation, and (iii) formation of dimeric products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P.K. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Prieto A, Vallejo A, Zuloaga O, Paschke A, Sellergen B, Schillinger E, Schrader S, Möder M. Selective determination of estrogenic compounds in water by microextraction by packed sorbents and a molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with large volume injection-in-port-derivatization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 703:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Ferreira AMC, Möder M, Laespada MF. Stir bar sorptive extraction of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan from soil, sediment and sludge with in situ derivatization and determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3837-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arroyo-Abad U, Mattusch J, Mothes S, Möder M, Wennrich R, Elizalde-González MP, Matysik FM. Detection of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons in canned cod liver tissue. Talanta 2010; 82:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Musolff A, Leschik S, Möder M, Strauch G, Reinstorf F, Schirmer M. Temporal and spatial patterns of micropollutants in urban receiving waters. Environ Pollut 2009; 157:3069-3077. [PMID: 19525045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Based on a monitoring program over the course of a year, we characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of selected micropollutants in an urban watershed within the city of Leipzig, Germany. Micropollutants revealed a ubiquitous presence in untreated and treated wastewater, surface water and groundwater. The loads of 4-nonylphenol in the effluents of the municipal wastewater treatment plant followed a seasonal trend, whereas the loads of all other micropollutants were highly variable and not correlated to seasons. In the surface water, load seasonality of caffeine, galaxolide and tonalide resulted from a rapid removal with increased water temperature. The loads of 4-nonylphenol and of caffeine in the colder months increased when rainfall occurred. In the groundwater, complex spatial and temporal patterns were apparent and were related to varying input, retardation and removal processes. As a consequence, an assessment of micropollutants in urban waters should consider different micropollutants' temporal and spatial variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Musolff
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Hydrogeology, Leipzig, Germany.
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Cajthaml T, Kresinová Z, Svobodová K, Möder M. Biodegradation of endocrine-disrupting compounds and suppression of estrogenic activity by ligninolytic fungi. Chemosphere 2009; 75:745-50. [PMID: 19243809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) represent a large group of substances of natural and anthropogenic origin. They are widely distributed in the environment and can pose serious risks to aquatic organisms and to public health. In this study, 4-n-nonylphenol, technical 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, and triclosan were biodegraded by eight ligninolytic fungal strains (Irpex lacteus 617/93, Bjerkandera adusta 606/93, Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME 446, Phanerochaete magnoliae CCBAS 134/I, Pleurotus ostreatus 3004 CCBAS 278, Trametes versicolor 167/93, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus CCBAS 595, Dichomitus squalens CCBAS 750). The results show that under the used conditions the fungi were able to degrade the EDCs within 14d of cultivation with exception of B. adusta and P. chrysosporium in the case of triclosane and bisphenol A, respectively. I. lacteus and P. ostreatus were found to be most efficient EDC degraders with their degradation efficiency exceeding 90% or 80%, respectively, in 7d. Both fungi degraded technical 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol-A, and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol below the detection limit within first 3d of cultivation. In general, estrogenic activities assayed with a recombinant yeast test decreased with advanced degradation. However, in case of I. lacteus, P. ostreatus, and P. chrysosporium the yeast assay showed a residual estrogenic activity (28-85% of initial) in 17alpha-ethinylestradiol cultures. Estrogenic activity in B. adusta cultures temporally increased during degradation of technical 4-nonylphenol, suggesting a production of endocrine-active intermediates. Attention was paid also to the effects of EDCs on the ligninolytic enzyme activities of the different fungi strains to evaluate their possible stimulation or suppression of activities during the biodegradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cajthaml
- Division of Ecology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Reinstorf F, Strauch G, Schirmer K, Gläser HR, Möder M, Wennrich R, Osenbrück K, Schirmer M. Mass fluxes and spatial trends of xenobiotics in the waters of the city of Halle, Germany. Environ Pollut 2008; 152:452-60. [PMID: 17854960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The behaviour and the effects of xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals and fragrances in the environment are widely unknown. In order to improve our knowledge, field investigations and modelling approaches for the entire area of the city of Halle/Saale, Germany, were performed. The distribution of the concentration values and mass fluxes are exemplified using indicators such as Bisphenol A, t-Nonylphenol, Carbamacepine, Galaxolide, Tonalide, Gadolinium and isotopes. Concentrations at a magnitude of ng/L to microg/L were found ubiquitously in the ground and surface waters. Using the concentration values, the impact of the city concerning the indicators was not always evident. Only the assessment of the mass fluxes shows significant urban impacts along the city passage. The calculation of the mass fluxes shows increasing values for all investigated xenobiotics during the city passage; only Bisphenol A stagnates. A balance model of water and indicator mass fluxes was built up for the entire city area.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Reinstorf
- Department of Hydrogeology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Osenbrück K, Gläser HR, Knöller K, Weise SM, Möder M, Wennrich R, Schirmer M, Reinstorf F, Busch W, Strauch G. Sources and transport of selected organic micropollutants in urban groundwater underlying the city of Halle (Saale), Germany. Water Res 2007; 41:3259-70. [PMID: 17575997 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used isotopic (delta18O, delta2H, delta34S-SO4) and chemical tracers (boron) to assess the sources and transport processes of the micropollutants carbamazepine, galaxolide, and bisphenol A in groundwater underlying the city of Halle (Saale), Germany. Their ubiquitous presence in urban groundwater results from a combination of local river water infiltration, sewer exfiltration, and urban stormwater recharge. Attenuation during transport with infiltrating river water increased from carbamazepine (0-60%) to galaxolide (60-80%) in accordance with their increasing sorption affinity and decreasing recalcitrance against biodegradation. Distinctly higher attenuation during transport was found for carbamazepine (85-100%) and galaxolide (95-100%) if micropollutants originated from sewer exfiltration. Most likely, this is related to higher contents of organic matter and higher transit times of the respective flow paths. Although attenuation undoubtedly also affects the transport of bisphenol A, quantification is limited due to additional contributions from the urban stormwater recharge. As a consequence, micropollutant loads in groundwater indicate that groundwater discharge may dominate the export of bisphenol A from urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Osenbrück
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Hydrology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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27
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Lange F, Cornelissen S, Kubac D, Sein MM, von Sonntag J, Hannich CB, Golloch A, Heipieper HJ, Möder M, von Sonntag C. Degradation of macrolide antibiotics by ozone: a mechanistic case study with clarithromycin. Chemosphere 2006; 65:17-23. [PMID: 16631229 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics are widely used (in the order of 1g per person per year). They pass the body largely unchanged and are also not degraded in wastewater treatment plants. With not too much effort, they may be eliminated from their effluents by ozonation. The macrolide antibiotics have all a dimethylamino group at one of the carbohydrate residues in common. This functional group is the target of the ozone reaction, and clarithromycin has been selected here for a more detailed study. Since only the free amine reacts with ozone, the rate of reaction is pH dependent (at pH 7: k = 4 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1)). In analogy to the ozonolysis of trimethylamine, the main reaction is a transfer of an O-atom yielding the N-oxide (identified by HPLC/MS-MS). A minor product (10%, based on formaldehyde yields) is demethylated clarithromycin (identified by HPLC/MS-MS). The dimethylamino group is thought to be essential for the binding of the macrolide antibiotics to their target. As a consequence, chemical changes of this functional group, notably the formation of the N-oxide that is no longer a proton acceptor, inactivates these drugs as assayed by the suppression of the growth of Pseudomonas putida. This is most important for wastewater treatment, as mineralization of clarithromycin by ozone would require 100 times as much ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lange
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig-Halle, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Baborová P, Möder M, Baldrian P, Cajthamlová K, Cajthaml T. Purification of a new manganese peroxidase of the white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus, and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the enzyme. Res Microbiol 2005; 157:248-53. [PMID: 16256312 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus has been reported to be an efficient degrader of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and pentachlorophenol. The fungus produces ligninolytic enzymes laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase (MnP), the latter being the major one produced. MnP was purified using anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. SDS-PAGE showed the purified MnP to be a monomeric protein of 37 kDa (37.5 kDa using MALDI-TOF) with an isoelectric point at 3.55. The pH optimum was relatively broad, from 4.0 to 7.0 with a peak at pH 5.5. Kinetic constants K(m) were 8 microM for H(2)O(2) and 12 or 31 microM for Mn(2+) depending on the substrate. The enzyme did not perform oxidation in the absence of H(2)O(2) or Mn(2+). MnP was active at 5-70 degrees C with an optimum between 50-60 degrees C. At temperatures above 65 degrees C the enzyme rapidly lost activity. Degradation of four representatives of PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) was tested and the enzyme showed the ability to degrade them in vitro. Major degradation products of anthracene were identified. The results confirm the role of MnP in PAH degradation by I. lacteus, including cleavage of the aromatic ring.
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Safonova E, Kvitko K, Kuschk P, Möder M, Reisser W. Biodegradation of Phenanthrene by the Green AlgaScenedesmus obliquus ES-55. Eng Life Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200520077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
The use of SPME for in vivo monitoring of herbicide levels in plant tissues is evaluated. Fibers are exposed to the plant tissue with the aid of buffer located at the fiber/tissue interface region. Following this extraction period the extracted amount is estimated by solvent desorption and LC-MS-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
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Brack W, Kind T, Hollert H, Schrader S, Möder M. Erratum to “Sequential fractionation procedure for the identification of potentially cytochrome P4501A-inducing compounds”. J Chromatogr A 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Brack W, Kind T, Hollert H, Schrader S, Möder M. Sequential fractionation procedure for the identification of potentially cytochrome P4501A-inducing compounds. J Chromatogr A 2003; 986:55-66. [PMID: 12585322 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multistep fractionation procedure for the separation of nonpolar aromatic compounds with respect to cytochrome P4501A induction is presented. Normal-phase HPLC on nitrophenylpropyl silica and cyanopropyl silica was tested for group-specific separation as a first fractionation step. Subsequent individual compound-specific PAH fractionation was done by means of reversed-phase HPLC. Electron-donor-acceptor HPLC and size-exclusion chromatography were applied to separate PAHs, PCBs, PCNs and PCDD/Fs according to their number of aromatic carbon atoms, their hydrophobicity, their degree of chlorination, their planarity and their molecular size. The method was validated for complex environmental mixtures on the basis of two sediment extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brack
- Department of Chemical Ecotoxicology, UFZ Center for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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34
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Müller S, Möder M, Schrader S, Popp P. Semi-automated hollow-fibre membrane extraction, a novel enrichment technique for the determination of biologically active compounds in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2003; 985:99-106. [PMID: 12580476 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An automated hollow fibre membrane extraction technique was developed for the GC-MS determination of pharmaceutical and endocrine disrupting compounds in water samples. Enrichment was carried out inside a porous polypropylene hollow fibre membrane, which separated the aqueous and organic phases and regulated the transfer of analytes. n-Octanol placed inside the hollow fibre was used as the acceptor solution. A water-solvent ratio of about 300:1 was used to concentrate the analytes. After 1 hour's extraction of the water sample under magnetic stirring, 1 microl of the n-octanol phase was automatically injected from the hollow fibre into the GC-MS. Development work included examining the influence of different sample matrices, volumes, extraction times and extraction solvents. The detection limits, linearity and standard deviations of the method were determined using drugs such as ibuprofen, phenazone and carbamazepine as well as the endocrine disrupting compounds. technical nonylphenols, bisphenol A, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and tonalide by way of example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Müller
- Science Park Permoserstrasse e.V., Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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35
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Muratova A, Hūbner T, Tischer S, Turkovskaya O, Möder M, Kuschk P. Plant--rhizosphere-microflora association during phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil. Int J Phytoremediation 2003; 5:137-151. [PMID: 12929496 DOI: 10.1080/713610176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The capability of plants to promote the microbial degradation of pollutants in rhizosphere soil is a principal mechanism of phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil. The formation of a specific rhizosphere microbocenosis with a high degradative potential toward contaminants is largely determined by plant species. The comparative PAH-degradation in unplanted soil and in soil planted with reed (Phragmites australis) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was studied in pot experiments during 2 years. Both alfalfa and reed successfully remediated contaminated soil by degrading 74.5 and 68.7% of PAHs, respectively. The study of the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and unplanted-soil microflora in experimental pots showed that alfalfa stimulated the rhizosphere microflora of PAH-contaminated soil more effectively than did reed. Alfalfa clearly enhanced both the total number of microorganisms (1.3 times, according to fluorescence microscopy data) and the rate of the PAH-degrading population (almost seven times, according to plate counting). The degradative potential of its rhizosphere microflora toward PAHs was higher than the degradative activity of the reed rhizosphere. This study provides relevant information for the successful application of alfalfa to phytoremediate PAH-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muratova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, RAS, 13 Pr. Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia.
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36
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Brack W, Kind T, Schrader S, Möder M, Schüürmann G. Polychlorinated naphthalenes in sediments from the industrial region of Bitterfeld. Environ Pollut 2003; 121:81-85. [PMID: 12475064 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bitterfeld (Germany) was a major site of chemical production in the former German Democratic Republic with chloralkali electrolysis as the basic process. Effluents were dumped via the creek Spittelwasser into the rivers Mulde and Elbe. Despite the fact that the chloralkali industry is known as a possible source of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), to date no data about PCN pollution in the region of Bitterfeld and downstream regions are available. Therefore, sediments of the creek Spittelwasser were isomer-specifically analysed for penta-, hexa- and heptachlorinated naphthalenes using GC/MS. Concentrations of 880, 543 and 1120 ng/g dry weight were found, respectively. The isomer pattern suggests chloralkali industry as the major source of PCN contamination. Because of their toxicological relevance we suggest to include PCNs into monitoring and risk assessment programs of the rivers Mulde and Elbe downstream of Bitterfeld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- Department of Chemical Ecotoxicology, UFZ Center for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Germany.
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37
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Möder M, Kiessling A, Löster H, Brüggemann L. The pattern of urinary acylcarnitines determined by electrospray mass spectrometry: a new tool in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 375:200-10. [PMID: 12560963 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-002-1654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2002] [Revised: 10/15/2002] [Accepted: 10/18/2002] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
l-Carnitine and its esters are products of intermediary metabolism of organisms. The distribution pattern or the favored excretion of individual acylcarnitines tells something about metabolic diseases. The determination of the urinary acylcarnitine pattern by flow injection analysis (FIA)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) is presented. Groups of healthy probands and patients suffering from diabetes mellitus were investigated due to their significant acylcarnitine profile. The statistical analysis of data sets obtained clearly shows a difference in the acylcarnitine pattern of healthy and sick probands. In comparison to the controls, diabetes mellitus patients excrete more long-chain carnitine esters ranging from dodecanoyl to palmitoylcarnitine. Thus, the urinary acylcarnitine pattern determined by ESI-MS can be a useful tool in the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Möder
- Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, Germany.
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38
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Cajthaml T, Möder M, Kacer P, Sasek V, Popp P. Study of fungal degradation products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using gas chromatography with ion trap mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2002; 974:213-22. [PMID: 12458938 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Representatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were degraded by ligninolytic fungus Irpex lacteus. The products were analyzed by GC-Ion trap mass spectrometry. The combination of full scan mass spectra, product ion scans (MS-MS) and derivatization of the degradation products of anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene provided further insight in the degradation mechanism initiated by I. lacteus. Particularly, the product ion scans enabled the interpretation of unknown degradation products, even though they were only produced at trace level. Most of the structures suggested were later confirmed with authentic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cajthaml
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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39
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Brack W, Altenburger R, Dorusch F, Hubert A, Möder M, Morgenstern P, Moschütz S, Mothes S, Schirmer K, Wennrich R, Wenzel KD, Schüürmann G. Hochwasser 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1065/uwsf2002.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Wichmann K, Grotjahn M, Gloe K, Möder M, Dunsch L, Stephan H, Vögtle F. Azacage Compounds as Efficient Tools for Enhancing Metal Ion and Anion Extraction. CHEM-ING-TECH 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2640(200106)73:6<716::aid-cite7161111>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Abstract
The enzyme-induced decomposition and biodegradation of PCB were investigated. 2,5-Dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 9) and 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 52) were used as example compounds to study efficiency and mechanism of the degradation processes. It was found that the application of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) together with defined amounts of hydrogen peroxide removed 90%, of the initial concentration of PCB 9 and 55% of the initial concentration of PCB 52 from an aqueous solution after a reaction period of 220 min. Dechlorination was observed as the initial step. Although the metabolites identified were mainly chlorinated hydroxybiphenyls, benzoic acids and non-substituted 1,1'-biphenyl, some higher chlorinated biphenyl isomers also appeared. The biodegradation of PCB 9 using the white rot fungus Trametes multicolor took about four weeks and reduction was about 80%, of the initial concentration. The metabolites produced (dichlorobenzenes, chlorophenols and alkylated benzenes) were not quite the same as those observed upon incubation with HRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Köller
- Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig Halle Ltd., Germany.
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42
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Popp P, Bauer C, Möder M, Paschke A. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waste water by off-line coupling of solid-phase microextraction with column liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2000; 897:153-9. [PMID: 11128198 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in waste water using solvent-free solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is described. The PAHs are extracted with a 100 microm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber, desorbed in 40 microl acetonitrile and measured with LC and fluorescence detection. The detection limits of this very simple method under the given conditions (extraction from 5 ml sample, extraction time 1 h) are in the range of 1-6 ng l(-1). The standard deviations (n = 6) at a concentration level of 0.8 microg l(-1) are between 1.8 and 14.4%. The procedure was used for the determination of PAHs in contaminated water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Popp
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ-Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany.
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43
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Wennrich L, Popp P, Möder M. Determination of chlorophenols in soils using accelerated solvent extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chem 2000; 72:546-51. [PMID: 10695140 DOI: 10.1021/ac990463r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of chlorophenols in soil samples using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with water as the solvent combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC/MS has been developed. Important ASE parameters, such as extraction temperature and time, were optimized using a spiked wetland soil. The effect of small amounts of organic modifiers on the extraction yields was studied. An extraction temperature of 125 degrees C and 10 min extractions performed three times proved optimal. Two ASE-SPME procedures without and with an organic modifier (5% acetonitrile) were evaluated with respect to precision and detection limits (LOD). The reproducibility of replicate water extractions/SPME determinations (n = 6) was in the range 7-20% relative standard deviation for the nine chlorophenols investigated. LOD values in the low-ppb range were achieved for all chlorophenols. The ASE-SPME procedure presented here was applied to the determination of chlorophenols in soil samples taken from contaminated areas near Bitterfeld, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wennrich
- Interdisciplinary Department of Urban Landscapes, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig/Halle Ltd., Germany.
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44
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Blume B, Kietzmann M, Kränke P, Möder M, Schrader S, Wahren M. Deuterium labelled nonylphenols in an in-vitro model of percutaneous absorption of environmental xenoestrogens. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2000; 36:3-9. [PMID: 11022321 DOI: 10.1080/10256010008032928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A technical mixture of isomeric nonylphenols NP is formed as rather persistent degradation product of nonionic surfactants and has become widespread in the environment, e.g., in surface waters. Information about possible pathways for incorporation is needed for risk assessments, as NP has estrogenic properties. NP uptake after skin contact was determined using isolated and perfused bovine udders as models for human skin. NP-d2 labelled in the positions ortho to the OH-group was prepared by an exchange procedure which did not measurably change the relative amount of isomers. Samples of udder perfusate, milk equivalent produced during the experiments and skin tissue were taken immediately before administration of 500 mg or 50 mg NP-d2 on an udder skin area of 200 cm2 and then for 5 h. They were analyzed by GC-MS for NP and NP-d2 after cleanup by steam distillation and final extraction with SPME fibres. The results are an unambiguous proof of the penetration of NP into the capillary system of living mammals after skin contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Blume
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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45
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Kietzmann M, Kränke P, Möder M, Schrader S, Wahren M. Application of deuterated compounds for investigations of percutaneous absorption of chemical substances. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 1999; 35:127-134. [PMID: 10902538 DOI: 10.1080/10256019908234085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The percutaneous absorption of the xenoestrogen 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane (bisphenol A) 1 has been studied and compared with results on dibenzoyl peroxide 2, a component of drug formulations for topical application. Isolated perfused bovine udders from slaughtered cows were employed as models for human skin. The deuterium labelled compounds 1-d14 and 2-d10 were applied to enhance the reliability of GC-MS trace determinations by use of reverse isotope dilution analysis. 1-d14 was found in perfusate and milk equivalent samples obtained between 60 and 300 min after topical application with maximum concentrations between 120 and 180 min. 1-d14 was enriched in the milk samples by a factor of about 300 compared with the perfusate. The results confirm a possible penetration of 1 from the environment through the skin into the capillary system. 2 studied on the same model system penetrated faster than 1 by a factor of about three.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kietzmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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46
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Möder M, Popp P, Pawliszyn J. Characterization of water-soluble components of slurries using solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-667x(1998)10:2<225::aid-mcs7>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Abstract
The determination of selected short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is discussed. The differences in fragmentation behaviour and ionization efficiency are described in dependence on collision induced dissociation (CID) conditions and mixture composition. A new method combination, solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-ESI-MS, is introduced to characterize acylcarnitines in body fluids. This method utilizes SPME for pre-concentration of acylcarnitines from complex biological samples and ESI-MS for a selective and sensitive detection. The method is presented by standard experiments determining of acylcarnitines in aqueous solutions and urine samples from patients with secondary carnitine deficiency syndromes or related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Möder
- Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle Ltd, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Germany
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48
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Popp P, Keil P, Möder M, Paschke A, Thuss U. Application of accelerated solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in solid wastes. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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49
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Möder M, Schrader S, Franck U, Popp P. Determination of phenolic compounds in waste water by solid-phase micro extraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s002160050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Riis V, Miethe D, Möder M. Analytical characterization of the persistent residues after microbial degradation of mineral oils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 356:378-84. [PMID: 15048338 DOI: 10.1007/s0021663560378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/1995] [Accepted: 11/28/1995] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The residual fractions remaining after microbial degradation of diesel fuel, different deparaffinized raffinates and extracts from long-term contaminated soils were analyzed by liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry. The quantity of saturated hydrocarbons decreased after the microbial treatment, whereas the portion of polar compounds increased. The total content of aromatics changed only insignificantly. n-Paraffins < C26 were found to be no longer present in mineral oils degraded to exhaustion. Infrared spectrometry revealed oxygen compounds in the residues, mainly ketones, fatty acids and esters. Elementary analysis confirms the presence of nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur compounds in the degraded products. The gas chromatograms of high boiling oils, as well as of residues and extracts, consist mainly of a large base "envelope" (about 95% of the total area); thus gc/ms coupling reaches the limits of its applicability. However, mass spectrometry with direct inlet gives valuable information regarding hydrocarbon type analysis. The results revealed the preferable degradation of alkanes, 1-ring aliphatics and benzenes and an enrichment of condensed cycloaliphatics and aromatics. The latter compounds are known to be resistant to microbial attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Riis
- Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle Ltd, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
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