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Tai YY, Yu Q, Tang Y, Sun W, Kelly NJ, Okawa S, Zhao J, Schwantes-An TH, Lacoux C, Torrino S, Aaraj YA, Khoury WE, Negi V, Liu M, Corey CG, Belmonte F, Vargas SO, Schwartz B, Bhat B, Chau BN, Karnes JH, Satoh T, Barndt RJ, Wu H, Parikh VN, Wang J, Zhang Y, McNamara D, Li G, Speyer G, Wang B, Shiva S, Kaufman B, Kim S, Gomez D, Mari B, Cho MH, Boueiz A, Pauciulo MW, Southgate L, Trembath RC, Sitbon O, Humbert M, Graf S, Morrell NW, Rhodes CJ, Wilkins MR, Nouraie M, Nichols WC, Desai AA, Bertero T, Chan SY. Allele-specific control of rodent and human lncRNA KMT2E-AS1 promotes hypoxic endothelial pathology in pulmonary hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadd2029. [PMID: 38198571 PMCID: PMC10947529 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic reprogramming of vasculature relies on genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic circuitry, but the control points are unknown. In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disease driven by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent vascular dysfunction, HIF-2α promoted expression of neighboring genes, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) histone lysine N-methyltransferase 2E-antisense 1 (KMT2E-AS1) and histone lysine N-methyltransferase 2E (KMT2E). KMT2E-AS1 stabilized KMT2E protein to increase epigenetic histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), driving HIF-2α-dependent metabolic and pathogenic endothelial activity. This lncRNA axis also increased HIF-2α expression across epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional contexts, thus promoting a positive feedback loop to further augment HIF-2α activity. We identified a genetic association between rs73184087, a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) within a KMT2E intron, and disease risk in PAH discovery and replication patient cohorts and in a global meta-analysis. This SNV displayed allele (G)-specific association with HIF-2α, engaged in long-range chromatin interactions, and induced the lncRNA-KMT2E tandem in hypoxic (G/G) cells. In vivo, KMT2E-AS1 deficiency protected against PAH in mice, as did pharmacologic inhibition of histone methylation in rats. Conversely, forced lncRNA expression promoted more severe PH. Thus, the KMT2E-AS1/KMT2E pair orchestrates across convergent multi-ome landscapes to mediate HIF-2α pathobiology and represents a key clinical target in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin Tai
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qiujun Yu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department Of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. louis, Mo 63110, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Neil J. Kelly
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Va Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Satoshi Okawa
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jingsi Zhao
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, In 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, In 46202, USA
| | - Caroline Lacoux
- Université côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, IHU RespiERA, Sophia-Antipolis, 06903, France
| | - Stephanie Torrino
- Université côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, IHU RespiERA, Sophia-Antipolis, 06903, France
| | - Yassmin Al Aaraj
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wadih El Khoury
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vinny Negi
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Catherine G. Corey
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical center children’s hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Frances Belmonte
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sara O. Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Bal Bhat
- Translate Bio, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | | | - Jason H. Karnes
- Division of Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Taijyu Satoh
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8575, Japan
| | - Robert J. Barndt
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Victoria N. Parikh
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dennis McNamara
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Gil Speyer
- Research Computing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brett Kaufman
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Seungchan Kim
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Roy G. Perry college of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bernard Mari
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, In 46202, USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adel Boueiz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael W. Pauciulo
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Laura Southgate
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2lS, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2lS, UK
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Université Paris–Saclay, INSERM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris–Saclay, INSERM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Stefan Graf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
- NIHR Bioresource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
- Centessa Pharmaceuticals, Altrincham, Cheshire, WA14 2DT, UK
| | | | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6lY, UK
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - William C. Nichols
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ankit A. Desai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, In 46202, USA
| | - Thomas Bertero
- Université côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, IHU RespiERA, Sophia-Antipolis, 06903, France
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Montani D, Eichstaedt CA, Belge C, Chung WK, Gräf S, Grünig E, Humbert M, Quarck R, Tenorio-Castano JA, Soubrier F, Trembath RC, Morrell NW. [Genetic counselling and testing in pulmonary arterial hypertension - A consensus statement on behalf of the International Consortium for Genetic Studies in PAH - French version]. Rev Mal Respir 2023; 40:838-852. [PMID: 37923650 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that can be caused by (likely) pathogenic germline genomic variants. In addition to the most prevalent disease gene, BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2), several genes, some belonging to distinct functional classes, are also now known to predispose to the development of PAH. As a consequence, specialist and non-specialist clinicians and healthcare professionals are increasingly faced with a range of questions regarding the need for, approaches to and benefits/risks of genetic testing for PAH patients and/or related family members. We provide a consensus-based approach to recommendations for genetic counselling and assessment of current best practice for disease gene testing. We provide a framework and the type of information to be provided to patients and relatives through the process of genetic counselling, and describe the presently known disease causal genes to be analysed. Benefits of including molecular genetic testing within the management protocol of patients with PAH include the identification of individuals misclassified by other diagnostic approaches, the optimisation of phenotypic characterisation for aggregation of outcome data, including in clinical trials, and importantly through cascade screening, the detection of healthy causal variant carriers, to whom regular assessment should be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Montani
- French Referral Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Pulmonary Department, hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm UMR_S999, hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
| | - C A Eichstaedt
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Allemagne; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Allemagne; Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Allemagne
| | - C Belge
- Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgique
| | - W K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, États-Unis
| | - S Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, Royaume-Uni; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, Royaume-Uni; NIHR BioResource, for Translational Research - Rare Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, Royaume-Uni
| | - E Grünig
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Allemagne; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Allemagne
| | - M Humbert
- French Referral Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Pulmonary Department, hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP, université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm UMR_S999, hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - R Quarck
- Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgique
| | - J A Tenorio-Castano
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Espagne; CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Espagne; ITHACA, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgique
| | - F Soubrier
- Département de génétique, Inserm UMR_S1166, AP-HP, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute for Cardio-metabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - R C Trembath
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, Royaume-Uni
| | - N W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, Royaume-Uni; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, Royaume-Uni
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3
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Winsvold BS, Harder AVE, Ran C, Chalmer MA, Dalmasso MC, Ferkingstad E, Tripathi KP, Bacchelli E, Børte S, Fourier C, Petersen AS, Vijfhuizen LS, Magnusson SH, O'Connor E, Bjornsdottir G, Häppölä P, Wang Y, Callesen I, Kelderman T, Gallardo VJ, de Boer I, Olofsgård FJ, Heinze K, Lund N, Thomas LF, Hsu C, Pirinen M, Hautakangas H, Ribasés M, Guerzoni S, Sivakumar P, Yip J, Heinze A, Küçükali F, Ostrowski SR, Pedersen OB, Kristoffersen ES, Martinsen AE, Artigas MS, Lagrata S, Cainazzo MM, Adebimpe J, Quinn O, Göbel C, Cirkel A, Volk AE, Heilmann‐Heimbach S, Skogholt AH, Gabrielsen ME, Wilbrink LA, Danno D, Mehta D, Guðbjartsson DF, Rosendaal FR, Willems van Dijk K, Fronczek R, Wagner M, Scherer M, Göbel H, Sleegers K, Sveinsson OA, Pani L, Zoli M, Ramos‐Quiroga JA, Dardiotis E, Steinberg A, Riedel‐Heller S, Sjöstrand C, Thorgeirsson TE, Stefansson H, Southgate L, Trembath RC, Vandrovcova J, Noordam R, Paemeleire K, Stefansson K, Fann CS, Waldenlind E, Tronvik E, Jensen RH, Chen S, Houlden H, Terwindt GM, Kubisch C, Maestrini E, Vikelis M, Pozo‐Rosich P, Belin AC, Matharu M, van den Maagdenberg AM, Hansen TF, Ramirez A, Zwart J. Cluster Headache Genomewide Association Study and Meta-Analysis Identifies Eight Loci and Implicates Smoking as Causal Risk Factor. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:713-726. [PMID: 37486023 PMCID: PMC10952302 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to aggregate data for the first genomewide association study meta-analysis of cluster headache, to identify genetic risk variants, and gain biological insights. METHODS A total of 4,777 cases (3,348 men and 1,429 women) with clinically diagnosed cluster headache were recruited from 10 European and 1 East Asian cohorts. We first performed an inverse-variance genomewide association meta-analysis of 4,043 cases and 21,729 controls of European ancestry. In a secondary trans-ancestry meta-analysis, we included 734 cases and 9,846 controls of East Asian ancestry. Candidate causal genes were prioritized by 5 complementary methods: expression quantitative trait loci, transcriptome-wide association, fine-mapping of causal gene sets, genetically driven DNA methylation, and effects on protein structure. Gene set and tissue enrichment analyses, genetic correlation, genetic risk score analysis, and Mendelian randomization were part of the downstream analyses. RESULTS The estimated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability of cluster headache was 14.5%. We identified 9 independent signals in 7 genomewide significant loci in the primary meta-analysis, and one additional locus in the trans-ethnic meta-analysis. Five of the loci were previously known. The 20 genes prioritized as potentially causal for cluster headache showed enrichment to artery and brain tissue. Cluster headache was genetically correlated with cigarette smoking, risk-taking behavior, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and musculoskeletal pain. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a causal effect of cigarette smoking intensity on cluster headache. Three of the identified loci were shared with migraine. INTERPRETATION This first genomewide association study meta-analysis gives clues to the biological basis of cluster headache and indicates that smoking is a causal risk factor. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:713-726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendik S. Winsvold
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical NeuroscienceOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Department of NeurologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Headache Research (NorHEAD), Department of Neuromedicine and Movement ScienceNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Aster V. E. Harder
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Caroline Ran
- Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mona A. Chalmer
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet‐GlostrupUniversity of Copenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
| | - Maria Carolina Dalmasso
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (EnyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce 'N. Kirchner'National University A. Jauretche (UNAJ)Florencio VarelaArgentina
| | | | - Kumar Parijat Tripathi
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of PsychiatryUniklinik KölnCologneGermany
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Sigrid Børte
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical NeuroscienceOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Headache Research (NorHEAD), Department of Neuromedicine and Movement ScienceNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Carmen Fourier
- Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Anja S. Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet‐GlostrupUniversity of Copenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
| | | | | | - Emer O'Connor
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Paavo Häppölä
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Yen‐Feng Wang
- Department of NeurologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Brain Research CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ida Callesen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet‐GlostrupUniversity of Copenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
| | - Tim Kelderman
- Department of NeurologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Victor J Gallardo
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Departament de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Irene de Boer
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nunu Lund
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet‐GlostrupUniversity of Copenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
| | - Laurent F. Thomas
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- BioCore–Bioinformatics Core FacilityNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Clinic of Laboratory MedicineSt. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Chia‐Lin Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Heidi Hautakangas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and AddictionUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of PsychiatryVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of BiologyUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Prasanth Sivakumar
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Janice Yip
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Axel Heinze
- Kiel Migraine and Headache CentreKielGermany
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIBAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sisse R. Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Centre of Diagnostic InvestigationRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ole B. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyZealand University HospitalKøgeDenmark
| | - Espen S. Kristoffersen
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical NeuroscienceOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Headache Research (NorHEAD), Department of Neuromedicine and Movement ScienceNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Department of General PracticeUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of NeurologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Amy E. Martinsen
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical NeuroscienceOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Headache Research (NorHEAD), Department of Neuromedicine and Movement ScienceNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - María S. Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and AddictionUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of PsychiatryVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of BiologyUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Susie Lagrata
- Headache and Facial Pain GroupUniversity College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUK
| | | | - Joycee Adebimpe
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Olivia Quinn
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Carl Göbel
- Kiel Migraine and Headache CentreKielGermany
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinLübeckGermany
| | - Anna Cirkel
- Kiel Migraine and Headache CentreKielGermany
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinLübeckGermany
| | - Alexander E. Volk
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann‐Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Maiken E. Gabrielsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | | | - Daisuke Danno
- Headache and Facial Pain GroupUniversity College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUK
| | - Dwij Mehta
- Headache and Facial Pain GroupUniversity College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUK
| | | | | | - Frits R. Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rolf Fronczek
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric PsychiatryUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn)BonnGermany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical CareUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | | | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIBAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Olafur A. Sveinsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health SciencesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Luca Pani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Josep A. Ramos‐Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and AddictionUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of PsychiatryVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ThessalyVolosGreece
| | - Anna Steinberg
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of NeurologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Steffi Riedel‐Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public HealthUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christina Sjöstrand
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of NeurologyDanderyd HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's, University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and GeriatricsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Koen Paemeleire
- Department of NeurologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc.ReykjavikIceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health SciencesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | | | - Elisabet Waldenlind
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of NeurologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Erling Tronvik
- Norwegian Centre for Headache Research (NorHEAD), Department of Neuromedicine and Movement ScienceNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical NeurophysiologySt. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Rigmor H. Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet‐GlostrupUniversity of Copenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
| | - Shih‐Pin Chen
- Brain Research CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Division of Translational ResearchTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gisela M. Terwindt
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Patricia Pozo‐Rosich
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Departament de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
- Headache Unit, Neurology DepartmentVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrea C. Belin
- Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Manjit Matharu
- Headache and Facial Pain GroupUniversity College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUK
| | - Arn M.J.M. van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas F. Hansen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet‐GlostrupUniversity of Copenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Protein ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric PsychiatryUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn)BonnGermany
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterSan AntonioTX
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - John‐Anker Zwart
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical NeuroscienceOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Headache Research (NorHEAD), Department of Neuromedicine and Movement ScienceNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Graham SE, Clarke SL, Wu KHH, Kanoni S, Zajac GJM, Ramdas S, Surakka I, Ntalla I, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Hwang MY, Han S, Narita A, Choudhury A, Bentley AR, Ekoru K, Verma A, Trivedi B, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Hui Q, Klarin D, Zhu X, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Ruotsalainen SE, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Feng Q, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Pacheco JA, Pendergrass SA, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Hindy G, Rasheed A, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Sidore C, Fiorillo E, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Thuesen BH, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Preuss M, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Kember RL, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Leonard HL, Marten J, Schmidt B, Arendt M, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Ahmed M, Jackson AU, Yousri NA, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Chai X, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Hung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Gorski M, Brumat M, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Xue C, Zhang J, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, Lee J, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Zimmermann ME, Lee JY, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hildalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Schwander K, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Highland HM, Young KL, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Nadkarni GN, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, Bhatti KF, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YDI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Chen YE, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Jung B, Böger CA, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, den Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Yajnik CS, Mercader JM, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Lu F, Qu J, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, 't Hart LM, Elders PJM, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney LALM, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Cucca F, Mook-Kanamori DO, van Dijk KW, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Justice AE, Baras A, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson P, Rotimi CN, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, Kim BJ, Mohlke KL, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Boehnke M, Natarajan P, Peloso GM, Brown CD, Morris AP, Assimes TL, Deloukas P, Sun YV, Willer CJ. Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids. Nature 2023; 618:E19-E20. [PMID: 37237109 PMCID: PMC10355188 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Group of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari,, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Arendt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez
- Departamento de Genómica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Meraj Ahmed
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA,, USA
| | | | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA,, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIA, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Ronne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hildalgo
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | | | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Bettina Jung
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, Athens, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ronald M Krauss
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Josep M Mercader
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Bimédicas UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Dirección de Nutrición and Unidad de Estudios de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Fan Lu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanent Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anne E Justice
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Eichstaedt CA, Belge C, Chung WK, Gräf S, Grünig E, Montani D, Quarck R, Tenorio-Castano JA, Soubrier F, Trembath RC, Morrell NW. Genetic counselling and testing in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a consensus statement on behalf of the International Consortium for Genetic Studies in PAH. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2201471. [PMID: 36302552 PMCID: PMC9947314 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01471-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that can be caused by (likely) pathogenic germline genomic variants. In addition to the most prevalent disease gene, BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2), several genes, some belonging to distinct functional classes, are also now known to predispose to the development of PAH. As a consequence, specialist and non-specialist clinicians and healthcare professionals are increasingly faced with a range of questions regarding the need for, approaches to and benefits/risks of genetic testing for PAH patients and/or related family members. We provide a consensus-based approach to recommendations for genetic counselling and assessment of current best practice for disease gene testing. We provide a framework and the type of information to be provided to patients and relatives through the process of genetic counselling, and describe the presently known disease causal genes to be analysed. Benefits of including molecular genetic testing within the management protocol of patients with PAH include the identification of individuals misclassified by other diagnostic approaches, the optimisation of phenotypic characterisation for aggregation of outcome data, including in clinical trials, and importantly through cascade screening, the detection of healthy causal variant carriers, to whom regular assessment should be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Eichstaedt
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catharina Belge
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research - Rare Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, French Referral Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Pulmonary Department, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jair A Tenorio-Castano
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras), Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Département de Génétique, INSERM UMR_S1166, Sorbonne Université, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Hong J, Wong B, Rhodes CJ, Kurt Z, Schwantes-An TH, Mickler EA, Gräf S, Eyries M, Lutz KA, Pauciulo MW, Trembath RC, Montani D, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Nichols WC, Trégouët DA, Aldred MA, Desai AA, Tuder RM, Geraci MW, Eghbali M, Stearman RS, Yang X. Integrative Multiomics to Dissect the Lung Transcriptional Landscape of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.12.523812. [PMID: 36712057 PMCID: PMC9882207 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains an incurable and often fatal disease despite currently available therapies. Multiomics systems biology analysis can shed new light on PAH pathobiology and inform translational research efforts. Using RNA sequencing on the largest PAH lung biobank to date (96 disease and 52 control), we aim to identify gene co-expression network modules associated with PAH and potential therapeutic targets. Co-expression network analysis was performed to identify modules of co-expressed genes which were then assessed for and prioritized by importance in PAH, regulatory role, and therapeutic potential via integration with clinicopathologic data, human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of PAH, lung Bayesian regulatory networks, single-cell RNA-sequencing data, and pharmacotranscriptomic profiles. We identified a co-expression module of 266 genes, called the pink module, which may be a response to the underlying disease process to counteract disease progression in PAH. This module was associated not only with PAH severity such as increased PVR and intimal thickness, but also with compensated PAH such as lower number of hospitalizations, WHO functional class and NT-proBNP. GWAS integration demonstrated the pink module is enriched for PAH-associated genetic variation in multiple cohorts. Regulatory network analysis revealed that BMPR2 regulates the main target of FDA-approved riociguat, GUCY1A2, in the pink module. Analysis of pathway enrichment and pink hub genes (i.e. ANTXR1 and SFRP4) suggests the pink module inhibits Wnt signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell type deconvolution showed the pink module correlates with higher vascular cell fractions (i.e. myofibroblasts). A pharmacotranscriptomic screen discovered ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) as potential therapeutic targets to mimic the pink module signature. Our multiomics integrative study uncovered a novel gene subnetwork associated with clinicopathologic severity, genetic risk, specific vascular cell types, and new therapeutic targets in PAH. Future studies are warranted to investigate the role and therapeutic potential of the pink module and targeting USPs in PAH.
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Kanoni S, Graham SE, Wang Y, Surakka I, Ramdas S, Zhu X, Clarke SL, Bhatti KF, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Zajac GJM, Wu KHH, Ntalla I, Hui Q, Klarin D, Hilliard AT, Wang Z, Xue C, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Hwang MY, Han S, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Pacheco JA, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Feng Q, Kullo IJ, Narita A, Takayama J, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Trivedi B, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Rasheed A, Hindy G, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Choudhury A, Sengupta D, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Yousri NA, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Bjerregaard AA, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Hwu CM, Hung YJ, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Mauro P, Matteo F, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Ruotsalainen SE, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Vazquez-Moreno M, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Wang Z, Preuss MH, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Tsao NL, Verma A, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Demirkan A, Leonard HL, Marten J, Frank M, Schmidt B, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Nongmaithem SS, Bayyana S, Stringham HM, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Banas B, Nardone GG, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Bentley AR, Doumatey AP, Adeyemo AA, Lee JY, Petersen ERB, Nielsen AA, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hidalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Liang J, Tang H, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YDI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Zimmermann ME, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Peyser PA, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Böger CA, Jung B, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, 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Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, Willemsen AHM, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Baras A, Justice AE, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, van Heel DA, Trembath RC, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Kim BJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Zhang J, Chen YE, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson PWF, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Mohlke KL, Sun YV, Morris AP, Boehnke M, Brown CD, Natarajan P, Deloukas P, Willer CJ, Assimes TL, Peloso GM. Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis. Genome Biol 2022; 23:268. [PMID: 36575460 PMCID: PMC9793579 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. RESULTS To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Boston Children's Hospital, EndocrinologyBoston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 2, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Allen Pacheco
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Jun Takayama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 9810, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Nine, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne A Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Postbox 90048~700, Sanhsia Dist, New Taipei City, 237101, Taiwan
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina, Spain
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pala Mauro
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica E Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Floris Matteo
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica E Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck and Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik Für Herz- Und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) E.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Azra Kurbasic
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Forer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - EWarwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Miguel Vazquez-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paraskevi Christofidou
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Noah L Tsao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, PQ, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Nuno R Zilhao
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim GmbH, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Research, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Mirjam Frank
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica Y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Swati Bayyana
- Genomic Research On Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Health Services and Systems Research, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips Van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips Van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, Dong Cheng District, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 20892-9205, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Sugarland, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong Young Lee
- , Oneomics. Co. Ltd. 2F, Soonchunhyang Mirai Medical Center 173, Buheuyng-Ro, Bucheon-Si Gyeonggi-Do, 14585, Korea
| | - Eva R B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Aneta A Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Gangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Kent St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Gangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Strasse 13/15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 20892-9205, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 6938501, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 18, 04103, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, RheumatologyLeipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou, 17676, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 5650871, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 5650871, Japan
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Saevit Eye Hospital, SeoulIlsan, 03722, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Dept of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Hawkesbury Rd, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé Et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 18, 04103, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, RheumatologyLeipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Gangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, EwhaWomans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute On Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIH 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute On Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIH 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Ilica 242, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, , Traunstein Hospital, Diabetology, RheumatologyTraunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Bettina Jung
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, , Traunstein Hospital, Diabetology, RheumatologyTraunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, 75 M. Assias Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, 124 61, Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Kutzerufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas Und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular Y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología Y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, 6000, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, 6000, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ananda R Wickremasinghe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Anneke Iden Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips Van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Office of the Provost, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O.Box 340, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria C Costanzo
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dongkeun Jang
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica Y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - EShyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dermot F Reilly
- Genetics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, 3001 S. Hanover St., Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, PQ, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, PQ, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik Für Herz- Und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) E.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cucca Francesco
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 7RH, UK
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hengtong Li
- Data Science, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) E.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Medical School, University of Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Allegonda H M Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - LAdrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 7RH, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science,1:042 Polwarth Building School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 9810, USA
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Research, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 2, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - YEugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Boston Children's Hospital, EndocrinologyBoston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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8
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Zhou W, Kanai M, Wu KHH, Rasheed H, Tsuo K, Hirbo JB, Wang Y, Bhattacharya A, Zhao H, Namba S, Surakka I, Wolford BN, Lo Faro V, Lopera-Maya EA, Läll K, Favé MJ, Partanen JJ, Chapman SB, Karjalainen J, Kurki M, Maasha M, Brumpton BM, Chavan S, Chen TT, Daya M, Ding Y, Feng YCA, Guare LA, Gignoux CR, Graham SE, Hornsby WE, Ingold N, Ismail SI, Johnson R, Laisk T, Lin K, Lv J, Millwood IY, Moreno-Grau S, Nam K, Palta P, Pandit A, Preuss MH, Saad C, Setia-Verma S, Thorsteinsdottir U, Uzunovic J, Verma A, Zawistowski M, Zhong X, Afifi N, Al-Dabhani KM, Al Thani A, Bradford Y, Campbell A, Crooks K, de Bock GH, Damrauer SM, Douville NJ, Finer S, Fritsche LG, Fthenou E, Gonzalez-Arroyo G, Griffiths CJ, Guo Y, Hunt KA, Ioannidis A, Jansonius NM, Konuma T, Lee MTM, Lopez-Pineda A, Matsuda Y, Marioni RE, Moatamed B, Nava-Aguilar MA, Numakura K, Patil S, Rafaels N, Richmond A, Rojas-Muñoz A, Shortt JA, Straub P, Tao R, Vanderwerff B, Vernekar M, Veturi Y, Barnes KC, Boezen M, Chen Z, Chen CY, Cho J, Smith GD, Finucane HK, Franke L, Gamazon ER, Ganna A, Gaunt TR, Ge T, Huang H, Huffman J, Katsanis N, Koskela JT, Lajonchere C, Law MH, Li L, Lindgren CM, Loos RJ, MacGregor S, Matsuda K, Olsen CM, Porteous DJ, Shavit JA, Snieder H, Takano T, Trembath RC, Vonk JM, Whiteman DC, Wicks SJ, Wijmenga C, Wright J, Zheng J, Zhou X, Awadalla P, Boehnke M, Bustamante CD, Cox NJ, Fatumo S, Geschwind DH, Hayward C, Hveem K, Kenny EE, Lee S, Lin YF, Mbarek H, Mägi R, Martin HC, Medland SE, Okada Y, Palotie AV, Pasaniuc B, Rader DJ, Ritchie MD, Sanna S, Smoller JW, Stefansson K, van Heel DA, Walters RG, Zöllner S, Martin AR, Willer CJ, Daly MJ, Neale BM. Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative: Powering genetic discovery across human disease. Cell Genom 2022; 2:100192. [PMID: 36777996 PMCID: PMC9903716 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biobanks facilitate genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which have mapped genomic loci across a range of human diseases and traits. However, most biobanks are primarily composed of individuals of European ancestry. We introduce the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI)-a collaborative network of 23 biobanks from 4 continents representing more than 2.2 million consented individuals with genetic data linked to electronic health records. GBMI meta-analyzes summary statistics from GWASs generated using harmonized genotypes and phenotypes from member biobanks for 14 exemplar diseases and endpoints. This strategy validates that GWASs conducted in diverse biobanks can be integrated despite heterogeneity in case definitions, recruitment strategies, and baseline characteristics. This collaborative effort improves GWAS power for diseases, benefits understudied diseases, and improves risk prediction while also enabling the nomination of disease genes and drug candidates by incorporating gene and protein expression data and providing insight into the underlying biology of human diseases and traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kuan-Han H. Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kristin Tsuo
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jibril B. Hirbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arjun Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Huiling Zhao
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brooke N. Wolford
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Valeria Lo Faro
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Kristi Läll
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Juulia J. Partanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinéad B. Chapman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mitja Kurki
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mutaamba Maasha
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ben M. Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sameer Chavan
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tzu-Ting Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Daya
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Chen A. Feng
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lindsay A. Guare
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sarah E. Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Whitney E. Hornsby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nathan Ingold
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Said I. Ismail
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ruth Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Triin Laisk
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Iona Y. Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kisung Nam
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Priit Palta
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael H. Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chadi Saad
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shefali Setia-Verma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nahla Afifi
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kawthar M. Al-Dabhani
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Al Thani
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kristy Crooks
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Geertruida H. de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Douville
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Finer
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lars G. Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eleni Fthenou
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Karen A. Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Ioannidis
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nomdo M. Jansonius
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Takahiro Konuma
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
| | | | - Arturo Lopez-Pineda
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | | | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Snehal Patil
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne Richmond
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Straub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brett Vanderwerff
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Marike Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Judy Cho
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Hilary K. Finucane
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric R. Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Huffman
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jukka T. Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clara Lajonchere
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew H. Law
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - David J. Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jordan A. Shavit
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Richard C. Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stephen J. Wicks
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Philip Awadalla
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carlos D. Bustamante
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seunggeun Lee
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yen-Feng Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hilary C. Martin
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aarno V. Palotie
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D. Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Robin G. Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Biobank of the Americas
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Biobank Japan Project
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - BioMe
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - BioVU
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - CanPath - Ontario Health Study
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - deCODE Genetics
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Estonian Biobank
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - FinnGen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Generation Scotland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Genes & Health Research Team
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - LifeLines
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mass General Brigham Biobank
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michigan Genomics Initiative
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - National Biobank of Korea
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Penn Medicine BioBank
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qatar Biobank
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - The QSkin Sun and Health Study
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Taiwan Biobank
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - The HUNT Study
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - UCLA ATLAS Community Health Initiative
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Uganda Genome Resource
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - UK Biobank
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Ophthalmology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Galatea Bio, Inc., Hialeah, FL, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community, Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Amphora Health, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Japan
- Genomelink, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI/LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health & Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alicia R. Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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9
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Huang QQ, Sallah N, Dunca D, Trivedi B, Hunt KA, Hodgson S, Lambert SA, Arciero E, Wright J, Griffiths C, Trembath RC, Hemingway H, Inouye M, Finer S, van Heel DA, Lumbers RT, Martin HC, Kuchenbaecker K. Transferability of genetic loci and polygenic scores for cardiometabolic traits in British Pakistani and Bangladeshi individuals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4664. [PMID: 35945198 PMCID: PMC9363492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with South Asian ancestry have a higher risk of heart disease than other groups but have been largely excluded from genetic research. Using data from 22,000 British Pakistani and Bangladeshi individuals with linked electronic health records from the Genes & Health cohort, we conducted genome-wide association studies of coronary artery disease and its key risk factors. Using power-adjusted transferability ratios, we found evidence for transferability for the majority of cardiometabolic loci powered to replicate. The performance of polygenic scores was high for lipids and blood pressure, but lower for BMI and coronary artery disease. Adding a polygenic score for coronary artery disease to clinical risk factors showed significant improvement in reclassification. In Mendelian randomisation using transferable loci as instruments, our findings were consistent with results in European-ancestry individuals. Taken together, trait-specific transferability of trait loci between populations is an important consideration with implications for risk prediction and causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neneh Sallah
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Dunca
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sam Hodgson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Samuel A Lambert
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Arciero
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Chris Griffiths
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Hemingway
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (UCLH BRC), London, UK
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Finer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (UCLH BRC), London, UK
- British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karoline Kuchenbaecker
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
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10
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Ramdas S, Judd J, Graham SE, Kanoni S, Wang Y, Surakka I, Wenz B, Clarke SL, Chesi A, Wells A, Bhatti KF, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Zajac GJM, Wu KHH, Ntalla I, Hui Q, Klarin D, Hilliard AT, Wang Z, Xue C, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Hwang MY, Han S, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Pacheco JA, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Feng Q, Kullo IJ, Narita A, Takayama J, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Trivedi B, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Rasheed A, Hindy G, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Choudhury A, Sengupta D, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Bjerregaard AA, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Lee WJ, Hsiung CA, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Mauro P, Matteo F, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Schönherr S, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Ruotsalainen SE, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Le P, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Hemerich D, Preuss M, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Noah TL, Verma A, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Demirkan A, Leonard HL, Marten J, Emmel C, Schmidt B, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Nongmaithem SS, Sankareswaran A, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Banas B, Morgan A, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Bentley AR, Doumatey AP, Adeyemo AA, Lee JY, Petersen ERB, Nielsen AA, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hidalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, He KY, Tang H, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Ida Chen YD, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Zimmermann ME, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Peyser PA, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Böger CA, Jung B, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, den Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Walker M, Scott LJ, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Mercader JM, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Jin ZB, Lu F, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, T Hart LM, Elders PJM, Rader DJ, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Rotimi CN, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney L, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Francesco C, Mook-Kanamori DO, Willems van Dijk K, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Huey-Herng Sheu W, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Li H, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ikram A, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Tuomilehto J, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Baras A, Justice AE, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, van Heel DA, Trembath RC, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Kim BJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Zhang J, Chen YE, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson P, Mohlke KL, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Boehnke M, Struan Grant, Natarajan P, Sun YV, Morris AP, Deloukas P, Peloso G, Assimes TL, Willer CJ, Zhu X, Brown CD. A multi-layer functional genomic analysis to understand noncoding genetic variation in lipids. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1366-1387. [PMID: 35931049 PMCID: PMC9388392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) is to translate phenotypic associations into biological insights. Here, we integrate a large GWAS on blood lipids involving 1.6 million individuals from five ancestries with a wide array of functional genomic datasets to discover regulatory mechanisms underlying lipid associations. We first prioritize lipid-associated genes with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) colocalizations and then add chromatin interaction data to narrow the search for functional genes. Polygenic enrichment analysis across 697 annotations from a host of tissues and cell types confirms the central role of the liver in lipid levels and highlights the selective enrichment of adipose-specific chromatin marks in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Overlapping transcription factor (TF) binding sites with lipid-associated loci identifies TFs relevant in lipid biology. In addition, we present an integrative framework to prioritize causal variants at GWAS loci, producing a comprehensive list of candidate causal genes and variants with multiple layers of functional evidence. We highlight two of the prioritized genes, CREBRF and RRBP1, which show convergent evidence across functional datasets supporting their roles in lipid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Judd
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brandon Wenz
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Wells
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Endocrinology, Boston Childrens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA; Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland; School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 2, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Allen Pacheco
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Jun Takayama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK; Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Nine, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, EH16 4UX Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, SD, Pakistan & Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, UB1 3HW Middlesex, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, W12 0HS London, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, CB1 8RN Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, BS1 2LY Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne A Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; No. 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases. Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pala Mauro
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Floris Matteo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck and Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lunds University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Azra Kurbasic
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lunds University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria and German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria and German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Austria
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daiane Hemerich
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, SE1 7EH London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Paraskevi Christofidou
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Tsao L Noah
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, QC H1T1C8, Canada
| | | | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim GmbH, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental research, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Carina Emmel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lunds University, Malmö, Sweden; Center for diabetes research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Suraj S Nongmaithem
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Alagu Sankareswaran
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, New Delhi, India; Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 1628655, Japan
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece; Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH 251 Bayview Blvd, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jong Young Lee
- Oneomics. co. ltd. 2F, Soonchunhyang Mirai Medical Center 173, Buheuyng-ro, Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do 14585, Korea
| | - Eva R B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Aneta A Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA Hinxton, UK; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA Hinxton, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christian Couture
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland; Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Kent St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Y He
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Ohio State University, Division of Endricinology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Strasse 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892-9205, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 5650871, Japan; Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 5650871, Japan
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Ceslrntre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CG, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Hawkesbury Rd, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, EwhaWomans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892-9205, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892-9205, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; Algebra University College, Ilica 242, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 1628655, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany; KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Bettina Jung
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany; KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, 75 M. Assias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, 124 61 Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing 100005, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Kutzerufer 1, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland; Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Dirección de Nutrición and Unidad de Estudios de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines; Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ananda R Wickremasinghe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, New Delhi, India; Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; and Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.Box 340, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, New Delhi, India; JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX 77030, USA; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB London, UK
| | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dermot F Reilly
- Genetics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, 3001 S. Hanover St., Baltimore, MD 21225, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100730, China; The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Fan Lu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, QC H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger street, Montreal, QC H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Leen M T Hart
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam 1081HV, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- 16Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lambertus Kiemeney
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria and German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Austria
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck and Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lunds University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for population studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for population studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cucca Francesco
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy; University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK; Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases. Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, SW17 0RE London, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W12 7RH London, UK
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; No. 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District Taichung City 40705, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City 112201, Taiwan
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hengtong Li
- Data Science, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, CB10 1SA Hinxton, UK; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, UB1 3HW Middlesex, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, W12 0HS London, UK; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, UB1 3HW Middlesex, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, W12 0HS London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, SD, Pakistan & Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, SD, Pakistan & Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Big Data Instutute, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science,1:042 Polwarth Building School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 102, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Wilson
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Endocrinology, Boston Childrens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Struan Grant
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gina Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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C, Tavecchia L, Crotti L, Rizzi M, Rovere MTL, Sarzi-Braga S, Bussotti M, Ravaglia S, Artuso R, Perrella A, Romani D, Bergomi P, Catena E, Vincenti A, Ferri C, Grassi D, Pessina G, Tumbarello M, Pietro MD, Sabrina R, Luchi S, Furini S, Dei S, Benetti E, Picchiotti N, Sanarico M, Ceri S, Pinoli P, Raimondi F, Biscarini F, Stella A, Zguro K, Capitani K, Nkambule L, Tanfoni M, Fallerini C, Daga S, Baldassarri M, Fava F, Frullanti E, Valentino F, Doddato G, Giliberti A, Tita R, Amitrano S, Bruttini M, Croci S, Meloni I, Mencarelli MA, Rizzo CL, Pinto AM, Beligni G, Tommasi A, Sarno LD, Palmieri M, Carriero ML, Alaverdian D, Busani S, Bruno R, Vecchia M, Belli MA, Mantovani S, Ludovisi S, Quiros-Roldan E, Antoni MD, Zanella I, Siano M, Emiliozzi A, Fabbiani M, Rossetti B, Bergantini L, D’Alessandro M, Cameli P, Bennett D, Anedda F, Marcantonio S, Scolletta S, Guerrini S, Conticini E, Frediani B, Spertilli C, Donati A, Guidelli L, Corridi M, Croci L, Piacentini P, Desanctis E, Cappelli S, Verzuri A, Anemoli V, Pancrazzi A, Lorubbio M, Miraglia FG, Venturelli S, Cossarizza A, Vergori A, Gabrieli A, Riva A, Paciosi F, Andretta F, Gatti F, Parisi SG, Baratti S, Piscopo C, Russo R, Andolfo I, Iolascon A, Carella M, Merla G, Squeo GM, Raggi P, Marciano C, Perna R, Bassetti M, Sanguinetti M, Giorli A, Salerni L, Parravicini P, Menatti E, Trotta T, Coiro G, Lena F, Martinelli E, Mancarella S, Gabbi C, Maggiolo F, Ripamonti D, Bachetti T, Suardi C, Parati G, Bottà G, Domenico PD, Rancan I, Bianchi F, Colombo R, Barbieri C, Acquilini D, Andreucci E, Segala FV, Tiseo G, Falcone M, Lista M, Poscente M, Vivo OD, Petrocelli P, Guarnaccia A, Baroni S, Hayward C, Porteous DJ, Fawns-Ritchie C, Richmond A, Campbell A, van Heel DA, Hunt KA, Trembath RC, Huang QQ, Martin HC, Mason D, Trivedi B, Wright J, Finer S, Akhtar S, Anwar M, Arciero E, Ashraf S, Breen G, Chung R, Curtis CJ, Chowdhury M, Colligan G, Deloukas P, Durham C, Finer S, Griffiths C, Huang QQ, Hurles M, Hunt KA, Hussain S, Islam K, Khan A, Khan A, Lavery C, Lee SH, Lerner R, MacArthur D, MacLaughlin B, Martin H, Mason D, Miah S, Newman B, Safa N, Tahmasebi F, Trembath RC, Trivedi B, van Heel DA, Wright J, Griffiths CJ, Smith AV, Boughton AP, Li KW, LeFaive J, Annis A, Niavarani A, Aliannejad R, Sharififard B, Amirsavadkouhi A, Naderpour Z, Tadi HA, Aleagha AE, Ahmadi S, Moghaddam SBM, Adamsara A, Saeedi M, Abdollahi H, Hosseini A, Chariyavilaskul P, Jantarabenjakul W, Hirankarn N, Chamnanphon M, Suttichet TB, Shotelersuk V, Pongpanich M, Phokaew C, Chetruengchai W, Putchareon O, Torvorapanit P, Puthanakit T, Suchartlikitwong P, Nilaratanakul V, Sodsai P, Brumpton BM, Hveem K, Willer C, Wolford B, Zhou W, Rogne T, Solligard E, Åsvold BO, Franke L, Boezen M, Deelen P, Claringbould A, Lopera E, Warmerdam R, Vonk JM, van Blokland I, Lanting P, Ori APS, Feng YCA, Mercader J, Weiss ST, Karlson EW, Smoller JW, Murphy SN, Meigs JB, Woolley AE, Green RC, Perez EF, Wolford B, Zöllner S, Wang J, Beck A, Sloofman LG, Ascolillo S, Sebra RP, Collins BL, Levy T, Buxbaum JD, Sealfon SC, Jordan DM, Thompson RC, Gettler K, Chaudhary K, Belbin GM, Preuss M, Hoggart C, Choi S, Underwood SJ, Salib I, Britvan B, Keller K, Tang L, Peruggia M, Hiester LL, Niblo K, Aksentijevich A, Labkowsky A, Karp A, Zlatopolsky M, Zyndorf M, Charney AW, Beckmann ND, Schadt EE, Abul-Husn NS, Cho JH, Itan Y, Kenny EE, Loos RJF, Nadkarni GN, Do R, O’Reilly P, Huckins LM, Ferreira MAR, Abecasis GR, Leader JB, Cantor MN, Justice AE, Carey DJ, Chittoor G, Josyula NS, Kosmicki JA, Horowitz JE, Baras A, Gass MC, Yadav A, Mirshahi T, Hottenga JJ, Bartels M, de geus EEJC, Nivard MMG, Verma A, Ritchie MD, Rader D, Li B, Verma SS, Lucas A, Bradford Y, Abedalthagafi M, Alaamery M, Alshareef A, Sawaji M, Massadeh S, AlMalik A, Alqahtani S, Baraka D, Harthi FA, Alsolm E, Safieh LA, Alowayn AM, Alqubaishi F, Mutairi AA, Mangul S, Almutairi M, Aljawini N, Albesher N, Arabi YM, Mahmoud ES, Khattab AK, Halawani RT, Alahmadey ZZ, Albakri JK, Felemban WA, Suliman BA, Hasanato R, Al-Awdah L, Alghamdi J, AlZahrani D, AlJohani S, Al-Afghani H, AlDhawi N, AlBardis H, Alkwai S, Alswailm M, Almalki F, Albeladi M, Almohammed I, Barhoush E, Albader A, Alotaibi S, Alghamdi B, Jung J, fawzy MS, Alrashed M, Zeberg H, Nkambul L, Frithiof R, Hultström M, Lipcsey M, Tardif N, Rooyackers O, Grip J, Maricic T, Helgeland Ø, Magnus P, Trogstad LIS, Lee Y, Harris JR, Mangino M, Spector TD, Emma D, Moutsianas L, Caulfield MJ, Scott RH, Kousathanas A, Pasko D, Walker S, Stuckey A, Odhams CA, Rhodes D, Fowler T, Rendon A, Chan G, Arumugam P, Karczewski KJ, Martin AR, Wilson DJ, Spencer CCA, Crook DW, Wyllie DH, O’Connell AM, Atkinson EG, Kanai M, Tsuo K, Baya N, Turley P, Gupta R, Walters RK, Palmer DS, Sarma G, Solomonson M, Cheng N, Lu W, Churchhouse C, Goldstein JI, King D, Zhou W, Seed C, Daly MJ, Neale BM, Finucane H, Bryant S, Satterstrom FK, Band G, Earle SG, Lin SK, Arning N, Koelling N, Armstrong J, Rudkin JK, Callier S, Bryant S, Cusick C, Soranzo N, Zhao JH, Danesh J, Angelantonio ED, Butterworth AS, Sun YV, Huffman JE, Cho K, O’Donnell CJ, Tsao P, Gaziano JM, Peloso G, Ho YL, Smieszek SP, Polymeropoulos C, Polymeropoulos V, Polymeropoulos MH, Przychodzen BP, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Planas AM, Perez-Tur J, Llucià-Carol L, Cullell N, Muiño E, Cárcel-Márquez J, DeDiego ML, Iglesias LL, Soriano A, Rico V, Agüero D, Bedini JL, Lozano F, Domingo C, Robles V, Ruiz-Jaén F, Márquez L, Gomez J, Coto E, Albaiceta GM, García-Clemente M, Dalmau D, Arranz MJ, Dietl B, Serra-Llovich A, Soler P, Colobrán R, Martín-Nalda A, Martínez AP, Bernardo D, Rojo S, Fiz-López A, Arribas E, de la Cal-Sabater P, Segura T, González-Villa E, Serrano-Heras G, Martí-Fàbregas J, Jiménez-Xarrié E, de Felipe Mimbrera A, Masjuan J, García-Madrona S, Domínguez-Mayoral A, Villalonga JM, Menéndez-Valladares P, Chasman DI, Sesso HD, Manson JE, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Franco G, Davis L, Lee S, Priest J, Sankaran VG, van Heel D, Biesecker L, Kerchberger VE, Baillie JK. A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature 2022; 608:E1-E10. [PMID: 35922517 PMCID: PMC9352569 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hodgson S, Huang QQ, Sallah N, Griffiths CJ, Newman WG, Trembath RC, Wright J, Lumbers RT, Kuchenbaecker K, van Heel DA, Mathur R, Martin HC, Finer S. Integrating polygenic risk scores in the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk and subtypes in British Pakistanis and Bangladeshis: A population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003981. [PMID: 35587468 PMCID: PMC9119501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is highly prevalent in British South Asians, yet they are underrepresented in research. Genes & Health (G&H) is a large, population study of British Pakistanis and Bangladeshis (BPB) comprising genomic and routine health data. We assessed the extent to which genetic risk for T2D is shared between BPB and European populations (EUR). We then investigated whether the integration of a polygenic risk score (PRS) for T2D with an existing risk tool (QDiabetes) could improve prediction of incident disease and the characterisation of disease subtypes. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this observational cohort study, we assessed whether common genetic loci associated with T2D in EUR individuals were replicated in 22,490 BPB individuals in G&H. We replicated fewer loci in G&H (n = 76/338, 22%) than would be expected given power if all EUR-ascertained loci were transferable (n = 101, 30%; p = 0.001). Of the 27 transferable loci that were powered to interrogate this, only 9 showed evidence of shared causal variants. We constructed a T2D PRS and combined it with a clinical risk instrument (QDiabetes) in a novel, integrated risk tool (IRT) to assess risk of incident diabetes. To assess model performance, we compared categorical net reclassification index (NRI) versus QDiabetes alone. In 13,648 patients free from T2D followed up for 10 years, NRI was 3.2% for IRT versus QDiabetes (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0% to 4.4%). IRT performed best in reclassification of individuals aged less than 40 years deemed low risk by QDiabetes alone (NRI 5.6%, 95% CI 3.6% to 7.6%), who tended to be free from comorbidities and slim. After adjustment for QDiabetes score, PRS was independently associated with progression to T2D after gestational diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) per SD of PRS 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.42, p = 0.028). Using cluster analysis of clinical features at diabetes diagnosis, we replicated previously reported disease subgroups, including Mild Age-Related, Mild Obesity-related, and Insulin-Resistant Diabetes, and showed that PRS distribution differs between subgroups (p = 0.002). Integrating PRS in this cluster analysis revealed a Probable Severe Insulin Deficient Diabetes (pSIDD) subgroup, despite the absence of clinical measures of insulin secretion or resistance. We also observed differences in rates of progression to micro- and macrovascular complications between subgroups after adjustment for confounders. Study limitations include the absence of an external replication cohort and the potential biases arising from missing or incorrect routine health data. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of the transferability of T2D loci between EUR and BPB indicates the need for larger, multiancestry studies to better characterise the genetic contribution to disease and its varied aetiology. We show that a T2D PRS optimised for this high-risk BPB population has potential clinical application in BPB, improving the identification of T2D risk (especially in the young) on top of an established clinical risk algorithm and aiding identification of subgroups at diagnosis, which may help future efforts to stratify care and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hodgson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Qin Qin Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Neneh Sallah
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Genes & Health Research Team
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J. Griffiths
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William G. Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - R. Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karoline Kuchenbaecker
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rohini Mathur
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary C. Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Finer
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Graham SE, Clarke SL, Wu KHH, Kanoni S, Zajac GJM, Ramdas S, Surakka I, Ntalla I, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Hwang MY, Han S, Narita A, Choudhury A, Bentley AR, Ekoru K, Verma A, Trivedi B, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Hui Q, Klarin D, Zhu X, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Ruotsalainen SE, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Feng Q, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Pacheco JA, Pendergrass SA, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Hindy G, Rasheed A, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Sidore C, Fiorillo E, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Thuesen BH, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Preuss M, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Kember RL, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Leonard HL, Marten J, Schmidt B, Arendt M, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Ahmed M, Jackson AU, Yousri NA, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Chai X, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Hung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Gorski M, Brumat M, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Xue C, Zhang J, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, Lee J, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Zimmermann ME, Lee JY, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hildalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Schwander K, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Highland HM, Young KL, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Nadkarni GN, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, Bhatti KF, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YDI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Chen YE, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Jung B, Böger CA, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, den Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Yajnik CS, Mercader JM, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Lu F, Qu J, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, 't Hart LM, Elders PJM, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney LALM, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Cucca F, Mook-Kanamori DO, van Dijk KW, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Justice AE, Baras A, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson P, Rotimi CN, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, Kim BJ, Mohlke KL, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Boehnke M, Natarajan P, Peloso GM, Brown CD, Morris AP, Assimes TL, Deloukas P, Sun YV, Willer CJ. The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids. Nature 2021; 600:675-679. [PMID: 34887591 PMCID: PMC8730582 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased blood lipid levels are heritable risk factors of cardiovascular disease with varied prevalence worldwide owing to different dietary patterns and medication use1. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, in particular through reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels2, heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide3. Genome-wideassociation studies (GWAS) of blood lipid levels have led to important biological and clinical insights, as well as new drug targets, for cardiovascular disease. However, most previous GWAS4-23 have been conducted in European ancestry populations and may have missed genetic variants that contribute to lipid-level variation in other ancestry groups. These include differences in allele frequencies, effect sizes and linkage-disequilibrium patterns24. Here we conduct a multi-ancestry, genome-wide genetic discovery meta-analysis of lipid levels in approximately 1.65 million individuals, including 350,000 of non-European ancestries. We quantify the gain in studying non-European ancestries and provide evidence to support the expansion of recruitment of additional ancestries, even with relatively small sample sizes. We find that increasing diversity rather than studying additional individuals of European ancestry results in substantial improvements in fine-mapping functional variants and portability of polygenic prediction (evaluated in approximately 295,000 individuals from 7 ancestry groupings). Modest gains in the number of discovered loci and ancestry-specific variants were also achieved. As GWAS expand emphasis beyond the identification of genes and fundamental biology towards the use of genetic variants for preventive and precision medicine25, we anticipate that increased diversity of participants will lead to more accurate and equitable26 application of polygenic scores in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Group of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari,, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Arendt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez
- Departamento de Genómica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Meraj Ahmed
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA,, USA
| | | | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA,, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIA, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Ronne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hildalgo
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | | | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Bettina Jung
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, Athens, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ronald M Krauss
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Josep M Mercader
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Bimédicas UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Dirección de Nutrición and Unidad de Estudios de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Fan Lu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanent Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anne E Justice
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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14
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Lam BYH, Williamson A, Finer S, Day FR, Tadross JA, Gonçalves Soares A, Wade K, Sweeney P, Bedenbaugh MN, Porter DT, Melvin A, Ellacott KLJ, Lippert RN, Buller S, Rosmaninho-Salgado J, Dowsett GKC, Ridley KE, Xu Z, Cimino I, Rimmington D, Rainbow K, Duckett K, Holmqvist S, Khan A, Dai X, Bochukova EG, Trembath RC, Martin HC, Coll AP, Rowitch DH, Wareham NJ, van Heel DA, Timpson N, Simerly RB, Ong KK, Cone RD, Langenberg C, Perry JRB, Yeo GS, O'Rahilly S. MC3R links nutritional state to childhood growth and the timing of puberty. Nature 2021; 599:436-441. [PMID: 34732894 PMCID: PMC8819628 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The state of somatic energy stores in metazoans is communicated to the brain, which regulates key aspects of behaviour, growth, nutrient partitioning and development1. The central melanocortin system acts through melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) to control appetite, food intake and energy expenditure2. Here we present evidence that MC3R regulates the timing of sexual maturation, the rate of linear growth and the accrual of lean mass, which are all energy-sensitive processes. We found that humans who carry loss-of-function mutations in MC3R, including a rare homozygote individual, have a later onset of puberty. Consistent with previous findings in mice, they also had reduced linear growth, lean mass and circulating levels of IGF1. Mice lacking Mc3r had delayed sexual maturation and an insensitivity of reproductive cycle length to nutritional perturbation. The expression of Mc3r is enriched in hypothalamic neurons that control reproduction and growth, and expression increases during postnatal development in a manner that is consistent with a role in the regulation of sexual maturation. These findings suggest a bifurcating model of nutrient sensing by the central melanocortin pathway with signalling through MC4R controlling the acquisition and retention of calories, whereas signalling through MC3R primarily regulates the disposition of calories into growth, lean mass and the timing of sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Williamson
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Finer
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - F R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Tadross
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Gonçalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P Sweeney
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M N Bedenbaugh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D T Porter
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Melvin
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K L J Ellacott
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - R N Lippert
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Buller
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Rosmaninho-Salgado
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G K C Dowsett
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K E Ridley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Z Xu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Cimino
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Rimmington
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Rainbow
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Duckett
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Holmqvist
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Khan
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - X Dai
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - E G Bochukova
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - R C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H C Martin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - A P Coll
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - D H Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D A van Heel
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - N Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R B Simerly
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G S Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - S O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Toshner M, Church C, Harbaum L, Rhodes C, Villar Moreschi SS, Liley J, Jones R, Arora A, Batai K, Desai AA, Coghlan JG, Gibbs JSR, Gor D, Gräf S, Harlow L, Hernandez-Sanchez J, Howard LS, Humbert M, Karnes J, Kiely DG, Kittles R, Knightbridge E, Lam B, Lutz KA, Nichols WC, Pauciulo MW, Pepke-Zaba J, Suntharalingam J, Soubrier F, Trembath RC, Schwantes-An THL, Wort SJ, Wilkins M, Gaine S, Morrell NW, Corris PA. Mendelian randomisation and experimental medicine approaches to IL-6 as a drug target in PAH. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.02463-2020. [PMID: 34588193 PMCID: PMC8907935 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02463-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation and dysregulated immunity are important in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Compelling preclinical data supports the therapeutic blockade of interleukin-6 (IL-6) signalling. Methods We conducted a phase 2 open-label study of intravenous tocilizumab (8 mg·kg−1) over 6 months in patients with group 1 PAH. Co-primary end-points were safety, defined by incidence and severity of adverse events, and change in pulmonary vascular resistance. Separately, a mendelian randomisation study was undertaken on 11 744 individuals with European ancestry including 2085 patients with idiopathic/heritable disease for the IL-6 receptor (IL6R) variant (rs7529229), known to associate with circulating IL-6R levels. Results We recruited 29 patients (male/female 10/19; mean±sd age 54.9±11.4 years). Of these, 19 had heritable/idiopathic PAH and 10 had connective tissue disease-associated PAH. Six were withdrawn prior to drug administration; 23 patients received at least one dose of tocilizumab. Tocilizumab was discontinued in four patients owing to serious adverse events. There were no deaths. Despite evidence of target engagement in plasma IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels, both intention-to-treat and modified intention-to-treat analyses demonstrated no change in pulmonary vascular resistance. Inflammatory markers did not predict treatment response. Mendelian randomisation did not support an effect of the lead IL6R variant on risk of PAH (OR 0.99, p=0.88). Conclusion Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of tocilizumab. Tocilizumab did not show any consistent treatment effect. Tocilizumab did not block IL-6 signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Multicentre mendelian randomisation studies additionally did not demonstrate evidence for IL-6R in pulmonary arterial hypertension.https://bit.ly/3xkDxS5
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK .,Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lars Harbaum
- Heart Lung Research Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | - James Liley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Biostatistical Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rowena Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amit Arora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Arizona, US
| | - Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Arizona, US
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indiana, US
| | | | | | - Dee Gor
- Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Luke S Howard
- Heart Lung Research Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Jason Karnes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Arizona, US
| | | | - Rick Kittles
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Arizona, US
| | | | - Brian Lam
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie A Lutz
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, US
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, US
| | - Michael W Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, US
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S John Wort
- Heart Lung Research Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Martin Wilkins
- Heart Lung Research Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sean Gaine
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Paul A Corris
- Department of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.,Authors contributed equally to this work
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16
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Zhu N, Swietlik EM, Welch CL, Pauciulo MW, Hagen JJ, Zhou X, Guo Y, Karten J, Pandya D, Tilly T, Lutz KA, Martin JM, Treacy CM, Rosenzweig EB, Krishnan U, Coleman AW, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Lawrie A, Trembath RC, Wilkins MR, Morrell NW, Shen Y, Gräf S, Nichols WC, Chung WK. Correction to: Rare variant analysis of 4241 pulmonary arterial hypertension cases from an international consortium implicates FBLN2, PDGFD, and rare de novo variants in PAH. Genome Med 2021; 13:106. [PMID: 34158098 PMCID: PMC8220777 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael W Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacob J Hagen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueya Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tobias Tilly
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie A Lutz
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer M Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmen M Treacy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erika B Rosenzweig
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Usha Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anna W Coleman
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Zhu N, Swietlik EM, Welch CL, Pauciulo MW, Hagen JJ, Zhou X, Guo Y, Karten J, Pandya D, Tilly T, Lutz KA, Martin JM, Treacy CM, Rosenzweig EB, Krishnan U, Coleman AW, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Lawrie A, Trembath RC, Wilkins MR, Morrell NW, Shen Y, Gräf S, Nichols WC, Chung WK. Rare variant analysis of 4241 pulmonary arterial hypertension cases from an international consortium implicates FBLN2, PDGFD, and rare de novo variants in PAH. Genome Med 2021; 13:80. [PMID: 33971972 PMCID: PMC8112021 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal vasculopathy characterized by pathogenic remodeling of pulmonary arterioles leading to increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure. PAH can be associated with other diseases (APAH: connective tissue diseases, congenital heart disease, and others) but often the etiology is idiopathic (IPAH). Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) are the cause of most heritable cases but the vast majority of other cases are genetically undefined. METHODS To identify new risk genes, we utilized an international consortium of 4241 PAH cases with exome or genome sequencing data from the National Biological Sample and Data Repository for PAH, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and the UK NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases Study. The strength of this combined cohort is a doubling of the number of IPAH cases compared to either national cohort alone. We identified protein-coding variants and performed rare variant association analyses in unrelated participants of European ancestry, including 1647 IPAH cases and 18,819 controls. We also analyzed de novo variants in 124 pediatric trios enriched for IPAH and APAH-CHD. RESULTS Seven genes with rare deleterious variants were associated with IPAH with false discovery rate smaller than 0.1: three known genes (BMPR2, GDF2, and TBX4), two recently identified candidate genes (SOX17, KDR), and two new candidate genes (fibulin 2, FBLN2; platelet-derived growth factor D, PDGFD). The new genes were identified based solely on rare deleterious missense variants, a variant type that could not be adequately assessed in either cohort alone. The candidate genes exhibit expression patterns in lung and heart similar to that of known PAH risk genes, and most variants occur in conserved protein domains. For pediatric PAH, predicted deleterious de novo variants exhibited a significant burden compared to the background mutation rate (2.45×, p = 2.5e-5). At least eight novel pediatric candidate genes carrying de novo variants have plausible roles in lung/heart development. CONCLUSIONS Rare variant analysis of a large international consortium identified two new candidate genes-FBLN2 and PDGFD. The new genes have known functions in vasculogenesis and remodeling. Trio analysis predicted that ~ 15% of pediatric IPAH may be explained by de novo variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael W Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacob J Hagen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueya Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tobias Tilly
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie A Lutz
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer M Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmen M Treacy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erika B Rosenzweig
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Usha Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anna W Coleman
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Minikel EV, Karczewski KJ, Martin HC, Cummings BB, Whiffin N, Rhodes D, Alföldi J, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Daly MJ, Schreiber SL, MacArthur DG. Author Correction: Evaluating drug targets through human loss-of-function genetic variation. Nature 2021; 590:E56. [PMID: 33536628 PMCID: PMC8064910 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03177-5
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vallabh Minikel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Prion Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Konrad J Karczewski
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Beryl B Cummings
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Rhodes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London and Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jessica Alföldi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Daly
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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19
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Swietlik EM, Greene D, Zhu N, Megy K, Cogliano M, Rajaram S, Pandya D, Tilly T, Lutz KA, Welch CC, Pauciulo MW, Southgate L, Martin JM, Treacy CM, Penkett CJ, Stephens JC, Bogaard HJ, Church C, Coghlan G, Coleman AW, Condliffe R, Eichstaedt CA, Eyries M, Gall H, Ghio S, Girerd B, Grünig E, Holden S, Howard L, Humbert M, Kiely DG, Kovacs G, Lordan J, Machado RD, MacKenzie Ross RV, McCabe C, Moledina S, Montani D, Olschewski H, Pepke-Zaba J, Price L, Rhodes CJ, Seeger W, Soubrier F, Suntharalingam J, Toshner MR, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Wharton J, Wild JM, Wort SJ, Lawrie A, Wilkins MR, Trembath RC, Shen Y, Chung WK, Swift AJ, Nichols WC, Morrell NW, Gräf S. Bayesian Inference Associates Rare KDR Variants with Specific Phenotypes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circ Genom Precis Med 2020; 14. [PMID: 33320693 PMCID: PMC7892262 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background - Approximately 25% of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been found to harbor rare mutations in disease-causing genes. To identify missing heritability in PAH we integrated deep phenotyping with whole-genome sequencing data using Bayesian statistics. Methods - We analyzed 13,037 participants enrolled in the NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases (NBR) study, of which 1,148 were recruited to the PAH domain. To test for genetic associations between genes and selected phenotypes of pulmonary hypertension (PH), we used the Bayesian rare-variant association method BeviMed. Results - Heterozygous, high impact, likely loss-of-function variants in the Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) gene were strongly associated with significantly reduced transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide (KCO, posterior probability (PP)=0.989) and older age at diagnosis (PP=0.912). We also provide evidence for familial segregation of a rare nonsense KDR variant with these phenotypes. On computed tomographic imaging of the lungs, a range of parenchymal abnormalities were observed in the five patients harboring these predicted deleterious variants in KDR. Four additional PAH cases with rare likely loss-of-function variants in KDR were independently identified in the US PAH Biobank cohort with similar phenotypic characteristics. Conclusions - The Bayesian inference approach allowed us to independently validate KDR, which encodes for the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2), as a novel PAH candidate gene. Furthermore, this approach specifically associated high impact likely loss-of-function variants in the genetically constrained gene with distinct phenotypes. These findings provide evidence for KDR being a clinically actionable PAH gene and further support the central role of the vascular endothelium in the pathobiology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Daniel Greene
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics (N.Z., C.C.L.W.), Columbia University, NY
- Department of Systems Biology (N.Z., Y.S.), Columbia University, NY
| | - Karyn Megy
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Marcella Cogliano
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - Smitha Rajaram
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (S.R.)
| | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Tobias Tilly
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Katie A. Lutz
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
| | | | - Michael W. Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.W.P., W.C.N.)
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, United Kingdom (L.S., R.D.M.)
| | - Jennifer M. Martin
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Carmen M. Treacy
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Christopher J. Penkett
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Jonathan C. Stephens
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Harm J. Bogaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.B., A.V.N.)
| | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow (C.C.)
| | | | - Anna W. Coleman
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, United Kingdom (R.C., D.G.K.)
| | - Christina A. Eichstaedt
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University (C.A.E.)
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik gGmbH Heidelberg at Heidelberg University Hospital (C.A.E., E.G.)
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany (C.A.E., E.G.)
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris & UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France (M.E., F.S.)
| | - Henning Gall
- University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany (H.G., W.S.)
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S. Ghio)
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik gGmbH Heidelberg at Heidelberg University Hospital (C.A.E., E.G.)
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany (C.A.E., E.G.)
| | - Simon Holden
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (S.H., N.W.M.)
| | - Luke Howard
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
| | - David G. Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, United Kingdom (R.C., D.G.K.)
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research (G.K., H.O.)
- Medical University of Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
| | - Jim Lordan
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.L.)
| | - Rajiv D. Machado
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, United Kingdom (L.S., R.D.M.)
| | | | - Colm McCabe
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (C.M., L.P., S.J.W.)
| | | | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research (G.K., H.O.)
- Medical University of Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (J.P.-Z., M.R.T., N.W.M.)
| | - Laura Price
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (C.M., L.P., S.J.W.)
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany (H.G., W.S.)
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris & UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France (M.E., F.S.)
| | | | - Mark R. Toshner
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (J.P.-Z., M.R.T., N.W.M.)
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.B., A.V.N.)
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - James M. Wild
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - Stephen John Wort
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (C.M., L.P., S.J.W.)
| | | | | | | | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, United Kingdom (R.C.T.)
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology (N.Z., Y.S.), Columbia University, NY
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.S.), Columbia University, NY
| | | | - Andrew J. Swift
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - William C. Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.W.P., W.C.N.)
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (S.H., N.W.M.)
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (J.P.-Z., M.R.T., N.W.M.)
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
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20
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Gelinas SM, Benson CE, Khan MA, Berger RMF, Trembath RC, Machado RD, Southgate L. Whole Exome Sequence Analysis Provides Novel Insights into the Genetic Framework of Childhood-Onset Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1328. [PMID: 33187088 PMCID: PMC7696319 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) describes a rare, progressive vascular disease caused by the obstruction of pulmonary arterioles, typically resulting in right heart failure. Whilst PAH most often manifests in adulthood, paediatric disease is considered to be a distinct entity with increased morbidity and often an unexplained resistance to current therapies. Recent genetic studies have substantially increased our understanding of PAH pathogenesis, providing opportunities for molecular diagnosis and presymptomatic genetic testing in families. However, the genetic architecture of childhood-onset PAH remains relatively poorly characterised. We sought to investigate a previously unsolved paediatric cohort (n = 18) using whole exome sequencing to improve the molecular diagnosis of childhood-onset PAH. Through a targeted investigation of 26 candidate genes, we applied a rigorous variant filtering methodology to enrich for rare, likely pathogenic variants. This analysis led to the detection of novel PAH risk alleles in five genes, including the first identification of a heterozygous ATP13A3 mutation in childhood-onset disease. In addition, we provide the first independent validation of BMP10 and PDGFD as genetic risk factors for PAH. These data provide a molecular diagnosis in 28% of paediatric cases, reflecting the increased genetic burden in childhood-onset disease and highlighting the importance of next-generation sequencing approaches to diagnostic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M. Gelinas
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (S.M.G.); (C.E.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Clare E. Benson
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (S.M.G.); (C.E.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mohammed A. Khan
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (S.M.G.); (C.E.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Rolf M. F. Berger
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Rajiv D. Machado
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (S.M.G.); (C.E.B.); (M.A.K.)
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Laura Southgate
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (S.M.G.); (C.E.B.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
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21
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Chen MH, Raffield LM, Mousas A, Sakaue S, Huffman JE, Moscati A, Trivedi B, Jiang T, Akbari P, Vuckovic D, Bao EL, Zhong X, Manansala R, Laplante V, Chen M, Lo KS, Qian H, Lareau CA, Beaudoin M, Hunt KA, Akiyama M, Bartz TM, Ben-Shlomo Y, Beswick A, Bork-Jensen J, Bottinger EP, Brody JA, van Rooij FJA, Chitrala K, Cho K, Choquet H, Correa A, Danesh J, Di Angelantonio E, Dimou N, Ding J, Elliott P, Esko T, Evans MK, Floyd JS, Broer L, Grarup N, Guo MH, Greinacher A, Haessler J, Hansen T, Howson JMM, Huang QQ, Huang W, Jorgenson E, Kacprowski T, Kähönen M, Kamatani Y, Kanai M, Karthikeyan S, Koskeridis F, Lange LA, Lehtimäki T, Lerch MM, Linneberg A, Liu Y, Lyytikäinen LP, Manichaikul A, Martin HC, Matsuda K, Mohlke KL, Mononen N, Murakami Y, Nadkarni GN, Nauck M, Nikus K, Ouwehand WH, Pankratz N, Pedersen O, Preuss M, Psaty BM, Raitakari OT, Roberts DJ, Rich SS, Rodriguez BAT, Rosen JD, Rotter JI, Schubert P, Spracklen CN, Surendran P, Tang H, Tardif JC, Trembath RC, Ghanbari M, Völker U, Völzke H, Watkins NA, Zonderman AB, Wilson PWF, Li Y, Butterworth AS, Gauchat JF, Chiang CWK, Li B, Loos RJF, Astle WJ, Evangelou E, van Heel DA, Sankaran VG, Okada Y, Soranzo N, Johnson AD, Reiner AP, Auer PL, Lettre G. Trans-ethnic and Ancestry-Specific Blood-Cell Genetics in 746,667 Individuals from 5 Global Populations. Cell 2020; 182:1198-1213.e14. [PMID: 32888493 PMCID: PMC7480402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most loci identified by GWASs have been found in populations of European ancestry (EUR). In trans-ethnic meta-analyses for 15 hematological traits in 746,667 participants, including 184,535 non-EUR individuals, we identified 5,552 trait-variant associations at p < 5 × 10-9, including 71 novel associations not found in EUR populations. We also identified 28 additional novel variants in ancestry-specific, non-EUR meta-analyses, including an IL7 missense variant in South Asians associated with lymphocyte count in vivo and IL-7 secretion levels in vitro. Fine-mapping prioritized variants annotated as functional and generated 95% credible sets that were 30% smaller when using the trans-ethnic as opposed to the EUR-only results. We explored the clinical significance and predictive value of trans-ethnic variants in multiple populations and compared genetic architecture and the effect of natural selection on these blood phenotypes between populations. Altogether, our results for hematological traits highlight the value of a more global representation of populations in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huei Chen
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Abdou Mousas
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Arden Moscati
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Tao Jiang
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Parsa Akbari
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Erik L Bao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02446, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Regina Manansala
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Véronique Laplante
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Minhui Chen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Huijun Qian
- Department of Statistics and Operation Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02446, USA
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Andrew Beswick
- Translational Health Sciences, Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamynaidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Medicine, Division on Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - John Danesh
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Niki Dimou
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69008, France; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Health Data Research UK - London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02446, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - James S Floyd
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael H Guo
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02446, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Jeff Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Qin Qin Huang
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute (SITI), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany; Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, Research Group Computational Systems Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Savita Karthikeyan
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fotis Koskeridis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg 2000, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany; Institue of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland; Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - David J Roberts
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Haematology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant - Oxford Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Benjamin A T Rodriguez
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rosen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Petra Schubert
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Praveen Surendran
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Watkins
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jean-François Gauchat
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Quantitative and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William J Astle
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02446, USA
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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22
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Rhodes CJ, Otero-Núñez P, Wharton J, Swietlik EM, Kariotis S, Harbaum L, Dunning MJ, Elinoff JM, Errington N, Thompson AAR, Iremonger J, Coghlan JG, Corris PA, Howard LS, Kiely DG, Church C, Pepke-Zaba J, Toshner M, Wort SJ, Desai AA, Humbert M, Nichols WC, Southgate L, Trégouët DA, Trembath RC, Prokopenko I, Gräf S, Morrell NW, Wang D, Lawrie A, Wilkins MR. Whole-Blood RNA Profiles Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Clinical Outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:586-594. [PMID: 32352834 PMCID: PMC7427383 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0510oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are rare but comprise a genetically heterogeneous patient group. RNA sequencing linked to the underlying genetic architecture can be used to better understand the underlying pathology by identifying key signaling pathways and stratify patients more robustly according to clinical risk.Objectives: To use a three-stage design of RNA discovery, RNA validation and model construction, and model validation to define a set of PAH-associated RNAs and a single summarizing RNA model score. To define genes most likely to be involved in disease development, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods: RNA sequencing was performed on whole-blood samples from 359 patients with idiopathic, heritable, and drug-induced PAH and 72 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The score was evaluated against disease severity markers including survival analysis using all-cause mortality from diagnosis. MR used known expression quantitative trait loci and summary statistics from a PAH genome-wide association study.Measurements and Main Results: We identified 507 genes with differential RNA expression in patients with PAH compared with control subjects. A model of 25 RNAs distinguished PAH with 87% accuracy (area under the curve 95% confidence interval: 0.791-0.945) in model validation. The RNA model score was associated with disease severity and long-term survival (P = 4.66 × 10-6) in PAH. MR detected an association between SMAD5 levels and PAH disease susceptibility (odds ratio, 0.317; 95% confidence interval, 0.129-0.776; P = 0.012).Conclusions: A whole-blood RNA signature of PAH, which includes RNAs relevant to disease pathogenesis, associates with disease severity and identifies patients with poor clinical outcomes. Genetic variants associated with lower SMAD5 expression may increase susceptibility to PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Otero-Núñez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sokratis Kariotis
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Lars Harbaum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Dunning
- Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M Elinoff
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Niamh Errington
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | | | - James Iremonger
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | | | - Paul A Corris
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David G Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | | | | | - Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM UMR_S 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Wang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience
- Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Minikel EV, Karczewski KJ, Martin HC, Cummings BB, Whiffin N, Rhodes D, Alföldi J, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Daly MJ, Schreiber SL, MacArthur DG. Evaluating drug targets through human loss-of-function genetic variation. Nature 2020; 581:459-464. [PMID: 32461653 PMCID: PMC7272226 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring human genetic variants that are predicted to inactivate protein-coding genes provide an in vivo model of human gene inactivation that complements knockout studies in cells and model organisms. Here we report three key findings regarding the assessment of candidate drug targets using human loss-of-function variants. First, even essential genes, in which loss-of-function variants are not tolerated, can be highly successful as targets of inhibitory drugs. Second, in most genes, loss-of-function variants are sufficiently rare that genotype-based ascertainment of homozygous or compound heterozygous 'knockout' humans will await sample sizes that are approximately 1,000 times those presently available, unless recruitment focuses on consanguineous individuals. Third, automated variant annotation and filtering are powerful, but manual curation remains crucial for removing artefacts, and is a prerequisite for recall-by-genotype efforts. Our results provide a roadmap for human knockout studies and should guide the interpretation of loss-of-function variants in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vallabh Minikel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Prion Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Konrad J Karczewski
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Beryl B Cummings
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Rhodes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London and Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jessica Alföldi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Daly
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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24
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McGregor TL, Hunt KA, Yee E, Mason D, Nioi P, Ticau S, Pelosi M, Loken PR, Finer S, Lawlor DA, Fauman EB, Huang QQ, Griffiths CJ, MacArthur DG, Trembath RC, Oglesbee D, Lieske JC, Erbe DV, Wright J, van Heel DA. Characterising a healthy adult with a rare HAO1 knockout to support a therapeutic strategy for primary hyperoxaluria. eLife 2020; 9:e54363. [PMID: 32207686 PMCID: PMC7108859 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By sequencing autozygous human populations, we identified a healthy adult woman with lifelong complete knockout of HAO1 (expected ~1 in 30 million outbred people). HAO1 (glycolate oxidase) silencing is the mechanism of lumasiran, an investigational RNA interference therapeutic for primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Her plasma glycolate levels were 12 times, and urinary glycolate 6 times, the upper limit of normal observed in healthy reference individuals (n = 67). Plasma metabolomics and lipidomics (1871 biochemicals) revealed 18 markedly elevated biochemicals (>5 sd outliers versus n = 25 controls) suggesting additional HAO1 effects. Comparison with lumasiran preclinical and clinical trial data suggested she has <2% residual glycolate oxidase activity. Cell line p.Leu333SerfsTer4 expression showed markedly reduced HAO1 protein levels and cellular protein mis-localisation. In this woman, lifelong HAO1 knockout is safe and without clinical phenotype, de-risking a therapeutic approach and informing therapeutic mechanisms. Unlocking evidence from the diversity of human genetic variation can facilitate drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute and Institute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elaine Yee
- Alnylam PharmaceuticalsCambridgeUnited States
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation TrustBradfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Nioi
- Alnylam PharmaceuticalsCambridgeUnited States
| | | | | | - Perry R Loken
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Nephrology and HypertensionRochesterUnited States
| | - Sarah Finer
- Blizard Institute and Institute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield GroveBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol UniversityBristolUnited Kingdom
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research CentreBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Eric B Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Blizard Institute and Institute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Nephrology and HypertensionRochesterUnited States
| | - John C Lieske
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Nephrology and HypertensionRochesterUnited States
| | | | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation TrustBradfordUnited Kingdom
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute and Institute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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25
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Hodgson J, Swietlik EM, Salmon RM, Hadinnapola C, Nikolic I, Wharton J, Guo J, Liley J, Haimel M, Bleda M, Southgate L, Machado RD, Martin JM, Treacy CM, Yates K, Daugherty LC, Shamardina O, Whitehorn D, Holden S, Bogaard HJ, Church C, Coghlan G, Condliffe R, Corris PA, Danesino C, Eyries M, Gall H, Ghio S, Ghofrani HA, Gibbs JSR, Girerd B, Houweling AC, Howard L, Humbert M, Kiely DG, Kovacs G, Lawrie A, MacKenzie Ross RV, Moledina S, Montani D, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Ouwehand WH, Peacock AJ, Pepke-Zaba J, Prokopenko I, Rhodes CJ, Scelsi L, Seeger W, Soubrier F, Suntharalingam J, Toshner MR, Trembath RC, Noordegraaf AV, Wort SJ, Wilkins MR, Yu PB, Li W, Gräf S, Upton PD, Morrell NW. Characterization of GDF2 Mutations and Levels of BMP9 and BMP10 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:575-585. [PMID: 31661308 PMCID: PMC7047445 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1141oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Recently, rare heterozygous mutations in GDF2 were identified in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). GDF2 encodes the circulating BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) type 9, which is a ligand for the BMP2 receptor.Objectives: Here we determined the functional impact of GDF2 mutations and characterized plasma BMP9 and BMP10 levels in patients with idiopathic PAH.Methods: Missense BMP9 mutant proteins were expressed in vitro and the impact on BMP9 protein processing and secretion, endothelial signaling, and functional activity was assessed. Plasma BMP9 and BMP10 levels and activity were assayed in patients with PAH with GDF2 variants and in control subjects. Levels were also measured in a larger cohort of control subjects (n = 120) and patients with idiopathic PAH (n = 260).Measurements and Main Results: We identified a novel rare variation at the GDF2 and BMP10 loci, including copy number variation. In vitro, BMP9 missense proteins demonstrated impaired cellular processing and secretion. Patients with PAH who carried these mutations exhibited reduced plasma levels of BMP9 and reduced BMP activity. Unexpectedly, plasma BMP10 levels were also markedly reduced in these individuals. Although overall BMP9 and BMP10 levels did not differ between patients with PAH and control subjects, BMP10 levels were lower in PAH females. A subset of patients with PAH had markedly reduced plasma levels of BMP9 and BMP10 in the absence of GDF2 mutations.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that GDF2 mutations result in BMP9 loss of function and are likely causal. These mutations lead to reduced circulating levels of both BMP9 and BMP10. These findings support therapeutic strategies to enhance BMP9 or BMP10 signaling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine and,Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ivana Nikolic
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Haimel
- Department of Medicine and,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laura Southgate
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv D. Machado
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M. Martin
- Department of Medicine and,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen M. Treacy
- Department of Medicine and,Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Yates
- Department of Medicine and,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C. Daugherty
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Shamardina
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Whitehorn
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Holden
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harm J. Bogaard
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robin Condliffe
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cesare Danesino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Henning Gall
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Department of Medicine and,University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
| | - J. Simon R. Gibbs
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, INSERM UMR_S 999, Paris, France
| | - Arjan C. Houweling
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, INSERM UMR_S 999, Paris, France
| | - David G. Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria,Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Montani
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, INSERM UMR_S 999, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria,Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Scelsi
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Werner Seeger
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | - Mark R. Toshner
- Department of Medicine and,Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stephen J. Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul B. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine and,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine and,National Institute for Health Research BioResource–Rare Diseases, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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26
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Ulrich A, Wharton J, Thayer TE, Swietlik EM, Assad TR, Desai AA, Gräf S, Harbaum L, Humbert M, Morrell NW, Nichols WC, Soubrier F, Southgate L, Trégouët DA, Trembath RC, Brittain EL, Wilkins MR, Prokopenko I, Rhodes CJ. Mendelian randomisation analysis of red cell distribution width in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01486-2019. [PMID: 31744833 PMCID: PMC7015630 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01486-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that leads to premature death from right heart failure. It is strongly associated with elevated red cell distribution width (RDW), a correlate of several iron status biomarkers. High RDW values can signal early-stage iron deficiency or iron deficiency anaemia. This study investigated whether elevated RDW is causally associated with PAH.A two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach was applied to investigate whether genetic predisposition to higher levels of RDW increases the odds of developing PAH. Primary and secondary MR analyses were performed using all available genome-wide significant RDW variants (n=179) and five genome-wide significant RDW variants that act via systemic iron status, respectively.We confirmed the observed association between RDW and PAH (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.80-2.01) in a multicentre case-control study (cases n=642, disease controls n=15 889). The primary MR analysis was adequately powered to detect a causal effect (odds ratio) between 1.25 and 1.52 or greater based on estimates reported in the RDW genome-wide association study or from our own data. There was no evidence for a causal association between RDW and PAH in either the primary (ORcausal 1.07, 95% CI 0.92-1.24) or the secondary (ORcausal 1.09, 95% CI 0.77-1.54) MR analysis.The results suggest that at least some of the observed association of RDW with PAH is secondary to disease progression. Results of iron therapeutic trials in PAH should be interpreted with caution, as any improvements observed may not be mechanistically linked to the development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ulrich
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy E. Thayer
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emilia M. Swietlik
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ankit A. Desai
- Dept of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases, Cambridge, UK,Dept of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lars Harbaum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France,AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases, Cambridge, UK
| | - William C. Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Paris, France
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM UMR_S 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Evan L. Brittain
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK,Dept of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK,These authors contributed equally
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK,These authors contributed equally,Christopher J. Rhodes, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK. E-mail:
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27
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Finer S, Martin HC, Khan A, Hunt KA, MacLaughlin B, Ahmed Z, Ashcroft R, Durham C, MacArthur DG, McCarthy MI, Robson J, Trivedi B, Griffiths C, Wright J, Trembath RC, van Heel DA. Cohort Profile: East London Genes & Health (ELGH), a community-based population genomics and health study in British Bangladeshi and British Pakistani people. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:20-21i. [PMID: 31504546 PMCID: PMC7124496 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Finer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ahsan Khan
- London Borough of Waltham Forest, Waltham Forest Town Hall, Walthamstow, UK
| | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Beverley MacLaughlin
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John Robson
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chris Griffiths
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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28
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Bohnen MS, Ma L, Zhu N, Qi H, McClenaghan C, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Dewey FE, Overton JD, Reid JG, Shuldiner AR, Baras A, Sampson KJ, Bleda M, Hadinnapola C, Haimel M, Bogaard HJ, Church C, Coghlan G, Corris PA, Eyries M, Gibbs JSR, Girerd B, Houweling AC, Humbert M, Guignabert C, Kiely DG, Lawrie A, MacKenzie Ross RV, Martin JM, Montani D, Peacock AJ, Pepke-Zaba J, Soubrier F, Suntharalingam J, Toshner M, Treacy CM, Trembath RC, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Wharton J, Wilkins MR, Wort SJ, Yates K, Gräf S, Morrell NW, Krishnan U, Rosenzweig EB, Shen Y, Nichols CG, Kass RS, Chung WK. Loss-of-Function ABCC8 Mutations in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circ Genom Precis Med 2019; 11:e002087. [PMID: 30354297 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pathological changes in pulmonary arterioles progressively raise pulmonary artery pressure and increase pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to right heart failure and high mortality rates. Recently, the first potassium channelopathy in PAH, because of mutations in KCNK3, was identified as a genetic cause and pharmacological target. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed to identify novel genes in a cohort of 99 pediatric and 134 adult-onset group I PAH patients. Novel rare variants in the gene identified were independently identified in a cohort of 680 adult-onset patients. Variants were expressed in COS cells and function assessed by patch-clamp and rubidium flux analysis. RESULTS We identified a de novo novel heterozygous predicted deleterious missense variant c.G2873A (p.R958H) in ABCC8 in a child with idiopathic PAH. We then evaluated all individuals in the original and a second cohort for rare or novel variants in ABCC8 and identified 11 additional heterozygous predicted damaging ABCC8 variants. ABCC8 encodes SUR1 (sulfonylurea receptor 1)-a regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. We observed loss of ATP-sensitive potassium channel function for all ABCC8 variants evaluated and pharmacological rescue of all channel currents in vitro by the SUR1 activator, diazoxide. CONCLUSIONS Novel and rare missense variants in ABCC8 are associated with PAH. Identified ABCC8 mutations decreased ATP-sensitive potassium channel function, which was pharmacologically recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bohnen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.B., K.J.S., R.S.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons (L.M., N.Z., U.K., E.B.R., W.K.C.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons (L.M., N.Z., U.K., E.B.R., W.K.C.), Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Systems Biology (N.Z., H.Q., Y.S.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Hongjian Qi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics (H.Q., Y.S.), Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Systems Biology (N.Z., H.Q., Y.S.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Conor McClenaghan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (C.M., C.G.N.) and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (C.M., C.G.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (C.G.-J., F.E.D., J.D.O., J.G.R., A.R.S., A.B.)
| | - Frederick E Dewey
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (C.G.-J., F.E.D., J.D.O., J.G.R., A.R.S., A.B.)
| | - John D Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (C.G.-J., F.E.D., J.D.O., J.G.R., A.R.S., A.B.)
| | - Jeffrey G Reid
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (C.G.-J., F.E.D., J.D.O., J.G.R., A.R.S., A.B.)
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (C.G.-J., F.E.D., J.D.O., J.G.R., A.R.S., A.B.)
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (C.G.-J., F.E.D., J.D.O., J.G.R., A.R.S., A.B.)
| | - Kevin J Sampson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.B., K.J.S., R.S.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Marta Bleda
- Department of Medicine (M.B., C.H., M.H., J.M.M., M.T., C.M.T., K.Y., S.G., N.W.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charaka Hadinnapola
- Department of Medicine (M.B., C.H., M.H., J.M.M., M.T., C.M.T., K.Y., S.G., N.W.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Haimel
- Department of Medicine (M.B., C.H., M.H., J.M.M., M.T., C.M.T., K.Y., S.G., N.W.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harm J Bogaard
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.B., A.C.H., A.V.N.)
| | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland (C.C., A.J.P.)
| | | | - Paul A Corris
- Newcastle University (P.A.C.) and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (P.A.C.), United Kingdom
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Dépat de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (M.E., F.S.) and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) (M.E., F.S.), UPMC (Pierre and Marie Curie University) Sorbonne Universités, France
| | - J Simon R Gibbs
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.S.R.G., S.J.W.)
| | - Barbara Girerd
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire sévère, INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (B.G., M.H., C.G., D.M.)
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.B., A.C.H., A.V.N.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire sévère, INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (B.G., M.H., C.G., D.M.)
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire sévère, INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (B.G., M.H., C.G., D.M.)
| | - David G Kiely
- Sheffield Clinical Research Facility, Royal Hallamshire, Sheffield, United Kingdom (D.G.K.)
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.L.)
| | | | - Jennifer M Martin
- Department of Medicine (M.B., C.H., M.H., J.M.M., M.T., C.M.T., K.Y., S.G., N.W.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Montani
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire sévère, INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (B.G., M.H., C.G., D.M.)
| | - Andrew J Peacock
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland (C.C., A.J.P.)
| | | | - Florent Soubrier
- Dépat de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (M.E., F.S.) and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) (M.E., F.S.), UPMC (Pierre and Marie Curie University) Sorbonne Universités, France
| | | | - Mark Toshner
- Department of Medicine (M.B., C.H., M.H., J.M.M., M.T., C.M.T., K.Y., S.G., N.W.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.P.-Z., M.T.)
| | - Carmen M Treacy
- Department of Medicine (M.B., C.H., M.H., J.M.M., M.T., C.M.T., K.Y., S.G., N.W.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, England (R.C.T.)
| | | | - John Wharton
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom (J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom (J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Stephen J Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.S.R.G., S.J.W.).,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.J.W.)
| | - Katherine Yates
- Department of Medicine (M.B., C.H., M.H., J.M.M., M.T., C.M.T., K.Y., S.G., N.W.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine (M.B., C.H., M.H., J.M.M., M.T., C.M.T., K.Y., S.G., N.W.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Hematology (S.G.), Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine (M.B., C.H., M.H., J.M.M., M.T., C.M.T., K.Y., S.G., N.W.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Usha Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons (L.M., N.Z., U.K., E.B.R., W.K.C.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Erika B Rosenzweig
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons (L.M., N.Z., U.K., E.B.R., W.K.C.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics (H.Q., Y.S.), Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Systems Biology (N.Z., H.Q., Y.S.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (C.M., C.G.N.) and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (C.M., C.G.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert S Kass
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.B., K.J.S., R.S.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons (L.M., N.Z., U.K., E.B.R., W.K.C.), Columbia University, New York, NY
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Chowdhury HM, Sharmin N, Yuzbasioglu Baran M, Long L, Morrell NW, Trembath RC, Nasim MT. BMPRII deficiency impairs apoptosis via the BMPRII-ALK1-BclX-mediated pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2161-2173. [PMID: 30809644 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating cardiovascular disorder characterized by the remodelling of pre-capillary pulmonary arteries. The vascular remodelling observed in PAH patients results from excessive proliferation and apoptosis resistance of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). We have previously demonstrated that mutations in the type II receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMPRII) underlie the majority of the familial and inherited forms of the disease. We have further demonstrated that BMPRII deficiency promotes excessive proliferation and attenuates apoptosis in PASMCs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The major objective of this study is to investigate how BMPRII deficiency impairs apoptosis in PAH. Using multidisciplinary approaches, we demonstrate that deficiency in the expression of BMPRII impairs apoptosis by modulating the alternative splicing of the apoptotic regulator, B-cell lymphoma X (Bcl-x) transcripts: a finding observed in circulating leukocytes and lungs of PAH subjects, hypoxia-induced PAH rat lungs as well as in PASMCs and PAECs. BMPRII deficiency elicits cell specific effects: promoting the expression of Bcl-xL transcripts in PASMCs while inhibiting it in ECs, thus exerting differential apoptotic effects in these cells. The pro-survival effect of BMPRII receptor is mediated through the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) but not the ALK3 receptor. Finally, we show that BMPRII interacts with the ALK1 receptor and pathogenic mutations in the BMPR2 gene abolish this interaction. Taken together, dysfunctional BMPRII responsiveness impairs apoptosis via the BMPRII-ALK1-Bcl-xL pathway in PAH. We suggest Bcl-xL as a potential biomarker and druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chowdhury
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Sharmin
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Merve Yuzbasioglu Baran
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Long
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N W Morrell
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R C Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Md Talat Nasim
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health Agricultural and Socio-economic Advancements (CHASA), Lalmonirhat, Bangladesh
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30
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Newnham M, South K, Bleda M, Auger WR, Barberà JA, Bogaard H, Bunclark K, Cannon JE, Delcroix M, Hadinnapola C, Howard LS, Jenkins D, Mayer E, Ng C, Rhodes CJ, Screaton N, Sheares K, Simpson MA, Southwood M, Su L, Taboada D, Traylor M, Trembath RC, Villar SS, Wilkins MR, Wharton J, Gräf S, Pepke-Zaba J, Laffan M, Lane DA, Morrell NW, Toshner M. The ADAMTS13-VWF axis is dysregulated in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01805-2018. [PMID: 30655285 PMCID: PMC6437602 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01805-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is an important consequence of pulmonary embolism that is associated with abnormalities in haemostasis. We investigated the ADAMTS13–von Willebrand factor (VWF) axis in CTEPH, including its relationship with disease severity, inflammation, ABO groups and ADAMTS13 genetic variants. ADAMTS13 and VWF plasma antigen levels were measured in patients with CTEPH (n=208), chronic thromboembolic disease without pulmonary hypertension (CTED) (n=35), resolved pulmonary embolism (n=28), idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (n=30) and healthy controls (n=68). CTEPH genetic ABO associations and protein quantitative trait loci were investigated. ADAMTS13–VWF axis abnormalities were assessed in CTEPH and healthy control subsets by measuring ADAMTS13 activity, D-dimers and VWF multimeric size. Patients with CTEPH had decreased ADAMTS13 (adjusted β −23.4%, 95% CI −30.9– −15.1%, p<0.001) and increased VWF levels (β +75.5%, 95% CI 44.8–113%, p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. ADAMTS13 levels remained low after reversal of pulmonary hypertension by pulmonary endarterectomy surgery and were equally reduced in CTED. We identified a genetic variant near the ADAMTS13 gene associated with ADAMTS13 protein that accounted for ∼8% of the variation in levels. The ADAMTS13–VWF axis is dysregulated in CTEPH. This is unrelated to pulmonary hypertension, disease severity or markers of systemic inflammation and implicates the ADAMTS13–VWF axis in CTEPH pathobiology. The ADAMTS-13–VWF axis is dysregulated in chronic thromboembolism with and without pulmonary hypertension and is implicated in the pathogenesishttp://ow.ly/J9SC30nh5T0
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Newnham
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kieron South
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Bleda
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Joan A Barberà
- Hospital Clínic - IDIBAPS-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harm Bogaard
- VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Charaka Hadinnapola
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luke S Howard
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Eckhard Mayer
- Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Centre, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Choo Ng
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dept of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Michael A Simpson
- Dept of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, London, UK
| | | | - Li Su
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Matthew Traylor
- Dept of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Dept of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, London, UK
| | - Sofia S Villar
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dept of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dept of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Dept of Haematology, National Health Service Blood and Transplant Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute of Health Research BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Michael Laffan
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David A Lane
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Toshner
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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31
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Morrell NW, Aldred MA, Chung WK, Elliott CG, Nichols WC, Soubrier F, Trembath RC, Loyd JE. Genetics and genomics of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01899-2018. [PMID: 30545973 PMCID: PMC6351337 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01899-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since 2000 there have been major advances in our understanding of the genetic and genomics of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), although there remains much to discover. Based on existing knowledge, around 25-30% of patients diagnosed with idiopathic PAH have an underlying Mendelian genetic cause for their condition and should be classified as heritable PAH (HPAH). Here, we summarise the known genetic and genomic drivers of PAH, the insights these provide into pathobiology, and the opportunities afforded for development of novel therapeutic approaches. In addition, factors determining the incomplete penetrance observed in HPAH are discussed. The currently available approaches to genetic testing and counselling, and the impact of a genetic diagnosis on clinical management of the patient with PAH, are presented. Advances in DNA sequencing technology are rapidly expanding our ability to undertake genomic studies at scale in large cohorts. In the future, such studies will provide a more complete picture of the genetic contribution to PAH and, potentially, a molecular classification of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Morrell
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Gregory Elliott
- Intermountain Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James E Loyd
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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32
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Petridis C, Navarini AA, Dand N, Saklatvala J, Baudry D, Duckworth M, Allen MH, Curtis CJ, Lee SH, Burden AD, Layton A, Bataille V, Pink AE, Carlavan I, Voegel JJ, Spector TD, Trembath RC, McGrath JA, Smith CH, Barker JN, Simpson MA. Genome-wide meta-analysis implicates mediators of hair follicle development and morphogenesis in risk for severe acne. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5075. [PMID: 30542056 PMCID: PMC6290788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a highly heritable common, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin for which five genetic risk loci have so far been identified. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study of 3823 cases and 16,144 controls followed by meta-analysis with summary statistics from a previous study, with a total sample size of 26,722. We identify 20 independent association signals at 15 risk loci, 12 of which have not been previously implicated in the disease. Likely causal variants disrupt the coding region of WNT10A and a P63 transcription factor binding site in SEMA4B. Risk alleles at the 1q25 locus are associated with increased expression of LAMC2, in which biallelic loss-of-function mutations cause the blistering skin disease epidermolysis bullosa. These findings indicate that variation affecting the structure and maintenance of the skin, in particular the pilosebaceous unit, is a critical aspect of the genetic predisposition to severe acne. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammation of the skin, the genetic basis of which is incompletely understood. Here, Petridis et al. perform GWAS and meta-analysis for acne in 26,722 individuals and identify 12 novel risk loci that implicate structure and maintenance of the skin in severe acne risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Petridis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander A Navarini
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Departement of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nick Dand
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jake Saklatvala
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David Baudry
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael Duckworth
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael H Allen
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Charles J Curtis
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sang Hyuck Lee
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A David Burden
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alison Layton
- Department of Dermatology, Harrogate and District Foundation Trust, Harrogate, HG2 7SX, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Andrew E Pink
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Isabelle Carlavan
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Johannes J Voegel
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Tylee DS, Sun J, Hess JL, Tahir MA, Sharma E, Malik R, Worrall BB, Levine AJ, Martinson JJ, Nejentsev S, Speed D, Fischer A, Mick E, Walker BR, Crawford A, Grant SF, Polychronakos C, Bradfield JP, Sleiman PMA, Hakonarson H, Ellinghaus E, Elder JT, Tsoi LC, Trembath RC, Barker JN, Franke A, Dehghan A, Faraone SV, Glatt. SJ. Genetic correlations among psychiatric and immune-related phenotypes based on genome-wide association data. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:641-657. [PMID: 30325587 PMCID: PMC6230304 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with psychiatric disorders have elevated rates of autoimmune comorbidity and altered immune signaling. It is unclear whether these altered immunological states have a shared genetic basis with those psychiatric disorders. The present study sought to use existing summary-level data from previous genome-wide association studies to determine if commonly varying single nucleotide polymorphisms are shared between psychiatric and immune-related phenotypes. We estimated heritability and examined pair-wise genetic correlations using the linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and heritability estimation from summary statistics methods. Using LDSC, we observed significant genetic correlations between immune-related disorders and several psychiatric disorders, including anorexia nervosa, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, smoking behavior, and Tourette syndrome. Loci significantly mediating genetic correlations were identified for schizophrenia when analytically paired with Crohn's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ulcerative colitis. We report significantly correlated loci and highlight those containing genome-wide associations and candidate genes for respective disorders. We also used the LDSC method to characterize genetic correlations among the immune-related phenotypes. We discuss our findings in the context of relevant genetic and epidemiological literature, as well as the limitations and caveats of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Tylee
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Jiayin Sun
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan L. Hess
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Muhammad A. Tahir
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Esha Sharma
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Bradford B. Worrall
- Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Andrew J. Levine
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy J. Martinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | | | - Doug Speed
- Aarhus Institute for Advanced Studies and University College London, London, U.K
| | - Annegret Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric Mick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, U.S.A
| | - Brian R. Walker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Andrew Crawford
- School of Social and Community Medicine, MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Struan F.A. Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics and the Child Health Program of the Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan P. Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Quantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Patrick M. A. Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - James T. Elder
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan N. Barker
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London
| | | | | | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephen J. Glatt.
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
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Mahil SK, Catapano M, Di Meglio P, Dand N, Ahlfors H, Carr IM, Smith CH, Trembath RC, Peakman M, Wright J, Ciccarelli FD, Barker JN, Capon F. An analysis of IL-36 signature genes and individuals with IL1RL2 knockout mutations validates IL-36 as a psoriasis therapeutic target. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/411/eaan2514. [PMID: 29021166 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ are innate mediators of acute epithelial inflammation. We sought to demonstrate that these cytokines are also required for the pathogenesis of plaque psoriasis, a common and chronic skin disorder, caused by abnormal T helper 17 (TH17) cell activation. To investigate this possibility, we first defined the genes that are induced by IL-36 cytokines in primary human keratinocytes. This enabled us to demonstrate a significant IL-36 signature among the transcripts that are up-regulated in plaque psoriasis and the susceptibility loci associated with the disease in genome-wide studies. Next, we investigated the impact of in vivo and ex vivo IL-36 receptor blockade using a neutralizing antibody or a recombinant antagonist. Both inhibitors had marked anti-inflammatory effects on psoriatic skin, demonstrated by statistically significant reductions in IL-17 expression, keratinocyte activation, and leukocyte infiltration. Finally, we explored the potential safety profile associated with IL-36 blockade by phenotyping 12 individuals carrying knockout mutations of the IL-36 receptor gene. We found that normal immune function was broadly preserved in these individuals, suggesting that IL-36 signaling inhibition would not substantially compromise host defenses. These observations, which integrate the results of transcriptomics and model system analysis, pave the way for early-stage clinical trials of IL-36 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer K Mahil
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marika Catapano
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Paola Di Meglio
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,AhRimmunity Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nick Dand
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Helena Ahlfors
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Ian M Carr
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Catherine H Smith
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Francesca D Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.,Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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35
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Gräf S, Haimel M, Bleda M, Hadinnapola C, Southgate L, Li W, Hodgson J, Liu B, Salmon RM, Southwood M, Machado RD, Martin JM, Treacy CM, Yates K, Daugherty LC, Shamardina O, Whitehorn D, Holden S, Aldred M, Bogaard HJ, Church C, Coghlan G, Condliffe R, Corris PA, Danesino C, Eyries M, Gall H, Ghio S, Ghofrani HA, Gibbs JSR, Girerd B, Houweling AC, Howard L, Humbert M, Kiely DG, Kovacs G, MacKenzie Ross RV, Moledina S, Montani D, Newnham M, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Peacock AJ, Pepke-Zaba J, Prokopenko I, Rhodes CJ, Scelsi L, Seeger W, Soubrier F, Stein DF, Suntharalingam J, Swietlik EM, Toshner MR, van Heel DA, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Waisfisz Q, Wharton J, Wort SJ, Ouwehand WH, Soranzo N, Lawrie A, Upton PD, Wilkins MR, Trembath RC, Morrell NW. Identification of rare sequence variation underlying heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1416. [PMID: 29650961 PMCID: PMC5897357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder with a poor prognosis. Deleterious variation within components of the transforming growth factor-β pathway, particularly the bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2), underlies most heritable forms of PAH. To identify the missing heritability we perform whole-genome sequencing in 1038 PAH index cases and 6385 PAH-negative control subjects. Case-control analyses reveal significant overrepresentation of rare variants in ATP13A3, AQP1 and SOX17, and provide independent validation of a critical role for GDF2 in PAH. We demonstrate familial segregation of mutations in SOX17 and AQP1 with PAH. Mutations in GDF2, encoding a BMPR2 ligand, lead to reduced secretion from transfected cells. In addition, we identify pathogenic mutations in the majority of previously reported PAH genes, and provide evidence for further putative genes. Taken together these findings contribute new insights into the molecular basis of PAH and indicate unexplored pathways for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom.
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthias Haimel
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Bleda
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Charaka Hadinnapola
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
- Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Hodgson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Salmon
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Southwood
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv D Machado
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen M Treacy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Yates
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Daugherty
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Shamardina
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Whitehorn
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Holden
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harm J Bogaard
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Coghlan
- Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Corris
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare Danesino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75252, France
| | - Henning Gall
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCCPS), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCCPS), Giessen, 35392, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Simon R Gibbs
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay; AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire; INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94270, France
| | | | - Luke Howard
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay; AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire; INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94270, France
| | - David G Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | | | - Shahin Moledina
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay; AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire; INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94270, France
| | - Michael Newnham
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Andrew J Peacock
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Laura Scelsi
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Werner Seeger
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCCPS), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75252, France
| | - Dan F Stein
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jay Suntharalingam
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, BA1 3NG, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Quinten Waisfisz
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - John Wharton
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Wort
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Upton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom.
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36
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Dand N, Mucha S, Tsoi LC, Mahil SK, Stuart PE, Arnold A, Baurecht H, Burden AD, Callis Duffin K, Chandran V, Curtis CJ, Das S, Ellinghaus D, Ellinghaus E, Enerback C, Esko T, Gladman DD, Griffiths CEM, Gudjonsson JE, Hoffman P, Homuth G, Hüffmeier U, Krueger GG, Laudes M, Lee SH, Lieb W, Lim HW, Löhr S, Mrowietz U, Müller-Nurayid M, Nöthen M, Peters A, Rahman P, Reis A, Reynolds NJ, Rodriguez E, Schmidt CO, Spain SL, Strauch K, Tejasvi T, Voorhees JJ, Warren RB, Weichenthal M, Weidinger S, Zawistowski M, Nair RP, Capon F, Smith CH, Trembath RC, Abecasis GR, Elder JT, Franke A, Simpson MA, Barker JN. Exome-wide association study reveals novel psoriasis susceptibility locus at TNFSF15 and rare protective alleles in genes contributing to type I IFN signalling. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4301-4313. [PMID: 28973304 PMCID: PMC5886170 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disorder for which multiple genetic susceptibility loci have been identified, but few resolved to specific functional variants. In this study, we sought to identify common and rare psoriasis-associated gene-centric variation. Using exome arrays we genotyped four independent cohorts, totalling 11 861 psoriasis cases and 28 610 controls, aggregating the dataset through statistical meta-analysis. Single variant analysis detected a previously unreported risk locus at TNFSF15 (rs6478108; P = 1.50 × 10-8, OR = 1.10), and association of common protein-altering variants at 11 loci previously implicated in psoriasis susceptibility. We validate previous reports of protective low-frequency protein-altering variants within IFIH1 (encoding an innate antiviral receptor) and TYK2 (encoding a Janus kinase), in each case establishing a further series of protective rare variants (minor allele frequency < 0.01) via gene-wide aggregation testing (IFIH1: pburden = 2.53 × 10-7, OR = 0.707; TYK2: pburden = 6.17 × 10-4, OR = 0.744). Both genes play significant roles in type I interferon (IFN) production and signalling. Several of the protective rare and low-frequency variants in IFIH1 and TYK2 disrupt conserved protein domains, highlighting potential mechanisms through which their effect may be exerted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Dand
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sören Mucha
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Satveer K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andreas Arnold
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Dermatology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A David Burden
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Vinod Chandran
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles J Curtis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sayantan Das
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotta Enerback
- Division of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Biobank, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- Department of Medicine
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher E M Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Per Hoffman
- Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Hüffmeier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerald G Krueger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Sang Hyuck Lee
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank PopGen, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sabine Löhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Markus Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Proton Rahman
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nick J Reynolds
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elke Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten O Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health in Pomerania/KEF, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah L Spain
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Richard B Warren
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Road NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Weichenthal
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology
- Ann Arbor Veterans Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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37
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Narasimhan VM, Rahbari R, Scally A, Wuster A, Mason D, Xue Y, Wright J, Trembath RC, Maher ER, van Heel DA, Auton A, Hurles ME, Tyler-Smith C, Durbin R. Estimating the human mutation rate from autozygous segments reveals population differences in human mutational processes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:303. [PMID: 28827725 PMCID: PMC5566399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations within homozygous sequences descended from a recent common ancestor offer a way to ascertain de novo mutations across multiple generations. Using exome sequences from 3222 British-Pakistani individuals with high parental relatedness, we estimate a mutation rate of 1.45 ± 0.05 × 10-8 per base pair per generation in autosomal coding sequence, with a corresponding non-crossover gene conversion rate of 8.75 ± 0.05 × 10-6 per base pair per generation. This is at the lower end of exome mutation rates previously estimated in parent-offspring trios, suggesting that post-zygotic mutations contribute little to the human germ-line mutation rate. We find frequent recurrence of mutations at polymorphic CpG sites, and an increase in C to T mutations in a 5' CCG 3' to 5' CTG 3' context in the Pakistani population compared to Europeans, suggesting that mutational processes have evolved rapidly between human populations.Estimates of human mutation rates differ substantially based on the approach. Here, the authors present a multi-generational estimate from the autozygous segment in a non-European population that gives insight into the contribution of post-zygotic mutations and population-specific mutational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raheleh Rahbari
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Aylwyn Scally
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH UK
| | - Arthur Wuster
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ UK
| | - Yali Xue
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ UK
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Eamonn R. Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - David A. van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Adam Auton
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | | | | | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
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38
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Sharmin N, Malik H, Siddiqui A, Chowdhury H, Kanagenti S, Graham A, Wright C, Morrell N, Trembath RC, Nasim MT. 202 Therapeutic resolution of pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) by novel small molecule natural products. Heart 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311726.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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39
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Harlalka GV, McEntagart ME, Gupta N, Skrzypiec AE, Mucha MW, Chioza BA, Simpson MA, Sreekantan-Nair A, Pereira A, Günther S, Jahic A, Modarres H, Moore-Barton H, Trembath RC, Kabra M, Baple EL, Thakur S, Patton MA, Beetz C, Pawlak R, Crosby AH. Novel Genetic, Clinical, and Pathomechanistic Insights into TFG-Associated Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1157-1161. [PMID: 27492651 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically and clinically heterogeneous axonopathies primarily affecting upper motor neurons and, in complex forms, additional neurons. Here, we report two families with distinct recessive mutations in TFG, previously suggested to cause HSP based on findings in a single small family with complex HSP. The first carried a homozygous c.317G>A (p.R106H) variant and presented with pure HSP. The second carried the same homozygous c.316C>T (p.R106C) variant previously reported and displayed a similarly complex phenotype including optic atrophy. Haplotyping and bisulfate sequencing revealed evidence for a c.316C>T founder allele, as well as for a c.316_317 mutation hotspot. Expression of mutant TFG proteins in cultured neurons revealed mitochondrial fragmentation, the extent of which correlated with clinical severity. Our findings confirm the causal nature of bi-allelic TFG mutations for HSP, broaden the clinical and mutational spectra, and suggest mitochondrial impairment to represent a pathomechanistic link to other neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav V Harlalka
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Meriel E McEntagart
- Medical Genetics Unit, Floor 0, Jenner Wing, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Old O.T. Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anna E Skrzypiec
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Behaviour, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mariusz W Mucha
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Behaviour, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Barry A Chioza
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ajith Sreekantan-Nair
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Anthony Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Atkinson Morley Wing, St. George's Hospital, Tooting, London, UK
| | - Sven Günther
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amir Jahic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hamid Modarres
- Department of Neurology, Atkinson Morley Wing, St. George's Hospital, Tooting, London, UK
| | - Heather Moore-Barton
- Medical Genetics Unit, Floor 0, Jenner Wing, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Madhulika Kabra
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Old O.T. Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Emma L Baple
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Seema Thakur
- Department of Genetics and Fetal Medicine, Fortis La femme, S-549, New Delhi, India
| | - Michael A Patton
- Medical Genetics Unit, Floor 0, Jenner Wing, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Robert Pawlak
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Behaviour, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
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40
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Mahil SK, Twelves S, Farkas K, Setta-Kaffetzi N, Burden AD, Gach JE, Irvine AD, Képíró L, Mockenhaupt M, Oon HH, Pinner J, Ranki A, Seyger MMB, Soler-Palacin P, Storan ER, Tan ES, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Young HS, Trembath RC, Choon SE, Szell M, Bata-Csorgo Z, Smith CH, Di Meglio P, Barker JN, Capon F. AP1S3 Mutations Cause Skin Autoinflammation by Disrupting Keratinocyte Autophagy and Up-Regulating IL-36 Production. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2251-2259. [PMID: 27388993 PMCID: PMC5070969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prominent skin involvement is a defining characteristic of autoinflammatory disorders caused by abnormal IL-1 signaling. However, the pathways and cell types that drive cutaneous autoinflammatory features remain poorly understood. We sought to address this issue by investigating the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis, a model of autoinflammatory disorders with predominant cutaneous manifestations. We specifically characterized the impact of mutations affecting AP1S3, a disease gene previously identified by our group and validated here in a newly ascertained patient resource. We first showed that AP1S3 expression is distinctively elevated in keratinocytes. Because AP1S3 encodes a protein implicated in autophagosome formation, we next investigated the effects of gene silencing on this pathway. We found that AP1S3 knockout disrupts keratinocyte autophagy, causing abnormal accumulation of p62, an adaptor protein mediating NF-κB activation. We showed that as a consequence, AP1S3-deficient cells up-regulate IL-1 signaling and overexpress IL-36α, a cytokine that is emerging as an important mediator of skin inflammation. These abnormal immune profiles were recapitulated by pharmacological inhibition of autophagy and verified in patient keratinocytes, where they were reversed by IL-36 blockade. These findings show that keratinocytes play a key role in skin autoinflammation and identify autophagy modulation of IL-36 signaling as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer K Mahil
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Twelves
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - A David Burden
- Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanna E Gach
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Paediatric Dermatology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - László Képíró
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maja Mockenhaupt
- Dokumentationszentrum schwerer Hautreaktionen (dZh) and RegiSCAR-study, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Jason Pinner
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Skin and Allergic Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marieke M B Seyger
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pere Soler-Palacin
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eoin R Storan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Siew-Eng Choon
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Marta Szell
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csorgo
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Catherine H Smith
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Di Meglio
- Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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41
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Ellinghaus D, Jostins L, Spain SL, Cortes A, Bethune J, Han B, Park YR, Raychaudhuri S, Pouget JG, Hübenthal M, Folseraas T, Wang Y, Esko T, Metspalu A, Westra HJ, Franke L, Pers TH, Weersma RK, Collij V, D'Amato M, Halfvarson J, Jensen AB, Lieb W, Degenhardt F, Forstner AJ, Hofmann A, Schreiber S, Mrowietz U, Juran BD, Lazaridis KN, Brunak S, Dale AM, Trembath RC, Weidinger S, Weichenthal M, Ellinghaus E, Elder JT, Barker JNWN, Andreassen OA, McGovern DP, Karlsen TH, Barrett JC, Parkes M, Brown MA, Franke A. Analysis of five chronic inflammatory diseases identifies 27 new associations and highlights disease-specific patterns at shared loci. Nat Genet 2016; 48:510-8. [PMID: 26974007 PMCID: PMC4848113 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We simultaneously investigated the genetic landscape of ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis to investigate pleiotropy and the relationship between these clinically related diseases. Using high-density genotype data from more than 86,000 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 244 independent multidisease signals, including 27 new genome-wide significant susceptibility loci and 3 unreported shared risk loci. Complex pleiotropy was supported when contrasting multidisease signals with expression data sets from human, rat and mouse together with epigenetic and expressed enhancer profiles. The comorbidities among the five immune diseases were best explained by biological pleiotropy rather than heterogeneity (a subgroup of cases genetically identical to those with another disease, possibly owing to diagnostic misclassification, molecular subtypes or excessive comorbidity). In particular, the strong comorbidity between primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease is likely the result of a unique disease, which is genetically distinct from classical inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sarah L Spain
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Adrian Cortes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jörn Bethune
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Buhm Han
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Rang Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennie G Pouget
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tune H Pers
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie Collij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,BioCruces Health Research Institute and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Boeck Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Hofmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brian D Juran
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Konstantinos N Lazaridis
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Weichenthal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan N W N Barker
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dermot P McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey C Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Miles Parkes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew A Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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42
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Narasimhan VM, Hunt KA, Mason D, Baker CL, Karczewski KJ, Barnes MR, Barnett AH, Bates C, Bellary S, Bockett NA, Giorda K, Griffiths CJ, Hemingway H, Jia Z, Kelly MA, Khawaja HA, Lek M, McCarthy S, McEachan R, O'Donnell-Luria A, Paigen K, Parisinos CA, Sheridan E, Southgate L, Tee L, Thomas M, Xue Y, Schnall-Levin M, Petkov PM, Tyler-Smith C, Maher ER, Trembath RC, MacArthur DG, Wright J, Durbin R, van Heel DA. Health and population effects of rare gene knockouts in adult humans with related parents. Science 2016; 352:474-7. [PMID: 26940866 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac8624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Examining complete gene knockouts within a viable organism can inform on gene function. We sequenced the exomes of 3222 British adults of Pakistani heritage with high parental relatedness, discovering 1111 rare-variant homozygous genotypes with predicted loss of function (knockouts) in 781 genes. We observed 13.7% fewer homozygous knockout genotypes than we expected, implying an average load of 1.6 recessive-lethal-equivalent loss-of-function (LOF) variants per adult. When genetic data were linked to the individuals' lifelong health records, we observed no significant relationship between gene knockouts and clinical consultation or prescription rate. In this data set, we identified a healthy PRDM9-knockout mother and performed phased genome sequencing on her, her child, and control individuals. Our results show that meiotic recombination sites are localized away from PRDM9-dependent hotspots. Thus, natural LOF variants inform on essential genetic loci and demonstrate PRDM9 redundancy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Christopher L Baker
- Center for Genome Dynamics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Konrad J Karczewski
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael R Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Anthony H Barnett
- Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Chris Bates
- TPP, Mill House, Troy Road, Leeds LS18 5TN, UK
| | - Srikanth Bellary
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Nicholas A Bockett
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Kristina Giorda
- 10X Genomics, 7068 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 415, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
| | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Harry Hemingway
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, London NW1 2DA, UK. Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Zhilong Jia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - M Ann Kelly
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hajrah A Khawaja
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shane McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Rosie McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Anne O'Donnell-Luria
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kenneth Paigen
- Center for Genome Dynamics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Constantinos A Parisinos
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Laura Southgate
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Louise Tee
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Thomas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yali Xue
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Petko M Petkov
- Center for Genome Dynamics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 238, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
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43
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Smith J, Read ML, Hoffman J, Brown R, Bradshaw B, Campbell C, Cole T, Navas JD, Eatock F, Gundara JS, Lian E, Mcmullan D, Morgan NV, Mulligan L, Morrison PJ, Robledo M, Simpson MA, Smith VE, Stewart S, Trembath RC, Sidhu S, Togneri FS, Wake NC, Wallis Y, Watkinson JC, Maher ER, McCabe CJ, Woodward ER. Germline ESR2 mutation predisposes to medullary thyroid carcinoma and causes up-regulation of RET expression. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1836-45. [PMID: 26945007 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and its precursor, C cell hyperplasia (CCH), is associated with germline RET mutations causing multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. However, some rare families with apparent MTC/CCH predisposition do not have a detectable RET mutation. To identify novel MTC/CCH predisposition genes we undertook exome resequencing studies in a family with apparent predisposition to MTC/CCH and no identifiable RET mutation. We identified a novel ESR2 frameshift mutation, c.948delT, which segregated with histological diagnosis following thyroid surgery in family members and demonstrated loss of ESR2-encoded ERβ expression in the MTC tumour. ERα and ERβ form heterodimers binding DNA at specific oestrogen-responsive elements (EREs) to regulate gene transcription. ERβ represses ERα-mediated activation of the ERE and the RET promoter contains three EREs. In vitro, we showed that ESR2 c.948delT results in unopposed ERα mediated increased cellular proliferation, activation of the ERE and increased RET expression. In vivo, immunostaining of CCH and MTC using an anti-RET antibody demonstrated increased RET expression. Together these findings identify germline ESR2 mutation as a novel cause of familial MTC/CCH and provide important insights into a novel mechanism causing increased RET expression in tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Smith
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine
| | - Martin L Read
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Rachel Brown
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Beth Bradshaw
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Christopher Campbell
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | | | - Johanna Dieguez Navas
- Human Biomaterials Resource Centre, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fiona Eatock
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Justin S Gundara
- Cancer Genetics, Level 9, Kolling Building and Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Eric Lian
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Dom Mcmullan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | | | - Lois Mulligan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Patrick J Morrison
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vicki E Smith
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Richard C Trembath
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Stan Sidhu
- Cancer Genetics, Level 9, Kolling Building and Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Fiona S Togneri
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Naomi C Wake
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine
| | - Yvonne Wallis
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - John C Watkinson
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK and
| | - Christopher J McCabe
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma R Woodward
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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44
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Machado RD, Southgate L, Eichstaedt CA, Aldred MA, Austin ED, Best DH, Chung WK, Benjamin N, Elliott CG, Eyries M, Fischer C, Gräf S, Hinderhofer K, Humbert M, Keiles SB, Loyd JE, Morrell NW, Newman JH, Soubrier F, Trembath RC, Viales RR, Grünig E. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Current Perspective on Established and Emerging Molecular Genetic Defects. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:1113-27. [PMID: 26387786 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an often fatal disorder resulting from several causes including heterogeneous genetic defects. While mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) gene are the single most common causal factor for hereditary cases, pathogenic mutations have been observed in approximately 25% of idiopathic PAH patients without a prior family history of disease. Additional defects of the transforming growth factor beta pathway have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. Specifically, studies have confirmed activin A receptor type II-like 1 (ACVRL1), endoglin (ENG), and members of the SMAD family as contributing to PAH both with and without associated clinical phenotypes. Most recently, next-generation sequencing has identified novel, rare genetic variation implicated in the PAH disease spectrum. Of importance, several identified genetic factors converge on related pathways and provide significant insight into the development, maintenance, and pathogenetic transformation of the pulmonary vascular bed. Together, these analyses represent the largest comprehensive compilation of BMPR2 and associated genetic risk factors for PAH, comprising known and novel variation. Additionally, with the inclusion of an allelic series of locus-specific variation in BMPR2, these data provide a key resource in data interpretation and development of contemporary therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv D Machado
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Southgate
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina A Eichstaedt
- Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxclinic at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Eric D Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - D Hunter Best
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Nicola Benjamin
- Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxclinic at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Gregory Elliott
- Departments of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center and the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S 1166), Université Pierre and Marie Curie Université Paris 06 (UPMC) and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Genetics Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Christine Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Paris, France
| | - Steven B Keiles
- Quest Diagnostics, Action from Insight, San Juan Capistrano, California
| | - James E Loyd
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Addenbrooke's & Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John H Newman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S 1166), Université Pierre and Marie Curie Université Paris 06 (UPMC) and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Genetics Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Rodríguez Viales
- Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxclinic at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxclinic at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Southgate L, Sukalo M, Karountzos ASV, Taylor EJ, Collinson CS, Ruddy D, Snape KM, Dallapiccola B, Tolmie JL, Joss S, Brancati F, Digilio MC, Graul-Neumann LM, Salviati L, Coerdt W, Jacquemin E, Wuyts W, Zenker M, Machado RD, Trembath RC. Haploinsufficiency of the NOTCH1 Receptor as a Cause of Adams-Oliver Syndrome With Variable Cardiac Anomalies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:572-581. [PMID: 25963545 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare disorder characterized by congenital limb defects and scalp cutis aplasia. In a proportion of cases, notable cardiac involvement is also apparent. Despite recent advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of AOS, for the majority of affected subjects, the underlying molecular defect remains unresolved. This study aimed to identify novel genetic determinants of AOS. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing was performed for 12 probands, each with a clinical diagnosis of AOS. Analyses led to the identification of novel heterozygous truncating NOTCH1 mutations (c.1649dupA and c.6049_6050delTC) in 2 kindreds in which AOS was segregating as an autosomal dominant trait. Screening a cohort of 52 unrelated AOS subjects, we detected 8 additional unique NOTCH1 mutations, including 3 de novo amino acid substitutions, all within the ligand-binding domain. Congenital heart anomalies were noted in 47% (8/17) of NOTCH1-positive probands and affected family members. In leukocyte-derived RNA from subjects harboring NOTCH1 extracellular domain mutations, we observed significant reduction of NOTCH1 expression, suggesting instability and degradation of mutant mRNA transcripts by the cellular machinery. Transient transfection of mutagenized NOTCH1 missense constructs also revealed significant reduction in gene expression. Mutant NOTCH1 expression was associated with downregulation of the Notch target genes HEY1 and HES1, indicating that NOTCH1-related AOS arises through dysregulation of the Notch signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a key role for NOTCH1 across a range of developmental anomalies that include cardiac defects and implicate NOTCH1 haploinsufficiency as a likely molecular mechanism for this group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Southgate
- Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Sukalo
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Edward J Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Claire S Collinson
- Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Ruddy
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie M Snape
- Department of Clinical Genetics, South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - John L Tolmie
- South West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shelagh Joss
- South West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman & Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Wiltrud Coerdt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Jacquemin
- Pediatric Hepatology & Liver Transplantation Unit, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hepatinov, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Inserm U1174, University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Wim Wuyts
- Department of Medical Genetics, University & University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rajiv D Machado
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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46
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Tsoi LC, Spain SL, Ellinghaus E, Stuart PE, Capon F, Knight J, Tejasvi T, Kang HM, Allen MH, Lambert S, Stoll SW, Weidinger S, Gudjonsson JE, Koks S, Kingo K, Esko T, Das S, Metspalu A, Weichenthal M, Enerback C, Krueger GG, Voorhees JJ, Chandran V, Rosen CF, Rahman P, Gladman DD, Reis A, Nair RP, Franke A, Barker JNWN, Abecasis GR, Trembath RC, Elder JT. Enhanced meta-analysis and replication studies identify five new psoriasis susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7001. [PMID: 25939698 PMCID: PMC4422106 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex genetic architecture. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a recent meta-analysis using Immunochip data have uncovered 36 susceptibility loci. Here, we extend our previous meta-analysis of European ancestry by refined genotype calling and imputation and by the addition of 5,033 cases and 5,707 controls. The combined analysis, consisting of over 15,000 cases and 27,000 controls, identifies five new psoriasis susceptibility loci at genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)). The newly identified signals include two that reside in intergenic regions (1q31.1 and 5p13.1) and three residing near PLCL2 (3p24.3), NFKBIZ (3q12.3) and CAMK2G (10q22.2). We further demonstrate that NFKBIZ is a TRAF3IP2-dependent target of IL-17 signalling in human skin keratinocytes, thereby functionally linking two strong candidate genes. These results further integrate the genetics and immunology of psoriasis, suggesting new avenues for functional analysis and improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sarah L Spain
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jo Knight
- Neuroscience Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Trilokraj Tejasvi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hyun M Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Michael H Allen
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sylviane Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Stefan W Stoll
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sulev Koks
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre of Translational Medicine and Centre for Translational Genomics, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sayantan Das
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael Weichenthal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotta Enerback
- Department of Dermatology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gerald G Krueger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Cheryl F Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Proton Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5B8
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Andre Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonathan N W N Barker
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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47
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Jafri M, Wake NC, Ascher DB, Pires DE, Gentle D, Morris MR, Rattenberry E, Simpson MA, Trembath RC, Weber A, Woodward ER, Donaldson A, Blundell TL, Latif F, Maher ER. Germline Mutations in the CDKN2B Tumor Suppressor Gene Predispose to Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:723-9. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Hussain S, Berki DM, Choon SE, Burden AD, Allen MH, Arostegui JI, Chaves A, Duckworth M, Irvine AD, Mockenhaupt M, Navarini AA, Seyger MMB, Soler-Palacin P, Prins C, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Vicente MA, Trembath RC, Smith CH, Barker JN, Capon F. IL36RN mutations define a severe autoinflammatory phenotype of generalized pustular psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1067-1070.e9. [PMID: 25458002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safia Hussain
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorottya M Berki
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siew-Eng Choon
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - A David Burden
- Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Allen
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antonio Chaves
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Michael Duckworth
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Paediatric Dermatology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maja Mockenhaupt
- Department of Dermatology, Dokumentationszentrum Schwerer Hautreaktionen (dZh), Universitäts-Hautklinik, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander A Navarini
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marieke M B Seyger
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pere Soler-Palacin
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christa Prins
- Dermatology Service, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Richard C Trembath
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine H Smith
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Soubrier F, Chung WK, Machado R, Grünig E, Aldred M, Geraci M, Loyd JE, Elliott CG, Trembath RC, Newman JH, Humbert M. [Genetics and genomics of pulmonary arterial hypertension]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2014; 42 Suppl 1:17-28. [PMID: 25697031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major discoveries have been obtained within the last decade in the field of hereditary predisposition to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Among them, the identification of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) as the major predisposing gene and activin A receptor type II-like kinase-1 (ACVRL1, also known as ALK1) as the major gene when PAH is associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. The mutation detection rate for the known genes is approximately 75% in familial PAH, but the mutation shortfall remains unexplained even after careful molecular investigation of these genes. To identify additional genetic variants predisposing to PAH, investigators harnessed the power of next-generation sequencing to successfully identify additional genes that will be described in this report. Furthermore; common genetic predisposing factors for PAH can be identified by genome-wide association studies and are detailed in this paper. The careful study of families and routine genetic diagnosis facilitated natural-history studies based on large registries of PAH patients to be set up in different countries. These longitudinal or cross-sectional studies permitted the clinical characterization of PAH in mutation carriers to be accurately described. The availability of molecular genetic diagnosis has opened up a new field for patient care, including genetic counseling for a severe disease, taking into account that the major predisposing gene has a highly variable penetrance between families. Molecular information can be drawn from the genomic study of affected tissues in PAH, in particular, pulmonary vascular tissues and cells, to gain insight into the mechanisms leading to the development of the disease. High-throughput genomic techniques, on the basis of next-generation sequencing, now allow the accurate quantification and analysis of ribonucleic acid, species, including micro-ribonucleic acids, and allow for a genome-wide investigation of epigenetic or regulatory mechanisms, which include deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, histone methylation, and acetylation, or transcription factor binding. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:D13-21) a 2013 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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Clark GR, Sciacovelli M, Gaude E, Walsh DM, Kirby G, Simpson MA, Trembath RC, Berg JN, Woodward ER, Kinning E, Morrison PJ, Frezza C, Maher ER. Germline FH mutations presenting with pheochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2046-50. [PMID: 25004247 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT At least a third of the patients with pheochromocytoma (PCC) or paraganglioma (PGL) harbor an underlying germline mutation in a known PCC/PGL gene. Mutations in genes (SDHB, SDHD, SDHC, and SDHA) encoding a component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), are a major cause of inherited PCC and PGL. SDHB mutations are also, albeit less frequently, associated with inherited renal cell carcinoma. Inactivation of SDH and another tricarboxylic acid cycle component, fumarate hydratase (FH), have both been associated with abnormalities of cellular metabolism, responsible for the activation of hypoxic gene response pathways and epigenetic alterations (eg, DNA methylation). However, the clinical phenotype of germline mutations in SDHx genes and FH is usually distinct, with FH mutations classically associated with hereditary cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma, although recently an association with PCC/PGL has been reported. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To identify potential novel PCC/PGL predisposition genes, we initially undertook exome resequencing studies in a case of childhood PCC, and subsequently FH mutation analysis in a further 71 patients with PCC, PGL, or head and neck PGL. RESULTS After identifying a candidate FH missense mutation in the exome study, we then detected a further candidate missense mutation (p.Glu53Lys) by candidate gene sequencing. In vitro analyses demonstrated that both missense mutations (p.Cys434Tyr and p.Glu53Lys) were catalytically inactive. CONCLUSIONS These findings 1) confirm that germline FH mutations may present, albeit rarely with PCC or PGL; and 2) extend the clinical phenotype associated with FH mutations to pediatric PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme R Clark
- Department of Medical Genetics (G.R.C., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit (M.S., E.G., C.F.), University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom; Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine (D.M.W., G.K., E.R.W.), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; West Midlands Regional Genetics Service (G.K., E.R.W.), Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, United Kingdom; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (M.A.S., R.C.T.), King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (J.N.B.), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (E.K.), Royal Hospital for Sick Children (Yorkhill), Glasgow G3 8SJ, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Genetics (P.J.M.), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT9 7AB, United Kingdom
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