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Liu F, Gross FL, Joshi S, Gaglani M, Naleway AL, Murthy K, Groom HC, Wesley MG, Edwards LJ, Grant L, Kim SS, Sambhara S, Gangappa S, Tumpey T, Thompson MG, Fry AM, Flannery B, Dawood FS, Levine MZ. Redirecting antibody responses from egg-adapted epitopes following repeat vaccination with recombinant or cell culture-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:254. [PMID: 38177116 PMCID: PMC10767121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Repeat vaccination with egg-based influenza vaccines could preferentially boost antibodies targeting the egg-adapted epitopes and reduce immunogenicity to circulating viruses. In this randomized trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03722589), sera pre- and post-vaccination with quadrivalent inactivated egg-based (IIV4), cell culture-based (ccIIV4), and recombinant (RIV4) influenza vaccines were collected from healthcare personnel (18-64 years) in 2018-19 (N = 723) and 2019-20 (N = 684) influenza seasons. We performed an exploratory analysis. Vaccine egg-adapted changes had the most impact on A(H3N2) immunogenicity. In year 1, RIV4 induced higher neutralizing and total HA head binding antibodies to cell- A(H3N2) virus than ccIIV4 and IIV4. In year 2, among the 7 repeat vaccination arms (IIV4-IIV4, IIV4-ccIIV4, IIV4-RIV4, RIV4-ccIIV4, RIV4-RIV4, ccIIV4-ccIIV4 and ccIIV4-RIV4), repeat vaccination with either RIV4 or ccIIV4 further improved antibody responses to circulating viruses with decreased neutralizing antibody egg/cell ratio. RIV4 also had higher post-vaccination A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) HA stalk antibodies in year 1, but there was no significant difference in HA stalk antibody fold rise among vaccine groups in either year 1 or year 2. Multiple seasons of non-egg-based vaccination may be needed to redirect antibody responses from immune memory to egg-adapted epitopes and re-focus the immune responses towards epitopes on the circulating viruses to improve vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Liaini Gross
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sneha Joshi
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A & M University, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Allison L Naleway
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Holly C Groom
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Meredith G Wesley
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Abt Associates, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Grant
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara S Kim
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Terrence Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark G Thompson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fatimah S Dawood
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Gray JM, Major K, Castillo-Ruiz A, Shipley M, Gangappa S, Forger NG. The inflammatory response to birth requires MyD88 and is driven by both mother and offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:617-630. [PMID: 37967662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Birth is an inflammatory event for the newborn, characterized by elevations in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α peripherally and/or centrally, as well as changes in brain microglia. However, the mechanism(s) underlying these responses is unknown. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in innate immunity and initiate inflammatory cascades upon recognition of endogenous or exogenous antigens. Most TLR signaling depends on the adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88). We independently varied MyD88 gene status in mouse dams and their offspring to determine whether the inflammatory response to birth depends on MyD88 signaling and, if so, whether that signaling occurs in the offspring, the mother, or both. We find that the perinatal surges in plasma IL-6 and brain expression of TNF-α depend solely on MyD88 gene status of the offspring, whereas postnatal increases in plasma IL-10 and TNF-α depend on MyD88 in both the pup and dam. Interestingly, MyD88 genotype of the dam primarily drives differences in offspring brain microglial density and has robust effects on developmental neuronal cell death. Milk cytokines were evaluated as a possible source of postnatal maternal influence; although we found high levels of CXCL1/GROα and several other cytokines in ingested post-partum milk, their presence did not require MyD88. Thus, the inflammatory response previously described in the late-term fetus and newborn depends on MyD88 (and, by extension, TLRs), with signaling in both the dam and offspring contributing. Unexpectedly, naturally-occuring neuronal cell death in the newborn is modulated primarily by maternal MyD88 gene status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Gray
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Kharli Major
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Michael Shipley
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Nancy G Forger
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Naleway AL, Kim SS, Flannery B, Levine MZ, Murthy K, Sambhara S, Gangappa S, Edwards LJ, Ball S, Grant L, Zunie T, Cao W, Gross FL, Groom H, Fry AM, Hunt D, Jeddy Z, Mishina M, Wesley MG, Spencer S, Thompson MG, Gaglani M, Dawood FS. Immunogenicity of High-Dose Egg-Based, Recombinant, and Cell Culture-Based Influenza Vaccines Compared With Standard-Dose Egg-Based Influenza Vaccine Among Health Care Personnel Aged 18-65 Years in 2019-2020. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad223. [PMID: 37305842 PMCID: PMC10249269 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging data suggest that second-generation influenza vaccines with higher hemagglutinin (HA) antigen content and/or different production methods may induce stronger antibody responses to HA than standard-dose egg-based influenza vaccines in adults. We compared antibody responses to high-dose egg-based inactivated (HD-IIV3), recombinant (RIV4), and cell culture-based (ccIIV4) vs standard-dose egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV4) among health care personnel (HCP) aged 18-65 years in 2 influenza seasons (2018-2019, 2019-2020). Methods In the second trial season, newly and re-enrolled HCPs who received SD-IIV4 in season 1 were randomized to receive RIV4, ccIIV4, or SD-IIV4 or were enrolled in an off-label, nonrandomized arm to receive HD-IIV3. Prevaccination and 1-month-postvaccination sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against 4 cell culture propagated vaccine reference viruses. Primary outcomes, adjusted for study site and baseline HI titer, were seroconversion rate (SCR), geometric mean titers (GMTs), mean fold rise (MFR), and GMT ratios that compared vaccine groups to SD-IIV4. Results Among 390 HCP in the per-protocol population, 79 received HD-IIV3, 103 RIV4, 106 ccIIV4, and 102 SD-IIV4. HD-IIV3 recipients had similar postvaccination antibody titers compared with SD-IIV4 recipients, whereas RIV4 recipients had significantly higher 1-month-postvaccination antibody titers against vaccine reference viruses for all outcomes. Conclusions HD-IIV3 did not induce higher antibody responses than SD-IIV4, but, consistent with previous studies, RIV4 was associated with higher postvaccination antibody titers. These findings suggest that recombinant vaccines rather than vaccines with higher egg-based antigen doses may provide improved antibody responses in highly vaccinated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Naleway
- Correspondence: Allison Naleway, PhD, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 (); or Fatimah Dawood, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 ()
| | - Sara S Kim
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Grant
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Weiping Cao
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F Liaini Gross
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Holly Groom
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meredith G Wesley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Abt Associates, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Spencer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark G Thompson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Fatimah S Dawood
- Correspondence: Allison Naleway, PhD, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 (); or Fatimah Dawood, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 ()
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Gaglani M, Kim SS, Naleway AL, Levine MZ, Edwards L, Murthy K, Dunnigan K, Zunie T, Groom H, Ball S, Jeddy Z, Hunt D, Wesley MG, Sambhara S, Gangappa S, Grant L, Cao W, Gross FL, Mishina M, Fry AM, Thompson MG, Dawood FS, Flannery B. Effect of Repeat Vaccination on Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Cell-Culture and Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18-64 Years: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e1168-e1176. [PMID: 36031405 PMCID: PMC9907492 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody responses to non-egg-based standard-dose cell-culture influenza vaccine (containing 15 µg hemagglutinin [HA]/component) and recombinant vaccine (containing 45 µg HA/component) during consecutive seasons have not been studied in the United States. METHODS In a randomized trial of immunogenicity of quadrivalent influenza vaccines among healthcare personnel (HCP) aged 18-64 years over 2 consecutive seasons, HCP who received recombinant-HA influenza vaccine (RIV) or cell culture-based inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV) during the first season (year 1) were re-randomized the second season of 2019-2020 (year 2 [Y2]) to receive ccIIV or RIV, resulting in 4 ccIIV/RIV combinations. In Y2, hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against reference cell-grown vaccine viruses were compared in each ccIIV/RIV group with titers among HCP randomized both seasons to receive egg-based, standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) using geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios of Y2 post-vaccination titers. RESULTS Y2 data from 414 HCP were analyzed per protocol. Compared with 60 IIV/IIV recipients, 74 RIV/RIV and 106 ccIIV/RIV recipients showed significantly elevated GMT ratios (Bonferroni corrected P < .007) against all components except A(H3N2). Post-vaccination GMT ratios for ccIIV/ccIIV and RIV/ccIIV were not significantly elevated compared with IIV/IIV except for RIV/ccIIV against A(H1N1)pdm09. CONCLUSIONS In adult HCP, receipt of RIV in 2 consecutive seasons or the second season was more immunogenic than consecutive egg-based IIV for 3 of the 4 components of quadrivalent vaccine. Immunogenicity of ccIIV/ccIIV was similar to that of IIV/IIV. Differences in HA antigen content may play a role in immunogenicity of influenza vaccination in consecutive seasons. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03722589.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Gaglani
- Correspondence: M. Gaglani, 2401 S. 31st St, MS-CK-300, Temple, TX 76508 ()
| | - Sara S Kim
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allison L Naleway
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Kempapura Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Kayan Dunnigan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tnelda Zunie
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Holly Groom
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Grant
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F Liaini Gross
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark G Thompson
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fatimah S Dawood
- Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Bohannon CD, Ende Z, Cao W, Mboko WP, Ranjan P, Kumar A, Mishina M, Amoah S, Gangappa S, Mittal SK, Lovell JF, García‐Sastre A, Pfeifer BA, Davidson BA, Knight P, Sambhara S. Influenza Virus Infects and Depletes Activated Adaptive Immune Responders. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100693. [PMID: 34189857 PMCID: PMC8373117 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza infections cause several million cases of severe respiratory illness, hospitalizations, and hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. Secondary infections are a leading cause of influenza's high morbidity and mortality, and significantly factored into the severity of the 1918, 1968, and 2009 pandemics. Furthermore, there is an increased incidence of other respiratory infections even in vaccinated individuals during influenza season. Putative mechanisms responsible for vaccine failures against influenza as well as other respiratory infections during influenza season are investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are used from influenza vaccinated individuals to assess antigen-specific responses to influenza, measles, and varicella. The observations made in humans to a mouse model to unravel the mechanism is confirmed and extended. Infection with influenza virus suppresses an ongoing adaptive response to vaccination against influenza as well as other respiratory pathogens, i.e., Adenovirus and Streptococcus pneumoniae by preferentially infecting and killing activated lymphocytes which express elevated levels of sialic acid receptors. These findings propose a new mechanism for the high incidence of secondary respiratory infections due to bacteria and other viruses as well as vaccine failures to influenza and other respiratory pathogens even in immune individuals due to influenza viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D. Bohannon
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)CDC Fellowship ProgramOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Zachary Ende
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)CDC Fellowship ProgramOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | - Wadzanai P. Mboko
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for InflammationImmunologyand Infectious DiseasePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | | | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for InflammationImmunologyand Infectious DiseasePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Adolfo García‐Sastre
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- The Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Blaine A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Bruce A. Davidson
- Department of AnesthesiologyJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
- Research ServiceVeterans AdministrationWestern New York Healthcare SystemBuffaloNY14215USA
| | - Paul Knight
- Department of AnesthesiologyJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
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6
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De La Cruz JA, Ganesh T, Diebold BA, Cao W, Hofstetter A, Singh N, Kumar A, McCoy J, Ranjan P, Smith SME, Sambhara S, Lambeth JD, Gangappa S. Quinazolin-derived myeloperoxidase inhibitor suppresses influenza A virus-induced reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory mediators and improves cell survival. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254632. [PMID: 34280220 PMCID: PMC8289044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in influenza A virus-induced inflammation. In this in vitro study, we evaluated the effects of TG6-44, a novel quinazolin-derived myeloperoxidase-specific ROS inhibitor, on influenza A virus (A/X31) infection using THP-1 lung monocytic cells and freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). TG6-44 significantly decreased A/X31-induced ROS and virus-induced inflammatory mediators in THP-1 cells (IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, TNF-α, MIP-1β) and in human PBMC (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1). Interestingly, TG6-44-treated THP-1 cells showed a decrease in percent cells expressing viral nucleoprotein, as well as a delay in translocation of viral nucleoprotein into the nucleus. Furthermore, in influenza A virus-infected cells, TG6-44 treatment led to suppression of virus-induced cell death as evidenced by decreased caspase-3 activation, decreased proportion of Annexin V+PI+ cells, and increased Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects of TG6-44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. De La Cruz
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Becky A. Diebold
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amelia Hofstetter
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Neetu Singh
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James McCoy
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Susan M. E. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J. David Lambeth
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (JDL)
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (JDL)
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7
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Dawood FS, Naleway AL, Flannery B, Levine MZ, Murthy K, Sambhara S, Gangappa S, Edwards L, Ball S, Beacham L, Belongia E, Bounds K, Cao W, Gross FL, Groom H, Fry AM, Hunt D, Jeddy Z, Mishina M, Kim SS, Wesley MG, Spencer S, Thompson MG, Gaglani M. Comparison of the Immunogenicity of Cell Culture-Based and Recombinant Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines to Conventional Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18-64 Years: A Randomized Open-Label Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:1973-1981. [PMID: 34245243 PMCID: PMC8499731 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RIV4 and cell-culture based inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) have not been compared to egg-based IIV4 in healthcare personnel, a population with frequent influenza vaccination that may blunt vaccine immune responses over time. We conducted a randomized trial among healthcare personnel (HCP) aged 18–64 years to compare humoral immune responses to ccIIV4 and RIV4 to IIV4. Methods During the 2018–2019 season, participants were randomized to receive ccIIV4, RIV4, or IIV4 and had serum samples collected prevaccination, 1 and 6 months postvaccination. Serum samples were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for influenza A/H1N1, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria and microneutralization (MN) for A/H3N2 against cell-grown vaccine reference viruses. Primary outcomes at 1 month were seroconversion rate (SCR), geometric mean titers (GMT), GMT ratio, and mean fold rise (MFR) in the intention-to-treat population. Results In total, 727 participants were included (283 ccIIV4, 202 RIV4, and 242 IIV4). At 1 month, responses to ccIIV4 were similar to IIV4 by SCR, GMT, GMT ratio, and MFR. RIV4 induced higher SCRs, GMTs, and MFRs than IIV4 against A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B/Yamagata. The GMT ratio of RIV4 to egg-based vaccines was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–1.9) for A/H1N1, 3.0 (95% CI: 2.4–3.7) for A/H3N2, 1.1 (95% CI: .9–1.4) for B/Yamagata, and 1.1 (95% CI: .9–1.3) for B/Victoria. At 6 months, ccIIV4 recipients had similar GMTs to IIV4, whereas RIV4 recipients had higher GMTs against A/H3N2 and B/Yamagata. Conclusions RIV4 resulted in improved antibody responses by HI and MN compared to egg-based vaccines against 3 of 4 cell-grown vaccine strains 1 month postvaccination, suggesting a possible additional benefit from RIV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah S Dawood
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allison L Naleway
- The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kempapura Murthy
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Ball
- Abt Associates, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Beacham
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward Belongia
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kelsey Bounds
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Weiping Cao
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F Liaini Gross
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Holly Groom
- The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sara S Kim
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meredith G Wesley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Abt Associates, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Spencer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark G Thompson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
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8
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Voss WN, Hou YJ, Johnson NV, Delidakis G, Kim JE, Javanmardi K, Horton AP, Bartzoka F, Paresi CJ, Tanno Y, Chou CW, Abbasi SA, Pickens W, George K, Boutz DR, Towers DM, McDaniel JR, Billick D, Goike J, Rowe L, Batra D, Pohl J, Lee J, Gangappa S, Sambhara S, Gadush M, Wang N, Person MD, Iverson BL, Gollihar JD, Dye JM, Herbert AS, Finkelstein IJ, Baric RS, McLellan JS, Georgiou G, Lavinder JJ, Ippolito GC. Prevalent, protective, and convergent IgG recognition of SARS-CoV-2 non-RBD spike epitopes. Science 2021; 372:1108-1112. [PMID: 33947773 PMCID: PMC8224265 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular composition and binding epitopes of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that circulate in blood plasma after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are unknown. Proteomic deconvolution of the IgG repertoire to the spike glycoprotein in convalescent subjects revealed that the response is directed predominantly (>80%) against epitopes residing outside the receptor binding domain (RBD). In one subject, just four IgG lineages accounted for 93.5% of the response, including an amino (N)-terminal domain (NTD)-directed antibody that was protective against lethal viral challenge. Genetic, structural, and functional characterization of a multidonor class of "public" antibodies revealed an NTD epitope that is recurrently mutated among emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. These data show that "public" NTD-directed and other non-RBD plasma antibodies are prevalent and have implications for SARS-CoV-2 protection and antibody escape.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Affinity
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Evasion
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mutation
- Protein Domains
- Proteomics
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Voss
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yixuan J Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicole V Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - George Delidakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jin Eyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kamyab Javanmardi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew P Horton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Foteini Bartzoka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chelsea J Paresi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yuri Tanno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Chou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shawn A Abbasi
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Whitney Pickens
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Katia George
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Daniel R Boutz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory-South, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dalton M Towers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Daniel Billick
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jule Goike
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lori Rowe
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center Department of Microbiology 18703 Three Rivers Road Covington, LA, USA
| | - Dhwani Batra
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Gadush
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maria D Person
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Brent L Iverson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jimmy D Gollihar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory-South, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ilya J Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jason J Lavinder
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gregory C Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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9
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Cowling BJ, Perera RAPM, Valkenburg SA, Leung NHL, Iuliano AD, Tam YH, Wong JHF, Fang VJ, Li APY, So HC, Ip DKM, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Fry AM, Levine MZ, Gangappa S, Sambhara S, Barr IG, Skowronski DM, Peiris JSM, Thompson MG. Comparative Immunogenicity of Several Enhanced Influenza Vaccine Options for Older Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:1704-1714. [PMID: 31828291 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced influenza vaccines may improve protection for older adults, but comparative immunogenicity data are limited. Our objective was to examine immune responses to enhanced influenza vaccines, compared to standard-dose vaccines, in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Community-dwelling older adults aged 65-82 years in Hong Kong were randomly allocated (October 2017-January 2018) to receive 2017-2018 Northern hemisphere formulations of a standard-dose quadrivalent vaccine, MF59-adjuvanted trivalent vaccine, high-dose trivalent vaccine, or recombinant-hemagglutinin (rHA) quadrivalent vaccine. Sera collected from 200 recipients of each vaccine before and at 30-days postvaccination were assessed for antibodies to egg-propagated vaccine strains by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and to cell-propagated A/Hong Kong/4801/2014(H3N2) virus by microneutralization (MN). Influenza-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were assessed in 20 participants per group. RESULTS Mean fold rises (MFR) in HAI titers to egg-propagated A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) and the MFR in MN to cell-propagated A(H3N2) were statistically significantly higher in the enhanced vaccine groups, compared to the standard-dose vaccine. The MFR in MN to cell-propagated A(H3N2) was highest among rHA recipients (4.7), followed by high-dose (3.4) and MF59-adjuvanted (2.9) recipients, compared to standard-dose recipients (2.3). Similarly, the ratio of postvaccination MN titers among rHA recipients to cell-propagated A(H3N2) recipients was 2.57-fold higher than the standard-dose vaccine, which was statistically higher than the high-dose (1.33-fold) and MF59-adjuvanted (1.43-fold) recipient ratios. Enhanced vaccines also resulted in the boosting of T-cell responses. CONCLUSIONS In this head-to-head comparison, older adults receiving enhanced vaccines showed improved humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, compared to standard-dose vaccine recipients. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03330132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ranawaka A P M Perera
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Danielle Iuliano
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yat Hung Tam
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer H F Wong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vicky J Fang
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Athena P Y Li
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.,The University of Hong Kong-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hau Chi So
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis K M Ip
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ian G Barr
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark G Thompson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Voss WN, Hou YJ, Johnson NV, Kim JE, Delidakis G, Horton AP, Bartzoka F, Paresi CJ, Tanno Y, Abbasi SA, Pickens W, George K, Boutz DR, Towers DM, McDaniel JR, Billick D, Goike J, Rowe L, Batra D, Pohl J, Lee J, Gangappa S, Sambhara S, Gadush M, Wang N, Person MD, Iverson BL, Gollihar JD, Dye J, Herbert A, Baric RS, McLellan JS, Georgiou G, Lavinder JJ, Ippolito GC. Prevalent, protective, and convergent IgG recognition of SARS-CoV-2 non-RBD spike epitopes in COVID-19 convalescent plasma. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33398269 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.20.423708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although humoral immunity is essential for control of SARS-CoV-2, the molecular composition, binding epitopes and effector functions of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that circulate in blood plasma following infection are unknown. Proteomic deconvolution of the circulating IgG repertoire (Ig-Seq 1 ) to the spike ectodomain (S-ECD 2 ) in four convalescent study subjects revealed that the plasma response is oligoclonal and directed predominantly (>80%) to S-ECD epitopes that lie outside the receptor binding domain (RBD). When comparing antibodies directed to either the RBD, the N-terminal domain (NTD) or the S2 subunit (S2) in one subject, just four IgG lineages (1 anti-S2, 2 anti-NTD and 1 anti-RBD) accounted for 93.5% of the repertoire. Although the anti-RBD and one of the anti-NTD antibodies were equally potently neutralizing in vitro , we nonetheless found that the anti-NTD antibody was sufficient for protection to lethal viral challenge, either alone or in combination as a cocktail where it dominated the effect of the other plasma antibodies. We identified in vivo protective plasma anti-NTD antibodies in 3/4 subjects analyzed and discovered a shared class of antibodies targeting the NTD that utilize unmutated or near-germline IGHV1-24, the most electronegative IGHV gene in the human genome. Structural analysis revealed that binding to NTD is dominated by interactions with the heavy chain, accounting for 89% of the entire interfacial area, with germline residues uniquely encoded by IGHV1-24 contributing 20% (149 Å 2 ). Together with recent reports of germline IGHV1-24 antibodies isolated by B-cell cloning 3,4 our data reveal a class of shared IgG antibodies that are readily observed in convalescent plasma and underscore the role of NTD-directed antibodies in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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11
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Amoah S, Mishina M, Praphasiri P, Cao W, Kim JH, Liepkalns JS, Guo Z, Carney PJ, Chang JC, Fernandez S, Garg S, Beacham L, Holtz TH, Curlin ME, Dawood F, Olsen SJ, Gangappa S, Stevens J, Sambhara S. Standard-Dose Intradermal Influenza Vaccine Elicits Cellular Immune Responses Similar to Those of Intramuscular Vaccine in Men With and Those Without HIV Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:743-751. [PMID: 31045222 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons are at a higher risk of severe influenza. Although we have shown that a standard-dose intradermal influenza vaccine versus a standard-dose intramuscular influenza vaccine does not result in differences in hemagglutination-inhibition titers in this population, a comprehensive examination of cell-mediated immune responses remains lacking. METHODS Serological, antigen-specific B-cell, and interleukin 2-, interferon γ-, and tumor necrosis factor α-secreting T-cell responses were assessed in 79 HIV-infected men and 79 HIV-uninfected men. RESULTS The route of vaccination did not affect the immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G (IgG) plasmablast or memory B-cell response, although these were severely impaired in the group with a CD4+ T-cell count of <200 cells/μL. The frequencies of IgG memory B cells measured on day 28 after vaccination were highest in the HIV-uninfected group, followed by the group with a CD4+ T-cell count of ≥200 cells/μL and the group with a CD4+ T-cell count of <200 cells/μL. The route of vaccination did not affect the CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell responses measured at various times after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The route of vaccination had no effect on antibody responses, antibody avidity, T-cell responses, or B-cell responses in HIV-infected or HIV-uninfected subjects. With the serological and cellular immune responses to influenza vaccination being impaired in HIV-infected individuals with a CD4+ T-cell count of <200 cells/μL, passive immunization strategies need to be explored to protect this population. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01538940.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Amoah
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.,Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.,Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jin Hyang Kim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Justine S Liepkalns
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhu Guo
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paul J Carney
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessie C Chang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shikha Garg
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauren Beacham
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.,Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Timothy H Holtz
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.,HIV/STD Research Program, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marcel E Curlin
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fatimah Dawood
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sonja J Olsen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Bohannon CD, Ende Z, Cao W, Mboko W, Ranjan P, Kumar A, Mishina M, Amoah S, Gangappa S, Mittal SK, Garcia-Sastre A, Pfeifer B, Davidson BA, Knight P, Sambhara S. Influenza virus suppresses the adaptive immune response leaving immune hosts vulnerable to influenza and other respiratory pathogens. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.93.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Influenza infections are associated with several million cases of severe respiratory illness, hospitalizations, and hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. Secondary infections further complicate influenza’s high morbidity and mortality, and significantly factored into the severity of the 1918, 1968, and 2009 pandemics. The most common coinfections are bacterial, leading to bacterial pneumonia, though viral secondary infections also occur. Previous studies have shown that influenza can target innate responses and damage affected tissues, allowing for secondary infections. In this study we show that influenza virus targets not only innate immune responses but also the adaptive responses - specifically activated B cells, T cells, and NKT cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that infection with influenza virus can attenuate the adaptive responses to prior influenza vaccination and to other respiratory pathogen vaccinations, in humans and in mouse models. This occurs through a viral hijacking of the normal immune responses by taking advantage of elevated expression of sialic acid receptors on activated lymphocytes to preferentially infect and kill immune responders. Our findings provide a novel potential mechanism for the high incidence of secondary respiratory infections due to bacteria and other viruses, as well as for vaccine failures against other infectious agents during influenza seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D Bohannon
- 1Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 2Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
| | - Zachary Ende
- 1Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 2Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
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13
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Ende ZS, Mishina M, Kauffman R, Guo Z, Li Z, Cao W, Ray S, Kumar A, Bohannon CD, Ranjan P, Sharma SD, Gangappa S, Levine MZ, Stevens J, Sambhara S. Expression and characterization of a monoclonal IgA isotype antibody against group 1 and group 2 influenza of the HV1-18 QxxV class. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.93.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Examining cross-reactive influenza-specific human monoclonal antibodies can inform the rational design of universal flu vaccines. The vast majority of monoclonal antibodies studied to-date are of the IgG isotype or cloned into IgG vectors for expression. However, IgA isotype antibodies are also of interest, especially given their increased concentrations in the respiratory tract where the influenza virus replicates. To acquire anti-influenza monoclonal antibodies that are of both IgG and IgA isotypes, we used a fluorescently labeled hemagglutinin (HA) for fluorescence-activated cell sorting on memory B cells 14 days post-influenza vaccination. We then sequenced paired heavy and light chains with the 10× Genomics platform and chose relevant sequences to synthesize for expression and characterization. An IgA1 antibody of the HV1-18 QxxV class demonstrated binding to both group 1 and group 2 HA subtypes in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Although Hemagglutinin inhibition assays were negative, neutralizing activity was positive in a microneutralization activity, at levels comparable to other published stalk-binding and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, FI6v3 and CR9114. By testing the antibody against a panel of HA mutants, we found that the antibody bound to a region of the HA stalk previously reported for IgG1 antibodies of this class. Studies are on-going, but thus far demonstrate a broadly cross-reactive and neutralizing IgA antibody that recognizes the HA stalk of both group 1 and group 2 influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Ende
- 1Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 2Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
| | | | | | - Zhu Guo
- 1Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
| | | | | | - Sean Ray
- 1Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
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14
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Kumari R, Guo Z, Kumar A, Wiens M, Gangappa S, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sarkar D, Fisher PB, García-Sastre A, Fujita T, Kumar V, Sambhara S, Ranjan P, Lal SK. Influenza virus NS1- C/EBPβ gene regulatory complex inhibits RIG-I transcription. Antiviral Res 2020; 176:104747. [PMID: 32092305 PMCID: PMC10773002 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) counteracts host antiviral innate immune responses by inhibiting Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation. However, whether NS1 also specifically regulates RIG-I transcription is unknown. Here, we identify a CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein beta (C/EBPβ) binding site in the RIG-I promoter as a repressor element, and show that NS1 promotes C/EBPβ phosphorylation and its recruitment to the RIG-I promoter as a C/EBPβ/NS1 complex. C/EBPβ overexpression and siRNA knockdown in human lung epithelial cells resulted in suppression and activation of RIG-I expression respectively, implying a negative regulatory role of C/EBPβ. Further, C/EBPβ phosphorylation, its interaction with NS1 and occupancy at the RIG-I promoter was associated with RIG-I transcriptional inhibition. These findings provide an important insight into the molecular mechanism by which influenza NS1 commandeers RIG-I transcriptional regulation and suppresses host antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumari
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Zhu Guo
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mayim Wiens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Renu B Lal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Sunil K Lal
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India; School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Plateform, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
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15
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Singh N, Ranjan P, Cao W, Patel J, Gangappa S, Davidson BA, Sullivan JM, Prasad PN, Knight PR, Sambhara S. A Dual-Functioning 5'-PPP-NS1shRNA that Activates a RIG-I Antiviral Pathway and Suppresses Influenza NS1. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2020; 19:1413-1422. [PMID: 32160710 PMCID: PMC7049568 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a cytosolic pathogen sensor that is crucial against a number of viral infections. Many viruses have evolved to inhibit pathogen sensors to suppress host innate immune responses. In the case of influenza, nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) suppresses RIG-I function, leading to viral replication, morbidity, and mortality. We show that silencing NS1 with in-vitro-transcribed 5'-triphosphate containing NS1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) (5'-PPP-NS1shRNA), designed using the conserved region of a number of influenza viruses, not only prevented NS1 expression but also induced RIG-I activation and type I interferon (IFN) expression, resulting in an antiviral state leading to inhibition of influenza virus replication in vitro. In addition, administration of 5'-PPP-NS1shRNA in prophylactic and therapeutic settings resulted in significant inhibition of viral replication following viral challenge in vivo in mice with corresponding increases of RIG-I, IFN-β, and IFN-λ, as well as a decrease in NS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jenish Patel
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Bruce A Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - John M Sullivan
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Institute for Laser, Photonics, and Biophotonics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Paul R Knight
- Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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16
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Cao W, Mishina M, Ende Z, Mboko WP, Batra D, Bohannon C, Carney P, Chang J, Ranjan P, Kumar A, Amoah S, Gangappa S, Mittal S, Sheth M, Pohl J, Stevens J, Sambhara S. Novel approaches for studying cell-mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in humans. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.139.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Vaccination is the most cost-effective public health intervention strategy in the prevention of the spread of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, each year, a substantial proportion of individuals do not respond or respond poorly to vaccination due to age, nutrition, pre-existing medical conditions, vaccine mismatch, or other unknown reasons. To investigate this further, we propose studying the mechanisms and molecular signatures associated with immunogenicity and the efficacy of influenza vaccination in different populations.
The priming environment, induced by the innate immune system is crucial for initiating and fine-tuning antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Comprehensive antibody panels have been developed to identify the new paradigms in the innate priming environment, focusing on NK, innate lymphoid cells and γδ T cells by flow cytometry in PBMC from vaccine recipients. The specific functions of these cells are then analyzed using single cell sorting and high-throughput transcriptomic and proteomics analysis. To further probe the adaptive response, we have successfully developed receptor binding site mutant HA (H1, H3, B) and HA stem (group 1 and 2) probes that are conjugated to fluorochromes to enumerate and characterize HA-specific B cells. M2e antigen probes are under development. Combining cell sorting, single cell molecular analyses, and the Illumina MiSeq system, paired heavy and light chains of B cell receptors (BCR) from isolated antigen specific B cells are sequenced to dissect antibody diversity.
Through these novel approaches, we aim to identify and characterize critical host factors that can be exploited to develop as novel adjuvants and strategies for more effective influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary Ende
- 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- 2Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
| | | | | | - Caitlin Bohannon
- 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- 2Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
| | | | | | | | - Amrita Kumar
- 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- 4Battelle Research Memorial Institute
| | - Samuel Amoah
- 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- 4Battelle Research Memorial Institute
| | | | | | - Mili Sheth
- 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jan Pohl
- 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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17
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Cao W, Mishina M, Amoah S, Mboko WP, Bohannon C, McCoy J, Mittal SK, Gangappa S, Sambhara S. Nasal delivery of H5N1 avian influenza vaccine formulated with GenJet™ or in vivo-jetPEI ® induces enhanced serological, cellular and protective immune responses. Drug Deliv 2018. [PMID: 29542358 PMCID: PMC6058713 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1450909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus infection is a serious public health threat and preventive vaccination is the most cost-effective public health intervention strategy. Unfortunately, currently available unadjuvanted avian influenza vaccines are poorly immunogenic and alternative vaccine formulations and delivery strategies are in urgent need to reduce the high risk of avian influenza pandemics. Cationic polymers have been widely used as vectors for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we formulated H5N1 influenza vaccines with GenJet™ or in vivo-jetPEI®, and showed that these formulations significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of H5N1 vaccines and conferred protective immunity in a mouse model. Detailed analyses of adaptive immune responses revealed that both formulations induced mixed TH1/TH2 antigen-specific CD4 T-cell responses, antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8 T-cell and memory B-cell responses. Our findings suggest that cationic polymers merit future development as potential adjuvants for mucosal delivery of poorly immunogenic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Cao
- a Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Atlanta , GA , USA.,b Influenza Division , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- a Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Atlanta , GA , USA.,b Influenza Division , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA.,c Battelle Memorial Institute , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Samuel Amoah
- a Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Atlanta , GA , USA.,b Influenza Division , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA.,c Battelle Memorial Institute , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Wadzanai P Mboko
- d Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Caitlin Bohannon
- a Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Atlanta , GA , USA.,b Influenza Division , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA.,e Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), CDC Fellowship Program , Oak Ridge , TN , USA
| | - James McCoy
- f Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Suresh K Mittal
- d Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- a Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Atlanta , GA , USA.,b Influenza Division , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- a Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Atlanta , GA , USA.,b Influenza Division , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
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18
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Hassan AO, Amen O, Sayedahmed EE, Vemula SV, Amoah S, York I, Gangappa S, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Adenovirus vector-based multi-epitope vaccine provides partial protection against H5, H7, and H9 avian influenza viruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186244. [PMID: 29023601 PMCID: PMC5638338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of H5, H7, and H9 avian influenza virus subtypes in humans reveals their pandemic potential. Although human-to-human transmission has been limited, the genetic reassortment of the avian and human/porcine influenza viruses or mutations in some of the genes resulting in virus replication in the upper respiratory tract of humans could generate novel pandemic influenza viruses. Current vaccines do not provide cross protection against antigenically distinct strains of the H5, H7, and H9 influenza viruses. Therefore, newer vaccine approaches are needed to overcome these potential threats. We developed an egg-independent, adenovirus vector-based, multi-epitope (ME) vaccine approach using the relatively conserved immunogenic domains of the H5N1 influenza virus [M2 ectodomain (M2e), hemagglutinin (HA) fusion domain (HFD), T-cell epitope of nucleoprotein (TNP). and HA α-helix domain (HαD)]. Our ME vaccine induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and caused a significant reduction in the viral loads in the lungs of vaccinated mice that were challenged with antigenically distinct H5, H7, or H9 avian influenza viruses. These results suggest that our ME vaccine approach provided broad protection against the avian influenza viruses. Further improvement of this vaccine will lead to a pre-pandemic vaccine that may lower morbidity, hinder transmission, and prevent mortality in a pandemic situation before a strain-matched vaccine becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Omar Amen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ekramy E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Sai V. Vemula
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ian York
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKM); (SS)
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKM); (SS)
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19
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Jones EN, Amoah S, Cao W, Sambhara S, Gangappa S. An Adjuvanted A(H5N1) Subvirion Vaccine Elicits Virus-Specific Antibody Response and Improves Protection Against Lethal Influenza Viral Challenge in Mouse Model of Protein Energy Malnutrition. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:S560-S565. [PMID: 28934453 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) increases susceptibility to infectious diseases, including influenza infection, but no studies have addressed the potential influences of PEM on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of avian influenza A(H5N1) vaccine. Methods We investigated the role of PEM on vaccine-mediated protection after a lethal challenge with recombinant A(H5N1) virus using isocaloric diets providing either adequate protein (AP; 18% protein) or very low protein (VLP; 2% protein) in an established murine model of influenza vaccination. Results We demonstrated that mice maintained on a VLP diet succumb to lethal challenge at greater rates than mice maintained on an AP diet, despite comparable immunization regimens. Importantly, there was no virus-induced mortality in both VLP and AP groups of mice when either group was immunized with adjuvanted low-dose A(H5N1) subvirion vaccine. Conclusions Our results suggest that adjuvanted vaccination in populations where PEM is endemic may be one strategy to boost vaccination-promoted immunity and improve outcomes associated with highly pathogenic A(H5N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enitra N Jones
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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20
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Cao W, Kim JH, Reber AJ, Hoelscher M, Belser JA, Lu X, Katz JM, Gangappa S, Plante M, Burt DS, Sambhara S. Nasal delivery of Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine induces enhanced systemic as well as mucosal immunity in mice. Vaccine 2017; 35:3318-3325. [PMID: 28499553 PMCID: PMC7115484 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine enhanced serum protective antibody responses and mucosal IgA responses. Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine increased the early B cell response in the lymph nodes and spleen. Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine increased the frequency of Ag-specific antibody secreting cells and T cells. Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine conferred enhanced protection against viral challenge.
Sporadic, yet frequent human infections with avian H5N1 influenza A viruses continue to pose a potential pandemic threat. Poor immunogenicity of unadjuvanted H5N1 vaccines warrants developing novel adjuvants and formulations as well as alternate delivery systems to improve their immunogenicity and efficacy. Here, we show that Protollin, a nasal adjuvant composed of Neisseria meningitides outer membrane proteins non-covalently linked to Shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide, is a potent nasal adjuvant for an inactivated split virion H5N1 clade 1 A/Viet Nam1203/2004 (A/VN/1203/04) vaccine in a mouse model. Protollin-adjuvanted vaccines elicited enhanced serum protective hemagglutination inhibition titers, mucosal IgA responses, and H5N1-specific cell-mediated immunity that resulted in complete protection against a lethal challenge with a homologous virus as well as a heterologous clade 2 virus A/Indonesia/05/2005 (A/IN/05/05). Detailed analysis of adaptive immunity revealed that Protollin increased the frequency of lymphoid- as well as local tissue-resident antibody-secreting cells, local germinal center reaction of B cells, broad-spectrum of CD4 T cell response. Our findings suggest that nasal delivery of H5N1 vaccine with Protollin adjuvant can overcome the poor immunogenicity of H5N1 vaccines, induce both cellular and humoral immune responses, enhance protection against challenge with clade 1 and clade 2 H5N1 viruses and achieve significant antigen dose-sparing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Cao
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jin Hyang Kim
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Adrian J Reber
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mary Hoelscher
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xiuhua Lu
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | | | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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21
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Kumar A, Kim JH, Ranjan P, Metcalfe MG, Cao W, Mishina M, Gangappa S, Guo Z, Boyden ES, Zaki S, York I, García-Sastre A, Shaw M, Sambhara S. Influenza virus exploits tunneling nanotubes for cell-to-cell spread. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40360. [PMID: 28059146 PMCID: PMC5216422 DOI: 10.1038/srep40360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) represent a novel route of intercellular communication. While previous work has shown that TNTs facilitate the exchange of viral or prion proteins from infected to naïve cells, it is not clear whether the viral genome is also transferred via this mechanism and further, whether transfer via this route can result in productive replication of the infectious agents in the recipient cell. Here we present evidence that lung epithelial cells are connected by TNTs, and in spite of the presence of neutralizing antibodies and an antiviral agent, Oseltamivir, influenza virus can exploit these networks to transfer viral proteins and genome from the infected to naïve cell, resulting in productive viral replication in the naïve cells. These observations indicate that influenza viruses can spread using these intercellular networks that connect epithelial cells, evading immune and antiviral defenses and provide an explanation for the incidence of influenza infections even in influenza-immune individuals and vaccine failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Jin Hyang Kim
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Maureen G Metcalfe
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Weiping Cao
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Zhu Guo
- Virus Surveillance and Diagnostics Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, McGovern Institute, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sherif Zaki
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Ian York
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Disease, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Michael Shaw
- Office of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
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22
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Liepkalns JS, Pandey A, Hofstetter AR, Kumar A, Jones EN, Cao W, Liu F, Levine MZ, Sambhara S, Gangappa S. Rapamycin Does Not Impede Survival or Induction of Antibody Responses to Primary and Heterosubtypic Influenza Infections in Mice. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:487-493. [PMID: 27447349 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of immune defenses can contribute to severe influenza infections. Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug often used to prevent transplant rejection and is currently undergoing clinical trials for treating cancers and autoimmune diseases. We investigated whether rapamycin has deleterious effects during lethal influenza viral infections. We treated mice with two concentrations of rapamycin and infected them with A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (A/PR8), followed by a heterosubtypic A/Hong Kong/1/68 (A/HK68) challenge. Our data show similar morbidity, mortality, and lung viral titer with both rapamycin treatment doses compared to untreated controls, with a delay in morbidity onset in rapamycin high dose recipients during primary infection. Rapamycin treatment at high dose also led to increase in percent cytokine producing T cells in the spleen. However, all infected animals had similar serum antibody responses against A/PR8. Post-A/HK68 challenge, rapamycin had no impeding effect on morbidity or mortality and had similar serum antibody levels against A/PR8 and A/HK68. We conclude that rapamycin treatment does not adversely affect morbidity, mortality, or antibody production during lethal influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine S Liepkalns
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aseem Pandey
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amelia R Hofstetter
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .,2 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amrita Kumar
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Enitra N Jones
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Weiping Cao
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Feng Liu
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Min Z Levine
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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23
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Cao W, Liepkalns JS, Kamal RP, Reber AJ, Kim JH, Hofstetter AR, Amoah S, Stevens J, Ranjan P, Gangappa S, York IA, Sambhara S. RIG-I ligand enhances the immunogenicity of recombinant H7HA protein. Cell Immunol 2016; 304-305:55-8. [PMID: 27106062 PMCID: PMC5240151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Avian H7N9 influenza virus infection with fatal outcomes continues to pose a pandemic threat and highly immunogenic vaccines are urgently needed. In this report we show that baculovirus-derived recombinant H7 hemagglutinin protein, when delivered with RIG-I ligand, induced enhanced antibody and T cell responses and conferred protection against lethal challenge with a homologous H7N9 virus. These findings indicate the potential utility of RIG-I ligands as vaccine adjuvants to increase the immunogenicity of recombinant H7 hemagglutinin.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- DEAD Box Protein 58/immunology
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Vaccines, Synthetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Cao
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Justine S Liepkalns
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ram P Kamal
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA; Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrian J Reber
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin Hyang Kim
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amelia R Hofstetter
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA; Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Stevens
- Virus, Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian A York
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Cao W, Davis WG, Kim JH, De La Cruz JA, Taylor A, Hendrickson GR, Kumar A, Ranjan P, Lyon LA, Katz JM, Gangappa S, Sambhara S. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion enhances immunogenicity of H5N1 vaccine in mice. Nanomedicine 2016; 12:1909-1917. [PMID: 27112307 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the immunogenicity of the Influenza H5N1 vaccine, we developed an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant. NE displayed good temperature stability and maintained particle size. More importantly, it significantly enhanced IL-6 and MCP-1 production to recruit innate cells, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells to the local environment. Furthermore, NE enhanced dendritic cell function to induce robust antigen-specific T and B cell immune responses. NE-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine not only elicited significantly higher and long-lasting antibody responses, but also conferred enhanced protection against homologous clade 1 as well as heterologous clade 2 H5N1 virus challenge in young as well as in aged mice. The pre-existing immunity to seasonal influenza did not affect the immunogenicity of NE-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Cao
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - William G Davis
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin Hyang Kim
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan A De La Cruz
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grant R Hendrickson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Amoah S, Cao W, Ranjan P, Greer P, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR, Katz JM, Sambhara S, Gangappa S. Increased Dietary Salt Intake Does Not Influence Influenza A Virus-Induced Disease Severity in Mice. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:532-7. [PMID: 26284685 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are pathogens of significant public health importance. The influence of nutritional status on severity of disease has become increasingly recognized. In particular, high dietary salt intake has been linked to cardiovascular disease, but the effects on infectious diseases have not been studied. This study investigated the impact on influenza-induced morbidity and mortality in mice fed isocaloric diets containing 10-fold increments of sodium by altering the salt levels. Following infection, despite higher levels of IFN-gamma cytokine in the lung as well as virus-neutralizing antibody in the serum of mice fed the lowest salt level, the amounts of dietary salt intake had no substantial impact on the disease severity or the ability to respond immunologically to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Amoah
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Weiping Cao
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Priya Ranjan
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricia Greer
- 2 Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- 2 Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- 2 Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- 1 Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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Cao W, Mishina M, Ranjan P, De La Cruz JA, Kim JH, Garten R, Kumar A, García-Sastre A, Katz JM, Gangappa S, Sambhara S. A Newly Emerged Swine-Origin Influenza A(H3N2) Variant Dampens Host Antiviral Immunity but Induces Potent Inflammasome Activation. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1923-9. [PMID: 26068782 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the innate immune response to a newly emerged swine-origin influenza A(H3N2) variant containing the M gene from 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1), termed "A(H3N2)vpM," to the immune responses to the 2010 swine-origin influenza A(H3N2) variant and seasonal influenza A(H3N2). Our results demonstrated that A(H3N2)vpM-induced myeloid dendritic cells secreted significantly lower levels of type I interferon (IFN) but produced significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and induced potent inflammasome activation. The reduction in antiviral immunity with increased inflammatory responses upon A(H3N2)vpM infection suggest that these viruses have the potential for increased disease severity in susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Garten
- Virology, Surveillance, and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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27
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Ranjan P, Singh N, Kumar A, Neerincx A, Kremmer E, Cao W, Davis WG, Katz JM, Gangappa S, Lin R, Kufer TA, Sambhara S. NLRC5 interacts with RIG-I to induce a robust antiviral response against influenza virus infection. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:758-72. [PMID: 25404059 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The NLR protein, NLRC5 is an important regulator of MHC class I gene expression, however, the role of NLRC5 in other innate immune responses is less well defined. In the present study, we report that NLRC5 binds RIG-I and that this interaction is critical for robust antiviral responses against influenza virus. Overexpression of NLRC5 in the human lung epithelial cell line, A549, and normal human bronchial epithelial cells resulted in impaired replication of influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (PR8) and enhanced IFN-β expression. Influenza virus leads to induction of IFN-β that drives RIG-I and NLRC5 expression in host cells. Our results suggest that NLRC5 extends and stabilizes influenza virus induced RIG-I expression and delays expression of the viral inhibitor protein NS1. We show that NS1 binds to NLRC5 to suppress its function. Interaction domain mapping revealed that NLRC5 interacts with RIG-I via its N-terminal death domain and that NLRC5 enhanced antiviral activity in an leucine-rich repeat domain independent manner. Taken together, our findings identify a novel role for NLRC5 in RIG-I-mediated antiviral host responses against influenza virus infection, distinguished from the role of NLRC5 in MHC class I gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ranjan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hofstetter A, De La Cruz J, Patel J, McCoy J, Cao W, Kim J, Diebold B, Belser J, Tumpey T, Katz J, Sambhara S, Lambeth J, Gangappa S. Adverse role of influenza A virus-induced Nox1 in neutralizing antibody responses and survival against lethal viral challenge in mice. (P1407). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.57.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Highly pathogenic influenza viruses can elicit a severe cytokine storm, leading to acute lung injury (ALI), or in its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH Oxidase (Nox) enzymes of both the lung infiltrating cells and the lung epithelial tissue can contribute to lung injury directly or via inflammatory signaling pathways. Here, we present evidence that Nox1 expression is enhanced in vitro (A549 lung epithelial cells, 33-fold; THP-1 monocytic cells, 633-fold; HULEC lung endothelial cells, 27-fold) and in vivo (mouse lung tissue, 17-fold) in response to infection with influenza A virus. Notably, in A549 cells, Nox1 expression levels were enhanced by laboratory strains A/X31 (H3N2) and A/WSN/33 (H1N1), as well as A(H1N1)pdm09 clinical isolates (A/California/08/2009, A/Mexico/4108/2009, and A/Texas/15/2009) of influenza A virus. Nox1 induction was virus dose- and replication-dependent. However, Nox1-deficient mice had a higher survival rate (p=0.008) compared to wild-type controls in response to a lethal dose of A/PR8/1934 influenza. Improved survival of Nox1-deficient mice corresponded with increased (p=0.0006) flu-specific neutralizing antibody responses. These results suggest that therapeutic blockade of Nox1 deserves further attention as a possible adjunct therapy for influenza A-associated ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Hofstetter
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Juan De La Cruz
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jenish Patel
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - James McCoy
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
| | - Weiping Cao
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jin Kim
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Becky Diebold
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
| | - Jessica Belser
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Terrence Tumpey
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - J. Lambeth
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- 2Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA
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29
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Gangappa S, De La Cruz J, Ganesh T, Diebold B, Cao W, Smith S, Taylor A, Singh N, Hofstetter A, Kumar A, Katz J, Sambhara S, Lambeth JD. A novel quinazolin-derived reactive oxygen species-inhibitor suppresses influenza A virus-induced inflammatory mediators and leads to enhanced survival in mice (P4214). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.48.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form acute respiratory distress (ARD) can result from infectious agents, including several strains of influenza A virus. Recent evidence suggests that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor to ALI caused by influenza. We evaluated the effects of TG6-44, a novel inhibitor of ROS production, in in vitro and in vivo models of influenza A virus infection. In vitro, using the monocytic cells (THP-1) and human PBMC infected with influenza A virus (X31), we found that TG6-44 treatment decreased virus-induced ROS and inflammatory markers in THP1 (IL6, IFNγ , MCP1, TNFα , MIP1β) and in PBMC (IL6, IL8, TNFα , MCP1). Also, in influenza A virus-infected THP1 cells, TG6-44 treatment led to a reduction in virus-induced cell death as evidenced by decreased Caspase3 activation, decreased proportion of Annexin V+/PI+ cells, and increased Bcl2 phosphorylation. Notably, TG6-44-treatment decreased the proportion of THP1 cells expressing viral nucleoprotein and delayed its translocation into the nucleus. Moreover, mice infected with a lethal dose of influenza A virus (PR8) and given TG6-44 had both reduced levels of virus-induced inflammatory markers in lungs and a higher survival rate compared to controls. Taken together, our results demonstrate anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects of TG6-44, and suggest ROS-inhibitors as valuable adjunct therapeutics to reduce ALI/ARD caused by influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan De La Cruz
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Becky Diebold
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Weiping Cao
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan Smith
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrew Taylor
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Neetu Singh
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amelia Hofstetter
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- 1Influenza Division, Ctr. for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - J. David Lambeth
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Taylor AK, Cao W, Vora KP, De La Cruz J, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR, Katz JM, Sambhara S, Gangappa S. Protein energy malnutrition decreases immunity and increases susceptibility to influenza infection in mice. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:501-10. [PMID: 22949306 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), a common cause of secondary immune deficiency in children, is associated with an increased risk of infections. Very few studies have addressed the relevance of PEM as a risk factor for influenza. METHODS We investigated the influence of PEM on susceptibility to, and immune responses following, influenza virus infection using isocaloric diets providing either adequate protein (AP; 18%) or very low protein (VLP; 2%) in a mouse model. RESULTS We found that mice maintained on the VLP diet, when compared to mice fed with the AP diet, exhibited more severe disease following influenza infection based on virus persistence, trafficking of inflammatory cell types to the lung tissue, and virus-induced mortality. Furthermore, groups of mice maintained on the VLP diet showed significantly lower virus-specific antibody response and a reduction in influenza nuclear protein-specific CD8(+) T cells compared with mice fed on the AP diet. Importantly, switching diets for the group maintained on the VLP diet to the AP diet improved virus clearance, as well as protective immunity to viral challenge. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the impact of protein energy on immunity to influenza infection and suggest that balanced protein energy replenishment may be one strategy to boost immunity against influenza viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Taylor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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31
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Cao W, Taylor AK, Biber RE, Davis WG, Kim JH, Reber AJ, Chirkova T, De La Cruz JA, Pandey A, Ranjan P, Katz JM, Gangappa S, Sambhara S. Rapid differentiation of monocytes into type I IFN-producing myeloid dendritic cells as an antiviral strategy against influenza virus infection. J Immunol 2012; 189:2257-65. [PMID: 22855715 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) have long been thought to function as classical APCs for T cell responses. However, we demonstrate that influenza viruses induce rapid differentiation of human monocytes into mDCs. Unlike the classic mDCs, the virus-induced mDCs failed to upregulate DC maturation markers and were unable to induce allogeneic lymphoproliferation. Virus-induced mDCs secreted little, if any, proinflammatory cytokines; however, they secreted a substantial amount of chemoattractants for monocytes (MCP-1 and IP-10). Interestingly, the differentiated mDCs secreted type I IFN and upregulated the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (tetherin, IFITM3, and viperin), as well as cytosolic viral RNA sensors (RIG-I and MDA5). Additionally, culture supernatants from virus-induced mDCs suppressed the replication of virus in vitro. Furthermore, depletion of monocytes in a mouse model of influenza infection caused significant reduction of lung mDC numbers, as well as type I IFN production in the lung. Consequently, increased lung virus titer and higher mortality were observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the host responds to influenza virus infection by initiating rapid differentiation of circulating monocytes into IFN-producing mDCs, which contribute to innate antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Cao
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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32
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Davis WG, Bowzard JB, Sharma SD, Wiens ME, Ranjan P, Gangappa S, Stuchlik O, Pohl J, Donis RO, Katz JM, Cameron CE, Fujita T, Sambhara S. The 3' untranslated regions of influenza genomic sequences are 5'PPP-independent ligands for RIG-I. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32661. [PMID: 22438882 PMCID: PMC3305289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a key regulator of antiviral immunity. RIG-I is generally thought to be activated by ssRNA species containing a 5'-triphosphate (PPP) group or by unphosphorylated dsRNA up to ~300 bp in length. However, it is not yet clear how changes in the length, nucleotide sequence, secondary structure, and 5' end modification affect the abilities of these ligands to bind and activate RIG-I. To further investigate these parameters in the context of naturally occurring ligands, we examined RNA sequences derived from the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of the influenza virus NS1 gene segment. As expected, RIG-I-dependent interferon-β (IFN-β) induction by sequences from the 5' UTR of the influenza cRNA or its complement (26 nt in length) required the presence of a 5'PPP group. In contrast, activation of RIG-I by the 3' UTR cRNA sequence or its complement (172 nt) exhibited only a partial 5'PPP-dependence, as capping the 5' end or treatment with CIP showed a modest reduction in RIG-I activation. Furthermore, induction of IFN-β by a smaller, U/A-rich region within the 3' UTR was completely 5'PPP-independent. Our findings demonstrated that RNA sequence, length, and secondary structure all contributed to whether or not the 5'PPP moiety is needed for interferon induction by RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J. Bradford Bowzard
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Suresh D. Sharma
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mayim E. Wiens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Olga Stuchlik
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jan Pohl
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruben O. Donis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M. Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Craig E. Cameron
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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33
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Gaur P, Ranjan P, Sharma S, Patel JR, Bowzard JB, Rahman SK, Kumari R, Gangappa S, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK. Influenza A virus neuraminidase protein enhances cell survival through interaction with carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15109-17. [PMID: 22396546 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.328070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) protein primarily aids in the release of progeny virions from infected cells. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for NA in enhancing host cell survival by activating the Src/Akt signaling axis via an interaction with carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6/cluster of differentiation 66c (C6). NA/C6 interaction leads to increased tyrosyl phosphorylation of Src, FAK, Akt, GSK3β, and Bcl-2, which affects cell survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. siRNA-mediated suppression of C6 resulted in a down-regulation of activated Src, FAK, and Akt, increased apoptosis, and reduced expression of viral proteins and viral titers in influenza virus-infected human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. These findings indicate that influenza NA not only aids in the release of progeny virions, but also cell survival during viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Gaur
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
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Patel JR, Vora KP, Tripathi S, Zeng H, Tumpey TM, Katz JM, Sambhara S, Gangappa S. Infection of lung epithelial cells with pandemic 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses reveals isolate-specific differences in infectivity and host cellular responses. Viral Immunol 2011; 24:89-99. [PMID: 21449719 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2010.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the early virus-host interactions of the pandemic 2009 A(H1N1) viruses in humans, we examined early host responses following infection of human epithelial cell cultures with three 2009 A(H1N1) viruses (A/California/08/2009, A/Mexico/4108/2009, and A/Texas/15/2009), or a seasonal H1N1 vaccine strain (A/Solomon Islands/3/2006). We report here that infection with pandemic A/California/08/2009 and A/Mexico/4108/2009 viruses resulted in differences in virus infectivity compared to either pandemic A/Texas/15/2009 or the seasonal H1N1 vaccine strain. In addition, IFN-β levels were decreased in cell cultures infected with either the A/California/08/2009 or the A/Mexico/4108/2009 virus. Furthermore, infection with A/California/08/2009 and A/Mexico/4108/2009 viruses resulted in lower expression of four key proinflammatory markers (IL-6, RANTES, IP-10, and MIP-1β) compared with infection with either A/Texas/15/2009 or A/Solomon Islands/3/2006. Taken together, our results demonstrate that 2009 A(H1N1) viruses isolated during the Spring wave induced varying degrees of early host antiviral and inflammatory responses in human respiratory epithelial cells, highlighting the strain-specific nature of these responses, which play a role in clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenish R Patel
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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35
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Bowzard JB, Davis WG, Jeisy-Scott V, Ranjan P, Gangappa S, Fujita T, Sambhara S. PAMPer and tRIGer: ligand-induced activation of RIG-I. Trends Biochem Sci 2011; 36:314-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Jeisy Scott V, Bowzard J, Davis W, Gangappa S, Katz J, Sambhara S. Increased Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell recruitment and skewed TH2 response during influenza A virus infection in the absence of TLR7. (49.21). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.49.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is recognized by the innate immune system through RNA sensing pattern recognition receptors. One such receptor, Toll like receptor 7 (TLR7), and its downstream adaptor MyD88, have been shown to play an important role in the adaptive immune response to IAV infection. We investigated the specific contribution of TLR7 on the innate immune response to IAV. C57/B6 (WT) and TLR7-gene knock-out (TLR7-/-) mice were inoculated intranasally with a sub-lethal dose of Influenza A/PR/8/34 virus (PR8). Lungs were collected on days 3, 5, and 7post-infection to characterize cellular infiltrates and determine viral titers. TLR7-/- mice displayed increased morbidity following infection, despite having similar lung viral titers to WT mice. By day 7 post-infection, TLR7-/- mice had increased numbers of MDSC, neutrophil, and dendritic cell recruited to the lungs. Furthermore, on day 10 post-infection, the CD4+ T-cells of TLR7-/- mice expressed significantly higher levels of IL-4 compared with those of WT mice. To investigate functional differences between WT and TLR7-/- MDSCs, we purified MDSCs from day 7 infected mice and co-cultured them with OT-2 T-cells in the presence of ovalbumin peptide. On day 3, we observed increased numbers of IL-10 producing OT-2 T-cells when cultured with TLR7-/- MDSCs. Taken together, we conclude that TLR7 plays an important role in modulating the magnitude and quality of MDSCs and TH1/TH2 polarization during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jeisy Scott
- 1Center for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- 2Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - J. Bowzard
- 1Center for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - William Davis
- 1Center for Dis. Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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37
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Taylor A, Vora K, Cao W, Shieh WJ, Zaki S, Katz J, Sambhara S, Gangappa S. Protein energy malnutrition decreases immunity and increases susceptibility to influenza infection. (67.5). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.67.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), a common cause of secondary immune deficiency in children, is associated with an increased risk of infection. We investigated the influence of PEM on susceptibility and immune responses to influenza virus infection using a mouse model. Groups of weanling mice maintained on isocaloric diets providing varying levels of protein energy [18%/adequate protein (AP), 5%/low protein (LP), and 2%/very low protein (VLP)] were infected with either 2009 A(H1N1) or laboratory-adapted H1N1 virus and assessed for disease severity and immune responsiveness. We found that compared to mice fed with AP and LP diets, mice maintained on the VLP diet exhibited an increase in virus-induced mortality and morbidity. Mice maintained on the VLP diet demonstrated diminished IFNγ levels and increased virus titer and inflammatory cell types in lung tissue, compared with mice on higher protein content diets. Moreover, groups of mice maintained on the VLP diet showed a lower hemagglutination-inhibition antibody response and reduced total numbers of splenic NP-specific CD8+ T cells compared with mice on higher protein content diets. Following re-feeding of the VLP group with the AP diet, post-infection morbidity, mortality and virus titer were all improved. Our results highlight the impact of protein energy on immunity to influenza infection and suggest balanced protein energy replenishment may be one strategy to boost immunity against influenza viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Taylor
- 1Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Keyur Vora
- 1Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Weiping Cao
- 1Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- 2Divison of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sherif Zaki
- 2Divison of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- 1Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- 1Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- 1Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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38
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Turner AP, Shaffer VO, Araki K, Martens C, Turner PL, Gangappa S, Ford ML, Ahmed R, Kirk AD, Larsen CP. Sirolimus enhances the magnitude and quality of viral-specific CD8+ T-cell responses to vaccinia virus vaccination in rhesus macaques. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:613-8. [PMID: 21342450 PMCID: PMC3076606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sirolimus is a potent antiproliferative agent used clinically to prevent renal allograft rejection. However, little is known about the effects of maintenance immunosuppressive agents on the immune response to potentially protective vaccines. Here we show that sirolimus paradoxically increases the magnitude and quality of the CD8+ T-cell response to vaccinia vaccination in nonhuman primates, fostering more robust recall responses compared to untreated and tacrolimus-treated controls. Enhancement of both the central and effector memory compartments of the vaccinia-specific CD8+ T-cell response was observed. These data elucidate new mechanistic characteristics of sirolimus and suggest immune applications extending beyond its role as an immunosuppressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Turner
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Araki K, Gangappa S, Dillehay DL, Rouse BT, Larsen CP, Ahmed R. Pathogenic virus-specific T cells cause disease during treatment with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506: implications for transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:2355-67. [PMID: 20921283 PMCID: PMC2964579 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic virus-specific T cells can inflict a cytokine storm and lethal disease even in immunosuppressive conditions. Recently, several cases of fatal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection occurred in transplant recipients being treated with the immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitor FK506. These findings were surprising because LCMV is a noncytolytic virus. To understand how a noncytolytic virus can cause disease under conditions of immunosuppression, we used the mouse LCMV model and found that, similar to the observations in human transplant recipients, LCMV infection of FK506-treated mice resulted in a lethal disease characterized by viremia, lack of seroconversion, and minimal lymphocytic infiltrates in the tissues. However, despite the apparent absence of an antiviral immune response, this disease was orchestrated by virus-specific T cells. FK506 did not prevent the generation and proliferation of LCMV-specific T cells but instead altered their differentiation so that these effector T cells lost the ability to control virus but were still capable of mediating disease. These pathogenic T cells initiated a cytokine storm characterized by high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and depletion of T cells or blockade of these inflammatory cytokines prevented the lethal disease. Our study shows that inhibiting calcineurin can generate pathogenic T cells and indicates that T cell–mediated viral disease can occur even under conditions of immunosuppression. Furthermore, we identify a potential strategy (blockade of TNF and IL-6) for treatment of transplant recipients who have acute complications of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Araki
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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40
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Ranjan P, Jayashankar L, Deyde V, Zeng H, Davis WG, Pearce MB, Bowzard JB, Hoelscher MA, Jeisy-Scott V, Wiens ME, Gangappa S, Gubareva L, García-Sastre A, Katz JM, Tumpey TM, Fujita T, Sambhara S. 5'PPP-RNA induced RIG-I activation inhibits drug-resistant avian H5N1 as well as 1918 and 2009 pandemic influenza virus replication. Virol J 2010; 7:102. [PMID: 20492658 PMCID: PMC2891689 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergence of drug-resistant strains of influenza viruses, including avian H5N1 with pandemic potential, 1918 and 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic viruses to currently used antiviral agents, neuraminidase inhibitors and M2 Ion channel blockers, underscores the importance of developing novel antiviral strategies. Activation of innate immune pathogen sensor Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I (RIG-I) has recently been shown to induce antiviral state. RESULTS In the present investigation, using real time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and plaque assay we show that 5'PPP-containing single stranded RNA (5'PPP-RNA), a ligand for the intracytoplasmic RNA sensor, RIG-I can be used as a prophylactic agent against known drug-resistant avian H5N1 and pandemic influenza viruses. 5'PPP-RNA treatment of human lung epithelial cells inhibited replication of drug-resistant avian H5N1 as well as 1918 and 2009 pandemic influenza viruses in a RIG-I and type 1 interferon dependant manner. Additionally, 5'PPP-RNA treatment also inhibited 2009 H1N1 viral replication in vivo in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that 5'PPP-RNA mediated activation of RIG-I can suppress replication of influenza viruses irrespective of their genetic make-up, pathogenicity, and drug-sensitivity status.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism
- Disease Outbreaks
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/genetics
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- RNA, Viral/chemical synthesis
- RNA, Viral/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/pharmacology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ranjan
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Lakshmi Jayashankar
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Varough Deyde
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Hui Zeng
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - William G Davis
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Melissa B Pearce
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - John B Bowzard
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Mary A Hoelscher
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Victoria Jeisy-Scott
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Mayim E Wiens
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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41
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Gilson CR, Milas Z, Gangappa S, Hollenbaugh D, Pearson TC, Ford ML, Larsen CP. Anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody synergizes with CTLA4-Ig in promoting long-term graft survival in murine models of transplantation. J Immunol 2009; 183:1625-35. [PMID: 19592649 PMCID: PMC2828346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of the CD40/CD154 signaling pathway using anti-CD154 Abs has shown promise in attenuating the alloimmune response and promoting long-term graft survival in murine model systems, although side effects observed in humans have hampered its progression through clinical trials. Appropriately designed anti-CD40 Abs may provide a suitable alternative. We investigated two isoforms of a novel monoclonal rat anti-mouse CD40 Ab (7E1) for characteristics and effects mirroring those of anti-CD154: 7E1-G1 (an IgG1 isotype); and 7E1-G2b (an IgG2b isotype). In vitro proliferation assays to measure the agonist properties of the two anti-CD40 Abs revealed similar responses when plate bound. However, when present as a soluble stimulus, 7E1-G1 but not 7E1-G2b led to proliferation. 7E1-G2b was as effective as anti-CD154 when administered in vivo in concert with CTLA4-Ig in promoting both allogeneic bone marrow chimerism and skin graft survival, whereas 7E1-G1 was not. The protection observed with 7E1-G2b was not due to depletion of CD40-bearing APCs. These data suggest that an appropriately designed anti-CD40 Ab can promote graft survival as well as anti-CD154, making 7E1-G2b an attractive substitute in mouse models of costimulation blockade-based tolerance regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Gilson
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Zvonimir Milas
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Diane Hollenbaugh
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Thomas C. Pearson
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Christian P. Larsen
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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42
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Spiropoulou CF, Ranjan P, Pearce MB, Sealy TK, Albariño CG, Gangappa S, Fujita T, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, Ksiazek TG, Sambhara S. RIG-I activation inhibits ebolavirus replication. Virology 2009; 392:11-5. [PMID: 19628240 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever viruses are associated with rapidly progressing severe disease with high case fatality, making them of public health and biothreat importance. Effective antivirals are not available for most of the members of this diverse group of viruses. A broad spectrum strategy for antiviral development would be very advantageous. Perhaps the most challenging target would be the highly immunosuppressive filoviruses, ebolavirus and marburgvirus, associated with aerosol infectivity and case fatalities in the 80-90% range. Here we report that activation of evolutionarily conserved cytosolic viral nucleic acid sensor, RIG-I can cause severe inhibition of ebolavirus replication. These findings indicate that RIG-I-based therapies may provide an attractive approach for antivirals against Ebola hemorrhagic fever, and possibly other HF viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina F Spiropoulou
- Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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43
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Araki K, Turner AP, Shaffer VO, Gangappa S, Keller SA, Bachmann MF, Larsen CP, Ahmed R. mTOR regulates memory CD8 T-cell differentiation. Nature 2009; 460:108-12. [PMID: 19543266 PMCID: PMC2710807 DOI: 10.1038/nature08155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1192] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Memory CD8 T cells are a critical component of protective immunity and inducing effective memory T cell responses is a major goal of vaccines against chronic infections and tumors 1-3. Considerable effort has gone into designing vaccine regimens that will increase the magnitude of the memory response but there has been minimal emphasis on developing strategies to improve the functional qualities of memory T cells 4. In this study we show that mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin 5, is a major regulator of memory CD8 T cell differentiation and in contrast to what we expected the mTOR specific inhibitor rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug, had surprising immunostimulatory effects on the generation of memory CD8 T cells. Treatment of mice with rapamycin following acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection enhanced not only the quantity but also the quality of virus specific CD8 T cells. Similar effects were seen after immunization of mice with a non-replicating VLP based vaccine. In addition, rapamycin treatment also enhanced memory T cell responses in non-human primates following vaccination with MVA (modified vaccinia virus - Ankara). Rapamycin was effective during both the expansion and contraction phases of the T cell response; during the expansion phase it increased the number of memory precursors and during the contraction phase (effector to memory transition) it accelerated the memory T cell differentiation program. Experiments using RNAi to inhibit mTOR, raptor or FKBP12 expression in antigen specific CD8 T cells showed that mTOR acts intrinsically through the mTORC1 pathway to regulate memory T cell differentiation. Thus, these studies identify a molecular pathway regulating memory formation and provide an effective strategy for improving the functional qualities of vaccine or infection induced memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Araki
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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44
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Szretter KJ, Gangappa S, Belser JA, Zeng H, Chen H, Matsuoka Y, Sambhara S, Swayne DE, Tumpey TM, Katz JM. Early control of H5N1 influenza virus replication by the type I interferon response in mice. J Virol 2009; 83:5825-34. [PMID: 19297490 PMCID: PMC2681972 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02144-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread distribution of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses in domesticated and wild birds continues to pose a threat to public health, as interspecies transmission of virus has resulted in increasing numbers of human disease cases. Although the pathogenic mechanism(s) of H5N1 influenza viruses has not been fully elucidated, it has been suggested that the ability to evade host innate responses, such as the type I interferon response, may contribute to the virulence of these viruses in mammals. We investigated the role that type I interferons (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-alpha/beta]) might play in H5N1 pathogenicity in vivo, by comparing the kinetics and outcomes of H5N1 virus infection in IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFN-alpha/betaR)-deficient and SvEv129 wild-type mice using two avian influenza A viruses isolated from humans, A/Hong Kong/483/97 (HK/483) and A/Hong Kong/486/97 (HK/486), which exhibit high and low lethality in mice, respectively. IFN-alpha/betaR-deficient mice experienced significantly more weight loss and more rapid time to death than did wild-type mice. HK/486 virus caused a systemic infection similar to that with HK/483 virus in IFN-alpha/betaR-deficient mice, suggesting a role for IFN-alpha/beta in controlling the systemic spread of this H5N1 virus. HK/483 virus replicated more efficiently than HK/486 virus both in vivo and in vitro. However, replication of both viruses was significantly reduced following pretreatment with IFN-alpha/beta. These results suggest a role for the IFN-alpha/beta response in the control of H5N1 virus replication both in vivo and in vitro, and as such it may provide some degree of protection to the host in the early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy J Szretter
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303331, USA
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45
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Patel JR, Christoph BT, Hussain SF, Vora KP, Ranjan P, Sambhara S, Gangappa S. Impact of NADPH Oxidase Inhibition on Influenza A Virus-induced Inflammation (134.80). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.134.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Activation of innate immunity pathways in susceptible cell types is critical for host defense against influenza-A viruses (IAV). Based on studies signifying a role for NOX1 in inflammation, we hypothesized that IAV of seasonal and pandemic potential may induce different isoforms of NOX enzymes in the respiratory tract, and that attenuation of virus strain-specific NOX enzymes can be exploited to prevent and/or treat severity of disease. Using three respiratory tract-relevant cell lines (epithelial/A549, endothelial/HULEC, and monoctytic/THP1) and three strains of IAV (H1N1/PR8, H3N2/X31, H1N1/WSN), we found significant upregulation of NOX1 in all three cell lines (e.g.-A549: PR8/55 fold; X31/35 fold; WSN/12,250 fold). Furthermore, in contrast to the epithelial cell line showing NOX1 expression by 4h with peak levels at 16h, the monocytic cell line showed delayed (8h) and sustained (48h) levels of NOX1. Interestingly, inhibition of NOX-isoforms in IAV-infected epithelial cells by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), at a concentration (25μM), which did not impact cell death, showed significant decrease (75%) in virus triggered NOX1 levels. In addition, NOX-inhibition led to significant decrease in virus-induced chemokines (MCP1, MIP3, MIP1β, RANTES, and IP10) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL1α, IL6, IL8, and TNFα). Furthermore, decline in NOX1 correlated with a modest increase in viral NS1. Taken together, in addition to showing definitive evidence for upregulation of NOX1 in response to subtypes of IAV, our results strongly support a role for NOX1 in IAV-driven inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenish R. Patel
- 1Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bradley T. Christoph
- 1Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sakina F. Hussain
- 1Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Keyur P. Vora
- 1Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- 1Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- 1Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- 1Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Kelly FM, Reddy RN, Roberts BR, Gangappa S, Williams IR, Gooch JL. TGF-beta upregulation drives tertiary lymphoid organ formation and kidney dysfunction in calcineurin A-alpha heterozygous mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F512-20. [PMID: 19129256 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90629.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is an important intracellular signaling molecule which can be inhibited by cyclosporin resulting in immune suppression and nephrotoxicity. Previously, we reported that homozygous loss of the alpha isoform of calcineurin impairs kidney development and function and mimics many features of cyclosporin nephrotoxicity. However, early lethality of null mice prevented further study of renal changes. Alternatively, we examined aged heterozygous (CnAalpha(+/-)) mice. In addition to renal dysfunction and inflammation, we find that CnAalpha(+/-) mice spontaneously develop tertiary lymphoid aggregates in the kidney, small intestine, liver, and lung. Lymphoid aggregates contain both T cells and B cells and exhibited organization suggestive of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs). Kidney function and TLO formation were highly correlated suggesting that this process may contribute to nephrotoxicity. Consistent with previous findings, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is significantly increased in CnAalpha(+/-) mice. Neutralization of TGF-beta attenuated TLO formation and improved kidney function. In conclusion, we report that haploinsufficiency of CnAalpha causes uregulation of TGF-beta which contributes to chronic inflammation and formation of TLOs. While the process that leads to TLOs formation in transplant allografts is unknown, TLOs are associated with poor clinical prognosis. This study suggests that calcineurin inhibition itself may lead to TLO formation and that TGF-beta may be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Kelly
- Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Koehn BH, Ford ML, Ferrer IR, Borom K, Gangappa S, Kirk AD, Larsen CP. PD-1-dependent mechanisms maintain peripheral tolerance of donor-reactive CD8+ T cells to transplanted tissue. J Immunol 2008; 181:5313-22. [PMID: 18832687 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral mechanisms of self-tolerance often depend on the quiescent state of the immune system. To what degree such mechanisms can be engaged in the enhancement of allograft survival is unclear. To examine the role of the PD-1 pathway in the maintenance of graft survival following blockade of costimulatory pathways, we used a single-Ag mismatch model of graft rejection where we could track the donor-specific cells as they developed endogenously and emerged from the thymus. We found that graft-specific T cells arising under physiologic developmental conditions at low frequency were actively deleted at the time of transplantation under combined CD28/CD40L blockade. However, this deletion was incomplete, and donor-specific cells that failed to undergo deletion up-regulated expression of PD-1. Furthermore, blockade of PD-1 signaling on these cells via in vivo treatment with anti-PD-1 mAb resulted in rapid expansion of donor-specific T cells and graft loss. These results suggest that the PD-1 pathway was engaged in the continued regulation of the low-frequency graft-specific immune response and thus in maintenance of graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent H Koehn
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Stapler D, Lee ED, Selvaraj SA, Evans AG, Kean LS, Speck SH, Larsen CP, Gangappa S. Expansion of effector memory TCR Vbeta4+ CD8+ T cells is associated with latent infection-mediated resistance to transplantation tolerance. J Immunol 2008; 180:3190-200. [PMID: 18292543 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapies that control largely T cell-dependent allograft rejection in humans also possess the undesirable effect of impairing T cell function, leaving transplant recipients susceptible to opportunistic viruses. Prime among these opportunists are the ubiquitous herpesviruses. To date, studies are lacking that address the effect of viruses that establish a true latent state on allograft tolerance or the effect of tolerance protocols on the immune control of latent viruses. By using a mixed chimerism-based tolerance-induction protocol, we found that mice undergoing latent infection with gammaHV68, a murine gamma-herpesvirus closely related to human gamma-herpesviruses such as EBV and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, significantly resist tolerance to allografts. Limiting the degree of virus reactivation or innate immune response did not reconstitute chimerism in latently infected mice. However, gammaHV68-infected mice showed increased frequency of CD8+ T cell alloreactivity and, interestingly, expansion of virus-induced, alloreactive, "effector/effector memory" TCR Vbeta4+CD8+ T cells driven by the gammaHV68-M1 gene was associated with resistance to tolerance induction in studies using gammaHV68-M1 mutant virus. These results define the viral gene and immune cell types involved in latent infection-mediated resistance to allograft tolerance and underscore the influence of latent herpesviruses on allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Stapler
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Gangappa S, Larsen CP. Immunosuppressive protocols for pig-to-human islet transplantation: lessons from pre-clinical non-human primate models. Xenotransplantation 2008; 15:107-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2008.00464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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