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Crockford D, Bahji A, Schutz C, Brasch J, Buckley L, Danilewitz M, Dubreucq S, Mak M, George TP. Training in Substance Use Disorders, Part 2: Updated Curriculum Guidelines. Can J Psychiatry 2024; 69:457-478. [PMID: 38533564 PMCID: PMC11107441 DOI: 10.1177/07067437241232456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David Crockford
- Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute & Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anees Bahji
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christian Schutz
- Professor, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Research Lead Adult Mental Health and Substance Use, Provincial Health Service Authority, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Brasch
- Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Lead, Addiction Psychiatry, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Past-President, Canadian Society of Addiction Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leslie Buckley
- Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marlon Danilewitz
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Associate Medical Director, General Psychiatry, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Dubreucq
- Psychiatrist, Department of Addiction Medicine, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Mak
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Adjunct Research Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bahji A, Crockford D, Brasch J, Schutz C, Buckley L, Danilewitz M, Dubreucq S, Mak M, George TP. Training in Substance use Disorders, Part 1: Overview of Clinical Practice Recommendations. Can J Psychiatry 2024; 69:428-456. [PMID: 38613369 PMCID: PMC11107443 DOI: 10.1177/07067437241231128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anees Bahji
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David Crockford
- Clinical Professor, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute & Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Brasch
- Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Lead, Addiction Psychiatry, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Past-President, Canadian Society of Addiction Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christian Schutz
- Professor, Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Research Lead Adult Mental Health and Substance Use, Provincial Health Service Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leslie Buckley
- Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marlon Danilewitz
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Associate Medical Director, General Psychiatry, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Dubreucq
- Psychiatrist, Department of Addiction Medicine, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Mak
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Adjunct Research Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Patel A, Corman M, de Oliveira C, Mason J, Somé N, Downie D, Jain E, Patterson M, Cunningham JA, George TP, Le Foll B, Quilty LC. Computer-Based Training for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Substance Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial Including Quantitative and Qualitative Health and Economic Outcomes: Formation informatisée pour la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale pour les troubles liés à l'usage de substances : un essai randomisé contrôlé y compris les résultats quantitatifs et qualitatifs en matière de santé et d'économie. Can J Psychiatry 2024:7067437241255100. [PMID: 38783836 DOI: 10.1177/07067437241255100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heavy alcohol and drug use is reported by a substantial number of Canadians; yet, only a minority of those experiencing substance use difficulties access specialized services. Computer-Based Training for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT4CBT) offers a low-cost method to deliver accessible and high-quality CBT for substance use difficulties. To date, CBT4CBT has primarily been evaluated in terms of quantitative outcomes within substance use disorder (SUD) samples in the United States. A comparison between CBT4CBT versus standard care for SUDs in a Canadian sample is critical to evaluate its potential for health services in Canada. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of CBT4CBT versus standard care for SUD. METHODS Adults seeking outpatient treatment for SUD (N = 50) were randomly assigned to receive either CBT4CBT or treatment-as-usual (TAU) for 8 weeks. Measures of substance use and associated harms and quality of life were completed before and after treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Qualitative interviews were administered after treatment and at follow-up, and healthcare utilization and costs were extracted for the entire study period. RESULTS Participants exhibited improvements on the primary outcome as well as several secondary outcomes; however, there were no differences between groups. A cost-effectiveness analysis found lower healthcare costs in CBT4CBT versus TAU in a subsample analysis, but more days of substance use in CBT4CBT. Qualitative analyses highlighted the benefits and challenges of CBT4CBT. DISCUSSION Findings supported an overall improvement in clinical outcomes. Further investigation is warranted to identify opportunities for implementation of CBT4CBT in tertiary care settings.Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03767907.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Patel
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Corman
- School of Culture, Media, and Society, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
- University Studies, Northern Lakes College, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claire de Oliveira
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joyce Mason
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nibene Somé
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Downie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esha Jain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Patterson
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - John A Cunningham
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Addictions Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tony P George
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mehta DD, Siddiqui S, Ward HB, Steele VR, Pearlson GD, George TP. Functional and structural effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:86-98. [PMID: 38531161 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a disabling symptom for people with schizophrenia (SCZ), and do not always respond to antipsychotics. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown efficacy for medication-refractory AVH, though the underlying neural mechanisms by which rTMS produces these effects remain unclear. This systematic review evaluated the structural and functional impact of rTMS for AVH in SCZ, and its association with clinical outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Medline, PsychINFO, and PubMed using terms for four key concepts: AVH, SCZ, rTMS, neuroimaging. Using PRISMA guidelines, 18 studies were identified that collected neuroimaging data of an rTMS intervention for AVH in SCZ. Risk of bias assessments was conducted. RESULTS Low frequency (<5 Hz) rTMS targeting left hemispheric language processing regions may normalize brain abnormalities in AVH patients at structural, functional, electrophysiological, and topological levels, with concurrent symptom improvement. Amelioration of aberrant neural activity in frontotemporal networks associated with speech and auditory processing was commonly observed, as well as in cerebellar and emotion regulation regions. Neuroimaging analyses identified neural substrates with direct correlations to post-rTMS AVH severity, propounding their use as therapeutic targets. DISCUSSION Combined rTMS-neuroimaging highlights the multidimensional alterations of rTMS on brain activity and structure in treatment-resistant AVH, which may be used to develop more efficacious therapies. Larger randomized, sham-controlled studies are needed. Future studies should explore alternate stimulation targets, investigate the neural effects of high-frequency rTMS and evaluate long-term neuroimaging outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhvani D Mehta
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Addictions Division and Institute for Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Salsabil Siddiqui
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Addictions Division and Institute for Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather B Ward
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Addictions Division and Institute for Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Addictions Division and Institute for Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Addictions Division and Institute for Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Addictions Division and Institute for Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Sorkhou M, Dent EL, George TP. Cannabis use and mood disorders: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1346207. [PMID: 38655516 PMCID: PMC11035759 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1346207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic cannabis use is highly prevalent among people with mood disorders. This underscores the need to understand the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in this population, especially considering legalization of recreational cannabis use. Objectives We aimed to (1) systematically evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal studies investigating the interplay between cannabis use, cannabis use disorder (CUD), and the occurrence of mood disorders and symptoms, with a focus on major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and; (2) examine the effects of cannabis on the prognosis and treatment outcomes of MDD and BD. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an extensive search for English-language studies investigating the potential impact of cannabis on the development and prognosis of mood disorders published from inception through November 2023, using EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases. Results Our literature search identified 3,262 studies, with 78 meeting inclusion criteria. We found that cannabis use is associated with increased depressive and manic symptoms in the general population in addition to an elevated likelihood of developing MDD and BD. Furthermore, we observed that cannabis use is linked to an unfavorable prognosis in both MDD or BD. Discussion Our findings suggest that cannabis use may negatively influence the development, course, and prognosis of MDD and BD. Future well-designed studies, considering type, amount, and frequency of cannabis use while addressing confounding factors, are imperative for a comprehensive understanding of this relationship. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023481634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sorkhou
- Institute for Mental Health Policy and Research at CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eliza L. Dent
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Institute for Mental Health Policy and Research at CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ngoy A, Tang VM, Xiao K, Blumberger DM, George TP, Gowin JL, Le Foll B, Sloan ME. Neuromodulation for Cannabis Use: A Scoping Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:356. [PMID: 38672008 PMCID: PMC11048669 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This scoping review explores the use of neuromodulation techniques in individuals with cannabis use. Our goal was to determine whether cannabis use alters cortical excitation and inhibition in the context of neuromodulation and to determine whether neuromodulation affects craving and cannabis use patterns. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, OVID Medline, and PsycINFO from inception to 20 December 2022. Our review identified ten relevant studies, eight of which used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), while two employed Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Findings from TMS studies suggest that cannabis users exhibit altered cortical inhibition, with decreased short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) compared to non-users. Single sessions of rTMS did not have any impact on cannabis craving. By contrast, two studies found that multiple sessions of rTMS reduced cannabis use, but these changes did not meet the threshold for statistical significance and both studies were limited by small sample sizes. The two included tDCS studies found contradictory results, with one showing reduced cannabis craving with active treatment and another showing no effect of active treatment on craving compared to sham. Future studies should further explore the effects of multiple treatment sessions and different neuromodulation modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ngoy
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.N.); (T.P.G.); (B.L.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Victor M. Tang
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (V.M.T.); (D.M.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Kebin Xiao
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.N.); (T.P.G.); (B.L.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Daniel M. Blumberger
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (V.M.T.); (D.M.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.N.); (T.P.G.); (B.L.F.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Joshua L. Gowin
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.N.); (T.P.G.); (B.L.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON L9M 1G3, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Sloan
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.N.); (T.P.G.); (B.L.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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Lowe DJE, Sorkhou M, George TP. Cannabis use in adolescents and anxiety symptoms and disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2024; 50:150-161. [PMID: 38285048 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2299922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Background: The use of cannabis is highly prevalent during adolescence compared to the general adult population. In addition to the high comorbidity between cannabis use and anxiety disorders, early evidence suggests that cannabis may precede the development of anxiety. Moreover, adolescence represents a major developmental period for both neurobiological and psychological processes, placing these individuals at a heightened vulnerability to the influence of cannabis.Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prospective associations between adolescent cannabis use and subsequent anxiety outcomes (i.e. anxiety disorders and/or symptoms).Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted encompassing data from articles published between database inception and September 2022.Results: Six longitudinal studies were identified for quantitative analysis, while twelve non-overlapping longitudinal studies were identified for qualitative review (total N = 18; 33380 subjects). Meta-analytical findings supported an association between adolescent cannabis use and the development of a subsequent anxiety disorder (Odds Ratio = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.37-3.36, p < .01). These findings were consistent with our qualitative synthesis where nine of the twelve longitudinal studies observed a significant relationship between adolescent cannabis use and exacerbation of anxiety symptoms later in life, irrespective of an anxiety disorder diagnosis.Discussion: In summary, the current evidence suggests a prospective association between adolescent cannabis use and later anxiety symptoms and disorders. These findings underscore the importance of refining research methodologies, considering sex-based differences and controlling for confounding factors, as well as implementing educational initiatives and developing clinical interventions to address the mental health risks associated with cannabis use among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby J E Lowe
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam Sorkhou
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Sorkhou M, Singla DR, Castle DJ, George TP. Birth, cognitive and behavioral effects of intrauterine cannabis exposure in infants and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2024; 119:411-437. [PMID: 37968824 PMCID: PMC10872597 DOI: 10.1111/add.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of cannabis, has been implicated in affecting fetal neurodevelopment by readily crossing the placenta. However, little is known regarding the long-term effects of intrauterine cannabis exposure. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized prospective and cross-sectional human studies to measure the effects of intrauterine cannabis exposure on birth, behavioral, psychological and cognitive outcomes in infancy until early childhood. METHODS Reporting according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, cross-sectional and prospective studies published from database inception until June 2023, investigating developmental outcomes of infants, toddlers and young children with intrauterine cannabis exposure were considered. All articles were obtained from PubMed or PsycINFO databases. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 932 studies, in which 57 articles met eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that intrauterine cannabis exposure increases the risk of preterm delivery [odds ratio (OR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-2.71, P = 0.03], low birth weight (OR = 2.60, CI = 1.71-3.94, P < 0.001) and requirement for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (OR = 2.51, CI = 1.46-4.31; P < 0.001). Our qualitative synthesis suggests that intrauterine cannabis exposure may be associated with poorer attention and externalizing problems in infancy and early childhood. We found no evidence for impairments in other cognitive domains or internalizing behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal cannabis use appears to be associated with lower birth weight, preterm birth and neonatal intensive care unit admission in newborns, but there is little evidence that prenatal cannabis exposure adversely impacts behavioral or cognitive outcomes in early childhood, with the exception of attention and externalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sorkhou
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daisy R Singla
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David J Castle
- Tasmania Centre for Mental Health Service Innovation, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Tony P George
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chen BK, Custis T, Monteggia LM, George TP. Effects of open access publishing on article metrics in Neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:757-763. [PMID: 38212443 PMCID: PMC10876690 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychopharmacology (NPP) offers the option to publish articles in different tiers of an open access (OA) publishing system: Green, Bronze, or Hybrid. Green articles follow a standard access (SA) subscription model, in which readers must pay a subscription fee to access article content on the publisher's website. Bronze articles are selected at the publisher's discretion and offer free availability to readers at the same article processing charge (APC) as Green articles. Hybrid articles are fully OA, but authors pay an increased APC to ensure public access. Here, we aimed to determine whether publishing tier affect the impact and reach of scientific articles in NPP. A sample of 6000 articles published between 2001-2021 were chosen for the analysis. Articles were separated by article type and publication year. Citation counts and Altmetric scores were compared between the three tiers. Bronze articles received significantly more citations than Green and Hybrid articles overall. However, when analyzed by year, Bronze and Hybrid articles received comparable citation counts within the past decade. Altmetric scores were comparable between all tiers, although this effect varied by year. Our findings indicate that free availability of article content on the publisher's website is associated with an increase in citations of NPP articles but may only provide a moderate boost in Altmetric score. Overall, our results suggest that easily accessible article content is most often cited by readers, but that the higher APCs of Hybrid tier publishing may not guarantee increased scholarly or social impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana K Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | | | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), and Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
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10
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Mehta DD, Praecht A, Ward HB, Sanches M, Sorkhou M, Tang VM, Steele VR, Hanlon CA, George TP. A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuromodulation therapies for substance use disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:649-680. [PMID: 38086901 PMCID: PMC10876556 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
While pharmacological, behavioral and psychosocial treatments are available for substance use disorders (SUDs), they are not always effective or well-tolerated. Neuromodulation (NM) methods, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) may address SUDs by targeting addiction neurocircuitry. We evaluated the efficacy of NM to improve behavioral outcomes in SUDs. A systematic literature search was performed on MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and PubMed databases and a list of search terms for four key concepts (SUD, rTMS, tDCS, DBS) was applied. Ninety-four studies were identified that examined the effects of rTMS, tDCS, and DBS on substance use outcomes (e.g., craving, consumption, and relapse) amongst individuals with SUDs including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants, and opioids. Meta-analyses were performed for alcohol and tobacco studies using rTMS and tDCS. We found that rTMS reduced substance use and craving, as indicated by medium to large effect sizes (Hedge's g > 0.5). Results were most encouraging when multiple stimulation sessions were applied, and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was targeted. tDCS also produced medium effect sizes for drug use and craving, though they were highly variable and less robust than rTMS; right anodal DLPFC stimulation appeared to be most efficacious. DBS studies were typically small, uncontrolled studies, but showed promise in reducing misuse of multiple substances. NM may be promising for the treatment of SUDs. Future studies should determine underlying neural mechanisms of NM, and further evaluate extended treatment durations, accelerated administration protocols and long-term outcomes with biochemical verification of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhvani D Mehta
- Addictions Division, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Angela Praecht
- Addictions Division, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather B Ward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Maryam Sorkhou
- Addictions Division, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victor M Tang
- Addictions Division, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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11
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Rodas JD, George TP, Hassan AN. A Systematic Review of the Clinical Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Symptom Clusters. J Clin Psychiatry 2024; 85:23r14862. [PMID: 38353645 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.23r14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Given the high rate of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cannabis use, it is critical that further research be conducted to address the associated benefits and risks of cannabis use in this population. This systematic review evaluated evidence on the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on PTSD symptoms and PTSD clusters. Data Sources: A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases was performed using terms related to cannabis, cannabinoids, and PTSD. Peer-reviewed studies available online in English and published from January 1990 through February 2023 were considered. Study Selection: Included studies were experimental or observational in design, were conducted in cannabis-using patients with PTSD, used validated measures of PTSD, and were published in English. Data Extraction: Extracted information included study aims, study design, sample size and sex, comparator group, cannabis-related characteristics, psychometric instruments, and relevant clinical findings regarding overall PTSD symptoms and cluster symptoms. Results: Fourteen studies were included, 3 in a comorbid PTSD and cannabis use disorder (CUD) sample and 11 in a non-CUD sample. Of the 10 studies examining overall PTSD symptoms in a non-CUD sample, 5 suggested benefits associated with cannabis use and 5 suggested no effect or worsening of symptoms. Four studies reported benefits of cannabis for cluster B- and E-related symptoms in a non-CUD sample. All 3 studies in cannabis-using patients with a comorbid PTSD and CUD diagnosis reported risks for worsening of overall symptoms. Conclusions: This review did not find major benefits of cannabinoids in improving overall PTSD symptoms. Some benefits with regard to cluster B and E symptoms were observed. Some risks with regard to worsening suicidal ideation and violent behavior were also reported. Individuals with a comorbid CUD diagnosis may be at greater risk for negative cannabis-related PTSD outcomes. More experimental studies are needed to determine the causal effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyne D Rodas
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addiction Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addiction Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed N Hassan
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addiction Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding Author: Ahmed N. Hassan, MD, FRCPC, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4
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12
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Johnstone S, Sorkhou M, Zhang M, Dermody SS, Rabin RA, George TP. Cannabis cravings predict cigarette use in schizophrenia: a secondary analysis from two cannabis abstinence studies. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2024; 50:95-105. [PMID: 38214479 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2292010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
CLINICAL TRIAL NAME Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Cannabis Use and Cognitive Outcomes in SchizophreniaURL: www.clinicaltrials.gov; Registration Number: NCT03189810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnstone
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Sorkhou
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Zhang
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah S Dermody
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel A Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Tang VM, Zawertailo L, Selby P, Zangen A, Mehta D, George TP, Le Foll B, Gicas KM, Sloan ME, Veldhuizen S. Identifying clinical predictors of response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for smoking cessation: Secondary analysis of a multicenter RCT. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:137-139. [PMID: 38309649 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Tang
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Laurie Zawertailo
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Selby
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dhvani Mehta
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychology, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew E Sloan
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Veldhuizen
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Bahji A, Danilewitz M, George TP, Dhaliwal A, Crockford DN. Evidence base to support using prescribed psychostimulants to treat psychostimulant use disorder is limited. CMAJ 2023; 195:E1354. [PMID: 37816523 PMCID: PMC10610955 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.149222-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anees Bahji
- Clinical assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Marlon Danilewitz
- Associate conference chair, Canadian Psychiatric Association, Ottawa, Ont.; assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; associate medical director, General Psychiatry, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, Ont
| | - Tony P George
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Arash Dhaliwal
- Assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ont
| | - David N Crockford
- Clinical professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
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15
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Boachie N, Gaudette E, Bazinet RP, Lin L, Tyndale RF, Mansouri E, Huestis MA, Tong J, Le Foll B, Kish SJ, George TP, Boileau I. Circulating Endocannabinoids and N-Acylethanolamines in Individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder-Preliminary Findings. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1375. [PMID: 37891745 PMCID: PMC10605789 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are bioactive lipids with important physiological functions and putative roles in mental health and addictions. Although chronic cannabis use is associated with endocannabinoid system changes, the status of circulating endocannabinoids and related NAEs in people with cannabis use disorder (CUD) is uncertain. METHODS Eleven individuals with CUD and 54 healthy non-cannabis using control participants (HC) provided plasma for measurement by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of endocannabinoids (2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA)) and related NAE fatty acids (N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA) and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA)). Participants were genotyped for the functional gene variant of FAAH (rs324420, C385A) which may affect concentrations of AEA as well as other NAEs (OEA, DHEA). RESULTS In overnight abstinent CUD, AEA, OEA and DHEA concentrations were significantly higher (31-40%; p < 0.05) and concentrations of the endocannabinoid 2-AG were marginally elevated (55%, p = 0.13) relative to HC. There were no significant correlations between endocannabinoids/NAE concentrations and cannabis analytes, self-reported cannabis use frequency or withdrawal symptoms. DHEA concentration was inversely related with marijuana craving (r = -0.86; p = 0.001). Genotype had no significant effect on plasma endocannabinoids/NAE concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings, requiring replication, might suggest that activity of the endocannabinoid system is elevated in chronic cannabis users. It is unclear whether this elevation is a compensatory response or a predating state. Studies examining endocannabinoids and NAEs during prolonged abstinence as well as the potential role of DHEA in craving are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boachie
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Erin Gaudette
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Richard P. Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rachel F. Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Esmaeil Mansouri
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Severna Park, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | - Junchao Tong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Addictions Division and Institute of Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON L9M 1G3, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Addictions Division and Institute of Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada; (N.B.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Addictions Division and Institute of Mental Health Policy and Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON N6B 1Y6, Canada
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16
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Yeap ZJS, Marsault J, George TP, Mizrahi R, Rabin RA. Does tobacco dependence worsen cannabis withdrawal in people with and without schizophrenia-spectrum disorders? Am J Addict 2023; 32:367-375. [PMID: 36815595 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rates of cannabis use disorder (CUD) are higher in people with schizophrenia than in the general population. Irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis, tobacco co-use is prevalent in those with CUD and leads to poor cannabis cessation outcomes. The cannabis withdrawal syndrome is well-established and increases cannabis relapse risk. We investigated whether cannabis withdrawal severity differed as a function of high versus no/low tobacco dependence and psychiatric diagnosis in individuals with CUD. METHOD Men with CUD (N = 55) were parsed into four groups according to schizophrenia diagnosis and tobacco dependence severity using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND): men with schizophrenia with high tobacco dependence (SCT+, n = 13; FTND ≥ 5) and no/low tobacco dependence (SCT-, n = 22; FTND ≤ 4), and nonpsychiatric controls with high (CCT+, n = 7; FTND ≥ 5) and no/low (CCT-, n = 13; FTND ≤ 4) tobacco dependence. Participants completed the Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist following 12-h of cannabis abstinence. RESULTS There was a significant main effect of tobacco dependence on cannabis withdrawal severity (p < .001). Individuals with high tobacco dependence had significantly greater cannabis withdrawal severity (M = 13.85 [6.8]) compared to individuals with no/low tobacco dependence (M = 6.49, [4.9]). Psychiatric diagnosis and the interaction effects were not significant. Lastly, cannabis withdrawal severity positively correlated with FTND (r = .41, p = .002). CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Among individuals with CUD and high tobacco dependence, cannabis withdrawal severity was elevated twofold, irrespective of diagnosis, relative to individuals with CUD and no/low tobacco dependence. Findings from this study emphasize the importance of addressing tobacco co-use when treating CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zac J S Yeap
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Justine Marsault
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Complex Interventions and Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel A Rabin
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Xiao KB, Grennell E, Ngoy A, George TP, Le Foll B, Hendershot CS, Sloan ME. Cannabis self-administration in the human laboratory: a scoping review of ad libitum studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00213-023-06360-4. [PMID: 37157001 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis self-administration studies may be helpful for identifying factors that influence cannabis consumption and subjective response to cannabis. Additionally, these paradigms could be useful for testing novel pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder. This scoping review aims to summarize the findings from existing ad libitum cannabis self-administration studies to determine what has been learned from these studies as well as their limitations. We examined studies that specifically examined cannabis smoking, focusing on subjective response and self-administration behavior (e.g., smoking topography). A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Embase from inception to October 22, 2022. Our search strategy identified 26 studies (total N = 662, 79% male) that met our eligibility criteria. We found that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration significantly affected subjective response to cannabis in some but not all studies. In general, cannabis self-administration tended to be most intense at the beginning of the laboratory session and decreased in later parts of the session. There was limited data on cannabis self-administration in adults older than 55. Data on external validity and test-retest reliability were also limited. Addressing these limitations in future ad libitum cannabis self-administration studies could lead to more valid and generalizable paradigms, which in turn could be used to improve our understanding of cannabis use patterns and to help guide medication development for cannabis use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Bin Xiao
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin Grennell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Ngoy
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Biobehavioural Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Laboratory (BACDRL), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian S Hendershot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew E Sloan
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Garson E, Castle DJ, George TP. Substance-Induced Psychosis: a Narrative Review. Curr Addict Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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19
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Tardelli VS, Johnstone S, Xu B, Kim S, K. Kim H, Gratzer D, George TP, Le Foll B, Castle DJ. Marked Increase in Amphetamine-Related Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Admissions in Toronto, Canada, 2014-2021. Can J Psychiatry 2023; 68:249-256. [PMID: 36809914 PMCID: PMC10037744 DOI: 10.1177/07067437221125302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report emergency department and inpatient amphetamine-related trends focusing on co-occurring substance use and psychiatric diagnoses at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the largest mental health teaching hospital in Canada. METHODS We describe yearly trends in amphetamine-related Centre for Addiction and Mental Health emergency department visits and inpatient admissions out of all emergency department visits and inpatient admissions between 2014 and 2021, along with proportions of concurrent substance-related admissions and mental/psychotic disorders emergency department visits and inpatient admissions among amphetamine-related contacts; joinpoint regression analyses assessed changes in amphetamine-related emergency department visits and inpatient admissions. RESULTS Amphetamine-related emergency department visits rose from 1.5% in 2014 to 8.3% in 2021, with a peak of 9.9% in 2020. Amphetamine-related inpatient admissions rose from 2.0% to 8.8% in 2021, with a peak of 8.9% in 2020. Significant increasing trends in the percentage of amphetamine-related emergency department visits happened especially between the second and the fourth quarter of 2014 (quarterly percent change = + 71.4, P <0.01). Similarly, the percentage of amphetamine-related inpatient admissions increased mostly between the second quarter of 2014 and the third quarter of 2015 (quarterly percent change = + 32.6, P <0.01). The proportion of concurrent opioid-related contacts among amphetamine-related emergency department visits and inpatient admission increased markedly between 2014 and 2021; psychotic disorders in amphetamine-related inpatient admissions more than doubled from 2015 to 2021. DISCUSSION Prevalence of amphetamine use, mostly from methamphetamine, has been increasing in Toronto as have co-occurring psychiatric disorders and opioid use. Our findings highlight the need for increases in accessible efficacious treatments for complex populations with polysubstance use and co-occurring disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor S. Tardelli
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Canada
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samantha Johnstone
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bin Xu
- CAMH Reporting and Analytics/Performance Improvement, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health
Care, Penetanguishene, Canada
- Psychiatry and Behavioural
Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Helena K. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
| | - David Gratzer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health
Care, Penetanguishene, Canada
| | - David J. Castle
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
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20
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Ledwos N, Andreiev AI, Costa T, Chopra N, George TP. Successful treatment of dextromethorphan use disorder with combined naltrexone and gabapentin: a case report. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2023; 49:266-267. [PMID: 36920953 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2175323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ledwos
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aurelia I Andreiev
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tianna Costa
- Pharmacy Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nitin Chopra
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Bahji A, Dhaliwal A, Sachdev A, Danilewitz M, Lamba W, George TP, Chopra N, Crockford D. The Rising Tide of Stimulant-Related Morbidity and Mortality Warrants Evidence-Based Treatment. Can J Psychiatry 2023; 68:208-209. [PMID: 36113454 PMCID: PMC9974650 DOI: 10.1177/07067437221125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anees Bahji
- Department of Psychiatry, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,558158British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arash Dhaliwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, 6221Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Arushi Sachdev
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Marlon Danilewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,25487Ontario Shores Center for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada
| | - Wiplove Lamba
- Department of Psychiatry, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,25487Ontario Shores Center for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Department of Psychiatry, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nitin Chopra
- Department of Psychiatry, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Crockford
- Department of Psychiatry, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Cuperfain AB, Katznelson G, Costa T, Wong P, Beyraghi N, George TP, Lofwall MR, Chopra N. Factors to guide the use of extended-release buprenorphine formulations for specific patient populations. Journal of Substance Use 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2023.2174908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ari B. Cuperfain
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gali Katznelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianna Costa
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Wong
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Narges Beyraghi
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle R. Lofwall
- Departments of Behavioral Science and Psychiatry, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nitin Chopra
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Hupalo S, Jordan CJ, Bowen T, Mahar J, Yepez E, Kunath L, Timm S, Martinowich K, Carlezon WA, Monteggia LM, George TP. NPP's approach toward improving rigor and transparency in clinical trials research. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:429-431. [PMID: 36038779 PMCID: PMC9852433 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Hupalo
- Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chloe J Jordan
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Terri Bowen
- Origin Editorial, Cincinnati, OH, 45039, USA
| | - Jennifer Mahar
- Origin Editorial and Editorial Evolution, Pembroke, MA, 02359, USA
| | | | - Lori Kunath
- American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Brentwood, TN, 37027, USA
| | - Sarah Timm
- American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Brentwood, TN, 37027, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - William A Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Tony P George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M6J1H4, Canada.
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24
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Johnstone S, Dela Cruz GA, Kalb N, Tyagi SV, Potenza MN, George TP, Castle DJ. A systematic review of gender-responsive and integrated substance use disorder treatment programs for women with co-occurring disorders. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2023; 49:21-42. [PMID: 36283062 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2130348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Integrated and gender-responsive interventions, designed to target co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders in women, may be effective in addressing gender-specific challenges.Objectives: This systematic review aims to identify integrated gender-responsive substance use disorder treatments for women, summarize evaluations of these treatments, and address gaps in the literature.Methods: We searched PsycINFO, PubMed, and MEDLINE on September 24, 2021, and March 10, 2022. Included articles were randomized-controlled trials, secondary analyses of naturalistic studies, or open-label studies of integrated and gender-responsive treatments from any year that assessed both substance use and mental health/trauma outcomes.Results: We identified N = 24 studies (participants = 3,396; 100% women) examining Seeking Safety, Helping Women Recover and Beyond Trauma, A Woman's Path to Recovery, Modified Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM), Breaking the Cycle, VOICES, Understanding and Overcoming Substance Misuse, Women's Recovery Group, Female Specific Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Moment by Moment in Women's Recovery. Across treatments there were significant improvements over time; Seeking Safety, Helping Women Recover, and TREM were associated with significantly better substance use and mental health outcomes relative to the comparison groups.Conclusions: Integrated gender-responsive treatments are a promising approach to treating women with co-occurring substance use and mental health concerns, and broad clinical implementation stands to benefit women. However, there remains a lack of studies evaluating substance use treatments in women with severe mental illness (e.g., psychotic-spectrum disorders) who differ in their needs and capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnstone
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gil Angela Dela Cruz
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Kalb
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Smita Vir Tyagi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Forensic Consultation and Assessment Team, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Study Centre, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Women's Health Research, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Castle
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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George TP, Monteggia LM. The times they are a-changin': new co-principal editors at NPP. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:259-260. [PMID: 36243770 PMCID: PMC9751264 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony P George
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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Rodas JD, Sorkhou M, George TP. Contingency Management for Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder in Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010036. [PMID: 36672017 PMCID: PMC9855987 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst individuals with a mental health disorder, a comorbid diagnosis of cannabis use disorder (CUD) is associated with numerous adverse consequences, including more severe symptom profiles, poorer treatment response, and reduced psychosocial functioning. Contingency management (CM), a method to specifically reinforce target behavior attainment (e.g., substance use abstinence), may provide an effective intervention in treating cannabis use in patients with a dual diagnosis of CUD and a mental health disorder. A systematic search examining the effects of CM on cannabis use, clinical, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes in patients with a mental health disorder on PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases up to November 2022 was performed. Six studies met inclusion criteria for our review. We found CM to be efficacious in producing cannabis use reductions and abstinence amongst individuals with a psychotic-spectrum or major depressive disorder. Additional longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes, other psychiatric populations, and longer follow-up periods are needed to evaluate the sustained effects of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyne D. Rodas
- Centre for Complex Interventions and Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maryam Sorkhou
- Centre for Complex Interventions and Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Centre for Complex Interventions and Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(416)-535-8501 (ext. 32662)
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27
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D'Souza DC, DiForti M, Ganesh S, George TP, Hall W, Hjorthøj C, Howes O, Keshavan M, Murray RM, Nguyen TB, Pearlson GD, Ranganathan M, Selloni A, Solowij N, Spinazzola E. Consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on cannabis, cannabinoids and psychosis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:719-742. [PMID: 35315315 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2038797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The liberalisation of cannabis laws, the increasing availability and potency of cannabis has renewed concern about the risk of psychosis with cannabis. METHODS The objective of the WFSBP task force was to review the literature about this relationship. RESULTS Converging lines of evidence suggest that exposure to cannabis increases the risk for psychoses ranging from transient psychotic states to chronic recurrent psychosis. The greater the dose, and the earlier the age of exposure, the greater the risk. For some psychosis outcomes, the evidence supports some of the criteria of causality. However, alternate explanations including reverse causality and confounders cannot be conclusively excluded. Furthermore, cannabis is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause psychosis. More likely it is one of the multiple causal components. In those with established psychosis, cannabis has a negative impact on the course and expression of the illness. Emerging evidence also suggests alterations in the endocannabinoid system in psychotic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Given that exposure to cannabis and cannabinoids is modifiable, delaying or eliminating exposure to cannabis or cannabinoids, could potentially impact the rates of psychosis related to cannabis, especially in those who are at high risk for developing the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marta DiForti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Suhas Ganesh
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wayne Hall
- The National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Institute for Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy B Nguyen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,Institute for Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Ctr. Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alex Selloni
- Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Edoardo Spinazzola
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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28
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Bidzinski KK, Lowe DJE, Sanches M, Sorkhou M, Boileau I, Kiang M, Blumberger DM, Remington G, Ma C, Castle DJ, Rabin RA, George TP. Investigating repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cannabis use and cognition in people with schizophrenia. Schizophr 2022; 8:2. [PMID: 35210458 PMCID: PMC8873399 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCannabis use disorder (CUD) occurs at high rates in schizophrenia, which negatively impacts its clinical prognosis. These patients have greater difficulty quitting cannabis which may reflect putative deficits in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a potential target for treatment development. We examined the effects of active versus sham high-frequency (20-Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cannabis use in outpatients with schizophrenia and CUD. Secondary outcomes included cannabis craving/withdrawal, psychiatric symptoms, cognition and tobacco use. Twenty-four outpatients with schizophrenia and CUD were enrolled in a preliminary double-blind, sham-controlled randomized trial. Nineteen participants were randomized to receive active (n = 9) or sham (n = 10) rTMS (20-Hz) applied bilaterally to the DLPFC 5x/week for 4 weeks. Cannabis use was monitored twice weekly. A cognitive battery was administered pre- and post-treatment. rTMS was safe and well-tolerated with high treatment retention (~90%). Contrast estimates suggested greater reduction in self-reported cannabis use (measured in grams/day) in the active versus sham group (Estimate = 0.33, p = 0.21; Cohen’s d = 0.72), suggesting a clinically relevant effect of rTMS. A trend toward greater reduction in craving (Estimate = 3.92, p = 0.06), and significant reductions in PANSS positive (Estimate = 2.42, p = 0.02) and total (Estimate = 5.03, p = 0.02) symptom scores were found in the active versus sham group. Active rTMS also improved attention (Estimate = 6.58, p < 0.05), and suppressed increased tobacco use that was associated with cannabis reductions (Treatment x Time: p = 0.01). Our preliminary findings suggest that rTMS to the DLPFC is safe and potentially efficacious for treating CUD in schizophrenia.
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29
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Johnstone S, Lowe DJE, Kozak-Bidzinski K, Sanches M, Castle DJ, Rabin JS, Rabin RA, George TP. Neurocognitive moderation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) effects on cannabis use in schizophrenia: a preliminary analysis. Schizophr 2022; 8:99. [PMCID: PMC9668838 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising treatment for cannabis use disorder in schizophrenia; however, gaps in the literature remain as to the potential role of neurocognitive functioning in treatment response. We evaluated the moderating role of select cognitive functions including baseline executive functioning, verbal memory, and sustained attention, and we explore the mediating role of changes in task performance on changes in cannabis use in both active and sham rTMS groups. Participants underwent high-frequency (20 Hz) rTMS applied to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 5x/week for 4 weeks. Weekly self-report of cannabis use and semi-quantitative urinary carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol levels were recorded. A neurocognitive battery assessing verbal memory, visuospatial working memory, verbal working memory, sustained attention, delayed discounting, and complex planning was administered pre- and post-treatment. Better baseline performance on tasks assessing sustained attention, delayed discounting, and complex planning moderated the extent to which participants in the active group reduced cannabis use. There were no significant indirect pathways between treatment, changes in neuropsychological performance, and changes in cannabis use; however, active rTMS improved complex planning and sustained attention. These preliminary findings suggest that there is a moderating role of sustained attention, delayed discounting, and complex planning on the effects of rTMS on cannabis use. Further, mediation models suggest rTMS may exert direct effects on cannabis use independent of its effects on cognitive functioning in people with SCZ. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03189810.
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30
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Sorkhou M, Johnstone S, Kivlichan AE, Castle DJ, George TP. Does cannabis use predict aggressive or violent behavior in psychiatric populations? A systematic review. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2022; 48:631-643. [PMID: 36137273 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2118060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite an increase in information evaluating the therapeutic and adverse effects of cannabinoids, many potentially important clinical correlates, including violence or aggression, have not been adequately investigated.Objectives: In this systematic review, we examine the published evidence for the relationship between cannabis and aggression or violence in individuals with psychiatric disorders.Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, articles in English were searched on PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO from database inception to January 2022. Data for aggression and violence in people with psychiatric diagnoses were identified during the searches.Results: Of 391 papers identified within the initial search, 15 studies met inclusion criteria. Cross-sectional associations between cannabis use and aggression or violence in samples with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were found. Moreover, a longitudinal association between cannabis use and violence and aggression was observed in psychotic-spectrum disorders. However, the presence of uncontrolled confounding factors in the majority of included studies precludes any causal conclusions.Conclusion: Although cannabis use is associated with aggression or violence in individuals with PTSD or psychotic-spectrum disorders, causal conclusions cannot be drawn due to methodological limitations observed in the current literature. Well-controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to ascertain whether cannabis plays a causal role on subsequent violence or aggression in mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sorkhou
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) and Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samantha Johnstone
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - David J Castle
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) and Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) and Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Tonkin SS, Colder C, Mahoney MC, Swan GE, Cinciripini P, Schnoll R, George TP, Tyndale RF, Hawk LW. Evaluating Treatment Mechanisms of Varenicline: Mediation by Affect and Craving. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1803-1810. [PMID: 35639828 PMCID: PMC9596996 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Negative reinforcement models posit that relapse to cigarette smoking is driven in part by changes in affect and craving during the quit attempt. Varenicline may aid cessation by attenuating these changes; however, this mediational pathway has not been formally evaluated in placebo-controlled trials. Thus, trajectories of negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA), and craving were tested as mediators of the effect of varenicline on smoking cessation. AIMS AND METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted on 828 adults assigned to either varenicline or placebo in a randomized controlled trial for smoking cessation (NCT01314001). Self-reported NA, PA, and craving were assessed 1-week pre-quit, on the target quit day (TQD), and 1 and 4 weeks post-TQD. RESULTS Across time, NA peaked 1-week post-quit, PA did not change, and craving declined. Less steep rises in NA (indirect effect 95% CI: .01 to .30) and lower mean craving at 1-week post-quit (CI: .06 to .50) were mediators of the relationship between varenicline and higher cessation rates at the end of treatment. PA was associated with cessation but was not a significant mediator. CONCLUSIONS These results partially support the hypothesis that varenicline improves smoking cessation rates by attenuating changes in specific psychological processes and supported NA and craving as plausible treatment mechanisms of varenicline. IMPLICATIONS The present research provides the first evidence from a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial that varenicline's efficacy is due, in part, to post-quit attenuation of NA and craving. Reducing NA across the quit attempt and craving early into the attempt may be important treatment mechanisms for effective interventions. Furthermore, post-quit NA, PA, and craving were all associated with relapse and represent treatment targets for future intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Tonkin
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig Colder
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Martin C Mahoney
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gary E Swan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Schnoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tony P George
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Larry W Hawk
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Wickens CM, Mann RE, Brands B, Stoduto G, Matheson J, Sayer G, Burston J, Pan JF, Di Ciano P, George TP, Rehm J, Kenney C, Soule D, Huestis MA, Le Foll B. Influence of personality on acute smoked cannabis effects on simulated driving. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:547-559. [PMID: 34291988 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A recent study of the impact of smoked cannabis on simulated driver behavior demonstrated a reduction in mean speed after smoked cannabis. Previous research identified an association between personality and individual differences and acute drug effects. The present study examined the impact of personality on the reduction in mean speed after smoking cannabis under single- and dual-task driving conditions originally reported by Brands et al. (2019). Sixty-one participants randomly assigned to the active drug condition completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring various personality constructs and subsequently operated a driving simulator before and 30 min after smoking a 12.5% Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cigarette. Linear regression modeling tested the influence of self-reported driving errors, lapses, and violations, driver vengeance, psychological distress, impulsivity, and sensation seeking on the reduction in speed after smoking cannabis. After adjusting for the influence of sex, blood THC concentration, and predrug mean speed, impulsivity was a significant predictor of change in speed under both single- (β = -.45, t = -3.94, p < .001) and dual- (β = -.35, t = -2.74, p = .008) task driving conditions after cannabis. Higher trait impulsivity was significantly associated with greater reductions in driving speed after cannabis use, which may reflect greater sensitivity to drug effects and a stronger compensatory response. Further multidisciplinary study, including neurochemical, genetic, and psychological components, would be beneficial in helping to better understand how impulsivity and other personality or individual differences may impact the effects of cannabis on driver behavior and performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sorkhou M, Rabin RA, Rabin JS, Kloiber S, McIntyre RS, George TP. Effects of 28 days of cannabis abstinence on cognition in major depressive disorder: A pilot study. Am J Addict 2022; 31:454-462. [PMID: 35690891 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cannabis is a widely used substance that may impair select cognitive domains, including attention and memory. Problematic cannabis use is a common clinical problem among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Few studies have investigated the effects of cannabis abstinence on cognition in MDD. Thus, our study aimed to determine whether a 28-day period of cannabis abstinence is associated with improvements in cognition in patients with MDD and comorbid cannabis use disorder (CUD). METHODS We evaluated the effects of 28 days of cannabis abstinence on cognition in MDD patients with comorbid CUD facilitated by contingency management, motivational interviewing, psychoeducation, and coping-skills training (N = 11). Primary outcomes included Baseline to Day 28 changes in verbal memory and learning, while secondary outcomes included Baseline to Day 28 changes in working memory, visuospatial working memory (VSWM), visual search speed, mental flexibility, response inhibition, attention, manual dexterity, and fine motor movement. RESULTS Eight participants (72.7%) met the pre-specified criteria for cannabis abstinence and three participants significantly reduced their cannabis use (≥90%). Visual search speed, selective attention, and VSWM improved over the study period. These improvements were not associated with changes in cannabis metabolite levels from baseline to endpoint. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that 28 days of cannabis abstinence may improve select cognitive domains in patients with MDD and comorbid CUD. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study to longitudinally examine the effects of cannabis on cognition in MDD. CLINICAL TRIAL Effects of Cannabis Abstinence on Symptoms and Cognition in Depression (NCT03624933; https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sorkhou
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel A Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Adult Psychiatry and Health Systems Division, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Addictions Divisions, Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sorkhou M, Stogios N, Sayrafizadeh N, Hahn MK, Agarwal SM, George TP. Non-invasive neuromodulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to reduce craving in alcohol use disorder: A meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2022; 4:100076. [PMID: 36846579 PMCID: PMC9948891 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction While several pharmacological and behavioral treatments are available for alcohol use disorder (AUD), they may not be effective for all patients. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rTMS and tDCS for craving in AUD. Methods EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases were searched for original, peer-reviewed research articles in the English language published between January 2000 and January 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting changes in alcohol craving among patients with AUD were selected. Random-effects meta-analysis was employed to pool data. Results Changes in alcohol craving were extracted from 15 RCTs. Six studies assessed the efficacy of rTMS while nine studies examined tDCS. Results demonstrated that in comparison to sham stimulation, active rTMS to the DLPFC yields small but significant reductions in alcohol craving (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.27, p = .03). However, DLPFC stimulation via tDCS was not superior to sham stimulation in producing changes in alcohol craving (SMD = -0.08, p = .59). Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggests that rTMS may be superior to tDCS in reducing alcohol craving in patients with AUD. However, additional research is needed to identify optimal stimulation parameters for both non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sorkhou
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Canada,Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada,Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Nicolette Stogios
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Canada,Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Negar Sayrafizadeh
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Canada,Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada,Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Margaret K. Hahn
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada,Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada,Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada,Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada,Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), University of Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada,Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada,Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada,Corresponding author at: Addictions Division; Schizophrenia Division, University of Toronto Clinician-Scientist, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 60 White Squirrel Way, Room 312, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada
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Johnstone S, Sorkhou M, Castle DJ, George TP. To Incarcerate or Not to Incarcerate: Is That the Right Question for Drug Addiction? Can J Psychiatry 2022; 67:499-500. [PMID: 34846186 PMCID: PMC9152243 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211063093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnstone
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Sorkhou
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Castle
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Johnstone S, Sorkhou M, Rabin RA, George TP. Dose-dependent effects of Varenicline on tobacco craving and withdrawal in tobacco smokers with and without schizophrenia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 234:109412. [PMID: 35395548 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia (SCZ) have significantly higher tobacco smoking rates and lower quit rates than the general population. Varenicline, a partial agonist at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is an effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, however, investigation into its effects in SCZ are less well-studied and mechanisms may differ from non-psychiatric controls due to dysregulation in nAChR neurotransmission associated with SCZ. Here, we investigate whether Varenicline attenuates acute abstinence-induced increases in craving and withdrawal in participants with and without SCZ. METHODS Following biochemically-verified overnight abstinence and subsequent smoking reinstatement, individuals with nicotine-dependence (n = 13 SCZ or schizoaffective; n = 12 controls) were assessed on the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) and Tiffany Questionnaire for Smoking Urges (TQSU). Participants were pretreated in a double-blind, counterbalanced manner with Varenicline (0, 1 or 2 mg/day x 3 days) over three separate weeks. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects modelling and estimated marginal means. RESULTS Robust effects of smoking abstinence were observed on TQSU and MNWS scores in SCZ and control participants. Relative to 1 mg, 2 mg/day of Varenicline attenuated abstinence-induced increases in craving (TQSU Factor 1 d=-0.47, p = .006; TQSU Factor 2 d=-0.42, p = .008) and withdrawal (MNWS d=-0.35, p = .03) in both groups. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings suggest that subacute Varenicline treatment reduces abstinence-induced craving and withdrawal in participants with and without SCZ. The efficacy of Varenicline on tobacco withdrawal and craving requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnstone
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada.
| | - Maryam Sorkhou
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Rachel A Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital and Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 , Canada.
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division and Centre for Complex Interventions (CCI), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
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Fares A, Wickens CM, Mann RE, Di Ciano P, Wright M, Matheson J, Hasan OSM, Rehm J, George TP, Samokhvalov AV, Shuper PA, Huestis MA, Stoduto G, Brown T, Stefan C, Rubin-Kahana DS, Le Foll B, Brands B. Combined effect of alcohol and cannabis on simulated driving. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1263-1277. [PMID: 33544195 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE With alcohol and cannabis remaining the most commonly detected drugs in seriously and fatally injured drivers, there is a need to understand their combined effects on driving. OBJECTIVES The present study examined the effects of combinations of smoked cannabis (12.5% THC) and alcohol (target BrAC 0.08%) on simulated driving performance, subjective drug effects, cardiovascular measures, and self-reported perception of driving ability. METHODS In this within-subjects, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, cannabis users (1-7 days/week) aged 19-29 years attended four drug administration sessions in which simulated driving, subjective effects, cardiovascular measures, and whole blood THC and metabolite concentrations were assessed following placebo alcohol and placebo cannabis (<0.1% THC), alcohol and placebo cannabis, placebo alcohol and active cannabis, and alcohol and active cannabis. RESULTS Standard deviation of lateral position in the combined condition was significantly different from the placebo condition (p < 0.001). Standard deviation of lateral position was also significantly different from alcohol and cannabis alone conditions in the single task overall drive (p = 0.029 and p = 0.032, respectively), from the alcohol alone condition in the dual task overall drive (p = 0.022) and the cannabis alone condition in the dual task straightaway drive (p = 0.002). Compared to the placebo condition, the combined and alcohol conditions significantly increased reaction time. Subjective effects in the combined condition were significantly greater than with either of the drugs alone at some time points, particularly later in the session. A driving ability questionnaire showed that participants seemed unaware of their level of impairment. CONCLUSION Combinations of alcohol and cannabis increased weaving and reaction time, and tended to produce greater subjective effects compared to placebo and the single drug conditions suggesting a potential additive effect. The fact that participants were unaware of this increased effect has important implications for driving safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H7, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Christine M Wickens
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 425 - 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Robert E Mann
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Patricia Di Ciano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H7, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Madison Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H7, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Justin Matheson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H7, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Omer S M Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Jurgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, b. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119992
| | - Tony P George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Biobehavioural Addictions and Concurrent Disorders Research Laboratory, Addictions Division, CAMH, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Suite 1910A, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Andriy V Samokhvalov
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Paul A Shuper
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gina Stoduto
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Timothy Brown
- National Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa, 2401 Oakdale Blvd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Cristiana Stefan
- Clinical Laboratory and Diagnostic Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dafna Sara Rubin-Kahana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H7, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Bruna Brands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H7, Canada. .,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada. .,Controlled Substances and Cannabis Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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George TP, Welsh L, Franchuk SL, Vaccarino FJ. Why Integrating Medications and Psychosocial Interventions is Important to Successfully Address the Opioid Crisis in Canada. Can J Psychiatry 2022; 67:176-178. [PMID: 34424059 PMCID: PMC8935597 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211037625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony P George
- Addictions Division, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario.,Departments of Psychiatry, Family and Community Medicine, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Lauren Welsh
- Addictions Division, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario.,Family and Community Medicine, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Susan L Franchuk
- Addictions Division, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario.,Departments of Psychiatry, Family and Community Medicine, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Johnstone S, Sorkhou M, Al-Saghir N, Lowe DJE, Steele VR, Pearlson GD, Castle DJ, George TP. Neuromodulation to Treat Substance Use Disorders in People With Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:793938. [PMID: 35237187 PMCID: PMC8882683 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a common yet poorly studied comorbidity in individuals with psychotic disorders. The co-occurrence of the two complicates recovery and interferes with pharmacological and behavioral treatment response and adherence. Recently, researchers have been exploring both invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques as potential treatment methods for SUDs. We review the evidence that neuromodulation may reduce substance craving and consumption in individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases was conducted (N = 1,432). Of these, we identified seven studies examining the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and two studies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on drug consumption and craving in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. RESULTS Despite the limited number of studies in this area, the evidence suggests that rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may reduce cannabis and tobacco use in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Findings with tDCS, however, were inconclusive. DISCUSSION Our systematic review suggests that rTMS applied to DLPFC is a safe and promising therapeutic technique for the management of comorbid schizophrenia and SUDs, with the majority of the evidence in tobacco use disorder. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in study methods, underscoring the need to optimize stimulation parameters (e.g., frequency, duration, and target regions). Larger clinical trials are needed to establish the efficacy of rTMS in reducing drug consumption and craving in psychotic patients, ideally in comparison to existing pharmacological and behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnstone
- Addictions Division, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Sorkhou
- Addictions Division, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nada Al-Saghir
- Addictions Division, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darby J E Lowe
- Addictions Division, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Olin Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David J Castle
- Addictions Division, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kozak K, Smith PH, Lowe DJ, Weinberger AH, Cooper ZD, Rabin RA, George TP. A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in cannabis use disorder amongst people with comorbid mental illness. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2021; 47:535-547. [PMID: 34280058 PMCID: PMC9144491 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1946071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While males are more likely diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD), females are more susceptible to developing and maintaining CUD. Yet, for both sexes, CUD is associated with high rates of comorbid mental illness (MI). OBJECTIVES To identify and compare sex differences in the prevalence of comorbid CUD amongst individuals with/without MIs. METHODS This systematic review generated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from 37 studies (including clinical trials, cohort, and case-control studies) among individuals with and without MIs, quantifying sex differences in rates of comorbid CUD. A meta-analysis was also completed. RESULTS In the CUD-only group, males were twice as likely to have CUD than females (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.9-2.1). Among MIs, males were more likely than females to have CUD comorbid with schizophrenia (OR ~2.6, CI = 2.5-2.7) and other psychotic, mood, and substance use disorders (1> OR <2.2, CI = 0.7-2.6). The reverse association (females > males) was observed for anxiety disorders and antisocial personality disorder (OR = 0.8, CI = 0.7-1.0). Among females, MIs increased the likelihood of having CUD, except for psychotic disorders and depression. A meta-analysis was inconclusive due to high heterogeneity across studies. Thus, comparisons across MI groups were not possible. CONCLUSION While males are more likely to be diagnosed with CUD, there are important sex differences in the prevalence of CUD across MI diagnoses that should be taken into account when approaching CUD prevention and determining treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kozak
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip H. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Darby J.E Lowe
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ziva D Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel A. Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and the Douglas Mental Health Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Wright M, Wickens CM, Di Ciano P, Sproule B, Fares A, Matheson J, Mann RE, Rehm J, Shuper PA, George TP, Huestis MA, Stoduto G, Le Foll B, Brands B. Sex differences in the acute pharmacological and subjective effects of smoked cannabis combined with alcohol in young adults. Psychol Addict Behav 2021; 35:536-552. [PMID: 34081489 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The prevalence of co-use of alcohol and cannabis is increasing, particularly among young adults. Sex differences in the effects of alcohol alone and cannabis alone have been observed in animals and humans. However, sex differences in the acute pharmacological effects of cannabis combined with alcohol have not yet been studied. In young adults, aged 19-29 years, we aimed to examine sex differences following an intoxicating dose of alcohol (target 0.08% breath alcohol content) combined with a moderate dose of cannabis (12.5% Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol; THC) using an ad libitum smoking procedure. Method: Using a within-subjects design, 28 regular cannabis users (16 males; 12 females) received in random order: (a) placebo alcohol and placebo cannabis, (b) active alcohol and placebo cannabis, (c) placebo alcohol and active cannabis, and (d) active alcohol and active cannabis. Blood samples for THC were collected and measures of vital signs, subjective drug effects, and cognition were collected. Results: In the alcohol-cannabis combined condition, females smoked significantly less of the cannabis cigarette compared to males (p < .001), although both sexes smoked similar amounts in the other conditions. There was minimal evidence that females and males differed in THC blood concentrations, vitals, subjective effects, or cognitive measures. Conclusions: In the alcohol-cannabis combined condition, females experienced the same acute pharmacological and subjective effects of alcohol and cannabis as males, after smoking less cannabis, which has potential implications for informing education and policy. Further research is warranted on sex differences in cannabis pharmacology, as well as the combined effects of alcohol and cannabis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beth Sproule
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation
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42
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Buchwald J, Chenoweth MJ, Palviainen T, Zhu G, Benner C, Gordon S, Korhonen T, Ripatti S, Madden PAF, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Salomaa V, Rose RJ, George TP, Lerman C, Pirinen M, Martin NG, Kaprio J, Loukola A, Tyndale RF. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of nicotine metabolism and cigarette consumption measures in smokers of European descent. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2212-2223. [PMID: 32157176 PMCID: PMC7483250 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Smoking behaviors, including amount smoked, smoking cessation, and tobacco-related diseases, are altered by the rate of nicotine clearance. Nicotine clearance can be estimated using the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) (ratio of 3'hydroxycotinine/cotinine), but only in current smokers. Advancing the genomics of this highly heritable biomarker of CYP2A6, the main metabolic enzyme for nicotine, will also enable investigation of never and former smokers. We performed the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) to date of the NMR in European ancestry current smokers (n = 5185), found 1255 genome-wide significant variants, and replicated the chromosome 19 locus. Fine-mapping of chromosome 19 revealed 13 putatively causal variants, with nine of these being highly putatively causal and mapping to CYP2A6, MAP3K10, ADCK4, and CYP2B6. We also identified a putatively causal variant on chromosome 4 mapping to TMPRSS11E and demonstrated an association between TMPRSS11E variation and a UGT2B17 activity phenotype. Together the 14 putatively causal SNPs explained ~38% of NMR variation, a substantial increase from the ~20 to 30% previously explained. Our additional GWASs of nicotine intake biomarkers showed that cotinine and smoking intensity (cotinine/cigarettes per day (CPD)) shared chromosome 19 and chromosome 4 loci with the NMR, and that cotinine and a more accurate biomarker, cotinine + 3'hydroxycotinine, shared a chromosome 15 locus near CHRNA5 with CPD and Pack-Years (i.e., cumulative exposure). Understanding the genetic factors influencing smoking-related traits facilitates epidemiological studies of smoking and disease, as well as assists in optimizing smoking cessation support, which in turn will reduce the enormous personal and societal costs associated with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Buchwald
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meghan J. Chenoweth
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gu Zhu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Benner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Tony P. George
- Division of Addictions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Caryn Lerman
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center at Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Pathology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rachel F. Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Division of Addictions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Kidd SA, Mutschler C, Lichtenstein S, Yan S, Virdee G, Blair F, Mihalakakos G, McKinney C, Collins A, Guimond T, George TP, Davidson L, Velligan D, Voineskos A. Randomized trial of a brief peer support intervention for individuals with schizophrenia transitioning from hospital to community. Schizophr Res 2021; 231:214-220. [PMID: 33895598 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This phase 2 randomized trial examined the outcomes of a brief, transitional, peer support intervention designed to address the poor outcomes that are common for individuals with schizophrenia spectrum illnesses in the period immediately following hospitalization. In the context of treatment-as-usual, participants were provided with a peer support intervention, 'the Welcome Basket,' in which participants received 1-2 sessions of peer support in the two weeks before discharge and met weekly for a month post-discharge. The study also piloted a brief version of this intervention with only one community session post-discharge with the same pre-discharge process. It was hypothesized that the full intervention would improve community transition outcomes, with community functioning (Multnomah Community Ability Scale) being the primary measure and secondary measures including symptomatology, community integration, personal recovery, quality of life, and social support. The examination of the brief intervention was exploratory. Measures were completed at baseline, 1-month post-discharge, and follow-up at 6 months. A total of 110 participants were randomized to one of three interventions, with outcome data obtained from 82 and follow-up from 74. While feasible, we did not find that the Welcome Basket intervention was superior to treatment as usual for any of our primary or secondary outcome measures. Future work is needed to determine whether a more extended intervention is required and whether specific subgroups of patients may benefit (e.g. those without access to immediate psychiatric care or those better able to engage with a peer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Kidd
- University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry, Canada.
| | | | | | - Sandra Yan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dawn Velligan
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Psychiatry, United States.
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Schnoll R, Paul Wileyto E, Bauer AM, Fox E, Leone F, Lerman C, Tyndale RF, George TP, Hawk L, Cinciripini P, Quinn M, Purnell J, Hatzell J, Hitsman B. Comparing the Rate of Nicotine Metabolism Among Smokers With Current or Past Major Depressive Disorder. Am J Addict 2021; 30:382-388. [PMID: 33772971 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Persons with current or past major depressive disorder (MDD) vs those without have higher smoking rates. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) represents variation in the rate of nicotine metabolism and has been associated with smoking behaviors and response to tobacco treatments. We compared NMR between smokers with current or past MDD (MDD+) vs smokers without MDD (MDD-). We also assessed correlates of NMR and compared withdrawal and craving between MDD+ and MDD- smokers. METHODS Using baseline data from two clinical trials and propensity score weighting based on sex, race, body mass index, and smoking rate, we compared NMR between MDD+ (N = 279) and MDD- (N = 1575) smokers. We also compared groups on and nicotine withdrawal and craving. RESULTS Mean NMR (β = -.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.05 to 0.01, P = .13) and the distribution of smokers across NMR quartiles (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.16, P = .21) were similar between MDD+ and MDD- samples. This relationship was not affected by antidepressant medication. In the MDD+ sample, African Americans had significantly lower mean NMR, while older smokers and smokers with lower education had higher mean NMR (Ps < .05). MDD+ smokers had significantly higher withdrawal and craving than MDD- smokers (Ps < .05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS While variability in NMR may not explain differences in smoking rates between MDD+ and MDD- smokers, MDD+ smokers report increased withdrawal and craving. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE In this first study to assess NMR among MDD+ smokers, the findings underscore the need to address withdrawal and craving within smoking cessation treatments for those with MDD. (Am J Addict 2021;00:00-00).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schnoll
- Department of Psychiatry, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E Paul Wileyto
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna-Marika Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica Fox
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Frank Leone
- Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larry Hawk
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mackenzie Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janelle Purnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Hatzell
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian Hitsman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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45
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Longenecker JM, Bagby RM, McKenzie K, Pollock BG, George TP, Voore P, Quilty LC. Cross-Cutting Symptom Domains Predict Functioning in Psychotic Disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2021; 82. [PMID: 33988932 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.20m13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research shows elevated disability in psychotic disorders. However, co-occurring symptomatology has been increasingly highlighted as predictive of clinical outcomes in the psychotic spectrum. The current study investigates how both psychotic and nonpsychotic symptom domains predict functioning across psychotic disorders. METHODS Outpatients (N = 128) with psychotic spectrum diagnoses participated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Field Trials at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, Canada, in 2011, including the repeated administration of "cross-cutting" brief screening measures that assessed internalizing (eg, anxiety, depression), substance use (eg, alcohol, psychoactive drug use), and psychotic symptoms. Level of functioning was also assessed by self-report and clinician-rated World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHO-DAS-II). The relation between symptom domains and disability was examined concurrently and prospectively via hierarchical regression. RESULTS Psychosis was strongly linked to self-reported disability when considered in isolation (β = 0.22, P < .001; R2 = 0.11). However, when all 3 symptom domains were included in analyses, internalizing symptoms were the strongest concurrent (β = 0.31, P < .001; R2 = 0.17) and prospective (β = 0.29, P < .001; R2 = 0.15) predictor of disability. In the concurrent model, an interaction between internalizing and substance use emerged, wherein high internalizing symptoms were particularly detrimental in persons with high levels of substance use (β = 0.08, P < .05; R2 = 0.014). Results were similar for clinician-rated WHO-DAS-II. CONCLUSIONS This research supports the potential clinical utility of rapid screening tools available in the newest psychiatric diagnostic manual. The internalizing symptom domain was the strongest predictor of functional outcome for outpatients with psychotic disorders. The results highlight the relevance of a broad range of symptoms, including those that fall outside the primary psychiatric concern, in recovery-oriented clinical work in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Longenecker
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Current affiliation: VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Kwame McKenzie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Voore
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Corresponding author: Lena C. Quilty, PhD, 1025 Queen St W, Ste 6405, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H1
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Abstract
Background: Cannabis is known to have a broad range of effects on behavior, including experiencing a "high" and tranquility/relaxation. However, there are several adverse behavioral sequalae that can arise from cannabis use, depending on frequency of use, potency (e.g., THC content), age of onset, and cumulative exposure. This systematic review examined evidence for cannabis-related adverse behavioral sequalae in otherwise healthy human subjects. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies from 1990 to 2020 that identified cannabis-related adverse behavioral outcomes in subjects without psychiatric and medical co-morbidities from PubMed and PsychInfo searches. Key search terms included "cannabis" OR "tetrahydrocannabinol" OR "cannabidiol" OR "marijuana" AND "anxiety" OR "depression" OR "psychosis" OR "schizophrenia" "OR "IQ" OR "memory" OR "attention" OR "impulsivity" OR "cognition" OR "education" OR "occupation". Results: Our search detected a total of 2,870 studies, from which we extracted 124 relevant studies from the literature on cannabis effects in the non-clinical population. Effects of cannabis on several behavioral sequelae including cognition, motivation, impulsivity, mood, anxiety, psychosis intelligence, and psychosocial functioning were identified. The preponderance of the evidence suggests that frequency of cannabis use, THC (but not CBD) content, age of onset, and cumulative cannabis exposure can all contribute to these adverse outcomes in individuals without a pre-existing medical condition or psychiatric disorder. The strongest evidence for the negative effects of cannabis are for psychosis and psychosocial functioning. Conclusions: Although more research is needed to determine risk factors for development of adverse behavioral sequelae of cannabis use, these findings underline the importance of understanding vulnerability to the adverse effects of cannabis, which has implications for prevention and treatment of problematic cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sorkhou
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel H Bedder
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mestre-Bach G, Steward T, Balodis IM, DeVito EE, Yip SW, George TP, Reynolds BA, Granero R, Fernandez-Aranda F, Jimenez-Murcia S, Potenza MN. Discrete Roles for Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Gambling Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:789940. [PMID: 34950074 PMCID: PMC8689001 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.789940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Complex associations between gambling disorder (GD) and impulsivity have been identified. However, little is known regarding how compulsivity associates with different impulsivity domains in GD. In this study, we examined associations between self-reported and behavioral measures of impulsivity-assessed through the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Experiential Discounting Task (EDT), respectively- and compulsivity-measured using the Padua Inventory and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), respectively-, in an adult sample with GD (N = 132, 94 men and 38 women, ages ranging from 18 to 69 years). GD severity was assessed using the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Methods: Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine relationships between impulsivity and compulsivity measures, age, and GD severity. Results: BIS-11 non-planning and BIS-11 total scores positively correlated with GD severity. The standardized coefficients for the SEM showed direct positive contributions of BIS-11 non-planning, Padua and EDT scores to GD severity. Only participants' ages directly contributed to WCST perseverative errors, and no direct or indirect effects were found with respect to GD severity. Conclusion: The findings suggest that specific aspects of impulsivity and compulsivity contribute to GD severity. Interventions specifically targeting domains that are most relevant to GD severity may improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Health Sciences School, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elise E DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brady A Reynolds
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jimenez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
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48
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Coles AS, Knezevic D, George TP, Correll CU, Kane JM, Castle D. Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:808002. [PMID: 34975600 PMCID: PMC8715086 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.808002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs) among individuals with schizophrenia are a prevalent and complex psychiatric comorbidity, which is associated with increased symptom severity, worsened illness trajectory and high rates of treatment non-adherence. Recent evidence suggests that the use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics may provide an effective treatment option for individuals with this dual-diagnosis. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar for English-language studies, investigating the use of LAIs in co-occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorders (SCZ-SUDs). Results: Eight reports [one case study (n = 1), one case series (n = 8), three open-label retrospective studies (n = 75), and three randomized controlled trials (n = 273)] investigated the use of LAI antipsychotics in 357 participants with SCZ-SUDs [alcohol use disorder: 5 studies, n = 282; cocaine use disorder: 5 studies, n = 85; amphetamine use disorder: 1 study, n = 1; cannabis use disorder: 3 studies, n = 160; opioid use disorder: 3 studies, n = 19; methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use disorder: 2 studies, n = 9; ketamine use disorder: 1 study, n = 4] and were included in this systematic review. Findings indicate significant improvements in substance use related outcomes across 7 of 8 studies, while in 6 of 8 studies, significant improvements in psychopathology-related outcomes were reported. Conclusions: LAI antipsychotics may be an efficacious intervention option for the treatment of SCZ-SUDs. However, varying methodological rigor, generally small sample sizes and heterogeneity of samples, settings, substances of abuse, tested LAIs and comparators, as well as psychosocial cotreatments and level of reported detail across studies requires that these findings be considered preliminary and interpreted with caution. Further research is required to better understand the effects of LAIs among individuals with SCZ-SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria S Coles
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dunja Knezevic
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - David Castle
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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49
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Ashare RL, Wileyto EP, Logue-Chamberlain E, Gross R, Tyndale RF, Lerman C, Hawk LW, Cinciripini P, George TP, Lubitz SF, Schnoll R. Patterns of lapses and recoveries during a quit attempt using varenicline and behavioral counseling among smokers with and without HIV. Psychol Addict Behav 2020; 35:788-796. [PMID: 32686950 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Addressing tobacco use among HIV+ smokers is a priority. Lack of knowledge about how HIV+ smokers respond to tobacco use treatments limits our ability to effectively treat this population of smokers. Using data from 2 clinical trials that provided 12 weeks of varenicline and behavioral counseling, 1 with smokers with HIV (n = 89) and 1 with smokers without HIV (n = 179), we used mixed logistic regression modeling to compare point-prevalence abstinence rates and adherence to the initial target quit date (TQD) and Cox regression for repeated outcomes to evaluate lapse and recovery dynamics between the groups. Sixty percent of HIV- smokers refrained from smoking at the TQD while only 33% of HIV+ smokers did (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, 95% CI [0.18, 0.56], p < .001). The point-prevalence abstinence rates at Week 12 were 31% (HIV-) and 28% (HIV+; OR = 0.7, 95% CI [0.42, 1.16], p = .16) and the point prevalence abstinence rates at Week 24 were 22% (HIV-) and 15% (HIV+; OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.49, 1.57], p = .65). Although there was no interaction between HIV status and lapse risk, χ2(3) < 1, there was a significant interaction for the recovery model, (χ2(3) = 20.4, p < 0.001): as the number of events increased, the time to the next recovery became longer among smokers with HIV, compared to smokers without HIV. Although HIV+ smokers were treated effectively with varenicline, compared to HIV- smokers, they showed significantly lower initial cessation at the TQD and took increasingly longer to recover following lapses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Gross
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Division of Brain and Therapeutics
| | | | | | | | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Division of Brain and Therapeutics
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50
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Lowe DJ, Müller DJ, George TP. Ketamine Treatment in Depression: A Systematic Review of Clinical Characteristics Predicting Symptom Improvement. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1398-1414. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200423094423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of depression, specifically
among individuals who do not respond to first-line treatments. There is still, however, a lack of clarity
surrounding the clinical features and response periods across samples that respond to ketamine. This
paper systematically reviews published randomized controlled trials that investigate ketamine as an antidepressant
intervention in both unipolar and bipolar depression to determine the specific clinical features
of the samples across different efficacy periods. Moreover, similarities and differences in clinical characteristics
associated with acute versus longer-term drug response are discussed. Similarities across all
samples suggest that the population that responds to ketamine’s antidepressant effect has experienced
chronic, long-term depression, approaching ketamine treatment as a “last resort”. Moreover, differences
between these groups suggest future research to investigate the potential of stronger efficacy towards
depression in the context of bipolar disorder compared to major depression, and in participants who undergo
antidepressant washout before ketamine administration. From these findings, suggestions for the
future direction of ketamine research for depression are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby J.E. Lowe
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Tony P. George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
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