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Seymour M, Roslin T, deWaard JR, Perez KHJ, D'Souza ML, Ratnasingham S, Ashfaq M, Levesque-Beaudin V, Blagoev GA, Bukowski B, Cale P, Crosbie D, Decaëns T, deWaard SL, Ekrem T, El-Ansary HO, Evouna Ondo F, Fraser D, Geiger MF, Hajibabaei M, Hallwachs W, Hanisch PE, Hausmann A, Heath M, Hogg ID, Janzen DH, Kinnaird M, Kohn JR, Larrivée M, Lees DC, León-Règagnon V, Liddell M, Lijtmaer DA, Lipinskaya T, Locke SA, Manjunath R, Martins DJ, Martins MB, Mazumdar S, McKeown JTA, Anderson-Teixeria K, Miller SE, Milton MA, Miskie R, Morinière J, Mutanen M, Naik S, Nichols B, Noguera FA, Novotny V, Penev L, Pentinsaari M, Quinn J, Ramsay L, Rochefort R, Schmidt S, Smith MA, Sobel CN, Somervuo P, Sones JE, Staude HS, St Jaques B, Stur E, Telfer AC, Tubaro PL, Wardlaw TJ, Worcester R, Yang Z, Young MR, Zemlak T, Zakharov EV, Zlotnick B, Ovaskainen O, Hebert PDN. Global arthropod beta-diversity is spatially and temporally structured by latitude. Commun Biol 2024; 7:552. [PMID: 38720028 PMCID: PMC11078949 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity gradients are generally expected to reflect greater species replacement closer to the equator. However, empirical validation of global biodiversity gradients largely relies on vertebrates, plants, and other less diverse taxa. Here we assess the temporal and spatial dynamics of global arthropod biodiversity dynamics using a beta-diversity framework. Sampling includes 129 sampling sites whereby malaise traps are deployed to monitor temporal changes in arthropod communities. Overall, we encountered more than 150,000 unique barcode index numbers (BINs) (i.e. species proxies). We assess between site differences in community diversity using beta-diversity and the partitioned components of species replacement and richness difference. Global total beta-diversity (dissimilarity) increases with decreasing latitude, greater spatial distance and greater temporal distance. Species replacement and richness difference patterns vary across biogeographic regions. Our findings support long-standing, general expectations of global biodiversity patterns. However, we also show that the underlying processes driving patterns may be regionally linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Seymour
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ulls väg 18B, Uppsala, 75651, Sweden
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jeremy R deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kate H J Perez
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle L D'Souza
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gergin A Blagoev
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Belén Bukowski
- División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter Cale
- Australian Landscape Trust, Renmark, SA, SA5341, Australia
| | | | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Torbjørn Ekrem
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
| | - Hosam O El-Ansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fidèle Evouna Ondo
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Departement de la Recherche Scientifique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - David Fraser
- BC Conservation Data Centre, Ministry of Environment, Box 9338, Station Prov Govt, Victoria, BC, V8W 9M1, Canada
| | - Matthias F Geiger
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Hajibabaei
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Winnie Hallwachs
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Priscila E Hanisch
- División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter - University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Hausmann
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ian D Hogg
- Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, NU, Canada
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Daniel H Janzen
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Joshua R Kohn
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Maxim Larrivée
- Insectarium, Montréal Space for Life, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David C Lees
- Department of Science, Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia León-Règagnon
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 21, C.P, 48980, San Patricio, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Michael Liddell
- Centre for Tropical, Environmental, and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darío A Lijtmaer
- División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tatsiana Lipinskaya
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sean A Locke
- Departamento de Biología, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, 00680, Puerto Rico
| | - Ramya Manjunath
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dino J Martins
- Mpala Research Centre and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marlúcia B Martins
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Invertebrados, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral 1901, Terra Firma, CEP, 66077 530, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Santosh Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, 4331, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Jaclyn T A McKeown
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, WA, USA
| | - Megan A Milton
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Renee Miskie
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Suresh Naik
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Becky Nichols
- US National Park Service, 1316 Cherokee Orchard Road, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg, TN, USA
| | - Felipe A Noguera
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 21, C.P, 48980, San Patricio, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lyubomir Penev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mikko Pentinsaari
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Quinn
- Rare Charitable Research Reserve, Cambridge, ON, Canada
| | - Leah Ramsay
- BC Conservation Data Centre, Ministry of Environment, Box 9338, Station Prov Govt, Victoria, BC, V8W 9M1, Canada
| | - Regina Rochefort
- North Cascades National Park Service Complex, 810 State Route 20, Sedro-Woolley, WA, 98284, USA
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Alex Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal N Sobel
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jayme E Sones
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brianne St Jaques
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Stur
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
| | - Angela C Telfer
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo L Tubaro
- División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tim J Wardlaw
- ARC Centre for Forest Values, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Robyn Worcester
- Stanley Park Ecology Society, P.O. Box 5167, Vancouver, BC, V6B 4B2, Canada
| | - Zhaofu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Monica R Young
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Zemlak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Evgeny V Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (Survontie 9C), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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2
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Sam K, Jorge LR, Koane B, Hazell RJ, Shearman PL, Novotny V. Reorganization of bird communities along a rainforest elevation gradient during a strong El Niño event in Papua New Guinea. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10955. [PMID: 38751823 PMCID: PMC11094519 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The El Niño 2015 event, most extreme since 1997, led to severe droughts in tropical wet Papua New Guinea (PNG), reducing May to October dry season rainfall by 75% in the lowlands and 25% in the highlands. Such droughts are likely to have significant effects on terrestrial ecosystems, but they have been poorly explored in Papua New Guinea. Here, we report changes in bird community composition prior to, during, and after the 2015 El Niño event along the elevational gradient ranging from 200 m to 2700 m a.s.l. at the Mt. Wilhelm rainforest in PNG. The abundance of birds in the lowlands dropped by 60% but increased by 40% at elevations above 1700 m during El Niño year. In the following year, the individual bird species reached mean population sizes similar to pre-El Niño years but did not fully recover. Species richness roughly followed the pattern of observed abundance and quickly and fully re-established after the event to the pre- El Niño values. Thus, at least some terrestrial birds seem to react quickly to the extreme droughts in lowlands and shift to less affected mountain habitats. We recorded upper elevational range limits to shifts by more than 500 m a.s.l. in 22 bird species (out of 237 recorded in total) during El Niño year, in contrast to their typical ranges. Our study suggests that a strong El Niño event can have strong but reversible effects on bird communities as long as they have an opportunity to move to more favorable sites through undisturbed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sam
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Bonny Koane
- The New Guinea Binatang Research CenterMadangPapua New Guinea
| | | | - Philip L. Shearman
- School of Botany and ZoologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- UPNG Remote Sensing Centre, Biology DepartmentUniversity of Papua New GuineaPort MoresbyPapua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
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3
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Opolski MP, Barbero U, Zyśk A, Skorupski W, Novotny V, Kovacic M, Wolny R, Dębski A, Paschalis-Purtak K, Januszewicz A, Witkowski A. Changes in Operator's Heart Rate and Blood Pressure During Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 17:1076-1077. [PMID: 38456884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2024.01.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
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4
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Finnie S, Butterill P, Novotny V, Redmond C, Jorge LR, Abe T, Lamarre GPA, Maicher V, Sam K. Vertical stratification and defensive traits of caterpillars against parasitoids in a lowland tropical forest in Cameroon. Oecologia 2024; 204:915-930. [PMID: 38613574 PMCID: PMC11062930 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Insect herbivores and their parasitoids play a crucial role in terrestrial trophic interactions in tropical forests. These interactions occur across the entire vertical gradient of the forest. This study compares how caterpillar communities, and their parasitism rates, vary across vertical strata and between caterpillar defensive strategies in a semi deciduous tropical forest in Nditam, Cameroon. Within a 0.1 ha plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were felled and systematically searched for caterpillars. We divided the entire vertical gradient of the forest into eight, five-metre strata. All caterpillars were assigned to a stratum based on their collection height, reared, identified, and classified into one of three defensive traits: aposematic, cryptic and shelter-building. Caterpillar species richness and diversity showed a midstory peak, whereas density followed the opposite pattern, decreasing in the midstory and then increasing towards the highest strata. This trend was driven by some highly dense shelter-building caterpillars in the upper canopy. Specialisation indices indicated decreasing levels of caterpillar generality with increasing height, a midstory peak in vulnerability, and increasing connectance towards the upper canopy, although the latter was likely driven by decreasing network size. Both aposematic and shelter-building caterpillars had significantly higher parasitism rates than cryptic caterpillars. Our results highlight nuanced changes in caterpillar communities across forest strata and provide evidence that defences strategies are important indicators of parasitism rates in caterpillars and that both aposematic and shelter-building caterpillars could be considered a "safe haven" for parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Finnie
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Philip Butterill
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Conor Redmond
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomokazu Abe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Greg P A Lamarre
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, 0843-03092, Ancon, Panama
| | - Vincent Maicher
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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5
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Medina-Vega JA, Zuleta D, Aguilar S, Alonso A, Bissiengou P, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Burslem DFRP, Castaño N, Chave J, Dalling JW, de Oliveira AA, Duque Á, Ediriweera S, Ewango CEN, Filip J, Hubbell SP, Itoh A, Kiratiprayoon S, Lum SKY, Makana JR, Memiaghe H, Mitre D, Mohamad MB, Nathalang A, Nilus R, Nkongolo NV, Novotny V, O'Brien MJ, Pérez R, Pongpattananurak N, Reynolds G, Russo SE, Tan S, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Valencia R, Vicentini A, Yao TL, Zimmerman JK, Davies SJ. Tropical tree ectomycorrhiza are distributed independently of soil nutrients. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:400-410. [PMID: 38200369 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhizae, a form of plant-fungal symbioses, mediate vegetation impacts on ecosystem functioning. Climatic effects on decomposition and soil quality are suggested to drive mycorrhizal distributions, with arbuscular mycorrhizal plants prevailing in low-latitude/high-soil-quality areas and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) plants in high-latitude/low-soil-quality areas. However, these generalizations, based on coarse-resolution data, obscure finer-scale variations and result in high uncertainties in the predicted distributions of mycorrhizal types and their drivers. Using data from 31 lowland tropical forests, both at a coarse scale (mean-plot-level data) and fine scale (20 × 20 metres from a subset of 16 sites), we demonstrate that the distribution and abundance of EcM-associated trees are independent of soil quality. Resource exchange differences among mycorrhizal partners, stemming from diverse evolutionary origins of mycorrhizal fungi, may decouple soil fertility from the advantage provided by mycorrhizal associations. Additionally, distinct historical biogeographies and diversification patterns have led to differences in forest composition and nutrient-acquisition strategies across three major tropical regions. Notably, Africa and Asia's lowland tropical forests have abundant EcM trees, whereas they are relatively scarce in lowland neotropical forests. A greater understanding of the functional biology of mycorrhizal symbiosis is required, especially in the lowland tropics, to overcome biases from assuming similarity to temperate and boreal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Medina-Vega
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Daniel Zuleta
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pulchérie Bissiengou
- Herbier National du Gabon, Institut de Pharmacopée et de Médecine Traditionelle, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Thai Long-Term Forest Ecological Research Project, Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nicolás Castaño
- Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas Sinchi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UPS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - James W Dalling
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alexandre A de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Corneille E N Ewango
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jonah Filip
- Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Somboon Kiratiprayoon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Shawn K Y Lum
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Remy Makana
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hervé Memiaghe
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - David Mitre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | | | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Reuben Nilus
- Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, Sandakan, Malaysia
| | - Nsalambi V Nkongolo
- School of Science, Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, USA
- Institut Facultaire des Sciences Agronomiques (IFA) de Yangambi, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Almería, Spain
| | - Rolando Pérez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Nantachai Pongpattananurak
- Thai Long-Term Forest Ecological Research Project, Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Glen Reynolds
- Southeast Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renato Valencia
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alberto Vicentini
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental (CODAM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Tze Leong Yao
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Abdul Halim A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Allekotte I, Cheminant KA, Almela A, Aloisio R, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Yebra JA, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Anukriti, Apollonio L, Aramo C, Ferreira PRA, Arnone E, Velázquez JCA, Assis P, Avila G, Avocone E, Bakalova A, Barbato F, Mocellin AB, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bhatta G, Bianciotto M, Biermann PL, Binet V, Bismark K, Bister T, Biteau J, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer J, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Arbeletche LB, Borodai N, Brack J, Orchera PGB, Briechle FL, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Büsken M, Bwembya A, Caballero-Mora KS, Cabana-Freire S, Caccianiga L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Cermenati A, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cerutti ACC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Conte M, Convenga F, Dos Santos DC, Costa PJ, Covault CE, Cristinziani M, Sanchez CSC, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, Neto JRTDM, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, Franco DDO, de Palma F, de Souza V, de Errico BPDS, De Vito E, Del Popolo A, Deligny O, Denner N, Deval L, di Matteo A, Dobre M, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Mendes LMD, Dorosti Q, Dos Anjos JC, Dos Anjos RC, Ebr J, Ellwanger F, Emam M, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Etchegoyen A, Evoli C, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fernandes A, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fitoussi T, Flaggs B, Fodran T, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Gaudu C, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Berisso MG, Vitale PFG, Gongora JP, González JM, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Gülzow L, Hahn S, Hamal P, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Janecek P, Jilek V, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Khakurdikar A, Covilakam VVK, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Knapp F, Köhler J, Kunka N, Lago BL, Langner N, de Oliveira MAL, Lema-Capeans Y, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lopes L, Lu L, Luce Q, Lundquist JP, Payeras AM, Majercakova M, Mandat D, Manning BC, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariani FM, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinelli S, Bravo OM, Martins MA, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mayotte S, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Meinert J, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merx C, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morejon L, Morello C, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Namasaka WM, Negi S, Nellen L, Nguyen K, Nicora G, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Oliveira C, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Panja S, Parente G, Paulsen T, Pawlowsky J, Pech M, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Pereira LAS, Martins EEP, Armand JP, Bertolli CP, Perrone L, Petrera S, Petrucci C, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Shahvar MP, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Akim JVR, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Rizi V, de Carvalho WR, Rodriguez E, Rojo JR, Roncoroni MJ, Rossoni S, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saftoiu A, Saharan M, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Gomez JDS, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer CM, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulte J, Schulz T, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Segreto A, Sehgal S, Shivashankara SU, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Simkova K, Simon F, Smau R, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Strähnz S, Straub M, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Svozilikova Z, Szadkowski Z, Tairli F, Tapia A, Taricco C, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Peixoto CJT, Tomé B, Torrès Z, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Tueros M, Unger M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Galicia JFV, Valore L, Varela E, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Quispe IDV, Verzi V, Vicha J, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Watanabe C, Watson AA, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yue B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M. Demonstrating Agreement between Radio and Fluorescence Measurements of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:021001. [PMID: 38277596 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We show, for the first time, radio measurements of the depth of shower maximum (X_{max}) of air showers induced by cosmic rays that are compared to measurements of the established fluorescence method at the same location. Using measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory we show full compatibility between our radio and the previously published fluorescence dataset, and between a subset of air showers observed simultaneously with both radio and fluorescence techniques, a measurement setup unique to the Pierre Auger Observatory. Furthermore, we show radio X_{max} resolution as a function of energy and demonstrate the ability to make competitive high-resolution X_{max} measurements with even a sparse radio array. With this, we show that the radio technique is capable of cosmic-ray mass composition studies, both at Auger and at other experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdul Halim
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Aloisio
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Ammerman Yebra
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anukriti
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Apollonio
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - E Arnone
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | | | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - E Avocone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Barbato
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - G Bhatta
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Bianciotto
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - P L Biermann
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - V Binet
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - K Bismark
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Bister
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Brack
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - P G Brichetto Orchera
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
| | - M Büsken
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Bwembya
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - S Cabana-Freire
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Caccianiga
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - R Caruso
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A Cermenati
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
| | - M Conte
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - F Convenga
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - P J Costa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M Cristinziani
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - C S Cruz Sanchez
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Dasso
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - F de Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B P de Souza de Errico
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - A Del Popolo
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - O Deligny
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - N Denner
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Deval
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Dobre
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - L M Domingues Mendes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Q Dorosti
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - J C Dos Anjos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Ellwanger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Emam
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Evoli
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Fernandes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T Fitoussi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Flaggs
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - C Gaudu
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - J Glombitza
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J M González
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - L Gülzow
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Hahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Hamal
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - C Hojvat
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Janecek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Jilek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K-H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Khakurdikar
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V V Kizakke Covilakam
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Knapp
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Köhler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
| | - N Langner
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Y Lema-Capeans
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Lu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Machado Payeras
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Majercakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P Mantsch
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - S Marafico
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F M Mariani
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Martinelli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M A Martins
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H-J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - S Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - P O Mazur
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - J Meinert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Merx
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Michal
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L Morejon
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Morello
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
| | - K Mulrey
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - W M Namasaka
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Negi
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - K Nguyen
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - G Nicora
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - C Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
| | - S Panja
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Paulsen
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Pawlowsky
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pękala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - L A S Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - E E Pereira Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Perez Armand
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Pérez Bertolli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Petrera
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Petrucci
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Pourmohammad Shahvar
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Reininghaus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - V Rizi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - E Rodriguez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Rodriguez Rojo
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Rossoni
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Saharan
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F Salamida
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C M Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Schimp
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - J Schulte
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Segreto
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - S Sehgal
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S U Shivashankara
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - K Simkova
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Simon
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Smau
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Strähnz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Straub
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Z Svozilikova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
| | - F Tairli
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Taricco
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Z Torrès
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J F Valdés Galicia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vink
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - C Watanabe
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A A Watson
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Yue
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Copete JC, Kik A, Novotny V, Cámara-Leret R. The importance of Indigenous and local people for cataloging biodiversity. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:1112-1114. [PMID: 37723016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous and local peoples' (ILPs) role in cataloging life on Earth has been significant but underappreciated. ILPs knowledge faces growing cultural and biological threats. Greater participation by ILPs in research would make science more efficient, conservation more sustainable, and traditional knowledge stronger, but formidable obstacles remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Copete
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alfred Kik
- University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31a, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31a, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Rodrigo Cámara-Leret
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Delavaux CS, LaManna JA, Myers JA, Phillips RP, Aguilar S, Allen D, Alonso A, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Baker ME, Baltzer JL, Bissiengou P, Bonfim M, Bourg NA, Brockelman WY, Burslem DFRP, Chang LW, Chen Y, Chiang JM, Chu C, Clay K, Cordell S, Cortese M, den Ouden J, Dick C, Ediriweera S, Ellis EC, Feistner A, Freestone AL, Giambelluca T, Giardina CP, Gilbert GS, He F, Holík J, Howe RW, Huaraca Huasca W, Hubbell SP, Inman F, Jansen PA, Johnson DJ, Kral K, Larson AJ, Litton CM, Lutz JA, Malhi Y, McGuire K, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Memiaghe H, Nathalang A, Norden N, Novotny V, O'Brien MJ, Orwig DA, Ostertag R, Parker GG'J, Pérez R, Reynolds G, Russo SE, Sack L, Šamonil P, Sun IF, Swanson ME, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Vandermeer J, Wang X, Ware I, Weiblen GD, Wolf A, Wu SH, Zimmerman JK, Lauber T, Maynard DS, Crowther TW, Averill C. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1066. [PMID: 37857800 PMCID: PMC10587352 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille S Delavaux
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Joseph A LaManna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Salomón Aguilar
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - David Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew E Baker
- Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Pulchérie Bissiengou
- Herbier National du Gabon, Institut de Pharmacopée et de Médecine Traditionelle, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Mariana Bonfim
- Department of Biology, Temple Ambler Field Station, Temple University, Ambler, PA, USA
| | - Norman A Bourg
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Li-Wan Chang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei City, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jyh-Min Chiang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chengjin Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Mary Cortese
- Department of Biology, Temple Ambler Field Station, Temple University, Ambler, PA, USA
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Dick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Erle C Ellis
- Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Feistner
- Gabon Biodiversity Program, Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Gamba, Gabon
| | - Amy L Freestone
- Department of Biology, Temple Ambler Field Station, Temple University, Ambler, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Giambelluca
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, USA
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | | | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Fangliang He
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jan Holík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W Howe
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Walter Huaraca Huasca
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faith Inman
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Kamil Kral
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Larson
- Department of Forest Management, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- The Wilderness Institute, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Creighton M Litton
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - James A Lutz
- The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Krista McGuire
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, NJ, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hervé Memiaghe
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Almería, Spain
| | - David A Orwig
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rolando Pérez
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Glen Reynolds
- The Royal Society SEARRP (UK/Malaysia), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pavel Šamonil
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mark E Swanson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Vandermeer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xihua Wang
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ian Ware
- U.S. Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - George D Weiblen
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Wu
- Botanical Garden Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Thomas Lauber
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Maynard
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colin Averill
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
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Novotny V, Kvistad CE, Naess H, Logallo N, Fromm A, Khanevski AN, Thomassen L. Tenecteplase, 0.4 mg/kg, in Moderate and Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pooled Analysis of NOR-TEST and NOR-TEST 2A. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030320. [PMID: 37830342 PMCID: PMC10757511 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Background The optimal dose of tenecteplase in acute ischemic stroke remains to be defined. We present a pooled analysis of the 2 NOR-TESTs (Norwegian Tenecteplase Stroke Trials) exploring the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase, 0.4 mg/kg. Methods and Results We retrospectively reviewed 2 PROBE (Prospective Randomized Open, Blinded End-point) trials, NOR-TEST and NOR-TEST 2A. Patients were randomized to either tenecteplase, 0.4 mg/kg, or alteplase, 0.9 mg/kg. The primary end point was favorable functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-1) or return to baseline if prestroke modified Rankin Scale score was 2. Secondary end points included favorable functional and clinical outcome and safety data. The pooled analysis includes patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6 from both trials and an additional post hoc analysis of patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5 from NOR-TEST. The per-protocol analysis contains 483 patients, of whom 235 were assigned to tenecteplase and 248 were assigned to alteplase. In per-protocol analysis, functional outcome was better in the alteplase arm with cutoff modified Rankin Scale score of 2 (odds ratio [OR], 0.52 [95% CI, 0.33-0.80]; P=0.003) and expressed by ordinal shift analysis (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.17-2.28]; P=0.004). Mortality at 3 months was higher in the tenecteplase arm (OR, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.20-5.10]; P=0.01). Mortality and intracranial hemorrhage rates were higher in the severe stroke group randomized to tenecteplase, whereas these rates were similar for alteplase and tenecteplase in moderate and mild stroke. Conclusions Tenecteplase, 0.4 mg/kg, is unsafe in moderate and severe stroke, and the risk of death and intracranial hemorrhage probably increases with stroke severity. A lower tenecteplase dose should be tested in future trials. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT01949948, NCT03854500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novotny
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Christopher Elnan Kvistad
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Halvor Naess
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Centre for Age‐Related MedicineStavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway
| | - Nicola Logallo
- Department of NeurosurgeryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Annette Fromm
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | | | - Lars Thomassen
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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10
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Middleton J, Colthart G, Dem F, Elkins A, Fairhead J, Hazell RJ, Head MG, Inacio J, Jimbudo M, Jones CI, Laman M, MacGregor H, Novotny V, Peck M, Philip J, Paliau J, Pomat W, Stockdale JA, Sui S, Stewart AJ, Umari R, Walker SL, Cassell JA. Health service needs and perspectives of a rainforest conserving community in Papua New Guinea's Ramu lowlands: a combined clinical and rapid anthropological assessment with parallel treatment of urgent cases. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075946. [PMID: 37802618 PMCID: PMC10565268 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine community needs and perspectives as part of planning health service incorporation into Wanang Conservation Area, in support of locally driven sustainable development. DESIGN Clinical and rapid anthropological assessment (individual primary care assessments, key informant (KI) interviews, focus groups (FGs), ethnography) with treatment of urgent cases. SETTING Wanang (pop. c189), a rainforest community in Madang province, Papua New Guinea. PARTICIPANTS 129 villagers provided medical histories (54 females (f), 75 males (m); median 19 years, range 1 month to 73 years), 113 had clinical assessments (51f, 62m; median 18 years, range 1 month to 73 years). 26 ≥18 years participated in sex-stratified and age-stratified FGs (f<40 years; m<40 years; f>40 years; m>40 years). Five KIs were interviewed (1f, 4m). Daily ethnographic fieldnotes were recorded. RESULTS Of 113 examined, 11 were 'well' (a clinical impression based on declarations of no current illness, medical histories, conversation, no observed disease signs), 62 (30f, 32m) were treated urgently, 31 referred (15f, 16m), indicating considerable unmet need. FGs top-4 ranked health issues concorded with KI views, medical histories and clinical examinations. For example, ethnoclassifications of three ((A) 'malaria', (B) 'sotwin', (C) 'grile') translated to the five biomedical conditions diagnosed most ((A) malaria, 9 villagers; (B) upper respiratory infection, 25; lower respiratory infection, 10; tuberculosis, 9; (C) tinea imbricata, 15) and were highly represented in declared medical histories ((A) 75 participants, (B) 23, (C) 35). However, 29.2% of diagnoses (49/168) were limited to one or two people. Treatment approaches included plant medicines, stored pharmaceuticals, occasionally rituals. Travel to hospital/pharmacy was sometimes undertaken for severe/refractory disease. Service barriers included: no health patrols/accessible aid post, remote hospital, unfamiliarity with institutions and medicine costs. Service introduction priorities were: aid post, vaccinations, transport, perinatal/birth care and family planning. CONCLUSIONS This study enabled service planning and demonstrated a need sufficient to acquire funding to establish primary care. In doing so, it aided Wanang's community to develop sustainably, without sacrificing their forest home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Middleton
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Watson Building, University of Brighton, Falmer, UK
| | - Gavin Colthart
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Watson Building, University of Brighton, Falmer, UK
| | - Francesca Dem
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Alice Elkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - James Fairhead
- Department of Anthropology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Richard J Hazell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Michael G Head
- Clinical Informatics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joao Inacio
- School of Applied Sciences, Cockcroft Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Mavis Jimbudo
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Christopher Iain Jones
- Medical Statistics, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Watson Building, University of Brighton, Falmer, UK
| | - Moses Laman
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Hayley MacGregor
- Health and Nutrition Research Cluster, Institute of Development Studies, Falmer, UK
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mika Peck
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Jonah Philip
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Wanang Conservation Area, Wanang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jason Paliau
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Renewable Energy, School of Environment and Climate Change, Papua New Guinea University of Natural Resources and Environment, Kokopo, Papua New Guinea
| | - William Pomat
- PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jessica A Stockdale
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Watson Building, University of Brighton, Falmer, UK
| | - Shen Sui
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Alan J Stewart
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Ruma Umari
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Wanang Conservation Area, Wanang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Stephen L Walker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jackie A Cassell
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Watson Building, University of Brighton, Falmer, UK
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Ratajczak-Tretel B, Lambert AT, Al-Ani R, Arntzen K, Bakkejord GK, Bekkeseth HMO, Bjerkeli V, Eldøen G, Gulsvik AK, Halvorsen B, Høie GA, Ihle-Hansen H, Ihle-Hansen H, Ingebrigtsen S, Kremer C, Krogseth SB, Kruuse C, Kurz M, Nakstad I, Novotny V, Næss H, Qazi R, Rezaj MK, Rørholt DM, Steffensen LH, Sømark J, Tobro H, Truelsen TC, Wassvik L, Ægidius KL, Atar D, Aamodt AH. Prediction of underlying atrial fibrillation in patients with a cryptogenic stroke: results from the NOR-FIB Study. J Neurol 2023:10.1007/s00415-023-11680-8. [PMID: 37162578 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) detection and treatment are key elements to reduce recurrence risk in cryptogenic stroke (CS) with underlying arrhythmia. The purpose of the present study was to assess the predictors of AF in CS and the utility of existing AF-predicting scores in The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) Study. METHOD The NOR-FIB study was an international prospective observational multicenter study designed to detect and quantify AF in CS and cryptogenic transient ischaemic attack (TIA) patients monitored by the insertable cardiac monitor (ICM), and to identify AF-predicting biomarkers. The utility of the following AF-predicting scores was tested: AS5F, Brown ESUS-AF, CHA2DS2-VASc, CHASE-LESS, HATCH, HAVOC, STAF and SURF. RESULTS In univariate analyses increasing age, hypertension, left ventricle hypertrophy, dyslipidaemia, antiarrhythmic drugs usage, valvular heart disease, and neuroimaging findings of stroke due to intracranial vessel occlusions and previous ischemic lesions were associated with a higher likelihood of detected AF. In multivariate analysis, age was the only independent predictor of AF. All the AF-predicting scores showed significantly higher score levels for AF than non-AF patients. The STAF and the SURF scores provided the highest sensitivity and negative predictive values, while the AS5F and SURF reached an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) > 0.7. CONCLUSION Clinical risk scores may guide a personalized evaluation approach in CS patients. Increasing awareness of the usage of available AF-predicting scores may optimize the arrhythmia detection pathway in stroke units.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ratajczak-Tretel
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Tancin Lambert
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Al-Ani
- Department of Cardiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - K Arntzen
- Department for Neurology, Nordlandssykehuset, Bodø, Norway
| | - G K Bakkejord
- Department for Neurology, Nordlandssykehuset, Bodø, Norway
| | - H M O Bekkeseth
- Department of Neurology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer Hospital, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - V Bjerkeli
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Eldøen
- Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - A K Gulsvik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - G A Høie
- Department of Cardiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - H Ihle-Hansen
- Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway
| | - S Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - C Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S B Krogseth
- Department of Neurology, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - C Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M Kurz
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - I Nakstad
- Department of Neurology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - V Novotny
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Næss
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Qazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M K Rezaj
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - D M Rørholt
- Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - L H Steffensen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Sømark
- Department of Neurology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer Hospital, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - H Tobro
- Department of Neurology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - T C Truelsen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Wassvik
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K L Ægidius
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Atar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hege Aamodt
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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12
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Ratajczak-Tretel B, Lambert AT, Al-Ani R, Arntzen K, Bakkejord GK, Bekkeseth HMO, Bjerkeli V, Eldøen G, Gulsvik AK, Halvorsen B, Høie GA, Ihle-Hansen H, Ingebrigtsen S, Kremer C, Krogseth SB, Kruuse C, Kurz M, Nakstad I, Novotny V, Naess H, Qazi R, Rezaj MK, Rørholt DM, Steffensen LH, Sømark J, Tobro H, Truelsen TC, Wassvik L, Ægidius KL, Atar D, Aamodt AH. Underlying causes of cryptogenic stroke and TIA in the nordic atrial fibrillation and stroke (NOR-FIB) study - the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:115. [PMID: 36944929 PMCID: PMC10028765 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptogenic stroke is a heterogeneous condition, with a wide spectrum of possible underlying causes for which the optimal secondary prevention may differ substantially. Attempting a correct etiological diagnosis to reduce the stroke recurrence should be the fundamental goal of modern stroke management. METHODS Prospective observational international multicenter study of cryptogenic stroke and cryptogenic transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients clinically monitored for 12 months to assign the underlying etiology. For atrial fibrillation (AF) detection continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring with insertable cardiac monitor (Reveal LINQ, Medtronic) was performed. The 12-month follow-up data for 250 of 259 initially included NOR-FIB patients were available for analysis. RESULTS After 12 months follow-up probable stroke causes were revealed in 43% patients, while 57% still remained cryptogenic. AF and atrial flutter was most prevalent (29%). In 14% patients other possible causes were revealed (small vessel disease, large-artery atherosclerosis, hypercoagulable states, other cardioembolism). Patients remaining cryptogenic were younger (p < 0.001), had lower CHA2DS2-VASc score (p < 0.001) on admission, and lower NIHSS score (p = 0.031) and mRS (p = 0.016) at discharge. Smoking was more prevalent in patients that were still cryptogenic (p = 0.014), while dyslipidaemia was less prevalent (p = 0.044). Stroke recurrence rate was higher in the cryptogenic group compared to the group where the etiology was revealed, 7.7% vs. 2.8%, (p = 0.091). CONCLUSION Cryptogenic stroke often indicates the inability to identify the cause in the acute phase and should be considered as a working diagnosis until efforts of diagnostic work up succeed in identifying a specific underlying etiology. Timeframe of 6-12-month follow-up may be considered as optimal. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02937077, EudraCT 2018-002298-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ratajczak-Tretel
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Postboks 300, Grålum, 1714, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - A Tancin Lambert
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Postboks 300, Grålum, 1714, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Al-Ani
- Department of Cardiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - K Arntzen
- Department for Neurology, Nordlandssykehuset, Bodø, Norway
| | - G K Bakkejord
- Department for Neurology, Nordlandssykehuset, Bodø, Norway
| | - H M O Bekkeseth
- Lillehammer Hospital, Department of Neurology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - V Bjerkeli
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Eldøen
- Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - A K Gulsvik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - G A Høie
- Department of Cardiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - H Ihle-Hansen
- Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Baerum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway
| | - S Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - C Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S B Krogseth
- Department of Neurology, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - C Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M Kurz
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - I Nakstad
- Drammen Hospital, Department of Neurology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - V Novotny
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Naess
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Qazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M K Rezaj
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - D M Rørholt
- Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - L H Steffensen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Sømark
- Lillehammer Hospital, Department of Neurology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - H Tobro
- Department of Neurology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - T C Truelsen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Wassvik
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K L Ægidius
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Atar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - A H Aamodt
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement science, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Kik A, Jorge LR, Bajzekova J, Baro N, Opasa R, Sosanika G, Duda P, West P, Sam K, Zrzavy J, Novotny V. Hunting skills and ethnobiological knowledge among the young, educated Papua New Guineans: Implications for conservation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
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14
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Tancin Lambert A, Ratajczak-Tretel B, Al-Ani R, Arntzen K, Bakkejord GK, Bekkeseth HMO, Bjerkeli V, Eldøen G, Gulsvik AK, Halvorsen B, Høie GA, Ihle-Hansen H, Ihle-Hansen H, Ingebrigtsen S, Johansen H, Kremer C, Krogseth SB, Kruuse C, Kurz M, Nakstad I, Novotny V, Naess H, Qazi R, Rezai MK, Rørholt DM, Steffensen LH, Sømark J, Tobro H, Truelsen TC, Wassvik L, AEgidius KL, Pesonen M, de Melis M, Atar D, Aamodt AH. Biomarkers predictive of atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Insights from the Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) study. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1352-1363. [PMID: 36786305 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There are currently no biomarkers to select cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients for monitoring with insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs), the most effective tool for diagnosing atrial fibrillation (AF) in CS. The purpose of this study was to assess clinically available biomarkers as predictors of AF. METHODS Eligible CS and cryptogenic transient ischaemic attack patients underwent 12-month monitoring with ICMs, clinical follow-up and biomarker sampling. Levels of cardiac and thromboembolic biomarkers, taken within 14 days from symptom onset, were compared between patients diagnosed with AF (n = 74) during monitoring and those without AF (n = 185). Receiver operating characteristic curves were created. Biomarkers reaching area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥ 0.7 were dichotomized by finding optimal cut-off values and were used in logistic regression establishing their predictive value for increased risk of AF in unadjusted and adjusted models. RESULTS B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), creatine kinase, D-dimer and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T were significantly higher in the AF than non-AF group. BNP and NT-proBNP reached the predefined area under the curve level, 0.755 and 0.725 respectively. Optimal cut-off values were 33.5 ng/l for BNP and 87 ng/l for NT-proBNP. Regression analysis showed that NT-proBNP was a predictor of AF in both unadjusted (odds ratio 7.72, 95% confidence interval 3.16-18.87) and age- and sex-adjusted models (odds ratio 4.82, 95% confidence interval 1.79-12.96). CONCLUSION Several clinically established biomarkers were associated with AF. NT-proBNP performed best as AF predictor and could be used for selecting patients for long-term monitoring with ICMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tancin Lambert
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara Ratajczak-Tretel
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Riadh Al-Ani
- Department of Cardiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Vigdis Bjerkeli
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hege Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Baerum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway
| | | | - Henriette Johansen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Martin Kurz
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Nakstad
- Department of Neurology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Naess
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rehman Qazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mehdi Kallaj Rezai
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | | | - Jesper Sømark
- Department of Neurology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer Hospital, Lillehammer, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Tobro
- Department of Neurology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | | | - Lejla Wassvik
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Maiju Pesonen
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dan Atar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hege Aamodt
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almeida Cheminant K, Almela A, Aloisio R, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ammerman Yebra J, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Arnone E, Arteaga Velázquez JC, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Avocone E, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bhatta G, Biermann PL, Binet V, Bismark K, Bister T, Biteau J, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer J, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Brichetto Orchera PG, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Büsken M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Canfora F, Caracas I, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Correia Dos Santos D, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Palma F, de Souza V, De Vito E, Del Popolo A, Del Río M, Deligny O, Deval L, di Matteo A, Dobre M, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Domingues Mendes LM, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fitoussi T, Fodran T, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González JM, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Hamal P, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Janecek P, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Khakurdikar A, Kizakke Covilakam VV, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapp F, Kunka N, Lago BL, Langner N, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lu L, Luce Q, Lundquist JP, Machado Payeras A, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariani FM, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinelli S, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mayotte S, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morejon L, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nasr-Esfahani A, Nellen L, Nicora G, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Norwood I, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Oliveira C, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pawlowsky J, Pech M, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Pereira Martins EE, Perez Armand J, Pérez Bertolli C, Perrone L, Petrera S, Petrucci C, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Rossoni S, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saftoiu A, Saharan M, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer CM, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulte J, Schulz T, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Segreto A, Sehgal S, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Smau R, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Szadkowski Z, Tapia A, Taricco C, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torrès Z, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valore L, Varela E, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watanabe C, Watson AA, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L. Limits to Gauge Coupling in the Dark Sector Set by the Nonobservation of Instanton-Induced Decay of Super-Heavy Dark Matter in the Pierre Auger Observatory Data. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:061001. [PMID: 36827568 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Instantons, which are nonperturbative solutions to Yang-Mills equations, provide a signal for the occurrence of quantum tunneling between distinct classes of vacua. They can give rise to decays of particles otherwise forbidden. Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory, we search for signatures of such instanton-induced processes that would be suggestive of super-heavy particles decaying in the Galactic halo. These particles could have been produced during the post-inflationary epoch and match the relic abundance of dark matter inferred today. The nonobservation of the signatures searched for allows us to derive a bound on the reduced coupling constant of gauge interactions in the dark sector: α_{X}≲0.09, for 10^{9}≲M_{X}/GeV<10^{19}. Conversely, we obtain that, for instance, a reduced coupling constant α_{X}=0.09 excludes masses M_{X}≳3×10^{13} GeV. In the context of dark matter production from gravitational interactions alone, we illustrate how these bounds are complementary to those obtained on the Hubble rate at the end of inflation from the nonobservation of tensor modes in the cosmological microwave background.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Aloisio
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - J Ammerman Yebra
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G A Anastasi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - E Arnone
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - E Avocone
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - G Bhatta
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - V Binet
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - K Bismark
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Bister
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Brichetto Orchera
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Büsken
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Caruso
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - F de Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - A Del Popolo
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - L Deval
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Dobre
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - L M Domingues Mendes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fitoussi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Present address: Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - J Glombitza
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J M González
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N González
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Hamal
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Insolia
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Janecek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Khakurdikar
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - V V Kizakke Covilakam
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - F Knapp
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - N Langner
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - L Lu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Marafico
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - F M Mariani
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Martinelli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - S Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L Morejon
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Nasr-Esfahani
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - G Nicora
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - I Norwood
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - C Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J Pawlowsky
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pękala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México
| | | | - E E Pereira Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Perez Armand
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Pérez Bertolli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - S Petrera
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Petrucci
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - V Rizi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - J Rodriguez Rojo
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Rossoni
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Saharan
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - F Salamida
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C M Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - J Schulte
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Segreto
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - S Sehgal
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- Also at University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Smau
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Z Szadkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Taricco
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Z Torrès
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vink
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Watanabe
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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16
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Verdú M, Garrido JL, Alcántara JM, Montesinos-Navarro A, Aguilar S, Aizen MA, Al-Namazi AA, Alifriqui M, Allen D, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Armas C, Bastida JM, Bellido T, Bonanomi G, Paterno GB, Briceño H, de Oliveira RAC, Campoy JG, Chaieb G, Chu C, Collins SE, Condit R, Constantinou E, Degirmenci CÜ, Delalandre L, Duarte M, Faife M, Fazlioglu F, Fernando ES, Flores J, Flores-Olvera H, Fodor E, Ganade G, Garcia MB, García-Fayos P, Gavini SS, Goberna M, Gómez-Aparicio L, González-Pendás E, González-Robles A, Hubbell SP, İpekdal K, Jorquera MJ, Kikvidze Z, Kütküt P, Ledo A, Lendínez S, Li B, Liu H, Lloret F, López RP, López-García Á, Lortie CJ, Losapio G, Lutz JA, Luzuriaga AL, Máliš F, Manrique E, Manzaneda AJ, Marcilio-Silva V, Michalet R, Molina-Venegas R, Navarro-Cano JA, Novotny V, Olesen JM, Ortiz-Brunel JP, Pajares-Murgó M, Parissis N, Parker G, Perea AJ, Pérez-Hernández V, Pérez-Navarro MÁ, Pistón N, Pizarro-Carbonell E, Prieto I, Prieto-Rubio J, Pugnaire FI, Ramírez N, Retuerto R, Rey PJ, Rodriguez Ginart DA, Rodríguez-Sánchez M, Sánchez-Martín R, Schöb C, Tavşanoğlu Ç, Tedoradze G, Tercero-Araque A, Tielbörger K, Touzard B, Tüfekcioğlu İ, Turkis S, Usero FM, Usta N, Valiente-Banuet A, Vargas-Colin A, Vogiatzakis I, Zamora R. RecruitNet: A global database of plant recruitment networks. Ecology 2023; 104:e3923. [PMID: 36428233 PMCID: PMC10078134 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant recruitment interactions (i.e., what recruits under what) shape the composition, diversity, and structure of plant communities. Despite the huge body of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying recruitment interactions among species, we still know little about the structure of the recruitment networks emerging in ecological communities. Modeling and analyzing the community-level structure of plant recruitment interactions as a complex network can provide relevant information on ecological and evolutionary processes acting both at the species and ecosystem levels. We report a data set containing 143 plant recruitment networks in 23 countries across five continents, including temperate and tropical ecosystems. Each network identifies the species under which another species recruits. All networks report the number of recruits (i.e., individuals) per species. The data set includes >850,000 recruiting individuals involved in 118,411 paired interactions among 3318 vascular plant species across the globe. The cover of canopy species and open ground is also provided. Three sampling protocols were used: (1) The Recruitment Network (RN) protocol (106 networks) focuses on interactions among established plants ("canopy species") and plants in their early stages of recruitment ("recruit species"). A series of plots was delimited within a locality, and all the individuals recruiting and their canopy species were identified; (2) The paired Canopy-Open (pCO) protocol (26 networks) consists in locating a potential canopy plant and identifying recruiting individuals under the canopy and in a nearby open space of the same area; (3) The Georeferenced plot (GP) protocol (11 networks) consists in using information from georeferenced individual plants in large plots to infer canopy-recruit interactions. Some networks incorporate data for both herbs and woody species, whereas others focus exclusively on woody species. The location of each study site, geographical coordinates, country, locality, responsible author, sampling dates, sampling method, and life habits of both canopy and recruit species are provided. This database will allow researchers to test ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary hypotheses related to plant recruitment interactions. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set; please cite this data paper when using these data in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Moncada, Spain
| | - Jose L Garrido
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julio M Alcántara
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Salomón Aguilar
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panama, Panama
| | - Marcelo A Aizen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Ali A Al-Namazi
- Life Sciences & Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alifriqui
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - David Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panama, Panama.,Center for Conservation Ecology, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Cristina Armas
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain
| | - Jesús M Bastida
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Tono Bellido
- Servici Devesa-Albufera, Vivers Municipals de El Saler, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Gustavo B Paterno
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert Briceño
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain
| | - Ricardo A C de Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Josefina G Campoy
- Departamento de Biología Funcional (Ecología), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ghassen Chaieb
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Pessac, France
| | - Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sarah E Collins
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Moncada, Spain
| | - Richard Condit
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Elena Constantinou
- Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Cihan Ü Degirmenci
- Division of Ecology, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leo Delalandre
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Milen Duarte
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Michel Faife
- Jardín Botánico de Villa Clara, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central 'Marta Abreu' de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.,Bayreuth University (Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth), Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Edwino S Fernando
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines.,Department of Forest Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Joel Flores
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C., División de Ciencias Ambientales, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Hilda Flores-Olvera
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ecaterina Fodor
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Department of Forestry and Forest Engineering, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Gislene Ganade
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sabrina S Gavini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marta Goberna
- Department of Environment and Agronomy, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Gómez-Aparicio
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique González-Pendás
- Departamento de Investigaciones Botánicas, Centro de Investigaciones y Servicios Ambientales, ECOVIDA, Pinar del Río, Cuba
| | - Ana González-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panama, Panama.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - María J Jorquera
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain
| | - Zaal Kikvidze
- Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Pınar Kütküt
- Division of Ecology, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sandra Lendínez
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Buhang Li
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanlun Liu
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, U. Ecologia, Department of Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Ramiro P López
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Gianalberto Losapio
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James A Lutz
- Utah State University, Wildland Resources, Logan, Utah, USA
| | | | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | | | - Antonio J Manzaneda
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Vinicius Marcilio-Silva
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Rafael Molina-Venegas
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, GLOCEE - Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - José Antonio Navarro-Cano
- Department of Environment and Agronomy, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jens M Olesen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juan P Ortiz-Brunel
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - María Pajares-Murgó
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Nikolas Parissis
- Department of Agricultural Development, Management of Plant Production, Plant Protection and Environment, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Geoffrey Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Antonio J Perea
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Vidal Pérez-Hernández
- Departamento de Investigaciones Botánicas, Centro de Investigaciones y Servicios Ambientales, ECOVIDA, Pinar del Río, Cuba
| | - María Ángeles Pérez-Navarro
- CREAF, U. Ecologia, Department of Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Nuria Pistón
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Iván Prieto
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain.,Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Ecology Area, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Jorge Prieto-Rubio
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco I Pugnaire
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain
| | - Nelson Ramírez
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Biología Experimental, Centro Botánica Tropical, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rubén Retuerto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional (Ecología), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro J Rey
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mariana Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Schöb
- Department of Biology and Geology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Spain.,Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Çağatay Tavşanoğlu
- Division of Ecology, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giorgi Tedoradze
- Department of Plant Systematics and Geography, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Amanda Tercero-Araque
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Plant Ecology Group, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Blaise Touzard
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - İrem Tüfekcioğlu
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sevda Turkis
- Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Francisco M Usero
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain
| | - Nurbahar Usta
- Division of Ecology, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alfonso Valiente-Banuet
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Alexia Vargas-Colin
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C., División de Ciencias Ambientales, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzakis
- Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Regino Zamora
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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17
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Ratajczak-Tretel B, Tancin Lambert A, Al-Ani R, Arntzen K, Bakkejord GK, Bekkeseth HMO, Bjerkeli V, Eldøen G, Gulsvik A, Halvorsen B, Høie GA, Ihle-Hansen H, Ihle-Hansen H, Ingebrigtsen S, Johansen H, Kremer C, Krogseth SB, Kruuse C, Kurz M, Nakstad I, Novotny V, Næss H, Qazi R, Rezaj MK, Rørholt DM, Steffensen LH, Sømark J, Tobro H, Truelsen TC, Wassvik L, Ægidius KL, Atar D, Aamodt AH. Atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke and TIA patients in the nordic atrial fibrillation and stroke The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) Study: Main results. Eur Stroke J 2022; 8:148-156. [PMID: 37021182 PMCID: PMC10069172 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221123122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Secondary stroke prevention depends on proper identification of the underlying etiology and initiation of optimal treatment after the index event. The aim of the NOR-FIB study was to detect and quantify underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) using insertable cardiac monitor (ICM), to optimise secondary prevention, and to test the feasibility of ICM usage for stroke physicians. Patients and methods: Prospective observational international multicenter real-life study of CS and TIA patients monitored for 12 months with ICM (Reveal LINQ) for AF detection. Results: ICM insertion was performed in 91.5% by stroke physicians, within median 9 days after index event. Paroxysmal AF was diagnosed in 74 out of 259 patients (28.6%), detected early after ICM insertion (mean 48 ± 52 days) in 86.5% of patients. AF patients were older (72.6 vs 62.2; p < 0.001), had higher pre-stroke CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (median 3 vs 2; p < 0.001) and admission NIHSS (median 2 vs 1; p = 0.001); and more often hypertension ( p = 0.045) and dyslipidaemia ( p = 0.005) than non-AF patients. The arrhythmia was recurrent in 91.9% and asymptomatic in 93.2%. At 12-month follow-up anticoagulants usage was 97.3%. Discussion and conclusions: ICM was an effective tool for diagnosing underlying AF, capturing AF in 29% of the CS and TIA patients. AF was asymptomatic in most cases and would mainly have gone undiagnosed without ICM. The insertion and use of ICM was feasible for stroke physicians in stroke units.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ratajczak-Tretel
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Tancin Lambert
- Department of Neurology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Al-Ani
- Department of Cardiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - K Arntzen
- Department for Neurology, Nordlandssykehuset, Bodø, Norway
| | - GK Bakkejord
- Department for Neurology, Nordlandssykehuset, Bodø, Norway
| | - HMO Bekkeseth
- Department of Neurology, Lillehammer Hospital, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - V Bjerkeli
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Eldøen
- Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - A Gulsvik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - GA Høie
- Department of Cardiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - H Ihle-Hansen
- Ullevål, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway
| | - S Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Johansen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - SB Krogseth
- Department of Neurology, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - C Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M Kurz
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - I Nakstad
- Department of Neurology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - V Novotny
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Næss
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Qazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - MK Rezaj
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - DM Rørholt
- Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - LH Steffensen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Sømark
- Department of Neurology, Lillehammer Hospital, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Tobro
- Department of Neurology, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - TC Truelsen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Wassvik
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - KL Ægidius
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Atar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - AH Aamodt
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of neuromedicine and movement science, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Sivault E, Amick PK, Armstrong KN, Novotny V, Sam K. Species richness and assemblages of bats along a forest elevational transect in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Sivault
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Pita K. Amick
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biological Science Division University of Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Papua New Guinea
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
- Amick Environmental Consulting Mt Hagen Papua New Guinea
| | - Kyle N. Armstrong
- University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
- South Australian Museum Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sam
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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19
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Houska Tahadlova M, Mottl O, Jorge LR, Koane B, Novotny V, Sam K. Trophic cascades in tropical rainforests: Effects of vertebrate predator exclusion on arthropods and plants in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Houska Tahadlova
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Mottl
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Bonny Koane
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Katerina Sam
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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20
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Fontanilla AM, Aubona G, Sisol M, Kuukkanen I, Salminen JP, Miller SE, Holloway JD, Novotny V, Volf M, Segar ST. What Goes in Must Come Out? The Metabolic Profile of Plants and Caterpillars, Frass, And Adults of Asota (Erebidae: Aganainae) Feeding on Ficus (Moraceae) in New Guinea. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:718-729. [PMID: 35972714 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insect herbivores have evolved a broad spectrum of adaptations in response to the diversity of chemical defences employed by plants. Here we focus on two species of New Guinean Asota and determine how these specialist moths deal with the leaf alkaloids of their fig (Ficus) hosts. As each focal Asota species is restricted to one of three chemically distinct species of Ficus, we also test whether these specialized interactions lead to similar alkaloid profiles in both Asota species. We reared Asota caterpillars on their respective Ficus hosts in natural conditions and analyzed the alkaloid profiles of leaf, frass, caterpillar, and adult moth samples using UHPLC-MS/MS analyses. We identified 43 alkaloids in our samples. Leaf alkaloids showed various fates. Some were excreted in frass or found in caterpillars and adult moths. We also found two apparently novel indole alkaloids-likely synthesized de novo by the moths or their microbiota-in both caterpillar and adult tissue but not in leaves or frass. Overall, alkaloids unique or largely restricted to insect tissue were shared across moth species despite feeding on different hosts. This indicates that a limited number of plant compounds have a direct ecological function that is conserved among the studied species. Our results provide evidence for the importance of phytochemistry and metabolic strategies in the formation of plant-insect interactions and food webs in general. Furthermore, we provide a new potential example of insects acquiring chemicals for their benefit in an ecologically relevant insect genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Fontanilla
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gibson Aubona
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mentap Sisol
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Ilari Kuukkanen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Simon T Segar
- Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK.
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21
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Arribas P, Andújar C, Bohmann K, deWaard JR, Economo EP, Elbrecht V, Geisen S, Goberna M, Krehenwinkel H, Novotny V, Zinger L, Creedy TJ, Meramveliotakis E, Noguerales V, Overcast I, Morlon H, Papadopoulou A, Vogler AP, Emerson BC. Toward global integration of biodiversity big data: a harmonized metabarcode data generation module for terrestrial arthropods. Gigascience 2022; 11:6646445. [PMID: 35852418 PMCID: PMC9295367 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoan metabarcoding is emerging as an essential strategy for inventorying biodiversity, with diverse projects currently generating massive quantities of community-level data. The potential for integrating across such data sets offers new opportunities to better understand biodiversity and how it might respond to global change. However, large-scale syntheses may be compromised if metabarcoding workflows differ from each other. There are ongoing efforts to improve standardization for the reporting of inventory data. However, harmonization at the stage of generating metabarcode data has yet to be addressed. A modular framework for harmonized data generation offers a pathway to navigate the complex structure of terrestrial metazoan biodiversity. Here, through our collective expertise as practitioners, method developers, and researchers leading metabarcoding initiatives to inventory terrestrial biodiversity, we seek to initiate a harmonized framework for metabarcode data generation, with a terrestrial arthropod module. We develop an initial set of submodules covering the 5 main steps of metabarcode data generation: (i) sample acquisition; (ii) sample processing; (iii) DNA extraction; (iv) polymerase chain reaction amplification, library preparation, and sequencing; and (v) DNA sequence and metadata deposition, providing a backbone for a terrestrial arthropod module. To achieve this, we (i) identified key points for harmonization, (ii) reviewed the current state of the art, and (iii) distilled existing knowledge within submodules, thus promoting best practice by providing guidelines and recommendations to reduce the universe of methodological options. We advocate the adoption and further development of the terrestrial arthropod module. We further encourage the development of modules for other biodiversity fractions as an essential step toward large-scale biodiversity synthesis through harmonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Arribas
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmelo Andújar
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeremy R deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, N1G2W1 Guelph, Canada.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, N1G2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Vasco Elbrecht
- Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring (ZBM), Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig,D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Goberna
- Department of Environment and Agronomy, INIA-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Zinger
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.,Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Creedy
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, SW7 5BD London, UK
| | | | - Víctor Noguerales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Isaac Overcast
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alfried P Vogler
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, SW7 5BD London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Brent C Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
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22
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Romero GQ, Gonçalves-Souza T, Roslin T, Marquis RJ, Marino NAC, Novotny V, Cornelissen T, Orivel J, Sui S, Aires G, Antoniazzi R, Dáttilo W, Breviglieri CPB, Busse A, Gibb H, Izzo TJ, Kadlec T, Kemp V, Kersch-Becker M, Knapp M, Kratina P, Luke R, Majnarić S, Maritz R, Mateus Martins P, Mendesil E, Michalko J, Mrazova A, Novais S, Pereira CC, Perić MS, Petermann JS, Ribeiro SP, Sam K, Trzcinski MK, Vieira C, Westwood N, Bernaschini ML, Carvajal V, González E, Jausoro M, Kaensin S, Ospina F, Cristóbal-Pérez EJ, Quesada M, Rogy P, Srivastava DS, Szpryngiel S, Tack AJM, Teder T, Videla M, Viljur ML, Koricheva J. Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: A global experiment. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:3694-3710. [PMID: 35243726 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short- versus long-term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non-rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls' effect differed between long- and short-term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long-term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Q Romero
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gonçalves-Souza
- Laboratory of Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert J Marquis
- Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center, Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas A C Marino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Cornelissen
- Centre for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jerome Orivel
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRAE, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus agronomique, Kourou cedex, France
| | - Shen Sui
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Nagada Harbour, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Gustavo Aires
- Laboratory of Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Reuber Antoniazzi
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Crasso P B Breviglieri
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Annika Busse
- Department of Nature Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Heloise Gibb
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiago J Izzo
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brasil
| | - Tomas Kadlec
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Victoria Kemp
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Monica Kersch-Becker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michal Knapp
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Luke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Stefan Majnarić
- Faculty of Science, Department of biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robin Maritz
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Paulo Mateus Martins
- Laboratory of Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) [Federal Rural University of Pernambuco], Recife, Brazil
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Esayas Mendesil
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Jaroslav Michalko
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
- Mlynany Arboretum, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Mrazova
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Novais
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Cássio C Pereira
- Centre for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mirela S Perić
- Faculty of Science, Department of biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jana S Petermann
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sérvio P Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Ecoehalth, Ecology of Canopy Insects and Natural Succession, NUPEB-Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - M Kurtis Trzcinski
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Camila Vieira
- Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Natalie Westwood
- Dept. of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria L Bernaschini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valentina Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Ecologia, Grupo de Investigación en Ecosistemas Tropicales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Ezequiel González
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Mariana Jausoro
- Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, Chilecito, Spain
| | - Stanis Kaensin
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Nagada Harbour, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Fabiola Ospina
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - E Jacob Cristóbal-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Pierre Rogy
- Dept. of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Dept. of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scarlett Szpryngiel
- Department of Zoology, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiit Teder
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Videla
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mari-Liis Viljur
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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23
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Darwell CT, Souto‐Vilarós D, Michalek J, Boutsi S, Isua B, Sisol M, Kuyaiva T, Weiblen G, Křivan V, Novotny V, Segar ST. Predicting distributions of
Wolbachia
strains through host ecological contact—Who's manipulating whom? Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8826. [PMID: 35432921 PMCID: PMC9006231 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive isolation in response to divergent selection is often mediated via third‐party interactions. Under these conditions, speciation is inextricably linked to ecological context. We present a novel framework for understanding arthropod speciation as mediated by Wolbachia, a microbial endosymbiont capable of causing host cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). We predict that sympatric host sister‐species harbor paraphyletic Wolbachia strains that provide CI, while well‐defined congeners in ecological contact and recently diverged noninteracting congeners are uninfected due to Wolbachia redundancy. We argue that Wolbachia provides an adaptive advantage when coupled with reduced hybrid fitness, facilitating assortative mating between co‐occurring divergent phenotypes—the contact contingency hypothesis. To test this, we applied a predictive algorithm to empirical pollinating fig wasp data, achieving up to 91.60% accuracy. We further postulate that observed temporal decay of Wolbachia incidence results from adaptive host purging—adaptive decay hypothesis—but implementation failed to predict systematic patterns. We then account for post‐zygotic offspring mortality during CI mating, modeling fitness clines across developmental resources—the fecundity trade‐off hypothesis. This model regularly favored CI despite fecundity losses. We demonstrate that a rules‐based algorithm accurately predicts Wolbachia infection status. This has implications among other systems where closely related sympatric species encounter adaptive disadvantage through hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive T. Darwell
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Khlong Luang Thailand
| | - Daniel Souto‐Vilarós
- Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Michalek
- Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Sotiria Boutsi
- Agriculture & Environment Department Harper Adams University Newport UK
| | - Brus Isua
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Mentap Sisol
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Thomas Kuyaiva
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - George Weiblen
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology Bell Museum University of Minnesota Saint Paul Minnesota USA
| | - Vlastimil Křivan
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Simon T. Segar
- Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Agriculture & Environment Department Harper Adams University Newport UK
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24
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Szefer P, Molem K, Sau A, Novotny V. Weak effects of birds, bats, and ants on their arthropod prey on pioneering tropical forest gap vegetation. Ecology 2022; 103:e3690. [PMID: 35322403 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The relative roles of plants competing for resources versus top-down control of vegetation by herbivores, in turn impacted by predators, during early stages of tropical forest succession remain poorly understood. Here we examine the impact of insectivorous birds, bats and ants exclusion on arthropods communities on replicated 5x5 m of pioneering early successional vegetation plots in lowland tropical forest gaps in Papua New Guinea. In plots from which focal taxa of predators were excluded we observed increased biomass of herbivorous and predatory arthropods, and increased density, and decreased diversity of herbivorous insects. However, changes in the biomass of plants, herbivores and arthropod predators were positively correlated or uncorrelated between these three trophic levels and also between individual arthropod orders. Arthropod abundance and biomass correlated strongly with the plant biomass irrespective of the arthropods' trophic position - a signal of bottom-up control. Patterns in herbivore specialization confirm lack of a strong top-down control and were largely unaffected by the exclusion of insectivorous birds, bats and ants. No changes of plant-herbivore interaction networks were detected except for decrease in modularity of the exclosure plots. Our results suggest weak top-down control of herbivores, limited compensation between arthropod and vertebrate predators, and limited intra-guild predation by birds, bats and ants. Possible explanations are strong bottom-up control, a low activity of the higher order predators, especially birds, possibly also bats, in gaps, and continuous influx of herbivores from surrounding mature forest matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szefer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31a, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kenneth Molem
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, PO Box 604, Madang 511, Papua New Guinea
| | - Austin Sau
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, PO Box 604, Madang 511, Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31a, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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25
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Pereira CC, Novais S, Barbosa M, Negreiros D, Gonçalves‐Souza T, Roslin T, Marquis R, Marino N, Novotny V, Orivel J, Sui S, Aires G, Antoniazzi R, Dáttilo W, Breviglieri C, Busse A, Gibb H, Izzo T, Kadlec T, Kemp V, Kersch‐Becker M, Knapp M, Kratina P, Luke R, Majnarić S, Maritz R, Martins PM, Mendesil E, Michalko J, Mrazova A, Perić MS, Petermann J, Ribeiro S, Sam K, Trzcinski MK, Vieira C, Westwood N, Bernaschini M, Carvajal V, González E, Jausoro M, Kaensin S, Ospina F, Pérez JC, Quesada M, Rogy P, Srivastava DS, Szpryngiel S, Tack AJM, Teder T, Videla M, Viljur M, Koricheva J, Fernandes GW, Romero GQ, Cornelissen T. Subtle structures with not‐so‐subtle functions: A data set of arthropod constructs and their host plants. Ecology 2022; 103:e3639. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Cardoso Pereira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Samuel Novais
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya. , Xalapa Veracruz Mexico
| | - Milton Barbosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Daniel Negreiros
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza
- Laboratory of Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), 50710‐000, Recife‐Prince Edward Island Brazil
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Robert Marquis
- Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center and Department of Biology University of Missouri‐St. Louis, 1 University Boulevard St. Louis Missouri US
| | - Nicholas Marino
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; and Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Jerome Orivel
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus agronomique BP Kourou cedex France
| | - Shen Sui
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604, Nagada Harbour Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Gustavo Aires
- Laboratory of Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), 50710‐000, Recife‐Prince Edward Island Brazil
| | - Reuber Antoniazzi
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F. Austin State University, 419 East College St. Nacogdoches Texas US
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología A.C CP Veracruz Mexico
| | - Crasso Breviglieri
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083‐862, Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Annika Busse
- Bavarian Forest National Park Department of Nature Conservation and Research, Freyunger Str. 2 Grafenau Germany
| | - Heloise Gibb
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Thiago Izzo
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Montana Brazil
| | - Tomas Kadlec
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129 Prague ‐ Suchdol Czech Republic
| | - Victoria Kemp
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road London UK
| | | | - Michal Knapp
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129 Prague ‐ Suchdol Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road London UK
| | - Rebecca Luke
- Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - Stefan Majnarić
- Faculty of Science, Department of biology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Robin Maritz
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road Bellville South Africa
| | - Paulo Mateus Martins
- Laboratory of Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), 50710‐000, Recife‐Prince Edward Island Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 50710‐000, Recife‐PE, Brazil; and Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Esayas Mendesil
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences Jimma University, P.O. Box 307 Jimma Ethiopia
| | - Jaroslav Michalko
- The Biofood Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; and Mlynany Arboretum Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vieska nad Zitavou 178, 951 52 Slepcany Slovakia
| | - Anna Mrazova
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; and Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Mirela Sertić Perić
- Faculty of Science, Department of biology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jana Petermann
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34 Salzburg Austria
| | - Sérvio Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Ecohealth, Ecology of Canopy Insects and Natural Succession, Nupeb‐Ufop Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; and Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - M. Kurtis Trzcinski
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia, 3041 ‐ 2424 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Camila Vieira
- Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia MG Brazil
| | - Natalie Westwood
- Dept. of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Maria Bernaschini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611‐(X5016GCA), Córdoba Argentina
| | - Valentina Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Ecologia, Grupo de Investigación en Ecosistemas Tropicales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 # 26‐10 Manizales Colombia
| | - Ezequiel González
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129 Prague ‐ Suchdol Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Jausoro
- Departamento de Ciencias Basicas Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, Ruta Los Peregrinos s7n CP Chilecito Argentina
| | - Stanis Kaensin
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604, Nagada Harbour Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Fabiola Ospina
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 # Manizales Colombia
| | - Jacob Cristóbal Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia; and Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia; and Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - Pierre Rogy
- Dept. of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Diane S. Srivastava
- Dept. of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Scarlett Szpryngiel
- Department of Zoology The Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tiit Teder
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129 Prague ‐ Suchdol Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46 Tartu Estonia
| | - Martin Videla
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611‐(X5016GCA), Córdoba Argentina
| | - Mari‐Liis Viljur
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany; and Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46 Tartu Estonia
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
| | - G. Wilson Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083‐862, Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Tatiana Cornelissen
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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26
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Amick PK, Sam K, Drumo G, Toko PS, Novotny V. Bats can reach 3626 m a.s.l. in Papua New Guinea: altitudinal range extensions for six rainforest bat species. MAMMALIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2020-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bats represent an important, but poorly known component of mammal diversity in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Our surveys in two altitudinal rainforest gradients recorded 43 bat species of which six (Dobsonia minor, D. praedatrix, Hipposideros calcaratus, H. maggietaylorae, Miniopterus australis, Miniopterus sp.) fell outside of their known altitudinal ranges. This enlargement could reflect the lack of past sampling, or a genuine range extension, potentially in response to climate change. Our study highlights the importance of baseline data on the altitudinal distribution of vertebrates, including bats, in PNG for the monitoring of their response to climate change and anthropogenic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pita K. Amick
- Amick Environmental Consulting , PO Box 1179, WHP 281 , Mt. Hagen , Papua New Guinea
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre , PO Box 604 , Madang , Papua New Guinea
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology , Branisovska 31, 370 05 , Ceske Budejovice , Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science , Branisovska 1760, 370 05 , Ceske Budejovice , Czech Republic
| | - Gendio Drumo
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre , PO Box 604 , Madang , Papua New Guinea
| | - Pagi S. Toko
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre , PO Box 604 , Madang , Papua New Guinea
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology , Branisovska 31, 370 05 , Ceske Budejovice , Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science , Branisovska 1760, 370 05 , Ceske Budejovice , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre , PO Box 604 , Madang , Papua New Guinea
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology , Branisovska 31, 370 05 , Ceske Budejovice , Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science , Branisovska 1760, 370 05 , Ceske Budejovice , Czech Republic
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27
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Ihle-Hansen H, Sandset EC, Ihle-Hansen H, Hagberg G, Thommessen B, Rønning OM, Kvistad CE, Novotny V, Naess H, Waje-Andreassen U, Thomassen L, Logallo N. Sex differences in the Norwegian Tenecteplase Trial (NOR-TEST). Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:609-614. [PMID: 34564893 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sex differences in acute ischemic stroke is of increasing interest in the era of precision medicine. We aimed to explore sex disparities in baseline characteristics, management and outcomes in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis included in the Norwegian Tenecteplase trial (NOR-TEST). METHODS NOR-TEST was an open-label, randomized, blinded endpoint trial, performed from 2012 to 2016, comparing treatment with tenecteplase to treatment with alteplase within 4.5 h after acute ischemic stroke symptom onset. Sex differences at baseline, treatment and outcomes were compared using multivariable logistic regression models. Heterogeneity in treatment was evaluated by including an interaction term in the model. RESULTS Of 1100 patients enrolled, 40% were women, and in patients aged >80 years, the proportion of women was greater than men (19% vs. 14%; p = 0.02). Women had a lower burden of cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus (11% vs. 15%; p = 0.05) and a higher mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (1.7 ± 0.6 mmol/L vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L; p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of women had never smoked (45% vs. 33%; p < 0.001) compared with men. While there was no sex difference in time from onset of symptoms to admission, door to needle time or in-hospital workup, women were admitted with more severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score 6.2 ± 5.6 vs. 5.3 ± 5.1; p = 0.01). Stroke mimic diagnosis was more common in women (21% vs. 15%; p = 0.01). There were no significant sex differences in clinical outcome, measured by the NIHSS, the modified Rankin Scale, intracranial hemorrhage and mortality. CONCLUSION Women were underrepresented in number in NOR-TEST. The included women had a lower cardiovascular risk factor burden and more severe strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Else Charlotte Sandset
- Oslo Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway.,Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Oslo Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Guri Hagberg
- Department of Medicine, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Oslo Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Bente Thommessen
- Division of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ole Morten Rønning
- Division of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Elnan Kvistad
- Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Naess
- Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ulrike Waje-Andreassen
- Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Thomassen
- Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicola Logallo
- Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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28
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Tsivgoulis G, Katsanos AH, Eggers J, Larrue V, Thomassen L, Grotta JC, Seitidis G, Schellinger PD, Mavridis D, Demchuk A, Novotny V, Molina CA, Veroniki AA, Köhrmann M, Soinne L, Khanevski AN, Barreto AD, Saqqur M, Psaltopoulou T, Muir KW, Fiebach JB, Rothlisberger T, Kent TA, Mandava P, Alexandrov AW, Alexandrov AV. Sonothrombolysis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke With Large Vessel Occlusion: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2021; 52:3786-3795. [PMID: 34428930 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evidence about the utility of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis (sonothrombolysis) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sonothrombolysis in patients with AIS with large vessel occlusion, by analyzing individual patient data of available randomized-controlled clinical trials. METHODS We included all available randomized-controlled clinical trials comparing sonothrombolysis with or without addition of microspheres (treatment group) to intravenous thrombolysis alone (control group) in patients with AIS with large vessel occlusion. The primary outcome measure was the rate of complete recanalization at 1 to 36 hours following intravenous thrombolysis initiation. We present crude odds ratios (ORs) and ORs adjusted for the predefined variables of age, sex, baseline stroke severity, systolic blood pressure, and onset-to-treatment time. RESULTS We included 7 randomized controlled clinical trials that enrolled 1102 patients with AIS. A total of 138 and 134 confirmed large vessel occlusion patients were randomized to treatment and control groups respectively. Patients randomized to sonothrombolysis had increased odds of complete recanalization compared with patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis alone (40.3% versus 22.4%; OR, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.03-4.54]; adjusted OR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.02-5.34]). The likelihood of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was not significantly different between the 2 groups (7.3% versus 3.7%; OR, 2.03 [95% CI, 0.68-6.11]; adjusted OR, 2.55 [95% CI, 0.76-8.52]). No differences in the likelihood of asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, 3-month favorable functional and 3-month functional independence were documented. CONCLUSIONS Sonothrombolysis was associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in the odds of complete recanalization compared with intravenous thrombolysis alone in patients with AIS with large vessel occlusions. Further study of the safety and efficacy of sonothrombolysis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis (G.T., A.W.A., A.V.A.).,Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (G.T.)
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster University/Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada (A.H.K.)
| | - Jürgen Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (J.E.).,Department of Neurology, Sana Hospital Lübeck, Germany (J.E.)
| | - Vincent Larrue
- Department of Neurology, University of Toulouse, Hospital Pierre Paul Riquet, France (V.L.)
| | - Lars Thomassen
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (L.T.).,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway (L.T., V.N., A.N.K.)
| | - James C Grotta
- Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, Houston (J.C.G.)
| | - Georgios Seitidis
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, Greece (G.S., D.M.)
| | - Peter D Schellinger
- Departments of Neurology and Neurogeriatry, John Wesling Medical Center Minden, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (P.D.S.)
| | - Dimitris Mavridis
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, Greece (G.S., D.M.).,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, France (D.M.)
| | - Andrew Demchuk
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (A.D.).,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.D.)
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway (L.T., V.N., A.N.K.)
| | - Carlos A Molina
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M)
| | - Areti Angeliki Veroniki
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.A.V.).,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (A.A.V.)
| | - Martin Köhrmann
- Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Lauri Soinne
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki Finland (L.S.)
| | | | - Andrew D Barreto
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (A.D.B.)
| | - Maher Saqqur
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (M.S.).,Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (M.S.)
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (T.P.)
| | - Keith W Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, United Kingdom (K.W.M.)
| | - Jochen B Fiebach
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (J.B.F.)
| | | | - Thomas A Kent
- Texas A&M Health Science Center-Houston campus, University of Texas (T.A.K.).,Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX (T.A.K.)
| | - Pitchaiah Mandava
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX (P.M.).,Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (P.M.)
| | - Anne W Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis (G.T., A.W.A., A.V.A.)
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis (G.T., A.W.A., A.V.A.)
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29
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Novotny V, Miller SE, Hrcek J, Baje L, Basset Y, Lewis OT, Stewart AJA, Weiblen GD. Correction. Am Nat 2021; 198:438-439. [PMID: 34403321 DOI: 10.1086/715499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Novotny V, Aarli SJ, Netland Khanevski A, Bjerkreim AT, Elnan Kvistad C, Fromm A, Waje‐Andreassen U, Naess H, Thomassen L, Logallo N. Clinical manifestation of acute cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2296. [PMID: 34333856 PMCID: PMC8413735 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess frequencies and radiological aspects of single- and multiterritory clinical manifestation among patients with acute cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories (MACI). MATERIALS & METHODS We retrospectively reviewed admission records and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of patients with MACI admitted to our stroke unit between 2006 and 2017. MACI was defined as acute cerebral ischemic lesions in at least two out of three arterial cerebral territories, that is, the left anterior, right anterior and the bilateral posterior territory. Patients with single- and multiterritory clinical manifestation were then compared for topographical distribution of the ischemic lesions, the number of ischemic lesions, and The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification. RESULTS Out of 311 patients with MACI, 222 (71.4%) presented with single-territory clinical manifestation. Involvement of the left hemisphere (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.82), less than five ischemic lesions (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.97), and partial anterior circulation infarct clinical stroke syndrome (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.97) were associated with single-territory clinical manifestation. Involvement of all three territories (OR = 2.58, 95% = 1.48-4.50), more than 10 ischemic lesions (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.32-4.01) and total anterior circulation infarct clinical stroke syndrome (OR = 3.31, 95% CI 1.39-7.86) were associated with multiterritory clinical manifestation. CONCLUSION Most patients with MACI present with single-territory clinical manifestation on admission. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is therefore necessary for a definite diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novotny
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Sander Johan Aarli
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Anna Therese Bjerkreim
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Christopher Elnan Kvistad
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Annette Fromm
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | | | - Halvor Naess
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Centre for Age‐related MedicineStavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway
| | - Lars Thomassen
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Nicola Logallo
- Department of NeurosurgeryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
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31
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Basset Y, Jorge LR, Butterill PT, Lamarre GPA, Dahl C, Ctvrtecka R, Gripenberg S, Lewis OT, Barrios H, Brown JW, Bunyavejchewin S, Butcher BA, Cognato AI, Davies SJ, Kaman O, Klimes P, Knížek M, Miller SE, Morse GE, Novotny V, Pongpattananurak N, Pramual P, Quicke DLJ, Sakchoowong W, Umari R, Vesterinen EJ, Weiblen G, Wright SJ, Segar ST. Host specificity and interaction networks of insects feeding on seeds and fruits in tropical rainforests. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Basset
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., Apartado Balboa Ancon Panamá
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Maestria de Entomologia, Univ. de Panamá Panama City Republic of Panama
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Philip T. Butterill
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Greg P. A. Lamarre
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., Apartado Balboa Ancon Panamá
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Chris Dahl
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Richard Ctvrtecka
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Gripenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Reading Reading Berkshire UK
| | | | - Héctor Barrios
- Maestria de Entomologia, Univ. de Panamá Panama City Republic of Panama
| | - John W. Brown
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Inst. Washington DC USA
| | | | - Buntika A. Butcher
- Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Univ. Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Entomology: Bee Biology, Diversity of Insects and Mites, Chulalongkorn Univ. Pathumwan Bangkok Thailand
| | - Anthony I. Cognato
- Dept of Entomology, Michigan State Univ., Natural Science Bldg. East Lansing MI USA
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst. and National Museum of Natural History Washington USA
| | - Ondrej Kaman
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klimes
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Knížek
- Forestry and Game Management Research Inst. Strnady Jíloviště Czech Republic
| | - Scott E. Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Inst. Washington DC USA
| | | | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | | | - Pairot Pramual
- Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham Univ., Kantharawichai District Maha Sarakham Thailand
| | - Donald L. J. Quicke
- Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Chulalongkorn Univ. Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok Thailand
| | - Watana Sakchoowong
- Dept of National Parks, Forest Entomology Group, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Praholyothin Road Chatujak Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ruma Umari
- New Guinea Binatang Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Eero J. Vesterinen
- Dept of Biology and Biodiversity Unit, Univ. of Turku Turku Finland
- Dept of Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - George Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, Univ. of Minnesota, Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN USA
| | - S. Joseph Wright
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst. Balboa Ancon Panamá
| | - Simon T. Segar
- Agriculture and Environment Dept, Harper Adams Univ. Newport Shropshire UK
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32
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Lin Q, Baldrian P, Li L, Novotny V, Heděnec P, Kukla J, Umari R, Meszárošová L, Frouz J. Dynamics of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities During the Secondary Succession Following Swidden Agriculture IN Lowland Forests. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676251. [PMID: 34163452 PMCID: PMC8215787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating dynamics of soil microbial communities after disturbance is crucial for understanding ecosystem restoration and sustainability. However, despite the widespread practice of swidden agriculture in tropical forests, knowledge about microbial community succession in this system is limited. Here, amplicon sequencing was used to investigate effects of soil ages (spanning at least 60 years) after disturbance, geographic distance (from 0.1 to 10 km) and edaphic property gradients (soil pH, conductivity, C, N, P, Ca, Mg, and K), on soil bacterial and fungal communities along a chronosequence of sites representing the spontaneous succession following swidden agriculture in lowland forests in Papua New Guinea. During succession, bacterial communities (OTU level) as well as its abundant (OTU with relative abundance > 0.5%) and rare (<0.05%) subcommunities, showed less variation but more stage-dependent patterns than those of fungi. Fungal community dynamics were significantly associated only with geographic distance, whereas bacterial community dynamics were significantly associated with edaphic factors and geographic distance. During succession, more OTUs were consistently abundant (n = 12) or rare (n = 653) for bacteria than fungi (abundant = 6, rare = 5), indicating bacteria were more tolerant than fungi to environmental gradients. Rare taxa showed higher successional dynamics than abundant taxa, and rare bacteria (mainly from Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia) largely accounted for bacterial community development and niche differentiation during succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lin
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Praha, Czechia
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Praha, Czechia
| | - Lingjuan Li
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences and University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia.,New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Petr Heděnec
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Engineering Research Center of Soil Remediation of Fujian Province University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jaroslav Kukla
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Praha, Czechia
| | - Ruma Umari
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Lenka Meszárošová
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Praha, Czechia
| | - Jan Frouz
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Praha, Czechia
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33
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Lin Q, Dini-Andreote F, Li L, Umari R, Novotny V, Kukla J, Heděnec P, Frouz J. Soil microbial interconnections along ecological restoration gradients of lowland forests after slash-and-burn agriculture. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6253248. [PMID: 33899919 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial interconnections in soil are pivotal to ecosystem services and restoration. However, little is known about how soil microbial interconnections respond to slash-and-burn agriculture and to the subsequent ecosystem restoration after the practice. Here, we used amplicon sequencing and co-occurrence network analyses to explore the interconnections within soil bacterial and fungal communities in response to slash-and-burn practice and a spontaneous restoration (spanning ca. 60 years) of tropical forests after the practice, in Papua New Guinea. We found significantly higher complexity and greater variations in fungal networks than in those of bacteria, despite no significant changes observed in bacterial or fungal networks across successional stages. Within most successional stages, bacterial core co-occurrences (co-occurrences consistently present across all sub-networks in a stage) were more frequent than those of fungi, indicating higher stability of interconnections between bacteria along succession. The stable interconnections occurred frequently between bacterial taxa (i.e. Sporosarcina, Acidimicrobiale and Bacillaceae) and between ectomycorrhizal fungi (Boletaceae and Russula ochroleuca), implying important ecological roles of these taxa in the ecosystem restoration. Collectively, our results provide new insight into microbial interconnections in response to slash-and-burn agriculture and the subsequent ecosystem restoration, thus promoting a better understanding of microbial roles in ecosystem services and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lin
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology & SoWa Research Infrastructure, Na Sádkách 7, CZ, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12800, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 220 Wartik, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lingjuan Li
- Plant and Ecosystems Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ruma Umari
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Nagada Harbour, North Coast Road, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Nagada Harbour, North Coast Road, Madang, Papua New Guinea.,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences & University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kukla
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12800, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Heděnec
- Faculty of Science, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan Frouz
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology & SoWa Research Infrastructure, Na Sádkách 7, CZ, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12800, Praha 2, Czech Republic
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34
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Zhong Y, Chu C, Myers JA, Gilbert GS, Lutz JA, Stillhard J, Zhu K, Thompson J, Baltzer JL, He F, LaManna JA, Davies SJ, Aderson-Teixeira KJ, Burslem DF, Alonso A, Chao KJ, Wang X, Gao L, Orwig DA, Yin X, Sui X, Su Z, Abiem I, Bissiengou P, Bourg N, Butt N, Cao M, Chang-Yang CH, Chao WC, Chapman H, Chen YY, Coomes DA, Cordell S, de Oliveira AA, Du H, Fang S, Giardina CP, Hao Z, Hector A, Hubbell SP, Janík D, Jansen PA, Jiang M, Jin G, Kenfack D, Král K, Larson AJ, Li B, Li X, Li Y, Lian J, Lin L, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu Y, Luan F, Luo Y, Ma K, Malhi Y, McMahon SM, McShea W, Memiaghe H, Mi X, Morecroft M, Novotny V, O’Brien MJ, Ouden JD, Parker GG, Qiao X, Ren H, Reynolds G, Samonil P, Sang W, Shen G, Shen Z, Song GZM, Sun IF, Tang H, Tian S, Uowolo AL, Uriarte M, Wang B, Wang X, Wang Y, Weiblen GD, Wu Z, Xi N, Xiang W, Xu H, Xu K, Ye W, Yu M, Zeng F, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zimmerman JK. Arbuscular mycorrhizal trees influence the latitudinal beta-diversity gradient of tree communities in forests worldwide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3137. [PMID: 34035260 PMCID: PMC8149669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations are critical for host-tree performance. However, how mycorrhizal associations correlate with the latitudinal tree beta-diversity remains untested. Using a global dataset of 45 forest plots representing 2,804,270 trees across 3840 species, we test how AM and EcM trees contribute to total beta-diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) of all trees. We find AM rather than EcM trees predominantly contribute to decreasing total beta-diversity and turnover and increasing nestedness with increasing latitude, probably because wide distributions of EcM trees do not generate strong compositional differences among localities. Environmental variables, especially temperature and precipitation, are strongly correlated with beta-diversity patterns for both AM trees and all trees rather than EcM trees. Results support our hypotheses that latitudinal beta-diversity patterns and environmental effects on these patterns are highly dependent on mycorrhizal types. Our findings highlight the importance of AM-dominated forests for conserving global forest biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Zhong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Chengjin Chu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - James A. Lutz
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA
| | - Jonas Stillhard
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Resources and Management, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kai Zhu
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- grid.494924.6UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Bush Estate, Midlothian, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Baltzer
- grid.268252.90000 0001 1958 9263Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Fangliang He
- grid.17089.37Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University, ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Joseph A. LaManna
- grid.259670.f0000 0001 2369 3143Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kristina J. Aderson-Teixeira
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.419531.bConservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA USA
| | - David F.R.P. Burslem
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- grid.467700.20000 0001 2182 2028Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kuo-Jung Chao
- International Master Program of Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, https://www.nchu.edu.tw/en-index
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.iae.cas.cn/
| | - Lianming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.kib.cas.cn/
| | - David A. Orwig
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA USA
| | - Xue Yin
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Xinghua Sui
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Zhiyao Su
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, https://english.scau.edu.cn/
| | - Iveren Abiem
- grid.412989.f0000 0000 8510 4538Department of Plant Science and Technology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria ,The Nigerian Montane Forest Project, Taraba State, Nigeria ,grid.21006.350000 0001 2179 4063School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Pulchérie Bissiengou
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Norm Bourg
- grid.419531.bConservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA USA
| | - Nathalie Butt
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.xtbg.cas.cn/
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- grid.412036.20000 0004 0531 9758Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Wei-Chun Chao
- grid.412046.50000 0001 0305 650XDepartment of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University,
| | - Hazel Chapman
- grid.21006.350000 0001 2179 4063School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yu-Yun Chen
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University,
| | - David A. Coomes
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Cordell
- grid.497404.a0000 0001 0662 4365Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii USA
| | - Alexandre A. de Oliveira
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Hu Du
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.isa.cas.cn/
| | - Suqin Fang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Christian P. Giardina
- grid.497404.a0000 0001 0662 4365Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii USA
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, http://en.nwpu.edu.cn/
| | - Andrew Hector
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen P. Hubbell
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - David Janík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick A. Jansen
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mingxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.wbg.cas.cn/
| | - Guangze Jin
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, http://en.nefu.edu.cn/
| | - David Kenfack
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.453560.10000 0001 2192 7591Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J. Larson
- grid.253613.00000 0001 2192 5772Wilderness Institute and Department of Forest Management, University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA
| | - Buhang Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Xiankun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.gxib.cn/
| | - Yide Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, http://ritf.caf.ac.cn/
| | - Juyu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.scbg.ac.cn/
| | - Luxiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.xtbg.cas.cn/
| | - Feng Liu
- The Administrative Bureau of Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve, http://www.xsbn.gov.cn/nbhbhq/nbhbhq.dhtml
| | - Yankun Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Forestry Ecological Engineering, Heilongjiang Forestry Engineering and Environment Institute, http://www.hljifee.org.cn/
| | - Yu Liu
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University, ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Fuchen Luan
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve, https://cbl.elab.cnic.cn/
| | - Yahuang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.kib.cas.cn/
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.ib.cas.cn/
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean M. McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.419533.90000 0000 8612 0361Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD USA
| | - William McShea
- grid.419531.bConservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA USA
| | - Hervé Memiaghe
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.ib.cas.cn/
| | - Mike Morecroft
- grid.238406.b0000 0001 2331 9653Natural England, York, UK
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- grid.447761.70000 0004 0396 9503Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology and the University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovicve, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J. O’Brien
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan den Ouden
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geoffrey G. Parker
- grid.419533.90000 0000 8612 0361Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD USA
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.wbg.cas.cn/
| | - Haibao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.ib.cas.cn/
| | - Glen Reynolds
- Southeast Asia Rainforest Research Partnership, Danum Valley Field Centre, Lahad Datu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Pavel Samonil
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Weiguo Sang
- grid.411077.40000 0004 0369 0529College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China,
| | - Guochun Shen
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Guo-Zhang Michael Song
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University,
| | - I-Fang Sun
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University,
| | - Hui Tang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Songyan Tian
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Forestry Ecological Engineering, Heilongjiang Forestry Engineering and Environment Institute, http://www.hljifee.org.cn/
| | - Amanda L. Uowolo
- grid.497404.a0000 0001 0662 4365Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii USA
| | - María Uriarte
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.gxib.cn/
| | - Xihua Wang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Youshi Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - George D. Weiblen
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve, https://cbl.elab.cnic.cn/
| | - Nianxun Xi
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
| | - Wusheng Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.gxib.cn/
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, http://ritf.caf.ac.cn/
| | - Kun Xu
- Yunnan Lijiang Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Instituted of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.kib.cas.cn/
| | - Wanhui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.scbg.ac.cn/
| | - Mingjian Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/
| | - Fuping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.isa.cas.cn/
| | - Minhua Zhang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University, ,grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University,
| | - Yingming Zhang
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve, https://cbl.elab.cnic.cn/
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, http://english.ib.cas.cn/
| | - Jess K. Zimmerman
- grid.267033.30000 0004 0462 1680Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR USA
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35
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Hazell RJ, Chmel K, Riegert J, Paul L, Isua B, Kaina GS, Fibich P, Molem K, Stewart AJA, Peck MR, Weiblen GD, Novotny V. Spatial scaling of plant and bird diversity from 50 to 10,000 ha in a lowland tropical rainforest. Oecologia 2021; 196:101-113. [PMID: 33950380 PMCID: PMC8139934 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While there are numerous studies of diversity patterns both within local communities and at regional scales, the intermediate scale of tens to thousands of km2 is often neglected. Here we present detailed local data on plant communities (using 20 × 20 m plots) and bird communities (using point counts) for a 50 ha ForestGEO plot in lowland rainforest at Wanang, Papua New Guinea. We compare these local diversity patterns with those documented in the surrounding 10,000 ha of lowland rainforest. Woody plant species richness was lower within 50 ha (88% of 10,000 ha richness), even when both were surveyed with identical sampling effort. In contrast, bird communities exhibited identical species accumulation patterns at both spatial scales. Similarity in species composition (Chao-Jaccard) remained constant while similarity in dominance structure (Bray–Curtis) decreased with increased distance between samples across the range from < 1 to 13.8 km for both plant and bird communities. The similarity decay was more rapid in plants, but in both cases was slow. The results indicate low to zero beta-diversity at the spatial scale represented here, particularly for birds but also for woody plants. A 50 ha plot provided a highly accurate representation of broader-scale diversity and community composition within 10,000 ha for birds, and a relatively good representation for woody plants. This suggests potential for wider generalization of data from ForestGEO plots which are almost always locally unreplicated, at least for those in lowland tropical forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Hazell
- Department of Evolution, Behaviour and Environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Kryštof Chmel
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Riegert
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Luda Paul
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Brus Isua
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Graham S Kaina
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Papua New Guinea Forest Research Institute, Lae, Morobe, Papua New Guinea
| | - Pavel Fibich
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kenneth Molem
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Alan J A Stewart
- Department of Evolution, Behaviour and Environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Mika R Peck
- Department of Evolution, Behaviour and Environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - George D Weiblen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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36
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz RJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Bister T, Biteau J, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caracas I, Carceller JM, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Choi K, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Souza V, De Vito E, Debatin J, Del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Matteo A, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fodran T, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Halliday R, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp J, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Köpke M, Kukec Mezek G, Lago BL, LaHurd D, Lang RG, Langner N, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Lundquist JP, Machado Payeras A, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nellen L, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Perez Armand J, Perlin M, Perrone L, Petrera S, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer CM, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schröder S, Schulte J, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, Varela E, Varma K C V, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A. Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:152002. [PMID: 33929235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.152002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - R J Barreira Luz
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K H Becker
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bister
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - T Bretz
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J M Carceller
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - R Caruso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Choi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - M R Coluccia
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V de Souza
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - H Dembinski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Dhital
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Giller
- Faculty of Astrophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Glombitza
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Halliday
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kemp
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Köpke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - R G Lang
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Langner
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - R Lorek
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Machado Payeras
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Marafico
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K-D Merenda
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
| | | | - J Perez Armand
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Perlin
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Petrera
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - J Rodriguez Rojo
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Salamida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - C M Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Schulte
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - J Souchard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Suárez-Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Šupík
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Taboada
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - M Trini
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J F Valdés Galicia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - I Valiño
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - V Varma K C
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vink
- Faculty of Science, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Wirtz
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, México
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Arribas P, Andújar C, Bidartondo MI, Bohmann K, Coissac É, Creer S, deWaard JR, Elbrecht V, Ficetola GF, Goberna M, Kennedy S, Krehenwinkel H, Leese F, Novotny V, Ronquist F, Yu DW, Zinger L, Creedy TJ, Meramveliotakis E, Noguerales V, Overcast I, Morlon H, Vogler AP, Papadopoulou A, Emerson BC. Connecting high-throughput biodiversity inventories: Opportunities for a site-based genomic framework for global integration and synthesis. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1120-1135. [PMID: 33432777 PMCID: PMC7986105 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is increasingly being used for the characterization and monitoring of biodiversity. If applied in a structured way, across broad geographical scales, it offers the potential for a much deeper understanding of global biodiversity through the integration of massive quantities of molecular inventory data generated independently at local, regional and global scales. The universality, reliability and efficiency of HTS data can potentially facilitate the seamless linking of data among species assemblages from different sites, at different hierarchical levels of diversity, for any taxonomic group and regardless of prior taxonomic knowledge. However, collective international efforts are required to optimally exploit the potential of site-based HTS data for global integration and synthesis, efforts that at present are limited to the microbial domain. To contribute to the development of an analogous strategy for the nonmicrobial terrestrial domain, an international symposium entitled "Next Generation Biodiversity Monitoring" was held in November 2019 in Nicosia (Cyprus). The symposium brought together evolutionary geneticists, ecologists and biodiversity scientists involved in diverse regional and global initiatives using HTS as a core tool for biodiversity assessment. In this review, we summarize the consensus that emerged from the 3-day symposium. We converged on the opinion that an effective terrestrial Genomic Observatories network for global biodiversity integration and synthesis should be spatially led and strategically united under the umbrella of the metabarcoding approach. Subsequently, we outline an HTS-based strategy to collectively build an integrative framework for site-based biodiversity data generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Arribas
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA‐CSIC)San Cristóbal de la LagunaSpain
| | - Carmelo Andújar
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA‐CSIC)San Cristóbal de la LagunaSpain
| | - Martin I. Bidartondo
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Comparative Plant and Fungal BiologyRoyal Botanic GardensLondonUK
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Éric Coissac
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont BlancLECA, Laboratoire d’Ecologie AlpineGrenobleFrance
| | - Simon Creer
- School of Natural SciencesBangor UniversityGwyneddUK
| | - Jeremy R. deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity GenomicsUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Vasco Elbrecht
- Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring (ZBM)Zoological Research Museum Alexander KoenigBonnGermany
| | - Gentile F. Ficetola
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont BlancLECA, Laboratoire d’Ecologie AlpineGrenobleFrance
- Department of Environmental Sciences and PolicyUniversity of MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Marta Goberna
- Department of Environment and AgronomyINIAMadridSpain
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOnna‐sonJapan
- Department of BiogeographyTrier UniversityTrierGermany
| | | | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Institute of EntomologyCzech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Fredrik Ronquist
- Department of Bioinformatics and GeneticsSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | - Douglas W. Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Lucie Zinger
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERMUniversité PSLParisFrance
| | | | | | | | - Isaac Overcast
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERMUniversité PSLParisFrance
- Division of Vertebrate ZoologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkUSA
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERMUniversité PSLParisFrance
| | - Alfried P. Vogler
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | | | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA‐CSIC)San Cristóbal de la LagunaSpain
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Zahra S, Novotny V, Fayle TM. Do Reverse Janzen-Connell Effects Reduce Species Diversity? Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:387-390. [PMID: 33653581 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Host-specific natural enemies limit the abundance of common species. This can increase host community diversity, since no single species dominates, and is known as the 'Janzen-Connell effect.' Evidence is now accumulating that host-specific mutualists can increase abundances of particular host species, hence reducing community diversity, comprising a 'reverse Janzen-Connell effect.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafia Zahra
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31a, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31a, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tom M Fayle
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Moses J, Fayle TM, Novotny V, Klimes P. Elevation and leaf litter interact in determining the structure of ant communities on a tropical mountain. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Moses
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Tom M. Fayle
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Petr Klimes
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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Ahmed HK, Logallo N, Thomassen L, Novotny V, Mathisen SM, Kurz MW. Clinical outcomes and safety profile of Tenecteplase in wake-up stroke. Acta Neurol Scand 2020; 142:475-479. [PMID: 32511749 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenecteplase has probably pharmacological and clinical advantages in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. There are lacking data about safety and efficacy of tenecteplase in wake-up stroke (WUPS). AIMS To investigate safety and efficacy of tenecteplase compared to alteplase in WUPS patients included in NOR-TEST. METHODS WUPS patients in NOR-TEST were included in the study based on DWI-FLAIR mismatch. Included patients randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous tenecteplase 0.4 mg/kg (to a maximum of 40 mg) or alteplase 0.9 mg/kg (to a maximum of 90 mg). Neurological improvement was defined as 1) favorable functional outcome at 90 days modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0 or 1 and 2) neurological improvement measured with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 4 points within 24 hours as compared to admission NIHSS or NIHSS 0 at 24 hours. RESULTS Of 1100 patients from 13 stroke centers included in NOR-TEST, 45 were WUPS patients. Of these, 5 patients were stroke mimics and excluded. Of the remaining 40 patients (3.6%), 24 were treated with alteplase (60%). There was no difference in the number of patients achieving a good clinical outcome (mRS 0-1) in either treatment group. Patients treated with tenecteplase showed a better early neurological improvement (87.5% vs 54.2%, P = 0.027). No ICH was detected on MRI/CT 24-28 hours after thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS In WUPS patients treated in NOR-TEST, there was no difference in clinical outcomes at 90 days and no ICH events or deaths were observed in either alteplase- or tenecteplase-treated patients. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01949948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Khan Ahmed
- Department of Neurology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
- Neuroscience Research Group Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
| | - Nicola Logallo
- Department of Neurosurgery Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Center for Neurovascular Diseases Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Lars Thomassen
- Center for Neurovascular Diseases Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Department of Neurology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Center for Neurovascular Diseases Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Sara M. Mathisen
- Department of Neurology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
- Neuroscience Research Group Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
| | - Martin W. Kurz
- Department of Neurology Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
- Neuroscience Research Group Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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Middleton J, Abdad MY, Beauchamp E, Colthart G, Cooper MJF, Dem F, Fairhead J, Grundy CL, Head MG, Inacio J, Jimbudo M, Jones CI, Konecna M, Laman M, MacGregor H, Novotny V, Peck M, Paliau J, Philip J, Pomat W, Roberts CH, Sui S, Stewart AJ, Walker SL, Cassell JA. Health service needs and perspectives of remote forest communities in Papua New Guinea: study protocol for combined clinical and rapid anthropological assessments with parallel treatment of urgent cases. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041784. [PMID: 33130572 PMCID: PMC7733180 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our project follows community requests for health service incorporation into conservation collaborations in the rainforests of Papua New Guinea (PNG). This protocol is for health needs assessments, our first step in coplanning medical provision in communities with no existing health data. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study includes clinical assessments and rapid anthropological assessment procedures (RAP) exploring the health needs and perspectives of partner communities in two areas, conducted over 6 weeks fieldwork. First, in Wanang village (population c.200), which is set in lowland rainforest. Second, in six communities (population c.3000) along an altitudinal transect up the highest mountain in PNG, Mount Wilhelm. Individual primary care assessments incorporate physical examinations and questioning (providing qualitative and quantitative data) while RAP includes focus groups, interviews and field observations (providing qualitative data). Given absence of in-community primary care, treatments are offered alongside research activity but will not form part of the study. Data are collected by a research fellow, primary care clinician and two PNG research technicians. After quantitative and qualitative analyses, we will report: ethnoclassifications of disease, causes, symptoms and perceived appropriate treatment; community rankings of disease importance and service needs; attitudes regarding health service provision; disease burdens and associations with altitudinal-related variables and cultural practices. To aid wider use study tools are in online supplemental file, and paper and ODK versions are available free from the corresponding author. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Challenges include supporting informed consent in communities with low literacy and diverse cultures, moral duties to provide treatment alongside research in medically underserved areas while minimising risks of therapeutic misconception and inappropriate inducement, and PNG research capacity building. Brighton and Sussex Medical School (UK), PNG Institute of Medical Research and PNG Medical Research Advisory Committee have approved the study. Dissemination will be via journals, village meetings and plain language summaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Middleton
- Primary Care and Public Health, and NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
- Evolution, behaviour and environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Mohammad Yazid Abdad
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka/Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Emilie Beauchamp
- International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK
| | - Gavin Colthart
- Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
- Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, North Queensland, Australia
| | - Maxwell J F Cooper
- Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Francesca Dem
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | - James Fairhead
- Anthropology, School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Caroline L Grundy
- Sussex Sustainability Research Programme, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Michael G Head
- Faculty of Medicine and Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joao Inacio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mavis Jimbudo
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Martina Konecna
- Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Moses Laman
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka/Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Vojtech Novotny
- Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Ecology, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mika Peck
- Evolution, behaviour and environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Jason Paliau
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jonah Philip
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | - Willie Pomat
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka/Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Chrissy H Roberts
- Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shen Sui
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | - Alan J Stewart
- Evolution, behaviour and environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Stephen L Walker
- Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases and Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jackie A Cassell
- Primary Care and Public Health, and NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz RJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Bister T, Biteau J, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Calcagni L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caracas I, Carceller JM, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Choi K, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Souza V, De Vito E, Debatin J, Del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Díaz Castro ML, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dorosti Q, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fodran T, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Halliday R, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp J, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Köpke M, Kukec Mezek G, Lago BL, LaHurd D, Lang RG, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Machado Payeras A, Malacari M, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mockler D, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nellen L, Nguyen PH, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Panetta MP, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Perez Armand J, Perlin M, Perrone L, Peters C, Petrera S, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Fernandez G, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer C, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schröder S, Schulz A, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Villaseñor L, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:121106. [PMID: 33016715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV based on 215 030 events. New results are presented: at about 1.3×10^{19} eV, the spectral index changes from 2.51±0.03(stat)±0.05(syst) to 3.05±0.05(stat)±0.10(syst), evolving to 5.1±0.3(stat)±0.1(syst) beyond 5×10^{19} eV, while no significant dependence of spectral features on the declination is seen in the accessible range. These features of the spectrum can be reproduced in models with energy-dependent mass composition. The energy density in cosmic rays above 5×10^{18} eV is [5.66±0.03(stat)±1.40(syst)]×10^{53} erg Mpc^{-3}.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - R J Barreira Luz
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K H Becker
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bister
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A Blanco
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Calcagni
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J M Carceller
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - R Caruso
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - K Choi
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M R Coluccia
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - H Dembinski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Dhital
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - C Di Giulio
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - M L Díaz Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Q Dorosti
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- now at Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Giller
- University of Łódź, Faculty of Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Glombitza
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Halliday
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kemp
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Köpke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R G Lang
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - R Lorek
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Malacari
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - S Marafico
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - P H Nguyen
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - M P Panetta
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México
| | | | - J Perez Armand
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Perlin
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C Peters
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Petrera
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - G Rodriguez Fernandez
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Salamida
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - J Souchard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Suárez-Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Šupík
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
| | - A Taboada
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - M Trini
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Urban
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - I Valiño
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - A van Vliet
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Villaseñor
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J Vink
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Wirtz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, D.F., México
| | - M Ziolkowski
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Zuccarello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
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43
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Mottl O, Fibich P, Klimes P, Volf M, Tropek R, Anderson-Teixeira K, Auga J, Blair T, Butterill P, Carscallen G, Gonzalez-Akre E, Goodman A, Kaman O, Lamarre GPA, Libra M, Losada ME, Manumbor M, Miller SE, Molem K, Nichols G, Plowman NS, Redmond C, Seifert CL, Vrana J, Weiblen GD, Novotny V. Spatial covariance of herbivorous and predatory guilds of forest canopy arthropods along a latitudinal gradient. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1499-1510. [PMID: 32808457 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In arthropod community ecology, species richness studies tend to be prioritised over those investigating patterns of abundance. Consequently, the biotic and abiotic drivers of arboreal arthropod abundance are still relatively poorly known. In this cross-continental study, we employ a theoretical framework in order to examine patterns of covariance among herbivorous and predatory arthropod guilds. Leaf-chewing and leaf-mining herbivores, and predatory ants and spiders, were censused on > 1000 trees in nine 0.1 ha forest plots. After controlling for tree size and season, we found no negative pairwise correlations between guild abundances per plot, suggestive of weak signals of both inter-guild competition and top-down regulation of herbivores by predators. Inter-guild interaction strengths did not vary with mean annual temperature, thus opposing the hypothesis that biotic interactions intensify towards the equator. We find evidence for the bottom-up limitation of arthropod abundances via resources and abiotic factors, rather than for competition and predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Mottl
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pavel Fibich
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klimes
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, DE, Germany
| | - Robert Tropek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Anderson-Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA.,Center for Tropical Forest Science- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - John Auga
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Thomas Blair
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Phil Butterill
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Grace Carscallen
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Erika Gonzalez-Akre
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Aaron Goodman
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Ondrej Kaman
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Greg P A Lamarre
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic.,Center for Tropical Forest Science- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - Martin Libra
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Maria E Losada
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Markus Manumbor
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenneth Molem
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Geoffrey Nichols
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Nichola S Plowman
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Conor Redmond
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo L Seifert
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrana
- The Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - George D Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
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45
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Sam K, Koane B, Sam L, Mrazova A, Segar S, Volf M, Moos M, Simek P, Sisol M, Novotny V. Insect herbivory and herbivores of
Ficus
species along a rain forest elevational gradient in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Bonny Koane
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Legi Sam
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Anna Mrazova
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Simon Segar
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Department of Crop and Environment Sciences Harper Adams University Edgmond UK
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Molecular Interaction Ecology Group German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Simek
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Mentap Sisol
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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46
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Souto‐Vilarós D, Houadria M, Michalek J, Sisol M, Isua B, Kuyaiva T, Weiblen GD, Novotny V, Segar ST. Contrasting patterns of fig wasp communities along Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souto‐Vilarós
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology South Bohemia Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia South Bohemia Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Mickal Houadria
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology South Bohemia Czech Republic
| | - Jan Michalek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology South Bohemia Czech Republic
| | - Mentap Sisol
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Brus Isua
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Thomas Kuyaiva
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - George D. Weiblen
- Institute on the Environment University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology South Bohemia Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia South Bohemia Czech Republic
| | - Simon T. Segar
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology South Bohemia Czech Republic
- Department of Crop and Environment Sciences Harper Adams University New Port UK
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47
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Segar ST, Fayle TM, Srivastava DS, Lewinsohn TM, Lewis OT, Novotny V, Kitching RL, Maunsell SC. The Role of Evolution in Shaping Ecological Networks. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:454-466. [PMID: 32294426 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The structure of ecological networks reflects the evolutionary history of their biotic components, and their dynamics are strongly driven by ecoevolutionary processes. Here, we present an appraisal of recent relevant research, in which the pervasive role of evolution within ecological networks is manifest. Although evolutionary processes are most evident at macroevolutionary scales, they are also important drivers of local network structure and dynamics. We propose components of a blueprint for further research, emphasising process-based models, experimental evolution, and phenotypic variation, across a range of distinct spatial and temporal scales. Evolutionary dimensions are required to advance our understanding of foundational properties of community assembly and to enhance our capability of predicting how networks will respond to impending changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Segar
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Science, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Crop and Environment Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK.
| | - Tom M Fayle
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Science, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation,Universiti Malaysia Sabah,Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Thomas M Lewinsohn
- Departamento Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-870, São Paulo, Brazil; Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin 14193, Germany
| | - Owen T Lewis
- Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Science, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roger L Kitching
- Environmental Futures Research Institute,Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sarah C Maunsell
- Department of Organismic and EvolutionaryBiology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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48
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Tsivgoulis G, Katsanos AH, Eggers J, Larrue V, Thomassen L, Grotta JC, Mavridis D, Schellinger PD, Seitidis G, Demchuk A, Novotny V, Molina C, Veroniki AA, Köhrmann M, Soinne L, Khanevski AN, Barreto AD, Saqqur M, Psaltopoulou T, Muir KW, Fiebach JB, Rothlisberger T, Kent T, Mandava P, Alexandrov AW, Alexandrov AV. Abstract 106: Safety and Efficacy of Sonothrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion: International Collaborative Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Conflicting evidence has been published regarding the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis (sonothrombolysis) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO).
Methods:
We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing sonothrombolysis with or without addition of microspheres (treatment group) to intravenous thrombolysis alone (control group) in AIS patients with LVO.
Results:
We included 6 in total RCTs that enrolled 1077 AIS patients. A total of 138 and 134 confirmed LVO patients were randomized to treatment and control groups respectively (median age 68 years, 58% men, median baseline NIHSS score 16). Patients randomized to sonothrombolysis had increased odds of complete recanalization compared to patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis alone (40.3% vs. 22.4%; OR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.05-5.02; adjusted OR=2.33, 95%CI: 1.02-5.34). They also tended to have increased odds of any (complete or partial recanalization (66.4% vs. 53.0%; OR=1.78, 95%CI: 0.95-3.33; adjusted OR=1.85, 95%CI: 0.97-3.53). The likelihood of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage did not differ between the two groups (7.3% vs. 3.7%, OR=2.52, 95%CI: 0.77-8.29; adjusted OR=2.55, 95%CI: 0.76-8.52). No differences in the likelihood of asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted OR: 1.30, 95%CI: 0.38-4.39), three-month mortality (adjusted OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 0.25-6.05), three-month favorable functional outcome (mRS-scores of 0-1; adjusted OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 0.64-3.19) and three-month functional independence (mRS-scores of 0-2; adjusted OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 0.77-2.64) were documented.
Conclusion:
Sonothrombolysis was associated with a two-fold increase in the odds of complete recanalization compared to intravenous thrombolysis alone in AIS patients with LVOs. Further study of the safety and efficacy of sonothrombolysis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Attikon Univ Hosp, Sch of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jürgen Eggers
- Dept of Neurology, Univ Hosp Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vincent Larrue
- Univ of Toulouse, Hosp Pierre Paul Riquet, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauri Soinne
- Helsinki Univ Hosp and Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Keith W Muir
- Univ of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth Univ Hosp, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Thomas Kent
- NEUROLOGY, Houston Methodist Hosp, Houston, TX
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49
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Koprivova B, Lisnenko M, Solarska-Sciuk K, Prochazkova R, Novotny V, Mullerova J, Mikes P, Jencova V. Large-scale electrospinning of poly (vinylalcohol) nanofibers incorporated with platelet-derived growth factors. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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Novotny V, Næss H, Logallo N. Response by Novotny et al to Letters Regarding Article, “Short-Term Outcome and In-Hospital Complications After Acute Cerebral Infarcts in Multiple Arterial Territories”. Stroke 2020; 51:e15-e16. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.027993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novotny
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Næss
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicola Logallo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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