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Kimura A, Go AC, Markow T, Ranz JM. Evidence of Nonrandom Patterns of Functional Chromosome Organization in Danaus plexippus. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae054. [PMID: 38488057 PMCID: PMC10972686 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding on the interplay between gene functionality and gene arrangement at different chromosome scales relies on a few Diptera and the honeybee, species with quality reference genome assemblies, accurate gene annotations, and abundant transcriptome data. Using recently generated 'omic resources in the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus, a species with many more and smaller chromosomes relative to Drosophila species and the honeybee, we examined the organization of genes preferentially expressed at broadly defined developmental stages (larva, pupa, adult males, and adult females) at both fine and whole-chromosome scales. We found that developmental stage-regulated genes do not form more clusters, but do form larger clusters, than expected by chance, a pattern consistent across the gene categories examined. Notably, out of the 30 chromosomes in the monarch genome, 12 of them, plus the fraction of the chromosome Z that corresponds to the ancestral Z in other Lepidoptera, were found enriched for developmental stage-regulated genes. These two levels of nonrandom gene organization are not independent as enriched chromosomes for developmental stage-regulated genes tend to harbor disproportionately large clusters of these genes. Further, although paralogous genes were overrepresented in gene clusters, their presence is not enough to explain two-thirds of the documented cases of whole-chromosome enrichment. The composition of the largest clusters often included paralogs from more than one multigene family as well as unrelated single-copy genes. Our results reveal intriguing patterns at the whole-chromosome scale in D. plexippus while shedding light on the interplay between gene expression and chromosome organization beyond Diptera and Hymenoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Kimura
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92647, USA
| | - Alwyn C Go
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Therese Markow
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, GTO 36824, México
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - José M Ranz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92647, USA
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2
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Conlon S, Khuu C, Trasviña-Arenas CH, Xia T, Hamm ML, Raetz AG, David SS. Cellular Repair of Synthetic Analogs of Oxidative DNA Damage Reveals a Key Structure-Activity Relationship of the Cancer-Associated MUTYH DNA Repair Glycosylase. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:291-301. [PMID: 38435525 PMCID: PMC10906249 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The base excision repair glycosylase MUTYH prevents mutations associated with the oxidatively damaged base, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), by removing undamaged misincorporated adenines from OG:A mispairs. Defects in OG:A repair in individuals with inherited MUTYH variants are correlated with the colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome known as MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). Herein, we reveal key structural features of OG required for efficient repair by human MUTYH using structure-activity relationships (SAR). We developed a GFP-based plasmid reporter assay to define SAR with synthetically generated OG analogs in human cell lines. Cellular repair results were compared with kinetic parameters measured by adenine glycosylase assays in vitro. Our results show substrates lacking the 2-amino group of OG, such as 8OI:A (8OI = 8-oxoinosine), are not repaired in cells, despite being excellent substrates in in vitro adenine glycosylase assays, new evidence that the search and detection steps are critical factors in cellular MUTYH repair functionality. Surprisingly, modification of the O8/N7H of OG, which is the distinguishing feature of OG relative to G, was tolerated in both MUTYH-mediated cellular repair and in vitro adenine glycosylase activity. The lack of sensitivity to alterations at the O8/N7H in the SAR of MUTYH substrates is distinct from previous work with bacterial MutY, indicating that the human enzyme is much less stringent in its lesion verification. Our results imply that the human protein relies almost exclusively on detection of the unique major groove position of the 2-amino group of OG within OGsyn:Aanti mispairs to select contextually incorrect adenines for excision and thereby thwart mutagenesis. These results predict that MUTYH variants that exhibit deficiencies in OG:A detection will be severely compromised in a cellular setting. Moreover, the reliance of MUTYH on the interaction with the OG 2-amino group suggests that disrupting this interaction with small molecules may provide a strategy to develop potent and selective MUTYH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah
G. Conlon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Graduate
Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cindy Khuu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Biochemistry,
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carlos H. Trasviña-Arenas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Graduate
Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michelle L. Hamm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 410 Westhampton Way, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Alan G. Raetz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Biochemistry,
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sheila S. David
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Graduate
Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Biochemistry,
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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3
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Ávila-Lovera E, Haro R, Choudhary M, Acosta-Rangel A, Pratt RB, Santiago LS. The benefits of woody plant stem photosynthesis extend to hydraulic function and drought survival in Parkinsonia florida. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpae013. [PMID: 38284819 PMCID: PMC10918054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
As climate change exacerbates drought stress in many parts of the world, understanding plant physiological mechanisms for drought survival is critical to predicting ecosystem responses. Stem net photosynthesis, which is common in arid environments, may be a drought survival trait, but whether the additional carbon fixed by stems contributes to plant hydraulic function and drought survival in arid land plants is untested. We conducted a stem light-exclusion experiment on saplings of a widespread North American desert tree species, Parkinsonia florida L., and after shading acclimation, we then subjected half of the plants to a drought treatment to test the interaction between light exclusion and water limitation on growth, leaf and stem photosynthetic gas exchange, xylem embolism assessed with micro-computed tomography and gravimetric techniques, and survival. Growth, stem photosynthetic gas exchange, hydraulic function and survival all showed expected reductions in response to light exclusion. However, stem photosynthesis mitigated the drought-induced reductions in gas exchange, xylem embolism (percent loss of conductivity, PLC) and mortality. The highest mortality was in the combined light exclusion and drought treatment, and was related to stem PLC and native sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity. This research highlights the integration of carbon economy and water transport. Our results show that additional carbon income by photosynthetic stems has an important role in the growth and survival of a widespread desert tree species during drought. This shift in function under conditions of increasing stress underscores the importance of considering stem photosynthesis for predicting drought-induced mortality not only for the additional supply of carbon, but also for its extended benefits for hydraulic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleinis Ávila-Lovera
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Roxana Haro
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Manika Choudhary
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aleyda Acosta-Rangel
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - R Brandon Pratt
- Department of Biology, California State University, 9001 Stockdale Hwy, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama
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4
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Lopez Fang L, Peede D, Ortega-Del Vecchyo D, McTavish EJ, Huerta-Sánchez E. Leveraging shared ancestral variation to detect local introgression. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1010155. [PMID: 38190420 PMCID: PMC10798638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introgression is a common evolutionary phenomenon that results in shared genetic material across non-sister taxa. Existing statistical methods such as Patterson's D statistic can detect introgression by measuring an excess of shared derived alleles between populations. The D statistic is effective to detect genome-wide patterns of introgression but can give spurious inferences of introgression when applied to local regions. We propose a new statistic, D+, that leverages both shared ancestral and derived alleles to infer local introgressed regions. Incorporating both shared derived and ancestral alleles increases the number of informative sites per region, improving our ability to identify local introgression. We use a coalescent framework to derive the expected value of this statistic as a function of different demographic parameters under an instantaneous admixture model and use coalescent simulations to compute the power and precision of D+. While the power of D and D+ is comparable, D+ has better precision than D. We apply D+ to empirical data from the 1000 Genome Project and Heliconius butterflies to infer local targets of introgression in humans and in butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Lopez Fang
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- Quantitative & Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - David Peede
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Diego Ortega-Del Vecchyo
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Emily Jane McTavish
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- Quantitative & Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Emilia Huerta-Sánchez
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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5
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Martinez-Lomeli J, Deol P, Deans JR, Jiang T, Ruegger P, Borneman J, Sladek FM. Impact of various high fat diets on gene expression and the microbiome across the mouse intestines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22758. [PMID: 38151490 PMCID: PMC10752901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High fat diets (HFDs) have been linked to several diseases including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. In this study, we examined the impact on intestinal gene expression of three isocaloric HFDs that differed only in their fatty acid composition-coconut oil (saturated fats), conventional soybean oil (polyunsaturated fats) and a genetically modified soybean oil (monounsaturated fats). Four functionally distinct segments of the mouse intestinal tract were analyzed using RNA-seq-duodenum, jejunum, terminal ileum and proximal colon. We found considerable dysregulation of genes in multiple tissues with the different diets, including those encoding nuclear receptors and genes involved in xenobiotic and drug metabolism, epithelial barrier function, IBD and colon cancer as well as genes associated with the microbiome and COVID-19. Network analysis shows that genes involved in metabolism tend to be upregulated by the HFDs while genes related to the immune system are downregulated; neurotransmitter signaling was also dysregulated by the HFDs. Genomic sequencing also revealed a microbiome altered by the HFDs. This study highlights the potential impact of different HFDs on gut health with implications for the organism as a whole and will serve as a reference for gene expression along the length of the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Martinez-Lomeli
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Deans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Paul Ruegger
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Frances M Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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6
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Lizárraga D, García-Gasca T, Lund G, Ávalos-Soriano A, García-Gasca A. Global DNA methylation and miR-126-3p expression in Mexican women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:5. [PMID: 38085382 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a type of diabetes that occurs for the first time during pregnancy, may predispose the development of chronic degenerative diseases and metabolic alterations in mother and offspring. DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) expression are regulatory mechanisms of gene expression that may contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM. Therefore, we determined global DNA methylation and miR-126-3p expression levels in 8 and 7 Mexican women with and without GDM, respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS Global DNA methylation was assessed by measuring the percentage of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in placenta, umbilical cord, and plasma DNA samples, whereas miR-126-3p expression was quantified by real-time PCR using the 2-ΔCt method of the corresponding RNA samples. A significant increase in the percentage of 5-mC was detected in placenta samples from GDM patients compared to healthy women, while plasma samples showed a significant decrease. Conversely, miR-126-3p expression levels were significantly higher in plasma from the GDM group, while placenta and umbilical cord samples showed no significant differences across experimental groups. Furthermore, DNA methylation correlated significantly with glucose levels in placenta and plasma. Likewise, miR-126-3p expression correlated significantly with plasma glucose, in addition to maternal body mass index (BMI at first trimester). CONCLUSION The results indicate that GDM is associated with alterations in global DNA methylation levels and miR-126-3p expression in placenta and/or plasma, providing insights into future novel approaches to diagnose and/or prevent this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennise Lizárraga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Avenida Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82112, Mexico
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Gertrud Lund
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato León Kilómetro 9.6, Carr Panamericana, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36821, Mexico
| | - Anaguiven Ávalos-Soriano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Avenida Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82112, Mexico
| | - Alejandra García-Gasca
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Avenida Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82112, Mexico.
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Lelo de Larrea-Mancera ES, Stavropoulos T, Carrillo AA, Menon KN, Hoover EC, Eddins DA, Gallun FJ, Seitz AR. Validation of the adaptive scan method in the quest for time-efficient methods of testing auditory processes. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023; 85:2797-2810. [PMID: 37349625 PMCID: PMC10600050 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
A major barrier to the clinical application of psychophysical testing of central auditory processes is the time required to obtain precise estimates of different listening abilities. In this study, we validate a novel adaptive scan (AS) method of threshold estimation that is designed to adapt on a range of values around threshold rather than on a single threshold value. This method has the advantage of providing the listener with greater familiarity with the stimulus characteristics near threshold while maintaining precise measurement and increasing time-efficiency. Additionally, we explore the time-efficiency of AS through comparison with two more conventional adaptive algorithms and the method of constant stimuli in two common psychophysical tasks: the detection of a gap in noise and the detection of a tone in noise. Seventy undergraduates without hearing complaints were tested using all four methods. The AS method provided similar threshold estimates with similar precision to those from the other adaptive methods and, thus, it is a valid adaptive method of psychophysical testing. We also provide an analysis of the AS method based on precision metrics to propose a shortened version of the algorithm that maximizes the time/precision tradeoff and can achieve similar thresholds to the adaptive methods tested in the validation. This work lays the foundation for using AS across a wide variety of psychophysical assessments and experimental situations where different levels of precision and/or time-efficiency may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Lelo de Larrea-Mancera
- Northeastern University, College of Science, Psychology; Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- University of California Riverside, UCR Brain Game Center for Mental Fitness and Wellbeing, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - T Stavropoulos
- Northeastern University, College of Science, Psychology; Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A A Carrillo
- University of California Riverside, UCR Brain Game Center for Mental Fitness and Wellbeing, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - K N Menon
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - E C Hoover
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - D A Eddins
- University of South Florida, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - F J Gallun
- Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A R Seitz
- Northeastern University, College of Science, Psychology; Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Boston, MA, USA
- University of California Riverside, UCR Brain Game Center for Mental Fitness and Wellbeing, Riverside, CA, USA
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8
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Romero-Olivares AL, Frey SD, Treseder KK. Tracking fungal species-level responses in soil environments exposed to long-term warming and associated drying. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad128. [PMID: 38059856 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is affecting fungal communities and their function in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite making progress in the understanding of how the fungal community responds to global change drivers in natural ecosystems, little is known on how fungi respond at the species level. Understanding how fungal species respond to global change drivers, such as warming, is critical, as it could reveal adaptation pathways to help us to better understand ecosystem functioning in response to global change. Here, we present a model study to track species-level responses of fungi to warming-and associated drying-in a decade-long global change field experiment; we focused on two free-living saprotrophic fungi which were found in high abundance in our site, Mortierella and Penicillium. Using microbiological isolation techniques, combined with whole genome sequencing of fungal isolates, and community level metatranscriptomics, we investigated transcription-level differences of functional categories and specific genes involved in catabolic processes, cell homeostasis, cell morphogenesis, DNA regulation and organization, and protein biosynthesis. We found that transcription-level responses were mostly species-specific but that under warming, both fungi consistently invested in the transcription of critical genes involved in catabolic processes, cell morphogenesis, and protein biosynthesis, likely allowing them to withstand a decade of chronic stress. Overall, our work supports the idea that fungi that invest in maintaining their catabolic rates and processes while growing and protecting their cells may survive under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serita D Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, Unites States
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
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Arias del Razo R, Velasco Vazquez MDL, Turcanu P, Legrand M, Lau AR, Weinstein TAR, Goetze LR, Bales KL. Effects of Chronic and Acute Intranasal Oxytocin Treatments on Temporary Social Separation in Adult Titi Monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus). Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:877631. [PMID: 35813591 PMCID: PMC9257099 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.877631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In socially monogamous titi monkeys, involuntary separation from a pair mate can produce behavioral distress and increased cortisol production. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is thought to play an important role in the separation response of pair-bonded species. Previous studies from our lab have shown that chronic intranasal oxytocin (IN OXT) during development can have long-term effects on adult social behavior. In the current study, we examined the chronic and acute effects of IN OXT or Saline (SAL) on the subjects’ response to a brief separation from their pair mates. Subjects with a history of chronic IN OXT or SAL treatment during development received a single dose of OXT or SAL as adults 30 min before being separated from their pair mate. Chronic treatment consisted of a daily dose of IN OXT (0.8 IU/kg) or SAL (control) from 12 to 18 months of age. Subjects (N = 29) were introduced to a pair mate at 30 months of age. After the pairs had cohabitated for 5 months, pairs underwent two “Brief Separation” (OXT and SAL) and two “Non-Separation” (OXT and SAL) test sessions. Vocalizations and locomotion were measured as behavioral indices of agitation or distress during the Brief Separation and Non-Separation periods (30 min each). We collected blood samples after the Brief Separation and Non-Separation periods to measure cortisol levels. Our results showed subjects treated with chronic OXT had a reduction in long call and peep vocalizations compared to subjects treated with chronic SAL. Subjects treated with chronic SAL and acute OXT produced more peeps and long calls compared to animals treated with acute SAL; however, patterns in this response depended on sex. Cortisol and locomotion were significantly higher during the Brief Separation period compared to the Non-Separation period; however, we did not find any treatment or sex effects. We conclude that chronic IN OXT given during development blunts the separation response, while acute OXT in chronic SAL subjects had sexually dimorphic effects, which could reflect increased partner seeking behaviors in males and increased anxiety in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Arias del Razo
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Petru Turcanu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mathieu Legrand
- CNRS, LNCA UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Primatologie de l’Université de Strasbourg, Niederhausbergen, France
| | - Allison R. Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Leana R. Goetze
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Karen L. Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Karen L. Bales
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10
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Ranz JM, González PM, Su RN, Bedford SJ, Abreu-Goodger C, Markow T. Multiscale analysis of the randomization limits of the chromosomal gene organization between Lepidoptera and Diptera. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212183. [PMID: 35042416 PMCID: PMC8767184 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How chromosome gene organization and gene content evolve among distantly related and structurally malleable genomes remains unresolved. This is particularly the case when considering different insect orders. We have compared the highly contiguous genome assemblies of the lepidopteran Danaus plexippus and the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster, which shared a common ancestor around 290 Ma. The gene content of 23 out of 30 D. plexippus chromosomes was significantly associated with one or two of the six chromosomal elements of the Drosophila genome, denoting common ancestry. Despite the phylogenetic distance, 9.6% of the 1-to-1 orthologues still reside within the same ancestral genome neighbourhood. Furthermore, the comparison D. plexippus-Bombyx mori indicated that the rates of chromosome repatterning are lower in Lepidoptera than in Diptera, although still within the same order of magnitude. Concordantly, 14 developmental gene clusters showed a higher tendency to retain full or partial clustering in D. plexippus, further supporting that the physical association between the SuperHox and NK clusters existed in the ancestral bilaterian. Our results illuminate the scope and limits of the evolution of the gene organization and content of the ancestral chromosomes to the Lepidoptera and Diptera while helping reconstruct portions of the genome in their most recent common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Ranz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92647, USA
| | - Pablo M. González
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Irapuato GTO 36824, México
| | - Ryan N. Su
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92647, USA
| | - Sarah J. Bedford
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92647, USA
| | - Cei Abreu-Goodger
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Irapuato GTO 36824, México
| | - Therese Markow
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), CINVESTAV, Irapuato GTO 36824, México
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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11
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Kimberg L, Vasquez JA, Sun J, Anderson E, Ferguson C, Arreguin M, Rodriguez RM. Fears of disclosure and misconceptions regarding domestic violence reporting amongst patients in two US emergency departments. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260467. [PMID: 34855809 PMCID: PMC8638952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients often do not disclose domestic violence (DV) to healthcare providers in emergency departments and other healthcare settings. Barriers to disclosure may include fears and misconceptions about whether, and under what circumstances, healthcare providers report DV to law enforcement and immigration authorities. We sought to assess undocumented Latino immigrants (UDLI), Latino legal residents/citizens (LLRC) and non-Latino legal residents/citizens (NLRC) beliefs about disclosure of DV victimization to healthcare providers and healthcare provider reporting of DV to law enforcement and immigration authorities. From 10/2018-2/2020, we conducted this survey study at two urban emergency departments (EDs) in California. Participants, enrolled by convenience sampling, responded to survey questions adapted from a previously published survey instrument that was developed to assess undocumented immigrant fears of accessing ED care. Our primary outcomes were the proportions of UDLI, LLRC and NLRC who knew of someone who had experienced DV in the past year, whether these DV victims were afraid to access ED care, reasons DV victims were afraid to access ED care, and rates of misconceptions (defined according to current California law) about the consequences of disclosing DV to healthcare providers. Of 667 patients approached, 531 (80%) agreed to participate: 32% UDLI, 33% LLRC, and 35% NLRC. Of the 27.5% of respondents who knew someone who experienced DV in the past year, 46% stated that the DV victim was afraid to seek ED care; there was no significant difference in this rate between groups. The most common fears reported as barriers to disclosure were fear the doctor would report DV to police (31%) and fear that the person perpetrating DV would find out about the disclosure (30.3%). Contrary to our hypothesis, UDLI had lower rates of misconceptions about healthcare provider and law enforcement responses to DV disclosure than LLRC and NLRC. Fear of disclosing DV and misconceptions about the consequences of disclosure of DV to healthcare providers were common, indicating a need for provider, patient, and community education and changes that lower barriers to help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Kimberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juan A. Vasquez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Highland Hospital-Alameda Health System, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Erik Anderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Highland Hospital-Alameda Health System, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Clarissa Ferguson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mireya Arreguin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Rodriguez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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12
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Ortega-Rivera O, Shin MD, Chen A, Beiss V, Moreno-Gonzalez MA, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Reynoso M, Wang H, Hurst BL, Wang J, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Trivalent Subunit Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19 and Their Delivery Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14748-14765. [PMID: 34490778 PMCID: PMC8442557 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for platform technologies enabling rapid development of vaccines for emerging viral diseases. The current vaccines target the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and thus far have shown tremendous efficacy. However, the need for cold-chain distribution, a prime-boost administration schedule, and the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) call for diligence in novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approaches. We studied 13 peptide epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 and identified three neutralizing epitopes that are highly conserved among the VOCs. Monovalent and trivalent COVID-19 vaccine candidates were formulated by chemical conjugation of the peptide epitopes to cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles and virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophage Qβ. Efficacy of this approach was validated first using soluble vaccine candidates as solo or trivalent mixtures and subcutaneous prime-boost injection. The high thermal stability of our vaccine candidates allowed for formulation into single-dose injectable slow-release polymer implants, manufactured by melt extrusion, as well as microneedle (MN) patches, obtained through casting into micromolds, for prime-boost self-administration. Immunization of mice yielded high titers of antibodies against the target epitope and S protein, and data confirms that antibodies block receptor binding and neutralize SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 against infection of human cells. We present a nanotechnology vaccine platform that is stable outside the cold-chain and can be formulated into delivery devices enabling single administration or self-administration. CPMV or Qβ VLPs could be stockpiled, and epitopes exchanged to target new mutants or emergent diseases as the need arises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar
A. Ortega-Rivera
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shin
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Angela Chen
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Miguel A. Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Miguel A. Lopez-Ramirez
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Maria Reynoso
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
- Institute
for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Brett L. Hurst
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
- Institute
for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
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13
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Quadri P, Silva LCR, Zavaleta ES. Climate-induced reversal of tree growth patterns at a tropical treeline. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/22/eabb7572. [PMID: 34039595 PMCID: PMC8153731 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, cold-limited trees and forests are expected to experience growth acceleration as a direct response to warming temperatures. However, thresholds of temperature limitation may vary substantially with local environmental conditions, leading to heterogeneous responses in tree ecophysiology. We used dendroecological and isotopic methods to quantify shifting tree growth and resource use over the past 143 years across topographic aspects in a high-elevation forest of central Mexico. Trees on south-facing slopes (SFS) grew faster than those on north-facing slopes (NFS) until the mid-20th century, when this pattern reversed notably with marked growth rate declines on SFS and increases on NFS. Stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios suggest that this reversal is linked to interactions between CO2 stimulation of photosynthesis and water or nitrogen limitation. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating landscape processes and habitat heterogeneity in predictions of tree growth responses to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Quadri
- Sky Island Alliance, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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14
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Cividini F, Scott BT, Suarez J, Casteel DE, Heinz S, Dai A, Diemer T, Suarez JA, Benner CW, Ghassemian M, Dillmann WH. Ncor2/PPARα-Dependent Upregulation of MCUb in the Type 2 Diabetic Heart Impacts Cardiac Metabolic Flexibility and Function. Diabetes 2021; 70:665-679. [PMID: 33303689 PMCID: PMC7897348 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of altered mitochondrial Ca2+ handling to metabolic and functional defects in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mouse hearts is not well understood. In this study, we show that the T2D heart is metabolically inflexible and almost exclusively dependent on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation as a consequence of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) inhibitory subunit MCUb overexpression. Using a recombinant endonuclease-deficient Cas9-based gene promoter pulldown approach coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that MCUb is upregulated in the T2D heart due to loss of glucose homeostasis regulator nuclear receptor corepressor 2 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α as a mediator of MCUb gene expression in T2D cardiomyocytes. Upregulation of MCUb limits mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ uptake and impairs mitochondrial energy production via glucose oxidation by depressing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. Gene therapy displacement of endogenous MCUb with a dominant-negative MCUb transgene (MCUbW246R/V251E) in vivo rescued T2D cardiomyocytes from metabolic inflexibility and stimulated cardiac contractile function and adrenergic responsiveness by enhancing phospholamban phosphorylation via protein kinase A. We conclude that MCUb represents one newly discovered molecular effector at the interface of metabolism and cardiac function, and its repression improves the outcome of the chronically stressed diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cividini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Brian T Scott
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jorge Suarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Darren E Casteel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anzhi Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tanja Diemer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jorge A Suarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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15
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Aragón W, Formey D, Aviles-Baltazar NY, Torres M, Serrano M. Arabidopsis thaliana Cuticle Composition Contributes to Differential Defense Response to Botrytis cinerea. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:738949. [PMID: 34804086 PMCID: PMC8603936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of a plant cuticle can change in response to various abiotic or biotic stresses and plays essential functions in disease resistance responses. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants altered in cutin content are resistant to Botrytis cinerea, presumably because of increased cuticular water and solute permeability, allowing for faster induction of defense responses. Within this context, our knowledge of wax mutants is limited against this pathogen. We tested the contribution of cuticular components to immunity to B. cinerea using mutants altered in either cutin or wax alone, or in both cutin and wax contents. We found that even all the tested mutants showed increased permeability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in comparison with wild-type plants and that only cutin mutants showed resistance. To elucidate the early molecular mechanisms underlying cuticle-related immunity, we performed a transcriptomic analysis. A set of upregulated genes involved in cell wall integrity and accumulation of ROS were shared by the cutin mutants bdg, lacs2-3, and eca2, but not by the wax mutants cer1-4 and cer3-6. Interestingly, these genes have recently been shown to be required in B. cinerea resistance. In contrast, we found the induction of genes involved in abiotic stress shared by the two wax mutants. Our study reveals new insight that the faster recognition of a pathogen by changes in cuticular permeability is not enough to induce resistance to B. cinerea, as has previously been hypothesized. In addition, our data suggest that mutants with resistant phenotype can activate other defense pathways, different from those canonical immune ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Aragón
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Wendy Aragón, ; Mario Serrano,
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Torres
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Wendy Aragón, ; Mario Serrano,
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16
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Lomeli LM, Iniguez A, Tata P, Jena N, Liu ZY, Van Etten R, Lander AD, Shahbaba B, Lowengrub JS, Minin VN. Optimal experimental design for mathematical models of haematopoiesis. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20200729. [PMID: 33499768 PMCID: PMC7879761 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic system has a highly regulated and complex structure in which cells are organized to successfully create and maintain new blood cells. It is known that feedback regulation is crucial to tightly control this system, but the specific mechanisms by which control is exerted are not completely understood. In this work, we aim to uncover the underlying mechanisms in haematopoiesis by conducting perturbation experiments, where animal subjects are exposed to an external agent in order to observe the system response and evolution. We have developed a novel Bayesian hierarchical framework for optimal design of perturbation experiments and proper analysis of the data collected. We use a deterministic model that accounts for feedback and feedforward regulation on cell division rates and self-renewal probabilities. A significant obstacle is that the experimental data are not longitudinal, rather each data point corresponds to a different animal. We overcome this difficulty by modelling the unobserved cellular levels as latent variables. We then use principles of Bayesian experimental design to optimally distribute time points at which the haematopoietic cells are quantified. We evaluate our approach using synthetic and real experimental data and show that an optimal design can lead to better estimates of model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martinez Lomeli
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Abdon Iniguez
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Prasanthi Tata
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nilamani Jena
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhong-Ying Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard Van Etten
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Arthur D. Lander
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Babak Shahbaba
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - John S. Lowengrub
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir N. Minin
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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17
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Adrion JR, Cole CB, Dukler N, Galloway JG, Gladstein AL, Gower G, Kyriazis CC, Ragsdale AP, Tsambos G, Baumdicker F, Carlson J, Cartwright RA, Durvasula A, Gronau I, Kim BY, McKenzie P, Messer PW, Noskova E, Ortega-Del Vecchyo D, Racimo F, Struck TJ, Gravel S, Gutenkunst RN, Lohmueller KE, Ralph PL, Schrider DR, Siepel A, Kelleher J, Kern AD. A community-maintained standard library of population genetic models. eLife 2020; 9:e54967. [PMID: 32573438 PMCID: PMC7438115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The explosion in population genomic data demands ever more complex modes of analysis, and increasingly, these analyses depend on sophisticated simulations. Recent advances in population genetic simulation have made it possible to simulate large and complex models, but specifying such models for a particular simulation engine remains a difficult and error-prone task. Computational genetics researchers currently re-implement simulation models independently, leading to inconsistency and duplication of effort. This situation presents a major barrier to empirical researchers seeking to use simulations for power analyses of upcoming studies or sanity checks on existing genomic data. Population genetics, as a field, also lacks standard benchmarks by which new tools for inference might be measured. Here, we describe a new resource, stdpopsim, that attempts to rectify this situation. Stdpopsim is a community-driven open source project, which provides easy access to a growing catalog of published simulation models from a range of organisms and supports multiple simulation engine backends. This resource is available as a well-documented python library with a simple command-line interface. We share some examples demonstrating how stdpopsim can be used to systematically compare demographic inference methods, and we encourage a broader community of developers to contribute to this growing resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Adrion
- Department of Biology and Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Christopher B Cole
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Noah Dukler
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Jared G Galloway
- Department of Biology and Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Ariella L Gladstein
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Graham Gower
- Lundbeck GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christopher C Kyriazis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | | | - Georgia Tsambos
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Franz Baumdicker
- Department of Mathematical Stochastics, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Jedidiah Carlson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Reed A Cartwright
- The Biodesign Institute and The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Arun Durvasula
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Ilan Gronau
- The Efi Arazi School of Computer Science, Herzliya Interdisciplinary CenterHerzliyaIsrael
| | - Bernard Y Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Patrick McKenzie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Philipp W Messer
- Department of Computational BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Ekaterina Noskova
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO UniversitySaint PetersburgRussian Federation
| | - Diego Ortega-Del Vecchyo
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, National Autonomous University of MexicoJuriquillaMexico
| | - Fernando Racimo
- Lundbeck GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Travis J Struck
- Departmentof Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Simon Gravel
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Ryan N Gutenkunst
- Departmentof Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Kirk E Lohmueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Peter L Ralph
- Department of Biology and Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Department of Mathematics, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Daniel R Schrider
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Adam Siepel
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Jerome Kelleher
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Kern
- Department of Biology and Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
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18
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Jaimes-Miranda F, Chávez Montes RA. The plant MBF1 protein family: a bridge between stress and transcription. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:1782-1791. [PMID: 32037452 PMCID: PMC7094072 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Multiprotein Bridging Factor 1 (MBF1) proteins are transcription co-factors whose molecular function is to form a bridge between transcription factors and the basal machinery of transcription. MBF1s are present in most archaea and all eukaryotes, and numerous reports show that they are involved in developmental processes and in stress responses. In this review we summarize almost three decades of research on the plant MBF1 family, which has mainly focused on their role in abiotic stress responses, in particular the heat stress response. However, despite the amount of information available, there are still many questions that remain about how plant MBF1 genes, transcripts, and proteins respond to stress, and how they in turn modulate stress response transcriptional pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Jaimes-Miranda
- CONACyT-Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica AC, División de Biología Molecular, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo A Chávez Montes
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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19
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Deol P, Kozlova E, Valdez M, Ho C, Yang EW, Richardson H, Gonzalez G, Truong E, Reid J, Valdez J, Deans JR, Martinez-Lomeli J, Evans JR, Jiang T, Sladek FM, Curras-Collazo MC. Dysregulation of Hypothalamic Gene Expression and the Oxytocinergic System by Soybean Oil Diets in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5698148. [PMID: 31912136 PMCID: PMC7041656 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soybean oil consumption has increased greatly in the past half-century and is linked to obesity and diabetes. To test the hypothesis that soybean oil diet alters hypothalamic gene expression in conjunction with metabolic phenotype, we performed RNA sequencing analysis using male mice fed isocaloric, high-fat diets based on conventional soybean oil (high in linoleic acid, LA), a genetically modified, low-LA soybean oil (Plenish), and coconut oil (high in saturated fat, containing no LA). The 2 soybean oil diets had similar but nonidentical effects on the hypothalamic transcriptome, whereas the coconut oil diet had a negligible effect compared to a low-fat control diet. Dysregulated genes were associated with inflammation, neuroendocrine, neurochemical, and insulin signaling. Oxt was the only gene with metabolic, inflammation, and neurological relevance upregulated by both soybean oil diets compared to both control diets. Oxytocin immunoreactivity in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus was reduced, whereas plasma oxytocin and hypothalamic Oxt were increased. These central and peripheral effects of soybean oil diets were correlated with glucose intolerance but not body weight. Alterations in hypothalamic Oxt and plasma oxytocin were not observed in the coconut oil diet enriched in stigmasterol, a phytosterol found in soybean oil. We postulate that neither stigmasterol nor LA is responsible for effects of soybean oil diets on oxytocin and that Oxt messenger RNA levels could be associated with the diabetic state. Given the ubiquitous presence of soybean oil in the American diet, its observed effects on hypothalamic gene expression could have important public health ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Elena Kozlova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Matthew Valdez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Catherine Ho
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Ei-Wen Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, California
| | - Holly Richardson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Gwendolyn Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Edward Truong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Jack Reid
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Joseph Valdez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Jonathan R Deans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Jose Martinez-Lomeli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Jane R Evans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, California
| | - Frances M Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Margarita C Curras-Collazo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California
- Correspondence: Margarita C. Curras-Collazo, PhD, FAPS, Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, 2110 Biological Sciences Building, Riverside, California 92521. E-mail:
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Gutiérrez-Nájera NA, Saucedo-García M, Noyola-Martínez L, Vázquez-Vázquez C, Palacios-Bahena S, Carmona-Salazar L, Plasencia J, El-Hafidi M, Gavilanes-Ruiz M. Sphingolipid Effects on the Plasma Membrane Produced by Addition of Fumonisin B1 to Maize Embryos. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E150. [PMID: 31979343 PMCID: PMC7076497 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides that modifies the membrane properties from animal cells and inhibits complex sphingolipids synthesis through the inhibition of ceramide synthase. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of Fumonisin B1 on the plant plasma membrane when the mycotoxin was added to germinating maize embryos. Fumonisin B1 addition to the embryos diminished plasma membrane fluidity, increased electrolyte leakage, caused a 7-fold increase of sphinganine and a small decrease in glucosylceramide in the plasma membrane, without affecting phytosphingosine levels or fatty acid composition. A 20%-30% inhibition of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity was observed when embryos were germinated in the presence of the mycotoxin. Such inhibition was only associated to the decrease in glucosylceramide and the addition of exogenous ceramide to the embryos relieved the inhibition of Fumonisin B1. These results indicate that exposure of the maize embryos for 24 h to Fumonisin B1 allowed the mycotoxin to target ceramide synthase at the endoplasmic reticulum, eliciting an imbalance of endogenous sphingolipids. The latter disrupted membrane properties and inhibited the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. Altogether, these results illustrate the mode of action of the pathogen and a plant defense strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A. Gutiérrez-Nájera
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica. Periférico Sur 4124, Torre 2, 5° piso. Álvaro Obregón 01900, Cd. de México, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Saucedo-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad Km. 1, Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo-Santiago, Tulantepec, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Liliana Noyola-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria. Coyoacán 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico; (L.N.-M.); (C.V.-V.); (S.P.-B.); (L.C.-S.); (J.P.)
| | - Christian Vázquez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria. Coyoacán 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico; (L.N.-M.); (C.V.-V.); (S.P.-B.); (L.C.-S.); (J.P.)
| | - Silvia Palacios-Bahena
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria. Coyoacán 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico; (L.N.-M.); (C.V.-V.); (S.P.-B.); (L.C.-S.); (J.P.)
| | - Laura Carmona-Salazar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria. Coyoacán 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico; (L.N.-M.); (C.V.-V.); (S.P.-B.); (L.C.-S.); (J.P.)
| | - Javier Plasencia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria. Coyoacán 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico; (L.N.-M.); (C.V.-V.); (S.P.-B.); (L.C.-S.); (J.P.)
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Bioquímica. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”. Juan Badiano 1. Tlalpan 14080, Cd. de México, Mexico;
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria. Coyoacán 04510, Cd. de México, Mexico; (L.N.-M.); (C.V.-V.); (S.P.-B.); (L.C.-S.); (J.P.)
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Rodriguez RM, Torres JR, Sun J, Alter H, Ornelas C, Cruz M, Fraimow-Wong L, Aleman A, Lovato LM, Wong A, Taira B. Declared impact of the US President's statements and campaign statements on Latino populations' perceptions of safety and emergency care access. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222837. [PMID: 31665147 PMCID: PMC6821049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Statements about building walls, deportation and denying services to undocumented immigrants made during President Trump’s presidential campaign and presidency may induce fear in Latino populations and create barriers to their health care access. To assess how these statements relate to undocumented Latino immigrants’ (UDLI) and Latino legal residents/citizens’ (LLRC) perceptions of safety and their presentations for emergency care, we conducted surveys of adult patients at three county emergency departments (EDs) in California from June 2017 to December 2018. Of 1,684 patients approached, 1,337 (79.4%) agreed to participate: 34.3% UDLI, 36.9% LLRC, and 29.8% non-Latino legal residents/citizens (NLRC). The vast majority of UDLI (95%), LLRC (94%) and NLRC (85%) had heard statements about immigrants. Most UDLI (89%), LLRC (88%) and NLRC (87%) either thought that these measures were being enacted now or will be enacted in the future. Most UDLI and half of LLRC reported that these statements made them feel unsafe living in the US, 75% (95% CI 70–80%) and 51% (95% CI 47–56%), respectively. More UDLI reported that these statements made them afraid to come to the ED (24%, 95% CI 20–28%) vs LLRC (4.4%, 95% CI 3–7%) and NLRC (3.5%, 95% CI 2–6%); 55% of UDLI with this fear stated it caused them to delay coming to the ED (median delay 2–3 days). The vast majority of patients in our California EDs have heard statements during the 2016 presidential campaign or from President Trump about measures against undocumented immigrants, which have induced worry and safety concerns in both UDLI and LLRC patients. Exposure to these statements was also associated with fear of accessing emergency care in some UDLIs. Given California’s sanctuary state status, these safety concerns and ED access fears may be greater in a nationwide population of Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Rodriguez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jesus R. Torres
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Sun
- Highland Hospital-Alameda Health System, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Harrison Alter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Highland Hospital-Alameda Health System, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Carolina Ornelas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mayra Cruz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Leah Fraimow-Wong
- Highland Hospital-Alameda Health System, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Alexis Aleman
- Olive View UCLA Medical Center–University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Luis M. Lovato
- Olive View UCLA Medical Center–University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Angela Wong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Breena Taira
- Olive View UCLA Medical Center–University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Romero F, Nishigaki T. Comparative genomic analysis suggests that the sperm-specific sodium/proton exchanger and soluble adenylyl cyclase are key regulators of CatSper among the Metazoa. Zoological Lett 2019; 5:25. [PMID: 31372239 PMCID: PMC6660944 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CatSper is a sperm-specific calcium ion (Ca2+) channel, which regulates sperm flagellar beating by tuning cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations. Although this Ca2+ channel is essential for mammalian fertilization, recent bioinformatics analyses have revealed that genes encoding CatSper are heterogeneously distributed throughout the eukaryotes, including vertebrates. As this channel is activated by cytoplasmic alkalization in mammals and sea urchins, it has been proposed that the sperm-specific Na+/H+ exchanger (sNHE, a product of the SLC9C gene family) positively regulates its activity. In mouse, sNHE is functionally coupled to soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). CatSper, sNHE, and sAC have thus been considered functionally interconnected in the control of sperm motility, at least in mouse and sea urchin. RESULTS We carried out a comparative genomic analysis to explore phylogenetic relationships among CatSper, sNHE and sAC in eukaryotes. We found that sNHE occurs only in Metazoa, although sAC occurs widely across eukaryotes. In animals, we found correlated and restricted distribution patterns of the three proteins, suggesting coevolution among them in the Metazoa. Namely, nearly all species in which CatSper is conserved also preserve sNHE and sAC. In contrast, in species without sAC, neither CatSper nor sNHE is conserved. On the other hand, the distribution of another testis-specific NHE (NHA, a product of the SLC9B gene family) does not show any apparent association with that of CatSper. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CatSper, sNHE and sAC form prototypical machinery that functions in regulating sperm flagellar beating in Metazoa. In non-metazoan species, CatSper may be regulated by other H+ transporters, or its activity might be independent of cytoplasmic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romero
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IBT-UNAM). Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Takuya Nishigaki
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IBT-UNAM). Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
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Meza-Villezcas A, Gallego-Hernández AL, Yildiz FH, Jaime-Acuña OE, Raymond-Herrera O, Huerta-Saquero A. Effect of antimicrobial nanocomposites on Vibrio cholerae lifestyles: Pellicle biofilm, planktonic and surface-attached biofilm. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217869. [PMID: 31188854 PMCID: PMC6561565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen causing intestinal disease with a high incidence in developing countries. V. cholerae can switch between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. Biofilm formation is determinant for transmission, virulence and antibiotic resistance. Due to the enhanced antibiotic resistance observed by bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial nanomaterials have been used to combat infections by stopping bacterial growth and preventing biofilm formation. In this study, the effect of the nanocomposites zeolite-embedded silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or zinc (Zn) nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated in V. cholerae planktonic cells, and in two biofilm states: pellicle biofilm (PB), formed between air-liquid interphase, and surface-attached biofilm (SB), formed at solid-liquid interfaces. Each nanocomposite type had a distinctive antimicrobial effect altering each V. cholerae lifestyles differently. The ZEO-AgNPs nanocomposite inhibited PB formation at 4 μg/ml, and prevented SB formation and eliminated planktonic cells at 8 μg/ml. In contrast, the nanocomposites ZEO-CuNPs and ZEO-ZnNPs affect V. cholerae viability but did not completely avoid bacterial growth. At transcriptional level, depending on the nanoparticles and biofilm type, nanocomposites modified the relative expression of the vpsL, rbmA and bap1, genes involved in biofilm formation. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the outer membrane proteins OmpT, OmpU, OmpA and OmpW also differs among treatments in PB and SB. This work provides a basis for further study of the nanomaterials effect at structural, genetic and proteomic levels to understand the response mechanisms of V. cholerae against metallic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaid Meza-Villezcas
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, México
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Ana L. Gallego-Hernández
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ALGH); (AHS)
| | - Fitnat H. Yildiz
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Oscar E. Jaime-Acuña
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Oscar Raymond-Herrera
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Alejandro Huerta-Saquero
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
- * E-mail: (ALGH); (AHS)
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Ezcurra E, Barrios E, Ezcurra P, Ezcurra A, Vanderplank S, Vidal O, Villanueva-Almanza L, Aburto-Oropeza O. A natural experiment reveals the impact of hydroelectric dams on the estuaries of tropical rivers. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau9875. [PMID: 30891500 PMCID: PMC6415951 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We tested how sediment trapping by hydroelectric dams affects tropical estuaries by comparing two dammed and two undammed rivers on Mexico's Pacific coast. We found that dams demonstrably affected the stability and productivity of the estuaries. The two rivers dammed for hydroelectricity had a rapid coastal recession (between 7.9 and 21.5 ha year-1) in what should otherwise be an accretional coastline. The economic consequences of this dam-induced coastal erosion include loss of habitat for fisheries, loss of coastal protection, release of carbon sequestered in coastal sediments, loss of biodiversity, and the decline of estuarine livelihoods. We estimate that the cost of the environmental damages a dam can cause in the lower part of basin almost doubles the purported benefits of emission reductions from hydroelectric generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Ezcurra
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, UC Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - E. Barrios
- WWF Mexico, Av. México 51, Col Hipódromo, Cd. México 06100, Mexico
| | - P. Ezcurra
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - A. Ezcurra
- Andador Alcantarilla 5, Del. Magdalena Contreras, Cd. México 10580, Mexico
| | - S. Vanderplank
- CICESE, Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Ensenada, B.C. 22800, Mexico
- Adjunct Faculty, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - O. Vidal
- Bosque de Granados 141, Col. Bosques de las Lomas, Mexico City 11700, Mexico
| | - L. Villanueva-Almanza
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, UC Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - O. Aburto-Oropeza
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Barquera S, Schillinger D, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Schenker M, Rodríguez LA, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Sepúlveda-Amor J. Collaborative research and actions on both sides of the US-Mexico border to counteract type 2 diabetes in people of Mexican origin. Global Health 2018; 14:84. [PMID: 30134925 PMCID: PMC6104005 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-018-0390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is now a massive epidemic in both California and Mexico, with serious consequences for social and economic well-being. A large proportion of these populations share common ethnic backgrounds. Yet diverse environmental and social conditions across regions create unique opportunities to explore the ways that T2D risk, incidence, management and outcomes manifest. MAIN TEXT An action-oriented research consortium headed up by the University of California and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico was constituted to set priorities for bi-national translational research, in an attempt to implement and evaluate clinical, public health and policy actions to decrease the burden of T2D for people of Mexican origin. In this paper, we describe the epidemiology of T2D in Mexico and California, review current efforts to combat the epidemic, highlight gaps in knowledge and identify urgent areas of opportunity for collaboration. The group has developed a common research agenda and funding has been obtained to evaluate biological samples from the 2016 Mexican Health Survey, collaborate in a telemedicine-based retinopathy project, implement interventions in food banks, promote a communications campaign, and design a large-scale diabetes prevention effectiveness trial. CONCLUSIONS T2D has caused a state of emergency in Mexico and is a major health problem among Mexican populations on both sides of the border. Understanding the commonalities and differences between California and Mexico for those of Mexican origin with respect to T2D, when combined with a sharing of knowledge and advances, can produce a bi-national translational research agenda to inform relevant policy and practice. Amidst economic and political uncertainty and limited healthcare budgets, this collaboration can contribute to the development of scientific evidence to inform policies and interventions. This may provide a promising collaborative model that could be expanded to other health conditions and regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Barquera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Dean Schillinger
- UCSF Division of General Internal Medicine at San Francisco General Hospital, 1545 Divisadero St., First and Second Floors, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA
- UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | - Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Avenida Vasco de Quiroga No.15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan C.P, 14080 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marc Schenker
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis Medical Sciences 1-C, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Luis A. Rodríguez
- UCSF School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, 550 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Cesar Hernández-Alcaraz
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jaime Sepúlveda-Amor
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
- UCSF School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, 550 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, Mission Hall, Box 1224, 550 16th Street, Third Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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Semotiuk AJ, Colunga-GarcíaMarín P, Valenzuela Maldonado D, Ezcurra E. Pillar of strength: Columnar cactus as a key factor in Yoreme heritage and wildland preservation. Ambio 2018; 47:86-96. [PMID: 28875263 PMCID: PMC5709269 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of traditional cultures and modes of land use within rapidly changing, globalized societies is a central issue in understanding ecological and cultural change in the Anthropocene. Located in the heart of the Green Revolution, the Yoreme (Mayo) people of the Mayo Valley in Mexico still obtain a significant proportion of their sustenance from wild ecosystems in the midst of this intensive technological and agricultural development. They live in and around the thornscrub dominated by pitaya (Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxb.). In this study, we hypothesize that pitaya supports Yoreme heritage and sustenance amidst anthropogenic changes to the landscape, and we asked three specific questions: What is the land-use status of the S. thurberi habitat? What are its potential uses? Does S. thurberi provide economic value? To address these questions, we conducted interviews, vegetation surveys, and land-use analysis based on geographic information systems. We found that (a) land conversion of the pitaya-rich thornscrub is occurring at a precipitous rate, (b) local producers preserve and adapt their traditions, and (c) S. thurberi supports Yoreme heritage while providing economic benefit. The resulting land-use projections along with the cultural value of pitaya products shows the importance of conserving land and promoting sustainable projects instead of clearing land for other uses. If habitat shrinking continues at the current rate, it is likely that both Yoreme livelihoods and continued cultural practices will suffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Semotiuk
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Patricia Colunga-GarcíaMarín
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 29290 San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas Mexico
| | - David Valenzuela Maldonado
- Centro de Investigación Etnobotánica para el Desarrollo Sostentable, Avenida Cocorit 210, 85890 Navojoa, Sonora Mexico
| | - Exequiel Ezcurra
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
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Oono R. A confidence interval analysis of sampling effort, sequencing depth, and taxonomic resolution of fungal community ecology in the era of high-throughput sequencing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189796. [PMID: 29253889 PMCID: PMC5734782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technology has helped microbial community ecologists explore ecological and evolutionary patterns at unprecedented scales. The benefits of a large sample size still typically outweigh that of greater sequencing depths per sample for accurate estimations of ecological inferences. However, excluding or not sequencing rare taxa may mislead the answers to the questions ‘how and why are communities different?’ This study evaluates the confidence intervals of ecological inferences from high-throughput sequencing data of foliar fungal endophytes as case studies through a range of sampling efforts, sequencing depths, and taxonomic resolutions to understand how technical and analytical practices may affect our interpretations. Increasing sampling size reliably decreased confidence intervals across multiple community comparisons. However, the effects of sequencing depths on confidence intervals depended on how rare taxa influenced the dissimilarity estimates among communities and did not significantly decrease confidence intervals for all community comparisons. A comparison of simulated communities under random drift suggests that sequencing depths are important in estimating dissimilarities between microbial communities under neutral selective processes. Confidence interval analyses reveal important biases as well as biological trends in microbial community studies that otherwise may be ignored when communities are only compared for statistically significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Oono
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Marquez-Lona EM, Torres-Machorro AL, Gonzales FR, Pillus L, Patrick GN. Phosphorylation of the 19S regulatory particle ATPase subunit, Rpt6, modifies susceptibility to proteotoxic stress and protein aggregation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179893. [PMID: 28662109 PMCID: PMC5491056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a highly conserved and tightly regulated biochemical pathway that degrades the majority of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Importantly, the UPS is responsible for counteracting altered protein homeostasis induced by a variety of proteotoxic stresses. We previously reported that Rpt6, the ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory particle (RP) of the 26S proteasome, is phosphorylated in mammalian neurons at serine 120 in response to neuronal activity. Furthermore, we found that Rpt6 S120 phosphorylation, which regulates the activity and distribution of proteasomes in neurons, is relevant for proteasome-dependent synaptic remodeling and function. To better understand the role of proteasome phosphorylation, we have constructed models of altered Rpt6 phosphorylation in S. cerevisiae by introducing chromosomal point mutations that prevent or mimic phosphorylation at the conserved serine (S119). We find that mutants which prevent Rpt6 phosphorylation at this site (rpt6-S119A), had increased susceptibility to proteotoxic stress, displayed abnormal morphology and had reduced proteasome activity. Since impaired proteasome function has been linked to the aggregation of toxic proteins including the Huntington’s disease (HD) related huntingtin (Htt) protein with expanded polyglutamine repeats, we evaluated the extent of Htt aggregation in our phospho-dead (rpt6-S119A) and phospho-mimetic (rpt6-S119D) mutants. We showed Htt103Q aggregate size to be significantly larger in rpt6-S119A mutants compared to wild-type or rpt6-S119D strains. Furthermore, we observed that phosphorylation of endogenous Rpt6 at S119 is increased in response to various stress conditions. Together, these data suggest that Rpt6 phosphorylation at S119 may play an important function in proteasome-dependent relief of proteotoxic stress that can be critical in protein aggregation pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Magdalena Marquez-Lona
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ana Lilia Torres-Machorro
- Section of Molecular Biology and UCSD Moores Cancer Center, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Frankie R. Gonzales
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lorraine Pillus
- Section of Molecular Biology and UCSD Moores Cancer Center, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gentry N. Patrick
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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