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Fuller ME, Zhao Y, Hedman PC, Koster van Groos PG, Soto A, Boodoo F, Yniguez J, McKenzie ER. Sonochemical degradation of PFAS in ion exchange regeneration wastes. J Hazard Mater 2024; 471:134291. [PMID: 38636231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
One of the primary technologies currently being deployed for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water is ion exchange (IX). For regenerable IX resins, concentrated PFAS in the resulting spent brine and/or still bottoms requires further treatment. This research demonstrated that PFAS in spent brine and still bottoms can be effectively degraded sonochemically at 1000 kHz. Overall, PFAS degradation was negatively impacted by high total organic carbon (TOC) and residual methanol (MeOH) solvent (up to 50 g/kg; 5% w:w), but was enhanced by the high chloride. The addition of caustic (up to 1 N NaOH) partially mitigated the inhibition by TOC and MeOH. Sonochemical degradation of individual PFAS compounds resulted in significant mineralization to form inorganic fluoride, but small quantities of volatile organic fluorine species (VOF) were noted. This is believed to be the first report of sonochemical degradation of PFAS in ion exchange regeneration wastes, and indicates the possibility for the application of this technology as part of a complete PFAS capture and destruction treatment train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Fuller
- Aptim Federal Services, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA.
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Aptim Federal Services, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Paul C Hedman
- Aptim Federal Services, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | | | - Anthony Soto
- Aptim Federal Services, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Francis Boodoo
- Purolite Corporation (An Ecolab Company), King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Jord Yniguez
- Purolite Corporation (An Ecolab Company), King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
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2
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Sidnell T, Hurst J, Lee J, Bussemaker MJ. Increasing efficiency and treatment volumes for sonolysis of per- and poly-fluorinated substances, applied to aqueous film-forming foam. Ultrason Sonochem 2024; 105:106866. [PMID: 38613919 PMCID: PMC11026841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Sonolysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has recently matured to field studies, treating real world contamination. However, efficient sonolysis reactor designs are poorly researched. Moreover, the variety and complexity of PFAS pollution slows reactor optimisation and scale-up. In this work, the defluorination of 10.0 mg/L aqueous perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was used as a model metric for the optimisation of; reactor volume (0.6 or 1.4 L), power density (100 - 350 W L-1), number of modular reactors (1-3), and liquid height (56.7 - 340 mm). Note, the ultrasonic frequency (410 kHz) and flow rate (214.2 ml min-1) was optimised in this reactor previously. Peak PFOS defluorination rate (3.40 μmolL-1 min-1) occurred at 141.8 mm, in a 0.6 L reactor, under 200 WL-1 ultrasound. Increasing the number of transducers connected in parallel to one amplifier was able to increase treatment efficiency from 78.6 to 191.8 μmol kWh-1. The model was validated using legacy aqueous film forming foam (AFFF, 3 M FC-602 Lightwater) at different dilutions (×5, ×10, ×20 and ×100). Dilution played a role in AFFF sonolysis efficiency with optimal PFAS sonolysis rate (4.28 μmol L-1 min-1) at 20 × dilution. Overall AFFF was effectively modelled with a synthetic PFOS solution, attributed to limited matrix effects in AFFF sonolysis and high PFAS concentration (0.18-1.83 g L-1) dominated by PFOS (0.15 - 1.53 g L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sidnell
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Hurst
- ARCADIS, 1 Whitehall Riverside, Leeds, LS1 4BN, UK, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Lee
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine J Bussemaker
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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3
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Jaffari ZH, Na S, Abbas A, Park KY, Cho KH. Digital imaging-in-flow (FlowCAM) and probabilistic machine learning to assess the sonolytic disinfection of cyanobacteria in sewage wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2024; 468:133762. [PMID: 38402678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the cyanobacteria disinfection in sewage and its compliance with international-standards requires determining the concentration and viability, which can be achieve using Imaging Flow Cytometry device called FlowCAM. The objective is to thoroughly investigate the sonolytic morphological changes and disinfection-performance towards toxic cyanobacteria existing in sewage using the FlowCAM. After optimizing the process conditions, over 80% decline in cyanobacterial cell counts was observed, accompanied by an additional 10-15% of cells exhibiting injuries, as confirmed through morphological investigation. Moreover, for the first time, the experimentally collected data was utilized to build deep-learning probabilistic-neural-networks (PNN) and natural-gradient-boosting (NGBoost) models for predicting disinfection efficiency and ABD area as target outputs. The findings suggest that the NGBoost model exhibited superior prediction performance for both targets, with high test coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.87) and lower test errors (RMSE < 7.10, MAE < 4.14). The confidence interval examination in NGBoost prediction performance showed a minute variation from the experimentally calculated values, suggesting a high accuracy in model prediction. Finally, SHAP analysis suggests the sonolytic time alone contributes around 50% to the cyanobacteria disinfection. Overall, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the FlowCAM device and the potential of machine-learning modeling in predicting disinfection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Haider Jaffari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeon Na
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Tehchnology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ather Abbas
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Young Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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4
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Marsh RW, Kewalramani JA, Bezerra de Souza B, Meegoda JN. The use of a fluorine mass balance to demonstrate the mineralization of PFAS by high frequency and high power ultrasound. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141270. [PMID: 38280651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
High-frequency ultrasound (sonolysis) has been shown as a practical approach for mineralizing PFAS in highly concentrated PFAS waste. However, a fluorine mass balance approach showing complete mineralization for ultrasound treatment has not been elucidated. The impact of ultrasonic power density (W/L) and the presence of co-occurring PFAS on the degradation of individual PFAS are not well understood. In this research, the performance of a 10L sonochemical reactor was assessed for treating synthetic high-concentration PFAS waste with carboxylic and sulfonic perfluoroalkyl surfactants ranging in chain length from four to eight carbons at three different initial concentrations: 6, 55, 183 μM. The mass balance for fluorine was performed using three analytical techniques: triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, a fluoride ion selective electrode, and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance. The test results showed near complete mineralization of PFAS in the waste without the formation of intermediate fluorinated by-products. The PFAS mineralization efficiency of the sonolysis treatment at two different power densities for similar initial concentrations were almost identical; the G value at 145 W/L was 9.7*10-3 g/kWh, whereas the G value at 90 W/L was 9.3*10-3 g/kWh. The results of this study highlight the implications for the scalability of the sonolytic process to treat high-concentration PFAS waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Marsh
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jitendra A Kewalramani
- Tetra Tech Inc., King of Prussia, PA, USA; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bruno Bezerra de Souza
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jay N Meegoda
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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5
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Ghosh S, Sahu M. Ultrasound for the degradation of endocrine disrupting compounds in aqueous solution: A review on mechanisms, influence of operating parameters and cost estimation. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140864. [PMID: 38061558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Availability of drinking water is one of the basic humanitarian goals but remains as a grand challenge that the world is facing today. Currently, water bodies are contaminated not only with conventional pollutants but also with numerous recalcitrant pollutants, such as PPCPs, endocrine disrupting compounds, etc. These emerging pollutants require special attention because of their toxicity to living organisms, bio-resistant and can sustain even after primary and secondary treatments of wastewater. Among different treatment technologies, sonolysis is found to be an innovative and promising technique for the treatment of emerging pollutants present in aqueous solution. Sonolysis is the use of ultrasound to enhance or alter chemical reactions by the formation of free radicals and shock waves which ultimately helps in degradation of pollutants. This review summarizes several studies in the sonochemical literature, including mechanisms of sonochemical process, physical and chemical effects of ultrasound, and the influence of several process variables such as ultrasound frequency, power density, temperature and pH of the medium on degradation performance for endocrine disrupting compounds. In addition, this review highlighted techno-economic perspectives focusing on the total cost required for translating the ultrasound-based processes on a large scale. Overall, the objective of this study is to exhibit a critical review of information available in the literature to encourage and promote future research on sonolysis for the degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Ghosh
- Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory, Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Manoranjan Sahu
- Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory, Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Inter-Disciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Estrada-Flórez SE, Serna-Galvis EA, Lee J, Torres-Palma RA. Unraveling kinetic and synergistic effects during ultrasound-enhanced carbocatalysis for water remediation as a function of ultrasonic frequency. J Environ Manage 2024; 350:119548. [PMID: 38007926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the ultrasound (US) combined with peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and a carbonaceous material (BC) was evaluated in the degradation of a model pollutant (acetaminophen, ACE). The US/BC/PMS system was compared with other possible systems (US, oxidation by PMS, BC adsorption, BC/PMS, US/PMS, and US/BC. The effect of the ultrasonic frequency (40, 375, and 1135 kHz) on the kinetics and synergy of the ACE removal was evaluated. In the US system, kinetics was favored at 375 kHz due to the increased production of hydroxyl radicals (HO•), but this did not improve in the US/PMS and US/BC systems. However, synergistic and antagonistic effects were observed at the low and high frequencies where the production of radicals is less efficient but there is an activation of PMS through mechanical effects. US/BC/PMS at 40 kHz was the most efficient system obtaining ∼95% ACE removal (40 μM) in the first 10 min of treatment, and high synergy (S = 10.30). This was promoted by disaggregation of the carbonaceous material, increasing the availability of catalytic sites where PMS is activated. The coexistence of free-radical and non-radical pathways was analyzed. Singlet oxygen (1O2) played the dominant role in degradation, while HO• and sulfate radicals (SO4•-), scarcely generated at low frequency, play a minimum role. Performance in hospital wastewater (HWW), urine, and seawater (SW) evidenced the competition of organic matter by BC active sites and reactive species and the removal enhancement when Cl- is present. Besides, toxicity decreased by ∼20% after treatment, being the system effective after three cycles of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Estrada-Flórez
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Catalizadores y Adsorbentes (CATALAD), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Judy Lee
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU27XH, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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7
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Sidnell T, Caceres Cobos AJ, Hurst J, Lee J, Bussemaker MJ. Flow and temporal effects on the sonolytic defluorination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 101:106667. [PMID: 38039593 PMCID: PMC10711240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) pollution from the environment is a globally pressing issue, due to some PFAS' recalcitrant, bioaccumulative, and carcinogenic nature. Destruction via ultrasonic waves (sonolysis) is a promising contender for industrialisation due to; moderate power consumption, applicability to several PFAS and sample types, and limited by-products. Liquid flow rate through an ultrasonic reactor can affect the size, shape, and spatial distribution of ultrasonic cavities and hence their chemical activity. Such effects have not been studied during PFAS sonolysis, and temporal effects have not been studied much beyond the reactant concentration. Here, the effects of varying recirculating flow rate on the ultrasonic defluorination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and implications for industrial scale up are presented. Under the ultrasonic power (200 W L-1, 2.27 W cm-2) and frequency (410 kHz) used, flow rates of 79 and 214 ml min-1 enhanced defluorination up to 14 % during 30 min of treatment. However, these effects were temporal and most significant in the initial minutes of treatment. This indicated a dynamic bubble size distribution which stabilised after around 15 min. Defluorination rates of PFOS were compared with measured potassium iodide dosimetry, calorimetry, sonoluminescence (SL), and sonochemiluminescence (SCL). Flow rates which enhanced defluorination correlated moderately with enhanced SCL and negatively impacted SL, calorimetry, and dosimetry. Effects were attributed to perturbed cavity surfaces, leading to asymmetric cavity collapse, and the possibility of enhanced solvated electron production/interaction. SL, SCL, dosimetry, and calorimetric measurements were also temporal, and each showed different times to equilibrate. Flow rates of 439 and 889 ml min-1 returned all sonochemical measurements to the levels without flow, likely due to continued collapse temperature quenching by furthered bubble asymmetry. Flow also enhanced reactor cooling, which is significant for industrial temperature control. The pump energy consumed was small (≈1.9 %) compared to that of the amplifier and chiller, hence, PFOS defluorination was more cost-effective using flow. However, the effect may be limited for the longer treatment times needed for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sidnell
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Angel J Caceres Cobos
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Hurst
- ARCADIS, 1 Whitehall Riverside, Leeds LS1 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Lee
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine J Bussemaker
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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Liu P, Wu Z, Fang Z, Cravotto G. Sonolytic degradation kinetics and mechanisms of antibiotics in water and cow milk. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 99:106518. [PMID: 37572426 PMCID: PMC10433014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics (ABX) residues frequently occurred in water and cow milk. This work aims to understand the kinetics and mechanisms of sonolytic degradation of four ABX, i.e. ceftiofur hydrochloride (CEF), sulfamonomethoxine sodium (SMM), marbofloxacin (MAR), and oxytetracycline (OTC) in water and milk. In both water and milk, the sonolytic degradation of ABX follows pseudo-first order (PFO) kinetics well (R2: 0.951-0.999), with significantly faster ABX degradation in water (PFO kinetics constants (k1): 1.5 × 10-3-1.2 × 10-1 min-1) than in milk (k1: 3.5 × 10-4-5.6 × 10-2 min-1). The k1 values for SMM degradation in water increased by 118% with ultrasonic frequency (40-120 kHz), 174% with ultrasonic frequency (80-500 kHz), 649% with ultrasonic power (73-259 W), 22% with bulk temperature (12-40℃), and by 68% with reaction volume (50-250 mL), respectively, in other things being equal. The relevant k1 values in milk increased by 326%, 231%, 122%, 10% as well as 82% with the above same effective factors, respectively. The oxidation by free radicals generated in situ dominates ABX degradation, and the hydrophobic CEF (54.0-971.7 nM min-1) and SMM (39.2-798.4 nM min-1) underwent faster degradation than the hydrophilic MAR (33.9-751.9 nM min-1) and OTC (33.8-545.3 nM min-1) in both water and milk. Adding an extra 0.5 mM H2O2 accelerated SMM degradation by 19% in water and 33% in milk. After 130-150 min sonication of 100 mL of 2.0 mg L-1 (6.62 μM) SMM in various milk with 500 kHz and 259 W, the residue concentrations (52.9-96.3 μg L-1) can meet the relevant maximum residue limit (100 μg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Liu
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Zhilin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shantou University, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, 515063 Shantou, China.
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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Ferkous H, Hamdaoui O, Pétrier C. Sonochemical formation of peroxynitrite in water: Impact of ultrasonic frequency and power. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 98:106488. [PMID: 37343396 PMCID: PMC10422110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of literature on peroxynitrite formation due to sonolysis of aerated water. In this work, the impact of sonication parameters, frequency and power, on ultrasonic peroxynitrite production in aerated alkaline water was investigated. Peroxynitrite formation was clearly established with undeniable evidence at all the tested frequencies in the range of 516-1140 kHz with a typical G-value (energy-specific yield) of 0.777 × 10-10, 0.627 × 10-10, 0.425 × 10-10 and 0.194 × 10-10 mol/J at 516, 558, 860 and 1140 kHz, respectively. The ultrasonication frequency has a direct impact on the sonochemical peroxynitrite production. Increasing the ultrasonication frequency in the interval 321-1140 kHz reduces peroxynitrite formation. The most practical sonochemistry dosimetries, including hydrogen peroxide production, triiodide dosimetry, Fricke dosimetry, and 4-nitrocatechol formation, were compared with the sonochemical efficiency of the reactors used to produce peroxynitrite. The G-value, energy specific yield, for the tested dosimetries was higher than that for peroxynitrite formation, regardless of frequency. For all chemical dosimetries investigated, the same trend of frequency dependence was found as for peroxynitrite generation. The influence of ultrasonication power on peroxynitrite formation by sonication at diverse frequencies in the interval 585-1140 kHz was studied. No peroxynitrite was formed at lower acoustic power levels, regardless of frequency. As the frequency increases, more power is required for peroxynitrite formation. The production of peroxynitrite increased as the acoustic power increased, despite the frequency of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic power is a key factor in the production of peroxynitrite by sonolysis. Since peroxynitrite is uniformly distributed in the bulk solution, peroxynitrite-sensitive solutes can be transformed both in the bulk of the solution and in the surfacial region (shell) of the cavitation bubble. The formation of peroxynitrite should be taken into account in sonochemistry, especially at higher pH values. Ultrasonic peroxynitrite formation in alkaline solution (pH 12) can be considered as a kind of chemical dosimetry in sonochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ferkous
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Christian Pétrier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INP Grenoble, LRP, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Ran J, Duan H, Srinivasakannan C, Yao J, Yin S, Zhang L. Effective removal of organics from Bayer liquor through combined sonolysis and ozonation: Kinetics and mechanism. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 88:106106. [PMID: 35921714 PMCID: PMC9352555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic compounds in the waste liquor is of serious environmental concern that has plagued the development of alumina industry (Bayer Process). The present work attempts to develop a green and efficient process for removal of organics utilizing combined effect of sonolysis and ozonation (US/O3). The effects of reaction duration, ozone concentration and ultrasonic power are assessed for sonolysis (US), ozonation (O3) and combination of sonolysis and ozonation (US/O3). The optimal conditions for US/O3 treatment system is identified to be a reaction duration of 7 h, ozone concentration of 7.65 g/h, and ultrasonic power of 600 W. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal and decolorization are 60.13% and 87.1%, respectively. The process can be scaled-up to industrial scale, which could potentially serve to be a convenient, safe and sustainable alternative to the exisiting treatment technologies. Additionally, the treated waste water can be reused contributing to an improvement in the overall economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ran
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Haisheng Duan
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Yunnan Wenshan Aluminum Co., Ltd., Wenshan, Yunnan 663000, China
| | - C Srinivasakannan
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jiashu Yao
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Shaohua Yin
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Libo Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
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11
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Sidnell T, Wood RJ, Hurst J, Lee J, Bussemaker MJ. Sonolysis of per- and poly fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A meta-analysis. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 87:105944. [PMID: 35688120 PMCID: PMC9184745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Human ingestion of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from contaminated food and water is linked to the development of several cancers, birth defects and other illnesses. The complete mineralisation of aqueous PFAS by ultrasound (sonolysis) into harmless inorganics has been demonstrated in many studies. However, the range and interconnected nature of reaction parameters (frequency, power, temperature etc.), and variety of reaction metrics used, limits understanding of degradation mechanisms and parametric trends. This work summarises the state-of-the-art for PFAS sonolysis, considering reaction mechanisms, kinetics, intermediates, products, rate limiting steps, reactant and product measurement techniques, and effects of co-contaminants. The meta-analysis showed that mid-high frequency (100 - 1,000 kHz) sonolysis mechanisms are similar, regardless of reaction conditions, while the low frequency (20 - 100 kHz) mechanisms are specific to oxidative species added, less well understood, and generally slower than mid-high frequency mechanisms. Arguments suggest that PFAS degradation occurs via adsorption (not absorption) at the bubble interface, followed by headgroup cleavage. Further mechanistic steps toward mineralisation remain to be proven. For the first time, complete stoichiometric reaction equations are derived for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) sonolysis, which add H2 as a reaction product and consider CO an intermediate. Fluorinated intermediate products are derived for common, and more novel PFAS, and a naming system proposed for novel perfluoroether carboxylates. The meta-analysis also revealed the transition between pseudo first and zero order PFOA/S kinetics commonly occurs at 15 - 40 µM. Optimum values of; ultrasonic frequency (300 - 500 kHz), concentration (>15 - 40 μM), temperature (≈20 °C), and pH range (3.2 - 4) for rapid PFOX degradation are derived by evaluation of prior works, while optimum values for the dilution factor applied to PFAS containing firefighting foams and applied power require further work. Rate limiting steps are debated and F- is shown to be rate enhancing, while SO42- and CO2 by products are theorised to be rate limiting. Sonolysis was compared to other PFAS destructive technologies and shown to be the only treatment which fully mineralises PFAS, degrades different PFAS in order of decreasing hydrophobicity, is parametrically well studied, and has low-moderate energy requirements (several kWh g-1 PFAS). It is concluded that sonolysis of PFAS in environmental samples would be well incorporated within a treatment train for improved efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sidnell
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard James Wood
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Hurst
- ARCADIS, 1 Whitehall Riverside, Leeds LS1 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Lee
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine J Bussemaker
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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Glienke J, Schillberg W, Stelter M, Braeutigam P. Prediction of degradability of micropollutants by sonolysis in water with QSPR - a case study on phenol derivates. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 82:105867. [PMID: 34920352 PMCID: PMC8799606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing quantity and variety of organic contaminants discharged into surface and groundwater increase the necessity of additional and suitable water treatment methods, which can be incorporated into existing wastewater treatment plants. The huge variety of micropollutants and local variability of the composition of the organic load or matrix effects paired with multiple possible degradation processes lead to the requirement of a recommendation tool for the best possible water treatment method under given local conditions. Due to the diversity of physicochemical properties of micropollutants, such predictions are challenging. In this study, a quantitative correlation between the structural properties of certain micropollutants and their degradability using high-frequency sonolysis has been investigated. Therefore, Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) has been applied on a set of phenol derivates. To obtain the kinetic data, all experiments have been conducted in standardized, constant conditions for all 32 investigated phenol derivates. QSPR modelling was then executed using the software PaDEL for descriptor calculation and the software QSARINS for the overall modelling process including genetic algorithm (GA) and multiple linear regression (MLR). The final model consisting of 5 molecular descriptors was selected using a multi-criteria decision-making method based on extensive statistical parameters. The predictive power and robustness of the model was evaluated by means of internal cross validation and external validation using an independent validation set. The final selected model showed very good values for regression abilities, predictive power as well as stability (R2adj = 0.9455, CCCtr = 0.9777, Q2loo = 0.9285, CCCext = 0.9797 and Q2ext-F1 = 0.9711). The applicability domain of the QSPR model was defined based on the Williams plot and Insubria plot. The five OECD principles for the application of QSPR/QSAR modelling in industry and regulation were fulfilled in the whole process to the best of our knowledge, including the collection of the underlying experimental data as well as the entire modelling process. The final QSPR model included the molecular polarity and occurrence of hydrogen bonds as major influences on the reaction rate constants in accordance with previous studies. Nevertheless, potential biases in the selection of these descriptors due to the small size of the dataset were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Glienke
- Institute of Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Willy Schillberg
- Institute of Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Stelter
- Institute of Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Fraunhofer IKTS, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Michael-Faraday-Straße 1, 07629 Hermsdorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Braeutigam
- Institute of Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Fraunhofer IKTS, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Michael-Faraday-Straße 1, 07629 Hermsdorf, Germany.
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Ryu B, Wong KT, Choong CE, Kim JR, Kim H, Kim SH, Jeon BH, Yoon Y, Snyder SA, Jang M. Degradation synergism between sonolysis and photocatalysis for organic pollutants with different hydrophobicity: A perspective of mechanism and application for high mineralization efficiency. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:125787. [PMID: 33862480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies, the fundamental understanding of synergistic mechanisms between sonolysis and photocatalysis for the abatement of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remains uncertain. As different phases formed under ultrasound irradiation, hydrophilic POPs, sulfamethoxazole (SMX, Kow: 0.89), predominantly resides in bulk liquid and is ineffectively degraded by sonolysis (kUS = 3.33 × 10-3 min-1) since <10% of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) formed at the gas-liquid interface of cavitation is diffused into the bulk, whereas the other fraction rapidly recombines into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study provides a proof-of-concept for the mechanism by presenting various analytical results, endorsing the synergistic role of photoexcited electrons in splitting sonolysis-induced H2O2 into ·OH, particularly in the bulk phase. In a sonophotocatalytic system, the hydrophobic POPs such as bisphenol A (BPA) and atrazine (ATZ) were mainly degraded in gas-liquid interface indicated by the low synergistic values correlation compared to SMX [i.e., SMX has a higher synergistic factor, fsyn (3.26) than BPA (1.30) and ATZ (1.35)]. Also, fsyn was found linearly correlated with the contribution factor of photocatalysis to split H2O2. Three times of consecutive kinetics using an effluent of municipal (MP) wastewater spiked by POPs presented >98% POPs and >96% total organic carbon (TOC) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baekha Ryu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Kien Tiek Wong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choe Earn Choong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
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Okitsu K, Kurisaka I, Nanzai B, Takenaka N, Bandow H. Mechanism for sonochemical reduction of Au(III) in aqueous butanol solution under Ar based on the analysis of gaseous and water-soluble products. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 69:105241. [PMID: 32645664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
When an aqueous Au(III) solution containing 1-butanol was sonicated under Ar, Au(III) was reduced to Au(0) to form Au particles. This is because various reducing species are formed during sonication, but the reactivity of these species has not yet been evaluated in detail. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the effects of Au(III) on the rates of the formation of gaseous and water-soluble compounds (CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, CO, CO2, H2, H2O2, and aldehydes), and the rate of Au(III) reduction as a function of 1-butanol concentration. The following facts were recognized: 1) for Au(III) reduction, the contribution of the radicals formed by the pyrolysis of 1-butanol was higher than that of the secondary radicals formed by the abstraction reactions of 1-butanol with ·OH, 2) ·CH3 and CO acted as reductants, 3) the contribution of ·H to Au(III) reduction was small in the presence of 1-butanol, 4) aldehydes and H2 did not act as reductants, and 5) the types of species that reduced Au(III) changed with 1-butanol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Okitsu
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sustainable System Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Itsuya Kurisaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ben Nanzai
- Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 2200-2 Yoyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-8555, Japan
| | - Norimichi Takenaka
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sustainable System Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Bandow
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Arslan E, Hekimoglu BS, Cinar SA, Ince N, Aviyente V. Hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation of salicylic acid and methyl paraben: an experimental and computational approach to assess the reaction mechanisms. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:33125-33134. [PMID: 31520381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using various energy sources and oxidants to produce reactive oxygen species are widely used for the destruction of recalcitrant water contaminants. The current study is about the degradation of two emerging pollutants-salicylic acid (SA) and methyl paraben (MP)-by high-frequency ultrasonication followed by identification of the oxidation byproducts and modeling of the reaction mechanisms using the density functional theory (DFT). The study also encompasses prediction of the aquatic toxicity and potential risk of the identified byproducts to some aquatic organisms bussing the ECOSAR (Ecological Structure Activity Relationships) protocol. It was found that the degradation of both compounds was governed by •OH attack and the pathways consisted of a cascade of reactions. The rate determining steps were decarboxylation (~ 60 kcal mol-1) and bond breakage reactions (~ 80 kcal mol-1), which were triggered by the stability of the reaction byproducts and overcome by the applied reaction conditions. Estimated values of the acute toxicities showed that only few of the byproducts were harmful to aquatic organisms, implying the environmental friendliness of the experimental method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Savun Hekimoglu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sesil Agopcan Cinar
- Department of Chemistry, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilsun Ince
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department of Chemistry, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Rayaroth MP, Aravind UK, Aravindakumar CT. Effect of inorganic ions on the ultrasound initiated degradation and product formation of triphenylmethane dyes. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 48:482-491. [PMID: 30080575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes are an important category of dyes with a variety of industrial applications and consequently, these are found in the aquatic environment at relatively higher concentrations. Here, we report the degradation of two important TPM dyes (para rosaniline (PRA) and ethyl violet (EV)) in an aqueous medium by ultrasound which is one among the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). The main objective of this work is to study the effect of various inorganic ions on the degradation and the product formation of TPM dyes from the sonochemical reactions. Using a typical concentration of 10 ppm dyes and an ultrasonic frequency of 350 kHz and power of 60 W, a complete degradation of EV and PRA was observed with a pseudo first order rate constant of 0.2339 min-1 and 0.1956 min-1, respectively. The product analyses using high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) revealed the formation of hydroxylated, de-alkylated, and other collapsed conjugated structure destructed products. The evolution of these products in the presence of various inorganic ions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, and CO3-) showed that only carbonate ions had a significant impact on the product evolution. The carbonate ions facilitated the formation of conjugated structure destructed product for both the dyes. This is attributed to the reactivity of carbonate radical, which facilitated the formation of carbon-centered radicals. This carbon-centered radical further undergoes reaction to cause the destruction of conjugated structures. This is confirmed by the identification of the corresponding product peaks in the mass spectra. The scavenging effect of carbonate ions was also reflected in the product study where there is a reduction in the formation of most of the hydroxylated products. One of the major inorganic species in any wastewater is carbonate ions and therefore the present result is very relevant to the understanding of oxidation based treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Usha K Aravind
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India; Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
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Viszlayová D, Brozman M, Langová K, Herzig R, Školoudík D. Sonolysis in risk reduction of symptomatic and silent brain infarctions during coronary stenting (SONOREDUCE): Randomized, controlled trial. Int J Cardiol 2018; 267:62-67. [PMID: 29859706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silent brain infarcts can be detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in ~22% of patients after coronary angioplasty and stenting (CS). The effect of periprocedural sonolysis on the risk of new brain infarcts during CS was examined. METHODS Patients undergoing elective CS were allocated randomly to a bilateral sonolysis group (70 patients, 58 men; mean age, 59.9 years) or a control group (74 patients, 45 men; mean age, 65.5 years). Neurologic examination, cognitive function tests, and brain MRI were performed prior to intervention and at 24 h after CS. Neurologic examination and cognitive function tests were repeated at 30 days after CS. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the number of patients with new infarcts (25.7 vs. 18.9%, P = 0.423), the number of lesions (1.3 ± 1.0 vs. 2.9 ± 5.3, P = 0.493), lesion volume (0.16 ± 0.34 vs. 0.28 ± 0.60 mL, P = 0.143), and the number of patients with new ischemic lesions in the insonated MCA territories (18.6vs. 17.6%, P = 0.958) between the sonolysis group and the control group. There were no cases of stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, or death in the two groups. Intracranial bleeding was reported only in 1 patient in the control group (0 vs. 1.4%, P = 0.888). Clock-drawing test scores at 30 days were significantly higher in the sonolysis group than in the control group (median 3.0 vs. 2.5, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Sonolysis does not reduce the risk of new brain infarcts after CS. The effect of sonolysis on number and volume of ischemic lesions and cognitive function should be assessed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Viszlayová
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital Nitra and Constantine Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Brozman
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital Nitra and Constantine Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kateřina Langová
- Centre for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Herzig
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David Školoudík
- Centre for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Okoli CU, Kuttiyiel KA, Cole J, McCutchen J, Tawfik H, Adzic RR, Mahajan D. Solvent effect in sonochemical synthesis of metal-alloy nanoparticles for use as electrocatalysts. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 41:427-434. [PMID: 29137771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are now widely used in the fabrication of electrodes and electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a sonochemical study of the synthesis of molybdenum and palladium alloy nanomaterials supported on functionalized carbon material in various solvents: hexadecane, ethanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and Ionic liquids (ILs). The objective was to identify simple and more environmentally friendly design and fabrication methods for nanomaterial synthesis that are suitable as electrocatalysts in electrochemical applications. The particles size and distribution of nanomaterials were compared on two different carbons as supports: activated carbon and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The results show that carbon materials functionalized with ILs in ethanol/deionized water mixture solvent produced smaller particles sizes (3.00 ± 0.05 nm) with uniform distribution while in PEG 400, functionalized materials produced 4.00 ± 1 nm sized particles with uneven distribution (range). In hexadecane solvents with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping ligands, large particle sizes (14.00 ± 1 nm) were produced with wide particle size distribution. The metal alloy nanoparticles produced in ILs without any external reducing agent have potential to exhibit a higher catalytic activity due to smaller particle size and uniform distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celest U Okoli
- Advanced Energy Research & Technology Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States; Materials Science & Chemical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Kurian A Kuttiyiel
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States
| | - Jesse Cole
- Materials Science & Chemical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - J McCutchen
- Materials Science & Chemical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Hazem Tawfik
- Institute for Research and Technology Transfer, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, NY 11735, United States
| | - Radoslav R Adzic
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States
| | - Devinder Mahajan
- Advanced Energy Research & Technology Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States; Materials Science & Chemical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
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Rayaroth MP, Aravind UK, Aravindakumar CT. Role of in-situ nitrite ion formation on the sonochemical transformation of para-aminosalicylic acid. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 40:213-220. [PMID: 28946418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The sonochemical transformation of para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), a widely used antibiotic and an identified Emerging Pollutant (EP) under the class of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs), have been investigated in aqueous medium. Ultrasound having frequency of 350kHz and power of 80W was utilized for the degradation of PAS. A complete degradation (100%) of PAS after 60min and about 83% of COD removal after 120min of sonication, were obtained. Fourteen intermediate products were identified using LC-Q-TOF-MS. On a comparison with UV/H2O2 method, it is understood that four products out of fourteen were nitro derivatives which are formed only in the sonolysis, and the rest are from hydroxyl radicals. The involvement of nitrite which is formed from the sonolysis of solution containing PAS, in the formation of the other four nitro products has been established from the control studies. Nitrite ion partially scavenge hydroxyl radical in the course of the reaction to form nitrite radical which is the reactive species for the production of nitro compounds. It is, therefore, proposed that in addition to hydroxyl radical, contribution of in-situ generated nitrite also plays an important role in the sonochemical transformation of PAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Usha K Aravind
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India; Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India.
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Thomas S, Abraham SV, Aravind UK, Aravindakumar CT. Enhanced degradation of acid red 1 dye using a coupled system of zero valent iron nanoparticles and sonolysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:24533-24544. [PMID: 28905281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous catalytic degradation of a model azo dye, acid red 1 (AR1), initiated by zero valent iron nanoparticles (ZVINP), and its synergic effect with ultrasound (US) have been investigated in the present study. The treatment of AR1 using ZVINP at pH 3 showed maximum efficiency in terms of colour removal (53.0%) and mineralization (48.5% TOC reduction) after 25 min of reaction. However, the coupling of this system with US showed an enhanced efficiency against the decolourization and mineralization of AR1. More than 95% colour removal was achieved within 5 min in the case of US/ZVINP system. Around 55% TOC reduction suggests the conversion of the parent molecules in to aromatic transformed products, and it is further supported by LC-Q-TOF analysis. The remarkably higher efficiency in the coupled system is attributed to the synergic effect of ZVINPs and ultrasound. The highest degradation rates observed at highly acidic (pH 3) and alkaline pH (pH 9) suggests that different mechanisms are operating at both pH. The products identified gave some insight into the mechanism. The ZVINPs prepared in the present study was easily recoverable (and reusable) and hence may be considered as an effective replacement for the conventional Fenton's reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoniya Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sijumon V Abraham
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Usha K Aravind
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
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Shen Y, Xu Q, Wei R, Ma J, Wang Y. Mechanism and dynamic study of reactive red X-3B dye degradation by ultrasonic-assisted ozone oxidation process. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 38:681-692. [PMID: 27543360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of ozone combined with ultrasound techniques in degrading reactive red X-3B is evaluated. A comparison among ozone (O3), ultrasonic (US), ozone/ultrasonic (O3/US) for degradation of reactive red X-3B has been performed. Results show that O3/US system was the most effective and the optimally synergetic factor reaches to 1.42 in O3/US system. The cavitation of ultrasound plays an important role during the degradation process. It is found that 99.2% of dye is degraded within 6min of reaction at the initial concentration of 100mg·L-1, pH of 6.52, ozone flux of 40L·h-1 and ultrasonic intensity of 200W·L-1. Ozonation reactions in conjunction with sonolysis indicate that the decomposition followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics but the degradation efficiencies are affected by operating conditions, particularly initial pH and ultrasonic intensity. A kinetic model is established based on the reaction corresponding to operational parameters. In addition, the main reaction intermediates, such as p-benzoquinone, catechol, hydroquinone, phthalic anhydride and phthalic acid, are separated and identified using GC/MS and a possible degradation pathway is proposed during the O3/US process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Qihui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Rongrong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jialing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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22
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Ogutu FO, Mu TH. Ultrasonic degradation of sweet potato pectin and its antioxidant activity. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 38:726-734. [PMID: 27617769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ultrasound factors (time, power, and duty cycle) on sweet potato pectin molecular weight, neutral sugar composition, pectin structure, and antioxidant activity was investigated. Sweet potato pectin dispersions (0.0025, 0.005 and 0.01g/mL) in deionized water were sonolyzed for 5, 10 and 20min to assess effect of sonication time and pectin concentration on sonolysis. For further experiments 0.0025g/mL was sonicated under varying ultrasonic power and duty cycle levels, subsequently the molecular weight, galacturonic acid content, degree of methoxylation and antioxidant activity of sonicated pectin products were investigated. Results showed that ultrasound treatment reduced pectin molecular weight, while polydispersity did not show clear trend which characterized random pectin scission, increasing duty cycle from 20% to 80% resulted in approximately threefold reduction in pectin molecular weight, increased sonication power from 100W to 400W led to significant increase in galacturonic acid content from 72.0±1.2% in native pectin to between 85.0±3.2% and 92.0±2.7%, the degree of methoxylation significantly reduced from 12.0±3.0% to between 5.25% and 6.28%, sonication led to increase in galactose and decrease in rhamnose consistent with debranching of pectin. Moreover, sonication lead to increased antioxidant capacity, both 200W and 400W sonicated pectin having higher ORAC and FRAP values, with highest pectin concentration 4mg/mL in ORAC and 0.8mg/ml in FRAP giving substantially high antioxidant activity than native and 100W treated pectin. The ORAC value of 400W sonicated pectin increased five hold above the native pectin, while it's FRAP value was almost three fold higher than native pectin. However, ultrasound did not alter pectin primary structure as showed by FTIR and HPAEC results. The results indicated that ultrasound offers effective and green process for pectin transformation and creation of antioxidant potent pectin products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Onyango Ogutu
- Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, PO Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China; Food Technology Division of Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, South C - Popo Rd., Off Mombasa Rd., PO Box 30650-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tai-Hua Mu
- Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, PO Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China.
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23
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Khataee A, Kayan B, Kalderis D, Karimi A, Akay S, Konsolakis M. Ultrasound-assisted removal of Acid Red 17 using nanosized Fe 3O 4-loaded coffee waste hydrochar. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 35:72-80. [PMID: 27637143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Fe3O4-loaded coffee waste hydrochar (Fe3O4-CHC) was synthesized using a simple precipitation method. The as-prepared adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The EDX analysis indicated the presence of Fe in the structure of Fe3O4-CHC. The specific surface area of hydrochar increased from 17.2 to 34.7m2/g after loading of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto it. The prepared Fe3O4-CHC was used for removal of Acid Red 17 (AR17) through ultrasound-assisted process. The decolorization efficiency decreased from 100 to 74% with the increase in initial dye concentration and from 100 to 91 and 85% in the presence of NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively. The synthesized Fe3O4-CHC exhibited good stability in the repeated adsorption-desorption cycles. The high correlation coefficient (R2=0.997) obtained from Langmuir model indicated that physical and monolayer adsorption of dye molecules occurred on the Fe3O4-CHC surface. Furthermore, the by-products generated through the degradation of AR17 was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Berkant Kayan
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, School of Applied Sciences, Technological and Educational Institute of Crete, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Atefeh Karimi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sema Akay
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Michalis Konsolakis
- Department of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece
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Hrbáč T, Netuka D, Beneš V, Nosáľ V, Kešnerová P, Tomek A, Fadrná T, Beneš V, Fiedler J, Přibáň V, Brozman M, Langová K, Herzig R, Školoudík D. SONOlysis in prevention of Brain InfaRctions During Internal carotid Endarterectomy (SONOBIRDIE) trial - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:25. [PMID: 28095924 PMCID: PMC5240392 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a beneficial procedure for selected patients with an internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Surgical risk of CEA varies from between 2 and 15%. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of sonolysis (continual transcranial Doppler monitoring, TCD) using a 2-MHz diagnostic probe with maximal diagnostic energy on the reduction of the incidence of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and brain infarction detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by the activation of the endogenous fibrinolytic system during CEA. METHODS/DESIGN Design: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. SCOPE international, multicenter trial for patients with at least 70% symptomatic or asymptomatic ICA stenosis undergoing CEA. INCLUSION CRITERIA patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic ICA stenosis of at least 70% are candidates for CEA; a sufficient temporal bone window for TCD; aged 40-85 years, functionally independent; provision of signed informed consent. Randomization: consecutive patients will be assigned to the sonolysis or control (sham procedure) group by computer-generated 1:1 randomization. Prestudy calculations showed that a minimum of 704 patients in each group is needed to reach a significant difference with an alpha value of 0.05 (two-tailed) and a beta value of 0.8 assuming that 10% would be lost to follow-up or refuse to participate in the study (estimated 39 endpoints). ENDPOINTS the primary endpoint is the incidence of stroke or TIA during 30 days after CEA and the incidence of new ischemic lesions on brain MRI performed 24 h after CEA in the sonolysis and control groups. Secondary endpoints are occurrence of death, any stroke, or myocardial infarction within 30 days, changes in cognitive functions 1 year post procedure related to pretreatment scores, and number of new lesions and occurrence of new lesions ≥0.5 mL on post-procedural brain MRI. ANALYSIS descriptive statistics and linear/logistic multiple regression models will be performed. Clinical relevance will be measured as relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and the number needed to treat. DISCUSSION Reduction of the periprocedural complications of CEA using sonolysis as a widely available and cheap method may significantly increase the safety of CEA and extend the indication criteria for CEA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02398734 . Registered on 20 March 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Hrbáč
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Stroke Center, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Netuka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Beneš
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Nosáľ
- Department of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Kešnerová
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Tomek
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Táňa Fadrná
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Stroke Center, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Center for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Beneš
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Liberec Hospital, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Fiedler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Stroke Center, České Budějovice Hospital, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Stroke Center, University Hospital Plzeň, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Přibáň
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Stroke Center, University Hospital Plzeň, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Brozman
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital Nitra, Constantine Philosopher University Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kateřina Langová
- Center for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Herzig
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David Školoudík
- Center for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Center, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Tran N, Drogui P, Brar SK, De Coninck A. Synergistic effects of ultrasounds in the sonoelectrochemical oxidation of pharmaceutical carbamazepine pollutant. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 34:380-388. [PMID: 27773260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effects were evaluated during the oxidation of carbamazepine using a sono-electrochemical process. The sono-electrochemical oxidation was performed using two types of experimental units (having 1L and 100L of working volume, respectively) and containing one anode (Ti/PbO2) and one cathode (Ti). Different operating parameters, including power of ultrasounds, current intensity and reaction time were investigated. The degree of synergy increased when the current intensity decreased, whereas it increased with the power of ultrasounds imposed. The highest value of the synergy degree (33%) was recorded for the lowest current intensity (1.0A) and the highest power of ultrasounds (40W). Likewise, the benefits of ultrasound were observed during a long-term period of treatment of CBZ (30days of experiments without interruption). A relatively high degradation rate was recorded using the sono-electrochemical process (99.5%) (at I=1A, P=40W), compared to a percentage of CBZ degradation of 91% recorded during electrolysis alone (at I=1A, P=0W). Likewise, the scanning electron microscopy views and the measurements of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that there are not impurities deposited on the surface of electrode in the present of ultrasounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Tran
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Qc, Canada.
| | - Satinder K Brar
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Arnaud De Coninck
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Qc, Canada
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Thokchom B, Qiu P, Cui M, Park B, Pandit AB, Khim J. Magnetic Pd@Fe 3O 4 composite nanostructure as recoverable catalyst for sonoelectrohybrid degradation of Ibuprofen. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 34:262-272. [PMID: 27773244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, the degradation of an emerging pharmaceutical micro-pollutant, Ibuprofen (IBP) by using Pd@Fe3O4 and a hybrid sono-electrolytical (US/EC) treatment system has been demonstrated for the first time. The magnetically separable nanocomposite, Pd@Fe3O4 catalyst was synthesized following co-precipitation method to enhance the efficiency of US/EC system. The synthesized catalyst showed a strong reusable property even after applying for five times and in all the five cases, 100% degradation of IBP was maintained. It not only enhanced the IBP degradation rate, but also reduced the energy consumption of the system by ∼35%. Its strong magnetization value of 64.27emug-1 made it easily separable. Hence, a comprehensive knowledge on the application of combined energy based US/EC system and magnetically separable multifunctional catalysts for degradation of intractable pollutants like Ibuprofen was achieved, assuring that US/EC can be an effective option for IBP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binota Thokchom
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Pengpeng Qiu
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Mingcan Cui
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Beomguk Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Aniruddha B Pandit
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India.
| | - Jeehyeong Khim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
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27
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Vieira Dos Santos E, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA. Treating soil-washing fluids polluted with oxyfluorfen by sono-electrolysis with diamond anodes. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 34:115-122. [PMID: 27773225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This works is focused on the treatment by sono-electrolysis of the liquid effluents produced during the Surfactant-Aided Soil-Washing (SASW) of soils spiked with herbicide oxyfluorfen. Results show that this combined technology is very efficient and attains the complete mineralization of the waste, regardless of the surfactant/soil radio applied in the SASW process (which is the main parameter of the soil remediation process and leads to very different wastes). Both the surfactant and the herbicide are completely degraded, even when single electrolysis is used; and only two intermediates are detected by HPLC in very low concentrations. Conversely, the efficiency of single sonolysis approach, for the oxidation of pollutant, is very low and just small changes in the herbicides and surfactant concentrations are observed during the tests carried out. Sono-electrolysis with diamond electrodes achieved higher degradation rates than those obtained by single sonolysis and/or single electrolysis with diamond anodes. A key role of sulfate is developed, when it is released after the electrochemical degradation of surfactant. The efficient catalytic effect observed which can be explained by the anodic formation of persulfate and the later, a sono-activation is attained to produce highly efficient sulfate radicals. The effect of irradiating US is more importantly observed in the pesticide than in the surfactant, in agreement with the well-known behavior of these radicals which are known to oxidize more efficiently aromatic compounds than aliphatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vieira Dos Santos
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Rodriguez-Freire L, Abad-Fernández N, Sierra-Alvarez R, Hoppe-Jones C, Peng H, Giesy JP, Snyder S, Keswani M. Sonochemical degradation of perfluorinated chemicals in aqueous film-forming foams. J Hazard Mater 2016; 317:275-283. [PMID: 27295064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are complex mixtures containing 1-5% w/w fluorocarbons (FCs). Here, we have investigated degradation of two commercial AFFF formulations, 3M and Ansul, using sound field at 500kHz and 1MHz, with varying initial concentrations ranging from 200 to 930× dilution. The foams were readily degraded by 1MHz, with percentage of defluorination ranging from 11.1±1.4% (200× dilution of 3M) to 47.1±5.8% (500× dilution of Ansul). Removal of total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from 16.0±1.4% (200× dilution Ansul) to 39.0±7.2% (500× dilution Ansul). Degradation of AFFF was affected by sound frequency with rates of defluorination 10-fold greater when the frequency was 1MHz than when it was 500kHz. Mineralization of TOC was 1.5- to 3.0-fold greater under 1MHz than 500kHz. Rate of fluoride release was 60% greater for the greatest initial concentration of FC in Ansul compared to the least initial concentration. While the rate of mineralization of AFFF was directly proportional to the initial concentration of Ansul, that was not the case for 3M, where the rates of mineralization were approximately the same for all three initial concentrations. Results of the study demonstrate that sonolysis is a promising technology to effectively treat AFFFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rodriguez-Freire
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210012, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nerea Abad-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, EII, Sede Mergelina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christiane Hoppe-Jones
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Shane Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Manish Keswani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210012, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Jordens J, Bamps B, Gielen B, Braeken L, Van Gerven T. The effects of ultrasound on micromixing. Ultrason Sonochem 2016; 32:68-78. [PMID: 27150747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Villermaux-Dushman reaction is a widely used technique to study micromixing efficiencies with and without sonication. This paper shows that ultrasound can interfere with this reaction by sonolysis of potassium iodide, which is excessively available in the Villermaux-Dushman solution, into triiodide ions. Some corrective actions, to minimize this interference, are proposed. Furthermore, the effect of ultrasonic frequency, power dissipation, probe tip surface area and stirring speed on micromixing were investigated. The power and frequency seem to have a significant impact on micromixing in contrast to the stirring speed and probe tip surface area. Best micromixing was observed with a 24kHz probe and high power intensities. Experiments with different frequencies but a constant power intensity, emitter surface, stirring speed, cavitation bubble type and reactor design showed best micromixing for the highest frequency of 1135kHz. Finally, these results were used to test the power law model of Rahimi et al. This model was not able to predict micromixing accurately and the addition of the frequency, as an additional parameter, was needed to improve the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Jordens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Lab4U, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, KU Leuven, Universitaire Campus gebouw B bus 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bram Bamps
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Gielen
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Lab4U, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, KU Leuven, Universitaire Campus gebouw B bus 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leen Braeken
- Research Group Lab4U, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, KU Leuven, Universitaire Campus gebouw B bus 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Shah SH, Raja IA, Mahmood Q, Pervez A. Improvement in lipids extraction processes for biodiesel production from wet microalgal pellets grown on diammonium phosphate and sodium bicarbonate combinations. Bioresour Technol 2016; 214:199-209. [PMID: 27132228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomass productivity and growth kinetics for microalgae grown on sodium bicarbonate and diammonium phosphate were investigated. Different carbon and nitrogen ratios have shown different growth rates and biomass productivity and C:N ratio 50:10 as mgL(-1) has shown the best production than all. For effective lipids extraction from biomass thermolysis and sonolysis were carried out from wet biomass. Sonolysis at 2.3W intensity for 5min has released 8.58mg at neutral pH. More quantity of lipids was extracted when extraction was made at pH 4 and 10 which resulted 9mg and 9.28mg lipids respectively. Thermal treatment at 100°C for 10min has released 12.82mg lipid at neutral pH. In the same thermolysis at pH 4 and 10 more quantity of lipids was extracted which were 15.16mg and 14.81mg respectively. Finally transesterified lipids were analyzed through GC-MS for FAME composition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hasnain Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, University Road, Tobe Camp, Postal Code: 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed Raja
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, University Road, Tobe Camp, Postal Code: 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, University Road, Tobe Camp, Postal Code: 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Arshid Pervez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, University Road, Tobe Camp, Postal Code: 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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Balachandran R, Patterson Z, Deymier P, Snyder SA, Keswani M. Understanding acoustic cavitation for sonolytic degradation of p-cresol as a model contaminant. Chemosphere 2016; 147:52-59. [PMID: 26761597 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many modern techniques exist for the degradation of organic pollutants in water. Numerous treatment processes which utilize the formation of hydroxyl radicals for oxidation of pollutants have been studied thoroughly. In this study, a three pronged approach has been used to characterize and understand the effect of two distinct acoustic frequencies (37 kHz and 1 MHz) on cavitation behavior. Correlation of this behavior with sonolysis of a target phenol pollutant is described. Hydroxyl radical capture, hydrophone, and microelectrode studies in this work show that megasonic frequencies are more effective for generation of hydroxyl radicals and stable cavitation events than ultrasonic frequencies. UV absorption and fluorescence measurements confirm that the combination of ultrasonic sonolysis with a Fenton reagent achieved complete degradation of p-cresol at 50 mg/L in about 30 min. Cost estimates have been made for different sonication processes and compared with traditional advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Balachandran
- Materials Science and Engineering, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Zach Patterson
- Materials Science and Engineering, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Pierre Deymier
- Materials Science and Engineering, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Manish Keswani
- Materials Science and Engineering, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Sasi S, Rayaroth MP, Devadasan D, Aravind UK, Aravindakumar CT. Influence of inorganic ions and selected emerging contaminants on the degradation of Methylparaben: A sonochemical approach. J Hazard Mater 2015; 300:202-209. [PMID: 26184803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study on the possible pathway of hydroxyl radicals mediated sonolytic degradation of paraben in water is reported. Methylparaben (MPB) which is the most utilized of paraben family is selected as a model emerging pollutant. The influence of common anions and some selected emerging contaminants that may coexist in typical water matrix on the degradation pattern is analyzed alongside. Among the anions, carbonate presents a negative influence which is attributed to the competition for OH radical. Some emerging contaminants also showed negative impact on degradation as was clear from HPLC data. The intermediates, analyzed by LC-Q-TOF-MS include hydroxylated and hydrolytic products. Three major steps (aromatic hydroxylation, hydroxylation at the ester chain and hydrolysis) are proposed to involve in the reaction of OH radical with MPB which ultimately leads to mineralization. The intensity of formation and decay of mono and dihydroxy products of MPB in the presence of additives have also been evaluated. COD analysis indicates a percentage reduction of 98% at 90 min of sonolysis and further increase in the degradation time resulted complete mineralization, which became evident from the mass spectrometric data. MTT assay revealed considerable decrease in the potential cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Sasi
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India
| | - Manoj P Rayaroth
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India
| | - Dineep Devadasan
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India
| | - Usha K Aravind
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India; Centre for Environment Education and Technology, Kiranam, Arpookara East P.O., Kottayam, 686008 Kerala, India.
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India; Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India.
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33
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Rodriguez-Freire L, Balachandran R, Sierra-Alvarez R, Keswani M. Effect of sound frequency and initial concentration on the sonochemical degradation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). J Hazard Mater 2015; 300:662-669. [PMID: 26282221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a perfluorinated compound (PFC) highly resistant to conventional advance oxidation processes, which was widely used in industrial activities due to its surfactant nature, olephobic-hydrophobic properties, and chemical inertness. Sonochemical treatment has been suggested as an effective approach to treat aqueous solutions containing minimal levels of PFCs. This study investigates PFOS sonochemical degradation and its dependency on the initial concentration (10-460 μM), and the applied sound frequency (25 and 500 kHz, and 1 MHz). PFOS was degraded by sonochemical treatment at concentrations as high as 460 μM, as demonstrated by fluoride release and total organic content data. PFOS degradation rate was higher at megasonic frequencies (1MHz) compared to ultrasonic frequencies (25-500 kHz). PFOS degradation was controlled by saturation kinetics as indicated by an increase in PFOS degradation rate with increasing PFOS concentration until a maximum, after which the degradation rate was independent of the concentration. The saturation conditions were dependent on the sound frequency, and they were reached at a lower concentration under 1 MHz (100 μM) compared to the 500 kHz frequency (>460 μM). Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that high PFOS concentration can be effectively sonochemically treated using megasonic frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rodriguez-Freire
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210012, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Rajesh Balachandran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210012, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Manish Keswani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210012, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Wei Z, Kosterman JA, Xiao R, Pee GY, Cai M, Weavers LK. Designing and characterizing a multi-stepped ultrasonic horn for enhanced sonochemical performance. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 27:325-333. [PMID: 26186851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The commonly used ultrasonic horn generates localized cavitation below its converging tip resulting in a dense bubble cloud near the tip and limiting diffusion of reactive components into the bubble cloud or reactive radicals out of the bubble cloud. To improve contact between reactive components, a novel ultrasonic horn design was developed based on the principles of the dynamic wave equation. The horn, driven at 20 kHz, has a multi-stepped design with a cone-shaped tip increasing the energy-emitting surface areas and creating multiple reactive zones. Through different physical and chemical experiments, performance of the horn was compared to a typical horn driven at 20 kHz. Hydrophone measurements showed high acoustic pressure areas around the horn neck and tip. Sonochemiluminescence experiments verified multiple cavitation zones consistent with hydrophone readings. Calorimetry and dosimetry results demonstrated a higher energy efficiency (31.3%) and a larger hydroxyl radical formation rate constant (0.36 μM min(-1)) compared to typical horns. In addition, the new horn degraded naphthalene faster than the typical horn tested. The characterization results demonstrate that the multi-stepped horn configuration has the potential to improve the performance of ultrasound as an advanced oxidation technology by increasing the cavitation zone in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsu Wei
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gim-Yang Pee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Meiqiang Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 149 Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou 310035, China
| | - Linda K Weavers
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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35
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Somensi CA, Souza ALF, Simionatto EL, Gaspareto P, Millet M, Radetski CM. Genetic material present in hospital wastewaters: Evaluation of the efficiency of DNA denaturation by ozonolysis and ozonolysis/ sonolysis treatments. J Environ Manage 2015; 162:74-80. [PMID: 26232566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater treatments must ensure that all genetic material is destroyed, since nuclear and extra-nuclear DNA can show antimicrobial resistance and contain recombinant genes, which promote vertical and/or horizontal gene transfer, amplifying the current problem of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. In this study, we investigated whether ozonolysis or ozonolysis/sonolysis in combination can denature genetic material, i.e., destroy the integrity of DNA molecules, present in hospital wastewaters. To achieve this goal, hospital wastewaters were treated by ozonolysis or ozonolysis/sonolysis in combination (at 70 and 100 W L(-1)) and both raw and treated wastewaters were analyzed in terms of disinfection and DNA denaturation efficiency quantified by viable cell counts and by agarose gel electrophoresis. In the ozonolysis treatment, the agarose gel electrophoresis technique showed that the ozone-treated samples contained DNA molecules, while combined ozonolysis/sonolysis destroyed the DNA in a power density-dependent manner (64% at 70 W L(-1) and 81% at 100 W L(-1)). Care must be taken by environmental managers to distinguish disinfection processes from DNA denaturation processes, since these two terms are not synonymous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleder A Somensi
- UNIVALI, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil; IFC, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Rodovia BR 280, km 27, Araquari, SC 89245-000, Brazil
| | - André L F Souza
- IFC, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Rodovia BR 280, km 27, Araquari, SC 89245-000, Brazil
| | - Edésio L Simionatto
- FURB, Laboratório de Análise em Combustíveis, Rua São Paulo, 3250, Blumenau, SC 89030-000, Brazil
| | - Patrick Gaspareto
- UFSC, Hospital Universitário, Setor de Quimioterapia, Florianópolis, SC 88049-000, Brazil
| | - Maurice Millet
- Université de Strasbourg, ICPEES, UMR 7515 CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Claudemir M Radetski
- UNIVALI, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil.
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36
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Khan MAN, Siddique M, Wahid F, Khan R. Removal of reactive blue 19 dye by sono, photo and sonophotocatalytic oxidation using visible light. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 26:370-377. [PMID: 25899438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient sonophotocatalytic degradation of reactive blue 19 (RB 19) dye was successfully carried out using sulfur-doped TiO2 (S-TiO2) nanoparticles. The effect of various treatment processes that is sonolysis, photolysis, catalysis, sonocatalysis, photocatalysis, and sonophotocatalysis were investigated for RB 19 removal. S-TiO2 were synthesized in 1, 3 and 5 wt.% of sulfur by sol-gel process and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The results confirm anatase phase of TiO2, porous agglomerate structure, and a red shift in the absorbance spectra of S-TiO2. The dye degradation was studied by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at λ max=594 nm. The reaction parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, initial dye concentration, ultrasonic power and effect of sulfur doping in different weight percent were studied to find out the optimum degradation conditions. Optimum conditions were found as: S-TiO2=5 wt.%, catalyst (S-TiO2 5 wt.%)=50mg, RB 19 solution concentration=20 mg L(-1), pH=3, ultrasound power=100 and operating temperature=25°C. The response of 5 wt.% S-TiO2 was found better than 1 and 3 wt.% S-TiO2 and other forms TiO2. The sonophotocatalysis process was superior to other methods. During this process the ultrasound cavitation and photocatalysis water splitting takes place which leads to the generation of OH. As reveled by the GCMS results the reactive blue 19 (20 mg L(-1)) was degraded to 90% within 120 min. The S-TiO2 sonophotocatalysis system was studied for the first time for dye degradation and was found practicable, efficient and cost effective for the degradation of complex and resistant dyes such as RB19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Nasir Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Romana Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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37
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Pee GY, Na S, Wei Z, Weavers LK. Increasing the bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment using ultrasound. Chemosphere 2015; 122:265-272. [PMID: 25532768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of sonication on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the bioaccessible and less bioaccessible fractions of three contaminated sediments (Little Scioto River, OH-LS; Gary, IN-GI; Eagle Harbor, WA-EH) was examined. After 60min sonication, the fractions of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene remaining in the LS sediment were 0.76±0.18, 0.83±0.04 and 0.76±0.05, respectively, indicating ultrasonic degradation of PAHs in the sediment. In addition, there was a significant decrease in PAH concentration (i.e., up to 91.4%) in the less bioaccessible fractions for all three sediments with sonication. The bioaccessible fraction of phenanthrene and pyrene in LS and pyrene in EH increased by 12.9%, 48.3% and 27.8%, respectively, followed by a slight decrease due to degradation. The initial increase suggests that ultrasonic irradiation of sediment either transfers the PAHs from the less bioaccessible sites to the bioaccessible sites for treatment or transforms less bioaccessible sites into bioaccessible sites. A comparatively smaller reduction (i.e., 20.2%) in the less bioaccessible fraction in GI sediment is attributed to the larger fraction of black carbon in the organic carbon content of the sediment hindering the ability of ultrasound to switch the PAHs from the less to the more bioaccessible sites. Overall ultrasonic irradiation of contaminated sediments is a technique to enhance contaminant remediation by reducing the fraction of contaminants in less bioaccessible sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gim-Yang Pee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Seungmin Na
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Linda K Weavers
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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38
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Lu N, Wu XF, Zhou JZ, Huang X, Ding GJ. Bromate oxidized from bromide during sonolytic ozonation. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 22:139-143. [PMID: 24931426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sonolytic ozonation (US/O3) is an effective way to degrade many pollutants in drinking water as the elevated mass transfer rate of ozone gas and the enhanced forming of hydroxyl radicals (OH). This work investigated the formation of bromate (BrO3(-)) from bromide (Br(-)) in sonolytic ozonation. At neutral pH, the bromate conversion rate ([BrO3(-)]/[Br(-)]0) was increased to 60% by ultrasound at continuous ozone flow (0-0.2Lmin(-1)), much higher than that without ultrasound or without bubbling. This indicates that the promoting effect of sonolysis on BrO3(-) formation is mainly due to the sonolytic decomposition of ozone and the enhancement of gas-liquid transfer. The [BrO3(-)]/[Br(-)]0 was increased with increasing pH. In addition, the reduction of HOBr/OBr(-) with ultrasound demonstrates that bromate may be inhibited as the bromide was formed with the H2O2 generation under ultrasound. This suggests the competition between bromate and bromide during the US/O3 led to the inhibition of bromate formation at high ozone flow. Therefore, our result reveals that the bromate formation under ultrasound is improved remarkably in US/O3 in quick treatment with proper ozone flow (<0.2Lmin(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lu
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Shanghai 200082, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xue-Fei Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ji-Zhi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Guo-Ji Ding
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Khataee A, Sheydaei M, Hassani A, Taseidifar M, Karaca S. Sonocatalytic removal of an organic dye using TiO2/Montmorillonite nanocomposite. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 22:404-411. [PMID: 25060118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The sonocatalytic performance of the synthesized TiO2/Montmorillonite K10 (TiO2/MMT) nanocomposite was studied in removal of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) from water. The TiO2/MMT nanocomposite was prepared by hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared were used to characterize the synthesized nanocomposite. The average size of TiO2 nanoparticles decreased from 60-80nm to 40-60nm through the immobilization of this semiconductor on the surface of MMT. The obtained results indicated that the sonocatalytic activity of TiO2/MMT nanocomposite was higher than that of pure TiO2 nanoparticles and MMT particles. Furthermore, the main influence factors on the sonocatalytic activity such as the BB3 concentration, pH of solution, TiO2/MMT dose, power of ultrasonic generator, and inorganic salts were studied. The intermediates of BB3 degradation during the sonocatalytic process in the presence of the TiO2/MMT nanocomposite have been monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-14766 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sheydaei
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-14766 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aydin Hassani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; Photochemical Nanosciences Laboratory, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Taseidifar
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-14766 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Semra Karaca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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40
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Thokchom B, Kim K, Park J, Khim J. Ultrasonically enhanced electrochemical oxidation of ibuprofen. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 22:429-436. [PMID: 24844440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid advanced oxidation process combining sonochemistry (US) and electrochemistry (EC) for the batch scale degradation of ibuprofen was developed. The performance of this hybrid reactor system was evaluated by quantifying on the degradation of ibuprofen under the variation in electrolytes, frequency, applied voltage, ultrasonic power density and temperature in aqueous solutions with a platinum electrode. Among the methods examined (US, EC and US/EC), the hybrid method US/EC resulted 89.32%, 81.85% and 88.7% degradations while using NaOH, H2SO4 and deionized water (DI), respectively, with a constant electrical voltages of 30V, an ultrasound frequency of 1000kHz, and a power density of 100WL(-1) at 298K in 1h. The degradation was established to follow pseudo first order kinetics. In addition, energy consumption and energy efficiencies were also calculated. The probable mechanism for the anodic oxidation of ibuprofen at a platinum electrode was also postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binota Thokchom
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Jeonghyuk Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Jeehyeong Khim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
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41
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Rayaroth MP, Aravind UK, Aravindakumar CT. Sonochemical degradation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue: effect of frequency, power density, pH and various additives. Chemosphere 2015; 119:848-855. [PMID: 25222624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB), discharged mainly from textile industries, is an identified water pollutant. Ultrasound initiated degradation of organic pollutants is one among the promising techniques and forms part of the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). Ultrasonic degradation of CBB under different experimental conditions has been investigated in the present work. The effect of frequency (200 kHz, 350 kHz, 620 kHz and 1 MHz) and power density (3.5 W mL(-1), 9.8 W mL(-1) and 19.6 W mL(-1)) on the degradation profile was evaluated. The optimum performance was obtained at 350 kHz and 19.6 W mL(-1). Similar to other sonolytic degradation of organic pollutants, maximum degradation of CBB was observed under acidic pH. The degradation profile indicated a pseudo-first order kinetics. The addition of ferrous ion (1×10(-4) M), hydrogen peroxide (1×10(-4) M), and peroxodisulphate (1×10(-4) M) had a positive effect on the degradation efficiency. The influence of certain important NOM like SDS and humic acid on the sonolytic degradation of CBB was also investigated. Both the compounds suppress the degradation efficiency. LC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the stable intermediate products. Nearly 13 transformed products were identified during 10min of sonication using the optimized operational parameters. This product profile demonstrated that most of the products are formed mainly by the OH radical attack. On the basis of these results, a degradation mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Usha K Aravind
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India; Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
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42
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Khataee A, Karimi A, Arefi-Oskoui S, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Hanifehpour Y, Soltani B, Joo SW. Sonochemical synthesis of Pr-doped ZnO nanoparticles for sonocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 17. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 22:371-381. [PMID: 24931424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Undoped and Pr-doped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using a simple sonochemical method, and their sonocatalytic activity was investigated toward degradation of Acid Red 17 (AR17) under ultrasonic (US) irradiation. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The extent of sonocatalytic degradation was higher compared with sonolysis alone. The decolorization efficiency of sonolysis alone, sonocatalysis with undoped ZnO and 5% Pr-doped ZnO was 24%, 46% and 100% within reaction time of 70min, respectively. Sonocatalytic degradation of AR17 increased with increasing the amount of dopant and catalyst dosage and decreasing initial dye concentration. Natural pH was favored the sonocatalytic degradation of AR17. With the addition of chloride, carbonate and sulfate as radical scavengers, the decolorization efficiency was decreased from 100% to 65%, 71% and 89% at the reaction time of 70min, respectively, indicating that the controlling mechanism of sonochemical degradation of AR17 is the free radicals (not pyrolysis). The addition of peroxydisulfate and hydrogen peroxide as enhancer improved the degradation efficiency from 79% to 85% and 93% at the reaction time of 50min, respectively. The result showed good reusability of the synthesized sonocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Karimi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Arefi-Oskoui
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Younes Hanifehpour
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Behzad Soltani
- Department of Chemistry, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
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Chakma S, Moholkar VS. Investigation in mechanistic issues of sonocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis using pure and doped photocatalysts. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 22:287-99. [PMID: 24986798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper attempts to investigate the mechanistic issues of two hybrid advanced oxidation processes (HAOPs), viz. sonocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis, in which the two individual AOPs, viz. sonolysis and photocatalysis, are combined. Three photocatalysts, viz. pure ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO (with two protocols) have been employed. Fe-doped ZnO catalyst has been characterized using standard techniques. Decolorization of two textile dyes has been used as the model reaction. With experiments that alter the characteristics of ultrasound and cavitation phenomena in the medium, the exact synergy between the two AOPs has been determined using a quantitative yard stick. The results revealed a negative synergy between the two AOPs, which is an almost consistent result for decolorization of both dyes using all three photocatalysts. Fe-doping of ZnO catalyst helps in generation of more OH radicals that could augment decolorization. However, these radical mainly react with dye molecules adsorbed on catalyst surface. Intense shock waves generated by cavitation bubbles cause desorption of dye molecules from catalyst surface and reduce the probability of dye-radical interaction, thus reducing the net utility of photochemically generated OH radicals towards dye decolorization. This is rationale underlying the negative synergy between sonolysis and photocatalysis. Fe-doped ZnO catalyst increases the extent of decolorization, but the synergy between the two individual AOPs remains unaltered with doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Chakma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Vijayanand S Moholkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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Lim M, Son Y, Khim J. The effects of hydrogen peroxide on the sonochemical degradation of phenol and bisphenol A. Ultrason Sonochem 2014; 21:1976-1981. [PMID: 24746037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the effects of H2O2 concentration (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10mM) on the sonochemical degradation of phenol and bisphenol A (BPA) using an ultrasonic source of 35kHz and 0.08W/mL. The concentration of the target pollutants (phenol or BPA), total organic carbon (TOC), and H2O2 were monitored for each input concentration of H2O2. The effects of H2O2 on the sonochemical degradation of phenol was more significant than that of BPA because phenol has a high solubility and low octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) value and is subsequently very likely to remain in the aqueous phase, giving it a greater probability of reacting with H2O2. The removal of TOC was also enhanced by the addition of H2O2. Some intermediates of BPA have a high Kow value and subsequently have a greater probability of pyrolyzing by the high temperatures and pressures inside of cavitation bubbles. Thus the removal efficiency of TOC in BPA was higher than that of phenol. The removal efficiencies of TOC were lower than the degradation efficiencies of phenol and BPA. This result is due to the fact that some intermediates cannot readily degrade during the sonochemical reaction. The H2O2 concentration decreased but was not completely consumed during the sonochemical degradation of pollutants. The initial H2O2 concentration and the physical/chemical characteristics of pollutants were considered to be important factors in determining the formation rate of the H2O2. When high concentration of H2O2 was added to the solution, the formation rates were relatively low compared to when low concentrations of H2O2 were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghee Lim
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeehyeong Khim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Bokhale NB, Bomble SD, Dalbhanjan RR, Mahale DD, Hinge SP, Banerjee BS, Mohod AV, Gogate PR. Sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine 6G containing wastewaters. Ultrason Sonochem 2014; 21:1797-804. [PMID: 24726320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work deals with degradation of aqueous solution of Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) using sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic treatment schemes based on the use of cupric oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the solid catalysts. Experiments have been carried out at the operating capacity of 2 L and constant initial pH of 12.5. The effect of catalyst loading on the sonochemical degradation has been investigated by varying the loading over the range of 1.5-4.5 g/L. It has been observed that the maximum degradation of 52.2% was obtained at an optimum concentration of CuO as 1.5 g/L whereas for TiO2 maximum degradation was observed as 51.2% at a loading of 4 g/L over similar treatment period. Studies with presence of radical scavengers such as methanol (CH3OH) and n-butanol (C4H9OH) indicated lower extents of degradation confirming the dominance of radical mechanism. The combined approach of ultrasound, solid catalyst and scavengers has also been investigated at optimum loadings to simulate real conditions. The optimal solid loading was used for studies involving oxidation using UV irradiations where 26.4% and 28.9% of degradation was achieved at optimal loading of CuO and TiO2, respectively. Studies using combination of UV and US irradiations have also been carried out using the optimal concentration of the catalysts. It has been observed that maximum degradation of 63.3% is achieved using combined US and UV with TiO2 (4 g/L) as the photocatalyst. Overall it can be said that the combined processes give higher extent of degradation as compared to the individual processes based on US or UV irradiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileema B Bokhale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune 411001, India
| | - Snehal D Bomble
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune 411001, India
| | - Rachana R Dalbhanjan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune 411001, India
| | - Deepika D Mahale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune 411001, India
| | - Shruti P Hinge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune 411001, India
| | - Barnali S Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune 411001, India
| | - Ashish V Mohod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune 411001, India.
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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46
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Fujita M, Komatsu N, Kimura T. Sonochemical preparation of carbon spheres. Ultrason Sonochem 2014; 21:943-945. [PMID: 24345854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spherical morphology of carbon with 150-400 nm size is produced by sonication (480 kHz, 2.5 W) of toluene with water under ambient conditions. Medium range of frequency and weak power of ultrasound is found to be the appropriate conditions for preparing the carbon spheres. Morphological and structural analysis of the product is carried out with TEM, SEM, elemental analysis, TGA, and FT-IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsue Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takahide Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
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Secondes MFN, Naddeo V, Belgiorno V, Ballesteros F. Removal of emerging contaminants by simultaneous application of membrane ultrafiltration, activated carbon adsorption, and ultrasound irradiation. J Hazard Mater 2014; 264:342-349. [PMID: 24316806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced wastewater treatment is necessary to effectively remove emerging contaminants (ECs) with chronic toxicity, endocrine disrupting effects, and the capability to induce the proliferation of highly resistant microbial strains in the environment from before wastewater disposal or reuse. This paper investigates the efficiency of a novel hybrid process that applies membrane ultrafiltration, activated carbon adsorption, and ultrasound irradiation simultaneously to remove ECs. Diclofenac, carbamazepine, and amoxicillin are chosen for this investigation because of their assessed significant environmental risks. Removal mechanisms and enhancement effects are analysed in single and combined processes. The influence of adsorbent dose and ultrasonic frequency to EC removal are also investigated. Results suggest that adsorption is probably the main removal mechanism and is affected by the nature of ECs and the presence of other components in the mixture. Almost complete removals are achieved in the hybrid process for all ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Freda N Secondes
- Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084 (SA), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084 (SA), Italy
| | - Florencio Ballesteros
- Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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