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Amadou A, Giampiccolo C, Bibi Ngaleu F, Praud D, Coudon T, Grassot L, Faure E, Couvidat F, Frenoy P, Severi G, Romana Mancini F, Roy P, Fervers B. Multiple xenoestrogen air pollutants and breast cancer risk: Statistical approaches to investigate combined exposures effect. Environ Pollut 2024; 351:124043. [PMID: 38679129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Studies suggested that exposure to air pollutants, with endocrine disrupting (ED) properties, have a key role in breast cancer (BC) development. Although the population is exposed simultaneously to a mixture of multiple pollutants and ED pollutants may act via common biological mechanisms leading to synergic effects, epidemiological studies generally evaluate the effect of each pollutant separately. We aimed to assess the complex effect of exposure to a mixture of four xenoestrogen air pollutants (benzo-[a]-pyrene (BaP), cadmium, dioxin (2,3,7,8-Tétrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin TCDD)), and polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB153)) on the risk of BC, using three recent statistical methods, namely weighted quantile sum (WQS), quantile g-computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). The study was conducted on 5222 cases and 5222 matched controls nested within the French prospective E3N cohort initiated in 1990. Annual average exposure estimates to the pollutants were assessed using a chemistry transport model, at the participants' residence address between 1990 and 2011. We found a positive association between the WQS index of the joint effect and the risk of overall BC (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.03-1.19). Similar results were found for QGC (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.03-1.19). Despite the association did not reach statistical significance in the BKMR model, we observed an increasing trend between the joint effect of the four pollutants and the risk of BC, when fixing other chemicals at their median concentrations. BaP, cadmium and PCB153 also showed positive trends in the multi-pollutant mixture, while dioxin showed a modest inverse trend. Despite we found a clear evidence of a positive association between the joint exposure to pollutants and BC risk only from WQS and QGC regression, we observed a similar suggestive trend using BKMR. This study makes a major contribution to the understanding of the joint effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Amadou
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Lyon, France.
| | - Camille Giampiccolo
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pole Sante Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire de Biometrie Et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabiola Bibi Ngaleu
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Praud
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Coudon
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Lyon, France
| | - Lény Grassot
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Faure
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Florian Couvidat
- National Institute for industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Pauline Frenoy
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Pascal Roy
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pole Sante Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire de Biometrie Et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, Lyon, France.
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Bardhi O, Dubey P, Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Oestrogens, adipose tissues and environmental exposures influence obesity and diabetes across the lifecycle. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38305136 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous oestrogens regulate essential functions to include menstrual cycles, energy balance, adipose tissue distribution, pancreatic β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and lipid homeostasis. Oestrogens are a family of hormones which include oestradiol (E2), oestrone (E1) and oestriol (E3). Oestrogens function by binding and activating oestrogen receptors (ERs). Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds which exhibit oestrogenic-like activity and can bind to ERs. Phytoestrogens exert potential oestrogenic-like benefits; however, their effects are context-dependent and require cautious consideration regarding generalised health benefits. Xenoestrogens are synthetic compounds which have been determined to disrupt endocrine function through binding to ERs. Xenoestrogens enter the body through various routes and given their chemical structure they can accumulate, posing long-term health risks. Xenoestrogens interfere with endogenous oestrogens and their functions contributing to conditions like cancer, infertility, and metabolic disorders. Understanding the interplay between endogenous and exogenous oestrogens is critical in order to determine their potential health consequences and requires further investigation. This manuscript provides a summary of the role endogenous oestrogens have in regulating metabolic functions. Additionally, we discuss the impact phytoestrogens and synthetic xenoestrogens have on biological systems across various life stages. We highlight their mechanisms of action, potential benefits, risks and discuss the need for further research to bridge gaps in understanding and mitigate exposure-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgert Bardhi
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pallavi Dubey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Biff Franklin Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Vice President for Research, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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Perugino F, Pedroni L, Galaverna G, Dall'Asta C, Dellafiora L. A mechanistic toxicology study to grasp the mechanics of zearalenone estrogenicity: Spotlighting aromatase and the effects of its genetic variability. Toxicology 2024; 501:153686. [PMID: 38036094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycoestrogen produced by Fusarium fungi contaminating cereals and in grain-based products threatening human and animal health due to its endocrine disrupting effects. Germane to the mechanisms of action, ZEN may activate the estrogen receptors and inhibit the estrogens-producing enzyme aromatase (CYP19A1). Both show single nucleotide variants (SNVs) among humans associated with a diverse susceptibility of being activated or inhibited. These variations might modify the endocrine disrupting action of ZEN, requiring dedicated studies to improve its toxicological understanding. This work focused on human aromatase investigating via 3D molecular modelling whether some of the SNVs reported so far (n = 434) may affect the inhibitory potential of ZEN. It has been also calculated the inhibition capability of α-zearalenol, the most prominent and estrogenically potent phase I metabolite of ZEN, toward those aromatase variants with an expected diverse sensitivity of being inhibited by ZEN. The study: i) described SNVs likely associated with a different susceptibility to ZEN and α-zearalenol inhibition - like T310S that is likely more susceptible to inhibition, or D309G and S478F that are possibly inactive variants; ii) proofed the possible existence of inter-individual susceptibility to ZEN; iii) prioritized aromatase variants for future investigations toward a better comprehension of ZEN xenoestrogenicity at an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Perugino
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pedroni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Moss RA, Murphy KM, Gardner ST, Watkins MM, Finger JW, Kelley MD, Elsey RM, Warner DA, Mendonça MT. Exposure to ecologically relevant estrogen levels do not influence morphology or immune parameters in hatchling American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 275:109767. [PMID: 37827394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Human activity has increased concentrations of endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs) in many ecological systems. Many EDCs are xenoestrogens, which imitate naturally derived estrogen like estradiol 17-β (E2). These pollutants can critically affect a broad range of biological functions, particularly in organisms inhabiting aquatic environments. E2 and associated receptors are involved in regulating innate immune responses, where documentation of exogenous E2 on immune parameters is important for understanding health consequences. In this study, we explore the impact of environmentally relevant concentrations of E2 on circulating glucocorticoid levels and several innate immune parameters in hatchling American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Twenty-three hatchling alligators were randomly placed in one of three groups that differed in dietary E2 concentration: control (no E2 exposure), low E2 (0.5 μg/kg E2), or high E2 (1 μg/kg E2) for 10 weeks. Following this period, several biomarkers were quantified to monitor the impact of E2: growth, change in body condition, white blood cell (WBC) counts, glucocorticoid levels, and general antibody response. Blood E2 concentrations were greater in individuals exposed to E2, but plasma corticosterone levels were reduced among the experimental groups. Morphology, growth, and immune parameters of E2 exposed animals did not differ from controls. These results suggest that acute exposure to increased environmental estrogen concentrations may alter plasma hormone concentrations but have little to no impact on immediate morphology or immune responses. Future studies may expand on this by monitoring biomarkers in wild populations across time, which will provide insight into how different ontogenetic stages are impacted by environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan A Moss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
| | - Steven T Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - Madison M Watkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - John W Finger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States of America
| | - Meghan D Kelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States of America
| | - Ruth M Elsey
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Grand Chenier, LA 70643, United States of America; 728 Saratoga Drive, Murfreesboro, TN 37130, United States of America
| | - Daniel A Warner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - Mary T Mendonça
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
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Mogus JP, Matouskova K, Clark ZW, Jerry DJ, Vandenberg LN. Effects of butyl benzyl phthalate exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the post-involution mammary gland. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 122:108470. [PMID: 37743007 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes comprehensive reorganization during pregnancy, lactation, and subsequent involution. Following involution, the mammary gland has structural and functional differences compared to the gland of a nulliparous female. These parity-associated changes are regulated by hormones and may be vulnerable to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this study, we evaluated the long-term effects of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), an estrogenic plasticizer, on the parous mouse mammary gland. Pregnant BALB/c mice were treated with 0, 3, 500, or 18000 µg/kg/day BBP throughout both pregnancy and the lactational period. The litters born to these females were evaluated for litter size and growth. The parous females were then kept for five weeks following weaning of the pups, during which period there was no exposure to BBP. After five weeks of post-weaning, mammary glands were collected and assessed for changes in histomorphology, steroid receptor expression, innate immune cell number, and gene expression. An unexposed age-matched nulliparous control was also evaluated as a comparator group. BBP increased male and female pup weight at puberty and female offspring in adulthood. BBP also altered innate immune cells in the post-involution mammary gland, reducing the effect of parity on macrophages. Lastly, BBP modestly increased mammary gland ductal complexity and periductal structure, but had no effect on expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or a marker of proliferation. These results suggest that BBP may interfere with some effects of parity on the mouse mammary gland and induce weight gain in exposed offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Mogus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Zachary W Clark
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Odinga ES, Chen X, Mbao EO, Waigi MG, Gudda FO, Zhou X, Ling W, Czech B, Oleszczuk P, Abdalmegeed D, Gao Y. Estrogens and xenoestrogen residues in manure-based fertilizers and their potential ecological risks. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118609. [PMID: 37473553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Optimal manure treatment aimed at usage as agricultural soil fertilizers is a prerequisite ecological pollution control strategy. In this work, livestock manure-based fertilizers were collected from 71 animal farms across 14 provinces in China. The contamination levels and potential ecotoxicological risks of residual steroid estrogens (SEs): estrone (E1), estriol (E3), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and xenoestrogen (XE) bisphenol A (BPA), were investigated. The results showed that the occurrence frequencies for SEs and XE ranged from 66.67% to 100%, and the mean concentration varied considerably across the study locations. The total content of SEs and XE in Hebei province was the highest, and swine manure-based fertilizers concentrations were higher than the levels reported in other animal fertilizers. Compared with farm level manure, manure-based fertilizers are processed by composting, and the micropollutants quantities are significantly reduced (mean: 87.65 - 534.02 μg/kg). The total estradiol equivalent quantity (EEQ) that might migrate to the soil was estimated to be 1.23 μg/kg. Based on the estimated application rate of manure, 38% of the fertilizers risk quotients exceeded 0.1, indicating medium to high risks pressure on terrestrial organisms. Nonetheless, the estrogenic risk was lower in manure-based fertilizers than in manure. This study highlights the significance of proper treatment of livestock manure and designing an optimal manure fertilization strategy to mitigate the risks posed by SEs and XEs to the agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuwen Chen
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Evance Omondi Mbao
- Department of Geosciences and the Environment, The Technical University of Kenya, PO Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fredrick Owino Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bożena Czech
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3/541 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3/541 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ribeiro CM, de Oliveira FCB, Pereira SA, Moraes ACRO, Beserra BTS, Dias JC, da Silva NG, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, Neves FDAR, Coelho MS, Amato AA. The effect of long-term exposure to nonylphenol at environmentally relevant levels on mouse liver and adipose tissue. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 102:104216. [PMID: 37437749 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the xenoestrogen nonylphenol (NP) during critical windows of development leads to metabolic abnormalities in adult life. However, less is known about NP exposure outside the developmental period on metabolic outcomes. We investigated the effect of prolonged exposure to NP after sexual maturity and at environmentally relevant concentrations below the 'no observable adverse effects level' (0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg/d). Male Swiss mice fed a normal-fat diet exposed to 2.5 mg/kg/d NP showed reduced weight gain and hepatic fat content. In male and female C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet, NP exposure modified the mRNA levels of estrogen receptor α (Esr1) and adipose lineage markers in a sexually dimorphic and adipose depot-dependent pattern. Moreover, in primary female but not male stromal vascular cells from C57BL/6 mouse inguinal WAT induced to differentiate into adipocytes, NP upregulated Fabp4 expression. Low-level exposure to NP outside critical developmental windows may affect the metabolic phenotype distinctly. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: All data not included in the manuscript, such as raw results, are available upon request and should be addressed to AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Martins Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Alcantara Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Teles Soares Beserra
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jamison Cordeiro Dias
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Mariella Guimarães Lacerda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Flora Aparecida Milton
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Michella Soares Coelho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Angelica Amorim Amato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Bedolo CM, Ruiz TFR, Amaro GM, Vilamaior PSL, Leonel ECR, Taboga SR, Campos SGPD. The impacts of exposure to bisphenol A in the adult female prostate Meriones unguiculatus. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 119:108412. [PMID: 37224931 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The female prostate is associated with the urogenital system and presents homology in morphological terms with the male prostate. Due to its responsiveness to endogenous hormones, this gland is under a constant risk of developing prostatic pathologies and neoplasia when exposed to certain exogenous compounds. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor found in different plastic and resin products. Studies have emphasized the effects of perinatal exposure to this compound on different hormone-responsive organs. However, there have been few studies highlighting the influence on female prostate morphology of perinatal exposure to BPA. The objective of this study was to describe the histopathological alterations caused by perinatal exposure to BPA (50 µg/kg) and 17-β estradiol (E2) (35 µg/kg) in the prostate of adult female gerbils. The results showed that E2 and BPA induced proliferative lesions in the female prostate and acted along similar pathways by modulating steroid receptors in the epithelium. BPA was also found to be a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic agent. The impacts of both agents were marked in the prostatic stroma. An increase in the thickness of the smooth muscle layer and a decrease in AR expression were observed, but no alterations in the expression of ERα and ERβ, leading to estrogenic sensitivity of the prostate. However, a peculiar response of the female prostate was to diminish the collagen frequency under BPA exposure correlated to smooth muscle layer. These data therefore indicate the development of features related to estrogenic and non-estrogenic tissue repercussions by BPA perinatally exposure in gerbil female prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Marques Bedolo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell, s/n, 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Matheus Amaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Câmpus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell, s/n, 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Gisele Pegorin de Campos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Michishita S, Gibble C, Tubbs C, Felton R, Gjeltema J, Lang J, Finkelstein M. Microplastic in northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) and common murres (Uria aalge) from the Monterey Bay, California USA - Insights into prevalence, composition, and estrogenic activity. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120548. [PMID: 36336179 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (particle size <5 mm) is considered an emerging threat to the marine environment, yet data are limited for coastal ecosystems. To provide information related to microplastic in a coastal system, we used alkaline tissue digestion and Raman spectroscopy to quantify the prevalence and composition (e.g. fiber, fragment, foam, etc.) of anthropogenic microparticles in the digestive tracts of northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax, anchovy, n = 24), and common murres (Uria aalge, murre, n = 19) from the Monterey Bay, California USA. We also determined microplastic prevalence and composition in seawater (n = 12 17-h sampling periods representing ∼46,000 L sampled) from two Monterey Bay intake systems (Moss Landing, CA and Santa Cruz, CA USA). Microparticles recovered from murre digestive tracts were assessed for estrogenic activity using an in-vitro estrogen receptor activation assay. Suspected anthropogenic microparticles based on visual characteristics were recovered from all sample types with ∼2 particles per 1000 L from the seawater sampling periods, 58% prevalence in anchovies, and 100% prevalence in murres. Across samples of seawater, anchovies, and murres, the most abundant microparticle type found were fibers (78%), followed by fragments (13%), foam (6%), film (2%), and beads (1%). Raman spectroscopy identified 57% of microparticles (excluding dye-prominent and unknown) as plastic (synthetic, semi-synthetic, or blends). Almost one quarter (23%) of the murre digestive tracts contained microparticles that exhibited estrogenic activity. Our study describes the widespread occurrence, composition, and potential estrogenic activity of microplastic in the Monterey Bay and provides important information to aid in the understanding of microplastic contamination in coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Michishita
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Corinne Gibble
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, 151 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Christopher Tubbs
- Conservation Science Wildlife Health, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA, 92027, USA
| | - Rachel Felton
- Conservation Science Wildlife Health, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA, 92027, USA
| | - Jenessa Gjeltema
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jackelyn Lang
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Myra Finkelstein
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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10
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Schönemann AM, Beiras R, Diz AP. Widespread alterations upon exposure to the estrogenic endocrine disruptor ethinyl estradiol in the liver proteome of the marine male fish Cyprinodon variegatus. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 248:106189. [PMID: 35537357 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative proteomic changes in the liver of adult males of Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) upon exposure to ethinyl estradiol (EE2) were assessed to provide an advanced understanding of the metabolic pathways affected by estrogenic endocrine disruption in marine fish, and to identify potential novel molecular biomarkers for the environmental exposure to estrogens. From a total of 3188 identified protein groups (hereafter proteins), 463 showed a statistically significant difference in their abundance between EE2 treatment and solvent control samples. The most affected biological processes upon EE2 exposure were related to ribosomal biogenesis, protein synthesis and transport of nascent proteins to endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear mRNA catabolism. Within the group of upregulated proteins, a subset of 14 proteins, involved in egg production (Vitellogenin, Zona Pellucida), peptidase activity (Cathepsine E, peptidase S1, Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog, Isoaspartyl peptidase and Whey acidic protein), and nucleic acid binding (Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 14) were significantly upregulated with fold-change values higher than 3. In contrast, Collagen alpha-2, involved in the process of response to steroid hormones, among others, was significantly downregulated (fold change = 0.2). This pattern of alterations in the liver proteome of adult males of C. variegatus can be used to identify promising novel biomarkers for the characterization of exposure of marine fish to estrogens. The Whey acidic protein-like showed the highest upregulation in EE2-exposed individuals (21-fold over controls), suggesting the utility of abundance levels of this protein in male liver as a novel biomarker of xenoestrogen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M Schönemann
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Angel P Diz
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
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11
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Schönemann AM, Moreno Abril SI, Diz AP, Beiras R. The bisphenol A metabolite MBP causes proteome alterations in male Cyprinodon variegatus fish characteristic of estrogenic endocrine disruption. Environ Pollut 2022; 300:118936. [PMID: 35124124 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological status of bisphenol A (BPA) is under strong debate. Whereas in vitro it is an agonist of the estrogen receptor with a potency ca. 105-fold lower than the natural female hormone estradiol, in vivo exposure causes only mild effects at concentration thresholds environmentally not relevant and inconsistent among species. By using a proteomic approach, shotgun liver proteome analysis, we show that 7-d exposure to 10 μg/L of the BPA metabolite, 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (MBP), and not the same exposure to the parental molecule BPA, alters the liver proteome of male Cyprinodon variegatus fish. Different physiological and environmental conditions leading to biotransformation of BPA to MBP may partly explain the conflicting results so far reported for in vivo BPA exposures. The pattern of alteration induced by MBP is similar to that caused by estradiol, and indicative of estrogenic endocrine disruption. MBP enhanced ribosomal activity, protein synthesis and transport, with upregulation of 91% of the ribosome-related proteins, and 12 proteins whose expression is regulated by estrogen-responsive elements, including vitellogenin and zona pellucida. Whey acidic protein (WAP) was the protein most affected by MBP exposure (FC = 68). This result points at WAP as novel biomarker for xenoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M Schönemann
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sandra Isabel Moreno Abril
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Angel P Diz
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
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12
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Sancéau JY, Bélanger P, Maltais R, Poirier D. An Improved Synthesis of Glucuronide Metabolites of Hindered Phenolic Xenoestrogens. Curr Org Synth 2022; 19:838-845. [PMID: 35473530 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666220426104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The syntheses of glucuronide metabolites of phenolic xenoestrogens triclosan and 2-phenylphenol, namely triclosan-O-glucuronide (TCS-G; 1), and 2-phenylphenol-O-glucuronide (OPP-G; 2), were achieved for use as analytical standards. METHODS Under classical conditions previously reported for glucuronide synthesis, the final basic hydrolysis of the peracylated ester intermediate leading to the free glucuronides is often a limiting step. Indeed, the presence of contaminating by-products resulting from ester elimination has often been observed during this step. This is particularly relevant when the sugar unit is close to a crowded environment as for triclosan and 2-phenylphenol. RESULTS To circumvent these problems, we proposed mild conditions for the deprotection of peracetylated glucuronate intermediates. CONCLUSION A new methodology using a key imidate following a two-step saponification protocol for acetates and methyl ester hydrolysis was successfully applied to the preparation of TCS-d3 (1) and OPP-G (2) as well as deuterated isotopomers TCS-d3-G (1-d3) and OPP-d5-G (2-d5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Sancéau
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Research Center, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Patrick Bélanger
- Laboratoire du Centre de Toxicologie (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Research Center, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Research Center, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Laboratoire du Centre de Toxicologie (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
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13
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Gonzalez JA, Histed AR, Nowak E, Lange D, Craig SE, Parker CG, Kaur A, Bhuvanagiri S, Kroll KJ, Martyniuk CJ, Denslow ND, Rosenfeld CS, Rhodes JS. Impact of bisphenol-A and synthetic estradiol on brain, behavior, gonads and sex hormones in a sexually labile coral reef fish. Horm Behav 2021; 136:105043. [PMID: 34507054 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and ethinylestradiol (EE2), are detected in the marine environment from plastic waste and wastewater effluent. However, their impact on reproduction in sexually labile coral reef fish is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA and EE2 on behavior, brain gene expression, gonadal histology, sex hormone profile, and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) levels in the anemonefish, Amphiprion ocellaris. A. ocellaris display post-maturational sex change from male to female in nature. Sexually immature, male fish were paired together and fed twice daily with normal food (control), food containing BPA (100 μg/kg), or EE2 (0.02 μg/kg) (n = 9 pairs/group). Aggression toward an intruder male was measured at 1, 3, and 6 months. Blood was collected at 3 and 6 months to measure estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and Vtg. At the end of the study, fish were euthanized to assess gonad morphology and to measure expression of known sexually dimorphic genes in the brain. Relative to control, BPA decreased aggression, altered brain transcript levels, increased non-vitellogenic and vitellogenic eggs in the gonad, reduced 11-KT, and increased plasma Vtg. In two BPA-treated pairs, both individuals had vitellogenic eggs, which does not naturally occur. EE2 reduced 11-KT in subordinate individuals and altered expression of one transcript in the brain toward the female profile. Results suggest BPA, and to a lesser extent EE2, pollution in coral reef ecosystems could interfere with normal reproductive physiology and behavior of the iconic sexually labile anemonefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Gonzalez
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Abigail R Histed
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Ewelina Nowak
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Dominica Lange
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Craig
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Coltan G Parker
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Achint Kaur
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Supriya Bhuvanagiri
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, and Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
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14
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Chen CY, Sun CY, Hsu HJ, Wu IW, Chen YC, Lee CC. Xenoestrogen exposure and kidney function in the general population: Results of a community-based study by laboratory tests and questionnaire-based interviewing. Environ Int 2021; 155:106585. [PMID: 33910077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing concern worldwide. Exposure to xenoestrogens (XEs), such as phthalates, parabens, and phenols, lead to CKD. However, kidney function and its complex relationship with XEs, lifestyle, and dietary habits are not well understood. METHODS In the present cross-sectional community-based cohort study, we enrolled 887 subjects for a questionnaire-based interview and laboratory tests. XE exposure concerning lifestyle/dietary habits were evaluated using questionnaires. Urinary levels of 17XE metabolites were measured in 60 subjects with high exposure risk scores and 60 subjects with low exposure risk scores. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate linear regression showed that a high exposure score (β ± SE: 4.226 ± 1.830, P = 0.021) was independently negatively associated with eGFR in 887 subjects. Univariate and multivariate linear regression to urinary XEs and urine albumin creatinine excretion ratio (UACR) in 120 subjects indicated that ethylparaben (EP) (β: 1.934, 95% CI: 0.135-3.733, P = 0.035) was significantly associated with increased UACR. Multivariate regression analyses of the CKD subgroup (n = 38), after adjusting for age, showed that higher levels of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), EP, nonylphenol (NP), and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) were significantly associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Higher urinary levels of MEHP (OR: 3.037, 95% CI: 1.274-7.241) were more likely associated with high exposure scores (>5 points), after adjusting for diabetes, gender, eGFR, age, Na, Ca, albumin, vitamin D, systolic blood pressure (SBP), white blood cell count, total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, and heart rate. MEHP (β ± SE: 0.033 ± 0.009, P < 0.001) was also significantly positively associated with total exposure scores after applying multivariate linear regression analyses. CONCLUSION XE exposure scores obtained from the questionnaires were negatively associated with kidney function. Urinary metabolites of XEs, including EP, NP, BP-3, and MEHP, are potential risk factors for microalbuminuria and decline in kidney function. MEHP seemed to have the strongest correlation with high exposure scores and decline in kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng-Jung Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Chang Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333423, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chan Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC.
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15
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Paschoalini AL, Savassi LA, Weber AA, Moreira DP, Ribeiro YM, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N. Evaluation of the oestrogenic potential of oestrone and bisphenol-A on the reproduction of Astyanax bimaculatus males after subacute exposure. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:797-810. [PMID: 33665751 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, oestrogenic compounds have often been reported in environmentally relevant concentrations in aquatic environments around the world. Most laboratory studies of oestrogens try to understand the effects of a single contaminant, but in natural environments, the effects may be quite different due to interactions with other compounds. The present study aimed to compare the action of oestrone (E1) and bisphenol-A (BPA), acting singularly and in combination, on the spermatogenesis of Astyanax bimaculatus. After exposure to 100 ng/L of E1, BPA and a mixture of the two for 15 days, our results showed that E1 and the E1 + BPA mixture significantly altered the number of spermatogenic cells. BPA presented high cytotoxicity when compared to other treatments. Analysis of the two oestrogenic compounds suggests that the E1 + BPA mixture has no additive or synergistic effects. Together, the results of the present study indicate that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) analysed alone may behave differently than when administered with other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Loureiro Paschoalini
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Almeida Savassi
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - André Alberto Weber
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Tukey Lab, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yves Moreira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil.
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16
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Jeminiwa BO, Knight RC, Abbot KL, Pondugula SR, Akingbemi BT. Gonadal sex steroid hormone secretion after exposure of male rats to estrogenic chemicals and their combinations. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111332. [PMID: 34038751 PMCID: PMC9310441 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals can interfere with the endocrine axis hence they are classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Bisphenol S (BPS) is used in the manufacture of consumer products because of its superior thermal stability and is thought to be a safe replacement chemical for its analog bisphenol A (BPA). However, the safety profile of these compounds alone or in the presence of other EDCs is yet to be fully investigated. Also, the estrogenic chemical 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and a constituent of female oral contraceptives for women, is present in water supplies. To simulate concurrent exposure of the population to chemical mixtures, we investigated the effects of BPA, BPS, EE2, and their combinations on sex steroid secretion in the growing male rat gonad. Prepubertal and pubertal male rats at 21 and 35 days of age were provided test chemicals in drinking water (parts per billion) for 14 days. At termination of exposure, some individual chemical effects were modified by exposure to chemical combinations. Single chemical exposures markedly decreased androgen secretion but their combination (e.g., BPA + BPS + EE2) caused the opposite effect, i.e., increased Leydig cell T secretion. Also, the test chemicals acting alone or in combination increased testicular and Leydig cell 17β-estradiol (E2) secretion. Chemical-induced changes in T and E2 secretion were associated with altered testicular expression of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage (Cyp11a1) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Hsd17β) enzyme protein. Additional studies are warranted to understand the mechanisms by which single and chemical combinations impact function of testicular cells and disrupt their paracrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Jeminiwa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - R C Knight
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - K L Abbot
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - S R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - B T Akingbemi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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17
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Fabrello J, Masiero L, Finos L, Marin MG, Matozzo V. Effects of a mixture of glyphosate, 17α-ethynylestradiol and amyl salicylate on cellular and biochemical parameters of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mar Environ Res 2021; 165:105247. [PMID: 33429113 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study the effects of a mixture of glyphosate (herbicide), 17a-ethinylestradiol (synthetic estrogen) and amyl salicylate (fragrance) to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were evaluated. Mussels were exposed for 7 days to two realistic concentrations of the mixture (10 and 100 ng/L) and the effects on total haemocyte counts, haemocyte diameter and volume, haemocyte proliferation, haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase activity and haemocyte lysate lysozyme activity were measured. In addition, superoxide dismutase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities were measured in gills and digestive gland. The survival-in-air test was also performed. Results demonstrated that the mixture affected both cellular and biochemical biomarkers, but not tolerance to aerial exposure of M. galloprovincialis. The negative effects recorded in this study suggested that more efforts should be done to assess the ecotoxicological risks posed by contaminant mixture to aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Fabrello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Masiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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18
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Vandenberg LN, Bugos J. Assessing the Public Health Implications of the Food Preservative Propylparaben: Has This Chemical Been Safely Used for Decades. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:54-70. [PMID: 33415721 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parabens are chemicals containing alkyl-esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which give them antimicrobial, antifungal, and preservative properties. Propylparaben (PP) is one paraben that has been widely used in personal care products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food. In this review, we address the ongoing controversy over the safety of parabens, and PP specifically. These chemicals have received significant public attention after studies published almost 20 years ago suggested plausible associations between PP exposures and breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we use key characteristics, a systematic approach to evaluate the endocrine disrupting properties of PP based on features of "known" endocrine disruptors, and consider whether its classification as a "weak" estrogen should alleviate public health concerns over human exposures. We also review the available evidence from rodent and human studies to illustrate how the large data gaps that exist in hazard assessments raise concerns about current evaluations by regulatory agencies that PP use is safe. Finally, we address the circular logic that is used to suggest that because PP has been used for several decades, it must be safe. We conclude that inadequate evidence has been provided for the safe use of PP in food, cosmetics, and consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Jennifer Bugos
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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19
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Young BJ, Cristos DS, Crespo DC, Somoza GM, Carriquiriborde P. Effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on sex ratio, gonadal histology and perianal hyperpigmentation of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces, Poeciliidae) during a full-lifecycle exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 205:111176. [PMID: 32846301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on sex ratio, gonopodium morphology, and gonadal histology of C. decemmaculatus were assessed by a full-lifecycle exposure experiment. Newborn fish were waterborne exposed to 30, 100, and 300 ng EE2/L for 90 d, using 50 fish per treatment. Additionally, in December of 2016, a field survey was conducted on a C. decemmaculatus population inhabiting the Girado Creek downstream of the Chascomus city wastewater effluent discharge. After 90 d of exposure, EE2 was able to histologically skew the sex ratio toward females and inhibit the full gonopodium development since the lowest tested concentration (LOEC = 30 ng/L). At higher concentrations, EE2 was toxic, inducing mortality in a concentration-dependent fashion (90 d-LC50 = 109.9 ng/L) and altering the gonadal histoarchitecture, causing neither testes nor ovaries discernible histologically (LOEC = 100 ng/L). In addition, a novel response, perianal hyperpigmentation, was discovered been induced by the EE2 exposure in a concentration-dependent fashion (90 d-EC50 = 39.3 ng/L). A higher proportion of females and perianal hyperpigmentation were observed in wild fish collected from the Girado Creek. The major reached conclusions are: i) EE2 induce different effects on the sexual traits of C. decemmaculatus when exposed from early-life or adult stages. ii) The most sensitive effects observed in the laboratory occur in a creek receiving wastewater effluent. iii) The perianal hyperpigmentation comes-up as a promising biomarker of exposure to estrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Jonathan Young
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Diego Sebastián Cristos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Diana Cristina Crespo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | | | - Pedro Carriquiriborde
- Centro de Investigaciones Del Medioambiente (Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
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20
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Vandenberg LN, Najmi A, Mogus JP. Agrochemicals with estrogenic endocrine disrupting properties: Lessons Learned? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110860. [PMID: 32407980 PMCID: PMC9448509 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many agrochemicals have endocrine disrupting properties. A subset of these chemicals is characterized as "estrogenic". In this review, we describe several distinct ways that chemicals used in crop production can affect estrogen signaling. Using three agrochemicals as examples (DDT, endosulfan, and atrazine), we illustrate how screening tests such as the US EPA's EDSP Tier 1 assays can be used as a first-pass approach to evaluate agrochemicals for endocrine activity. We then apply the "Key Characteristics" approach to illustrate how chemicals like DDT can be evaluated, together with the World Health Organization's definition of an endocrine disruptor, to identify data gaps. We conclude by describing important issues that must be addressed in the evaluation and regulation of hormonally active agrochemicals including mixture effects, efforts to reduce vertebrate animal use, chemical prioritization, and improvements in hazard, exposure, and risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
| | - Aimal Najmi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Joshua P Mogus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
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21
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Burman A, Garcia-Milian R, Whirledge S. Gene X environment: the cellular environment governs the transcriptional response to environmental chemicals. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:19. [PMID: 32448403 PMCID: PMC7247264 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An individual’s response to environmental exposures varies depending on their genotype, which has been termed the gene-environment interaction. The phenotype of cell exposed can also be a key determinant in the response to physiological cues, indicating that a cell-gene-environment interaction may exist. We investigated whether the cellular environment could alter the transcriptional response to environmental chemicals. Publicly available gene expression array data permitted a targeted comparison of the transcriptional response to a unique subclass of environmental chemicals that alter the activity of the estrogen receptor, xenoestrogens. Results Thirty xenoestrogens were included in the analysis, for which 426 human gene expression studies were identified. Comparisons were made for studies that met the predefined criteria for exposure length, concentration, and experimental replicates. The cellular response to the phytoestrogen genistein resulted in remarkably unique transcriptional profiles in breast, liver, and uterine cell-types. Analysis of gene regulatory networks and molecular pathways revealed that the cellular context mediated the activation or repression of functions important to cellular organization and survival, including opposing effects by genistein in breast vs. liver and uterine cell-types. When controlling for cell-type, xenoestrogens regulate unique gene networks and biological functions, despite belonging to the same class of environmental chemicals. Interestingly, the genetic sex of the cell-type also strongly influenced the transcriptional response to xenoestrogens in the liver, with only 22% of the genes significantly regulated by genistein common between male and female cells. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the transcriptional response to environmental chemicals depends on a variety of factors, including the cellular context, the genetic sex of a cell, and the individual chemical. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating the impact of exposure across cell-types, as the effect is responsive to the cellular environment. These comparative genetic results support the concept of a cell-gene-environment interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreanna Burman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, PO Box 208063, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, PO Box 208063, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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22
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Radziwon P, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Identification of a novel target for the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals: inhibitory effect of methylparaben on human neutrophil functions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:6540-6548. [PMID: 31873886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to verify a hypothesis that immune cells are a target for the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by investigating whether methylparaben (MeP) modulates human neutrophil functions. Neutrophils isolated from 15 donor samples were studied. Cells were incubated in the presence of increasing MeP concentrations (0.06, 0.8, 10, and 20 μM). The cytotoxic effect of MeP on neutrophils was evaluated by the MTT test. The ability of the neutrophils for chemotaxis, phagocytosis, NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide anion generation was assessed in Boyden's chamber, Park's method with latex, the NBT test, and the cytochrome C reduction test, respectively. The total nitric oxide (NO) concentration was measured by the Griess reaction. There was no observable cytotoxic effect of MeP on human neutrophils. MeP (10 and 20 μM) exposure decreased neutrophilic ability for the tested functions, except for NO production. In neutrophils incubated with MeP (0.8 μM as well as 0.06 and 0.8 μM, respectively), we observed a decreased activity of NADPH oxidase as well as decreased generation of superoxide anion. Our results suggest a suppressive effect of MeP on the tested functions of human neutrophils, which confirms that immune cells are vulnerable to EDC action. Therefore, the disturbance of neutrophils' oxygen-dependent phagocytic function as a result of exposure to environmental doses of MeP action could lead to impairment of innate immune responses in humans exposed to xenoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
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23
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Leonel ECR, Campos SGP, Guerra LHA, Bedolo CM, Vilamaior PSL, Calmon MF, Rahal P, Amorim CA, Taboga SR. Impact of perinatal bisphenol A and 17β estradiol exposure: Comparing hormone receptor response. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109918. [PMID: 31753310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal regulation controls mammary gland (MG) development. Therefore some hormone-related factors can disrupt the early phases of MGs development, making the gland more susceptible to long term modifications in its response to circulating hormones. Endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), are able to cause alterations in hormone receptor expression, leading to changes in the cell proliferation index, which may expose the tissue to neoplastic alterations. Thus, we evaluated the variations in hormone receptor expression in the MG of 6-month old Mongolian gerbils exposed to BPA and 17β estradiol during the perinatal period. Receptors for estrogen alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ), progesterone (PGR), prolactin (PRL-R), and co-localization of connexin 43 (Cx43) and ERα in gerbils were analyzed, and serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were assessed. No alterations in body, liver, and ovary-uterus complex weights were observed. However, there was an increase in epithelial ERα expression in the 17β estradiol (E2) group and in PGR in the BPA group. Although immunohistochemistry did not show alterations in ERβ expression, western blotting revealed a decrease in this protein in the BPA group. PRL-R was more present in epithelial cells in the vehicle control (VC), E2, and BPA groups in comparison to the intact control group. Cx43 was more frequent in E2 and BPA groups, suggesting a protective response from the gland against possible malignancy. Serum concentration of estradiol reduced in VC, E2, and BPA groups, confirming that alterations also impacts steroid levels. Consequently, perinatal exposure to BPA and the reference endogenous estrogen, 17β estradiol, are able to increase the tendency of endocrine disruption in MG in a long term manner, since repercussions are observed even 6 months after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Gisele Pegorin Campos
- Federal University of São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Bairro Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Marques Bedolo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiani Andrade Amorim
- Laboratory of Gynecology, Institute of Experimental and Clinique Research, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 52, Bte B1.52.02, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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24
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Matouskova K, Jerry DJ, Vandenberg LN. Exposure to low doses of oxybenzone during perinatal development alters mammary gland morphology in male and female mice. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 92:66-77. [PMID: 31408669 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is an ultraviolet radiation filter commonly used in personal care products including sunscreens, textiles and inks, and food and beverage containers, among others. Due to its widespread use, human exposures to oxybenzone are widespread. Oxybenzone is considered an endocrine disrupting chemical due to its antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic properties. We evaluated the effects of oral exposures to oxybenzone on the growth and morphology of the mammary gland, body weight and anogenital distance in BALB/c mice exposed to 30, 212 or 3000 μg/kg/day in utero and during lactation. Developmental exposures to oxybenzone reduced the size and growth of mammary gland in males prior to and during puberty. In exposed females, oxybenzone reduced mammary cell proliferation, decreased the number of cells expressing estrogen receptor α, and altered mammary gland morphology in adulthood. These results suggest that even low doses of oxybenzone can disrupt hormone sensitive organs during critical windows of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA.
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25
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Rastgar S, Alijani Ardeshir R, Zabihi E, Movahedinia A, Salati AP. Immunotoxicity of estrogen and nonylphenol on apoptosis and expression of ERs in goldfish macrophage: Opening new avenue for discovering the role of experimental model systems and sexes. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 209:159-167. [PMID: 30780113 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and their roles in important cell processes such as apoptosis in the macrophages exposed to estrogen/xenoestrogen have remained a complex secret. This study focused on the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and the stimulation of apoptosis in the macrophages from the two sexes of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to 17-βestradiol (E2) and nonylphenol (NP) under in vivo and in vitro conditions. For the in vivo experiment, fish were exposed to NP (10-6 M and 10-7 M) and E2 (10-6 M) for 24 days. Then, the head kidney macrophages from the male and the female goldfish were isolated and assayed. For the in vitro experiments, the macrophages derived from the two sexes were cultured in L-15 medium and exposed to E2 (150 nM) and NP (10 nM and 150 nM) for 3 days. The results showed that the three isoforms of ERs (ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2) were expressed in the goldfish macrophages. After the exposure of macrophages to NP and E2, sex-specific increase of ERs expression and apoptosis were observed (P < 0.05). The expression of ERα after NP treatment showed the highest alteration, with the response being concentration-dependent. The most alteration of ERs expression were observed in the in vivo experiment. This study provides insight to understand how exposure of the goldfish macrophages to E2 and NP can up-regulate the transcript levels of estrogen receptor subtypes and stimulate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rastgar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Rashid Alijani Ardeshir
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abdolali Movahedinia
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Amir Parviz Salati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran.
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26
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Fan JJ, Wang S, Tang JP, Zhao JL, Wang L, Wang JX, Liu SL, Li F, Long SX, Yang Y. Bioaccumulation of endocrine disrupting compounds in fish with different feeding habits along the largest subtropical river, China. Environ Pollut 2019; 247:999-1008. [PMID: 30823355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are becoming an increasing concern regarding bioaccumulation in aquatic biota. However, the effects of regional pollution levels and specific feeding habits on the bioaccumulation of EDCs in fish are rarely reported. 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) were determined in abiotic compartments [water, sediment, suspended particulate matter (SPM)] and fish with different feeding habits along the Pearl River, China. EDCs in abiotic compartments exhibited significant (p < 0.05) spatial variations, forming five zones clustered based on site-specific EDC concentrations. 4-NP was the dominant compound, contributing 58-98% of the EDCs in fish, followed by BPA (<41%), 4-t-OP (<13%), and TCC and TCS (<4.7%). The concentrations of 4-NP and 4-t-OP, BPA, and TCC and TCS were the highest in brackish carnivorous, planktivorous, and detritivorous fish, respectively. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) showed that 4-NP accumulated (BAF > 5000) in all fish except for suck-feeding detritivores, while 4-t-OP and TCC accumulated in filter-feeding planktivores. The concentration of 4-NP in carnivores was significantly higher than that in detritivores, indicating the potential biomagnification of 4-NP along food chains. EDCs in sediment and SPM and those in water were most positively correlated with those in detritivores and planktivores, respectively, suggesting the potential of fish with these two feeding habits to act as bioindicators of EDC pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Fan
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jin-Peng Tang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Xi Wang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shuai-Lei Liu
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Feng Li
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sheng-Xing Long
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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27
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Kolla SDD, Vandenberg LN. Data describing effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol S on a peripubertal estrogen challenge in intact female CD-1 mice. Data Brief 2019; 25:103862. [PMID: 31245508 PMCID: PMC6582066 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an analogue of bisphenol A (BPA), used in consumer products including food packaging and thermal paper. Like BPA, BPS is an estrogen receptor agonist and exposures during perinatal development have been shown to alter growth and morphology of the mouse female mammary gland prior to puberty and in adulthood. Reported here are data describing the effect of exposure to low doses of BPS (2, 200 or 2000 μg/kg/day) during perinatal development on morphology and gene expression in the mammary gland of female CD-1 mice, with or without an additional estrogen exposure (1 μg/kg/day ethinyl estradiol) during the peripubertal period. Additional data document other estrogen-sensitive outcomes including timing of vaginal opening and uterine weight. The data suggest that low doses of BPS induce modest changes in the mammary gland at puberty, but do not appear to sensitize the female to an estrogenic challenge administered during the peripubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Durga Devi Kolla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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28
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Rosenfeld CS, Cooke PS. Endocrine disruption through membrane estrogen receptors and novel pathways leading to rapid toxicological and epigenetic effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 187:106-117. [PMID: 30465854 PMCID: PMC6370520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen binding to estrogen receptors (ESR) triggers signaling cascades within cells. Historically, a major emphasis has been characterizing estrogen-induced genomic actions resulting from binding to nuclear estrogen receptor 1 (nESR1). However, recent evidence indicates the first receptors estrogens encounter as they enter a cell, membrane ESR1 (mESR1), also play crucial roles. Membrane and nuclear ESR are derived from the same transcripts but the former are directed to the membrane via palmitoylation. Binding and activation of mESR1 leads to rapid fluctuations in cAMP and Ca+2 and stimulation of protein kinase pathways. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) that mimic 17β-estradiol can signal through mESR1 and elicit non-genomic effects. Most current EDC studies have focused on genomic actions via nESR1. However, increasing number of studies have begun to examine potential EDC effects mediated through mESR1, and some EDC might have higher potency for signaling through mESR1 than nESR1. The notion that such chemicals might also affect mESR1 signaling via palmitoylation and depalmitoylation pathways has also begun to gain currency. Recent development of transgenic mice that lack either mESR1 or nESR1, while retaining functional ESR1 in the other compartment, will allow more precise in vivo approaches to determine EDC effects through nESR1 and/or mESR1. It is increasingly becoming apparent in this quickly evolving field that EDC directly affect mESR and estrogen signaling, but such chemicals can also affect proportion of ESR reaching the membrane. Future EDC studies should be designed to consider the full range of effects through mESR alone and in combination with nESR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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29
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Neutrophils life under estrogenic and xenoestrogenic control. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:203-211. [PMID: 30381249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 years ago, scientists had identified cells that represent the most abundant population of peripheral blood leukocytes; they called this population neutrophils. Day by day, the knowledge specific to neutrophils is augmented with new and often surprising aspects and facts about neutrophils' life or death. Estrogens (estrone, estriol, and estradiol) are relevant for the regulation of immune responses that are related with neutrophils. An understanding of the molecular mechanism of the action of endogenous hormones allows us to predict the effects of the substances that commonly occur in an environment with estrogen-like properties (xenoestrogens (e.g., bisphenol A, DDT, tributyltin, polychlorinated biphenyls, nonylphenol and octylphenol)). Therefore, we summarize current literature on the impact of estrogens and xenoestrogens, on each aspect of neutrophil life, as well as describe its mechanism of actions in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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30
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Arancio AL, Cole KD, Dominguez AR, Cohenour ER, Kadie J, Maloney WC, Cilliers C, Schuh SM. Bisphenol A, Bisphenol AF, di-n-butyl phthalate, and 17β-estradiol have shared and unique dose-dependent effects on early embryo cleavage divisions and development in Xenopus laevis. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 84:65-74. [PMID: 30579998 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol AF (BPAF), and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) are widespread compounds used in the production of plastics. We used Xenopus laevis to compare their effects on early embryo cell division and development. Directly after in vitro fertilizations, embryos were exposed to BPA, BPAF, DBP, or 17β-estradiol (E2) for up to 96 h. BPA (1-50 μM) and BPAF (0.003-25 μM) caused disrupted cleavage divisions, slowed cytokinesis, and cellular dissociation within 1-6 h. Flexures of the spinal cord, shorter body axis/tail, craniofacial malformations, and significant mortality occurred with environmentally relevant doses of BPAF (LC50 = 0.013 μM). DBP (10-200 μM) showed similar effects, but with severe ventral edema. There were both shared and unique effects of all compounds, with BPAF having the greatest potency and toxicity (BPAF > BPA > estradiol > DBP). These findings underscore the pleiotropic effects of widespread toxicants on early development and highlight the need for better toxicological characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Arancio
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Saint Mary's College of California, United States
| | - Kyla D Cole
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Saint Mary's College of California, United States
| | - Anyssa R Dominguez
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Saint Mary's College of California, United States
| | - Emry R Cohenour
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Saint Mary's College of California, United States
| | - Julia Kadie
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Saint Mary's College of California, United States
| | - William C Maloney
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Saint Mary's College of California, United States
| | - Chane Cilliers
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Saint Mary's College of California, United States
| | - Sonya M Schuh
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Saint Mary's College of California, United States.
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31
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Pokharel A, Kolla S, Matouskova K, Vandenberg LN. Asymmetric development of the male mouse mammary gland and its response to a prenatal or postnatal estrogen challenge. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 82:63-71. [PMID: 30315872 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CD-1 mouse mammary gland is sexually dimorphic, with males lacking nipples. Recent studies have revealed that the underlying epithelium in the male mammary gland is sensitive to estrogenic environmental chemicals. In ongoing investigations, we observed asymmetric morphology in the left and right male mouse mammary glands. Here, we quantified these asymmetries in the embryonic, prepubertal, pubertal and adult male mammary gland. We found that the right gland was typically larger with more branching points compared to the left gland. We next evaluated the response of the left and right glands to 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) after perinatal or peripubertal exposures. We found that the right gland was more responsive to EE2 than the left at both periods of exposure. These results reveal novel aspects of male mammary gland biology and suggest that future studies should control for laterality in the evaluation of hazards associated with exposures to estrogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Pokharel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - SriDurgaDevi Kolla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
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Leitch AC, Lakey AF, Hotham WE, Agius L, Kass GEN, Blain PG, Wright MC. The ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium (M8OI) is an activator of the human estrogen receptor alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2167-2172. [PMID: 30086880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent environmental sampling around a landfill site in the UK demonstrated that unidentified xenoestrogens were present at higher levels than control sites; that these xenoestrogens were capable of super-activating (resisting ligand-dependent antagonism) the murine variant 2 ERβ and that the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (M8OI) was present in some samples. To determine whether M8OI was a contributor to the xenoestrogen pool in the soils, activation of human estrogen receptors by M8OI was examined. M8OI activated the human ERα in MCF7 cells in a dose-response manner. These effects were inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI182780; occurred in the absence of any metabolism of M8OI and were confirmed on examination of ER-dependent induction of trefoil factor 1 mRNA in MCF7 cells. M8OI also super-activated the murine variant 2 ERβ in a murine hepatopancreatobiliary cell line. The human ERβ was not activated by M8OI when expressed in HEK293 cells. These data demonstrate that M8OI is a xenoestrogen capable of activating the human ERα and super-activating the murine variant 2 ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair C Leitch
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Newcastle University, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne F Lakey
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Newcastle University, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
| | - William E Hotham
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Newcastle University, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Loranne Agius
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Newcastle University, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
| | - George E N Kass
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Peter G Blain
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Newcastle University, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew C Wright
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Health Protection Research Unit, Newcastle University, Level 4 Leech, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE24HH, United Kingdom.
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Montes-Grajales D, Martínez-Romero E, Olivero-Verbel J. Phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens interacting with breast cancer proteins. Steroids 2018; 134:9-15. [PMID: 29608946 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease influenced by the hormonal microenvironment and the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Some phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens have been epidemiologically linked as risk factors or protectors, however their mechanisms of action are complex and not fully understood. The aim of this study was to predict the potential of 36 natural xenoestrogens to interact with 189 breast cancer proteins using AutoDock Vina. In order to validate our protocol, an in silico docking pose and binding site determination was compared with the crystallographic structure and the power of prediction to distinguish between ligand and decoys was evaluated through a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the resultant docking affinities and in vitro data. The best affinity score was obtained for glyceollin III interacting with the sex hormone binding globulin (-11.9 Kcal/mol), a plasma steroid transport protein that regulates sex steroids bioavailability. Other natural xenoestrogens such as beta-carotene, chrysophanol 8-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and glyceollin I, also presented good affinity for proteins related to this disease and the validation was successful. This study may help to prioritize compounds for toxicity tests or drug development from natural scaffolds, and to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Montes-Grajales
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia; Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Cuernavaca-Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Cuernavaca-Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia.
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34
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Catanese MC, Vandenberg LN. Developmental estrogen exposures and disruptions to maternal behavior and brain: Effects of ethinyl estradiol, a common positive control. Horm Behav 2018; 101:113-124. [PMID: 29107581 PMCID: PMC5938171 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due of its structural similarity to the endogenous estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2), the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is widely used to study the effects of estrogenic substances on sensitive organs at multiple stages of development. Here, we investigated the effects of EE2 on maternal behavior and the maternal brain in females exposed during gestation and the perinatal period. We assessed several components of maternal behavior including nesting behavior and pup retrieval; characterized the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)α in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a brain region critical for the display of maternal behavior; and measured expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker for dopaminergic cells, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain region important in maternal motivation. We found that developmental exposure to EE2 induces subtle effects on several aspects of maternal behavior including time building the nest and time spent engaged in self-care. Developmental exposure to EE2 also altered ERα expression in the central MPOA during both early and late lactation and led to significantly reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the VTA. Our results demonstrate both dose- and postpartum stage-related effects of developmental exposure to EE2 on behavior and brain that manifest later in adulthood, during the maternal period. These findings provide further evidence for effects of exposure to exogenous estrogenic compounds during the critical periods of fetal and perinatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Catanese
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA.
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35
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Kadokawa H, Pandey K, Onalenna K, Nahar A. Reconsidering the roles of endogenous estrogens and xenoestrogens: the membrane estradiol receptor G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) mediates the effects of various estrogens. J Reprod Dev 2018. [PMID: 29515057 PMCID: PMC6021614 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrone (E1) and estriol (E3) are considered “weak” estrogens, which exert suppressive effects through estrogen receptors α and β. However, recent studies have demonstrated that E1 and E3,
as well as estradiol (E2), suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced luteinizing hormone secretion from bovine gonadotrophs via G-protein-coupled receptor 30, which is expressed in
various reproductive organs. Currently, there is a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding E1 and E3, including their blood levels. In addition, xenoestrogens may remain in the body over
long time periods because of enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, it is time to reconsider the roles of endogenous estrogens and xenoestrogens for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kadokawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kiran Pandey
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kereilwe Onalenna
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Asrafun Nahar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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36
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Grashow RG, De La Rosa VY, Watford SM, Ackerman JM, Rudel RA. BCScreen: A gene panel to test for breast carcinogenesis in chemical safety screening. Comput Toxicol 2018; 5:16-24. [PMID: 31218268 PMCID: PMC6583811 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted gene lists have been used in clinical settings to specify breast tumor type, and to predict breast cancer prognosis and response to treatment. Separately, panels have been curated to predict systemic toxicity and xenoestrogen activity as a part of chemical screening strategies. However, currently available panels do not specifically target biological processes relevant to breast development and carcinogenesis. We have developed a gene panel called the Breast Carcinogen Screen (BCScreen) as a tool to identify potential breast carcinogens and characterize mechanisms of toxicity. First, we used four seminal reviews to identify 14 key characteristics of breast carcinogenesis, such as apoptosis, immunomodulation, and genotoxicity. Then, using a hybrid data and knowledge-driven framework, we systematically combined information from whole transcriptome data from genomic databases, biomedical literature, the CTD chemical-gene interaction database, and primary literature review to generate a panel of 500 genes relevant to breast carcinogenesis. We used normalized pointwise mutual information (NPMI) to rank genes that frequently co-occurred with key characteristics in biomedical literature. We found that many genes identified for BCScreen were not included in prognostic breast cancer or systemic toxicity panels. For example, more than half of BCScreen genes were not included in the Tox21 S1500+ general toxicity gene list. Of the 230 that did overlap between the two panels, representation varied across characteristics of carcinogenesis ranging from 21% for genes associated with epigenetics to 82% for genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism. Enrichment analysis of BCScreen identified pathways and processes including response to steroid hormones, cancer, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage and breast cancer. The biologically-based systematic approach to gene prioritization demonstrated here provides a flexible framework for creating disease-focused gene panels to support discovery related to etiology. With validation, BCScreen may also be useful for toxicological screening relevant to breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Grashow
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States
| | - Vanessa Y. De La Rosa
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States
- Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean M. Watford
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Janet M. Ackerman
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States
| | - Ruthann A. Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States
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Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor which can bind to the oestrogen receptor. It also possesses oestrogenic, antiandrogenic, inflammatory and oxidative properties. Since bone responds to changes in sex hormones, inflammatory and oxidative status, BPA exposure could influence bone health in humans. This review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the relationship between BPA and bone health derived from cellular, animal and human studies. Exposure to BPA (0.5-12.5 µM) decreased the proliferation of osteoblast and osteoclast precursor cells and induce their apoptosis. Bisphenol AF (10 nM) enhanced transforming growth factor beta signalling but bisphenol S (10 nM) inhibited Wnt signalling involved in osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In animals, BPA and its derivatives demonstrated distinct effects in different models. In prenatal/postnatal exposure, BPA increased femoral bone mineral content in male rats (at 25 ug/kg/day) but decreased femoral mechanical strength in female mice (at 10 µg/kg/day). In oestrogen deficiency models, BPA improved bone mineral density and microstructures in aromatase knockout mice (at very high dose, 0.1% or 1.0% w/w diet) but decreased trabecular density in ovariectomized rats (at 37 or 370 ug/kg/day). In contrast, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (30 mg/kg/day i.p.) improved bone health in normal male and female rodents and decreased trabecular separation in ovariectomized rodents. Two cross-sectional studies have been performed to examine the relationship between BPA level and bone mineral density in humans but they yielded negligible association. As a conclusion, BPA and its derivatives could influence bone health and a possible gender effect was observed in animal studies. However, its effects in humans await verification from more comprehensive longitudinal studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Wun Fui Mark-Lee
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Petersen K, Hultman MT, Rowland SJ, Tollefsen KE. Toxicity of organic compounds from unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) to primary fish hepatocytes. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 190:150-161. [PMID: 28711771 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental matrices contaminated with organic pollutants derived from crude oil or degraded petroleum contain mixtures so complex that they are typically unresolved by conventional analytical techniques such as gas chromatography. The resulting chromatographic features have become known as 'humps' or unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). These UCMs often dominate the organic contaminants of polluted environmental samples: for example, in oil sands produced water up to 150mgL-1 of 'naphthenic acids' appear as UCMs when examined by gas chromatography as the esters. In oil-contaminated mussels, aromatic hydrocarbon UCMs may comprise almost all of the total toxic hydrocarbons, with over 7000μgg-1 dry weight reported in some samples. Over the last 25 years, efforts to resolve and thus identify, or at least to produce average structures, for some UCM components, have proved fruitful. Numerous non-polar UCM hydrocarbons and more polar UCM acids have been identified, then synthesised or purchased from commercial suppliers. As UCMs have been proposed to represent a risk to aquatic organisms, the need for assessment of the ecotoxicological effects and characterisation of the mode of action (MoA) of these environmental pollutants has arisen. In the present study, several chemicals with structures typical of those found in some UCMs, were assessed for their potential to disrupt membrane integrity, inhibit metabolic activity, activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and activate the estrogen receptor (ER) in primary rainbow trout hepatocytes (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These endpoints were determined in order to screen for common toxic modes of action (MoA) in this diverse group of chemicals. The results from the in vitro screening indicated that of the endpoints tested, the predominant toxic MoA was cytotoxicity. EC50 values for cytotoxicity were obtained for 16 compounds and ranged from 77μM-24mM, whereof aliphatic monocyclic acids, monoaromatic acids, polycyclic monoaromatic acids and alkylnaphthalenes were the most toxic. The observed cytotoxicity of the chemicals correlated well with the hydrophobicity (LogKOW) suggesting that the toxicity was predominantly due to a non-specific MoA. Interestingly, two compounds induced the ER-mediated production of vitellogenin (Vtg) and six compounds induced the AhR-mediated Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) enzymatic activity to >20% of the positive control; by doing so suggesting that they may act as ER or AhR agonists in fish. The heterogeneous group of 'UCM compounds' tested exhibited multiple MoA that may potentially cause adverse effects in fish. Additional studies to determine if these compounds may cause adverse effects in vivo at environmentally relevant concentrations, are warranted to identify if such compounds are indeed of potential environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Petersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria T Hultman
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Steven J Rowland
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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39
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LaPlante CD, Vandenberg LN. Data describing lack of effects of 17α-ethinyl estradiol on mammary gland morphology in female mice exposed during pregnancy and lactation. Data Brief 2017; 14:337-343. [PMID: 28795111 PMCID: PMC5547231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethinyl estradiol (EE) is a synthetic estrogen used in pharmaceutical contraceptives. In many studies evaluating estrogenic endocrine disruptors, EE is used as a positive control for estrogenicity. However, the effects of EE often differ from the effects of other xenoestrogens, suggesting that these other compounds might act via distinct mechanisms. Reported here are data describing the effect of low doses of EE during pregnancy and lactation on the morphology of the lactating mammary gland in CD-1 mice. The data suggest that these low doses have few if any discernable effects on mammary gland morphology. Alterations to cell proliferation and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)α were also not observed. These companion data were collected from the same females analyzed for effects of EE on maternal behavior and brain recently published in Reproductive Toxicology (Catanese & Vandenberg, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte D LaPlante
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
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40
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Catanese MC, Vandenberg LN. Low doses of 17α-ethinyl estradiol alter the maternal brain and induce stereotypies in CD-1 mice exposed during pregnancy and lactation. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:20-29. [PMID: 28736173 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal care is critical for the survival, development and long-term success of offspring. Despite our current understanding of the role of endogenous estrogen in both maternal behavior and the maternal brain, the potential effects of exogenous estrogens on these endpoints remain poorly understood. Here, pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to low doses of 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), commonly used as a positive control in studies of other xenoestrogens, from day 9 of pregnancy until weaning. Using traditional maternal behavior assays, we document no significant changes in maternal behavior throughout the lactational period. However, EE2 induced increases in repetitive tail retrieval, which may indicate a stereotypy or obsessive compulsive (OCD)-like behavior. We also observed a significant reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a region important for maternal motivation. These results suggest that pregnant adult females are not immune to the effects of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Catanese
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
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de Andrade ALC, Soares PRL, da Silva SCBL, da Silva MCG, Santos TP, Cadena MRS, Soares PC, Cadena PG. Evaluation of the toxic effect of endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) in the acute and chronic toxicity tests with Pomacea lineata gastropod. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 197:1-7. [PMID: 28392374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer and a risk when it interacts with organisms, and can cause changes in the development and reproduction of them. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of BPA, by acute and chronic toxicity tests with neonates and adults of Pomacea lineata. Adults and neonates were divided into groups exposed to BPA (1-20mg/L), or 17β-estradiol (1mg/L) and control in the acute and chronic toxicity tests. Behavior, heart rate, reproduction and hemolymph biochemical analysis were measured. In the acute toxicity test, the 96-h LC50 with adults was 11.09 and with neonates was 3.14mg/L. In this test, it was observed lethargic behavior and an increase of 77.6% of aspartate aminotransferase in the adults' hemolymph (p<0.05); and neonates' heart rate decreased 72.7% (p<0.05). In the chronic toxicity test, it was observed behaviors associated with reproduction, as Copulate, in the groups exposed to BPA. The results that were found in this study proved that BPA is a potentially toxic agent to Pomacea lineata according to biological parameters evaluated. These data contribute to the understanding of BPA toxic effects' in the aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Lucas Correa de Andrade
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rafaela Leão Soares
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Stephannie Caroline Barros Lucas da Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marília Cordeiro Galvão da Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Pinheiro Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marilia Ribeiro Sales Cadena
- Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada (UAST), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Gregório Ferraz Nogueira s/n, 56909-535, José Ramos, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Castro Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária (DMV), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Pabyton Gonçalves Cadena
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Liu L, Zhou X, Lu Y, Shan D, Xu B, He M, Shi H, Qian Y. Facile screening of potential xenoestrogens by an estrogen receptor-based reusable optical biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 97:16-20. [PMID: 28549265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The apparent increase in hormone-induced cancers and disorders of the reproductive tract has led to a growing demand for new technologies capable of screening xenoestrogens. We reported an estrogen receptor (ER)-based reusable fiber biosensor for facile screening estrogenic compounds in environment. The bioassay is based on the competition of xenoestrogens with 17β-estradiol (E2) for binding to the recombinant receptor of human estrogen receptor α (hERα) protein, leaving E2 free to bind to fluorophore-labeled anti-E2 monoclonal antibody. Unbound anti-E2 antibody then binds to the immobilized E2-protein conjugate on the fiber surface, and is detected by fluorescence emission induced by evanescent field. As expected, the stronger estrogenic activity of xenoestrogen would result in the weaker fluorescent signal. Three estrogen-agonist compounds, diethylstilbestrol (DES), 4-n-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-n-octylphenol (OP), were chosen as a paradigm for validation of this assay. The rank order of estrogenic potency determined by this biosensor was DES>OP>NP, which were consistent with the published results in numerous studies. Moreover, the E2-protein conjugate modified optical fiber was robust enough for over 300 sensing cycles with the signal recoveries ranging from 90% to 100%. In conclusion, the biosensor is reusable, reliable, portable and amenable to on-line operation, providing a facile, efficient and economical alternative to screen potential xenoestrogens in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhua Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yun Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Didi Shan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bi Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanchang Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Qian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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De Craemer S, Croes K, van Larebeke N, De Henauw S, Schoeters G, Govarts E, Loots I, Nawrot T, Nelen V, Den Hond E, Bruckers L, Gao Y, Baeyens W. Metals, hormones and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents in three cross-sectional studies (2002-2015). Environ Int 2017; 102:190-199. [PMID: 28318602 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormone levels and timing of sexual maturation are considered important markers for health status of adolescents in puberty, and previous research suggests they might be influenced by metal exposure. In three campaigns of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS I 2002-2006; FLEHS II 2007-2011 and FLEHS III 2012-2015), data were collected on internal exposure to metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn, Tl, Ni, Sb, Hg, As and As species) and sexual maturation in 2671 14-15years old adolescents. All metals were measured in blood and/or urine, except total- and methylmercury which were measured in hair samples. Sex hormone levels were measured in blood serum of adolescent males of the cohorts of FLEHS I and FLESH II. The use of a uniform methodology in successive campaigns allows to confirm associations between exposure and health in different cohorts and over time. Furthermore, mathematical and statistical density correction methods using creatinine or specific gravity were tested for urinary markers. Significant associations between sex hormones and maturity markers were observed in the FLEHS I and II campaigns, when both were assessed together. Regardless of the applied correction method, creatinine correction systematically introduced bias due to associations of creatinine with sex hormones and maturation markers, especially in adolescent males, while this is not the case for specific gravity. A series of exposure-response associations were found, but several involving Cd, Pb, As, Tl and Cu persisted in different FLEHS campaigns. The effects of Pb and Cu on luteinizing hormone, (free) testosterone, (free) oestradiol and maturation support a xenoestrogenic agonistic action on the feedback of oestradiol to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Our results suggest that specific care should be taken when selecting urine density correction for investigating associations with hormonal and maturation markers in adolescent males. Furthermore, the possibility of xenoestrogenic effects of certain metals in environmentally exposed adolescents warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam De Craemer
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium.
| | - Kim Croes
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
| | - Nicolas van Larebeke
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium; Study Centre for Carcinogenesis and Primary Prevention of Cancer, Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ilse Loots
- Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
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Vejdovszky K, Schmidt V, Warth B, Marko D. Combinatory estrogenic effects between the isoflavone genistein and the mycotoxins zearalenone and alternariol in vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27739238 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The isoflavone genistein, present in soy-based food and dietary supplements, is known for its estrogenic potential. In addition to phytoestrogens, food may also contain mycotoxins with estrogenic properties like zearalenone or alternariol, raising the question on potential combinatory effects of these xenoestrogens. METHODS AND RESULTS Combinatory estrogenic effects of genistein with zearalenone or alternariol were studied in the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line Ishikawa as expression of alkaline phosphatase (AlP) activity. Combinations of genistein with either zearalenone or alternariol, showed synergism and antagonism in the AlP assay, depending on the combination ratios and the concentration range. For combinations of zearalenone with genistein synergistic effects dominated. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that mixture effects of phyto- and mycoestrogens potentially pose unexpected risks to consumers. Our study highlights the necessity of according considerations regarding combinatory effects in future risk assessment. The applied in vitro study design represents a cost-efficient screening method to discover interactive effects of estrogens as a basic decision tool for priority risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Vejdovszky
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Moura Costa DD, Bozza DA, Rizzo LE, Garcia J, Costa MDM, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA. Characterization, specificity and sensibility of produced anti-Rhamdia quelen vitellogenin in Brazilian fish species. Fish Physiol Biochem 2016; 42:1721-1732. [PMID: 27319005 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widespread used and can interfere on hormone regulation with adverse consequences for both biota and human. Vitellogenin (vtg) is a yolk precursor protein synthesized by the liver in response to estrogen. In order to characterize the vtg of tropical fish Rhamdia quelen and establish a molecular biomarker, adult male individuals were exposed to 17-β-estradiol (E2) for vtg induction and anti-R. quelen vtg polyclonal antibodies production. Vitellogenic female fish were used as positive control group. E2-induced vtg was characterized as a glycolipophosphoprotein of high molecular mass with peptide mass fingerprint very similar in E2-exposed male and vitellogenic female fish. A polyclonal serum containing anti-R. quelen vtg antibodies was produced and showed high specificity and sensibility to detect the vtg of three fish species: R. quelen, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Prochilodus lineatus. Wildlife and laboratory studies reported that EDCs released into the environment may alter the levels of plasma vtg in male fish, making this protein a valuable biomarker of xenoestrogens exposure. Then, we propose the use of anti-R. quelen vtg as a tool for biomonitoring studies and water quality assessment in Brazil and South American countries where the three fish species occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Dietrich Moura Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Dandie Antunes Bozza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Rizzo
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juan Garcia
- Estação de Piscicultura Panamá, Paulo Lopes, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Dietrich Moura Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Luzio A, Matos M, Santos D, Fontaínhas-Fernandes AA, Monteiro SM, Coimbra AM. Disruption of apoptosis pathways involved in zebrafish gonad differentiation by 17α-ethinylestradiol and fadrozole exposures. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 177:269-284. [PMID: 27337697 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) sex determination seems to involve genetic factors (GSD) but also environmental factors (ESD), such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are known to mimic endogenous hormones and disrupt gonad differentiation. Apoptosis has also been proposed to play a crucial role in zebrafish gonad differentiation. Nevertheless, the interactions between EDCs and apoptosis have received little attention. Thus, this study aimed to assess if and which apoptotic pathways are involved in zebrafish gonad differentiation and how EDCs may interfere with this process. With these purposes, zebrafish were exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2, 4ng/L) and fadrozole (Fad, 50μg/L) from 2h to 35days post-fertilization (dpf). Afterwards, a gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR and a stereological analysis, based on systematic sampling and protein immunohistochemistry, were performed. The death receptors (FAS; TRADD), anti-apoptotic (BCL-2; MDM2), pro-apoptotic (CASP-2 and -6) and cell proliferation (BIRC5/survivin; JUN) genes and proteins were evaluated. In general, apoptosis was inhibited in females through the involvement of anti-apoptotic pathways, while in males apoptosis seemed to be crucial to the failure of the "juvenile ovary" development and the induction of testes transformation. The JUN protein was shown to be necessary in juvenile ovaries, while the BIRC5 protein seemed to be involved in zebrafish spermatogenesis. Both EDCs, EE2 and Fad, increased the apoptosis stimulus in zebrafish gonad. It was noticed that the few females that were resistant to Fad-induced sex reversal had increased anti-apoptotic factor levels, while males exposed to EE2 showed increased pro-apoptotic genes/proteins and were more advanced in gonad differentiation. Overall, our findings show that apoptosis pathways are involved in zebrafish gonad differentiation and that EDCs can disrupt this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal; Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Matos
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Life Sciences and Environment School (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Dércia Santos
- Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal
| | - António A Fontaínhas-Fernandes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal; Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal; Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal
| | - Ana M Coimbra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal; Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5000-801, Portugal.
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Vejdovszky K, Hahn K, Braun D, Warth B, Marko D. Synergistic estrogenic effects of Fusarium and Alternaria mycotoxins in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1447-1460. [PMID: 27401186 PMCID: PMC5316405 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites formed by various fungal species that are found as natural contaminants in food. This very heterogeneous group of compounds triggers multiple toxic mechanisms, including endocrine disruptive potential. Current risk assessment of mycotoxins, as for most chemical substances, is based on the effects of single compounds. However, concern on a potential enhancement of risks by interactions of single substances in naturally occurring mixtures has greatly increased recently. In this study, the combinatory effects of three mycoestrogens were investigated in detail. This includes the endocrine disruptors zearalenone (ZEN) and α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) produced by Fusarium fungi and alternariol (AOH), a cytotoxic and estrogenic mycotoxin formed by Alternaria species. For evaluation of effects, estrogen-dependent activation of alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and cell proliferation were tested in the adenocarcinoma cell line Ishikawa. The estrogenic potential varied among the single substances. Half maximum effect concentrations (EC50) for AlP activation were evaluated for α-ZEL, ZEN and AOH as 37 pM, 562 pM and 995 nM, respectively. All three mycotoxins were found to act as partial agonists. The majority of binary combinations, even at very low concentrations in the case of α-ZEL, showed strong synergism in the AlP assay. These potentiating phenomena of mycotoxin mixtures highlight the urgent need to incorporate combinatory effects into future risk assessment, especially when endocrine disruptors are involved. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first investigation on synergistic effects of mycoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Vejdovszky
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Hahn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Braun
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Rebuli ME, Patisaul HB. Assessment of sex specific endocrine disrupting effects in the prenatal and pre-pubertal rodent brain. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:148-59. [PMID: 26307491 PMCID: PMC4762757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain sex differences are found in nearly every region of the brain and fundamental to sexually dimorphic behaviors as well as disorders of the brain and behavior. These differences are organized during gestation and early adolescence and detectable prior to puberty. Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) interfere with hormone action and are thus prenatal exposure is hypothesized to disrupt the formation of sex differences, and contribute to the increased prevalence of pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders that present with a sex bias. OBJECTIVE Available evidence for the ability of EDCs to impact the emergence of brain sex differences in the rodent brain was reviewed here, with a focus on effects detected at or before puberty. METHODS The peer-reviewed literature was searched using PubMed, and all relevant papers published by January 31, 2015 were incorporated. Endpoints of interest included molecular cellular and neuroanatomical effects. Studies on behavioral endpoints were not included because numerous reviews of that literature are available. RESULTS The hypothalamus was found to be particularly affected by estrogenic EDCs in a sex, time, and exposure dependent manner. The hippocampus also appears vulnerable to endocrine disruption by BPA and PCBs although there is little evidence from the pre-pubertal literature to make any conclusions about sex-specific effects. Gestational EDC exposure can alter fetal neurogenesis and gene expression throughout the brain including the cortex and cerebellum. The available literature primarily focuses on a few, well characterized EDCs, but little data is available for emerging contaminants. CONCLUSION The developmental EDC exposure literature demonstrates evidence of altered neurodevelopment as early as fetal life, with sex specific effects observed throughout the brain even before puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Rebuli
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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Luzio A, Monteiro SM, Rocha E, Fontaínhas-Fernandes AA, Coimbra AM. Development and recovery of histopathological alterations in the gonads of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after single and combined exposure to endocrine disruptors (17α-ethinylestradiol and fadrozole). Aquat Toxicol 2016; 175:90-105. [PMID: 27002526 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of wildlife to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is not necessarily continuous. Due to seasonal changes and variable industrial and agricultural activities it often occurs intermittently. Thus, it is possible that aquatic organisms may be more affected by periodic peak exposure than by chronic exposure. Therefore, an experimental scenario including an exposure from 2h to 90 days post-fertilization (dpf) and a subsequent recovery period until 150 dpf was chosen to assess the potential reversibility of the effects of sex steroids on sexual and gonad development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The aim of this study was to investigate the persistence of the endocrine effects of an estrogen (EE2-17α-ethinylestradiol, 4ng/L), an inhibitor of estrogen synthesis (Fad-fadrozole, 50μg/L) or their binary mixture (Mix-EE2+ Fad, 4ng/L+50μg/L). Afterwards, a semi-quantitative histological assessment was used to investigate histopathological changes on gonad differentiation and development. The data showed that fadrozole, alone or in combination with EE2, permanently disrupts the sexual development, inducing masculinization and causing severe pathological alterations in testis, such as intersex associated to the enlargement of sperm ducts, interstitial changes, asynchronous development and detachment of basal membrane. After exposures to both EDCs and their mixture, the gonad histopathology revealed interstitial proteinaceous fluid deposits and, in ovaries, there were atretic oocytes, and presumably degenerative mineralization. On the other hand, the gonadal changes induced by EE2 alone seem to be partially reversible when the exposure regime changed to a recovery period. In addition, EE2 enhanced zebrafish growth in both genders, with male fish presenting signs of early obesity such as the presence of adipocytes in testis. Moreover, sex ratio was slightly skewed toward females, at 90 and 105 dpf, in zebrafish exposed to EE2. The data further indicate that long-term studies on impacts of single EDCs and their mixtures with recovery periods are crucial to reveal the possibility of sex reversal and pathological changes of gonads that can adversely affect breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal; Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal
| | - António A Fontaínhas-Fernandes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana M Coimbra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes has dramatically increased worldwide over the last few decades. Although genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors like decreased physical activity and energy-dense diet are well-known factors in the pathophysiology of these conditions, accumulating evidence suggests that the increase in endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment also explains a substantial part of the incidence of these metabolic diseases. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide. Most people are exposed to it daily by consuming food and beverages into which BPA has leached from polycarbonate containers, including reusable bottles and baby bottles. Although initially considered to be a weak environmental estrogen, BPA may be similar in potency to 17β-estradiol in stimulating cellular responses, especially at low but environmentally relevant doses (nM), as more recent studies have demonstrated. In this review, we summarize both epidemiological evidence and in vivo experimental data that point to an association between BPA exposure and the induction of insulin resistance and/or disruption of pancreatic beta cell function and/or obesity. We then discuss the in vitro data and explain the potential mechanisms involved in the metabolic disorders observed after BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chevalier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, 151 route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, CS 23079, 06202, Nice Cedex 3, France
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Signalisation et Pathologie (IFR 50), Nice, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR U1065/UNS, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe 5 "Environnement, Reproduction et Cancers Hormono-Dépendants", Nice, France
| | - Patrick Fénichel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, 151 route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, CS 23079, 06202, Nice Cedex 3, France.
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Signalisation et Pathologie (IFR 50), Nice, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR U1065/UNS, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe 5 "Environnement, Reproduction et Cancers Hormono-Dépendants", Nice, France.
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