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Sun M, Niu J, Zhang Y, Wang M, Shen Y, Chen X, Mao Y, Li Q. Keratin Formed Bioadhesive Ophthalmic Gel for the Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:77. [PMID: 38589761 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin has the potential to function as the gel matrix in an ophthalmic formulation for the encapsulation of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. The quality of this formulation was thoroughly evaluated through various analyses, such as in vitro release assessment, rheological examination, intraocular retention studies in rabbits, assessment of bacteriostatic efficacy, and safety evaluations. It is worth mentioning that the gel demonstrated shear thinning properties and exhibited characteristics of an elastic solid, thereby confirming its structural stability. The gel demonstrated a notable affinity for mucosal surfaces in comparison to traditional azithromycin aqueous solutions. In vitro release testing revealed that drug release transpired via diffusion mechanisms, following a first-order kinetic release pattern. Additionally, the formulated gel exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacteriostatic evaluations. Lastly, safety assessments confirmed that the gel eye drops induced minimal irritation and displayed no apparent cytotoxicity, indicating their good safety and biocompatibility for ocular application. Thus, these findings indicated that the prepared azithromycin gel eye drops complied with the requisite standards for ophthalmic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jialin Niu
- Ophthalmology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Mengrong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yujuan Mao
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qian Li
- School of Life Science & Technology China, Pharmaceutical University24# Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Shusterman D. History of pollutant adjuvants in respiratory allergy. Front Allergy 2024; 5:1374771. [PMID: 38533354 PMCID: PMC10964904 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1374771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Combined exposures to allergens and air pollutants emerged as a topic of concern in scientific circles by the 1980's, when it became clear that parallel increases in respiratory allergies and traffic-related air pollution had been occurring during the 20th century. Although historically there has been a tendency to treat exposure-related symptoms as either allergic or toxicologic in nature, cross-interactions have since been established between the two modalities. For example, exposure to selected air pollutants in concert with a given allergen can increase the likelihood that an individual will become sensitized to that allergen, strongly suggesting that the pollutant acted as an adjuvant. Although not a review of underlying mechanisms, the purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the potential significance of co-exposure to adjuvant chemicals in predicting allergic sensitization in the respiratory tract. The current discussion emphasizes the upper airway as a model for respiratory challenge studies, the results of which may be applicable-not only to allergic rhinitis-but also to conjunctivitis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Shusterman
- Upper Airway Biology Laboratory, Division of Occupational, Environmental and Climate Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Kanďárová H, Pôbiš P. The "Big Three" in biocompatibility testing of medical devices: implementation of alternatives to animal experimentation-are we there yet? Front Toxicol 2024; 5:1337468. [PMID: 38259728 PMCID: PMC10800850 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1337468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biocompatibility testing ensures the safety of medical devices by assessing their compatibility with biological systems and their potential to cause harm or adverse reactions. Thus, it is a critical part of the overall safety evaluation process for medical devices. Three primary types of biocompatibility tests-cytotoxicity, irritation, and sensitisation assessment-are standard for nearly all medical devices. However, additional biocompatibility tests, such as genotoxicity, systemic toxicity, hemocompatibility, and implantation studies, may also be necessary, depending on the device's nature and intended use. The testing is partly conducted in vitro, but the industry still heavily relies on animal experiments. Compared to other industrial sectors, implementing alternatives in medical device biocompatibility testing has been notably slower. This delay can be attributed to the absence of specific validation processes tailored to medical devices and the resulting hesitation regarding the predictive capacity of these alternative methods despite their successful applications in other domains. This review focuses on the progress and obstacles to implementing new approach methodologies in the areas of cytotoxicity, irritation and sensitisation testing of medical devices. While challenges persist in adopting these innovative methods, the trend towards embracing alternatives remains robust. This trend is driven by technological advancements, ethical considerations, and growing industrial interest and support, all collectively contributing to advancing safer and more effective medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kanďárová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (IEPT), Centre of Experimental Medicine (CEM), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Bratislava, Slovakia
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Baethge A, Menhardt AK, Frontzkowski Y, Schilbach M. Two sides of the same coin: motivating and demotivating mediation paths of time pressure and their relationship with strain. Anxiety Stress Coping 2024; 37:86-99. [PMID: 36995928 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2183389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time pressure, commonly categorized a challenge stressor, consistently and positively relates to employees' experience of strain. However, regarding its relationship with motivational outcomes such as work engagement researchers have reported positive as well as negative effects. OBJECTIVES Drawing on the challenge-hindrance framework, we introduce two explanatory mechanisms (i.e., a loss of time control and an increase of meaning in work) which may explain both, the consistent findings related to strain (here operationalized as irritation) as well as the diverse findings related to work engagement. METHODS We conducted a two-wave survey with a two-week time-lag. The final sample consisted of 232 participants. To test our hypotheses, we used structural equation modeling. RESULTS Time pressure negatively and positively related to work engagement through loss of time control and meaning in work. Further, only loss of time control mediated the time pressure-irritation relationship. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate that time pressure likely acts motivating and demotivating at the same time, only through different paths. Hence, our study provides an explanation for the heterogeneous findings regarding the relationship between time pressure and work engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baethge
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Draelos ZD. Low irritation potential of tazarotene 0.045% lotion: Head-to-head comparison to adapalene 0.3% gel and trifarotene 0.005% cream in two studies. J DERMATOL TREAT 2023; 34:2166346. [PMID: 36622889 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2166346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritation with topical retinoids presents a significant impediment to acne treatment adherence. Two studies assessed the irritation potential of tazarotene 0.045% lotion versus adapalene 0.3% gel and trifarotene 0.005% cream. METHODS In two double-blind, 12-day modified cumulative irritation patch studies, healthy adults (N = 20 each) had two active patches, containing 0.1 cc of tazarotene 0.045% lotion and either adapalene 0.3% gel (Study 1) or trifarotene 0.005% cream (Study 2), and one control patch (no product) placed on their upper back. Skin irritation was assessed and patches were replaced every 2-3 days. RESULTS In Study 1, tazarotene 0.045% lotion and adapalene 0.3% gel were both mildly irritating, though irritation was lower overall with tazarotene 0.045% lotion. In Study 2, significantly greater irritation was observed with trifarotene 0.005% cream than tazarotene 0.045% lotion, beginning two days after the first patch application and at each subsequent visit. In sub-analyses of data from both studies, irritation among participants with acne was similar to the overall study populations. CONCLUSIONS In two head-to-head studies comparing the irritation potential of third- and fourth-generation retinoids, tazarotene 0.045% lotion was significantly less irritating than trifarotene 0.005% cream and numerically less irritating than adapalene 0.3% gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe D Draelos
- Dermatology Consulting Services, PLLC, High Point, NC, USA
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Bhagwat AP, Madke B. The Current Advancement in Psoriasis. Cureus 2023; 15:e47006. [PMID: 37965393 PMCID: PMC10642617 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The study on psoriasis disease helps improve the condition and treatment options day by day in dermatology. In the current scenario, research is ongoing to make the best interventions possible for managing the disease. Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatological conditions wherein chronic inflammation of the skin occurs, characterized by the formation of a rash with scaly, itchy patches over the body surface. The condition is mainly related to the immune system wherein epidermal hyperplasia occurs with infiltration of immune cells. Many factors can trigger psoriasis. Environmental, emotional, hereditary, and personal habits are responsible for the conditions. The current research helps to gain a complete understanding, and the basic knowledge of the state with recent advancements in treatment strategies and characteristic features can also be studied. The main aim is to know the disease's primary root cause and management. It involves the main sites of the body. The most commonly affected parts are the scalp, trunks, knees, elbow, and ankle. It is a chronic long-term disease. Sometimes it may be painful. Itching, bleeding, and disturbed sleep patterns are common symptoms. Most commonly involves the upper epidermal surface. The prevalence of the condition has been increased as it is associated with other comorbidities. The main focus of the treatment is to restrict skin cell multiplication and remove scaly surfaces. This review discusses the advancement in the treatment, its initiation, progression, current symptoms, and disease development. The study also includes basic knowledge about the types of psoriatic disease with its specific features and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya P Bhagwat
- Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Bhushan Madke
- Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Abou-Taleb HA, Fathalla Z, Naguib DM, Fatease AA, Abdelkader H. Chitosan/Solid-Lipid Nanoparticles Hybrid Gels for Vaginal Delivery of Estradiol for Management of Vaginal Menopausal Symptoms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1284. [PMID: 37765092 PMCID: PMC10536129 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormonal replacement therapy is the mainstay treatment to improve quality of life and reduce mortality. With the increasing number of young women with early menopause, women now live longer (increased life expectancy). However, poor patient compliance with oral estrogen therapy has emerged. Intravaginal estrogen therapy can provide significant benefits with minimal risk for postmenopausal women with symptoms of the lower urinary tract and vaginal area but who do not want to take oral estrogen. In this study, estradiol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLPs) were prepared from compritol ATO 888 and precirol ATO 5, and two different stabilizers (Pluronic F127 and Tween 80) were studied. Selected SLPs (F3 and F6) were coated with different concentrations of the mucoadhesive and sustained-release polymer chitosan. Furthermore, gelation time, viscosity, mucoadhesion, ex vivo permeation, and in vitro irritation for vaginal irritation were studied. Particle sizes ranged between 450-850 nm, and EE% recorded 50-83% for the six SLPs depending on the type and amount of lipids used. Cumulative % drug release was significantly enhanced and was recorded at 51% to 83%, compared to that (less than 20%) for the control suspension of estradiol. Furthermore, extensive thermal gelation and mucoadhesion were recorded for chitosan-coated SLPs. Up to 2.2-fold increases in the permeation parameters for SLPs gels compared to the control suspension gel were recorded, revealing a slight to moderate irritation on Hela cell lines. These findings demonstrated chitosan-coated estradiol SLPs as novel and promising vaginal mucoadhesive hybrid nanogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Abou-Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University (MUE), Sohag 82755, Egypt;
| | - Zeinab Fathalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Demiana M. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamdy Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia;
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Mennella JA, Kan M, Lowenthal ED, Saraiva LR, Mainland JD, Himes BE, Pepino MY. Genetic Variation and Sensory Perception of a Pediatric Formulation of Ibuprofen: Can a Medicine Taste Too Good for Some? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13050. [PMID: 37685855 PMCID: PMC10487938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is wide variation in how individuals perceive the chemosensory attributes of liquid formulations of ibuprofen, encompassing both adults and children. To understand personal variation in the taste and chemesthesis properties of this medicine, and how to measure it, our first scientific strategy centered on utilizing trained adult panelists, due to the complex and time-consuming psychophysical tasks needed at this initial stage. We conducted a double-blind cohort study in which panelists underwent whole-genome-wide genotyping and psychophysically evaluated an over-the-counter pediatric medicine containing ibuprofen. Associations between sensory phenotypes and genetic variation near/within irritant and taste receptor genes were determined. Panelists who experienced the urge to cough or throat sensations found the medicine less palatable and sweet, and more irritating. Perceptions varied with genetic ancestry; panelists of African genetic ancestry had fewer chemesthetic sensations, rating the medicine sweeter, less irritating, and more palatable than did those of European genetic ancestry. We discovered a novel association between TRPA1 rs11988795 and tingling sensations, independent of ancestry. We also determined for the first time that just tasting the medicine allowed predictions of perceptions after swallowing, simplifying future psychophysical studies on diverse populations of different age groups needed to understand genetic, cultural-dietary, and epigenetic factors that influence individual perceptions of palatability and, in turn, adherence and the risk of accidental ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Mennella
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (L.R.S.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Mengyuan Kan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Elizabeth D. Lowenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Luis R. Saraiva
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (L.R.S.); (J.D.M.)
- Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Joel D. Mainland
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (L.R.S.); (J.D.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - M. Yanina Pepino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
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Takeda S, Yamamoto M, Tanaka Y, Mitsuya S, Yamauchi KI, Hirata H. A nerve-to-implant distance as a novel predictor for lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injuries after anterior subcutaneous pelvic internal fixation. Nagoya J Med Sci 2023; 85:569-578. [PMID: 37829480 PMCID: PMC10565574 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.85.3.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Although anterior subcutaneous pelvic internal fixation is a valuable tool for the reduction and fixation of unstable pelvic ring injuries, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve irritation by the implant is the most common complication. This study aimed to investigate the association between the nerve-to-implant distance and the postoperative lateral femoral cutaneous nerve symptom. Patients who underwent anterior subcutaneous pelvic internal fixation between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve status was defined as follows: not identified, nerve-to-implant distance <13 mm, and ≥13 mm. The proportion of patients who experienced postoperative nerve disorders was compared using the nerve status. Nerve-to-implant distances were compared using the presence or absence of postoperative lateral femoral cutaneous nerve disorders. The predictive value of a nerve-to-implant distance of 13 mm for postoperative nerve disorders was assessed. Overall, 26 lateral femoral cutaneous nerves were included. Ten patients had postoperative nerve disorders, of which seven had an nerve-to-implant distance <13 mm, while the other three occurred in patients whose nerves were not identified. A nerve-to-implant distance ≥13 mm was significantly associated with a decreased risk of postoperative nerve disorder compared to a nerve-to-implant distance <13 mm (p = 0.017). A nerve-to-implant distance ≥13 mm had a perfect sensitivity (100%) and modest specificity (58.3%). Nerve-to-implant distance was ≥13 mm. Nerve disorders were frequently observed when the nerve-to-implant distance was <13 mm or the nerve was not identified intraoperatively. Efforts to identify the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve may be useful to avoid internal fixation-related nerve disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Takeda
- Trauma and Microsurgery Center, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Michiro Yamamoto
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, USA
| | - So Mitsuya
- Trauma and Microsurgery Center, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamauchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hirata
- Department of Hand Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Lestari W, Hajar S. Safety evaluation and effects of cascara pulp Gayo Arabica coffee cream as anti-photoaging in animal model. Narra J 2023; 3:e204. [PMID: 38450277 PMCID: PMC10916414 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) exposure causes premature skin aging called photoaging and coffee-derived topical antioxidants may help to reduce this process. Since a significant amount of antioxidant-rich cascara pulp are wasted in coffee processing, this study aimed to evaluate the safety of cascara extract cream of Gayo Arabica coffee pulp (CECGACP) as anti-photoaging in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) by assessing the skin primary irritation index (PII), skin macroscopic changes and the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five different groups: negative control (base cream only), positive control containing L-ascorbic acid 3%, and three treatment groups treated with cream containing 5%, 7.5% and 10% of CECGACP. The CECGACP was extracted, formulated into cream as a topical treatment and applied on the backs of the rats two times a day, once before the UV exposure and four hours after the exposure. After four weeks, the skins were macroscopically examined, and the TNF-α levels were measured. The PII was assessed after applying the cream 24 hours before UX exposure. Our data suggested that CECGACP was considered safe because there were no erythema and edema formation on the skin of the rats with PII score of 0 (classified as no irritation or negligible). After UV exposure, all rats had visible wrinkles and erythema on the skin in particular in the first week. After administration of CECGACP, both wrinkles and erythema were decreased. The levels of TNF-α varied from 0.15±0.02 ng/mL in the negative control and CECGACP 7.5% rat groups to 0.19±0.03 in the positive control group; however, there was no significant difference among all the groups. Our study suggests that CECGACP is safe to use in Wistar rats and able to reduce the erythema and edema due to UV exposure. However, the application of CECGACP does not provide a significant reduction of TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Lestari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Sitti Hajar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Abstract
The upper airway (nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and glottis) provides the sentinel portion of the human respiratory tract, with the combined senses of olfaction (cranial nerve I) and trigeminal sensation (cranial nerve V) signaling the quality of inspired air. Trigeminal function also complements the sense of taste (in turn mediated by cranial nerves VII, IX and X), and participates in the genesis of taste aversions. The ability of trigeminal stimulation in the upper aero-digestive tract to trigger a variety of respiratory and behavioral reflexes has long been recognized. In this context, the last three decades has seen a proliferation of observations at a molecular level regarding the mechanisms of olfaction, irritation, and gustation. Concurrently, an ever-widening network of physiological interactions between olfaction, taste, and trigeminal function has been uncovered. The objective of this review is to summarize the relatively recent expansion of research in this sub-field of sensory science, and to explore the clinical and therapeutic implications thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Shusterman
- Division of Occupational, Environmental and Climate Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0843, USA
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12
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Alwadany MM, Alotaibi MA, Almousa AS, Alawdah AM, AlDera NM, Alqahtan GM, Al Ajeel HY. The Prevalence and Clinical Features of Skin Irritation Caused by Infection Prevention Measures During COVID-19 in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e39846. [PMID: 37397648 PMCID: PMC10314809 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV), was reported at the end of 2019 and caused a severe public health concern. It caused high mortalities by respiratory failure among infected people and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. This virus caused infections through air or direct contact which documented a huge number of fatalities. AIM This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on skin eczema of the general public in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey-based study, that was conducted via an online survey distributed to the general population of Riyadh for the period between January and February 2023. Data was collected through a questionnaire which was distributed through the social media websites. RESULTS A total of 697 participants were involved in this study. Around one-fifth of the study participants (19.5%) reported that they suffer from some form of allergy and have family history of allergy (21.8%). Eczema was the most common type of allergy among the study participants accounting for 32.4%. A total of 116 participants (16.6%) reported that they have personal history of hand eczema or other skin disease on the hands. Cleaning and sterilization materials were reported as the most common cause of dryness and irritation of eczema (62.1%). Around 41.0% of the participants reported that they noticed a worsening of their symptoms after the pandemic, of which dryness was the most commonly reported sign noticed getting worse by 68.1% of the participants. The vast majority of the participants (89.7%) reported that new skin symptoms emerged on their hands after the beginning of the pandemic, of which dryness was reported by all the participants. CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of participants, particularly those with a history of hand eczema, experienced dermatological difficulties, including skin damage, due to the usage of COVID-19 preventive strategies. Thus, we recommend increasing the use of innovative infection prevention approaches and skin protection measures, such as regular hand hydration and maybe the use of less toxic skin disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manar A Alotaibi
- Department of Dermatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Norah M AlDera
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Li X, Wang F, Huang Y, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Investigation of the Biosafety of Antibacterial Mg(OH) 2 Nanoparticles to a Normal Biological System. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040229. [PMID: 37103319 PMCID: PMC10141151 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles (NPs) as antibacterial agents to a normal biological system is unclear, so it is necessary to evaluate their potential toxic effect for safe use. In this work, the administration of these antibacterial agents did not induce pulmonary interstitial fibrosis as no significant effect on the proliferation of HELF cells was observed in vitro. Additionally, Mg(OH)2 NPs caused no inhibition of the proliferation of PC-12 cells, indicating that the brain's nervous system was not affected by Mg(OH)2 NPs. The acute oral toxicity test showed that the Mg(OH)2 NPs at 10,000 mg/kg induced no mortality during the administration period, and there was little toxicity in vital organs according to a histological analysis. In addition, the in vivo acute eye irritation test results showed little acute irritation of the eye caused by Mg(OH)2 NPs. Thus, Mg(OH)2 NPs exhibited great biosafety to a normal biological system, which was critical for human health and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanjing Liu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiyue Li
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fuming Wang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yuezhou Liu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Central for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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14
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Huang XW, Pan W, Zhong MZ, Chhonker YS, Steele AD, Keohane CE, Mishra B, Felix Raj Lucas LO, Murry DJ, Ausubel FM, Wuest WM, Li CX, Mylonakis E. Biological Evaluation of the Antibacterial Retinoid CD437 in Cutibacterium acnes Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0167922. [PMID: 36943064 PMCID: PMC10112217 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01679-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a complex skin disease involving infection by Cutibacterium acnes, inflammation, and hyperkeratinization. We evaluated the activity of the retinoid 6-[3-(adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) and 16 other retinoid analogs as potential anti-C. acnes compounds and found that CD437 displayed the highest antimicrobial activity with an MIC against C. acnes (ATCC 6919 and HM-513) of 1 μg/mL. CD437 demonstrated an MBC of 2 μg/mL compared to up to 64 μg/mL for the retinoid adapalene and up to 16 μg/mL for tetracycline, which are commonly used clinically to treat acne. Membrane permeability assays demonstrated that exposure of C. acnes ATCC 6919 to CD437 damaged the integrity of C. acnes ATCC 6919 bacterial membranes, and this finding was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, CD437 downregulated the expression of C. acnes ATCC 6919 virulence factors, including the genes encoding Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen factor 1 (CAMP1), CAMP2, glycerol-ester hydrolase B (GehB), sialidase B, and neuraminidase. In a mouse skin infection model of C. acnes ATCC 6919, topical treatment with CD437 ameliorated skin lesions and reduced the bacterial burden in situ (P < 0.001). In human NHEK primary cells, CD437 reduced the transcriptional levels of the coding genes for inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1α, ~10-fold; interleukin-6, ~20-fold; interleukin-8, ~30-fold; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, ~6-fold) and downregulated the transcriptional levels of KRT10 (~10-fold), FLG (~4-fold), and TGM1 (~2-fold), indicating that CD437 can diminish inflammation and hyperkeratinization. In summary, CD437 deserves further attention for its dual function as a potential acne therapeutic that potentially acts on both the pathogen and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-wen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mei-zhen Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yashpal Singh Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Andrew D. Steele
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Biswajit Mishra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lewis Oscar Felix Raj Lucas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daryl J. Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Frederick M. Ausubel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chang-xing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Heichel T, Brans R, John SM, Nienhaus A, Nordheider K, Wilke A, Sonsmann FK. Effects of impermeable and semipermeable glove materials on resolution of inflammation and epidermal barrier impairment after experimental skin irritation. Contact Dermatitis 2023. [PMID: 37015218 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semipermeable membranes might be suitable for glove liners or comfort gloves in individuals with irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of different glove materials on inflammation and epidermal barrier impairment after experimental skin irritation. METHODS Nine test areas on the volar forearms of 24 healthy volunteers were irritated with sodium lauryl sulfate (1%) and afterward covered for 6 days (6 or 8 h/day) with semipermeable Sympatex (SYM), vinyl (OCC), combinations of vinyl with Sympatex (SYM/OCC) or cotton (COT/OCC), or left uncovered (CON). Up to day 10, measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema (a*), skin humidity (SH) and visual scoring (VS) were applied. RESULTS No significant differences in skin parameters were found between COT/OCC and SYM/OCC as well as between each of the combinations and CON. SYM, COT/OCC and SYM/OCC led to better results for most skin parameters than OCC alone. CONCLUSIONS Occlusive material has a negative impact on skin barrier recovery and inflammation after skin irritation whereas SYM is not inferior to uncovered areas indicating good tolerability. Altogether, the data suggest that SYM is a useful alternative to COT as material for glove liners and comfort gloves in ICD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theres Heichel
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Richard Brans
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Swen M John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Albert Nienhaus
- Competence Centre for Epidemiology and Health Service Research in Nursing (CVcare), Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nordheider
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Annika Wilke
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Flora K Sonsmann
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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16
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Weigelt O, Seidel JC, Erber L, Wendsche J, Varol YZ, Weiher GM, Gierer P, Sciannimanica C, Janzen R, Syrek CJ. Too Committed to Switch Off-Capturing and Organizing the Full Range of Work-Related Rumination from Detachment to Overcommitment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3573. [PMID: 36834267 PMCID: PMC9967488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Work-related thoughts during off-job time have been studied extensively in occupational health psychology and related fields. We provide a focused review of the research on overcommitment-a component within the effort-reward imbalance model-and aim to connect this line of research to the most commonly studied aspects of work-related rumination. Drawing on this integrative review, we analyze survey data on ten facets of work-related rumination, namely (1) overcommitment, (2) psychological detachment, (3) affective rumination, (4) problem-solving pondering, (5) positive work reflection, (6) negative work reflection, (7) distraction, (8) cognitive irritation, (9) emotional irritation, and (10) inability to recover. First, we apply exploratory factor analysis to self-reported survey data from 357 employees to calibrate overcommitment items and to position overcommitment within the nomological net of work-related rumination constructs. Second, we apply confirmatory factor analysis to self-reported survey data from 388 employees to provide a more specific test of uniqueness vs. overlap among these constructs. Third, we apply relative weight analysis to assess the unique criterion-related validity of each work-related rumination facet regarding (1) physical fatigue, (2) cognitive fatigue, (3) emotional fatigue, (4) burnout, (5) psychosomatic complaints, and (6) satisfaction with life. Our results suggest that several measures of work-related rumination (e.g., overcommitment and cognitive irritation) can be used interchangeably. Emotional irritation and affective rumination emerge as the strongest unique predictors of fatigue, burnout, psychosomatic complaints, and satisfaction with life. Our study is intended to assist researchers in making informed decisions on selecting scales for their research and paves the way for integrating research on the effort-reward imbalance and work-related rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Weigelt
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. Charlotte Seidel
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucy Erber
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Wendsche
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Section 3 Work and Health, D-01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yasemin Z. Varol
- Educational Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60629 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerald M. Weiher
- Educational Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60629 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Petra Gierer
- Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Hagen, D-58084 Hagen, Germany
| | | | - Richard Janzen
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine J. Syrek
- Business Psychology, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
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17
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Valpaços C, Leclerc-Mercier S, Lopes L, Svoboda D, Miranda D, Correia P, Junior J, Fernandes E, Francois-Newton V, Mandary MB, Gueniche A, Tan J, Kerob D. Benefits of the Dermocosmetic Mineral 89 Probiotic Fractions Adjunct to Topical Retinoids for Anti-Aging Benefits. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:375-385. [PMID: 36798538 PMCID: PMC9928536 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s396952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Tretinoin is a topical gold standard for photoaging treatment. However, patient adherence can be impaired by local tolerability in the first 1-2 weeks of treatment. Mineral 89 Probiotic Fractions® (M89PF) containing Vichy volcanic mineralizing water®, probiotic fractions, hyaluronic acid, niacinamide and tocopherol was developed to fulfill the need for adjunctive products that can reinforce skin barrier and manage retinoid induced irritation. Patients and Methods The study included 38 women, aged 44-60 years, phototype II-VI, applying 0.025% tretinoin gel once nightly for 84 days. For 28 days, one hemi face was treated with M89PF and sunscreen SPF 50+ while other hemi face received sunscreen only. Then, M89PF application was changed to full face. Evaluations were performed at days 0, 7, 28 and 84. Erythema, dryness, fine lines, skin tone, radiance and pore appearance were assessed by a dermatologist. Tolerability was evaluated through self-assessment questionnaire. Skin hydration levels, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed by immunological assay: Interleukin(IL)-8, IL1-alpha, IL1-Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Results Hemiface analysis showed that erythema, fine lines, skin tone, radiance, pore appearance, hydration, tightness, dryness, burning, itching and stinging sensations were improved (p<0.05) on the M89PF side. At full face analysis on D84, erythema, fine lines, skin tone, radiance and pore appearance were improved compared to D0 (p<0.001). Tightness, dryness, burning, itching and stinging were reduced when compared to D7 (p<0.05). Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Skindex 16 showed improvement in quality of life (p<0.05). IL-1RA increased at D28 (p=0.003) and PGE2 decreased at D28 and D84 compared to D0 (p<0.01). Conclusion M89PF reduced retinoid induced irritation with a good tolerability profile and, used as an adjunct to topical tretinoin, significantly improved skin hydration, erythema, fine lines, skin tone, radiance and pore appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Valpaços
- Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (Research Institute), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Correspondence: Camila Valpaços, Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (Research Institute), Rua dos Inválidos, 212, 401/402, Lapa, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-048, Brazil, Tel +55 21 2221-6180, Email
| | | | - Luana Lopes
- Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (Research Institute), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Svoboda
- Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (Research Institute), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniele Miranda
- Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (Research Institute), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Erika Fernandes
- Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (Research Institute), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Madiiha Bibi Mandary
- Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (Research Institute), Phoenix, Mauritius
| | | | - Jerry Tan
- Western University, Department of Medicine and Windsor Clinical Research Inc, Windsor, ON, Canada
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18
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Gina M, Wichert K, Kutz G, Brüning T, Fartasch M. Applying skin protective cream and the wearing of gloves?-A randomized controlled experimental study. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:372-382. [PMID: 36727715 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glove occlusion might enhance skin sensitivity to a subsequent detergent challenge (occlusion effect). Thus, some skin protection creams (PC) claim to protect against this effect of occlusion, and are recommended to be used before wearing liquid-proof gloves. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of PC applied prior to glove occlusion on the 'occlusion effect'-refers to increased susceptibility of the skin to a model detergent. METHODS One hundred and eleven volunteers were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized study. Seven PCs were applied before glove occlusion over 7 days (D1-D7). After sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) challenge, we compared the irritation between the areas treated with PC and occlusion alone. Clinical scoring and bioengineering methods (capacitance, transepidermal water loss [TEWL], and colourimetry [erythema]) were used to quantify the irritant reactions. RESULTS After 1 week of occlusion and PC application, we did not observe significant changes in TEWL, nor in erythema, whereas skin hydration raised in three cream-treated areas. On day 10, after a challenge with SLS, some products significantly aggravated the skin irritation as compared to occlusion alone. CONCLUSIONS The 'occlusion effect'-shown as higher skin susceptibility to a model detergent-was not mitigated by PCs when applied prior to glove occlusion. On the contrary, some PCs might have negative effects on skin barrier function and augment such sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gina
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Wichert
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerald Kutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Detmold, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manigé Fartasch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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19
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Harding AL, Colley HE, Vazquez IB, Danby S, Hasan MZ, Nakanishi H, Furuno T, Murdoch C. c-Src activation as a potential marker of chemical-induced skin irritation using tissue-engineered skin equivalents. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:220-225. [PMID: 36457227 PMCID: PMC10946902 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Skin irritancy to topically applied chemicals is a significant problem that affects millions of people worldwide. New or modified chemical entities must be tested for potential skin irritancy by industry as part of the safety and toxicity profiling process. Many of these tests have now moved to a non-animal-based format to reduce experiments on animals. However, these tests for irritancy potential often rely on monolayer cultures of keratinocytes that are not representative of the skin architecture or tissue-engineered human skin equivalents (HSE) using complex multi-gene expression panels that are often cumbersome and not amenable for high throughput. Here, we show that human skin equivalents increase abundance of several phosphorylated kinases (c-Src, c-Jun, p53, GSK3α/β) in response to irritant chemical stimulation by phosphokinase array analysis. Specific phosphorylation of c-SrcY419 was confirmed by immunoblotting and was plasma membrane-associated in basal/spinous cells by phospho-specific immunohistochemistry. Moreover, c-SrcY419 phosphorylation in response to the irritants lactic acid and capsaicin was inhibited by the c-Src inhibitors KB-SRC and betaine trimethylglycine. These data provide the first evidence for c-Src specific activation in response to chemical irritants and point to the development of new modes of rapid testing by immunodetection for first-pass screening of potential irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Harding
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Helen E. Colley
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Simon Danby
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Md Zobaer Hasan
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Safety Design CentreKyotoJapan
| | | | - Tetsuo Furuno
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Safety Design CentreKyotoJapan
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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20
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Scheel TE, Bendixen L, Procházka J, Acquadro Maran D. Working during the COVID-19 pandemic: Demands, resources, and mental wellbeing. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1037866. [PMID: 36710793 PMCID: PMC9880045 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1037866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between working conditions at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (spring 2020) and employees' mental wellbeing. According to the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, work intensification, increased difficulty in accomplishing work tasks, heightened risk of infection by COVID-19, and increasingly working from home may detrimentally relate to irritation. However, personal and job resources (e.g., occupational self-efficacy, social support) may buffer. Data from 680 employees from four European countries were analyzed by means of path analyses and polynomial regression. Work intensification was significantly positively associated with cognitive and affective irritation; other job demands were not. However, working from home prior to as well as during the pandemic was related to higher cognitive irritation. None of the moderators was of meaningful significance. Reducing work intensification as well as enduring home office seems to be crucial for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Eleonore Scheel
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Flensburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Bendixen
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Flensburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Lydia Bendixen,
| | - Jakub Procházka
- Department of Corporate Economy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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21
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Aubry L, Vallion R, Salman S, Damiens MH, Ferret PJ, Kerdine-Römer S. Ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide, a quaternary ammonium compound, controls inflammatory response through NRF2 pathway in a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line. Front Toxicol 2023; 5:1132020. [PMID: 37089166 PMCID: PMC10117438 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1132020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many everyday products contain quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and some of them are known to be skin irritants such as benzalkonium chloride. Others, such as didecyldimethylammonium chloride, have been shown to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (EHD) is a QAC for which sensitization potential is not clearly known. Therefore, we have studied its mechanism in human keratinocytes (KC), the main cells of the epidermis. We used the well-described human KC cell line KERTr exposed to EHD, cinnamaldehyde (CinA), a well-known skin sensitizer, and a mixture of both. Since chemical sensitizers are known to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), leading to cellular detoxification and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines, protein or mRNA expression of NRF2 pathway-related enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated by Western blot and RT-qPCR. The activity of the NRF2 pathway on inflammation was studied by RT-qPCR in NRF2-invalidated KERTr cells. We showed that EHD cannot induce the NRF2 pathway, unlike contact sensitizers like CinA. EHD triggers an inflammatory response by inducing the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β or IL-6. Moreover, mixing EHD and CinA inhibits the effect of CinA on NRF2 expression and mitigates the inflammatory response induced by EHD alone. EHD treatment of KERTr cells in which NRF2 has been invalidated showed an exacerbation of the inflammatory response at the transcriptional level. Hence, EHD may elicit an inflammatory response in KC via the NF-κB pathway, which could lead to irritation when applied to the skin. This inflammation is negatively controlled by the basal activity of the NRF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Aubry
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Romain Vallion
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Sara Salman
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Damiens
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | | | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
- *Correspondence: Saadia Kerdine-Römer,
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22
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La Mantia I, Bannò P, Scollo P, Ciprandi G. OCULAR DISCOMFORT IN PROFESSIONAL POLO-WATER PLAYERS: A PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE WITH TOPICAL HYALURONIC ACID AND GLYCURONATE ENOXOLONE. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2023; 79:136-140. [PMID: 37344215 DOI: 10.31348/2023/19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Professional polo-water athletes are exposed to chlorine in the swimming pool. Chlorine is an irritant agent, so polo-water athletes commonly experience irritative eye symptoms. Hyaluronic acid and glycuronate enoxolone exert anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity. Therefore, the present practical experience explored the efficacy and safety of eye drops containing both components. MATERIAL AND METHODS The current study included 59 professional polo-water athletes. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and dry eye-related quality of life (QoL) score (DEQS) questionnaires were used to assess the efficacy. Subjects took the eye drops for one month. The study consisted of a baseline visit (T0) and an end-treatment one (T1). RESULTS Athletes experienced a significant improvement in symptoms and QoL as assessed by OSDI and DEQS scores (p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION The present study showed that professional polo-water athletes frequently experience ocular discomfort associated with swimming pool attendance. Eye drops with hyaluronic acid and glycuronate enoxolone can significantly relieve eye symptoms and improve the quality of life in these athletes.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Biting Fibroma of the Lower Lip: A Case Report and Literature Review on an Irritation Fibroma Occurring at the Traumatic Site of a Tooth Bite. Cureus 2022; 14:e32237. [PMID: 36620845 PMCID: PMC9815785 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biting fibroma, an irritation fibroma or traumatic fibroma associated with a history of a prior lesion-related tooth bite or biting injury at the site, is a commonly acquired benign reactive lesion of the oral cavity. It is usually an asymptomatic, small, mucosa-colored, smooth, pedunculated or sessile papule. A biting fibroma is most commonly located on the buccal mucosa, followed by, in decreasing frequency, on the tongue or lip or hard palate or gingiva. It typically presents as a solitary lesion; however, it can appear as multiple lesions. Excision is the treatment of choice for a biting fibroma; however, the resolution of the lesion-associated chronic inflammation is also necessary to prevent a recurrence. The clinical history, lesion morphology, and pathology findings of an illustrative patient with a biting fibroma were included in this case report. An 80-year-old woman was described who developed a biting fibroma at the site of a tooth bite on her lower lip. An excisional biopsy not only confirmed the suspected diagnosis of a biting fibroma but also successfully treated her condition by removing the lesion; there was no recurrence. In conclusion, the diagnosis of a biting fibroma should be considered when a patient presents with a new intraoral lesion, particularly if associated with an acute injury or chronic inflammation of the site. Since the clinical differential diagnosis of a biting fibroma includes various other benign conditions and less common malignant neoplasms, a biopsy that removes the lesion may not only establish the diagnosis but also potentially provide adequate treatment.
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Padilla-Camberos E, Juárez-Navarro KJ, Sanchez-Hernandez IM, Torres-Gonzalez OR, Flores-Fernandez JM. Toxicological Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized with Peel Extract of Stenocereus queretaroensis. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5700. [PMID: 36013835 PMCID: PMC9413338 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with plants are widely used in different industries, such as the medical, industrial, and food industries; however, their hazards and risks remain unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of AgNPs in both in vitro and in vivo models. Previously, we developed and characterized green synthesized AgNPs based on Stenocereus queretaroensis (S. queretaroensis). The present study evaluates the toxicity of these AgNPs through cytotoxicity and mutagenicity tests in vitro, as well as genotoxicity tests, including the evaluation of acute oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity, along with dermal and ocular irritation, in vivo, according to guidelines of The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We evaluated cell cytotoxicity in L929 cells, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 134.76 µg/mL. AgNPs did not cause genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Furthermore, in vivo oral, dermal, and acute inhalation toxicity results did not show any adverse effects or mortality in the test animals, and after the dermal and ocular irritation assessments, the in vivo models did not exhibit irritation or corrosion. Therefore, the results show that these previously synthesized S. queretaroensis AgNPs do not represent a risk at the tested concentrations; however, little is known about the effects that AgNPs induce on physiological systems or the possible risk following long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Normalistas 800, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karen J. Juárez-Navarro
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Normalistas 800, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ivan Moises Sanchez-Hernandez
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Normalistas 800, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Omar Ricardo Torres-Gonzalez
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Normalistas 800, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jose Miguel Flores-Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Department of Research and Innovation, Universidad Tecnológica de Oriental, de la No. 3402, Calle 37 Nte., Oriental 75020, Puebla, Mexico
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Chen Z, Zhang X, Guo H, Liu X, Liu J, Yu Y, Wang Q, Yuan P. [Current situation and influencing factors of the irritability of the elderly in Mianyang City in 2019]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2022; 51:591-595. [PMID: 36047264 DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation of irritability in the elderly in Mianyang City, explore the influencing factors of irritability. METHODS In 2019, 823 elderly people over 60 years old in Mianyang City were selected by multi-stage random sampling, including 351(42.65%) males and 472(57.35%) females, with a median age of 67 years and a interquartile interval of 8 years. The information was collected by self rating scale of irritability, depression and anxiety and questionnaire of influencing factors of negative emotion. Questionnaire surveys were used to investigate their irritability, health status, health-related behaviors, support for the elderly, characteristics of the elderly, and mental health knowledge. Describe the detection rate of irritability, and use two-class logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors of their depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 823 elderly people in Mianyang City were investigated, 178 were found to be irritable, and the prevalence of irritability was 21.63%. The result of Logistic regression model showed that: female(OR= 1.800, 95% CI 1.223-2.627), ill within two weeks(OR = 1.611, 95% CI 1.101-2.358), hospitalized within one year(OR = 2.045, 95% CI 1.327-3.048), no spouse(OR = 0.349, 95% CI 0.209-0.582), good self-rated health(OR = 0.389, 95% CI 0.243-0.625), emotional support for children(OR = 0.549, 95% CI 0.341-0.882), the old-age care model was self care(OR = 0.649, 95% CI 0.453-0.931), they were related to irritating emotions. CONCLUSION A certain proportion of the elderly in Mianyang City have irritability. Gender, marital status, health status, pension support and characteristics are the influencing factors of irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Chen
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongju Guo
- Mianyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuke Yu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Wang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Jøraholmen MW, Damdimopoulou P, Acharya G, Škalko-Basnet N. Toxicity Assessment of Resveratrol Liposomes-in-Hydrogel Delivery System by EpiVaginal TM Tissue Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061295. [PMID: 35745867 PMCID: PMC9231258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural polyphenol resveratrol (RES) has shown great potential as an antimicrobial, including against microbes associated with vaginal infections. To fully exploit the activities of RES, an all-natural ingredients formulation for RES delivery at vaginal site has been developed, namely liposomes loaded with RES, incorporated into a chitosan hydrogel as secondary vehicle. Although considered non-toxic and safe on their own, the compatibility of the final formulation must be evaluated for its biocompatibility and non-irritancy to the vaginal mucosa. As a preclinical safety assessment, the impact of RES formulation on the tissue viability, the effect on barrier function and cell monolayer integrity, and cytotoxicity were evaluated using the cell-based vaginal tissue model, the EpiVaginal™ tissue. RES liposomes-in-hydrogel formulations neither affected the mitochondrial activity, nor the integrity of the cell monolayer in RES concentration up to 60 µg/mL. Moreover, the barrier function was maintained to a greater extent by RES in formulation, emphasizing the benefits of the delivery system. Additionally, none of the tested formulations expressed an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity compared to the non-treated tissues. The evaluation of the RES delivery system suggests that it is non-irritant and biocompatible with vaginal tissue in vitro in the RES concentrations considered as therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Wenche Jøraholmen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.D.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-776-23376
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.D.); (G.A.)
- Women’s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusveien 38, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
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Żywicka B, Struszczyk MH, Paluch D, Kostanek K, Krucińska I, Kowalski K, Kopias K, Rybak Z, Szymonowicz M, Gutowska A, Kubiak P. Design of New Concept of Knitted Hernia Implant. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15072671. [PMID: 35408005 PMCID: PMC9000569 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A knitted implant, unilaterally modified with plasma-assisted chemical-vapor deposition (PACVD), and with a nano-layer of fluorine derivative supplementation, for reducing the risk of complications related to adhesions, and the formation of a thick postoperative scar was prepared. The biological evaluation of designed or modified medical devices is the main aspect of preclinical research. If such studies use a medical device with prolonged contact with connective tissue (more than 30 days), biocompatibility studies require a safety assessment in terms of toxicity in vitro and in vivo, allergenicity, irritation, and cancerogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity. The ultimate aspect of biological evaluation is biofunctionality, and evaluation of the local tissue response after implantation, resulting in the determination of all aspects of local biocompatibility with the implemented synthetic material. The implantation of PACVD-modified materials in muscle allows us to estimate the local irritation effect on the connective tissue, determining the risk of scar formation, whereas implantation of the above-mentioned knitted fabric into the abdominal wall, assists with evaluating the risk of fistula formation-the main post-surgical complications. The research aimed to evaluate the local reaction of the soft tissues after the implantation of the knitted implants modified with PACVD of the fluoropolymer in the nanostuctural form. The local effect that occurred during the implantation of the designed implants was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated when PACVD unmodified (reference), and modified medical devices were implanted in the abdominal cavity (intra-abdominal position) for 12 or into the muscles for 56 weeks. The comparative semi-quantitative histological assessment included the severity of inflammatory cells (multinucleated cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, giant cells) and the tissue response (necrosis, neovascularization, fibrosis, and fat infiltration) on a five-point scale. The knitted implants modified by PACVD did not indicate cumulative tissue response when they were implanted in the muscle and intra-abdominally with direct contact with the viscera. They reduced local tissue reaction (score -2.71 after 56 weeks of the implantation) and internal organ adhesion (irritation score -2.01 and adhesion susceptibility -0.3 after 12 weeks of the implantation) compared with the reference (unmodified by PACVD) knitted implant, which had an identical structure and was made of the same source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusława Żywicka
- Pre-clinical Research Center, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.P.); (Z.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcin Henryk Struszczyk
- Institute of Security Technologies “MORATEX”, Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 90-505 Lodz, Poland; (M.H.S.); (A.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Danuta Paluch
- Pre-clinical Research Center, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.P.); (Z.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Kostanek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Textile Research Institute, Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Izabella Krucińska
- Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Technological University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Knitting Technology, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Technological University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazimierz Kopias
- Department of Knitting Technology, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Technological University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Zbigniew Rybak
- Pre-clinical Research Center, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.P.); (Z.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Szymonowicz
- Pre-clinical Research Center, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.P.); (Z.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Gutowska
- Institute of Security Technologies “MORATEX”, Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 90-505 Lodz, Poland; (M.H.S.); (A.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kubiak
- Institute of Security Technologies “MORATEX”, Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 90-505 Lodz, Poland; (M.H.S.); (A.G.); (P.K.)
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Munawar S, Syed Muhammad F, Syed Ahmed S, Farooq S, Rehman A. Skipping the skippable: An empirical study with out-of-sample predictive relevance. J Community Psychol 2022; 50:742-759. [PMID: 34291825 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This explanatory research aims to describe the factors that impact YouTube ad intrusiveness, value, and avoidance in light of psychological reactance theory. RESEARCH DESIGN The research has a causal-predictive design. It describes the relationship between the construct with an underpinning theory. Data from a sample of 294 respondents were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling to test within sample explanatory power and out-of-sample prediction power. FINDINGS The results show that informativeness does not significantly impact intrusiveness and ad avoidance. Entertainment has a negative direct and mediated impact on ad avoidance. Moreover, irritation was found to moderate the impact of informativeness on intrusiveness negatively. Importance-Performance Map Analysis revealed that entertainment lacks in performance despite being an essential factor. Besides explanatory power, the model has a moderate out-of-sample predictive relevance power. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The relative importance of the entertainment and interactive impact of irritation with informativeness is established for the first time in this study. The new finding is a significant contribution to theory while leading to practical implications for the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Munawar
- Management and Social Sciences Department, Usman Institute of Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fahim Syed Muhammad
- College of Business Management, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shoeb Syed Ahmed
- Hamdard Institute of Management Sciences, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumair Farooq
- Hamdard Institute of Management Sciences, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asma Rehman
- College of Business Management, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan
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Lee SS, Ryu HY, Ahn KS, Lee S, Lee J, Lee JW, Ko SM, Son WC. Toxicological profile of bisphenol F via comprehensive and extensive toxicity evaluations following dermal exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2022; 85:163-174. [PMID: 34763616 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1997843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) is classified as a harmful substance by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Although previous studies focused on human exposure to BPF via direct consumption or inhalation, few investigators assessed potential toxicological effects following skin contact. The aim of this study was to examine (1) the degree and pattern by which BPF is absorbed onto the skin in vivo, and (2) determination of toxicity and safety using the following tests: acute dermal; a 28-day repeat dermal; a skin irritation; an eye irritation; and a skin sensitization. As indicated by the amount of BPF remaining in the epidermis or dermis, data demonstrated that BPF was absorbed through the skin at a 26.5% rate. BPF penetrated the subcutaneous layer at a "fast rate" (Kp: 2.2E-02). Although no toxicological changes or local irritation were observed following skin exposure, BPF induced potent sensitization. In summary, the findings of this study showed that BPF penetrated and was absorbed into the skin at a high rate which was associated with enhanced chemical-induced skin sensitization and this may have significant implications following exposure of skin to BPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Sik Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Bio Technology, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Yeol Ryu
- Department of Bio Technology, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sup Ahn
- Department of Bio Technology, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Bio Technology, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Department of Bio Technology, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Bio Technology, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soo Min Ko
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Eberlin S, Facchini G, da Silva GH, Eberlin S, Bragatto AR, Pinheiro ALTA, da Silva Pinheiro A. Ex Vivo Human Skin: An Alternative Test System for Skin Irritation and Corrosion Assays. Altern Lab Anim 2021; 49:137-146. [PMID: 34399588 DOI: 10.1177/02611929211038652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Native human skin has been reported in the literature as being an important experimental model for studying skin biology. Studies performed by our group have shown that ex vivo skin, from elective plastic surgery, maintains the biological characteristics of native skin under specific culture conditions. As such, it might be a feasible model for the safety and efficacy testing of topical substances. While Brazil is at the forefront of global regulation implementation, Brazilian researchers are not always able to transfer certain widely used protocols to their laboratories, particularly protocols that involve the use of reconstructed tissues with limited viability, such as those for skin corrosion (OECD TG 431) and irritation testing (OECD TG 439). In this study, we investigated the applicability of the ex vivo skin model to the evaluation of irritation and corrosion potential of a number of proficiency substances described in TG 431 and TG 439. The skin fragments were standardised in size and diameter, and placed into cell culture inserts. The experimental protocol was conducted according to TG 431 and TG 439. The results obtained show that ex vivo skin could represent a promising tool for the evaluation of irritation and corrosion potential of substances (subject to inclusion and exclusion criteria), as recommended by OECD guidelines. While this is a proof-of-concept study, the use of ex vivo skin should be considered for such testing.
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Patoli D, Chan RCK, Tung A, Rana M. Successful Left Phrenic Nerve Block for Intractable Hiccups in a Patient With LVAD-Induced Diaphragmatic Irritation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:2544-2547. [PMID: 34598866 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daneel Patoli
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
| | - Ronny Cheuk-Kit Chan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Avery Tung
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Maunak Rana
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Mohamed A, Korzhikov-Vlakh V, Zhang N, Said A, Pilipenko I, Schäfer-Korting M, Zoschke C, Tennikova T. Effect of Poly(L-lysine) and Heparin Coatings on the Surface of Polyester-Based Particles on Prednisolone Release and Biocompatibility. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:801. [PMID: 34072016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of micro- and nanoparticle types are currently investigated for advanced ocular treatment due to improved drug retention times, higher bioavailability and better biocompatibility. Yet, comparative studies of both physicochemical and toxicological performance of these novel drug delivery systems are still rare. Herein, poly(L-lactic acid)- and poly(ε-caprolactone)-based micro- and nanoparticles were loaded with prednisolone as a model drug. The physicochemical properties of the particles were varied with respect to their hydrophilicity and size as well as their charge and the effect on prednisolone release was evaluated. The particle biocompatibility was assessed by a two-tier testing strategy, combining the EpiOcularTM eye irritation test and bovine corneal opacity and permeability assay. The biodegradable polyelectrolyte corona on the particles’ surface determined the surface charge and the release rate, enabling prednisolone release for at least 30 days. Thereby, the prednisolone release process was mainly governed by molecular diffusion. Finally, the developed particle formulations were found to be nontoxic in the tested range of concentrations.
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Ritmaleni, Susilo Putri DS, Wulandari T, Zulkarnain AK, Murrukmihadi M. The effect of variation of tetrahydropentagamavunon-0 concentration in lotion and emulgel formula toward acute dermal irritation study. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:127-131. [PMID: 34159142 PMCID: PMC8177156 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_270_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropentagamavunon-0 (THPGV-0) is a curcumin metabolite analog which known has a higher antioxidant activity than Vitamin E. This compound has been formulated in lotion as antiaging cosmetics, but the irritation effect is unknown yet. This study aims to analyze the effect of variation of THPGV-0 concentration in lotion and emulgel formula toward acute dermal irritation. The concentrations of THPGV-0 varied to 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% in lotion/emulgel and tested for their physical properties such as organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion. Acute dermal irritation test is done in accordance with the In vivo Nonclinical Toxicity Test Guidelines by the Indonesian Food and Drug Administration (BPOM). This study showed that Primary Irritation Index (PII) value concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% THPGV-0 in lotion formula are 0.014, 0.014, and 0.028 (close to 0) and in emulgel formula are 0.08 at concentration of 0.1%, 0.33 at concentration of 0.2%, and 0.25 at concentration of 0.4%. PII of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% THPGV-0 in lotion and emulgel is included in negligible irritation response. Hence, the both of THPGV-0 formula in lotion and emulgel are considered safe to use on skin according to this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritmaleni
- Department of Pharmaceutial Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Curcumin Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dina Suci Susilo Putri
- Curcumin Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tia Wulandari
- Curcumin Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Karim Zulkarnain
- Department of Pharmaceutic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mimiek Murrukmihadi
- Curcumin Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Lan X, Zhou T, Dong Y, Li Y, Liu X, Qiang W, Liu Y, Guo Y, Noman M, Li J, Du L, Li X, Yang J. Dermal toxicity, dermal irritation, and delayed contact sensitization evaluation of oil body linked oleosin-hEGF microgel emulsion via transdermal drug delivery for wound healing. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:45-53. [PMID: 33438439 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1874008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The expression of therapeutic proteins in plant oil body bioreactors has attracted much attention. But its safety is not yet clear. This article determines the risk of safety after using the drug. Methods: The oil body-linked oleosin-hEGF microgel emulsion (OBEME) was prepared by mixing the xanthan gum with suitable concentrations in an appropriate proportion. Skin irritation and sensitization reaction were investigated in rats and guinea pigs using OBEME as test article.Results: The OBEME did not produce dermal erythema/eschar or oedema responses. The dermal subacute and subchronic toxicity of OBEME were evaluated in accordance with OECD guidelines. Compared with the control group, the basic physical signs, such as weight, feed, drinking, excretion, and behaviour of experimental animals, were not abnormal. In addition, no abnormality was found in haematological parameters, biochemical indexes, relative organ weight, and histopathological observation of organs, and there was no significant difference compared with normal saline treatment group. Therefore, we conclude that OBEME has no toxic effects and is safe and reliable to be used for topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lan
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Jilin Kingmed for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yue Dong
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yuyan Li
- Jilin Kingmed for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Jilin Kingmed for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Changchun, PR China
| | - Weidong Qiang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Jilin Kingmed for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Linna Du
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
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Yu T, Wilson CE, Stratford JM, Finger TE. Genetic Deletion of TrpV1 and TrpA1 Does Not Alter Avoidance of or Patterns of Brainstem Activation to Citric Acid in Mice. Chem Senses 2020; 45:573-579. [PMID: 32572463 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the oral cavity to acidic solutions evokes not only a sensation of sour, but also of sharp or tangy. Acidic substances potentially stimulate both taste buds and acid-sensitive mucosal free nerve endings. Mice lacking taste function (P2X2/P2X3 double-KO mice) refuse acidic solutions similar to wildtype (WT) mice and intraoral infusion of acidic solutions in these KO animals evokes substantial c-Fos activity within orosensory trigeminal nuclei as well as of the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) (Stratford, Thompson, et al. 2017). This residual acid-evoked, non-taste activity includes areas that receive inputs from trigeminal and glossopharyngeal peptidergic (CGRP-containing) nerve fibers that express TrpA1 and TrpV1 both of which are activated by low pH. We compared avoidance responses in WT and TrpA1/V1 double-KO (TRPA1/V1Dbl-/-) mice in brief-access behavioral assay (lickometer) to 1, 3, 10, and 30 mM citric acid, along with 100 µM SC45647 and H2O. Both WT and TRPA1/V1Dbl-/- show similar avoidance, including to higher concentrations of citric acid (10 and 30 mM; pH 2.62 and pH 2.36, respectively), indicating that neither TrpA1 nor TrpV1 is necessary for the acid-avoidance behavior in animals with an intact taste system. Similarly, induction of c-Fos in the nTS and dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus was similar in the WT and TRPA1/V1Dbl-/- animals. Taken together these results suggest non-TrpV1 and non-TrpA1 receptors underlie the residual responses to acids in mice lacking taste function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Courtney E Wilson
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer M Stratford
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Finger
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Bloch D, Marx-Stoelting P, Martin S. Towards a tiered test strategy for plant protection products to address mixture toxicity by alternative approaches in human health assessment. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:3326-3332. [PMID: 32770639 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant protection products (PPPs) consist of pesticide active substances and co-formulants. Generally, active substance effects are assumed to dominate in PPP toxicity. Nevertheless, co-formulants may well affect the toxicity of PPPs via toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic interaction. To account for potential mixture effects and improve PPP data requirements for application in risk assessment, a tiered test strategy is proposed. The strategy is based on a comparison of PPP and active substance toxicity, which enables the prioritisation of PPPs for further testing, adaptation of the toxicological threshold value or removal of toxic co-formulants from the PPP. Moreover, it focuses on the integrative assessment of existing information and newly generated data using alternative test methods. The proposed strategy will improve PPP toxicological assessment by accounting for mixture toxicity, providing a set of regulatory options for risk assessment and the necessary data for hazard assessment. The predictivity of alternative methods for PPPs will improve by evaluation of their reliability and uncertainty. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by JohnWiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bloch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Martin
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Wastensson G, Eriksson K. Inorganic chloramines: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:219-271. [PMID: 32484073 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1744514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic chloramines are not commercially available, but monochloramine is produced in situ for disinfection or for use in chemical synthesis. Inorganic chloramines are also formed when free chlorine reacts with nitrogen containing substances, e.g. ammonia and urea, present in chlorinated water sources. Occupational exposure may, therefore, occur in e.g. swimming pool facilities and the food processing industry. Monochloramine is soluble and stable in water and the dominating inorganic chloramine in chlorinated water sources. No clinical effects were seen in healthy volunteers given monochloramine in drinking water during 4 or 12 weeks in doses of 0.043 or 0.034 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. Limited data indicate that monochloramine is weakly mutagenic in vitro but not genotoxic in vivo. One drinking water study indicated equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity in female rats but not in male rats and mice. No reproductive or developmental effects were shown in rodents in the few studies located. Dichloramine is soluble but unstable in water. In the only study located, mild histological effects in kidneys, thyroid and gastric cardia were observed in rats administered dichloramine in drinking water for 13 weeks. Trichloramine is immiscible with water and evaporates easily from water into air. Therefore, the primary exposure route of concern in the occupational setting is inhalation. Occupational exposure to trichloramine has been demonstrated in indoor swimming pool facilities and in the food processing industry where chlorinated water is used for disinfection. Exposure-response relationships between airborne levels and self-reported ocular and upper airway irritation have been shown in several studies. Exposure to trichloramine may aggravate asthma symptoms in individuals with existing asthma. The risk of developing asthma following long-term exposure to trichloramine cannot be evaluated at present. No data on genotoxic, carcinogenic, reproductive or developmental effects were located. The toxicological data for mono- and dichloramine are insufficient to recommend health-based occupational exposure limits (OELs).As regard trichloramine, the critical effect is judged to be irritation observed in several studies on pool workers, starting at approximately 0.4 mg/m3 (stationary sampling). Based on these data, a health-based OEL of 0.1 mg/m3 (8-h time-weighted average) is recommended. This corresponds to 0.2 mg/m3 for stationary measurements in swimming pool facilities. No short-term exposure limit (STEL) is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Wastensson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kåre Eriksson
- Department of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Marsup P, Yeerong K, Neimkhum W, Sirithunyalug J, Anuchapreeda S, To-anun C, Chaiyana W. Enhancement of Chemical Stability and Dermal Delivery of Cordyceps militaris Extracts by Nanoemulsion. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1565. [PMID: 32784892 PMCID: PMC7466510 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop nanoemulsions for enhancing chemical stability and dermal delivery of Cordyceps militaris extracts. C. militaris was extracted by maceration and infusion. The extracts were investigated for cordycepin, phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was investigated by in vitro spectrophotometric methods. The irritation profile was investigated by hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test. Nanoemulsions were developed using high-pressure homogenizer. C. militaris extract was incorporated into the nanoemulsion and investigated for safety, release profile, permeation, and skin retention. The results demonstrated that water extract (CW) contained the significantly highest content of cordycepin, phenolics, and flavonoids, which were responsible for antioxidant activity. CW was the most potent antioxidant. CW possessed comparable 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition to l-ascorbic acid (96.9 ± 3.1%) and alpha-tocopherol (87.2 ± 1.0%). Consequently, ten mg/mL of CW was incorporated into nanoemulsions composing of sugar squalene, Tween® 85, and deionized water. Nanoemulsion, which had the smallest internal droplet size (157.1 ± 2.6 nm), enhanced the stability of CW, had no cytotoxicity effect and no skin irritation, released the most CW (0.9 ± 0.0% w/w after 24 h), and delivered the highest CW into the skin layer (33.5 ± 0.7% w/w). Therefore, nanoemulsion was suggested for enhancing the stability and dermal delivery of CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachabadee Marsup
- Master’s Degree Program in Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Kankanit Yeerong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Waranya Neimkhum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samutprakarn 10250, Thailand;
| | - Jakkapan Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat To-anun
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Anantaworasakul P, Chaiyana W, Michniak-Kohn BB, Rungseevijitprapa W, Ampasavate C. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Concentrated Capsaicin from Chili Extract-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles with Reduced Skin Irritation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E463. [PMID: 32438539 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop lipid-based nanoparticles that entrapped a high concentration of capsaicin (0.25%) from a capsicum oleoresin extract. The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were strategically fabricated to entrap capsaicin without a hazardous solvent. Optimized nanosize lipid particles with high capsaicin entrapment and loading capacity were achieved from pair-wise comparison of the solid lipid mixtures consisting of fatty esters and fatty alcohols, representing small and large crystal-structure molecules combined with a compatible liquid lipid and surfactants (crystallinity index = 3%). This report was focused on selectively captured capsaicin from oleoresin in amorphous chili extract-loaded NLCs with 85.27% ± 0.12% entrapment efficiency (EE) and 8.53% ± 0.01% loading capacity (LC). The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of chili extract-loaded NLCs were 148.50 ± 2.94 nm, 0.12 ± 0.03, and -29.58 ± 1.37 mV, respectively. The favorable zero-order kinetics that prolonged capsaicin release and the significantly faster transdermal penetration of the NLC attributed to the reduction in skin irritation of the concentrated capsaicin NLCs, as illustrated by the in vitro EpiDermTM three-dimensional human skin irritation test and hen's egg test chorioallantoic membrane assay (HET-CAM).
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Spagolla Napoleão Tavares R, Stuchi Maria-Engler S, Colepicolo P, Debonsi HM, Schäfer-Korting M, Marx U, Rigo Gaspar L, Zoschke C. Skin Irritation Testing beyond Tissue Viability: Fucoxanthin Effects on Inflammation, Homeostasis, and Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020136. [PMID: 32033492 PMCID: PMC7076544 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UV light catalyzes the ozone formation from air pollutants, like nitrogen oxides. Since ozone reacts with cutaneous sebum lipids to peroxides and, thus, promotes inflammation, tumorigenesis, and aging, even broad-spectrum sunscreens cannot properly protect skin. Meanwhile, xanthophylls, like fucoxanthin, proved their antioxidant and cytoprotective functions, but the safety of their topical application in human cell-based models remains unknown. Aiming for a more detailed insight into the cutaneous fucoxanthin toxicity, we assessed the tissue viability according to OECD test guideline no. 439 as well as changes in inflammation (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8), homeostasis (EGFR, HSPB1) and metabolism (NAT1). First, we proved the suitability of our 24-well-based reconstructed human skin for irritation testing. Next, we dissolved 0.5% fucoxanthin either in alkyl benzoate or in ethanol and applied both solutions onto the tissue surface. None of the solutions decreased RHS viability below 50%. In contrast, fucoxanthin ameliorated the detrimental effects of ethanol and reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins 6 and 8, while increasing NAT1 gene expression. In conclusion, we developed an organ-on-a-chip compatible RHS, being suitable for skin irritation testing beyond tissue viability assessment. Fucoxanthin proved to be non-irritant in RHS and already showed first skin protective effects following topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Spagolla Napoleão Tavares
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; (R.S.N.T.); (H.M.D.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Clinical and Toxicological Analyses Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Pio Colepicolo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Hosana Maria Debonsi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; (R.S.N.T.); (H.M.D.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology & Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin Luise Str 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Lorena Rigo Gaspar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; (R.S.N.T.); (H.M.D.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Christian Zoschke
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology & Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin Luise Str 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-838-56189
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Zhang G, Bao C, Fu K, Lin Y, Li T, Yang H. Synthesis, Characterization, Self-Assembly, and Irritation Studies of Polyglyceryl-10 Caprylates. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E294. [PMID: 32024256 PMCID: PMC7077386 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-dioxane should be less than or equal to 10 ppm in finished cosmetic products according to the recommendation of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, but it is often generated as a by-product during the manufacturing process of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based derivatives. In order to avoid the possible risk caused by 1,4-dioxane, it might be a good choice for preparing cosmetic ingredients by using polyglycerin (PG) instead of PEG as a hydrophilic segment. In the present study, polyglyceryl-10 caprylates were synthesized by the esterification reaction between polyglycerin-10 and caprylic acid. FTIR and 1H NMR were utilized to confirm the chemical structures of the obtained polyglyceryl-10 caprylates. Light transmittance was availed to investigate the water solubility of polyglyceryl-10 caprylates. The self-assembly behavior, size, and size distribution of polyglyceryl-10 caprylates were investigated by dynamic light scattering. The makeup cleansing effect was also evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. Irritation was evaluated by hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane assay (HET-CAM). Results showed that polyglyceryl-10 monocaprylate could self-assemble into nanoparticles in the water at the concentration range of 2.5-10 wt% with a transparent appearance. The diameter of formed nanoparticles was around 100 nm with a narrow particle size distribution around 0.1 at the concentration of 2.5 wt% or 5 wt%. Polyglyceryl-10 monocaprylate exhibited good removal effect against makeup and excellent removal efficacy against pen eyeliner. The irritation of polyglyceryl-10 monocaprylate evaluated by HET-CAM at the concentration of 4 wt% was moderate irritant (irritation score = 8.4), which was lower than that of PEG-6 caprylic/capric glycerides (severe irritant, irritation score = 14.1). Therefore, polyglyceryl-10 monocaprylate might be a promising cosmetic ingredient for transparent makeup removing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (C.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Chenhui Bao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (C.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Kaiqiao Fu
- Guangzhou KLD New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510425, China; (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yaolin Lin
- Guangzhou KLD New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510425, China; (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tianlong Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (C.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Huping Yang
- Guangzhou KLD New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510425, China; (K.F.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.)
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Tang Y, He W, Wu Y, Cai R. Assessing the dyeing efficiency and irritation potentials of plant hair dyes: A multi-analytical in vitro approach. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1564-1574. [PMID: 30779331 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest toward dyeing hairs with plant colorants has grown in popularity considering its low-toxic nature. However, researches reporting plant hair dyes are limited and the potential adverse effects of irritation are unclear. OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to provide an avenue by which to more accurately assess the dyeing efficiency and irritation potentials of plant hair dyes. METHODS Four extracted plant colorants were incorporated in hydrogel hair dyes that were directly applied on unbleached gray human hairs. Their dyeing performances and the effect of an iron (Ⅱ) mordant were photometrically measured in CIELab coordinates and color strength. The eye and skin irritancy was assessed by combining various in vitro methods, including bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay in combination with histopathological analysis, Hen's egg test on chick chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) and a test on reconstructed human epidermis models. RESULTS The investigated hair dyes exhibited desirable dyeing efficiency on human hairs. Post-treatment with the iron (Ⅱ) mordant caused a significant increase in color strength with subtle changes to the hue of dyed color. In the irritation testing, the four hair dyes were categorized as slight-to-mild eye irritants but possessed no skin irritation potential, while the mordant was determined as a non-irritant. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the efficacy of a multi-analytical approach for in vitro assessment of various plant colorants for hair dyeing. The investigated plant extracts are suitable for producing viable colors on human hairs and may serve as a low-irritating alternative to the synthetic hair dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Soimee W, Nakyai W, Charoensit P, Grandmottet F, Worasakwutiphong S, Phimnuan P, Viyoch J. Evaluation of moisturizing and irritation potential of sacha inchi oil. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:915-924. [PMID: 31441999 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The moisturizing and irritation effects of sacha inchi oil were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN The moisturizing effect on the skin was clinically assessed using a regression study design. Sacha inchi oil or olive oil (benchmark) was applied on the left or right lower leg of the subjects for 14 days followed by application discontinuation for 2 days. The TEWL, skin moisture content and dryness appearance were observed. METHODS The fatty acid composition and characteristics of cold-pressed sacha inchi seed oil were determined. Skin tissues cultured ex vivo were used to assess primary irritation induced by the oil by examining keratin 1 expression and TNF-α and IL-1α release from the oil-applied tissues. RESULTS The sacha inchi oil contained 42.3% linolenic acid and 39.5% linoleic acid. This oil's saponification, iodine, acid and peroxide values were 168.58 ± 1.55 mg KOH/g, 203.00 ± 0.04 g I2 /100 g, 1.68 ± 0.03 mg KOH/g, and 1.95 ± 0.26 mEq peroxide/kg, respectively. Compared with nontreated skin tissues, induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-1α and disruption of keratin 1 integrity in the stratum corneum layer were not found in the sacha inchi oil-treated tissues. In a clinical study with 13 volunteers, the improvement in moisture content and skin dryness appearance at the sacha inchi oil-applied site was comparable with that observed at the olive oil-applied site. CONCLUSIONS The sacha inchi oil was mild to the skin and benefited dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichuda Soimee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wongnapa Nakyai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pensri Charoensit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Preeyawass Phimnuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Oon HH, Wong SN, Aw DCW, Cheong WK, Goh CL, Tan HH. Acne Management Guidelines by the Dermatological Society of Singapore. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2019; 12:34-50. [PMID: 31531161 PMCID: PMC6715335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the multiethnic patient population with varying skin types in Singapore, clinicians often find the management of acne in their patients to be challenging. The authors developed these guidelines to provide comprehensive advice on individualized acne treatment and to provide a reference guide for all doctors who treat patients of Asian descent. Unique features of acne in Singapore are highlighted. We address concerns such as diet, special population needs, and the benefits, side effects, risks, and cost-effectiveness of currently available acne treatments. These treatment guidelines outline recommendations for the diagnosis, grading, and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with acne of varying severity, and include advice pertaining to the use of cosmeceuticals and management of scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel H Oon
- Drs. Oon and Goh are with the National Skin Centre in Singapore
- Dr. Wong is with Dr. SN Wong Skin, Hair, Nails & Laser Specialist Clinic in Singapore
- Dr. Aw is with Sengkang General Hospital in Singapore
- Dr. Cheong is with Specialist Skin Clinic and Associates in Singapore
- Dr. Tan is with Thomson Specialist Skin Centre in Singapore
| | - Su-Ni Wong
- Drs. Oon and Goh are with the National Skin Centre in Singapore
- Dr. Wong is with Dr. SN Wong Skin, Hair, Nails & Laser Specialist Clinic in Singapore
- Dr. Aw is with Sengkang General Hospital in Singapore
- Dr. Cheong is with Specialist Skin Clinic and Associates in Singapore
- Dr. Tan is with Thomson Specialist Skin Centre in Singapore
| | - Derrick Chen Wee Aw
- Drs. Oon and Goh are with the National Skin Centre in Singapore
- Dr. Wong is with Dr. SN Wong Skin, Hair, Nails & Laser Specialist Clinic in Singapore
- Dr. Aw is with Sengkang General Hospital in Singapore
- Dr. Cheong is with Specialist Skin Clinic and Associates in Singapore
- Dr. Tan is with Thomson Specialist Skin Centre in Singapore
| | - Wai Kwong Cheong
- Drs. Oon and Goh are with the National Skin Centre in Singapore
- Dr. Wong is with Dr. SN Wong Skin, Hair, Nails & Laser Specialist Clinic in Singapore
- Dr. Aw is with Sengkang General Hospital in Singapore
- Dr. Cheong is with Specialist Skin Clinic and Associates in Singapore
- Dr. Tan is with Thomson Specialist Skin Centre in Singapore
| | - Chee Leok Goh
- Drs. Oon and Goh are with the National Skin Centre in Singapore
- Dr. Wong is with Dr. SN Wong Skin, Hair, Nails & Laser Specialist Clinic in Singapore
- Dr. Aw is with Sengkang General Hospital in Singapore
- Dr. Cheong is with Specialist Skin Clinic and Associates in Singapore
- Dr. Tan is with Thomson Specialist Skin Centre in Singapore
| | - Hiok Hee Tan
- Drs. Oon and Goh are with the National Skin Centre in Singapore
- Dr. Wong is with Dr. SN Wong Skin, Hair, Nails & Laser Specialist Clinic in Singapore
- Dr. Aw is with Sengkang General Hospital in Singapore
- Dr. Cheong is with Specialist Skin Clinic and Associates in Singapore
- Dr. Tan is with Thomson Specialist Skin Centre in Singapore
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Serini S, Cassano R, Facchinetti E, Amendola G, Trombino S, Calviello G. Anti-Irritant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of DHA Encapsulated in Resveratrol-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Human Keratinocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1400. [PMID: 31234344 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that the dietary long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-ω-3 PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), showed enhanced antineoplastic activity against colon cancer cells if encapsulated in resveratrol-based solid lipid nanoparticles (RV-SLNs). In the present study, we investigated whether the DHA enclosed in RV-SLNs (DHA-RV-SLNs) could have the potential of attenuating irritation and inflammation caused by environmental factors at the skin level. To this aim, we used two keratinocyte lines (HaCaT and NCTC 2544 cells) and exposed them to the cytotoxic action of the surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as an in vitro model of irritation, or to the pro-inflammatory activity of the cytokine TNF-α. We found that DHA enclosed in RV-SLNs significantly enhanced its ability to contrast the cytotoxic effect of SDS and to inhibit the SDS- and TNF-α-induced production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and 1 MCP-1, in the two keratinocyte cell lines, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, it more efficiently reduced the upsurge of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels obtained in the presence of a pro-oxidant (H2O2). Overall, our findings suggest the possibility that a sustained dietary supplementation with DHA-RV-SLNs could efficiently protect skin from the pro-irritant and pro-inflammatory activity of environmental attacks.
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Jetté ME, Clary MS, Prager JD, Finger TE. Chemical receptors of the arytenoid: A comparison of human and mouse. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:423-430. [PMID: 30908677 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The larynx is a highly responsive organ exposed to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Chemicals elicit responses both in intraepithelial nerve fibers and in specialized chemosensory cells, including scattered solitary cells as well as taste cells organized into taste buds. Activation of both chemosensory cells and taste buds in the larynx elicit cough, swallow, or apnea with exposure to sour or bitter substances, and even by water or sweet-tasting chemicals. In an effort to begin understanding their function, we sought to compare the distribution, density, and types of chemosensory cells and chemoresponsive nerve fibers in laryngeal epithelium of humans and mice. STUDY DESIGN Animal and human laboratory analysis. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, we identified taste cells and polymodal nociceptive nerve fibers in the arytenoid area of the laryngeal epithelium of the following: 1) infants undergoing supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia, and 2) a cadaveric specimen procured from a 34-year-old donor. We then compared these findings to both preweanling and mature mouse tissue. RESULTS Arytenoid tissue from both human and mouse contained many taste buds containing type II taste cells-bitter, sweet, or umami sensing-which were innervated by nerve fibers expressing P2X3 type adenosine triphosphate receptors. Type III cells (acid responsive) were also present, but they were fewer in human tissue than in equivalent tissue from mice. In both species, the epithelium was densely innervated by free nerve endings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that from a standpoint of chemosensation, human and mouse larynges are biologically similar. This suggests that a murine model can be used effectively in laryngeal chemosensory research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 130:423-430, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Jetté
- Department of Otolaryngology, in the School of Medicine at the University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Matthew S Clary
- Department of Otolaryngology, in the School of Medicine at the University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Otolaryngology, in the School of Medicine at the University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A.,Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Thomas E Finger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
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Ernstgård L, Bottai M, Johanson G, Sjögren B. Down-regulation of the inflammatory response after short-term exposure to low levels of chemical vapours. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:482-487. [PMID: 30852491 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between signs and symptoms of irritation and biomarkers of inflammatory markers in blood in healthy volunteers exposed to different chemical vapours for 2 or 4 hours in an exposure chamber. METHODS The investigated chemicals were: acetic acid (5 and 10 ppm), acrolein (0.05 and 0.1 ppm), 1,4-dioxane (20 ppm), n-hexanal (2 and 10 ppm), hydrogen peroxide (0.5 and 2.2 ppm), 2-propanol (150 ppm), m-xylene (50 ppm), standard and dearomatised white spirit (100 and 300 mg/m3). C reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein and interleukin 6 were measured in plasma immediately before and 2 or 4 hours after the exposures. Symptoms were rated from 0 to 100 mm in Visual Analogue Scales and covered 10 questions whereof four related to irritation: discomfort in the eyes, nose and throat and dyspnoea. The effect measurements included blink frequency by electromyography, nasal swelling by acoustic rhinometry and lung function by spirometry. RESULTS Logistic quantile regression analyses revealed no significant associations except a negative relation between ratings of irritation and CRP. CONCLUSION The results suggest a down-regulation of CRP after short-term exposure to low levels of vapours of irritating chemicals. This response might be mediated by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and further studies are recommended in order to refute or confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ernstgård
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sjögren
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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刘 丽, 韩 凯, 王 琦, 高 琰, 王 晶, 曾 抗. [Acute and chronic toxicity of 0.5% podophyllotoxin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers to vaginal mucosa in rabbits and rats]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2018; 38:1527-1532. [PMID: 30613025 PMCID: PMC6744213 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the acute and chronic toxicity of topical application of 0.5% podophyllotoxin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (POD-NLC) to the vaginal mucosa. METHODS Twelve New Zealand rabbits were randomized into 3 groups and subjected to daily topical applications of normal saline (control group), 0.5% podophyllotoxin tincture (POD-T) or 0.5% POD-NLC on the vaginal mucosa for 10 consecutive days, and the pathological changes in the mucosa were graded using the Eckstein scoring system.The acute toxicity of POD-NLC was tested in 20 SD female rats, which received intravaginal administration of POD-NLC or vehicle for 3 times within 24 h; After 14 days of continuous observation, the rats were dissected for calculating the viscera coefficient.For testing the chronic toxicity of POD-NLC, 80 SD female rats were randomized into 4 groups and subjected to daily intravaginal administration of the vehicle or POD-NLC at low, moderate or high doses for 13 consecutive weeks.The rats were weighed once a week and at the end of the experiment, 2/3 of the rats from each group were sacrificed to collect blood samples, calculate the viscera coefficient, and examine the pathological changes in the liver.The remaining 1/3 rats were observed for another 2 weeks without further drug treatment and the same examinations were performed. RESULTS In the rabbits, 0.5% POD-NLC elicited only mild irritation while POD-T caused moderate irritation of the vaginal mucosa.In the acute toxicity test, the organ coefficients were comparable between the rats treated with the vehicle and POD-NLC (P>0.05).Long-term intravaginal administration of POD-NLC did not produce significant changes in the behavior, activity, body weight, blood biochemical profiles or organ coefficient as compared with the vehicle control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intravaginal administration of 0.5% POD-NLC causes very mild irritation without obvious acute or chronic toxicity to the vaginal mucosa in rabbits and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 丽诗 刘
- />南方医科大学南方医院皮肤科,广东 广州 510515Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 凯 韩
- />南方医科大学南方医院皮肤科,广东 广州 510515Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 琦 王
- />南方医科大学南方医院皮肤科,广东 广州 510515Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 琰 高
- />南方医科大学南方医院皮肤科,广东 广州 510515Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晶莹 王
- />南方医科大学南方医院皮肤科,广东 广州 510515Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 抗 曾
- />南方医科大学南方医院皮肤科,广东 广州 510515Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Abstract
Background Ostomy barriers are adhesive devices designed to hold pouching systems to the abdomen and protect the peristomal skin from stoma effluent. The objective of this study was to determine differences in the extent of skin trauma resulting from serially applying and removing two types of ostomy barriers. Methods The study was a randomized, prospective, repeated measure trial involving healthy volunteers. The ostomy skin barriers were applied to the abdomen and changed every 3‐4 days over a 17‐day period. Skin observations (erythema, stripping, edge irritation and overall comparisons) were completed by a trained (blinded) observer. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements were completed by a separate (blinded) technician. TEWL was measured in a designated site and again in the most visually traumatized location at termination. Results Statistically significant differences were found between the two test devices in all assessments but visual observation of erythema. Highly significant differences in TEWL were found between the test products when measured at termination from the most visually traumatized sites. Conclusions The ostomy barrier with ceramide was significantly less disruptive to the epidermis than the ostomy barrier without ceramide. TEWL measurements were more sensitive to changes in the barrier function of the skin than visual observation of erythema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary Sibbald
- Toronto Regional (Dermatology) & Wound Healing Clinic, Mississauga, Ontario
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Du Q, Du SY, Li PY, Lu Y, Bai J, Teng HH, Wang Z, Zhang Q. [Effect of salvianolic acid B on nasal absorption in rats in situ]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2016; 41:303-8. [PMID: 28861977 DOI: 10.4268/cjcmm20160222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This experiment focused on the effect of salvianolic acid B's nasal absorption characteristics in rats. In the study, HPLC determination of salvianolic acid B(SalB) in perfusion liquid was established to examine the SalB nasal irritation in different pH buffers and stability in nasal perfusion solution, and systematically study in vivo nasal absorption characteristics of SalB. Improved rats were adopted to establish the in situ nasal perfusion model to measure the release of total protein and lactate dehydrogenase in perfusion fluid, quantitatively evaluate the nasal irritation and the stability in perfusion liquid of pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 SalB phosphate buffer, compare the absorption of SalB in pH 5.0 buffer solution with low, medium and high concentrations (200, 400, 800 mg•L⁻¹). According to the results, nasal irritation: pH 4.0>pH 5.0>pH 6.0, RSD of pH 6.0 SalB buffer solution within 24 h was 3.1%, stability was poor. PH 5.0 SalB buffer solution had a smaller irritation and good stability. According to the nose perfusion test in rats, the nasal absorption of SalB fitted the first-order process and could be considered as passive absorption based on concentration gradient. SalB buffer solution of pH 5.0 had also a small nasal irritation and good stability, with a good absorption in rat nasal perfusion test, which therefore had a certain significance for the development of SalB nasal formulation.
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