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Field NH, Choukas-Bradley S, Giletta M, Telzer EH, Cohen GL, Prinstein MJ. Why adolescents conform to high-status peers: Associations among conformity, identity alignment, and self-esteem. Child Dev 2024; 95:879-894. [PMID: 37966044 PMCID: PMC11023764 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether conformity to high- but not low-status e-confederates was associated with increases in identification with popular peers and subsequent increases in self-esteem. A sample of 250 adolescents (55.1% male; Mage = 12.70 years; 40.3% White, 28.2% Black, 23.4% Hispanic/Latino, and 7.7% multiracial/other) participated in a well-established experimental chat room paradigm where they were exposed to norms communicated by high- and low-status e-confederates. Results revealed that for boys in the high-status condition only, but not girls, the positive relation between conformity and self-esteem was mediated by greater response alignment with popular peers. These findings bolster prior research by suggesting that conformity to popular peers may be partly motivated by drives for self-esteem and alignment with a valued reference group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H. Field
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Sophia Choukas-Bradley
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Sennott Square, 3rd Floor 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva H. Telzer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Geoffrey L. Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Building 420, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mitchell J. Prinstein
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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2
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Alexander JM, Yesodharan R, Nayak MG. Peer influence and its impact on behavior among South Indian adolescents: A descriptive cross-sectional study. J Educ Health Promot 2024; 13:98. [PMID: 38726084 PMCID: PMC11081441 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_697_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer influence, the development of attitudes, and behavioral changes are some of the phenomenal changes that happen in adolescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken to find out the association between peer influence and behavior among 355 adolescents within the age group of 16 to 18 years, randomly chosen from Pre-university schools of Udupi district, Karnataka using the Peer Influence Scale (PIS) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULT The results indicate that their peers highly influenced 43.9% of the participants. Meanwhile, 23.1% and 7.9% of adolescents who participated in the survey showed borderline and abnormal behavior, respectively. The association between peer influence and behaviour was assessed using the Chi-square test; the results (χ2=14.545, P = 0.001) revealed that peers highly influence adolescent behavior and change adolescent conduct significantly. CONCLUSION Adolescents should be aware of the accepted and non-accepted behaviors in society and be wise in choosing the right peers who later influence their behavior. Parents need to check the conduct of their children and guide them in developing their identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha M. Alexander
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Renjulal Yesodharan
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Malathi G. Nayak
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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3
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Lee CT, Pramukti I, Ubeda Herrera JJ, Tsai MC. Investigating psychological distress and peer influence in the longitudinal path linking food insecurity to adolescent substance use: a nationwide low-income cohort study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:556-573. [PMID: 37772742 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2263681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Food insecurity (FI), defined as the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, remains a major life concern among many poor subpopulations. Few investigations have been made into the mechanism underlying its impact on adolescent substance use. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between FI and cigarette and alcohol use among economically disadvantaged adolescents and then explore the role of psychological distress and peer substance use in the aforementioned association. Data of 1,243 adolescents (Mage = 13.3 years; 645 males) were obtained from a nationwide cohort study on Taiwanese adolescents from low-income families. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses based on generalized linear mixed-effects models with binomial distribution found that FI was consistently associated with cigarette smoking (β = 0.458, p < 0.001) but not alcohol drinking (β = 0.142, p = 0.143) when both psychological distress and peer substance use were adjusted. In the moderated mediation analysis based on bootstrap methods, we observed that psychological distress mediated the association between food insecurity and alcohol drinking (β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.015-0.063) but not cigarette smoking (β = 0.018, 95% CI =-0.001-0.037). Furthermore, the indirect effects varied by peer drinking status (index of moderated mediation = 0.04, 95% CI 0.015-0.072). Clinical and public health attention should be given to evaluating food-insecure adolescents' psychological well-being and peer influence when counseling their substance use issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ting Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Iqbal Pramukti
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Josue Jaru Ubeda Herrera
- Institute of International Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Business Administration, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Tadros E, Jhuremalani A, McLeod B. The Effect of Peer Influence and Neighborhood Quality on Incarcerated Fathers' Attachment. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2024:306624X241234856. [PMID: 38419426 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x241234856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Commonly referred to as the "hidden victims" of incarceration, children with a parent who is intermittently or repeatedly incarcerated face various challenges that exacerbate behavioral and psychological development. Using a baseline adaptation of the Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting and Partnering (MFS-IP), we sought to clarify how peer influence and neighborhood quality can predict the extent of an incarcerated father's attachment to the focal child and partner. Results showed a negative association between negative peer influence and poor neighborhood quality. Conversely, incarcerated fathers' relationship with their biological mother and fathers produced a significant positive association. These findings propose that risk and protective factors can directly influence attachment levels with the focal child, as suggested by Social Control Theory. This article provides a basis for a more comprehensive understanding of clinical support that can be offered to children and families who bear the systemic societal mechanisms of incarceration.
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Pedramrazi S, Mohammadabadi A, Rooddehghan Z, Haghani S. Effectiveness of Peer-Based and Conventional Video Education in Reducing Perioperative Depression and Anxiety Among Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs 2024:S1089-9472(23)01067-5. [PMID: 38416103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with potential adverse effects on surgical outcomes. Effective interventions to reduce depression and anxiety in these patients are therefore warranted. This study investigated the effectiveness of peer-based video education compared to conventional video education in reducing perioperative depression and anxiety in CABG patients. DESIGN A three-arm, parallel, randomized, controlled trial design was employed. METHODS A total of 114 participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (n = 38 per group): standard education (control), conventional video education, and peer-based video education. State anxiety levels were measured using the Spielberger State Anxiety Questionnaire at 1 day before surgery (baseline), 1 hour before surgery, and 4 weeks after surgery. Depression levels were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory Short-Form at baseline and 4 weeks after surgery. Statistical analyses, including χ2, Fisher's exact test, one-way analysis of variance, and repeated-measures analysis of variance, were applied to analyze the collected data. FINDINGS Both peer-based and conventional video education groups demonstrated lower preoperative anxiety levels compared to the control group. However, only the peer-based video education group exhibited a statistically significant difference (P < .05). Four weeks after surgery, anxiety and depression levels decreased in all participants compared to baseline, with no statistically significant differences among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that peer-based video education is more effective in controlling preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing CABG than conventional video education and standard education. Moreover, video-based education, whether conventional or peer-based, appears to be as effective as standard education in reducing anxiety and depression 4 weeks after CABG surgery. Further research is warranted to investigate the influence of content and presentation methods on patient outcomes and explore the potential long-term benefits of video-based education in promoting patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Pedramrazi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadabadi
- Nursing Care Research Center, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Rooddehghan
- Nursing Care Research Center, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Haghani
- Nursing Care Research Center, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Meehan ZM, Hubbard JA, Moore CC, Mlawer F. Susceptibility to peer influence in adolescents: Associations between psychophysiology and behavior. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:69-81. [PMID: 36148857 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated in-the-moment links between adolescents' autonomic nervous system activity and susceptibility to three types of peer influence (indirect, direct, continuing) on two types of behavior (antisocial, prosocial). The sample included 144 racially ethnically diverse adolescents (46% male, 53% female, 1% other; M age = 16.02 years). We assessed susceptibility to peer influence behaviorally using the Public Goods Game (PGG) while measuring adolescents' mean heart rate (MHR) and pre-ejection period (PEP). Three key findings emerged from bivariate dual latent change score modeling: (1) adolescents whose MHR increased more as they transitioned from playing the PGG alone (pre-influence) to playing while simply observed by peers (indirect influence) displayed more prosocial behavior; (2) adolescents whose PEP activity increased more (greater PEP activity = shorter PEP latency) as they transitioned from indirect influence to being encouraged by peers to engage in antisocial behavior (direct influence) engaged in more antisocial behavior; and (3) adolescents whose PEP activity decreased less as they transitioned from direct influence on prosocial behavior to playing the PGG alone again (continuing influence) displayed more continuing prosocial behavior (marginal effect). The discussion focuses on the role of psychophysiology in understanding adolescents' susceptibility to peer influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Meehan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, 105 The Green, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE19716, USA
| | - Julie A Hubbard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, 105 The Green, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE19716, USA
| | - Christina C Moore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, 105 The Green, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE19716, USA
| | - Fanny Mlawer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, 105 The Green, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE19716, USA
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Cristello JV, Litt DM, Sutherland MT, Trucco EM. Subjective norms as a mediator between exposure to online alcohol and marijuana content and offline use among adolescents. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:111-121. [PMID: 36788285 PMCID: PMC10423745 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While adolescent substance use (SU) may be viewed as normative, SU can quickly escalate leading to consequences. Social media use may increase SU risk. Despite using social media to connect with others, adolescents also view depictions of glamorised SU by both peers and influential figures. Exposure to online alcohol and marijuana content may impact subjective norms (i.e., injunctive and descriptive) ultimately leading to increased offline SU. Data from a multi-wave project was collected to assess whether subjective norms-mediated associations between exposure to alcohol and marijuana content by peers and influential figures on Instagram and Snapchat and offline SU. METHODS At Wave 1, participants were 264 adolescents (Mage = 14.91, 51% female, 86% White, 85% Hispanic/Latino/a/x). RESULTS Injunctive norms significantly mediated associations between exposure to alcohol content posted by peers and influential figures on Instagram and Snapchat and offline alcohol use. Injunctive norms significantly mediated associations between exposure to marijuana content posted by peers and influential figures on Instagram, and peers on Snapchat and offline marijuana use. Descriptive norms significantly mediated associations between exposure to alcohol content posted by peers on Instagram, as well as peers and influential figures on Snapchat and offline alcohol use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Increased exposure to online SU content was more consistently associated with injunctive norms rather than descriptive norms. Future research should examine which social media features (e.g., the like button) contribute to increased subjective norms. Overall, findings suggest that social media may strongly convey approval of SU behaviours rather than actual use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie V. Cristello
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Dana M. Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Matthew T. Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Elisa M. Trucco
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Zhu D, Tian X, Li R. Mark his motives: A motivational attribution perspective on observer responses to peer helping behaviors. Work 2024; 77:601-614. [PMID: 37718830 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutual help among members is critical to the accomplishment of complex tasks in an organization. Helping behaviors are infectious, and employees learn to imitate their coworkers' helping behaviors through observation. However, whether coworker helping triggers imitation learning depends on observers' motivational attributions for coworker helping behaviors to some extent. OBJECTIVE Based on attribution theory and approach-avoidance framework, this research explored the approach and avoidance-oriented emotional and behavioral consequences of observers' prosocial and impression management motivational attributions of coworker helping behavior. METHODS An experimental study with 178 participants and a field study with 259 employees was conducted. RESULTS The results revealed that observers attribute coworkers' helpfulness to prosocial motivation, which elicited observers' approach-oriented emotions (i.e., positive empathy) and behaviors (i.e., helping behavior) and reduced coworker exclusion, while impression-management motivation elicited observers' avoidance-oriented emotions (i.e., disgust) and behaviors (i.e., coworker exclusion) and reduced helping behavior. CONCLUSION The results suggest that prosocial motivational attributions and impression management motivational attributions are key factors in determining whether observers have approach- or avoidance-oriented emotions and behaviors toward coworker helping. Accordingly, individual employees and managers should focus on employees' motivation to help others in order to promote mutual support and harmony in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- School of Business, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Business, Quzhou University, Quzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Tian
- School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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9
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Torrejón-Guirado MC, Baena-Jiménez MÁ, Lima-Serrano M, de Vries H, Mercken L. The influence of peer's social networks on adolescent's cannabis use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1306439. [PMID: 38188050 PMCID: PMC10768034 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1306439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim A systematic review was performed to summarize the key findings of the peer influence on cannabis use through Social Network Analysis (SNA) studies and identify limitations and gaps with the purpose of informing future research and practice. Longitudinal studies were included since they provide robust information about social relationships change over time. Background Adolescents' cannabis use is a global problem, which has awakened an interest in its determinants such as social influences. Research has shown the importance of these influences on cannabis uptake and use. SNA is an useful relational approach to examine socialization mechanisms related to the onset of cannabis use in adolescents. Method A search was conducted in PyscINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for longitudinal articles published until February 2023, to examine cannabis use and peer's social networks. We focus on peers' influence of peers on cannabis use. Additionally, information about effect of cannabis use for peer selection was collected. Results The results of the included studies (n = 8) showed that friends' cannabis use was most often/strongly associated with cannabis use. There was also an increase of cannabis use when the adolescent did not feel close to the school's peers, had a higher proportion of friendships relative to the total number of ties in the neighborhood, had a central position, did not belong to any group but had ties to members of two or more groups, had cannabis user friends (especially in early ages), and lived in a neighborhood where cannabis was used. Conclusion Cannabis use is mainly related to friends' use. Yet, future studies are warranted to control for relevant selection effects to further knowledge on network effects on cannabis use, improving the design, and improving the modeling of the network. This systematic review may inform about the critical aspects of preventing cannabis use among adolescents, taking into consideration their complex social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Carmen Torrejón-Guirado
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Marta Lima-Serrano
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Mercken
- Department of Health Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Zhao X, Arnison T, Knobel P. Protective health behaviors and fear of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a public opinion perspective. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2953-2963. [PMID: 36329672 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2141279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When coronavirus disease (COVID-19) news along with protective health recommendations first came to people's life, such ambiguous information became a public opinion. Performing protective behaviors can be regarded as an approval of the majority opinion as people have to alter their established health positions and practices. So far, the association between public opinion and protective health behaviors is unclear especially in the pandemic context. This study utilized a survey data collected between 1 and 10 April 2020 in Germany (n = 101), Austria (n = 261), Switzerland (n = 26), and China (n = 267). We compared the protective health behaviors between the Chinese and European participants, as well as examined the associations between the protective health behaviors, peer influence, and fear of social isolation. Protective health behaviors were found similar between Chinese and European participants, although being independent from peer influence and fear of social isolation were related to protective health behaviors in the Chinese sample. Our cross-national findings are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that both official and unofficial health communication show stronger influences in Asian populations. Findings from this study provide advice for public communication strategies to promote protective health behaviors during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Tor Arnison
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Phil Knobel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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11
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Pitman A, Lowther M, Pike A, Davies J, de Cates A, Buckman JEJ, Robinson O. The influence of peer non-suicidal self-harm on young adults' urges to self-harm: experimental study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38012834 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that exposure to peer self-harm induces adolescents' urges to self-harm and that this is influenced by individual suggestibility. METHODS We recruited 97 UK-based adults aged 18-25 years with a recent history of self-harm, measuring baseline suggestibility (Resistance to Peer Influence; RPI) and perceived ability to control urges to self-harm (using an adapted item from the Self-Efficacy to Resist Suicidal Action scale; SEASA) before and after two self-harm vignettes featuring named peers from the participant's social network (to simulate exposure to peer non-suicidal self-harm) and after a wash-out exposure. We used paired t-tests to compare mean SEASA scores pre- and post-exposure, and linear regression to test for an association between RPI and change in SEASA scores pre- and post-exposure. RESULTS Perceived ability to control urges to self-harm was significantly reduced following exposure to peer self-harm (t(96) = 4.02, p < 0.001, mean difference = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.91), but was not significantly different from baseline after exposure to a wash-out. We found no association between suggestibility and change in urges to self-harm after exposure to peer self-harm. CONCLUSION Our findings support social influences on self-harm in a sample of young adults, regardless of their individual degree of suggestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Pike
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, UK
- Department of Psychology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jessica Davies
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
- St Andrew's Healthcare, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Applied Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angharad de Cates
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Littlemore Mental Health Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshua E J Buckman
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Osiesi MP, Sanni KT, Blignaut S, Adeniran SA, Dikko BO, Fajobi OO, Adekoya AF, Udemba EC, Adegboyega SM. Psychosocial factors as predictors of aggressive behaviors among primary school learners. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:602-615. [PMID: 37393594 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated psychosocial factors as predictors of aggressive behaviors among primary school learners in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study used a survey research design. All public primary school learners in Ekiti State formed the target population. A sample size of one thousand three hundred and fifty (1350) respondents was selected using a multistage sampling procedure, consisting of 641 males (47.5%) and 709 females (52.5%), ages 9-13 years, who participated in the study. A self-report instrument tagged "Learners' Aggressive Behaviours Questionnaire" (α indexes of .81, .70, .77, and .84 for the four components respectively) was used for data collection. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis at a 5% level of significance. The empirical findings revealed that parenting styles, peer influence, and self-control significantly predicted learners' aggressive behavior. Recommendations for curbing aggressive behavior among learners were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mensah P Osiesi
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Kamorudeen T Sanni
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Sylvan Blignaut
- Postgraduate Studies Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Sunday A Adeniran
- Department of Science Education, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Basirat O Dikko
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olutoyin O Fajobi
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adebolu F Adekoya
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Esther C Udemba
- Department of Educational Management and Business Studies, Faculty of Education, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Sikeade M Adegboyega
- Department of Science Education, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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13
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Erratum: Understanding the role of peer pressure on engineering students' learning behavior: a TPB perspective. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1297534. [PMID: 37829091 PMCID: PMC10565651 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1297534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1069384.].
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14
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Wu SJ, Cai X. Adding Up Peer Beliefs: Experimental and Field Evidence on the Effect of Peer Influence on Math Performance. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:851-862. [PMID: 37428464 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231180881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied how gendered beliefs about intellectual abilities transmit through peers and differentially impact girls' academic performance relative to boys'. Study 1 (N = 8,029; 208 classrooms) exploited randomly assigned variation in the proportion of a child's middle school classmates who believe that boys are innately better than girls at learning math. An increase in exposure to peers who report this belief generated losses for girls and gains for boys in math performance. This peer exposure also increased children's likelihood of believing the gender-math stereotype, increased the perceived difficulty of math, and reduced aspirations among girls. Study 2 (N = 547) provided proof of concept that activating a gender-math performance gap among college students reduces women's math performance but not verbal performance. Men's task performance was not affected. Our findings highlight how the prevalence of stereotypical beliefs in one's ambient and peer environment, even when readily contradictable, can shape children's beliefs and academic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Jueyu Wu
- Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Xiqian Cai
- Institute of Economics, School of Economics and Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University
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15
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Tu P, Smith D, Parker T, Pejavara K, Michener JL, Lin C. Parent-Child Vaccination Concordance and Its Relationship to Child Age, Parent Age and Education, and Perceived Social Norms. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1210. [PMID: 37515026 PMCID: PMC10384156 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers established that parental vaccination status often predicts that of their children, but a limited number of studies have examined factors influencing dyadic concordance or discordance (i.e., same or different vaccination status or intent for both members). We investigated how child versus parent age as well as parents' perceptions of their respective friends' immunization behavior impacted un/vaccinated parents' decisions regarding vaccinating their child. An online survey obtained the COVID-19 vaccination status and views of 762 parents of 5-17-year-old children. More than three-quarters of all dyads were concordant; 24.1% of vaccinated parents would not vaccinate their child, with greater hesitancy for younger children and among younger or less educated parents. Children of vaccinated parents and of parents who thought most of their child's friends were vaccinated were 4.7 and 1.9 times, respectively, more likely to be vaccinated; unvaccinated parents were 3.2 times more likely to accept the vaccine for their child if they believed most of their friends would vaccinate their children. Further, parents who reported that most of their friends were vaccinated were 1.9 times more likely to have obtained the vaccine themselves, illustrating the influence of social norms. Regardless of their own vaccination status, parents of unvaccinated children were more likely to be politically conservative. If communities or circles of friends could achieve or convey a vaccinated norm, this might persuade undecided or reluctant parents to vaccinate their children. Future research should examine the effects of community behavior and messages highlighting social norms on pediatric vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pikuei Tu
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Danielle Smith
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Taylor Parker
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kartik Pejavara
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - J Lloyd Michener
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Cheryl Lin
- Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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DeLay D, Shen M, Cook RE, Zhao S, Logis H, French DC. Peers influence the tobacco and alcohol use of Chinese adolescents. J Res Adolesc 2023; 33:591-602. [PMID: 36625141 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This two-wave longitudinal study examined peer selection and influence pertaining to tobacco and alcohol use by adolescents and their friends in a sample of 854 Chinese adolescents (384 girls: mean age = 13.33 years). Participants nominated friends and self-reported their tobacco and alcohol use at seventh and again at eighth grade. Longitudinal social network analyses revealed evidence of friend influence but not selection over smoking and drinking. Boys increased their levels of smoking at rates greater than that of girls, but no sex moderation of either selection or influence was found. In interpreting these results, it is important to understand the gender norms for Chinese boys and girls and the cultural context of tobacco and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn DeLay
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Rachel E Cook
- California State University, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | | | - Handrea Logis
- National Institute for Excellence in Teaching, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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17
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Dai J, Kwon SJ, Prinstein MJ, Telzer EH, Lindquist KA. Neural similarity in nucleus accumbens during decision-making for the self and a best friend: Links to adolescents' self-reported susceptibility to peer influence and risk taking. Hum Brain Mapp 2023. [PMID: 37227026 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is marked by increased peer influence on risk taking; however, recent literature suggests enormous individual variation in peer influence susceptibility to risk-taking behaviors. The current study uses representation similarity analysis to test whether neural similarity between decision-making for self and peers (i.e., best friends) in a risky context is associated with individual differences in self-reported peer influence susceptibility and risky behaviors in adolescents. Adolescent participants (N = 166, Mage = 12.89) completed a neuroimaging task in which they made risky decisions to receive rewards for themselves, their best friend, and their parents. Adolescent participants self-reported peer influence susceptibility and engagement in risk-taking behaviors. We found that adolescents with greater similarity in nucleus accumbens (NACC) response patterns between the self and their best friend reported greater susceptibility to peer influence and increased risk-taking behaviors. However, neural similarity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was not significantly associated with adolescents' peer influence susceptibility and risk-taking behaviors. Further, when examining neural similarity between adolescents' self and their parent in the NACC and vmPFC, we did not find links to peer influence susceptibility and risk-taking behaviors. Together, our results suggest that greater similarity for self and friend in the NACC is associated with individual differences in adolescents' peer influence susceptibility and risk-taking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Dai
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seh-Joo Kwon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Kang Y, Yang IS. Korean nurses' energy drink consumption and associated factors. Nurs Health Sci 2023. [PMID: 37055927 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the energy drink consumption pattern of Korean nurses and related factors. A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized, and data were collected through a self-reporting questionnaire. Participants were Korean nurses working in hospitals. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and binomial logistic regression test. A total of 388 nurses participated in the study. Approximately two-thirds of the nurses consumed energy drinks in addition to caffeinated coffee and/or tea. They usually consumed energy drinks during working hours and at the workplace. In comparison with nonconsumers, nurses who consumed energy drinks perceived that they had a stimulating effect and could replace regular drinks. Having colleagues who consume energy drinks and perceiving that energy drinks had an arousal effect were shown to be associated factors for energy drink consumption; thus, it is necessary to develop educational strategies targeting these groups of nurses. The reasons for the dependence of hospital nurses on energy drinks should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younhee Kang
- College of Nursing, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Suk Yang
- Department of Nursing, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Macniven R, McKay CD, Graham S, Gubhaju L, Williams R, Williamson A, Joshy G, Evans JR, Roseby R, Porykali B, Yashadhana A, Ivers R, Eades S. Social and Behavioural Correlates of High Physical Activity Levels among Aboriginal Adolescent Participants of the Next Generation: Youth Wellbeing Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3738. [PMID: 36834433 PMCID: PMC9962528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity typically decreases during teenage years and has been identified as a health priority by Aboriginal adolescents. We examined associations between physical activity levels and sociodemographic, movement and health variables in the Aboriginal led 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being (NextGen) Study' of Aboriginal people aged 10-24 years from Central Australia, Western Australia and New South Wales. Baseline survey data collected by Aboriginal researchers and Aboriginal youth peer recruiters from 2018 to 2020 examined demographics and health-related behaviours. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for engaging in high levels of physical activity in the past week (3-7 days; 0-2 days (ref), or 'don't remember') associated with demographic and behavioural factors. Of 1170 adolescents, 524 (41.9%) had high levels of physical activity; 455 (36.4%) had low levels; 191 (15.3%) did not remember. Factors independently associated with higher odds of physical activity 3-7 days/week were low weekday recreational screen time [55.3% vs. 44.0%, OR 1.79 (1.16-2.76)], having non-smoking friends [50.4% vs. 25.0%, OR 2.27 (1.03-5.00)] and having fewer friends that drink alcohol [48.1% vs. 35.2%, OR 2.08 (1.05-4.14)]. Lower odds of high physical activity were independently associated with being female [40.2% vs. 50.9%, OR 0.57 (0.40-0.80)] and some findings differed by sex. The NextGen study provides evidence to inform the co-design and implementation of strategies to increase Aboriginal adolescent physical activity such as focusing on peer influences and co-occurring behaviours such as screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Macniven
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher D. McKay
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lina Gubhaju
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn Williams
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Anna Williamson
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Grace Joshy
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - John Robert Evans
- Moondani Toombadool Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Robert Roseby
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Monash Children’s Hospital, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bobby Porykali
- Guuna-Maana (Heal) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program, The George Institute for Global Heath, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Aryati Yashadhana
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ivers
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sandra Eades
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Herzig KA, Stewart CE, Treadwell KRH. Why worry with friends? Problem talk and anxiety in late adolescent friendships. J Adolesc 2023; 95:382-396. [PMID: 36372961 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated a theoretically derived peer conversation style, problem anxiety talk, to examine the emotional regulation of anxiety in dyads as a possible mechanism of anxiety contagion that occurs between adolescent friends. METHODS In Study 1, 376 late adolescents residing in the United States, ages 17-24 with 68% female, responded to measures of anxiety, worry, friendship quality, depression, co-rumination, and a new measure of problem anxiety talk. In Study 2 problem anxiety talk, stress, anxiety and depression were evaluated in 481 late adolescents, ages 17-24 with 64% female. RESULTS Once controlling for worry and co-rumination, problem anxiety talk with a close friend predicted anxiety, stress and depression for both samples of late adolescents. Factor analysis in each sample supported problem anxiety talk as a single factor with high internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that problem anxiety talk is a distinct construct representing interpersonal disclosures between friends involving threat perception, likelihood of negative events, and lack of coping skills; results also indicate that problem anxiety talk is associated with anxiety, stress, worry, and depression. Implications of problem anxiety talk in its potential role in the etiology and spread of anxiety are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Herzig
- Yale Mental Health and Counseling, Yale Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Catherine E Stewart
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberli R H Treadwell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Strowger M, Braitman AL. Using social network methodology to examine the effects of exposure to alcohol-related social media content on alcohol use: A critical review. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:280-293. [PMID: 35357872 PMCID: PMC10107381 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Peer social influence is a robust predictor of problematic drinking among young adults and adolescents; it is typically assessed by collecting nonspecific social network information (i.e., behaviors of peers globally) or specific social network information (i.e., behaviors of named friends). Socialization happens both in-person and online through social media. Exposure to alcohol-related social media content is consistently related to alcohol consumption in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies alike. Previous research has often not focused on who specifically is sharing the alcohol-related social media content with most examining effects of exposure to content posted by nonspecific network members (e.g., peers, friends) and individual alcohol consumption. The purpose of the current critical review is to describe how exposure to alcohol-related social media content is commonly measured and how including a specific social network assessment may explain more variance in alcohol use. The review found inconsistencies in the reference groups used when assessing frequency of exposure and found that specific modalities of content exposure were often not assessed. Of the 30 published studies reviewed, 15 used cross-sectional designs, which is regrettable considering that the composition of adolescent and young adult peer groups have been found to change over time possibly affecting the content viewed. Understanding factors which affect the relationship between exposure to alcohol-related social media content and individual alcohol use has implications for tailoring drinking interventions to address the unique social influence of social media content. Gaps in the literature are summarized and future directions for research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abby L. Braitman
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
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22
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Xu L, Zhang J, Ding Y, Zheng J, Sun G, Zhang W, Philbin SP. Understanding the role of peer pressure on engineering students' learning behavior: A TPB perspective. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1069384. [PMID: 36684981 PMCID: PMC9852900 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1069384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the advent of the digital age, the gradually increasing demands of the engineering job market make it inevitable that engineering students face the pressures that arise from academic life with their peers. To address this issue, this study aims to explore the influence of engineering students' peer pressure on learning behavior based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods In addition to attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls inherent in TPB, two new dimensions-gender difference and peer academic ability-were incorporated to construct a framework of the dimensions of peer pressure as affecting engineering students as well as an expanded model of TPB. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 160 college engineering students and a structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Results The result showed that positive peer pressure can increase engineering students' learning intention and thus promote learning behavior. It was also determined that the TPB model can effectively explain the effect of peer pressure on learning behavior, in addition to expanding and reshaping the relationship between the attitudinal dimension in the TPB model. Discussion From the results, it is clear that positive attitudes toward learning can trigger positive peer pressure. Good group norms can induce peer pressure through rewards and punishments as a way to motivate students' learning intention and learning behaviors. When peer pressure is perceived, students mobilize positive emotions toward learning. Meanwhile, both male and female engineering students are also significantly motivated by high peer achievement, and high-performing female students motivate their male peers, which leads to higher graduation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Foreign Languages, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiying Ding
- School of Foreign Languages, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junwei Zheng
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Gangzhu Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of China's Science Technology and Education Policy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Simon P. Philbin
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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Grilo SA, Santelli JS, Nathanson C, Catallozzi M, Abraido-Lanza AF, Adelman S, Hernández D. Psychosocial outcomes and peer influences among multiracial adolescents in the United States. Front Public Health 2023; 11:852268. [PMID: 36923049 PMCID: PMC10008866 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.852268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine racial and ethnic self-identification among adolescents and explore psychosocial outcomes and peer treatment for multiracial adolescents in the United States. Methods Data are from the 2014 Child Development Supplement, a subsample of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Data were weighted to be nationally representative. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the population and to explore family and parent demographics. Multivariable regressions tested for differences in psychosocial outcomes and peer treatment and group behaviors for multiracial youth in comparison to their single race peers. Results Black multiracial youth had significantly lower scores on the children's depression index compared to single race Black youth, and White multiracial youth reported significantly higher rates of peer mistreatment in comparison to White single race youth. Black multiracial and White multiracial adolescents reported similar positive and negative peer group behaviors. Conclusions Complex patterns emerge when examining the psychosocial and peer treatment variables presented in this analysis for multiracial adolescents and their single-race peers. The findings regarding depressive symptoms and peer bullying point to signs of different relationships between multiracial groups. White multiracial adolescents report worse outcomes than their White single-race peers, but Black multiracial adolescents reporting better outcomes than their Black single-race peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Grilo
- Mailman School of Public Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - John S Santelli
- Mailman School of Public Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Constance Nathanson
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Marina Catallozzi
- Mailman School of Public Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Ana F Abraido-Lanza
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Adelman
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Diana Hernández
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
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24
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Kaniušonytė G, Žukauskienė R, Bakaitytė A, Laursen B. Perceived maternal disapproval of friends: How mothers shape and respond to child and friend adjustment problems. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1015506. [PMID: 36591074 PMCID: PMC9800894 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examines relations between adjustment problems and perceptions of maternal disapproval of friends in a sample of Lithuanian public middle-school students. The participants (ages 10 to 14) were 284 children (148 boys, 136 girls) who were involved in 142 stable friendships. Each friend described their own conduct problems, emotional problems, and perceptions of maternal disapproval of friends twice during the same academic year (M = 14.4 weeks apart). Dyadic analyses replicated previous findings in that one friend's conduct and emotional problems forecast changes in the same problems in the other friend. Greater initial problems also anticipated increases in children's' perceptions of disapproval of friends by their own-but not their friend's-mother, highlighting maternal efforts to manage the relations of troubled children. These efforts met with mix success. On the one hand, maternal disapproval of friends did not result in subsequent declines in adjustment problems among their own children; to the contrary, the conduct problems of boys increased with greater maternal involvement. On the other hand, adjustment problems declined among children whose friends reported higher levels of maternal disapproval, suggesting that maternal friendship management may interfere with the spread of problems between children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goda Kaniušonytė
- Department of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania,*Correspondence: Goda Kaniušonytė,
| | - Rita Žukauskienė
- Department of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aistė Bakaitytė
- Department of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Brett Laursen
- Department of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania,Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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25
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Xu G, Xu Y, Tu X, Hao S, Liu T. The Association between Self-Rated Health and Health Self-Management Ability of Healthcare Undergraduates: The Chain Mediating Roles of eHealth Literacy and Resistance to Peer Influence. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14501. [PMID: 36361377 PMCID: PMC9656272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Health self-management is important for healthcare undergraduates who are at the late adolescent or early adulthood stage, and will play an important part in health promotion for the general population. Previous research has shown that perceived health status affects health self-management. However, few studies have uncovered the mechanism between self-rated health and health self-management among healthcare undergraduates. Based on social ecology theory and Pender's health promotion model, this study aimed to explore the associations between health self-management ability, self-rated health, eHealth literacy and resistance to peer influence of healthcare undergraduates, with a focus on identifying the mediating effects of eHealth literacy and resistance to peer influence. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 515 healthcare undergraduates in Eastern China between July and September 2021. Serial mediation analysis was performed using Haye's Model 6 PROCESS macro to examine the mediating effects. The study found that health self-management ability was significantly and positively correlated with eHealth literacy, resistance to peer influence and self-rated health. Self-rated health had a direct and positive predictive effect on health self-management, with a direct effect value of 0.654. eHealth literacy and resistance to peer influence played both an independent mediating and a chain-mediating role in the mechanism of self-rated health affecting health self-management among healthcare undergraduates, with indirect effect values of 0.085, 0.101, and 0.013, respectively. The results suggest that eHealth literacy and resistance to peer influence could be intervention targets in programs for improving these students' health self-management ability.
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26
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Strowger M, Braitman AL, Barnett NP. The association between social network members sharing alcohol-related social media content and alcohol outcomes among college student drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1592-1602. [PMID: 35778778 PMCID: PMC9427690 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College-aged young adults (e.g., 18 to 29-year-olds) use social media more than any other age group. An emerging body of literature shows that higher exposure to alcohol-related social media content is associated with greater alcohol consumption among college students. However, most studies assess exposure to peer drinking on social media using global measures, rather than measuring the exposure to alcohol-related posts of identified specific close peers. We examined whether having a higher proportion of important peers (i.e., social network members) who post alcohol-related social media content is associated with greater alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. We also investigated the extent to which the qualities of network members who share alcohol-related content are associated with participants' alcohol outcomes. METHODS Participants were 130 college students (86.2% female, 56.9% White) with an average age of 23.39 years (SD = 5.63) who had consumed at least one alcoholic drink in the past week. Participants completed measures of their social media use, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related consequences, and characteristics of important peers in their social network, including their alcohol-related social media posting. RESULTS Having a higher proportion of social network members who post alcohol-related social media content was positively related to participants' drinks per week and peak number of drinks. Higher network proportions of drinking buddies posting alcohol-related content were also associated with a greater frequency of alcohol use. Having a higher proportion of friends who post alcohol content and from whom the participants seek advice was linked to more alcohol-related consequences. CONCLUSIONS Having more important peers who post alcohol-related content on social media is associated with alcohol outcomes among college students. Harm-reduction focused alcohol interventions delivered on college campuses that incorporate information about the influence of viewing and sharing alcohol-related content could help to reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences among students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abby L. Braitman
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
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Ye Y, Jiang P, Zhang W. The Neural and Psychological Processes of Peer-Influenced Online Donation Decision: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:899233. [PMID: 35668975 PMCID: PMC9165720 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.899233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT), social media-based donation platforms emerged.1 These platforms innovatively demonstrate peer information (e.g., number of donated peers) on the donation page, which inevitably brings the peer influence into donors’ donation decision process. However, how the peer influence will affect the psychological process of donation decisions are remained unknown. This study used the number of donated peers to examine the effects of peer influence on donors’ donation decisions and extracted event-related potential (ERP) from electroencephalographic data to explore the underlying psychological process. The behavioral results indicated that the number of donated peers positively influenced donors’ willingness to donate. The ERP results suggested that a larger number of donated peers might indicate a higher level of conformity and greater perceived emotional rewards, as a larger P2 amplitude was observed. Following the early processing of emotional stimuli, cognitive detection of decisional risk took place, and the donors reckoned a smaller number of donated peers as a high potential risk, which was reflected by a larger N2 amplitude. In the later stage, the larger number of donated peers, which represented a higher magnitude of prospective emotional rewards, led to a higher incentive to donate, and reflected in a larger amplitude of P3. Additionally, implications and future directions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ye
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Pengtao Jiang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.,Business School, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Wuke Zhang
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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28
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Ge L. To Buy or Not to Buy? A Research on the Relationship Between Traceable Food Extrinsic Cues and Consumers' Purchase Intention. Front Psychol 2022; 13:873941. [PMID: 35548541 PMCID: PMC9083354 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the prevalence of traceability technology in the turbulent Internet age, traceable food has become an important tool in addressing food safety issues. Under the combined effect of frequent food safety problems and sustainable development of traceability industry, the research on traceable food consumer behavior has become more extensive. However, it is still not fully understood how the multiple information brought by traceability affects consumers' purchase decision. This study proposes the effects of traceability knowledge, traceable information quality and traceable certification credibility on traceable food purchase intention via the mediation of perceived risk and perceived value, and integrates the moderating effect of peer influence in the context of Internet age into a research framework. The analytical results indicate that traceability knowledge, traceable information quality, and traceability certification credibility indirectly affect consumers' traceable food purchase intention through perceived risk and perceived value, while traceability knowledge, perceived risk, and perceived value directly affect "traceable food purchase intention." Furthermore, peer influence was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between perceived risk (perceived value) and "traceable food purchase intention." Finally, based on the research results, traceability companies are suggested to focus on cultivating the traceable consumption habits. Meanwhile, although traceable food quality is the top priority, companies should also attach importance to the communication and interaction with consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ge
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, China
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29
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Duell N, Clayton MG, Telzer EH, Prinstein MJ. Measuring peer influence susceptibility to alcohol use: Convergent and predictive validity of a new analogue assessment. Int J Behav Dev 2022; 46:190-199. [PMID: 35782532 PMCID: PMC9246296 DOI: 10.1177/0165025420965729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on peer socialization rarely examines individual differences in adolescents' susceptibility to peer influence, perhaps because few theories or methods have elucidated how susceptibility is operationalized. This study offers a new analogue measure of peer influence susceptibility in adolescence that is adapted from sociological theory. A preliminary examination of this new paradigm included the study of individual differences in susceptibility to peer influence, convergent validity correlates, and predictive validity by examining decision-making on the task as a moderator of the prospective association between friends' and adolescents' engagement in one form of real-world risk taking. Participants included 714 adolescents (54% female; 46.1% White, 20.9% Black, 24.2% Hispanic/Latinx, 6.2% mixed race or other) aged 15-18 years (M=16.1). Participants completed the Peer Analogue Susceptibility Task, peer nominations, and self-report measures at Time 1, and repeated an assessment of their own alcohol use one year later. Participants' friends also reported their own alcohol use. Results indicated concurrent associations with peer influence susceptibility, rejection sensitivity, perceived importance of peer status, peer-nominated popularity, and self-reported resistance to peer influence. Furthermore, among adolescents demonstrating average and high levels of peer influence susceptibility on the task, greater perceived alcohol use among friends was associated with their own alcohol use one year later. Findings offer preliminary evidence for the convergent and predictive validity of a new approach to study peer influence susceptibility.
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30
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Farrell AD, Pittman S, O’Connor KE, Sullivan TN. Peer Factors as Mediators of Relations Between Exposure to Violence and Physical Aggression in Middle School Students in a Low-Income Urban Community. Psychol Violence 2022; 12:170-182. [PMID: 36845363 PMCID: PMC9957552 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Although prior research has demonstrated that peers influence both physical aggression and exposure to violence during adolescence, few studies have investigated the extent to which peers play a role in relations between physical aggression and violence exposure. This longitudinal study examined peer pressure for fighting, friends' delinquent behavior, and friends' support for fighting as mediators of relations between exposure to violence through witnessing and victimization, and adolescents' frequency of physical aggression. Method Participants were 2,707 adolescents attending three urban middle schools (Mage = 12.4; 52% female; 79% African American, 17% Hispanic/Latino). Participants completed measures of their frequency of physical aggression, witnessing community violence, victimization by violence, and negative life events, and peer variables at four waves within the same school year. Results Cross-lagged analyses indicated that the role of peer variables as mediators varied as a function of the type of exposure and the direction of effects. Whereas peer pressure for fighting mediated relations between witnessing violence and changes in physical aggression, friends' delinquent behavior mediated relations between physical aggression and changes in witnessing violence and victimization. In contrast, violent victimization was not associated with changes in any of the peer factors when included in the same model as witnessing violence. Conclusions These findings highlight the role of peers as both a cause and a consequence of adolescents' aggressive behavior and exposure to violence. They suggest focusing on peer variables as targets for interventions to disrupt connections between exposure to violence and physical aggression during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Pittman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth
University
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31
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Zhang S, Xiao T, He J. The Influence of a School Social Network Intervention on Adolescent's Health Behaviors: A Gender-Specific Agent-Based Model. Front Public Health 2022; 10:861743. [PMID: 35444977 PMCID: PMC9013940 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence is a crucial stage for health behavior development, which is associated with health in adulthood. School closures caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have exposed adolescents to an increased risk of obesity due to a lack of physical activity. Although social network interventions provide an effective approach for promoting health-related behavior, current practices neglect gender differences in adolescent behavioral patterns and emotional preferences. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of centrality-based methods integrated with of gender contexts in a social network intervention to improve adolescent's health behavior. Methods We developed an agent-based model (ABM) that supports the small-world characteristics of adolescent social networks. Health-related data for junior middle school students (n = 234, 48% girls) were collected in November 2018, 2019 and 2020 in Tianjin, China. We simulated multiple network-based interventions with different criteria for influential agents (i.e., betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, eigenvector centrality, and PageRank) and a random condition. The rules for generating peer influence and accelerating behavioral changes were based on the diffusion of innovations theory, with gender specifications. Results After the school closures, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents, with a greater increase in girls than in boys (+8.85% vs. +1.65%, p < 0.001). Simulations showed that centrality-based network interventions were more effective than the random condition (average 6.17% per tick vs. 5.22% per tick, p < 0.05), with a higher efficiency in girls than boys (average 3.68% vs. 2.99% per tick, p < 0.05). PageRank outperformed other centrality conditions at the population level (6.37% per tick, p < 0.05). In girls, betweenness centrality was the best method (3.85% per tick, p < 0.05), while in boys, PageRank still had the greatest efficiency (3.21% per tick, p < 0.05). Conclusions We found evidence for gender differences in the negative impact of COVID-19-related school closures and the potential for centrality-based social network interventions to affect adolescent health behavior. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of gender-specific targeting strategies to further promote health-related school programs in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyi Xiao
- School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie He
- School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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Wang C, Lizardo O, Hachen DS. Using Fitbit data to monitor the heart rate evolution patterns of college students. J Am Coll Health 2022; 70:875-882. [PMID: 32569509 PMCID: PMC7884020 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1775610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate what social, psychological, personality, and behavioral factors affect overtime heart rate changes of college students. Participants: The daily heart rates of over 600 undergraduates at the University of Notre Dame were unobtrusively recorded via Fitbit devices from August 16, 2015, to May 13, 2017. Method: Latent Growth-Curve modeling strategy is utilized to examine how daily mean heart rate and its standard deviation change over time, and what foregoing factors predict observed changes. Results: The mean heart rate increased and its standard deviation stayed the same over the 637 days. Heart rate levels go up with that of social contacts, an indicator of peer influence. Both daily heart rate levels and changes are also affected by multiple external factors. Conclusion: Human heart rate is not only a physiological phenomenon but also a social-psychological one, as it is systematically affected by peer networks, social contexts, and human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Sociology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Omar Lizardo
- Department of Sociology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David S. Hachen
- Department of Sociology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Abstract
Both adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and peer influences consistently predict early tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use. However, less research considers how peer and community influences contribute to or modify the association between ACEs and early substance use. This study addresses these gaps in the literature by analyzing multilevel, longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN; N = 1,912). Unstructured socializing and peer substance use largely explained the association between ACEs and drinking, smoking cigarettes, and illicit drug use in the past month. A history of ACEs magnified the association between peer substance use and the number of cigarettes smoked. Collective efficacy also shaped the associations between peer influences, ACEs, and substance use, but in different ways depending on the substance use outcome analyzed.
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34
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Joseph HL, Kuperminc GP. A brief report on peer influence in group mentoring: A source of peer contagion or prosocial behavior change? J Community Psychol 2022; 50:1224-1237. [PMID: 34874572 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Group mentoring programs foster supportive relationships and constructive feedback between mentors and peers. Given the power of peer influence to promote adaptive or harmful outcomes, it is important to evaluate peer influence in group mentoring. This study examined whether a history of negative behavior among peers in mentoring groups exacerbated individual participants' behavior problems. Using a sample of 239 ninth grade participants in a group mentoring program, multilevel regression assessed group-level influence on suspensions and truancy using school administrative data records. The association between exposure to peers with a history of problem behaviors and outcomes did not reach statistical significance for either outcome. The results suggest that grouping youth with a history of poor attendance and suspensions did not inherently increase the risk for either outcome. Further evaluation of potential peer contagion effects and publication of nonsignificant results will help build literature to determine the likelihood of harmful outcomes for group mentoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Joseph
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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35
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Leone RM, Haikalis M, Parrott DJ, Tharp AT. A laboratory study of the effects of men's acute alcohol intoxication, perceptions of women's intoxication, and masculine gender role stress on the perpetration of sexual aggression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:166-176. [PMID: 34825391 PMCID: PMC8799513 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research has established an association between alcohol use and sexual assault, few studies have examined how characteristics of the perpetrator may influence sexual aggression depending upon whether alcohol is consumed by the perpetrator and/or the victim. This laboratory-based investigation was designed to disentangle the effects of individual differences in masculine gender role stress (MGRS) and the perpetration of sexual aggression as a function of (1) men's acute alcohol intoxication and (2) whether a woman was consuming alcohol or not. METHOD A community sample of 156 men participated in two laboratory sessions, during which they completed a self-report measure of MGRS (Session 1) and a modified version of the sexual imposition paradigm after consuming an alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage (Session 2). In this paradigm, participants and a male friend were told that an ostensible female participant had consumed or not consumed alcohol. They were also told that she did not wish to view sexual content. Participants were then provided the opportunity to make the female confederate view a sexually or non-sexually explicit film. Sexual aggression was operationalized by selection of the sexually explicit film. RESULTS A hierarchical logistic regression showed that men higher in MGRS who were intoxicated were (1) more likely than sober men to select the sexually explicit film when the woman was intoxicated and (2) less likely than sober men to select the sexually explicit film when the woman was sober. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the perpetration of sexual aggression is most likely among men with higher MGRS when there is concordance in drinking (i.e., when either the man and woman are both drinking or are both not drinking).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruschelle M. Leone
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University,Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, School of Public Health, Georgia State University
| | - Michelle Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University
| | | | - Andra Teten Tharp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
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36
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Wang K, Wong ELY, Cheung AWL, Yau PSY, Chung VCH, Wong CHL, Dong D, Wong SYS, Yeoh EK. Influence of Vaccination Characteristics on COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Working-Age People in Hong Kong, China: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Front Public Health 2021; 9:793533. [PMID: 34957038 PMCID: PMC8702724 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.793533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Along with individual-level factors, vaccination-related characteristics are important in understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This study aimed to determine the influence of these characteristics on vaccine acceptance to formulate promotion strategies after considering differences among respondents with different characteristics. Methods: An online discrete choice experiment was conducted among people aged 18–64 years in Hong Kong, China, from 26 to 28 February 2021. Respondents were asked to make choices regarding hypothetical vaccination programmes described by vaccination-related characteristics—the attributes derived from a prior individual interview. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the differences in vaccination-related characteristics among respondents with different personal characteristics. Results: A total of 1,773 respondents provided valid responses. The vaccine efficacy and brand were the most important factors affecting acceptance, followed by the exemption of quarantine for vaccinated travelers, safety, venue for vaccination, vaccine uptake of people in their lives, and recommendations by general physicians or government. Frequent exposure to vaccination information on social media has been associated with increasing vaccine refusal. Substantial preference heterogeneity for the attributes was found among people of different ages, incomes, chronic conditions, and previous acceptance of influenza vaccines. Conclusion: The findings provided evidence to formulate interventions to promote vaccine uptake, including the provision of vaccination at housing estate or workplaces, involvement of general physicians and interpersonal communication in vaccine promotion and information dissemination, and exemption of quarantine for vaccinated people. Moreover, social media is a significant information channel that cannot be neglected in the dissemination of official information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailu Wang
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eliza Lai-Yi Wong
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Annie Wai-Ling Cheung
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Sen-Yung Yau
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Chi-Ho Chung
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlene Hoi-Lam Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eng-Kiong Yeoh
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Laursen B, Veenstra R. Toward understanding the functions of peer influence: A summary and synthesis of recent empirical research. J Res Adolesc 2021; 31:889-907. [PMID: 34820944 PMCID: PMC8630732 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence demonstrates that peer influence is a pervasive force during adolescence, one that shapes adaptive and maladaptive attitudes and behaviors. This literature review focuses on factors that make adolescence a period of special vulnerability to peer influence. Herein, we advance the Influence-Compatibility Model, which integrates converging views about early adolescence as a period of increased conformity with evidence that peer influence functions to increase affiliate similarity. Together, these developmental forces smooth the establishment of friendships and integration into the peer group, promote interpersonal and intragroup compatibility, and eliminate differences that might result in social exclusion.
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38
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Nenniger G, Hofmann V, Müller CM. Gender Differences in Peer Influence on Autistic Traits in Special Needs Schools-Evidence From Staff Reports. Front Psychol 2021; 12:718726. [PMID: 34803801 PMCID: PMC8599132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents with an intellectual disability (ID) and autistic traits often attend special needs schools where they are surrounded by peers with diverse characteristics. Given the role that peers can play in social development, we examined whether autistic traits development in students with ID and high levels of such characteristics are influenced by the level of autistic traits among the schoolmates they like most. Furthermore, we investigated the degree to which this peer influence susceptibility depends on students’ gender. A longitudinal design, with data collection points at the beginning and the end of a school year, was used. Staff reported on 330 students with high levels of autistic traits (20.6% girls; age 10.17 years, SD = 3.74) who attended 142 classrooms in 16 Swiss special needs schools. Results showed that students’ future individual level of autistic traits (T2) was not predicted by the autistic traits level of preferred peers (T1), controlling for individual autistic traits at T1, level of general functioning, gender, and age. However, the peer effect was significantly moderated by students’ gender, indicating that girls but not boys were susceptible to peer influence. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for understanding autistic traits development and directions of support for children and adolescents in their peer context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Nenniger
- Department of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Verena Hofmann
- Department of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Müller
- Department of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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39
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Graupensperger S, Lee CM, Larimer ME. Leveraging dynamic norms to reduce alcohol use among college students: A proof-of-concept experimental study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2370-2382. [PMID: 34846760 PMCID: PMC8642269 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norm-correcting interventions are an effective alcohol harm-reduction approach, but innovation is needed to increase modest effect sizes. Recent social psychology research shows that individuals may be influenced by social norms that are increasing in prevalence. Contrary to static norms that reflect the current state of normative behavior, dynamic norms reflect behavioral norms that are shifting over time. This proof-of-concept study tested the utility of dynamic norms messages within norm-correcting interventions. METHOD Undergraduate student drinkers (N = 461; Mage = 19.97; 64.43% female) were randomly assigned to receive (a) dynamic norms messages highlighting a steady decrease over the past six years in heavy drinking among college students; (b) static norms messaging stating only the current norms; or (c) a control condition without normative information. Proximal outcomes assessed immediately following the experimental paradigm included intentions for total weekly drinks and heavy episodic drinking. Self-reported information on alcohol use behavior was collected at 1-month follow-up. RESULTS Following the experimental paradigm, participants in the dynamic norms condition estimated that future drinking norms would decrease, while those in the static norms and control groups estimated that future drinking norms would increase. Participants in the dynamic norms condition reported lower intentions for weekly drinks and heavy episodic drinking than those in the static norms and control conditions. No significant differences between conditions were found on alcohol use indices reported at the 1-month follow-up. However, dynamic norms messaging had a favorable indirect effect on heavy episodic drinking intentions mediated through lower perceived future drinking norms. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide proof-of-concept that dynamic norms messaging may be a prudent strategy for reducing alcohol use intentions, which can be integrated into or used alongside existing norm-correcting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Graupensperger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Meng S, Yan W, Liu X, Gong Y, Tian S, Wu P, Sun Y, Shi J, Lu L, Yuan K, Xue Y. Social Interaction With Relapsed Partner Facilitates Cocaine Relapse in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750397. [PMID: 34671262 PMCID: PMC8520921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social factors strongly contribute to drug use and relapse, and epidemiological studies have found that members of peer groups influence each other to use drugs. However, previous animal models mostly failed to incorporate social factors and demonstrate the effects of social partners on drug addiction and relapse. In the present study, we investigated the transfer of relapse to cocaine seeking between drug-addicted partners in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-housed and subjected to training and extinction of cocaine self-administration and conditioned place preference (CPP). 24 h after extinction test, the targeted rats interacted with a cocaine-primed (relapsed) partner or stranger, or saline-injected (unrelapsed) partner for 30 min, after which the targeted rats were tested for drug seeking behavior. We found that social interaction with a relapsed partner increased drug seeking behavior in cocaine self-administration and CPP models in rats, while social interaction with an unrelapsed partner or relapsed stranger had no effect on cocaine seeking. Moreover, the effect of social interaction on cocaine seeking could last for at least 1 day. Our findings demonstrate a facilitation effect of relapsed social partners on drug relapse in rats and provide a novel animal model for social transfer of drug relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yimiao Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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Tattan‐Birch H, Brown J, Kock L, Shahab L. Moderators of the association between regular smoking exposure and motivation and attempts to quit: a repeat cross-sectional study. Addiction 2021; 116:2837-2846. [PMID: 33739568 PMCID: PMC8612132 DOI: 10.1111/add.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the associations between regular exposure to smoking by other people and motivation and attempts to quit among current smokers. To examine whether socio-demographic and other factors moderate these associations. DESIGN A repeat nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Data were collected monthly between November 2014 and February 2019. SETTING England. PARTICIPANTS Current smokers ≥16 years of age from the Smoking Toolkit Study (n = 15 136). MEASUREMENTS Participants were asked whether other people regularly smoke in their presence, how motivated they were to quit and whether they had made a quit attempt in the past year. Moderators assessed were occupation-based social grade, housing tenure, urges to smoke, high-risk alcohol consumption, and disability. Adjusted analyses included moderators, socio-demographic (age/sex/ethnicity/sexual orientation/marital status/children in household) and seasonal (quarter/year) confounders. FINDINGS Current smokers who were regularly exposed to other people smoking in their presence were less likely to be highly motivated to quit (OR = 0.88 [95% CI 0.80-0.97]), but were no less likely to have made a quit attempt in the past year (OR 1.04 [0.97-1.13], Bayes Factor (BF) = 0.05). The inverse relationship between regular smoking exposure and motivation to quit was moderated by urges to smoke, such that exposure was only associated with a reduction in motivation among those without strong urges to smoke (OR 0.83 [0.75-0.93] versus OR 1.04 [0.86-1.26]; P = 0.048). None of the other factors significantly moderated the association with motivation to quit, and none moderated the relationship between regular smoking exposure and quit attempts. All non-significant interactions, except social grade (BF = 1.44) with quit attempts, had Bayes Factors that supported the hypothesis of no moderation (BF range: 0.12-0.21). CONCLUSIONS Among current smokers in England, regular exposure to other smokers appears to be associated with lower motivation to quit in people without strong urges to smoke, yet there appears to be no association with quit attempts in the previous year. Social grade, housing tenure, high-risk alcohol consumption and disability do not moderate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Tattan‐Birch
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College London1‐19 Torrington PlaceLondonUK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College London1‐19 Torrington PlaceLondonUK
| | - Loren Kock
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College London1‐19 Torrington PlaceLondonUK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College London1‐19 Torrington PlaceLondonUK
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Latkin CA, Dayton L, Lee DI, Yi G, Uzzi M. Correlates of Levels of Willingness to Engage in Climate Change Actions in the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9204. [PMID: 34501794 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While the majority of the American public believe climate change is occurring and are worried, few are engaged in climate change action. In this study, we assessed factors associated with the level of willingness to engage in climate change actions using an online, longitudinal US study of adults. Climate change action outcomes included the level of willingness to post materials online, take political actions, talk with peers about climate change, and donate to or help an organization. Predictors included climate change attitudes, environmental attitudes, political ideology, political party affiliation, and demographic variables. Most (72%) of the 644 respondents only talked about climate change with peers a few times a year or less, though 65% were very or extremely worried about climate change. Many respondents indicated a willingness to do somewhat or a lot more, from 38% willing to talk to peers to 25% for willing to take political actions. In multinomial regression models, the Climate Change Concern scale was strongly and consistently associated with willingness to engage in climate change action. These findings indicate a need to both identify those who are willing to act and finding activities that fit with their interests and availability.
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Egger S. Susceptibility to Ingroup Influence in Adolescents With Intellectual Disability: A Minimal Group Experiment on Social Judgment Making. Front Psychol 2021; 12:671910. [PMID: 34512438 PMCID: PMC8423920 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) experience challenges and uncertainty when making judgments about other people's intentions. In an attempt to achieve certainty, they might exhibit judgment tendencies that differ from those of typically developing adolescents. This study investigated social judgment making in adolescents with ID (n = 34, M age = 14.89 years, SD = 1.41 years) compared with chronological age-matched adolescents without ID (n = 34, M age = 14.68 years, SD = 1.15 years) and mental age (MA)-matched children (n = 34, M age = 7.93 years, SD = 0.64 years). Participants used a computer-based task to judge the hostility of persons (fictitious characters). Adolescents with ID were found to make more polarizing judgments (i.e., either positive or negative, as opposed to moderate judgments) and were more likely to be guided by the opinions of a fictitious peer ingroup (minimal group) compared with adolescents without ID. No such differences were found between adolescents with ID and MA-matched children. The results are discussed in terms of scientific and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Egger
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Abstract
Personal values have a key role in determining people’s perceptions, judgments,
and behaviors. Only a handful of studies examined determinants of children’s
values outside the family. We used longitudinal data on children’s values from
15,008 children in Grades 3 to 9, and homeroom teachers’ reports about the
behaviors of 3,476 of these children. As predicted, peers’ values were
positively correlated with the strengthening of children’s corresponding values.
Moreover, with the exception of self-transcendence values, peer values had an
indirect effect on corresponding child behavior, through children’s
self-endorsed values. Girl peers had stronger effects on both girls’ and boys’
values. In addition, we found some evidence for stronger relationships between
peer and children’s values among the older children, in particular among boys.
These latter effects were even more prominent in an extended sample that
included data from first and second graders. We discuss the theoretical and
practical implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Benish-Weisman
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Israel
- Maya Benish-Weisman, Paul Baerwald School
of Social Work and Social Welfare The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount
Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel.
| | - Shaul Oreg
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Israel
| | - Yair Berson
- McMaster University, Canada
- Bar-Ilan University, Israel
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Norris AE, Thalasinos RD, Hecht ML. Multicultural Adaptation of Mighty Girls for Widespread Dissemination: Pilot Study, App Development and Usability Testing, and Gauging Parent Support With Focus Groups. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e24937. [PMID: 34076578 PMCID: PMC8209525 DOI: 10.2196/24937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taking evidence-based interventions to scale is a challenge for prevention science. Mighty Girls is an evidence-based sexual health intervention program that combines classroom sessions with novel, cutting-edge technology (digital puppetry). The program was developed for 7th grade Latinas, but US school and community demographics rarely allow interventions targeting a single ethnic group. Additionally, digital puppetry is costly to scale up, and parent disapproval often prevents successful dissemination of adolescent sexual health programs. Intervening steps along the scaling-up pathway are needed to adapt the program prior to scaling up for dissemination. Objective The aims of this study were to create a multicultural adaptation of the Mighty Girls program using a mobile app that is less costly to disseminate and is acceptable to parents of 7th grade girls. Methods This study used a three-phase process to adapt Mighty Girls into Mighty Teens. All phases used purposive (nonprobability) sampling of low-income, multicultural, urban metropolitan groups (7th grade girls and their parents) within central Florida. Phase 1 involved two videotaped implementations of a multicultural adaptation of the classroom sessions, one involving focus groups (N=14) and the other serving as a single-group pretest-posttest pilot study (N=23). Phase 2 involved development of a narrative cell phone app prototype, which was subjected to usability testing (N=25). App usability and engagement were assessed qualitatively (observation, focus group, open-ended questions) and quantitatively. Phase 3 used focus groups to assess parent support for the program (N=6). Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive content analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t tests. Results Qualitative findings supported classroom sessions being multicultural, and identified simple changes to improve engagement and learning. Quantitative findings from the second classroom session implementation pilot study indicated a significant pre-post difference in intention to delay sexual intercourse (P=.04). App usability and appeal were supported by a System Usability Scale score of 76 (exceeding 68 per the industry standard) and 83% (20/24) of participants agreeing they would recommend the app to friends. Parents (mothers) expressed only positive regard for program goals, and classroom session and app activities. Conclusions This study adapted Mighty Girls into an engaging, easier-to-disseminate, multicultural program, termed Mighty Teens, that uses a narrative-generating app to support behavior change, and is likely to be accepted by parents of 7th grade girls. This study also provides evidence of the preliminary effectiveness of Mighty Teens classroom sessions. The sampling method and sample size were appropriate for adaptation, but research involving a more representative US sample is needed to confirm multicultural fit, parent receptivity, and program effectiveness. Study implications include integrating app use throughout the classroom sessions to build narrative-generating skills across the program and increasing the number of narratives produced, which should in turn increase the program’s behavior change potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Norris
- REAL Prevention, LLC, Oviedo, FL, United States.,School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | | | - Michael L Hecht
- REAL Prevention, LLC, Clifton, NJ, United States.,Department of Communication Arts and Science, Penn State University, State College, PA, United States
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Osmont A, Camarda A, Habib M, Cassotti M. Peers' Choices Influence Adolescent Risk-taking Especially When Explicit Risk Information is Lacking. J Res Adolesc 2021; 31:402-416. [PMID: 33675265 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of peers' previous cautious versus risky choices on adolescents' risk-taking depending on the level of information about the risk. Adolescents completed an adaptation of the BART that manipulated social influence (cautious and risky) and risk information (i.e., informed, noninformed). Results showed that social influence impacts adolescents' decisions on the noninformed BART but not on the informed BART. In the noninformed BART, the peers' cautious choices strongly decreased risk-taking and led to greater performance. The peers' risky choices increase adolescents' risk-taking, but this effect is limited to situations involving minimal risk. Thus social experience may be a specific social context that represents a valuable source of information during adolescence, especially in situations with high uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Osmont
- Center for Research on the Psychology of Knowledge, Language and Emotion (PsyCLE-EA3273), Aix Marseille University, France
| | - Anaëlle Camarda
- Center for management science (CGS), i3 UMR CNRS, MINES ParisTech, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Habib
- DysCo Lab, Paris 8 University, COMUE Paris Lumières (UPL), Saint-Denis, France
| | - Mathieu Cassotti
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education (CNRS Unit 8240), Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité & Caen University, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France
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Zozula C, Costello BJ, Anderson BJ. Self-Control, Opportunity, and College Students' Bystander Intervention in Sexually Coercive Situations. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP6144-NP6165. [PMID: 30466362 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518808858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines students' bystander intervention opportunities and behaviors using survey data from a convenience sample of 226 college students from a university in the United States. We approach this study with theoretical concepts from the criminological literature on positive peer influence, self-control theories, and social control theories. Bivariate correlations and logistic analysis reveal, contrary to our predictions, that social and self-control have only minor predictive power on the likelihood of witnessing and intervening in sexually coercive events. However, we find strong support for some demographic characteristics, peer relationships, and behavioral characteristics (such as binge drinking) as predictive of witnessing a sexually coercive event and intervening in an event. Our study adds to the literature on bystander intervention behavior and aims to inform bystander intervention programming efforts by identifying student populations that are more likely to have the opportunity to intervene in sexually coercive situations and sexual assaults.
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Treat TA, Corbin WR, Papova A, Richner K, Craney R, Fromme K. Selection and socialization accounts of the relation between fraternity membership and sexual aggression. Psychol Addict Behav 2021; 35:337-350. [PMID: 33764091 PMCID: PMC8084907 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current project aims to enhance our understanding of the well-established relation between fraternity membership and sexual aggression on college campuses. Most prior research has been cross-sectional and unable to distinguish selection and socialization accounts of the relation, and only one prior longitudinal study has simultaneously examined selection and socialization effects. METHOD Fraternity membership, sexual aggression, binge drinking, sociosexual attitudes and behaviors, and perceived peer sexual aggression were assessed for 772 male participants (n = 116 fraternity members) in a longitudinal survey study from the summer prior to college through Year 2 of college. RESULTS Longitudinal path analyses revealed three key findings. First, fraternity membership was prospectively correlated with sexual aggression in Years 1 and 2 of college (socialization effect), controlling for selection effects, when the two prospective paths were constrained to be equivalent. Second, more frequent binge drinking and sociosexual attitudes prior to college prospectively correlated with an increased likelihood of joining a fraternity (selection effect), and both selection variables indirectly correlated with future sexual aggression via fraternity membership. Third, fraternity membership was associated with increased binge drinking and perceived peer sexual aggression (socialization effects). CONCLUSIONS These findings identify critical targets for the prevention of sexually aggressive behavior that are linked to fraternity membership: Binge drinking and sociosexual attitudes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Havewala M, Bowker JC, Smith KA, Rose-Krasnor L, Booth-LaForce C, Laursen B, Felton JW, Rubin KH. Peer Influence during Adolescence: The Moderating Role of Parental Support. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:306. [PMID: 33920622 DOI: 10.3390/children8040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies show that peers influence the development of adolescent internalizing and externalizing difficulties, few have considered both internalizing and externalizing difficulties in the same study, and fewer have considered the contributions of parents. Using a longitudinal sample of 385 adolescents, the contributions of best friends' internalizing and externalizing difficulties (as assessed in Grade 6; G6: Mage = 13.64 years; 53% female; 40% ethnic or racial minority) were examined as they predicted subsequent adolescent internalizing and externalizing difficulties (at G8); in addition, the moderating role of both maternal and paternal support (at G6) was explored. Structural equation modelling revealed that best friend internalizing difficulties predicted decreases, but that best friend externalizing difficulties predicted increases in adolescents' externalizing difficulties over time. Significant interactions involving both maternal and paternal support revealed that the negative impact of a G6 best friend having internalizing problems on later G8 adolescent externalizing problems was stronger at low levels of maternal and paternal support. The findings highlight the complex, and interactive, influences of friends and parents on the development of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology during adolescence, and underscore the importance of targeting both sources of social influence in research and clinical work.
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50
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Mendo CW, Maurel M, Doré I, O'Loughlin J, Sylvestre MP. Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Smoking in Adolescents and Young Adults: Mediating Role of Friends Smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1771-1778. [PMID: 33720376 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the mediating role of friends smoking in the association between depressive symptoms and daily/weekly cigarette smoking from adolescence into adulthood. METHODS Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence In Teens study (NDIT, Canada) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, UK) studies. Three age groups were investigated in NDIT: age 13-14 (n=1189), 15-16 (n=1107), and 17-18 (n=1075), and one in ALSPAC (n=4482, age 18-21). Multivariable mediation models decomposed the total effect (TE) of depressive symptoms on smoking into a natural direct effect (NDE) and natural indirect effect (NIE) through friends smoking. RESULTS The ORs for the TE were relatively constant over time with estimates ranging from 1.12 to 1.35. Friends smoking mediated the association between depressive symptoms and smoking in the two youngest samples (OR (95%CI) 1.09 (1.01,1.17) in 13-14-year-olds; 1.10 (1.03,1.18) in 15-16-year-olds). In the two older samples, NDE of depressive symptoms was close to the TE, suggestive that mediation was absent or too small to detect. CONCLUSION Friends smoking mediates the association between depressive symptoms and daily/weekly cigarette smoking in young adolescents. IMPLICATIONS If young adolescents use cigarettes to self-medicate depressive symptoms, then interventions targeting smoking that ignore depressive symptoms may be ineffective. Our results also underscore the importance of the influence of friends in younger adolescents, suggestive that preventive intervention should target the social environment including social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Mendo
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center.,School of Public Health, Université de Montréal
| | - Marine Maurel
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Development, Université de Bordeaux
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center.,School of Public Health, Université de Montréal.,School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal
| | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center.,School of Public Health, Université de Montréal
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center.,School of Public Health, Université de Montréal
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