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Lee B, Norwitz E, Hwang IS, Woo JY, Hwang SO, Lee HJ. Impact of Progesterone on Molecular Mechanisms of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3137-3146. [PMID: 34106437 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role and mechanisms of progesterone in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of progesterone in pre-labor full-term fetal amniotic membrane cells with and without stimulation by microbial, pro-inflammatory, or thrombogenic agents. Fetal amniotic membranes were collected from 30 women with a normal singleton pregnancy undergoing elective cesarean section at term prior to the onset of labor. The human amniotic epithelial cells isolated were pretreated with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 h. Then, cells were treated with and without TLR/NLR agonists, pro-inflammatory cytokines, or thrombin for 48 h. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, and caspase-3 activity measurement were performed. Progesterone stimulation decreased the expression of TLR2, TLR5, and Nod2 genes (alone and/or in combination with TLR/NLR agonists) and decreased the expression of IL-1β and IL-8 genes increased by stimulation with specific agonists for TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, Nod1, and Nod2. Moreover, progesterone decreased thrombin-induced IL-8 gene expression. Progesterone also decreased expression of Bax and Bid proteins (pro-apoptotic factors) increased by stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NGAL, IL-18, and IL-1β) and thrombin. Progesterone stimulation alone as well as co-stimulation with TNF-α, NGAL, IL-18, IL-1β, or thrombin with progesterone either increased, decreased, or did not change the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, or XIAP genes (anti-apoptotic factors). These data suggest progesterone plays protective roles against PPROM through anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombogenic actions on human-term fetal amniotic membrane cells. Progesterone alters pro-inflammatory cytokine- and thrombin-induced apoptosis by controlling the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghyun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Errol Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - In Sun Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Woo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ook Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Joong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang C, Du T, Mu G, Wang J, Gao X, Long F, Wang Q. Evaluation and ultrastructural changes of amniotic membrane fragility after UVA/riboflavin cross-linking and its effects on biodegradation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20091. [PMID: 32443319 PMCID: PMC7254827 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the changes of fragility and ultrastructure of amniotic membrane after cross-linking by UVA/riboflavin.Forty-nine fresh amniotic membranes were randomly divided into 3 groups. Eighteen were in group A (CX group) and immersed in 0.1% riboflavin solution for 10 min for UVA/riboflavin cross-linking. Sixteen were in group B (B2 group), soaked for 10 min with 0.1% riboflavin. After soaking, membranes in group A and B were transferred into corneal preservation solution. Fifteen pieces were in group C, directly into corneal preservation solution. The biomechanical and ultrastructural changes of the amniotic tissue before and after cross-linking were examined (CX group = 13, B2 group = 11, C group = 15). The amniotic membrane tissue of group A (n = 5) and B (n = 5) was transplanted into 16 eyes of the rabbits, respectively, and the dissolution time of the amniotic membrane tissue was investigated.After cross-linking, compared with the control group, the elastic modulus of the low-stress area of the amniotic membrane (Elow) was higher, while the elastic modulus of the high-stress area of the amniotic membrane (Ehigh) was lower, with no significant difference in the tensile strength. Also, the collagen fibers showed coarse and bamboo-like changes. In group A, amniotic membranes began to dissolve 4 weeks after conjunctiva transplantation, and all amniotic membranes were dissolved and absorbed 6 weeks after conjunctiva transplantation. In group B, some amniotic membrane tissues were still visible 6 weeks after conjunctiva transplantation.This study suggested that after amniotic membrane cross-linking, the brittleness was increased, the hardness was enhanced, and the morphology of the collagen fiber was changed. The cross-linked amniotic membrane showed resistance to tissue dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan
- Aier Eye Hospital Group, LiaochengAier Eye Hospital, Liaocheng
| | - Xin Gao
- Jinan Second People's Hospital
| | - Fumin Long
- People's Hospital of Taierzhuang District, Zaozhuang, China
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Peiris HN, Vaswani K, Holland O, Koh YQ, Almughlliq FB, Reed S, Mitchell MD. Altered productions of prostaglandins and prostamides by human amnion in response to infectious and inflammatory stimuli identified by mutliplex mass spectrometry. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 154:102059. [PMID: 32014738 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostaglandins are critical for the onset and progression of labor in mammals, and are formed by the metabolism of arachidonic acid. The products of arachidonic acid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and anandamide (AEA) have a similar lipid back bone but differing polar head groups, meaning that identification of these products by immunoassay can be difficult. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current study, we present the use of mass spectrometry as multiplex method of identifying the specific end products of arachidonic and anandamide metabolism by human derived amnion explants treated with either an infectious agent (LPS) or inflammatory mediator (IL-1β or TNF-α). RESULTS Human amnion tissue explants treated with LPS, IL-1β, or TNF-α increased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; p < 0.05) but decreased PGFM. Overall, PGE2 production was greater compared to the other prostaglandins and prostamides irrespective of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study are in keeping with the literature which describes amnion tissues as predominantly producing PGE2. The use of mass spectrometry for the differential identification of prostaglandins, prostamides, and other eicosanoids may help better elucidate mechanisms of preterm labor, and lead to new targets for the prediction of risk for preterm labor and/or birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassendrini N Peiris
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation - Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
| | - Kanchan Vaswani
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation - Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Olivia Holland
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation - Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Yong Qin Koh
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation - Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Fatema B Almughlliq
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Sarah Reed
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Murray D Mitchell
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation - Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
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Bansal A, Robles-Matos N, Wang PZ, Condon DE, Joshi A, Pinney SE. In utero Bisphenol A Exposure Is Linked with Sex Specific Changes in the Transcriptome and Methylome of Human Amniocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5571768. [PMID: 31536135 PMCID: PMC7046022 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is linked to obesity and diabetes but the molecular mechanisms driving these phenomena are not known. Alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in amniocytes exposed to BPA in utero represent a potential mechanism leading to metabolic dysfunction later in life. OBJECTIVE To profile changes in genome-wide DNA methylation and expression in second trimester human amniocytes exposed to BPA in utero. DESIGN A nested case-control study was performed in amniocytes matched for offspring sex, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, gestational age at amniocentesis, and gestational age at birth. Cases had amniotic fluid BPA measuring 0.251 to 23.74 ng/mL. Sex-specific genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed to determine differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and gene expression changes associated with BPA exposure. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to identify biologically relevant pathways enriched after BPA exposure. In silico Hi-C analysis identified potential chromatin interactions with DMRs. RESULTS There were 101 genes with altered expression in male amniocytes exposed to BPA (q < 0.05) in utero, with enrichment of pathways critical to hepatic dysfunction, collagen signaling and adipogenesis. Thirty-six DMRs were identified in male BPA-exposed amniocytes and 14 in female amniocyte analysis (q < 0.05). Hi-C analysis identified interactions between DMRs and 24 genes with expression changes in male amniocytes and 12 in female amniocytes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In a unique repository of human amniocytes exposed to BPA in utero, sex-specific analyses identified gene expression changes in pathways associated with metabolic disease and novel DMRs with potential distal regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Bansal
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Robles-Matos
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Zhiping Wang
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Bioinformatics Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David E Condon
- Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Penn Bioinformatics Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Apoorva Joshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara E Pinney
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Sara E. Pinney, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
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Nasr Esfahani S, Shao Y, Resto Irizarry AM, Li Z, Xue X, Gumucio DL, Fu J. Microengineered human amniotic ectoderm tissue array for high-content developmental phenotyping. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119244. [PMID: 31207406 PMCID: PMC6658735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
During early post-implantation human embryogenesis, the epiblast (EPI) within the blastocyst polarizes to generate a cyst with a central lumen. Cells at the uterine pole of the EPI cyst then undergo differentiation to form the amniotic ectoderm (AM), a tissue essential for further embryonic development. While the causes of early pregnancy failure are complex, improper lumenogenesis or amniogenesis of the EPI represent possible contributing factors. Here we report a novel AM microtissue array platform that allows quantitative phenotyping of lumenogenesis and amniogenesis of the EPI and demonstrate its potential application for embryonic toxicity profiling. Specifically, a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based amniogenic differentiation protocol was developed using a two-step micropatterning technique to generate a regular AM microtissue array with defined tissue sizes. A computer-assisted analysis pipeline was developed to automatically process imaging data and quantify morphological and biological features of AM microtissues. Analysis of the effects of cell density, cyst size and culture conditions revealed a clear connection between cyst size and amniogenesis of hPSC. Using this platform, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of ROCK signaling, an essential mechanotransductive pathway, suppressed lumenogenesis but did not perturb amniogenic differentiation of hPSC, suggesting uncoupled regulatory mechanisms for AM morphogenesis vs. cytodifferentiation. The AM microtissue array was further applied to screen a panel of clinically relevant drugs, which successfully detected their differential teratogenecity. This work provides a technological platform for toxicological screening of clinically relevant drugs for their effects on lumenogenesis and amniogenesis during early human peri-implantation development, processes that have been previously inaccessible to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Zida Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Kiyokawa H, Mogami H, Ueda Y, Kawamura Y, Sato M, Chigusa Y, Mandai M, Kondoh E. Maternal Glucocorticoids Make the Fetal Membrane Thinner: Involvement of Amniotic Macrophages. Endocrinology 2019; 160:925-937. [PMID: 30776301 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid use during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). Here, we investigated the mechanism of how glucocorticoids weaken the fetal membranes. The amnion mesenchymal layer was significantly thinner in pregnant women treated with prednisolone and in corticosterone-injected mice than in control groups. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 mRNA and its activity, COX2 mRNA levels, and prostaglandin E2 synthesis were increased, whereas type 1 collagen (COL1A1) mRNA levels were decreased in the fetal membranes of corticosterone-injected mice. Unexpectedly, the proliferation and migration of macrophages were observed around the corticosterone-injected amnion, and IL-1β was released from these macrophages. In human amnion mesenchymal cells, cortisol did not change MMP mRNA expression, whereas IL-1β treatment robustly increased MMP and COX2 mRNA expression. COL1A1 mRNA level was decreased by both cortisol and IL-1β. These data suggest that the recruitment of amniotic macrophages by glucocorticoids plays a pivotal role in weakening of the fetal membranes, leading to the pathogenesis of pPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kiyokawa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruta Mogami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ueda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawamura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Sato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Chigusa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondoh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Liu X, Zhang T, Wang R, Shi P, Pan B, Pang X. Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium as a Novel Serum-free Media Supplement for the Culture of Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2019; 49:63-71. [PMID: 30814079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the use of Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS) medium in place of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to culture human amnion mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Cell morphology, ultrastructure, proliferation, migration and MSC related markers were assessed accordingly. The hAMSCs were induced to osteocyte, chondrocyte, adipocyte and keratinocyte by culturing in appropriate induction medium. hAMSCs mRNA expression was detected for the matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β) by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Our results showed that hAMSCs cultured in ITS medium exhibited similar proliferation rates, demonstrated a statistically significant increased migration and expressed similar levels of MSC markers(CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD45-, CD34-) compared with those cultured in FBS. Osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and keratinocytes were differentiated. Results of transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that hAMSCs cultured in ITS medium underwent active metabolism. The mRNA expression of MMP2, VEGF, KGF, TGF-β, IGF-I and PDGF upregulated in ITS medium. In conclusion, ITS medium has the potential to be used for the expansion of hAMSCs before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Reproductive medicine Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University, China
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Chinese Ministry of Education, China Medical University, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Chinese Ministry of Education, China Medical University, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Chinese Ministry of Education, China Medical University, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Shenyang amnion bioengineering technology research and Development Center Co., Ltd., China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Reproductive medicine Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University, China
| | - Xining Pang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Chinese Ministry of Education, China Medical University, China
- Shenyang amnion bioengineering technology research and Development Center Co., Ltd., China
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Abstract
Poly(A) polymerase (PAP; EC 2.7.7.19) catalyzes mRNA polyadenylation. Its activity and isoform levels vary during cell cycle transformation and apoptosis. It has become widely accepted that cell death after DNA damage by anticancer agents is primarily the result of apoptosis and that cells able to evade apoptosis will be resistant to cell killing. The therapeutic agents interferon (IFN), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and tamoxifen (Tam) with different mechanisms of action mediate both partial dephosphorylation and inactivation of PAP, detected by immunoblotting analysis and PAP enzyme assay, respectively. We examined the apoptotic tendencies of HeLa and WISH cell lines caused by one of the drugs used, 5-FU. The trend in the cells examined, observed by DAPI and/or DNA fragmentation assay, was found to be accompanied by and reversibly related to PAP activity levels and PAP lower mobility phosphorylated forms of 106 and 100 kDa isoforms. Moreover, a cell type-modulated, differential response of HeLa (chemosensitive cells) versus WISH (drug-resistant diploid cells) has been revealed. This finding yields information on the possible use of PAP as a tumor marker involved in cell commitment and/or induction of apoptosis and may help to improve our understanding of tumor cell sensitivity to anticancer agents.
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MESH Headings
- Amnion/cytology
- Amnion/drug effects
- Amnion/enzymology
- Amnion/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/enzymology
- DNA Fragmentation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- HeLa Cells/cytology
- HeLa Cells/drug effects
- HeLa Cells/enzymology
- HeLa Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/pharmacology
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase/analysis
- Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase/biosynthesis
- Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/analysis
- Protein Isoforms/biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry, Papanikolaou Research Center, Saint Savvas Hospital, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
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Rouzaire M, Comptour A, Belville C, Bouvier D, Sapin V, Gallot D, Blanchon L. Cigarette smoke condensate affects the retinoid pathway in human amnion. Placenta 2017; 58:98-104. [PMID: 28962704 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a frequent pathology responsible of more than 30% of preterm births. Tobacco smoking is one of the most frequently described risk factors identified and contributes to the pre term weakening of fetal membranes. As previously demonstrated, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) regulates several genes involved in the extracellular matrix dynamics, an essential actor in fetal membrane ruptures. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke may affect this pathway in human amnion. METHODS Amnion was obtained from full-term fetal membranes collected from non-smoking women after cesarean births and used either as explants or for the isolation of derived epithelial cells. The pro-healing and transcriptomic effects of atRA were studied by a scratch assay experiment and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively, after treatment with dimethyl sulfoxyde (DMSO), atRA, DMSO + cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), or atRA + CSC. RESULTS Our results show a strong alteration of the retinoid pathway after CSC treatment on amnion-derived epithelial cells and explants. We first demonstrated that CSC inhibits the activity of the RARE reporter gene in amnion-derived epithelial cells. Then, atRA's effects on both the transcription of its target genes and wound healing were demonstrated to be inhibited or at least decreased by the CSC in human amnion epithelial cells. DISCUSSION Here, we demonstrated that CSC altered the retinoid signal, already known to have roles in fetal membrane physiopathology. These results highlight a potential negative action of maternal smoking on the retinoid pathway in human amnion and more generally on pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rouzaire
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Comptour
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Belville
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Bouvier
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Denis Gallot
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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10
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Janzen C, Sen S, Lei MYY, Gagliardi de Assumpcao M, Challis J, Chaudhuri G. The Role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Amniotic Membrane Rupture. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1261-1269. [PMID: 28388726 PMCID: PMC5460731 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Biochemical weakening of the amnion is a major factor preceding preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROMs), leading to preterm birth. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is known to play a key role in collagen degradation of the amnion; however, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is also induced by MMP activation has not been investigated as a mechanism for amnion weakening. OBJECTIVE To measure amniotic EMT associated with vaginal delivery (VD) compared with unlabored cesarean sections (CSs), and to assess changes in amniotic mechanical strength with pharmacologic inhibitors and inducers of EMT, thus testing the hypothesis that EMT is a key biochemical event that promotes amniotic rupture. FINDINGS (1) Amnions taken from VD contained a significantly increased number of mesenchymal cells relative to epithelial cells compared with unlabored CS by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis (60% vs 10%); (2) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation of amniotic epithelial cells increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin after 2 days; (3) EMT inhibitor, etodolac, significantly increased the time and mechanical pressure required to rupture the amnion; and (4) TNF-α and another pharmacologic EMT inducer, ethacridine, decreased the time and mechanical pressure required for amnion rupture, further confirming that the mesenchymal phenotype significantly weakens the amnion. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated amniotic cell EMT was associated with labor and EMT decreased the tensile strength of the amnion. These findings suggest a role for EMT in the pathophysiology of PPROM and may provide a basis for development of therapies to prevent preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Janzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California 90095, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Suvajit Sen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California 90095, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margarida Y Y Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California 90095, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - John Challis
- University of Western Australia and Curtin University, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Gautam Chaudhuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California 90095, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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11
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Mi Y, Wang W, Zhang C, Liu C, Lu J, Li W, Zuo R, Myatt L, Sun K. Autophagic Degradation of Collagen 1A1 by Cortisol in Human Amnion Fibroblasts. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1005-1014. [PMID: 28323983 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rupture of fetal membranes can initiate parturition at both term and preterm. Collagen is the crucial factor determining the tensile strength of the membranes. Toward the end of gestation, a feed-forward regeneration of cortisol via 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 exists in fetal membranes. It remains undetermined whether cortisol contributes to collagen reduction in fetal membranes. In this study, we have examined whether cortisol accumulation is a causative factor for collagen reduction in human amnion fibroblasts, the major source of collagens in the membranes. Cortisol had no effect on collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) and 1A2 (COL1A2) messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance but decreased their protein abundance. The latter effect was affected by neither mRNA transcription inhibitor nor protein translation inhibitor. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reduction in COL1A1 but not COL1A2 protein by cortisol was blocked by lysosome inhibitor chloroquine or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of autophagy-related protein 7, an essential protein for autophagy, whereas the proteasome inhibitors MG132 and bortezomib were ineffective. Further analysis showed that cortisol dose dependently increased the ratio of LC3II/LC3I, a marker of lysosome activation, an effect blocked by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of GR. Consistently, cortisol decreased COL1A1 and COL1A2 protein abundance in amnion tissue explants, and decreased COL1A1 and COL1A2 protein abundance was observed at parturition in the amnion tissue. Conclusively, cortisol regeneration in fetal membranes may contribute to rupture of fetal membranes at parturition by reducing collagen protein abundance. Lysosome-mediated autophagy accounts for the reduction in COL1A1 by cortisol, but the mechanism underlying the reduction in COL1A2 awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Mi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wangsheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chuyue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiangwen Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rujuan Zuo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, P.R. China
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12
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Borghesi J, Mario LC, Carreira ACO, Miglino MA, Favaron PO. Phenotype and multipotency of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) amniotic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:27. [PMID: 28173846 PMCID: PMC5297200 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are capable of unlimited self-renewal and are able to remain undifferentiated for extended periods of time prior to their differentiation into specific cell lineages. Because of the issues (ethical and religious) involved in the use of embryonic stem cells and the limited plasticity of adult stem cells, an alternative cell source could be foetal stem cells derived from extra-embryonic tissue, which are highly proliferative, grow in vitro and possess interesting immunogenic characteristics. As a result, the amniotic membrane of several species has been studied as an important new source of stem cells. METHODS Here, we cultured and characterized mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from the rabbit amniotic membrane, and investigated their differentiation potential. In total, amniotic membranes were collected from eight rabbit foetuses and were isolated by the explant technique. The obtained cells were cultured in DMEM-HIGH glucose and incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. RESULTS The cells adhered to the culture plates and showed a high proliferative capacity with fibroblast-like morphologies. The cells showed a positive response for markers for the cytoskeleton, mesenchymal stem cells and proliferation, pluripotency and haematopoietic precursor stem cells. However, the cells were negative for CD45, a marker of haematopoietic cells. Furthermore, the cells had the capacity to be induced to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. In addition, when the cells were injected into nude mice, we did not observe the formation of tumours. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results demonstrate that multipotent mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from the rabbit amniotic membrane for possible use in future cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
- Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270 Brazil
| | - Lara Carolina Mario
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center) and NETCEM (Center for Studies in Cell and Molecular Therapy), School of Medicine—Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Phelipe Oliveira Favaron
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
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13
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Plazyo O, Romero R, Unkel R, Balancio A, Mial TN, Xu Y, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Gomez-Lopez N. HMGB1 Induces an Inflammatory Response in the Chorioamniotic Membranes That Is Partially Mediated by the Inflammasome. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:130. [PMID: 27806943 PMCID: PMC5315428 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.144139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm labor occurs in two subsets of patients with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, a process induced by alarmins such as high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). Inflammasomes are implicated in the process of spontaneous preterm labor. Therefore, we investigated whether HMGB1 initiates an inflammasome-associated inflammatory response in the chorioamniotic membranes. Incubation of the chorioamniotic membranes with HMGB1 1) induced the release of mature IL-1beta and IL-6; 2) upregulated the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators NFKB1, IL6, TNF, IL1A, IFNG, and HMGB1 receptors RAGE and TLR2; 3) upregulated the mRNA expression of the inflammasome components NLRP3 and AIM2 as well as NOD proteins (NOD1 and NOD2); 4) increased the protein concentrations of NLRP3 and NOD2; 5) increased the concentration of caspase-1 and the quantity of its active form (p20); and 6) upregulated the mRNA expression and active form of MMP-9. In addition, HMGB1 concentrations in chorioamniotic membrane extracts from women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor were greater than in those from women who had undergone spontaneous labor at term. Collectively, these results show that HMGB1 can induce an inflammatory response in the chorioamniotic membranes, which is partially mediated by the inflammasome. These results provide insight into the mechanisms whereby HMGB1 induces preterm labor and birth in mice and explain why the concentration of this alarmin is increased in women who undergo spontaneous preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Plazyo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ronald Unkel
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amapola Balancio
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tara N Mial
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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14
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Wang Y, Wu H, Shen M, Ding S, Miao J, Chen N. Role of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells in promoting osteogenic differentiation by influencing p38 MAPK signaling in lipopolysaccharide -induced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:41-49. [PMID: 27832946 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by bacterial pathogens, which not only affect connective tissue attachments but also cause alveolar bone loss. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs) on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions. Proliferation levels were measured by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). Osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization were investigated using chromogenic alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity substrate assays, Alizarin red S staining, and RT-PCR analysis of HBMSCs osteogenic marker expression. Oxidative stress induced by LPS was investigated by assaying reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Here, we demonstrated that HAMSCs increased the proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation, and SOD activity of LPS-induced HBMSCs, and down-regulated the ROS level. Moreover, our results suggested that the activation of p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway is essential for reversing the LPS-induced bone-destructive processes. SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK signaling, significantly suppressed the anti-inflammatory effects in HAMSCs. In conclusion, HAMSCs show a strong potential in treating inflammation-induced bone loss by influencing p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Han Zhong Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, the People's Republic of China.
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15
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Sato BL, Collier ES, Vermudez SA, Junker AD, Kendal-Wright CE. Human amnion mesenchymal cells are pro-inflammatory when activated by the Toll-like receptor 2/6 ligand, macrophage-activating lipoprotein-2. Placenta 2016; 44:69-79. [PMID: 27452440 PMCID: PMC4964608 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection accounts for over 40% of preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PPROM), a major cause of preterm birth. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play key roles in pathogen surveillance but their expression and function in amnion mesenchymal cells (AMC) is unclear. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of all TLR isoforms and the effect of macrophage-activating lipoprotein-2 (MALP-2), derived from a common pathogen involved in PPROM, on human AMC. METHODS AMC were isolated from normal, term amnion from repeat cesarean section. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect TLR isoform expression. Immunocytochemistry of NF-κB p65, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (ELISA), MTT assay, LDH assay, immunoblotting of cytosolic cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3, and expression of 84 microRNAs by Qiagen miRNA PCR array were used to determine the functional effect of MALP-2 on AMC. RESULTS TLR1-10 was detected in AMC, and protein expression of TLR2, 4, and 6 were confirmed. MALP-2 induced nuclear translocation of p65, reaching significance after 45 min (ANOVA, P < 0.05). MALP-2 did not cause apoptosis but did lead to significant secretion of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, respectively) and significant changes in miRNA-320a and miRNA-18a (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION These results suggest that AMC elicit a pro-inflammatory response following stimulation with the known TLR2/6 ligand MALP-2. This data supports the idea that AMC express the innate immune system receptors that could help with immune surveillance during infection and contribute to inflammatory responses that lead to PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Sato
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA.
| | - Eric S Collier
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA
| | - Sheryl Anne Vermudez
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA
| | - Anthony D Junker
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA
| | - Claire E Kendal-Wright
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 651 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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16
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Chigusa Y, Kishore AH, Mogami H, Word RA. Nrf2 Activation Inhibits Effects of Thrombin in Human Amnion Cells and Thrombin-Induced Preterm Birth in Mice. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2612-21. [PMID: 27050800 PMCID: PMC6287450 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nrf2 is a key transcription factor that modulates cell defense mechanisms against endogenous and exogenous stress. Previously, we reported that thrombin increased matrix metalloproteinases and prostaglandin synthesis in human amnion mesenchymal cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether activation of Nrf2 alters the effect of thrombin on prostaglandin synthesis, protease activation, and cytokine release in human amnion. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of Nrf2 activation on thrombin-induced preterm labor in mice. DESIGN Primary human amnion mesenchymal cells and pregnant mice were employed to investigate the effect of Nrf2 on thrombin-induced inflammation and preterm birth. SETTING This was a laboratory-based study using cells and mice. RESULTS As expected, thrombin increased cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 in amnion mesenchymal cells. Preincubation with Nrf2 activators, diethyl maleate or 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), profoundly repressed thrombin-induced gene expression. In addition, Nrf2 activation inhibited thrombin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels and secretion of prostaglandin E2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the media. Whereas vehicle and 15d-PGJ2 did not alter gestational length, all pregnant mice treated with thrombin delivered preterm. 15d-PGJ2 delayed thrombin-induced preterm birth significantly. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that Nrf2 activation represents a key stress response in amnion mesenchyme cells and in pregnant mice to mitigate the adverse proinflammatory effects of thrombin on the fetal membranes. We suggest, therefore, that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 may prevent the increased risk of preterm premature rupture of the membranes associated with thrombin activation that accompanies subchorionic hemorrhage or bleeding during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Chigusa
- The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032
| | - Annavarapu Hari Kishore
- The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032
| | - Haruta Mogami
- The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032
| | - Ruth Ann Word
- The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032
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Kohl T. Impact of partial amniotic carbon dioxide insufflation (PACI) on middle cerebral artery blood flow in mid-gestation human fetuses undergoing fetoscopic surgery for spina bifida aperta. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47:521-522. [PMID: 26411355 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kohl
- German Center for Fetal Surgery & Minimally Invasive Therapy (DZFT), University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Klinikstr. 33, 35592 Giessen, Germany.
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18
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Liu C, Zhu P, Wang W, Li W, Shu Q, Chen ZJ, Myatt L, Sun K. Inhibition of lysyl oxidase by prostaglandin E2 via EP2/EP4 receptors in human amnion fibroblasts: Implications for parturition. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 424:118-27. [PMID: 26826430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism leading to rupture of the membranes at parturition is not fully understood. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) cross-links collagen fibrils thereby increasing the tensile strength of the membranes. Thus, understanding the regulation of LOX expression may be of crucial importance for elucidation of the process of rupture of the fetal membranes. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), mainly produced in the amnion, plays crucial roles during human parturition. However it is not known whether PGE2 regulates LOX expression in the fetal membranes. Using primary human amnion fibroblasts, we showed that addition of PGE2 decreased LOX mRNA and protein levels, which were blocked by inhibition of EP2/EP4 receptors and the receptor-coupled cAMP/PKA pathway. EP2/EP4 receptor agonists and stimulators of the cAMP/PKA pathway consistently decreased LOX expression. Furthermore, PGE2 induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, a key enzyme in PGE2 production, via an EP2 and EP4 receptor-coupled cAMP/PKA pathway. Small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of COX-2 expression significantly increased the basal expression of LOX. In addition, an increase in COX-2 and a reciprocal decrease in LOX abundance occurred in amnion tissue following labor at term. In conclusion, we have revealed a feed-forward loop of induction of COX-2 and reduction in LOX expression by PGE2 acting via an EP2/EP4 receptor-coupled cAMP/PKA pathway in human amnion fibroblasts toward the end of gestation, which may play a significant role in the rupture of fetal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, No.401 Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wangsheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, PR China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qun Shu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, PR China.
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Kim SH, MacIntyre DA, Hanyaloglu AC, Blanks AM, Thornton S, Bennett PR, Terzidou V. The oxytocin receptor antagonist, Atosiban, activates pro-inflammatory pathways in human amnion via G(αi) signalling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:11-23. [PMID: 26586210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in the onset of human labour by stimulating uterine contractions and promoting prostaglandin/inflammatory cytokine synthesis in amnion via oxytocin receptor (OTR) coupling. The OTR-antagonist, Atosiban, is widely used as a tocolytic for the management of acute preterm labour. We found that in primary human amniocytes, Atosiban (10 μM) signals via PTX-sensitive Gαi to activate transcription factor NF-κB p65, ERK1/2, and p38 which subsequently drives upregulation of the prostaglandin synthesis enzymes, COX-2 and phospho-cPLA2 and excretion of prostaglandins (PGE2) (n = 6; p < 0.05, ANOVA). Moreover, Atosiban treatment increased expression and excretion of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and CCL5. We also showed that OT-simulated activation of NF-κB, ERK1/2, and p38 and subsequent prostaglandin and inflammatory cytokine synthesis is via Gαi-2 and Gαi-3 but not Gαq, and is not inhibited by Atosiban. Activation or exacerbation of inflammation is not a desirable effect of tocolytics. Therefore therapeutic modulation of the OT/OTR system for clinical management of term/preterm labour should consider the effects of differential G-protein coupling of the OTR and the role of OT or selective OTR agonists/antagonists in activating proinflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hye Kim
- Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Dept. Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, East Acton, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A MacIntyre
- Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Dept. Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, East Acton, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Dept. Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, East Acton, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew M Blanks
- University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, UHCW, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Steven Thornton
- The University of Exeter Medical School, Main Medical School Building, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Dept. Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, East Acton, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vasso Terzidou
- Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Dept. Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, East Acton, London W12 0NN, UK; Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
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Bouvier D, Rouzaire M, Marceau G, Prat C, Pereira B, Lemarié R, Deruelle P, Fajardy I, Gallot D, Blanchon L, Vambergue A, Sapin V. Aquaporins and Fetal Membranes From Diabetic Parturient Women: Expression Abnormalities and Regulation by Insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015. [PMID: 26207951 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT During pregnancy, aquaporins (AQPs) expressed in fetal membranes are essential for controlling the homeostasis of the amniotic volume, but their regulation by insulin was never explored in diabetic women. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of AQPs 1, 3, 8, and 9 expressed in fetal membranes in diabetic parturient women and the control of their expression by insulin. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS From 129 fetal membranes in four populations (controls, type 1, type 2 [T2D], and gestational diabetes [GD]), we established an expression AQP profile. In a second step, the amnion was used to study the control of the expression and functions of AQPs 3 and 9 by insulin. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The expression of transcripts and proteins of AQPs was studied by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. We analyzed the regulation by insulin of the expression of AQPs 3 and 9 in the amnion. A tritiated glycerol test enabled us to measure the impact of insulin on the functional characteristics. Using an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, we analyzed the insulin intracellular signaling pathway. RESULTS The expression of AQP3 protein was significantly weaker in groups T2D and GD. In nondiabetic fetal membranes, we showed for the amnion (but not for the chorion) a significant repression by insulin of the transcriptional expression of AQPs 3 and 9, which was blocked by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. CONCLUSION In fetal membranes, the repression of AQP3 protein expression and functions observed in vivo is allowed by the hyperinsulinism described in pregnant women with T2D or GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bouvier
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marion Rouzaire
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Geoffroy Marceau
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Prat
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Romain Lemarié
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Deruelle
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Fajardy
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Denis Gallot
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Vambergue
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases (D.B., M.R., G.M., C.P., D.G., L.B., V.S.), School of Medicine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (D.B., G.M., R.L. V.S.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Biostatistics Unit Department (B.P.), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg (P.D., I.F.), Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; and Integrative Genomics and Modelization of Metabolic Diseases (A.V.), EGID, School of Medicine Henri-Warembourg, Université Lille 2, PRES Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
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Allen TK, Feng L, Nazzal M, Grotegut CA, Buhimschi IA, Murtha AP. The Effect of Progestins on Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activity and Gene Expression in Human Primary Amnion and Chorion Cells In Vitro. Anesth Analg 2015; 120:1085-1094. [PMID: 25806402 PMCID: PMC4406818 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment modalities for preventing preterm premature rupture of membranes are limited, but progestins may play a role. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) enhances matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene expression and activity in fetal membranes, contributing to membrane weakening and rupture. We previously demonstrated that progestins attenuate TNFα-induced MMP-9 activity in a cytotrophoblast cell line. However, whether they have a similar effect in primary amnion and chorion cells of fetal membranes is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of progestins on basal and TNFα-induced MMP-9 activity and gene expression in primary chorion and amnion cells harvested from the fetal membranes of term nonlaboring patients. METHODS Primary amnion and chorion cells were isolated from fetal membranes obtained from term uncomplicated nonlaboring patients following elective cesarean delivery (n = 11). Confluent primary amnion and chorion cell cultures were both pretreated with vehicle (control), progesterone (P4), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P), or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at 10 M concentration for 6 hours followed by stimulation with TNFα at 10 ng/mL for an additional 24 hours. Cell cultures pretreated with the vehicle only served as the unstimulated control and the vehicle stimulated with TNFα served as the stimulated control. Both controls were assigned a value of 100 units. Cell culture medium was harvested for MMP-9 enzymatic activity quantification using gelatin zymography. Total RNA was extracted for quantifying MMP-9 gene expression using real-time quantitative PCR. Basal MMP-9 activity and gene expression data were normalized to the unstimulated control. TNFα-stimulated MMP-9 activity and gene expression were normalized to the stimulated control. The primary outcome was the effect of progestins on TNFα-induced MMP-9 enzymatic activity in term human primary amnion and chorion cells in vitro. Secondary outcomes included the effect of progestin therapy on TNFα-induced MMP-9 gene expression and on basal MMP-9 activity and gene expression in primary amnion and chorion cells in vitro. RESULTS Primary cells were harvested from 11 patients. Compared with the unstimulated control, TNFα increased MMP-9 activity (P = 0.005 versus control in primary amnion cells and P < 0.001 versus control in primary chorion cells) and MMP-9 gene expression (P = 0.030 versus control in primary amnion cells, P < 0.001 versus control in primary chorion cells). Compared with the unstimulated controls, MPA, but not P4 or 17P, reduced basal MMP-9 activity [mean difference (95% CI) -49.6 (-81.9, -17.3) units, P = 0.001] and gene expression [mean difference (95% CI) -53.4 (-105.9, -0.9) units, P = 0.045] in primary amnion cells. Compared with the stimulated control, MPA also reduced TNFα-induced MMP-9 activity [mean difference (95% CI) -69.0 (-91.8, -46.3) units, P < 0.001] and gene expression [mean difference (95% CI) -86.0 (-120.7, -51.3) units, P < 0.001] in primary amnion cells. Progestin pretreatment had no significant effect on basal or TNFα-induced MMP-9 activity and gene expression in primary chorion cells. CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory effect of MPA on both basal and TNFα-induced MMP-9 activity and gene expression in primary amnion cells demonstrate a possible mechanism by which progestins may prevent fetal membrane weakening leading to preterm premature rupture of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence K Allen
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; and Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics/Gynecology, The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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Wang JJ, Hua Y, Zhou QF, Xie AL, Zhu XQ. [Compound danshen injection regulated the expression of AQP3 in the human amnion epithelium cells through JNK signal pathway]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2014; 34:931-935. [PMID: 25223175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of Compound Danshen Injection (CDI) in regulating the expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in human amnion epithelium cells (hAECs), and to study the relation between c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signal pathway and AQP3. METHODS hAECs were isolated and primarily cultured from term pregnancy with normal amniotic fluid volume and from term pregnancy with oligohydramnios, and then hAECs were further divided into four groups, i.e., the blank control group (A), the SP600125 group (B), the CDI group (C), and the SP600125 +CDI group (D). The cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8). The expression of total JNK, phosphorylated JNK, and AQP3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS (1) In hAECs with normal AFV or with oligohydramnios: There was no statistical difference in the cell viability or the expression of total JNK among the 4 groups (P > 0.05). But there was statistical difference in the expression of p-JNK (P < 0.05). Compared with A group, the expression of p-JNK was obviously down-regulated in B group, but obviously up-regulated in C group (P < 0.05). The expression of p-JNK was significantly lower in D group than in C group, but higher than that in A group or B group (P < 0.05).The AQP3 expression in the hAECs with normal amniotic fluid volume of C group and D group were higher than that in the A group (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the AQP3 expression between C group and D group (P > 0.05). In hAECs with oligohydramnios, the expression of AQP3 obviously decreased in B group, but up-regulated in C group (both P < 0.05). The expression of AQP3 was lower in D group than in C group, but higher than in B group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION CDI could regulate the AQP3 expression in hAECs with oligohydramnios via activating the JNK signal pathway.
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Aykut V, Celik U, Celik B. The destructive effects of antibiotics on the amniotic membrane ultrastructure. Int Ophthalmol 2014; 35:381-5. [PMID: 24907891 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-9959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the influence of different antibiotics on amniotic membrane epithelium and to observe the related ultrastructural changes using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Prospective comparative laboratory study. Amniotic membrane samples from a single placenta were obtained using a sterilized method. Tissue samples were placed in either saline or antibiotics-containing (penicillin, streptomycin, neomycin, or amphotericin B) solutions. The viability of the amniotic membrane epithelial cells was then assessed for saline and antibiotics using both light microscope and TEM to investigate morphological changes. The ultrastructural examination of amniotic membrane epithelium held in antibiotics-containing solutions showed damage to the cell membrane, rarefaction, and loss of microvilli. Amniotic membrane from the control group showed intact epithelium, with surface microvilli and junctional complexes between the cells and the basal membrane. The destructive effects of antibiotics on freshly obtained amniotic membrane were examined with both light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and significant differences in the ultrastructure were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Aykut
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey,
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Boĭko OV, Manukhin BN. [Intracellular transmission of the cholinergic signal in the chick amnion]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol 2014:48-52. [PMID: 25735156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of the system of deposited calcium in the mediation of contractile reactions to carbachol in an isolated amnion of 11-13 day old chicken embryo was studied. It was found that thapsigargin (2 microM, 20 min), an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPases, decreases the tonic reaction to carbachol by 40 +/- 2%. In the presence of U73122 (5-10 microM, 10 min), a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C inhibitor, the rhythmic contractile reaction of the amnion to carbachol is blocked, whereas the tonic reactiondecreases to 47 +/- 9% of the initial one. Ryanodine (10 rM, 5 min) inhibits the spontaneous contractile activity of the amnion and decreases the tonic reaction to carbachol to 36 +/- 3% relative to control. In the presense of ryano- dine, nifedipine (0.05 microM) completely blocks the tonic reaction to carbachol. Thus, calcium mobilized from intracellular stores via inositol trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors is involved in realization of contractile reactions, mediated by M3 receptors, in the chick amnion.
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Klimova NG, Hanna N, Peltier MR. Does carbon monoxide inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production by fetal membranes? J Perinat Med 2013; 41:683-90. [PMID: 23929879 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2013-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Infection-induced inflammation is a common cause of preterm birth. Pharmacologic inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines improves pregnancy outcome in animal models but there are no universally effective therapies for preterm birth in women. Carbon monoxide (CO) has anti-inflammatory properties at low concentrations but its effects on reproductive tissues is unclear. Therefore, we studied the effect of supplemental CO on the production of cytokines associated with preterm birth by fetal membranes. METHODS Cross-sections of whole fetal membranes, isolated choriodecidua, and isolated amnion were prepared using tissues collected from women who had normal vaginal deliveries at term. Tissues were placed in an organ explant culture system and stimulated with up to 10(8) CFU/mL Escherichia coli. Cultures were incubated under room air or room air+250 ppm CO for 18 h and cytokine concentrations in conditioned medium were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS CO inhibited IL-1β and TNF-α (P≤0.001) production by cultures stimulated with 10(7) CFU/mL bacteria but had no detectable effect on IL-10 by full-thickness membranes. Although CO also tended to reduce TNF-α production (P=0.053), no effect of CO was detected for IL-10 or IL-1β for membranes stimulated with 10(8) CFU/mL E. coli. TNF-α, but not IL-1β or IL-10 production, was inhibited by CO for choriodecidual cultures stimulated with 10(7) or 10(8) CFU/mL E. coli (P<0.001). IL-1β production was significantly inhibited by CO for amnion cultures stimulated with 10(7) (P=0.002) and 10(8) (P=0.017) CFU/mL E. coli. Exposure to bacteria had no effect on TNF-α or IL-10 production but CO tended to increase IL-10 production by amnion cultures stimulated with 10(8) CFU/mL E. coli (P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CO may help promote an anti-inflammatory environment during intrauterine infections by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β production.
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Frew L, Sugiarto NU, Rajagopal SP, He J, Leask R, Norman JE, Riley SC, Stock SJ. The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the inflammatory response of the amnion. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:221-5. [PMID: 23890848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFAs, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosohexanoic acid (DHA) on inflammatory cytokine production in the amnion. STUDY DESIGN Amnion explants were obtained at elective caesarean sections and cultured in vitro with EPA and DHA. IL-8 and IL-6 secretion was determined by ELISA, the role of PPARγ was investigated using specific agonists and antagonists and activity of MMP assessed by gelatin zymography. RESULTS A combination of EPA and DHA significantly reduced the concentration of IL-8 and IL-6 released into the supernatant compared to untreated controls (p<0.001). Stimulation of PPARγ with troglitazone reduced IL-8 production, and the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 partially reversed this effect. The activity of MMP-9 was also significantly reduced by treatment with EPA and DHA in combination compared to untreated control (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The omega-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA decrease the inflammatory response of the amnion, and this may be partially mediated through PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frew
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Fan MS, Jiang ZY, Zou YF, Qu L, Zhou X, Sun LZ. [Effect of transforming growth factor β1 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathway in the human amniotic cells WISH]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2013; 48:29-33. [PMID: 23531248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the possible signalling pathways in human amniotic cells WISH. METHODS The WISH cell line was cultured. WISH cells were added with TGF-β1 of different concentrations (0, 2, 10 and 20 ng/ml, respectively) for 24 hours. Then, reverse transcription (RT) PCR and western blotting were used to analyze the protein and mRNA expression of TIMP-1 and MMP-9; and the expression of NF-κB was analyzed by western blot. RESULTS (1) The profile of TIMP-1 mRNA (0.413 ± 0.036, 0.623 ± 0.058, 1.392 ± 0.124, 1.387 ± 0.102) in WISH cells elevated when the concentration of TGF-β1 increased (0, 2, 10, 20 ng/ml). In accordance with TIMP-1 mRNA, the expression of TIMP-1 also elevated with the increase of TGF-β1 (0.357 ± 0.031, 0.596 ± 0.048, 1.243 ± 0.097 and 1.359 ± 0.121, respectively). And when 2, 10 or 20 ng/ml of TGF-β1 was added, the TIMP-1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher than the TIMP-1 mRNA and protein when no TGF-β1 was added (P < 0.05). (2) In contrast with TIMP-1, MMP-9 mRNA (1.325 ± 0.056, 0.987 ± 0.081, 0.610 ± 0.034, 0.347 ± 0.023) in WISH cells decreased when the concentration of TGF-β1 increased (0, 2, 10, 20 ng/ml). The MMP-9 protein (1.119 ± 0.064, 1.008 ± 0.052, 0.578 ± 0.041, 0.401 ± 0.015) also decreased with the increase of TGF-β1. And when 2, 10 or 20 ng/ml of TGF-β1 was added, the MMP-9 mRNA and protein were significantly lower than the MMP-9 mRNA and protein when no TGF-β1 was added (P < 0.05). (3) The NF-κB protein (1.423 ± 0.065, 1.116 ± 0.045, 0.796 ± 0.041, 0.359 ± 0.021) was significantly reduced with the increase of TGF-β1 (0, 2, 10, 20 ng/ml;P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The mRNA and protein expression of TIMP-1 decreased when TGF-β1 was low in WISH cells, whereas those of MMP-9 elevated when TGF-β1 was low. The unbalance of TIMP-1 and MMP-9 was related to the pathology of the premature rupture of membrane. And the NF-κB singalling pathway might be an important mechanism in the regulation of TIMP-1 and MMP-9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-song Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Macones GA, Cahill A, Stamilio DM, Odibo AO. The efficacy of early amniotomy in nulliparous labor induction: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207:403.e1-5. [PMID: 22959833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess whether early amniotomy reduces the duration of labor or increases the proportion of subjects who are delivered within 24 hours in nulliparous patients who undergo labor induction. STUDY DESIGN We performed a randomized controlled trial that compared early amniotomy to standard management in nulliparous labor inductions. Inclusion criteria were nulliparity, singleton, term gestation, and a need for labor induction. Subjects were assigned randomly to early amniotomy (artificial rupture of membranes, ≤4 cm) or to standard treatment. There were 2 primary outcomes: (1) time from induction initiation to delivery and (2) the proportion of women who delivered within 24 hours. RESULTS Early amniotomy shortens the time to delivery by >2 hours (19.0 vs 21.3 hours) and increases the proportion of induced nulliparous women who deliver within 24 hours (68% vs 56%). These improvements in labor outcomes did not come at the expense of increased complications. CONCLUSION Early amniotomy is a safe and efficacious adjunct in nulliparous labor inductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Macones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates a crucial role of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in parturition. Both the maternal and fetal sides of the fetal membranes synthesize PGF2α, which exerts effects via the prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP) that is coupled to the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the inducible synthesis of prostaglandin. Although activation of PKC is known to induce COX-2 expression, it is not clear whether PGF2α can induce COX-2 via FP receptor-coupled PKC activation. COX-2 promoter carries a cAMP-response element (CRE) and phosphorylation of CRE binding protein 1 (CREB1) is associated with COX-2 expression in human amnion fibroblasts. We demonstrated that human amnion fibroblasts produced PGF2α and expressed FP receptor. PGF2α increased COX-2 expression and CREB1 phosphorylation, which could be blocked by either the FP receptor antagonist AL8810 or PKC inhibitor Ro31-7549. The PKC activator, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), could mimic the induction of COX-2 and CREB1 phosphorylation. The induction of COX-2 by PGF2α and PMA could be attenuated by the small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CREB1 expression or overexpressing dominant-negative CREB1. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the binding of CREB1 to the COX-2 promoter was increased by PGF2α and PMA in amnion fibroblasts. In conclusion, we provide evidence that PGF2α induces COX-2 expression via the FP receptor and phosphorylates CREB1 by PKC, thus increasing CREB1 binding to the COX-2 promoter and the expression of COX-2 in human amnion fibroblasts. This feed-forward loop may be crucial for the production of prostaglandins in the fetal membranes prior to the onset of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Lee HJ, Kim BI, Choi ES, Choi CW, Kim EK, Kim HS, Choi JH. Effects of postnatal dexamethasone or hydrocortisone in a rat model of antenatal lipopolysaccharide and neonatal hyperoxia exposure. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:395-401. [PMID: 22468103 PMCID: PMC3314852 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.4.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the differential effects of dexamethasone (DXM) and hydrocortisone (HCS) on somatic growth and postnatal lung development in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). A rat model of BPD was induced by administering intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and postnatal hyperoxia. The rats were treated with a 6-day (D1-D6) tapering course of DXM (starting dose 0.5 mg/kg/day), HCS (starting dose 2 mg/kg/day), or an equivalent volume of normal saline. DXM treatment in a rat model of BPD induced by LPS and hyperoxia was also associated with a more profound weight loss compared to control and LPS + O(2) groups not exposed to corticosteroid, whereas HCS treatment affected body weight only slightly. Examination of lung morphology showed worse mean cord length in both LPS + O(2) + DXM and LPS + O(2) + HCS groups as compared to the LPS + O(2) alone group, and the LPS + O(2) + DXM group had thicker alveolar walls than the LPS + O(2) group at day 14. The HCS treatment was not significantly associated with aberrant alveolar wall thickening and retarded somatic growth. The use of postnatal DXM or HCS in a rat model of BPD induced by intra-amniotic LPS and postnatal hyperoxia appeared detrimental to lung growth, but there was less effect in the case of HCS. These findings suggest that effect of HCS on somatic growth and pulmonary outcome may be better tolerated in neonates for preventing and/or treating BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beyong Il Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eung Sang Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ee-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Suk Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mitchell C, Johnson R, Bisits A, Hirst J, Zakar T. PTGS2 (prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2) expression in term human amnion in vivo involves rapid mRNA turnover, polymerase-II 5'-pausing, and glucocorticoid transrepression. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2113-22. [PMID: 21385935 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo role of glucocorticoids in controlling prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) expression in the human amnion is unclear despite extensive studies using in vitro models. We addressed this issue by determining PTGS2 mRNA levels and gene transcriptional activity, RNA polymerase-II (pol-II) binding, pol-II C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation, histone acetylation, and histone methylation at the PTGS2 gene in fresh amnion and in amnion explants incubated with dexamethasone for 24 h after delivery, when adaptation from in vivo to in vitro conditions occurred. PTGS2 mRNA turnover changed during incubation involving the initial rapid decrease and subsequent rebound of the transcription rate and stabilization of mRNA. pol-II accumulated in the 5'-region of the gene, which indicated postinitiation pausing. pol-II binding, 5'-accumulation, C-terminal domain Ser-5 and Ser-2 phosphorylation, and histone acetylation decreased rapidly and did not reverse during the transcriptional rebound, suggesting that the transcriptional mechanism altered in vitro. Dexamethasone decreased PTGS2 gene activity and mRNA levels. Glucocorticoid receptor-α (GRα) was bound to the PTGS2 promoter but did not affect pol-II recruitment, pausing, or the epigenetic marks. GRα binding, however, decreased initiating (Ser-5) and elongating (Ser-2) pol-II phosphorylation. The ability of the PTGS2 promoter to bind GRα in response to dexamethasone diminished during incubation. We conclude that PTGS2 mRNA turnover is accelerated in vivo, but the underlying mechanisms are not sustained beyond 24 h in explants. Glucocorticoids chronically transrepress PTGS2 gene activity in vivo in part by interfering with transcription initiation and elongation. Glucocorticoid transrepression of PTGS2 may be important for pregnancy maintenance and the timing of parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Mitchell
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
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Kobayashi K, Miwa H, Yasui M. Progesterone maintains amniotic tight junctions during midpregnancy in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 337:36-42. [PMID: 21291956 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The amniotic epithelium is in direct contact with the amniotic fluid and restricts fluid flux via the paracellular pathway by means of tight junctions (TJs). Several factors affect TJs to modulate the paracellular flux. Progesterone contributes to the antenatal formation and disappearance of TJs in uterine and mammary epithelial tissues. In this study, we investigated whether progesterone positively or negatively influences amniotic TJs. The administration of RU-486, a progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist, into pregnant mice adversely affects the localization and expression of claudin-3 and claudin-4 in the amniotic epithelium. RU-486 administration also increased the permeability of the amniotic membrane. In organ-cultured amniotic membranes, progesterone induced increases in claudin-3 and claudin-4 expression in a dose-dependent manner but did not influence their localization. PRs were also present in the amniotic epithelium during midpregnancy but they disappeared during late pregnancy. These results indicate that the progesterone/PR pathway maintains TJs in the amniotic epithelium during midpregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Bilic G, Brubaker C, Messersmith PB, Mallik AS, Quinn TM, Haller C, Done E, Gucciardo L, Zeisberger SM, Zimmermann R, Deprest J, Zisch AH. Injectable candidate sealants for fetal membrane repair: bonding and toxicity in vitro. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202:85.e1-9. [PMID: 20096254 PMCID: PMC2837921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to test injectable surgical sealants that are biocompatible with fetal membranes and that are to be used eventually for the closure of iatrogenic membrane defects. STUDY DESIGN Dermabond (Ethicon Inc, Norderstedt, Germany), Histoacryl (B. Braun GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany), and Tissucol (Baxter AG, Volketwil, Switzerland) fibrin glue, and 3 types of in situ forming poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer hydrogels were tested for acute toxicity on direct contact with fetal membranes for 24 hours. For the determination of elution toxicity, extracts of sealants were incubated on amnion cell cultures for 72 hours. Bonding and toxicity was assessed through morphologic and/or biochemical analysis. RESULTS Extracts of all adhesives were nontoxic for cultured cells. However, only Tissucol and 1 type of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel, which is a mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive, showed efficient, nondisruptive, nontoxic bonding to fetal membranes. Mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive that was applied over membrane defects that were created with a 3.5-mm trocar accomplished leak-proof closure that withstood membrane stretch in an in vitro model. CONCLUSION A synthetic hydrogel-type tissue adhesive that merits further evaluation in vivo emerged as a potential sealing modality for iatrogenic membrane defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grozdana Bilic
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carrie Brubaker
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Phillip B. Messersmith
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajit S. Mallik
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Quinn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claudia Haller
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Done
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals K.U. Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Gucciardo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals K.U. Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals K.U. Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas H. Zisch
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland
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Xing ML, Wang XF, Zhu X, Zhou XD, Xu LH. Morphological and biochemical changes associated with apoptosis induced by okadaic acid in human amniotic FL cells. Environ Toxicol 2009; 24:437-445. [PMID: 18937299 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The marine toxin okadaic acid (OA) is an apoptosis inducer and a tumor promoter. During recent years, extensive studies have demonstrated that OA can induce apoptosis in a wide variety of cell types. In contrast to the relatively longer incubation time or higher treatment concentrations of OA in apoptosis shown previously, relatively lower concentrations (<or=100 nM) and shorter time (4 h) were designed in the current study to observe the toxic effects of OA in human amniotic cells (FL cells). The present study was undertaken to determine the morphological and biochemical changes of FL cells induced by OA. Results indicated that externalization of phosphatidylserine, cytoskeletal disruption, DNA strand breaks and decrease of Bcl-2 protein expression levels as well as increase of PP2A-A subunit protein were all involved in the apoptosis of FL cells induced by OA. This work not only provided further evidence of apoptosis induced by OA but also suggested that PP2A might play a pivotal role in apoptosis induced by protein phosphatases inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-luan Xing
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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35
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Boĭko OV, Manukhin BN. [The significance of extracellular Ca2+ in contractile responses in chick amnion]. Ontogenez 2009; 40:254-260. [PMID: 19705756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter receptors are formed during chick embryo development in the amnion, an avascular extraembryonic membrane devoid of innervation. Carbachol induces phasic and tonic contractions mediated by M3 cholinoceptors in an amniotic membrane strip isolated from 11-14-day-old chick embryo. The carbachol effect on the amnion contractile activity was studied in normal physiological salt solution, during depolarization by K+, exposure to nifedipine, and in calcium-free medium. Voltage-dependent and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels as well as calcium from intracellular stores are involved in the contractile response to carbachol. Phasic contractions of the amnion are mainly induced by calcium ions entering through voltage-dependent calcium channels, while tonic contractions are also maintained by receptor-operated channels. Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels can serve as a negative feedback factor in regulation of the amnion contractile responses.
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Patel P, Vatish M, Heptinstall J, Wang R, Carson RJ. The endogenous production of hydrogen sulphide in intrauterine tissues. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:10. [PMID: 19200371 PMCID: PMC2642832 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulphide is a gas signalling molecule which is produced endogenously from L-cysteine via the enzymes cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE). The possible role of hydrogen sulphide in reproduction has not yet been fully investigated. It has been previously demonstrated that hydrogen sulphide relaxes uterine smooth muscle in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate the endogenous production of hydrogen sulphide in rat and human intrauterine tissues in vitro. METHODS The production of hydrogen sulphide in rat and human intrauterine tissues was measured in vitro using a standard technique. The expression of CBS and CSE was also investigated in rat and human intrauterine tissues via Western blotting. Furthermore, the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and low oxygen conditions on the production rates of hydrogen sulphide were investigated. RESULTS The order of hydrogen sulphide production rates (mean +/- SD, n = 4) for rat tissues were: liver (777 +/- 163 nM/min/g) > uterus (168 +/- 100 nM/min/g) > fetal membranes (22.3 +/- 15.0 nM/min/g) > placenta (11.1 +/- 4.7 nM/min/g), compared to human placenta (200 +/- 102 nM/min/g). NO significantly increased hydrogen sulphide production in rat fetal membranes (P < 0.05). Under low oxygen conditions the production of hydrogen sulphide was significantly elevated in human placenta, rat liver, uterus and fetal membranes (P < 0.05). Western blotting (n = 4) detected the expression of CBS and CSE in all rat intrauterine tissues, and in human placenta, myometrium, amnion and chorion. CONCLUSION Rat and human intrauterine tissues produce hydrogen sulphide in vitro possibly via CBS and CSE enzymes. NO increased the production of hydrogen sulphide in rat fetal membranes. The augmentation of hydrogen sulphide production in human intrauterine tissues in a low oxygen environment could have a role in pathophysiology of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Patel
- College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ray J Carson
- Dept of Medical & Social Care Education, School of Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Li L, Qi HB. [Relationship between cyclic adenosine monophosphate and aquaporin 8 expression and distribution in human amnion-derived cells]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2008; 43:685-689. [PMID: 19087520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate on aquaporin 8 (AQP8) expression and distribution in human amnion-derived WISH cells. METHODS Human amnion-derived WISH cells were cultured. The cells were divided into control group and study group at random. The study group was established by exposure to various concentrations of 8-Br-cAMP. Western analysis was used to quantify AQP8 expression levels. RT-PCR was used to quantify AQP8 mRNA expression levels. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the localization of AQP8 in WISH cells. RESULTS With increase of cAMP, AQP8 mRNA and protein expressions significantly increased in WISH cells in vitro. When the concentration of cAMP reached 200 micromol/L, AQP8 mRNA and protein expressions were highest. Incubation with cAMP (200 micromol/L) for 2 hours resulted in a 2-fold increase in AQP8 mRNA level, and incubation for 8 hours resulted in a peak. After incubation for 16 hours AQP8 mRNA level began to descend, and after 24 hours it decreased to baseline. Incubation with cAMP for 8 hours AQP8 protein level began to increase. Incubation for 24 hours resulted in a peak in AQP8 protein level, and after incubation for 48 hours it began to decline. By immunofluorescence microscopy after incubation with cAMP (200 micromol/L) cells, AQP8 labeling in plasma membrane was enhanced and intracellular AQP8 labeling was decreased. CONCLUSION The cAMP triggers translocation of AQP8 from cytosol to the plasma membrane via vesicle-transporting related protein instead of AQP8 itself. cAMP may upregulate the transcription of target gene protein kinase A. The cAMP may be the critical regulatory medium of AQP8 in WISH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Abstract
Stimulation of the surfactant production in foetal lung cells by thyroxine has been shown in experiments on animals. In humans, too, thyroxine instilled intra-amnially should increase lung maturity. Therefore, amniotic fluid samples were taken from 22 women before the 35th week of gestation before instilling 500 micrograms levothyroxine and then during labour, and blood samples were taken half an hour and also 24 hours after instillation of thyroxine into the amniotic fluid and during labour. The concentration of thyroxine, triiodinethyronine and reversed triiodinethyronine were measured radioimmunologically in the amniotic fluid samples and blood samples, and the lecithin concentration was also determined enzymatically in the amniotic fluid samples. The occurrence of cases of membrane syndrome in the examined group, and the foetal heart rate were subsequently determined after thyroxine had been administered. The results showed that the foetus resorbed the thyroxine administered intra-amnially and--in a manner typical of foetal metabolism--converted it by preference to rT3. The thyroxine dosage leads to only a temporary increase in foetal thyroid gland hormones. The thyroxine given intra-amnially is not absorbed in considerable amounts by the mother. The lecithin content of the amniotic fluid was significantly increased after a dose of thyroxine, possibly a reversible increase. The membrane syndrome rate laid below the expected number; in 5 of the 22 cases a foetal tachycardia was observed about 2 days after thyroxine administration.
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de Melo GB, Gomes JAP, da Glória MA, Martins MC, Haapalainen EF. [Morphological assessment of different amniotic membrane epithelial denuding techniques]. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2008; 70:407-11. [PMID: 17768545 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27492007000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the morphological features of the amniotic membrane denuded by different techniques. METHODS Human amniotic membrane was collected at the time of delivery, fixed in increasing concentrations of glycerol (0-50% in DMEM) and preserved at -80 degrees C until the time of use. The study consisted of 4 groups: intact epithelium (control) and denuded by trypsin (2 mg/mL at 1:250), dispase (1.2 U/mL in Mg2+ and Ca2+ free Hank's balanced salt solution) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.02%. Specimens were submitted to electron (scanning and transmission) microscopy analysis. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy disclosed intact epithelium in the control group and its absence in the amniotic membranes denuded by trypsin and dispase. In those denuded by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid there were areas with and without epithelium. When assessed by transmission electron microscopy, the epithelium was intact and firmly adhered to the basement membrane by hemidesmossomes in controls and in parts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid group. There were only collagen fibers in the dispase- and trypsin-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Trypsin and dispase treatment of the amniotic membrane may cause complete denuding of the epithelium and basement membrane whereas ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid may leave some intact epithelium-areas and partially destroy the basement membrane in others.
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Garcia-Lopez G, Vadillo-Ortega F, Merchant-Larios H, Maida-Claros R, Osorio M, Soriano-Becerril D, Flores-Herrera H, Beltran-Montoya J, Garfias-Becerra Y, Zaga-Clavellina V. Evidence of in vitro differential secretion of 72 and 92 kDa type IV collagenases after selective exposure to lipopolysaccharide in human fetal membranes. Mol Hum Reprod 2007; 13:409-18. [PMID: 17449536 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gam025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature rupture of chorioamniotic membranes complicated with intrauterine infection has been associated to degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which could explain local morphological changes. We used a culture system in which the chorioamniotic membranes form two independent chambers, allowing for the selective stimulation of either the amnion (AMN) and/or the choriodecidua (CHD) regions. Lipopolysaccharide (500 ng/ml) was added to the AMN and/or the CHD; secretions and gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were measured in both compartments by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and zymography. Secretions of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-4 were measured by ELISA. Both metalloproteinases were immunolocalized in tissue sections. All stimulation modalities induced a similar proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 secretion pattern in the CHD with concentrations of 2.49 ng/ml and 90.91 pg/ml, respectively; the AMN showed no significant changes. The active forms of both enzymes did not change with any stimulation modality. TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-4 secretions remained without significant changes (P = 0.41). ECM degradation and structural disarrangement were evident after stimulation. Secretion of proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 mainly in the CHD, presence of active forms associated to the tissue and minor changes in TIMPs secretion could favor ECM degradation and explain the weakening and thinning associated with the pathological rupture of chorioamniotic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Garcia-Lopez
- Direction of Research, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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Mohan AR, Sooranna SR, Lindstrom TM, Johnson MR, Bennett PR. The effect of mechanical stretch on cyclooxygenase type 2 expression and activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB activity in human amnion cells. Endocrinology 2007; 148:1850-7. [PMID: 17218407 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stretch of the uterus plays a role in parturition. Uterine stretch also leads to stretch of the fetal membranes, including the amnion, an important source of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We tested the hypothesis that stretch of the amnion leads to increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis and investigated the mechanisms involved. We obtained amnion from women undergoing term elective cesarean section and isolated amnion epithelial cells. These cells were subjected to 11% static stretch. Stretch increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. EMSA studies showed that stretch increased both activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA binding at 1 and 6 h. In contrast, IL-1beta increased both AP-1 and NF-kappaB DNA binding at 1 h only. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies confirmed that stretch increased binding of NF-kappaB to the COX-2 promoter in vivo. Stretch had no effect on inhibitory-kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) levels at the early time points but caused a decrease at 4 h. IL-1beta stimulation decreased IkappaBalpha levels after 30 min. MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, inhibited only the second stretch-induced increase in NF-kappaB binding. This suggests that stretch initially activates NF-kappaB via a nonclassical pathway, which does not involve the inhibitory-kappa kinase-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha. The second peak of NF-kappaB activation may be mediated by the classical mechanism. Stretch of the amnion may contribute to increased expression of COX-2- and other AP-1- and NF-kappaB-regulated genes with the onset of labor in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi R Mohan
- Imperial College London, Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom.
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Kendal CE, Bryant-Greenwood GD. Pre-B-cell Colony-enhancing Factor (PBEF/Visfatin) Gene Expression is Modulated by NF-κB and AP-1 in Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells. Placenta 2007; 28:305-14. [PMID: 16701870 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A localized intrauterine inflammatory response is often associated with the initiation of normal human parturition, whereas infection causes a similar but more florid response initiating preterm labor. Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) is expressed in the human fetal membranes and is up-regulated by labor, severe infection and inflammatory stimuli. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 in the response of PBEF to an inflammatory stimulus and compare it with IL-8. The results showed that this treatment of amniotic epithelial-like cells (WISH) and primary amniotic epithelial cells increased expression of PBEF and IL-8, but IL-8 responded 100-fold more than PBEF. IL-1beta treatment together with a panel of NF-kappaB and AP-1 inhibitors demonstrated the involvement of these transcription factors in the up-regulation of PBEF. These data show that an inflammatory stimulus in the fetal membranes inducing NF-kappaB and AP-1 would up-regulate PBEF as well as IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Kendal
- Developmental and Reproductive Biology, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Biosciences Building, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Menon R, Merialdi M, Lombardi SJ, Fortunato SJ. Differences in the placental membrane cytokine response: a possible explanation for the racial disparity in preterm birth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 56:112-8. [PMID: 16836613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM The prematurity rate is higher in African-Americans (AA) compared with Caucasians (C). As spontaneous preterm labor has been hypothesized to be a host inflammatory response disease racial differences in human placental membrane inflammatory cytokine and prostaglandin pathway gene expression patterns between AA and C were examined in this report. METHOD OF STUDY Placental membranes (amniochorion) collected from AA and C women from cesareans at term were maintained in an organ explant system and stimulated with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Microarray analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on mRNAs and culture media from AA- and C-derived membranes to document any differences in mRNA expression and protein production of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and expression of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), COX-2 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH). RESULTS Increased mRNA expression of IL-1, IL-8 and COX-2 in AA and IL-6, IL-10, COX-1 and PGDH in C were documented after LPS stimulation. Concentration of IL-1 was significantly higher in media derived from AA whereas IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were higher in C with no differences observed in IL-8 after LPS stimulation compared with respective unstimulated controls. CONCLUSION These data document ethnic diversity in placental membrane immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- The Perinatal Research Center of The Women's Health Research and Education Foundation, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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Foye OT, Uni Z, Ferket PR. Effect of in ovo feeding egg white protein, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and carbohydrates on glycogen status and neonatal growth of turkeys. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1185-92. [PMID: 16830858 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.7.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovo feeding (IOF), injecting dietary components into the amnion about 1 d prior to internal pipping, may enhance growth by altering glycogen status. This hypothesis was evaluated with 5 IOF solutions containing protein, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), and carbohydrate. Four IOF treatments were arranged as a factorial of 2 levels of egg white protein (EWP; 0 and 18%) and 2 levels of HMB (0 and 0.1%). An IOF solution of carbohydrates (S; 20% dextrin and 3% maltose) was evaluated for contrast purposes. At 23 d of incubation, 1.5 mL of IOF solution was injected into the amnion of 100 eggs per treatment. At hatch, feed and water were provided ad libitum. At hatch and 3 and 7 d of age, BW were determined, and 10 poults per treatment were sampled to determine liver (LG) and pectoralis muscle (PC) glycogen content. Poults on IOF treatments A (18% EWP), B (18% EWP + HMB), and D (HMB) weighed 6.0, 2.7, and 3.3% more than the controls at hatch, respectively (P < 0.05) with an EWP x HMB interaction (P < 0.05) sustained to 3 and 7 d only in treatment D (P < 0.005). At hatch, A and D poults had greater percentages of PC (P < 0.05) than controls, and the percentage of PC in treatment D was sustained until 7 d. Total LG was enhanced by A and B at 7 d (P < 0.05) over the controls, whereas total PC glycogen was enhanced at 7 d by IOF treatment D (P < 0.05). The IOF A and S poults had greater BW than the controls at hatch only (P < 0.05). The IOF treatment A had greater LG at hatch (P < 0.05), but by 7 d, A and S had greater LG than controls (P < 0.05). Poults fed S in ovo had enhanced total PC glycogen over controls, whereas poults on treatment A had less total PC glycogen than controls (P < 0.05). The results of this experiment demonstrate that IOF of A or S poults may enhance hatch BW and glycogen status of poults during the neonatal period by inclusion of HMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- O T Foye
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if amniotic membrane incubated with antibiotics could inhibit bacterial growth in vitro. METHODS Amniotic membrane fragments were incubated with the antibiotics (netilmicin) solution; the washed and drained fragments were either tested after treatment or further incubated in antibiotic-free medium. The antibacterial activity of both amniotic membrane and elution media was carried out by the Agar diffusion method, with Staphylococcus epidermidis as indicator, measuring the inhibition zone after overnight incubation. RESULTS The amniotic membrane fragments soaked in antibiotics inhibited bacterial growth. Antibiotic uptake was dose-dependent and occurred rapidly. The drug was released from the membrane, and the antibacterial effect was present in the elution media at least 3 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary in vitro data show that amniotic membrane can absorb the antibiotic netilmicin and in the future may be used to deliver antibiotics, as reported for collagen shields and other medical prosthetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mencucci
- Department of Oto-Neuro-Opthalmological Surgical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Abe Y, Sinozaki H, Takagi T, Minegishi T, Kokame K, Kangawa K, Uesaka M, Miyamoto K. Identification of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-inducible genes in human amniotic epithelial cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006; 4:27. [PMID: 16704738 PMCID: PMC1557667 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-4-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to dioxins results in a broad range of pathophysiological disorders in human fetuses. In order to evaluate the effects of dioxins on the feto-placental tissues, we analyzed the gene expression in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) treated primary cultures of human amniotic epithelial cells. METHODS Human amniotic epithelial cells were dispersed by trypsin from amniotic membranes and cultured in DME/Ham's F12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Two weeks after plating, cells were treated with 50 nM TCDD or DMSO (control), further incubated for 48 hrs, and the gene expression was analyzed by DNA microarray technology and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Thirty eight TCDD-inducible genes, including cytochromeP4501A1 and cytochromeP4501B1, were identified. One of the remarkable profiles of the gene expression was the prominent up-regulation of interferon-inducible genes. The genes involved in the interferon gene expression and interferon signaling pathways were also up-regulated. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to collagen synthesis or degradation was enhanced by TCDD. CONCLUSION Using DNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses, we identified TCDD-inducible genes, including interferon-inducible genes and genes related to collagen synthesis or degradation, in human amniotic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Abe
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Education and Research Center of Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Sinozaki
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takagi
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Minegishi
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koichi Kokame
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Uesaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kaoru Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Zhou C, Li Z, Diao H, Yu Y, Zhu W, Dai Y, Chen FF, Yang J. DNA damage evaluated by gammaH2AX foci formation by a selective group of chemical/physical stressors. Mutat Res 2006; 604:8-18. [PMID: 16423555 PMCID: PMC2756993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the phosphorylated form of histone variant H2AX (gammaH2AX) plays an important role in the recruitment of DNA repair and checkpoint proteins to sites of DNA damage, particularly at double strand breaks (DSBs). Using gammaH2AX foci formation as an indicator for DNA damage, several chemicals/stress factors were chosen to assess their ability to induce gammaH2AX foci in a 24h time frame in a human amnion FL cell line. Two direct-acting genotoxins, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), can induce gammaH2AX foci formation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Similarly, an indirect-acting genotoxin, benzo[a]pyrene (BP), also induced the formation of gammaH2AX foci in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Another indirect genotoxin, 2-acetyl-aminofluorene (AAF), did not induce gammaH2AX foci formation in FL cells; however, AAF can induce gammaH2AX foci formation in Chinese hamster CHL cells. Neutral comet assays also revealed the induction of DNA strand breaks by these agents. In contrast, epigenetic carcinogens azathioprine and cyclosporine A, as well as non-carcinogen dimethyl sulfoxide, did not induce gammaH2AX foci formation in FL cells. In addition, heat shock and hypertonic saline did not induce gammaH2AX foci. Cell survival analyses indicated that the induction of gammaH2AX is not correlated with the cytotoxic effects of these agents/factors. Taken together, these results suggest that gammaH2AX foci formation could be used for evaluating DNA damage; however, the different cell types used may play an important role in determining gammaH2AX foci formation induced by a specific agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxian Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 353 Yan An Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310031, China
| | - Zhongxiang Li
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 353 Yan An Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310031, China
| | - Huiling Diao
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 353 Yan An Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310031, China
| | - Yanke Yu
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 353 Yan An Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310031, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 353 Yan An Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310031, China
| | - Yayun Dai
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 353 Yan An Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310031, China
| | - Fanqing F. Chen
- Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94210, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 353 Yan An Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310031, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 571 8721 7199; fax: +86 571 8721 7199. E-mail address: (J. Yang)
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Ozgen U, Ikbal M, Hacimuftuoglu A, Houghton PJ, Gocer F, Dogan H, Coskun M. Fibroblast growth stimulation by extracts and compounds of Onosma argentatum roots. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 104:100-3. [PMID: 16226418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Onosma argentatum are used traditionally in Turkey for wound healing and burns. The n-hexane-dichloromethane extract of the roots, and four shikonin derivatives (deoxyshikonin, acetyl shikonin, 3-hydroxy-isovaleryl shikonin and 5,8-O-dimethyl acetyl shikonin) isolated from the n-hexane-dichloromethane extract were investigated for their ability to stimulate the growth of human amnion fibroblasts. A range of concentrations was studied and the extract found to stimulate the growth of human amnion fibroblasts in vitro at 0.1 microg/mL whilst 5,8-O-dimethyl acetyl shikonin had the same effect at 0.05-5 microg/mL, although cytotoxicity was observed at 50 microg/mL for all samples. The extract and all the other isolated compounds showed cytotoxicity at 10 microg/mL with the extract and 3-hydroxy-isovaleryl shikonin showing cytotoxicity at 5 microg/mL. It is suggested that any wound healing effect of the roots of Onosma argentatum might be partly due to an additive effect of the shikonin derivatives present.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ozgen
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Liu G, Shang Y, Yu Y. Induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and binding of over-expressed ER specific chaperone GRP78/BiP with dimerized epidermal growth factor receptor in mammalian cells exposed to low concentration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Mutat Res 2006; 596:12-21. [PMID: 16488447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) can induce the clustering of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in human amnion FL cells. However, the biological consequence of MNNG-induced clustering is different from that of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced clustering. In addition, MNNG strongly blocks the autophosphorylation of EGFR in response to its ligand, we speculate it might be due to the altered conformation of EGFR by MNNG alkylation, or the binding of some unknown suppressive molecules to EGFR, which could lead to the down-regulation of EGFR pathway. In this study, we further demonstrated that EGFR could not be phosphorylated by EGF in lysates prepared from MNNG-pretreated cell. In addition, it was found that the clustering of EGFR induced by low concentration (<or=1 microM) of MNNG on cell surface was indeed the dimerization of EGFR; however, unlike EGF treatment, the dimerization initiated by MNNG was irreversible upon mild-acid washing. Besides, in accordance with our previous results, the recruitment of adaptor proteins Grb-2/Sos1, which play key roles in activating ensuing RAS-MAPK pathway, was also suppressed. Interestingly, we found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress participates in MNNG-induced down-regulation of EGFR signaling. It was demonstrated that the ER specific chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78/BiP) formed a stable complex with EGFR in MNNG-treated cell. However, in the presence of 1mM ATP, EGF induced phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of EGFR can be revitalized in lysates prepared from MNNG pretreated cells. We also found that MNNG can induce ER stress or unfolded protein response (UPR) which is characterized by induced expression of ER-stress response proteins, such as GRP78/BiP, GADD153/CHOP, and activation of ER-localized caspase-12. Therefore, it is concluded MNNG is also an ER stress inducer. In MNNG-exposed cells, ER stress plays an important role in the blockage of EGFR-signaling pathway by forming a stable complex of EGFR/BiP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310031, China
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Makhlouf MA, Simhan HN. Effect of tocolytics on interleukin-8 production by human amniotic and decidual cells. J Reprod Immunol 2006; 69:1-7. [PMID: 16384605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Preterm labor is associated with the release of various cytokines that play an important role in its pathophysiology. In preterm labor, tocolytics are used to inhibit uterine contractions and prolong gestation. We tested the hypothesis that tocolytics alter endotoxin-induced interleukin (IL-8) production from amniotic and decidual cells in vitro. Amniotic and decidual cells were isolated from patients undergoing elective repeat cesarean section at term. Cells were grown in tissue culture flasks. Cells were subsequently incubated with 100 ng/ml of endotoxin in 24 well plates in the presence of increasing concentrations of magnesium sulfate, nifedipine and terbutaline. After 24 h, IL-8 levels in each well were measured by ELISA. Endotoxin caused a significant elevation in IL-8 production in both amniotic and decidual cells. Magnesium sulfate dose dependently inhibited the endotoxin-stimulated IL-8 production in both decidual and amniotic cells. However, nifedipine and terbutaline did not significantly affect IL-8 production in either cell type. In conclusion, magnesium sulfate differentially suppresses endotoxin-stimulated IL-8 production in amniotic and decidual cells in vitro. The cellular mechanisms of this suppression and its clinical relevance in the setting of preterm labor merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Makhlouf
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hosptial, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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