1
|
Bonner X, Sondgeroth A, McCue A, Nicely N, Tripathy A, Spielvogel E, Moeser M, Ke R, Leiderman K, Joseph SB, Swanstrom R. Stoichiometry for entry and binding properties of the Env protein of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 and its evolutionary variant of macrophage-tropic HIV-1. mBio 2024; 15:e0032124. [PMID: 38426750 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00321-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 typically requires a high density of CD4 for efficient entry as a mechanism to target CD4+ T cells (T-tropic), with CCR5 being used most often as the coreceptor. When target T cells are limiting, the virus can evolve to infect cells with a low density of CD4 such as macrophages (M-tropic). The entry phenotype is known to be encoded in the viral Env protein on the surface of the virus particle. Using data showing a dose response for infectivity based on CD4 surface density, we built a model consistent with T-tropic viruses requiring multiple CD4 molecules to mediate infection, whereas M-tropic viruses can infect cells using a single CD4 receptor molecule interaction. We also found that T-tropic viruses bound to the surface of cells with a low density of CD4 are released more slowly than M-tropic viruses which we modeled to be due to multiple interactions of the T-tropic virus with multiple CD4 molecules to allow the initial stable binding. Finally, we found that some M-tropic Env proteins, as the gp120 subunit, possess an enhanced affinity for CD4 compared with their T-tropic pair, indicating that the evolution of macrophage tropism can be reflected both in the closed Env trimer conformation on the virion surface and, in some cases, also in the open confirmation of gp120 Env. Collectively, these studies reveal differences in the stoichiometry of interaction of T-tropic and M-tropic viruses with CD4 and start to identify the basis of binding differences at the biochemical level. IMPORTANCE Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 normally targets CD4+ T cells for viral replication. When T cells are limiting, the virus can evolve to infect myeloid cells. The evolutionary step involves a change from requiring a high surface density of CD4 for entry to being able to infect cells with a low density of CD4, as is found on myeloid lineage cells such as macrophage and microglia. Viruses able to infect macrophages efficiently are most often found in the CNS late in the disease course, and such viruses may contribute to neurocognitive impairment. Here, we examine the CD4 binding properties of the viral Env protein to explore these two different entry phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bonner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy Sondgeroth
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia McCue
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan Nicely
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ean Spielvogel
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Moeser
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruian Ke
- T-6, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Karin Leiderman
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah B Joseph
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ronald Swanstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He HS, Wei YF, Ji XY, Xu YH, Yang YQ, Jin XK. [Clinical Characteristics of CD4 -CD56 + Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2024; 32:588-594. [PMID: 38660871 DOI: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2024.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical manifestations, pathological features, immunophenotype, as well as diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with CD4-CD56+ blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), in order to further understand the rare disease. METHODS The clinical data, laboratory examinations and treatment regimens of two patients with CD4-CD56+ BPDCN in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The two patients were both elderly males with tumor involved in skin, bone marrow, lymph nodes, etc. Immunohistochemical results of skin lesions showed that both CD56 and CD123 were positive, while CD4, CD34, TdT, CD3, CD20, MPO and EBER were negative. Flow cytometry of bone marrow demonstrated that CD56, CD123, and CD304 were all positive, while specific immune markers of myeloid and lymphoid were negative. Two patients were initially very sensitive to acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphomatoid chemotherapy regimens, but prone to rapid relapse. The overall survival of both patients was 36 months and 4 months, respectively. CONCLUSION CD4-CD56+ BPDCN is very rare and easily misdiagnosed as other hematological tumors with poor prognosis. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphomatoid therapy should be used first to improve the poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He-Sheng He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China.E-mail:
| | - Yuan-Feng Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Yue Ji
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China
| | - You-Hai Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Qiong Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reifs A, Fernandez-Calvo A, Alonso-Lerma B, Schönfelder J, Franco D, Ortega-Muñoz M, Casares S, Jimenez-Lopez C, Saa L, Cortajarena AL, De Sancho D, San Sebastian E, Perez-Jimenez R. High-throughput virtual search of small molecules for controlling the mechanical stability of human CD4. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107133. [PMID: 38432632 PMCID: PMC11065764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein mechanical stability determines the function of a myriad of proteins, especially proteins from the extracellular matrix. Failure to maintain protein mechanical stability may result in diseases and disorders such as cancer, cardiomyopathies, or muscular dystrophy. Thus, developing mutation-free approaches to enhance and control the mechanical stability of proteins using pharmacology-based methods may have important implications in drug development and discovery. Here, we present the first approach that employs computational high-throughput virtual screening and molecular docking to search for small molecules in chemical libraries that function as mechano-regulators of the stability of human cluster of differentiation 4, receptor of HIV-1. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy, we prove that these small molecules can increase the mechanical stability of CD4D1D2 domains over 4-fold in addition to modifying the mechanical unfolding pathways. Our experiments demonstrate that chemical libraries are a source of mechanoactive molecules and that drug discovery approaches provide the foundation of a new type of molecular function, that is, mechano-regulation, paving the way toward mechanopharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Reifs
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alba Fernandez-Calvo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Borja Alonso-Lerma
- Center for Cooperative Research in Nanoscience (CIC nanoGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sabestian, Spain
| | - Jörg Schönfelder
- Center for Cooperative Research in Nanoscience (CIC nanoGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sabestian, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Ortega-Muñoz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Casares
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Laura Saa
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David De Sancho
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Chemistry, Applied Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eider San Sebastian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Applied Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Raul Perez-Jimenez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biswas S, Kuwata T, Yamauchi S, Okazaki K, Kaku Y, Hasan MZ, Morioka H, Matsushita S. Idiotopes of antibodies against HIV-1 CD4-induced epitope shared with those against microorganisms. Immunology 2024; 171:534-548. [PMID: 38102962 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of antibodies (Abs) against the conformational CD4-induced (CD4i) epitope is frequent in HIV-1 infection. However, the mechanism of development of anti-CD4i Abs is unclear. We used anti-idiotypic (aID) monoclonal Abs (mAbs) of anti-CD4i mAbs to isolate anti-CD4i mAbs from infected subjects and track the causative antigens. One anti-aID mAb sorted from infected subjects by aID mAbs had the characteristics of anti-CD4i Abs, including IGHV1-69 usage and ability to bind to HIV-1 Env enhanced by sCD4. Critical amino acid sequences for the binding of six anti-aID mAbs, with shared idiotope to anti-CD4i mAbs, were analysed by phage display. The identified amino acid sequences showed similarity to proteins from human microbiota and infectious agents. Peptides synthesized from Caudoviricetes sp and Vibrio vulnificus based on the identified sequences were reactive to most anti-aID and some anti-CD4i mAbs. These results suggest that anti-CD4i Abs may evolve from B cells primed by microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashwata Biswas
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Kuwata
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yamauchi
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kyo Okazaki
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Kaku
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Md Zahid Hasan
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morioka
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sabzian-Molaei F, Ahmadi MA, Nikfarjam Z, Sabzian-Molaei M. Inactivation of cell-free HIV-1 by designing potent peptides based on mutations in the CD4 binding site. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:423-436. [PMID: 37889430 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major global health problem, with over 38 million people infected worldwide. Current anti-HIV-1 drugs are limited in their ability to prevent the virus from replicating inside host cells, making them less effective as preventive measures. In contrast, viral inhibitors that inactivate the virus before it can bind to a host cell have great potential as drugs. In this study, we aimed to design mutant peptides that could block the interaction between gp120 and the CD4 receptor on host cells, thus preventing HIV-1 infection. We designed a 20-amino-acid peptide that mimicked the amino acids of the CD4 binding site and docked it to gp120. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to calculate the energy of MMPBSA (Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area) for each residue of the peptide, and unfavorable energy residues were identified as potential mutation points. Using MAESTRO (Multi AgEnt STability pRedictiOn), we measured ΔΔG (change in the change in Gibbs free energy) for mutations and generated a library of 240 mutated peptides using OSPREY software. The peptides were then screened for allergenicity and binding affinity. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations (via GROMACS 2020.2) and control docking (via HADDOCK 2.4) were used to evaluate the ability of four selected peptides to inhibit HIV-1 infection. Three peptides, P3 (AHRQIRQWFLTRGPNRSLWQ), P4 (VHRQIRQWFLTRGPNRSLWQ), and P9 (AHRQIRQMFLTRGPNRSLWQ), showed practical and potential as HIV inhibitors, based on their binding affinity and ability to inhibit infection. These peptides have the ability to inactivate the virus before it can bind to a host cell, thus representing a promising approach to HIV-1 prevention. Our findings suggest that mutant peptides designed to block the interaction between gp120 and the CD4 receptor have potential as HIV-1 inhibitors. These peptides could be used as preventive measures against HIV-1 transmission, and further research is needed to evaluate their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Amin Ahmadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Zahra Nikfarjam
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Mohammad Sabzian-Molaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dezfulian MH, Kula T, Pranzatelli T, Kamitaki N, Meng Q, Khatri B, Perez P, Xu Q, Chang A, Kohlgruber AC, Leng Y, Jupudi AA, Joachims ML, Chiorini JA, Lessard CJ, Darise Farris A, Muthuswamy SK, Warner BM, Elledge SJ. TScan-II: A genome-scale platform for the de novo identification of CD4 + T cell epitopes. Cell 2023; 186:5569-5586.e21. [PMID: 38016469 PMCID: PMC10841602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play fundamental roles in orchestrating immune responses and tissue homeostasis. However, our inability to associate peptide human leukocyte antigen class-II (HLA-II) complexes with their cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) in an unbiased manner has hampered our understanding of CD4+ T cell function and role in pathologies. Here, we introduce TScan-II, a highly sensitive genome-scale CD4+ antigen discovery platform. This platform seamlessly integrates the endogenous HLA-II antigen-processing machinery in synthetic antigen-presenting cells and TCR signaling in T cells, enabling the simultaneous screening of multiple HLAs and TCRs. Leveraging genome-scale human, virome, and epitope mutagenesis libraries, TScan-II facilitates de novo antigen discovery and deep exploration of TCR specificity. We demonstrate TScan-II's potential for basic and translational research by identifying a non-canonical antigen for a cancer-reactive CD4+ T cell clone. Additionally, we identified two antigens for clonally expanded CD4+ T cells in Sjögren's disease, which bind distinct HLAs and are expressed in HLA-II-positive ductal cells within affected salivary glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Dezfulian
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomasz Kula
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Pranzatelli
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nolan Kamitaki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingda Meng
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bhuwan Khatri
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Paola Perez
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qikai Xu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayano C Kohlgruber
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yumei Leng
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ananth Aditya Jupudi
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Departmentment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michelle L Joachims
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - John A Chiorini
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Departmentment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake M Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anang S, Zhang S, Fritschi C, Chiu TJ, Yang D, Smith III AB, Madani N, Sodroski J. V3 tip determinants of susceptibility to inhibition by CD4-mimetic compounds in natural clade A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins. J Virol 2023; 97:e0117123. [PMID: 37888980 PMCID: PMC10688366 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01171-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mcs) are small-molecule inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry into host cells. CD4mcs target a pocket on the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike that is used for binding to the receptor, CD4, and is highly conserved among HIV-1 strains. Nonetheless, naturally occurring HIV-1 strains exhibit a wide range of sensitivities to CD4mcs. Our study identifies changes distant from the binding pocket that can influence the susceptibility of natural HIV-1 strains to the antiviral effects of multiple CD4mcs. We relate the antiviral potency of the CD4mc against this panel of HIV-1 variants to the ability of the CD4mc to activate entry-related changes in Env conformation prematurely. These findings will guide efforts to improve the potency and breadth of CD4mcs against natural HIV-1 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Anang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Fritschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ta-Jung Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amos B. Smith III
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Navid Madani
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gharaie S, Lee K, Noller K, Lo EK, Miller B, Jung HJ, Newman-Rivera AM, Kurzhagen JT, Singla N, Welling PA, Fan J, Cahan P, Noel S, Rabb H. Single cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis of kidney double negative T lymphocytes in normal and ischemic mouse kidneys. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20888. [PMID: 38017015 PMCID: PMC10684868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are important in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI), and TCR+CD4-CD8- (double negative-DN) are T cells that have regulatory properties. However, there is limited information on DN T cells compared to traditional CD4+ and CD8+ cells. To elucidate the molecular signature and spatial dynamics of DN T cells during AKI, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on sorted murine DN, CD4+, and CD8+ cells combined with spatial transcriptomic profiling of normal and post AKI mouse kidneys. scRNA-seq revealed distinct transcriptional profiles for DN, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells of mouse kidneys with enrichment of Kcnq5, Klrb1c, Fcer1g, and Klre1 expression in DN T cells compared to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in normal kidney tissue. We validated the expression of these four genes in mouse kidney DN, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using RT-PCR and Kcnq5, Klrb1, and Fcer1g genes with the NIH human kidney precision medicine project (KPMP). Spatial transcriptomics in normal and ischemic mouse kidney tissue showed a localized cluster of T cells in the outer medulla expressing DN T cell genes including Fcer1g. These results provide a template for future studies in DN T as well as CD4+ and CD8+ cells in normal and diseased kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Gharaie
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Ross 965, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Ross 965, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kathleen Noller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Emily K Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Brendan Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hyun Jun Jung
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Ross 965, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrea M Newman-Rivera
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Ross 965, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Johanna T Kurzhagen
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Ross 965, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nirmish Singla
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Paul A Welling
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Ross 965, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jean Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sanjeev Noel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Ross 965, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Ross 965, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li W, Qin Z, Nand E, Grunst MW, Grover JR, Bess JW, Lifson JD, Zwick MB, Tagare HD, Uchil PD, Mothes W. HIV-1 Env trimers asymmetrically engage CD4 receptors in membranes. Nature 2023; 623:1026-1033. [PMID: 37993716 PMCID: PMC10686830 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is initiated by binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) to the cell-surface receptor CD41-4. Although high-resolution structures of Env in a complex with the soluble domains of CD4 have been determined, the binding process is less understood in native membranes5-13. Here we used cryo-electron tomography to monitor Env-CD4 interactions at the membrane-membrane interfaces formed between HIV-1 and CD4-presenting virus-like particles. Env-CD4 complexes organized into clusters and rings, bringing the opposing membranes closer together. Env-CD4 clustering was dependent on capsid maturation. Subtomogram averaging and classification revealed that Env bound to one, two and finally three CD4 molecules, after which Env adopted an open state. Our data indicate that asymmetric HIV-1 Env trimers bound to one and two CD4 molecules are detectable intermediates during virus binding to host cell membranes, which probably has consequences for antibody-mediated immune responses and vaccine immunogen design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Li
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Zhuan Qin
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nand
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael W Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan R Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julian W Bess
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael B Zwick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hemant D Tagare
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope (Env) exhibits distinct conformational changes in response to host receptor (CD4) engagement. Env, a trimer of gp120 and gp41 heterodimers, has been structurally characterized in a closed, prefusion conformation with closely associated gp120s and coreceptor binding sites on gp120 V3 hidden by V1V2 loops1-4 and in fully saturated CD4-bound open Env conformations with changes including outwardly rotated gp120s and displaced V1V2 loops3-9. To investigate changes resulting from substoichiometric CD4 binding, we solved single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of soluble, native-like heterotrimeric Envs bound to one or two CD4 molecules. Most of the Env trimers bound to one CD4 adopted the closed, prefusion Env state, with a minority exhibiting a heterogeneous partially open Env conformation. When bound to two CD4s, the CD4-bound gp120s exhibited an open Env conformation including a four-stranded gp120 bridging sheet and displaced gp120 V1V2 loops that expose the coreceptor sites on V3. The third gp120 adopted an intermediate, occluded-open state10 that showed gp120 outward rotation but maintained the prefusion three-stranded gp120 bridging sheet with only partial V1V2 displacement and V3 exposure. We conclude that most of the engagements with one CD4 molecule were insufficient to stimulate CD4-induced conformational changes, whereas binding two CD4 molecules led to Env opening in CD4-bound protomers only. The substoichiometric CD4-bound soluble Env heterotrimer structures resembled counterparts derived from a cryo-electron tomography study of complexes between virion-bound Envs and membrane-anchored CD4 (ref. 11), validating their physiological relevance. Together, these results illuminate intermediate conformations of HIV-1 Env and illustrate its structural plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Marie A Dam
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Chengcheng Fan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zhi Yang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pichler WJ, Thoo L, Yerly D. Drug hypersensitivity and eosinophilia: The decisive role of p-i stimulation. Allergy 2023; 78:2596-2605. [PMID: 37395496 DOI: 10.1111/all.15795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilia is a common finding in drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR). Its cause is unclear, as neither antigen/allergen-driven inflammation nor clonal expansion is involved. Most delayed-DHRs are due to p-i (pharmacologic interaction of drugs with immune receptors). These are off-target activities of drugs with immune receptors that result in various types of T-cell stimulation, some of which involve excessive IL-5 production. Functional and phenotypic studies of T-cell clones and their TCR-transfected hybridoma cell lines revealed that some p-i-induced drug stimulations occur without CD4/ CD8 co-receptor engagement. The CD4/CD8 co-receptors link Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase) and LAT (linker for activation of T cells) to the TCR. Alteration of Lck or LAT can result in a TCR signalosome with enhanced IL-5 production. Thus, if a more affine TCR-[drug/peptide/HLA] interaction allows bypassing the CD4 co-receptor, a modified Lck/LAT activation may lead to a TCR signalosome with elevated IL-5 production. This "IL-5-TCR-signalosome" hypothesis could also explain eosinophilia in superantigen or allo-stimulation (graft-versus-host disease), in which evasion of CD4/CD8 co-receptors has also been described. It may open new therapeutic possibilities in certain eosinophilic diseases by directly targeting the IL-5-TCR signalosome.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bruce JW, Park E, Magnano C, Horswill M, Richards A, Potts G, Hebert A, Islam N, Coon JJ, Gitter A, Sherer N, Ahlquist P. HIV-1 virological synapse formation enhances infection spread by dysregulating Aurora Kinase B. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011492. [PMID: 37459363 PMCID: PMC10374047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 spreads efficiently through direct cell-to-cell transmission at virological synapses (VSs) formed by interactions between HIV-1 envelope proteins (Env) on the surface of infected cells and CD4 receptors on uninfected target cells. Env-CD4 interactions bring the infected and uninfected cellular membranes into close proximity and induce transport of viral and cellular factors to the VS for efficient virion assembly and HIV-1 transmission. Using novel, cell-specific stable isotope labeling and quantitative mass spectrometric proteomics, we identified extensive changes in the levels and phosphorylation states of proteins in HIV-1 infected producer cells upon mixing with CD4+ target cells under conditions inducing VS formation. These coculture-induced alterations involved multiple cellular pathways including transcription, TCR signaling and, unexpectedly, cell cycle regulation, and were dominated by Env-dependent responses. We confirmed the proteomic results using inhibitors targeting regulatory kinases and phosphatases in selected pathways identified by our proteomic analysis. Strikingly, inhibiting the key mitotic regulator Aurora kinase B (AURKB) in HIV-1 infected cells significantly increased HIV activity in cell-to-cell fusion and transmission but had little effect on cell-free infection. Consistent with this, we found that AURKB regulates the fusogenic activity of HIV-1 Env. In the Jurkat T cell line and primary T cells, HIV-1 Env:CD4 interaction also dramatically induced cell cycle-independent AURKB relocalization to the centromere, and this signaling required the long (150 aa) cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (CTD) of Env. These results imply that cytoplasmic/plasma membrane AURKB restricts HIV-1 envelope fusion, and that this restriction is overcome by Env CTD-induced AURKB relocalization. Taken together, our data reveal a new signaling pathway regulating HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission and potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention through targeting the Env CTD and AURKB activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W. Bruce
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eunju Park
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chris Magnano
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark Horswill
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alicia Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gregory Potts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexander Hebert
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nafisah Islam
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anthony Gitter
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nathan Sherer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paul Ahlquist
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boutin M, Medjahed H, Nayrac M, Lotke R, Gendron-Lepage G, Bourassa C, Sauter D, Richard J, Finzi A. Temsavir Modulates HIV-1 Envelope Conformation by Decreasing Its Proteolytic Cleavage. Viruses 2023; 15:1189. [PMID: 37243275 PMCID: PMC10221371 DOI: 10.3390/v15051189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) mediate viral entry and represent a target of choice for small molecule inhibitors. One of them, temsavir (BMS-626529) prevents the interaction of the host cell receptor CD4 with Env by binding the pocket under the β20-β21 loop of the Env subunit gp120. Along with its capacity to prevent viral entry, temsavir stabilizes Env in its "closed" conformation. We recently reported that temsavir affects glycosylation, proteolytic processing, and overall conformation of Env. Here, we extend these results to a panel of primary Envs and infectious molecular clones (IMCs), where we observe a heterogeneous impact on Env cleavage and conformation. Our results suggest that the effect of temsavir on Env conformation is associated with its capacity to decrease Env processing. Indeed, we found that the effect of temsavir on Env processing affects the recognition of HIV-1-infected cells by broadly neutralizing antibodies and correlates with their capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Halima Medjahed
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Manon Nayrac
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rishikesh Lotke
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (M.N.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ding S, Tolbert WD, Zhu H, Lee D, Marchitto L, Higgins T, Zhao X, Nguyen D, Sherburn R, Richard J, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Mohammadi M, Abrams C, Pazgier M, Smith AB, Finzi A. Piperidine CD4-Mimetic Compounds Expose Vulnerable Env Epitopes Sensitizing HIV-1-Infected Cells to ADCC. Viruses 2023; 15:1185. [PMID: 37243271 PMCID: PMC10220648 DOI: 10.3390/v15051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the HIV-1 accessory proteins Nef and Vpu to decrease CD4 levels contributes to the protection of infected cells from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by preventing the exposure of Env vulnerable epitopes. Small-molecule CD4 mimetics (CD4mc) based on the indane and piperidine scaffolds such as (+)-BNM-III-170 and (S)-MCG-IV-210 sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC by exposing CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes recognized by non-neutralizing antibodies that are abundantly present in plasma from people living with HIV. Here, we characterize a new family of CD4mc, (S)-MCG-IV-210 derivatives, based on the piperidine scaffold which engages the gp120 within the Phe43 cavity by targeting the highly conserved Asp368 Env residue. We utilized structure-based approaches and developed a series of piperidine analogs with improved activity to inhibit the infection of difficult-to-neutralize tier-2 viruses and sensitize infected cells to ADCC mediated by HIV+ plasma. Moreover, the new analogs formed an H-bond with the α-carboxylic acid group of Asp368, opening a new avenue to enlarge the breadth of this family of anti-Env small molecules. Overall, the new structural and biological attributes of these molecules make them good candidates for strategies aimed at the elimination of HIV-1-infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA (D.N.)
| | - Huile Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Tyler Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA (D.N.)
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA (D.N.)
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | | | - Mohammadjavad Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cameron Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA (D.N.)
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Imran S, Neeland MR, Martino DJ, Peng S, Koplin J, Dharmage SC, Tang MLK, Sawyer S, Dang T, McWilliam V, Peters RL, Prescott S, Perrett KP, Novakovic B, Saffery R. Epigenomic variability is associated with age-specific naïve CD4 T cell response to activation in infants and adolescents. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:397-411. [PMID: 36760028 PMCID: PMC10952707 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Childhood is a critical period of immune development. During this time, naïve CD4 (nCD4) T cells undergo programmed cell differentiation, mediated by epigenetic changes, in response to external stimuli leading to a baseline homeostatic state that may determine lifelong disease risk. However, the ontogeny of epigenetic signatures associated with CD4 T cell activation during key developmental periods are yet to be described. We investigated genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) changes associated with nCD4 T activation following 72 h culture in media+anti-CD3/CD28 beads in healthy infants (aged 12 months, n = 18) and adolescents (aged 10-15 years, n = 15). We integrated these data with transcriptomic and cytokine profiling from the same samples. nCD4 T cells from both age groups show similar extensive epigenetic reprogramming following activation, with the majority of genes involved in the T cell receptor signaling pathway associated with differential methylation. Additionally, we identified differentially methylated probes showing age-specific responses, that is, responses in only infants or adolescents, including within a cluster of T cell receptor (TCR) genes. These encoded several TCR alpha joining (TRAJ), and TCR alpha variable (TRAV) genes. Cytokine data analysis following stimulation revealed enhanced release of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10, in nCD4 T cells from adolescents compared with infants. Overlapping differential methylation and cytokine responses identified four probes potentially underpinning these age-specific responses. We show that DNAm in nCD4T cells in response to activation is dynamic in infancy and adolescence, with additional evidence for age-specific effects potentially driving variation in cytokine responses between these ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Imran
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - David J. Martino
- Wal‐yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerthAustralia
- University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Stephen Peng
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Allergy and Lung Health UnitMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mimi LK Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Susan Sawyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children's Hospital MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Thanh Dang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Vicki McWilliam
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Susan Prescott
- School of MedicineThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWAAustralia
- Telethon Kids Institute15 Hospital AvenueNedlandsWAAustralia
- Department of ImmunologyPerth Children's Hospital15 Hospital AvenueNedlandsWAAustralia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Allergy and ImmunologyRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalFlemington RoadParkvilleVICAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fritschi CJ, Anang S, Gong Z, Mohammadi M, Richard J, Bourassa C, Severino KT, Richter H, Yang D, Chen HC, Chiu TJ, Seaman MS, Madani N, Abrams C, Finzi A, Hendrickson WA, Sodroski JG, Smith AB. Indoline CD4-mimetic compounds mediate potent and broad HIV-1 inhibition and sensitization to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2222073120. [PMID: 36961924 PMCID: PMC10068826 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2222073120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding to the host cell receptors, CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4, triggers large-scale conformational changes in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer [(gp120/gp41)3] that promote virus entry into the cell. CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mcs) comprise small organic molecules that bind in the highly conserved CD4-binding site of gp120 and prematurely induce inactivating Env conformational changes, including shedding of gp120 from the Env trimer. By inducing more "open," antibody-susceptible Env conformations, CD4mcs also sensitize HIV-1 virions to neutralization by antibodies and infected cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel CD4mcs based on an indoline scaffold. Compared with our current lead indane scaffold CD4mc, BNM-III-170, several indoline CD4mcs exhibit increased potency and breadth against HIV-1 variants from different geographic clades. Viruses that were selected for resistance to the lead indane CD4mc, BNM-III-170, are susceptible to inhibition by the indoline CD4mcs. The indoline CD4mcs also potently sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC mediated by plasma from HIV-1-infected individuals. Crystal structures indicate that the indoline CD4mcs gain potency compared to the indane CD4mcs through more favorable π-π overlap from the indoline pose and by making favorable contacts with the vestibule of the CD4-binding pocket on gp120. The rational design of indoline CD4mcs thus holds promise for further improvements in antiviral activity, potentially contributing to efforts to treat and prevent HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumya Anang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Zhen Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | | | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QCH2X 0A9, Canada
- Departement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QCH3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Catherine Bourassa
- Departement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QCH3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kenny T. Severino
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
| | - Hannah Richter
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
| | - Derek Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ta-Jung Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
| | - Navid Madani
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Cameron Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QCH2X 0A9, Canada
- Departement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QCH3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Wayne A. Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Joseph G. Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Firrito C, Bertelli C, Rosa A, Chande A, Ananth S, van Dijk H, Fackler OT, Stoneham C, Singh R, Guatelli J, Pizzato M. A Conserved Acidic Residue in the C-Terminal Flexible Loop of HIV-1 Nef Contributes to the Activity of SERINC5 and CD4 Downregulation. Viruses 2023; 15:652. [PMID: 36992361 PMCID: PMC10057511 DOI: 10.3390/v15030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The host transmembrane protein SERINC5 is incorporated into retrovirus particles and inhibits HIV-1 infectivity. The lentiviral Nef protein counteracts SERINC5 by downregulating it from the cell surface and preventing its incorporation into virions. The ability of Nef to antagonize the host factor varies in magnitude between different HIV-1 isolates. After having identified a subtype H nef allele unable to promote HIV-1 infectivity in the presence of SERINC5, we investigated the molecular determinants responsible for the defective counteraction of the host factor. Chimeric molecules with a subtype C Nef highly active against SERINC5 were constructed to locate Nef residues crucial for the activity against SERINC5. An Asn at the base of the C-terminal loop of the defective nef allele was found in place of a highly conserved acidic residue (D/E 150). The conversion of Asn to Asp restored the ability of the defective Nef to downregulate SERINC5 and promote HIV-1 infectivity. The substitution was also found to be crucial for the ability of Nef to downregulate CD4, but not for Nef activities that do not rely on the internalization of receptors from the cell surface, suggesting a general implication in promoting clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Accordingly, bimolecular fluorescence complementation revealed that the conserved acidic residue contributes to the recruitment of AP2 by Nef. Altogether, our results confirm that Nef downregulates SERINC5 and CD4 by engaging a similar machinery and indicates that, in addition to the di-leucine motif, other residues in the C-terminal flexible loop are important for the ability of the protein to sustain clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Firrito
- Department of Cellular, Computational and integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bertelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Annachiara Rosa
- Department of Cellular, Computational and integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ajit Chande
- Department of Cellular, Computational and integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Swetha Ananth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Stoneham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - John Guatelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gristick HB, Hartweger H, Loewe M, van Schooten J, Ramos V, Oliviera TY, Nishimura Y, Koranda NS, Wall A, Yao KH, Poston D, Gazumyan A, Wiatr M, Horning M, Keeffe JR, Hoffmann MA, Yang Z, Abernathy ME, Dam KMA, Gao H, Gnanapragasam PN, Kakutani LM, Pavlovitch-Bedzyk AJ, Seaman MS, Howarth M, McGuire AT, Stamatatos L, Martin MA, West AP, Nussenzweig MC, Bjorkman PJ. CD4 binding site immunogens elicit heterologous anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in transgenic and wild-type animals. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade6364. [PMID: 36763635 PMCID: PMC10202037 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade6364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Passive transfer of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) protects against infection, and therefore, eliciting bNAbs by vaccination is a major goal of HIV-1 vaccine efforts. bNAbs that target the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on HIV-1 Env are among the most broadly active, but to date, responses elicited against this epitope in vaccinated animals have lacked potency and breadth. We hypothesized that CD4bs bNAbs resembling the antibody IOMA might be easier to elicit than other CD4bs antibodies that exhibit higher somatic mutation rates, a difficult-to-achieve mechanism to accommodate Env's N276gp120 N-glycan, and rare five-residue light chain complementarity-determining region 3. As an initial test of this idea, we developed IOMA germline-targeting Env immunogens and evaluated a sequential immunization regimen in transgenic mice expressing germline-reverted IOMA. These mice developed CD4bs epitope-specific responses with heterologous neutralization, and cloned antibodies overcame neutralization roadblocks, including accommodating the N276gp120 glycan, with some neutralizing selected HIV-1 strains more potently than IOMA. The immunization regimen also elicited CD4bs-specific responses in mice containing polyclonal antibody repertoires as well as rabbits and rhesus macaques. Thus, germline targeting of IOMA-class antibody precursors represents a potential vaccine strategy to induce CD4bs bNAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry B. Gristick
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Harald Hartweger
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maximilian Loewe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jelle van Schooten
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Victor Ramos
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thiago Y. Oliviera
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Koranda
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Abigail Wall
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kai-Hui Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Poston
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marie Wiatr
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marcel Horning
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Keeffe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Magnus A.G. Hoffmann
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Zhi Yang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Morgan E. Abernathy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kim-Marie A. Dam
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Han Gao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Leesa M. Kakutani
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Michael S. Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrew T. McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Malcolm A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony P. West
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michel C. Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beckmann D, Langnaese K, Gottfried A, Hradsky J, Tedford K, Tiwari N, Thomas U, Fischer KD, Korthals M. Ca 2+ Homeostasis by Plasma Membrane Ca 2+ ATPase (PMCA) 1 Is Essential for the Development of DP Thymocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021442. [PMID: 36674959 PMCID: PMC9865543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The strength of Ca2+ signaling is a hallmark of T cell activation, yet the role of Ca2+ homeostasis in developing T cells before expressing a mature T cell receptor is poorly understood. We aimed to unveil specific functions of the two plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases expressed in T cells, PMCA1 and PMCA4. On a transcriptional and protein level we found that PMCA4 was expressed at low levels in CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) thymocytes and was even downregulated in subsequent stages while PMCA1 was present throughout development and upregulated in CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes. Mice with a targeted deletion of Pmca1 in DN3 thymocytes had an almost complete block of DP thymocyte development with an accumulation of DN4 thymocytes but severely reduced numbers of CD8+ immature single positive (ISP) thymocytes. The DN4 thymocytes of these mice showed strongly elevated basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels and a pre-mature CD5 expression, but in contrast to the DP thymocytes they were only mildly prone to apoptosis. Surprisingly, mice with a germline deletion of Pmca4 did not show any signs of altered progression through the developmental thymocyte stages, nor altered Ca2+ homeostasis throughout this process. PMCA1 is, therefore, non-redundant in keeping cellular Ca2+ levels low in the early thymocyte development required for the DN to DP transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Beckmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Langnaese
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Gottfried
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hradsky
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerry Tedford
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nikhil Tiwari
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thomas
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark Korthals
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ugwu-Korie N, Quaye O, Wright E, Languon S, Agyapong O, Broni E, Gupta Y, Kempaiah P, Kwofie SK. Structure-Based Identification of Natural-Product-Derived Compounds with Potential to Inhibit HIV-1 Entry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020474. [PMID: 36677538 PMCID: PMC9865492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are potent in neutralizing a wide range of HIV strains. VRC01 is a CD4-binding-site (CD4-bs) class of bNAbs that binds to the conserved CD4-binding region of HIV-1 envelope (env) protein. Natural products that mimic VRC01 bNAbs by interacting with the conserved CD4-binding regions may serve as a new generation of HIV-1 entry inhibitors by being broadly reactive and potently neutralizing. This study aimed to identify compounds that mimic VRC01 by interacting with the CD4-bs of HIV-1 gp120 and thereby inhibiting viral entry into target cells. Libraries of purchasable natural products were virtually screened against clade A/E recombinant 93TH057 (PDB: 3NGB) and clade B (PDB ID: 3J70) HIV-1 env protein. Protein-ligand interaction profiling from molecular docking and dynamics simulations showed that the compounds had intermolecular hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with conserved amino acid residues on the CD4-binding site of recombinant clade A/E and clade B HIV-1 gp120. Four potential lead compounds, NP-005114, NP-008297, NP-007422, and NP-007382, were used for cell-based antiviral infectivity inhibition assay using clade B (HXB2) env pseudotype virus (PV). The four compounds inhibited the entry of HIV HXB2 pseudotype viruses into target cells at 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 15.2 µM (9.7 µg/mL), 10.1 µM (7.5 µg/mL), 16.2 µM (12.7 µg/mL), and 21.6 µM (12.9 µg/mL), respectively. The interaction of these compounds with critical residues of the CD4-binding site of more than one clade of HIV gp120 and inhibition of HIV-1 entry into the target cell demonstrate the possibility of a new class of HIV entry inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nneka Ugwu-Korie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
| | - Edward Wright
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Sylvester Languon
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Odame Agyapong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Broni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Yash Gupta
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +233203797922
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Curreli F, Kwon YD, Nicolau I, Burgos G, Altieri A, Kurkin AV, Verardi R, Kwong PD, Debnath AK. Antiviral Activity and Crystal Structures of HIV-1 gp120 Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415999. [PMID: 36555641 PMCID: PMC9784924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our effort to discover drugs that target HIV-1 entry, we report the antiviral activity and crystal structures of two novel inhibitors in a complex with a gp120 core. NBD-14204 showed similar antiviral activity against all the clinical isolates tested. The IC50 values were in the range of 0.24-0.9 µM with an overall mean of 0.47 ± 0.03 µM, showing slightly better activity against the clinical isolates than against the lab-adapted HIV-1HXB2 (IC50 = 0.96 ± 0.1 µM). Moreover, the antiviral activity of NBD-14208 was less consistent, showing a wider range of IC50 values (0.66-5.7 µM) with an overall mean of 3 ± 0.25 µM and better activity against subtypes B and D (Mean IC50 2.2-2.5 µM) than the A, C and Rec viruses (Mean IC50 2.9-3.9 µM). SI of NBD-14204 was about 10-fold higher than NBD-14208, making it a better lead compound for further optimization. In addition, we tested these compounds against S375Y and S375H mutants of gp120, which occurred in some clades and observed these to be sensitive to NBD-14204 and NBD-14208. These inhibitors also showed modest activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structures of both inhibitors in complexes with gp120 cores. As expected, both NBD-14204 and NBD-14208 bind primarily within the Phe43 cavity. It is noteworthy that the electron density of the thiazole ring in both structures was poorly defined due to the flexibility of this scaffold, suggesting that these compounds maintain substantial entropy, even when bound to the Phe43 cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Young D. Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isabella Nicolau
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giancarla Burgos
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Altieri
- EDASA Scientific srls, Via Stingi 37, 66050 San Salvo, Italy
| | | | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Asim K. Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fu M, Xiao Y, Du T, Hu H, Ni F, Hu K, Hu Q. Fusion Proteins CLD and CLDmut Demonstrate Potent and Broad Neutralizing Activity against HIV-1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071365. [PMID: 35891347 PMCID: PMC9323411 DOI: 10.3390/v14071365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) interacts with cellular receptors and mediates virus entry into target cells. Blocking Env-receptor interactions represents an effective interventional strategy for developing HIV-1 entry inhibitors. We previously designed a panel of CD4-linker-DC-SIGN (CLD) constructs by fusing the extracellular CD4 and DC-SIGN domains with various linkers. Such CLDs produced by the prokaryotic system efficiently inhibited HIV-1 infection and dissemination in vitro and ex vivo. In this study, following the construction and identification of the most promising candidate with a linker of 8 Gly4Ser repeats (named CLD), we further designed an improved form (named CLDmut) by back mutating Cys to Ser at amino acid 60 of CD4. Both CLD and CLDmut were produced in mammalian (293F) cells for better protein translation and modification. The anti-HIV-1 activity of CLD and CLDmut was assessed against the infection of a range of HIV-1 isolates, including transmitted and founder (T/F) viruses. While both CLD and CLDmut efficiently neutralized the tested HIV-1 isolates, CLDmut demonstrated much higher neutralizing activity than CLD, with an IC50 up to one log lower. The neutralizing activity of CLDmut was close to or more potent than those of the highly effective HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) reported to date. Findings in this study indicate that mammalian cell-expressed CLDmut may have the potential to be used as prophylaxis or/and therapeutics against HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.F.); (Y.X.); (T.D.); (H.H.); (F.N.); (K.H.)
| | - Yingying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.F.); (Y.X.); (T.D.); (H.H.); (F.N.); (K.H.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.F.); (Y.X.); (T.D.); (H.H.); (F.N.); (K.H.)
| | - Huimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.F.); (Y.X.); (T.D.); (H.H.); (F.N.); (K.H.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.F.); (Y.X.); (T.D.); (H.H.); (F.N.); (K.H.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.F.); (Y.X.); (T.D.); (H.H.); (F.N.); (K.H.)
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (M.F.); (Y.X.); (T.D.); (H.H.); (F.N.); (K.H.)
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8719-9992
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schad SE, Chow A, Mangarin L, Pan H, Zhang J, Ceglia N, Caushi JX, Malandro N, Zappasodi R, Gigoux M, Hirschhorn D, Budhu S, Amisaki M, Arniella M, Redmond D, Chaft J, Forde PM, Gainor JF, Hellmann MD, Balachandran V, Shah S, Smith KN, Pardoll D, Elemento O, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T. Tumor-induced double positive T cells display distinct lineage commitment mechanisms and functions. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20212169. [PMID: 35604411 PMCID: PMC9130031 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors ThPOK and Runx3 regulate the differentiation of "helper" CD4+ and "cytotoxic" CD8+ T cell lineages respectively, inducing single positive (SP) T cells that enter the periphery with the expression of either the CD4 or CD8 co-receptor. Despite the expectation that these cell fates are mutually exclusive and that mature CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells are present in healthy individuals and augmented in the context of disease, yet their molecular features and pathophysiologic role are disputed. Here, we show DP T cells in murine and human tumors as a heterogenous population originating from SP T cells which re-express the opposite co-receptor and acquire features of the opposite cell type's phenotype and function following TCR stimulation. We identified distinct clonally expanded DP T cells in human melanoma and lung cancer by scRNA sequencing and demonstrated their tumor reactivity in cytotoxicity assays. Our findings indicate that antigen stimulation induces SP T cells to differentiate into DP T cell subsets gaining in polyfunctional characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Schad
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Chow
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Levi Mangarin
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Heng Pan
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at John Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas Ceglia
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Justina X. Caushi
- John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at John Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicole Malandro
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mathieu Gigoux
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Hirschhorn
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sadna Budhu
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Masataka Amisaki
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Jamie Chaft
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Patrick M. Forde
- John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at John Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Justin F. Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew D. Hellmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vinod Balachandran
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sohrab Shah
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kellie N. Smith
- John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at John Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Drew Pardoll
- John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at John Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jedd D. Wolchok
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Human Oncology Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Human Oncology Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Han M, Cantaloube-Ferrieu V, Xie M, Armani-Tourret M, Woottum M, Pagès JC, Colin P, Lagane B, Benichou S. HIV-1 cell-to-cell spread overcomes the virus entry block of non-macrophage-tropic strains in macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010335. [PMID: 35622876 PMCID: PMC9182568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) are increasingly recognized as HIV-1 target cells involved in the pathogenesis and persistence of infection. Paradoxically, in vitro infection assays suggest that virus isolates are mostly T-cell-tropic and rarely MΦ-tropic. The latter are assumed to emerge under CD4+ T-cell paucity in tissues such as the brain or at late stage when the CD4 T-cell count declines. However, assays to qualify HIV-1 tropism use cell-free viral particles and may not fully reflect the conditions of in vivo MΦ infection through cell-to-cell viral transfer. Here, we investigated the capacity of viruses expressing primary envelope glycoproteins (Envs) with CCR5 and/or CXCR4 usage from different stages of infection, including transmitted/founder Envs, to infect MΦ by a cell-free mode and through cell-to-cell transfer from infected CD4+ T cells. The results show that most viruses were unable to enter MΦ as cell-free particles, in agreement with the current view that non-M-tropic viruses inefficiently use CD4 and/or CCR5 or CXCR4 entry receptors on MΦ. In contrast, all viruses could be effectively cell-to-cell transferred to MΦ from infected CD4+ T cells. We further showed that viral transfer proceeded through Env-dependent cell-cell fusion of infected T cells with MΦ targets, leading to the formation of productively infected multinucleated giant cells. Compared to cell-free infection, infected T-cell/MΦ contacts showed enhanced interactions of R5 M- and non-M-tropic Envs with CD4 and CCR5, resulting in a reduced dependence on receptor expression levels on MΦ for viral entry. Altogether, our results show that virus cell-to-cell transfer overcomes the entry block of isolates initially defined as non-macrophage-tropic, indicating that HIV-1 has a more prevalent tropism for MΦ than initially suggested. This sheds light into the role of this route of virus cell-to-cell transfer to MΦ in CD4+ T cell rich tissues for HIV-1 transmission, dissemination and formation of tissue viral reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Han
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Maorong Xie
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Woottum
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pagès
- Institut RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS U-5070, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1301, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Colin
- Infinity, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Lagane
- Infinity, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (BL); (SB)
| | - Serge Benichou
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (BL); (SB)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The HIV Env glycoprotein is the surface glycoprotein responsible for viral entry into CD4+ immune cells. During infection, Env also serves as a primary target for antibody responses, which are robust but unable to control virus replication. Immune evasion by HIV-1 Env appears to employ complex mechanisms to regulate what antigenic states are presented to the immune system. Immunodominant features appear to be distinct from epitopes that interfere with Env functions in mediating infection. Further, cell-cell transmission studies indicate that vulnerable conformational states are additionally hidden from recognition on infected cells, even though the presence of Env at the cell surface is required for viral infection through the virological synapse. Cell-cell infection studies support that Env on infected cells is presented in distinct conformations from that on virus particles. Here we review data regarding the regulation of conformational states of Env and assess how regulated sorting of Env within the infected cell may underlie mechanisms to distinguish Env on the surface of virus particles versus Env on the surface of infected cells. These mechanisms may allow infected cells to avoid opsonization, providing cell-to-cell infection by HIV with a selective advantage during evolution within an infected individual. Understanding how distinct Env conformations are presented on cells versus viruses may be essential to designing effective vaccine approaches and therapeutic strategies to clear infected cell reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connie Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongru Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Talia H. Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin K. Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Janakiraman M, Na SY, Krishnamoorthy G. A novel CD4 knockout mouse strain with a spontaneous frameshift mutation in the CD4 locus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266589. [PMID: 35385550 PMCID: PMC8985997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells express co-receptors CD4 and CD8, which are involved in the recognition of antigen presented to T cell receptors. The expression of CD4 in thymic hematopoietic cells is crucial for the thymic development and selection of T cells. In this study, we identified a novel CD4 mutant allele that emerged spontaneously in our mouse colony. The frameshift mutation led to a truncated CD4 protein which failed to reach the plasma membrane resulting in impaired development of CD4+ helper T cells. The CRISPR mediated correction of mutant allele restored the membrane CD4 expression. Further, using an adoptive transfer of T cells, we show that this model is an ideal recipient mouse for the study of CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathangi Janakiraman
- Research group Neuroinflammation and Mucosal Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Shin-Young Na
- Research group Neuroinflammation and Mucosal Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy
- Research group Neuroinflammation and Mucosal Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Prévost J, Richard J, Gasser R, Medjahed H, Kirchhoff F, Hahn BH, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer C, Duerr R, Finzi A. Detection of the HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Nef and Vpu by Flow Cytometry Represents a New Tool to Study Their Functional Interplay within a Single Infected CD4 + T Cell. J Virol 2022; 96:e0192921. [PMID: 35080425 PMCID: PMC8941894 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01929-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 Nef and Vpu accessory proteins are known to protect infected cells from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses by limiting exposure of CD4-induced (CD4i) envelope (Env) epitopes at the cell surface. Although both proteins target the host receptor CD4 for degradation, the extent of their functional redundancy is unknown. Here, we developed an intracellular staining technique that permits the intracellular detection of both Nef and Vpu in primary CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry. Using this method, we show that the combined expression of Nef and Vpu predicts the susceptibility of HIV-1-infected primary CD4+ T cells to ADCC by HIV+ plasma. We also show that Vpu cannot compensate for the absence of Nef, thus providing an explanation for why some infectious molecular clones that carry a LucR reporter gene upstream of Nef render infected cells more susceptible to ADCC responses. Our method thus represents a new tool to dissect the biological activity of Nef and Vpu in the context of other host and viral proteins within single infected CD4+ T cells. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 Nef and Vpu exert several biological functions that are important for viral immune evasion, release, and replication. Here, we developed a new method allowing simultaneous detection of these accessory proteins in their native form together with some of their cellular substrates. This allowed us to show that Vpu cannot compensate for the lack of a functional Nef, which has implications for studies that use Nef-defective viruses to study ADCC responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shanmuganad S, Hummel SA, Varghese V, Hildeman DA. Bcl-2 Is Necessary to Counteract Bim and Promote Survival of TCRαβ +CD8αα + Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Precursors in the Thymus. J Immunol 2022; 208:651-659. [PMID: 34996838 PMCID: PMC8982985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The precursors of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) arise in the thymus through a complex process of agonist selection. We and others have shown that the proapoptotic protein, Bim, is critical to limit the number of thymic IEL precursors (IELp), as loss of Bim at the CD4+CD8+ double-positive stage of development drastically increases IELp. The factors determining this cell death versus survival decision remain largely unknown. In this study, we used CD4CreBcl2f/f mice to define the role of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and CD4CreBcl2f/fBimf/f mice to determine the role of Bcl-2 in opposing Bim to promote survival of IELp. First, in wild-type mice, we defined distinct subpopulations within PD-1+CD122+ IELp, based on their expression of Runx3 and α4β7. Coexpression of α4β7 and Runx3 marked IELp that were most dependent upon Bcl-2 for survival. Importantly, the additional loss of Bim restored Runx3+α4β7+ IELp, showing that Bcl-2 antagonizes Bim to enable IELp survival. Further, the loss of thymic IELp in CD4CreBcl2f/f mice also led to a dramatic loss of IEL in the gut, and the additional loss of Bim restored gut IEL. The loss of gut IEL was due to both reduced seeding by IELp from the thymus as well as a requirement for Bcl-2 for peripheral IEL survival. Together, these findings highlight subset-specific and temporal roles for Bcl-2 in driving the survival of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IEL and thymic IELp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; and
| | - Sarah A Hummel
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vivian Varghese
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David A Hildeman
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; and
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cheng X, Zhou L, Li Z, Shen S, Zhao Y, Liu C, Zhong X, Chang Y, Kermode AG, Qiu W. Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Metabolism Induced the Activation of CXCR5+ CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells to Participate in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Recurrence. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827865. [PMID: 35126400 PMCID: PMC8811147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
From the perspective of the role of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the destruction of tolerance in disease progression, more attention has been paid to their role in autoimmunity. To address the role of Tfh cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) recurrence, serum C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels reflect the effects of the Tfh cells on B-cell-mediated humoral immunity. We evaluated the immunobiology of the CXCR5+CD4+ Tfh cells in 46 patients with NMOSD, including 37 patients with NMOSD with an annual recurrence rate (ARR) of<1 and 9 patients with NMOSD with an ARR of ≥1. Herein, we reported several key observations. First, there was a lower frequency of circulating Tfh cells in patients with an ARR of<1 than in those with an ARR of ≥1 (P< 0.05). Second, the serum CXCL13 levels were downregulated in individuals with an ARR<1 (P< 0.05), processing the ability to promote Tfh maturation and chemotaxis. Third, the level of the primary bile acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), was higher in patients with NMOSD with an ARR of<1 than in those with NMOSD with an ARR of ≥1, which was positively correlated with CXCL13. Lastly, the frequency of the Tfh precursor cells decreased in the spleen of keyhole limpet haemocyanin-stimulated animals following GUDCA intervention. These findings significantly broaden our understanding of Tfh cells and CXCL13 in NMOSD. Our data also reveal the potential mechanism of intestinal microbiota and metabolites involved in NMOSD recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shishi Shen
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Allan G. Kermode
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nyanhete TE, Edwards RJ, LaBranche CC, Mansouri K, Eaton A, Dennison SM, Saunders KO, Goodman D, Janowska K, Spreng RL, Zhang L, Mudrak SV, Hope TJ, Hora B, Bradley T, Georgiev IS, Montefiori DC, Acharya P, Tomaras GD. Polyclonal Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Activity Characterized by CD4 Binding Site and V3-Glycan Antibodies in a Subset of HIV-1 Virus Controllers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670561. [PMID: 35003053 PMCID: PMC8733328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), known to mediate immune control of HIV-1 infection, only develop in a small subset of HIV-1 infected individuals. Despite being traditionally associated with patients with high viral loads, bNAbs have also been observed in therapy naïve HIV-1+ patients naturally controlling virus replication [Virus Controllers (VCs)]. Thus, dissecting the bNAb response in VCs will provide key information about what constitutes an effective humoral response to natural HIV-1 infection. In this study, we identified a polyclonal bNAb response to natural HIV-1 infection targeting CD4 binding site (CD4bs), V3-glycan, gp120-gp41 interface and membrane-proximal external region (MPER) epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope (Env). The polyclonal antiviral antibody (Ab) response also included antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of clade AE, B and C viruses, consistent with both the Fv and Fc domain contributing to function. Sequence analysis of envs from one of the VCs revealed features consistent with potential immune pressure and virus escape from V3-glycan targeting bNAbs. Epitope mapping of the polyclonal bNAb response in VCs with bNAb activity highlighted the presence of gp120-gp41 interface and CD4bs antibody classes with similar binding profiles to known potent bNAbs. Thus, these findings reveal the induction of a broad and polyfunctional humoral response in VCs in response to natural HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe E. Nyanhete
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - S. Moses Dennison
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel L. Spreng
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah V. Mudrak
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Todd Bradley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hidalgo D, Bejder J, Pop R, Gellatly K, Hwang Y, Maxwell Scalf S, Eastman AE, Chen JJ, Zhu LJ, Heuberger JAAC, Guo S, Koury MJ, Nordsborg NB, Socolovsky M. EpoR stimulates rapid cycling and larger red cells during mouse and human erythropoiesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7334. [PMID: 34921133 PMCID: PMC8683474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The erythroid terminal differentiation program couples sequential cell divisions with progressive reductions in cell size. The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is essential for erythroblast survival, but its other functions are not well characterized. Here we use Epor-/- mouse erythroblasts endowed with survival signaling to identify novel non-redundant EpoR functions. We find that, paradoxically, EpoR signaling increases red cell size while also increasing the number and speed of erythroblast cell cycles. EpoR-regulation of cell size is independent of established red cell size regulation by iron. High erythropoietin (Epo) increases red cell size in wild-type mice and in human volunteers. The increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) outlasts the duration of Epo treatment and is not the result of increased reticulocyte number. Our work shows that EpoR signaling alters the relationship between cycling and cell size. Further, diagnostic interpretations of increased MCV should now include high Epo levels and hypoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hidalgo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Bejder
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramona Pop
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Gellatly
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yung Hwang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - S Maxwell Scalf
- Department of Cell Biology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna E Eastman
- Department of Cell Biology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jane-Jane Chen
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Shangqin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark J Koury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Merav Socolovsky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Passos LSA, Koh CC, Magalhães LMD, Nunes MDCP, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO. Distinct CD4 -CD8 - (Double-Negative) Memory T-Cell Subpopulations Are Associated With Indeterminate and Cardiac Clinical Forms of Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761795. [PMID: 34868005 PMCID: PMC8632628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4-CD8- (double-negative, DN) T cells are critical orchestrators of the cytokine network associated with the pathogenic inflammatory response in one of the deadliest cardiomyopathies known, Chagas heart disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Here, studying the distribution, activation status, and cytokine expression of memory DN T-cell subpopulations in Chagas disease patients without cardiac involvement (indeterminate form-IND) or with Chagas cardiomyopathy (CARD), we report that while IND patients displayed a higher frequency of central memory, CARD had a high frequency of effector memory DN T cells. In addition, central memory DN T cells from IND displayed a balanced cytokine profile, characterized by the concomitant expression of IFN-γ and IL-10, which was not observed in effector memory DN T cells from CARD. Supporting potential clinical relevance, we found that the frequency of central memory DN T cells was associated with indicators of better ventricular function, while the frequency of effector memory DN T cells was not. Importantly, decreasing CD1d-mediated activation of DN T cells led to an increase in IL-10 expression by effector memory DN T cells from CARD, restoring a balanced profile similar to that observed in the protective central memory DN T cells. Targeting the activation of effector memory DN T cells may emerge as a strategy to control inflammation in Chagas cardiomyopathy and potentially in other inflammatory diseases where these cells play a key role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Silva Araújo Passos
- Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cattoni Koh
- Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luísa Mourão Dias Magalhães
- Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kenneth John Gollob
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Doenças Tropicais—INCT-DT, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Doenças Tropicais—INCT-DT, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cottrell CA, Manne K, Kong R, Wang S, Zhou T, Chuang GY, Edwards RJ, Henderson R, Janowska K, Kopp M, Lin BC, Louder MK, Olia AS, Rawi R, Shen CH, Taft JD, Torres JL, Wu NR, Zhang B, Doria-Rose NA, Cohen MS, Haynes BF, Shapiro L, Ward AB, Acharya P, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Structural basis of glycan276-dependent recognition by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109922. [PMID: 34731616 PMCID: PMC9058982 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of N-linked glycan at residue N276 (glycan276) at the periphery of the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) on the HIV-envelope trimer is a formidable challenge for many CD4bs-directed antibodies. To understand how this glycan can be recognized, here we isolate two lineages of glycan276-dependent CD4bs antibodies. Antibody CH540-VRC40.01 (named for donor-lineage.clone) neutralizes 81% of a panel of 208 diverse strains, while antibody CH314-VRC33.01 neutralizes 45%. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of these two antibodies and 179NC75, a previously identified glycan276-dependent CD4bs antibody, in complex with HIV-envelope trimer reveal substantially different modes of glycan276 recognition. Despite these differences, binding of glycan276-dependent antibodies maintains a glycan276 conformation similar to that observed in the absence of glycan276-binding antibodies. By contrast, glycan276-independent CD4bs antibodies, such as VRC01, displace glycan276 upon binding. These results provide a foundation for understanding antibody recognition of glycan276 and suggest its presence may be crucial for priming immunogens seeking to initiate broad CD4bs recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Cottrell
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kartik Manne
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology-Immunogen Discovery at Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology-Immunogen Discovery at Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rory Henderson
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology-Immunogen Discovery at Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology-Immunogen Discovery at Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Megan Kopp
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology-Immunogen Discovery at Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin D Taft
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nelson R Wu
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Myron S Cohen
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Microbiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology-Immunogen Discovery at Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology-Immunogen Discovery at Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Salgüero I, Roustán G, Requena L, Suárez D, García-Fresnadillo D, Redondo JI, Nájera L. Immunophenotypic Differences in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Neovascularization Between Primary Cutaneous Melanoma With and Without Metastasis: An Immunohistochemical Study of 80 Cases. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:811-818. [PMID: 33534211 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The prognostic implications of the immunophenotype of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary cutaneous melanoma are well known. In recent years, the study of this immunophenotype has also resulted in immunotherapeutic consequences. The aims of this study were to characterize the subpopulations of TILs in primary cutaneous melanoma, in cases with and without metastasis, as well as the neovascularization associated with the primary neoplasm, and its influence on the development of metastasis. To this end, the immunophenotype of TILs and the neovascularization of 80 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (40 each with metastatic and non-metastatic melanoma) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, PD-1, CD31, and D2-40 antibodies. We found that higher frequencies of TILs with brisk pattern, and CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells in TILs, and a lower frequency of CD31+ vessels were histopathological features associated with better prognosis in primary cutaneous melanoma. Our results support the notion that the immunohistochemical study of TILs and neovascularization in primary cutaneous melanoma may be helpful tools for identifying patients at increased risk of metastasis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Salgüero
- Department of Dermatology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaston Roustán
- Department of Dermatology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Suárez
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain ; and
| | - Diego García-Fresnadillo
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain ; and
| | | | - Laura Nájera
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain ; and
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jørgensen N, Hviid TVF, Nielsen LB, Sønderstrup IMH, Eriksen JO, Ejlertsen B, Gerdes AM, Kruse TA, Thomassen M, Jensen MB, Lænkholm AV. Tumour-infiltrating CD4-, CD8- and FOXP3-positive immune cells as predictive markers of mortality in BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1388-1398. [PMID: 34365471 PMCID: PMC8576013 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer is well-established. However, the investigation of specific T-cell subsets exclusively in BRCA-associated breast cancer is sparse. METHODS Tumour tissues from 414 BRCA-mutated breast cancer patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis for expression of CD4, CD8 and FOXP3 immune markers. Distribution of CD4-, CD8- and FOXP3-positive cells and clinicopathological characteristics were assessed according to groups of low or high expression. The prognostic value was evaluated as continuous variables in univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival and disease-free survival. RESULTS Both CD4 and CD8 expression are associated with histological diagnosis, tumour grade and oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression status. CD4 expression is associated with BRCA gene status. A high percentage of tumour-infiltrating CD4-, CD8- or FOXP3-positive cells is significantly associated with lower mortality in BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated breast cancer and CD8-positive cells are associated with disease-free survival. No heterogeneity according to BRCA gene status was found for the prognostic value of the immune markers. CONCLUSIONS The results support a prognostic role of specific T-cell subsets in BRCA-associated breast cancer and the promising potential of targeting the immune system in the treatment of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lise B Nielsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida M H Sønderstrup
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maj-Britt Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shrivastava S, Kottilil S, Sherman KE, Masur H, Tang L. CCR5+ T-Cells Homed to the Liver Exhibit Inflammatory and Profibrogenic Signatures in Chronic HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102074. [PMID: 34696504 PMCID: PMC8539814 DOI: 10.3390/v13102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is accelerated in patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), compared with HCV monoinfected patients, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesize that T cells expressing the HIV co-receptor, chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), preferentially migrate to the inflamed liver and contribute to enhanced fibrogenesis. We compared the peripheral and intrahepatic CCR5 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in 21 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with 14 chronic HCV monoinfected patients. Using 12-color flow cytometry, phenotypic and functional characterization of CCR5+ and negative cells pre- and post-stimulation with HCV genotype specific overlapping pooled peptides was conducted. Patients with HIV/HCV coinfection had significantly more CD4+CCR5+ and CD8+CCR5+ T cells in the liver as compared with peripheral blood (p = 0.0001 for both). Compared with patients with HCV monoinfection, patients with HIV/HCV coinfection also had fewer peripheral CD4+CCR5+ and CD8+CCR5+ T cells (p = 0.02, p = 0.001 respectively), but more intrahepatic CD4+CCR5+ and CD8+CCR5+ cells (p = 0.0001 for both). Phenotypic analysis of CCR5+ sorted cells demonstrated an increased expression of markers of exhaustion, senescence, immune activation and liver homing (PD1, CD57, CD38, HLADR, and CXCR3). Post-stimulation with HCV peptides, CCR5+ T cells secreted more proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines and chemokines rather than antiviral cytokines. Phenotypic and functional analyses of CCR5+ T cells in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients revealed a pathogenic role for CCR5+ T cells in hepatic fibrogenesis. These cells are functionally proinflammatory, pro-fibrogenic and preferentially accumulate in liver, accelerating fibrosis. These findings suggest that targeting CCR5 may be a therapeutic strategy for be ameliorating liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Program in Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Sherman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinatti, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Henry Masur
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Lydia Tang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Program in Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sornsuwan K, Thongkhum W, Pamonsupornwichit T, Carraway TS, Soponpong S, Sakkhachornphop S, Tayapiwatana C, Yasamut U. Performance of Affinity-Improved DARPin Targeting HIV Capsid Domain in Interference of Viral Progeny Production. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101437. [PMID: 34680070 PMCID: PMC8533564 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a designed ankyrin repeat protein, AnkGAG1D4, was generated for intracellular targeting of the HIV-1 capsid domain. The efficiency was satisfactory in interfering with the HIV assembly process. Consequently, improved AnkGAG1D4 binding affinity was introduced by substituting tyrosine (Y) for serine (S) at position 45. However, the intracellular anti-HIV-1 activity of AnkGAG1D4-S45Y has not yet been validated. In this study, the performance of AnkGAG1D4 and AnkGAG1D4-S45Y in inhibiting wild-type HIV-1 and HIV-1 maturation inhibitor-resistant replication in SupT1 cells was evaluated. HIV-1 p24 and viral load assays were used to verify the biological activity of AnkGAG1D4 and AnkGAG1D4-S45Y as assembly inhibitors. In addition, retardation of syncytium formation in infected SupT1 cells was observed. Of note, the defense mechanism of both ankyrins did not induce the mutation of target amino acids in the capsid domain. The present data show that the potency of AnkGAG1D4-S45Y was superior to AnkGAG1D4 in interrupting either HIV-1 wild-type or the HIV maturation inhibitor-resistant strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanokporn Sornsuwan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Weeraya Thongkhum
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanathat Pamonsupornwichit
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tanawan Samleerat Carraway
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Soponpong
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Umpa Yasamut
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Anand SP, Prévost J, Descôteaux-Dinelle J, Richard J, Nguyen DN, Medjahed H, Chen HC, Smith AB, Pazgier M, Finzi A. HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Cell Surface Localization Is Associated with Antibody-Induced Internalization. Viruses 2021; 13:1953. [PMID: 34696383 PMCID: PMC8539245 DOI: 10.3390/v13101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To minimize immune responses against infected cells, HIV-1 has evolved different mechanisms to limit the surface expression of its envelope glycoproteins (Env). Recent observations suggest that the binding of certain broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the 'closed' conformation of Env induces its internalization. On the other hand, non-neutralizing antibodies (nNAbs) that preferentially target Env in its 'open' conformation, remain bound to Env on the cell surface for longer periods of time. In this study, we attempt to better understand the underlying mechanisms behind the differential rates of antibody-mediated Env internalization. We demonstrate that 'forcing' open Env using CD4 mimetics allows for nNAb binding and results in similar rates of Env internalization as those observed upon the bNAb binding. Moreover, we can identify distinct populations of Env that are differentially targeted by Abs that mediate faster rates of internalization, suggesting that the mechanism of antibody-induced Env internalization partially depends on the localization of Env on the cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.P.A.); (J.P.); (J.D.-D.); (J.R.); (H.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.P.A.); (J.P.); (J.D.-D.); (J.R.); (H.M.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jade Descôteaux-Dinelle
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.P.A.); (J.P.); (J.D.-D.); (J.R.); (H.M.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.P.A.); (J.P.); (J.D.-D.); (J.R.); (H.M.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA; (D.N.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Halima Medjahed
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.P.A.); (J.P.); (J.D.-D.); (J.R.); (H.M.)
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.-C.C.); (A.B.S.III)
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.-C.C.); (A.B.S.III)
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA; (D.N.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.P.A.); (J.P.); (J.D.-D.); (J.R.); (H.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tolbert WD, Nguyen DN, Tehrani ZR, Sajadi MM, Pazgier M. Near-Pan-neutralizing, Plasma Deconvoluted Antibody N49P6 Mimics Host Receptor CD4 in Its Quaternary Interactions with the HIV-1 Envelope Trimer. mBio 2021; 12:e0127421. [PMID: 34281393 PMCID: PMC8406290 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01274-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in HIV-1 entry is the attachment of the envelope (Env) trimer to target cell CD4. As such, the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) remains one of the few universally accessible sites for antibodies (Abs). We recently described a method of isolating Abs directly from the circulating plasma and described a panel of broadly neutralizing Abs (bnAbs) from an HIV-1 "elite neutralizer" referred to as patient N49 (N49 Ab lineage [M. M. Sajadi, A. Dashti, Z. R. Tehrani, W. D. Tolbert, et al., Cell 173:1783-1795.e14, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.061]). Here, we describe the molecular details of antigen recognition by N49P6, an Ab of the N49 lineage that recapitulates most of the neutralization breadth and potency of the donor's plasma IgG. Our studies done in the context of monomeric and trimeric antigens indicate that N49P6 combines many characteristics of known CD4bs-specific bnAbs with features that are unique to the N49 Ab lineage to achieve its remarkable neutralization breadth. These include the omission of the CD4 Phe43 cavity and dependence instead on interactions with highly conserved gp120 inner domain layer 3. Interestingly, when bound to BG505 SOSIP, N49P6 closely mimics the initial contact of host receptor CD4 to the adjacent promoter of the HIV-1 Env trimer to lock the trimer in the closed conformation. Altogether, N49P6 defines a new class of near-pan-neutralizing, plasma deconvoluted CD4bs Abs that we refer to as the N49P series. The details of the mechanisms of action of this new Ab class pave the way for the next generation of HIV-1 bnAbs that can be used as vaccine components of therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Binding to target cell CD4 is the first crucial step required for HIV-1 infection. Thus, the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) is one of the most accessible sites for antibodies (Abs). However, due to steric constraints, only a few Abs are capable of targeting this site. Here, we show that the exceptional neutralization breadth and potency of N49P6, a near-pan-neutralizing Ab targeting the CD4bs isolated from the plasma of an HIV-1 "elite neutralizer," patient N49, are due to its signature combination of more typical CD4bs Ab-binding characteristics with unique interactions with the highly conserved gp120 inner domain. In addition, we also present a structural analysis of N49P6 in complex with the BG505 SOSIP trimer to show that N49P6 exhibits remarkable breadth in part by mimicking CD4's quaternary interaction with the neighboring gp120 protomer. In its mode of antigen interaction, N49P6 is unique and represents a new class of CD4bs-specific bnAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao Y, Shi Z, Hao Z, Zhou J, Han C, Li R, Lv Q, Liu Y, Liang C. Hypoxia-mediated down-regulation of miRNAs' biogenesis promotes tumor immune escape in bladder cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1678-1687. [PMID: 33625672 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study examines the function of hypoxia-mediated down-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) (mir-30c, mir-135a, and mir-27a) in the process of bladder cancer immune escape. METHODS Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out to determine gene expression levels of Drosha and Dicer under hypoxia treatment, while western blotting and flow cytometry were used to determine protein expression. Seven reported miRNAs were identified via qRT-PCR assay. Flow cytometry detection of CD3/CD4/CD8-positive expression and statistics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected cellular immune factors content. Cell apoptosis was checked via flow cytometry assay. Luciferase report assay and western blot assays were both used to verify the relationship between miRNAs and Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene b (Cbl-b). The animal model was established and Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were separately used to verify the conclusions. RESULTS The CD3 + /CD4 + expression was increased in the hypoxia group, while CD3 + /CD8 + expression, the cellular immune factors content Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) along with the cell apoptosis were suppressed. The protein expression of Cbl-b was found to be up-regulated in the hypoxia group. After constructing the overexpression/ knockdown of Cbl-b in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), Cbl-b has been found to promote tumor immune escape in bladder cancer. Furthermore, Cbl-b had been identified as the co-targets of mir-30c, mir-135a, and mir-27a and down-regulation of miRNA biogenesis promotes Cbl-b expression and deactivating T cells in vitro/in vivo. CONCLUSION Hypoxia-mediated down-regulation of miRNAs' biogenesis promotes tumor immune escape in bladder cancer, which could bring much more advance to the medical research on tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Z Shi
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Z Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - C Han
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - R Li
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Q Lv
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Y Liu
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - C Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dileepan T, Malhotra D, Kotov DI, Kolawole EM, Krueger PD, Evavold BD, Jenkins MK. MHC class II tetramers engineered for enhanced binding to CD4 improve detection of antigen-specific T cells. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:943-948. [PMID: 33941928 PMCID: PMC10666075 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to identify T cells that recognize specific peptide antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules has enabled enumeration and molecular characterization of the lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Fluorophore-labeled peptide:MHC class I (p:MHCI) tetramers are well-established reagents for identifying antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry, but efforts to extend the approach to CD4+ T cells have been less successful, perhaps owing to lower binding strength between CD4 and MHC class II (MHCII) molecules. Here we show that p:MHCII tetramers engineered by directed evolution for enhanced CD4 binding outperform conventional tetramers for the detection of cognate T cells. Using the engineered tetramers, we identified about twice as many antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in mice immunized against multiple peptides than when using traditional tetramers. CD4 affinity-enhanced p:MHCII tetramers, therefore, allow direct sampling of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells that cannot be accessed with conventional p:MHCII tetramer technology. These new reagents could provide a deeper understanding of the T cell repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamotharampillai Dileepan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Deepali Malhotra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Dmitri I Kotov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kolawole
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter D Krueger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marc K Jenkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stringari LL, Covre LP, da Silva FDC, de Oliveira VL, Campana MC, Hadad DJ, Palaci M, Salgame P, Dietze R, Gomes DCDO, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R. Increase of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ cells impairs in vitro human microbicidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis during latent and acute pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009605. [PMID: 34324509 PMCID: PMC8321116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, modulating host responses while neutralizing excessive inflammation. However, their impact on regulating host protective immunity is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that Treg cells abrogate the in vitro microbicidal activity against Mtb. Methods We evaluated the in vitro microbicidal activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with active tuberculosis (TB), individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI, TST+/IGRA+) and healthy control (HC, TST-/IGRA-) volunteers. PBMCs, depleted or not of CD4+CD25+ T-cells, were analyzed to determine frequency and influence on microbicidal activity during in vitro Mtb infection with four clinical isolates (S1, S5, R3, and R6) and one reference strain (H37Rv). Results The frequency of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ cells were significantly higher in Mtb infected whole blood cultures from both TB patients and LTBI individuals when compared to HC. Data from CD4+CD25+ T-cells depletion demonstrate that increase of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ is associated with an impairment of Th-1 responses and a diminished in vitro microbicidal activity of LTBI and TB groups. Conclusions Tregs restrict host anti-mycobacterial immunity during active disease and latent infection and thereby may contribute to both disease progression and pathogen persistence. Our immune system has an enormous capacity of recognizing and responding to foreign antigens and, likewise, presents an extremely efficient mechanism of controlling these responses. Here, we investigated how a specific cell type with regulatory abilities can interfere in the immunological response against tuberculosis bacillus. For this, we used blood samples from individuals sensitized with the bacillus and patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis to understand how these cells act and their impact on the host/parasite relationship in the development of the disease. We could observe the negative impact that such regulatory cells cause during the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, decreasing the control/elimination of the bacillus in asymptomatic individuals and patients with tuberculosis. We also observed a recovery in the immune response when Treg cells were removed during in vitro challenge, restoring the capacity of Mtb clearance. Thus, these regulatory cells, when present, may represent a possible facilitator of the asymptomatic permanence of the bacillus, or even of the development of the disease itself. These data allowed us to see latency and tuberculosis from a new angle and thus postulate new approaches to fight tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzzo Lyrio Stringari
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LLS); (RR-R)
| | - Luciana Polaco Covre
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - David Jamil Hadad
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Moisés Palaci
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Reynaldo Dietze
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Global Health & Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Cláudio de Oliveira Gomes
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LLS); (RR-R)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Luo MT, Mu D, Yang X, Luo RH, Zheng HY, Chen M, Guo YQ, Zheng YT. Tree Shrew Cells Transduced with Human CD4 and CCR5 Support Early Steps of HIV-1 Replication, but Viral Infectivity Is Restricted by APOBEC3. J Virol 2021; 95:e0002021. [PMID: 34076481 PMCID: PMC8312864 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00020-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The host range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is narrow. Therefore, using ordinary animal models to study HIV-1 replication, pathogenesis, and therapy is impractical. The lack of applicable animal models for HIV-1 research spurred our investigation on whether tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis), which are susceptible to many types of human viruses, can act as an animal model for HIV-1. Here, we report that tree shrew primary cells are refractory to wild-type HIV-1 but support the early replication steps of HIV-1 pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein envelope (VSV-G), which can bypass entry receptors. The exogenous expression of human CD4 renders the tree shrew cell line infectible to X4-tropic HIV-1IIIB, suggesting that tree shrew CXCR4 is a functional HIV-1 coreceptor. However, tree shrew cells did not produce infectious HIV-1 progeny virions, even with the human CD4 receptor. Subsequently, we identified tree shrew (ts) apolipoprotein B editing catalytic polypeptide 3 (tsAPOBEC3) proteins as active inhibitors of HIV-1 particle infectivity, with virus infectivity reduced 10- to 1,000-fold. Unlike human APOBEC3G, the tsA3Z2c-Z1b protein was not degraded by the HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) but markedly restricted HIV-1 replication through mutagenicity and reverse transcription inhibition. The pooled knockout of tsA3Z2c-Z1b partially restored the infectivity of the HIV-1 progeny. This work suggests that tsAPOBEC3 proteins serve as an additional barrier to the development of HIV-1 tree shrew models, even when virus entry is overcome by exogenous expression of human CD4. IMPORTANCE The development of animal models is critical for studying human diseases and their pathogenesis and for evaluating drug and vaccine efficacy. For improved AIDS research, the ideal animal model of HIV-1 infection should be a small laboratory mammal that closely mimics virus replication in humans. Tree shrews exhibit considerable potential as animal models for the study of human diseases and therapeutic responses. Here, we report that human CD4-expressing tree shrew cells support the early steps of HIV-1 replication and that tree shrew CXCR4 is a functional coreceptor of HIV-1. However, tree shrew cells harbor additional restrictions that lead to the production of HIV-1 virions with low infectivity. Thus, the tsAPOBEC3 proteins are partial barriers to developing tree shrews as an HIV-1 model. Our results provide insight into the genetic basis of HIV inhibition in tree shrews and build a foundation for the establishment of gene-edited tree shrew HIV-1-infected models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Bio-safety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Bio-safety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Bio-safety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Bio-safety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Bio-safety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Bio-safety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Qi Guo
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Bio-safety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu SH, Zhang LH, Gao J, Guo JH, Xun XD, Xiang X, Cheng Q, Li Z, Zhu JY. NKG2D Enhances Double-Negative T Cell Regulation of B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650788. [PMID: 34220808 PMCID: PMC8242353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies reported a small subpopulation of TCRαβ+CD4-CD8- (double-negative) T cells that exert regulatory functions in the peripheral lymphocyte population. However, the origin of these double-negative T (DNT) cells is controversial. Some researchers reported that DNT cells originated from the thymus, and others argued that these cells are derived from peripheral immune induction. We report a possible mechanism for the induction of nonregulatory CD4+ T cells to become regulatory double-negative T (iDNT) cells in vitro. We found that immature bone marrow dendritic cells (CD86+MHC-II- DCs), rather than mature DCs (CD86+MHC-II+), induced high levels of iDNT cells. The addition of an anti-MHC-II antibody to the CD86+MHC-II+ DC group significantly increased induction. These iDNT cells promoted B cell apoptosis and inhibited B cell proliferation and plasma cell formation. A subgroup of iDNT cells expressed NKG2D. Compared to NKG2D- iDNT cells, NKG2D+ iDNT cells released more granzyme B to enhance B cell regulation. This enhancement may function via NKG2D ligands expressed on B cells following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. These results demonstrate that MHC-II impedes induction, and iDNT cells may be MHC independent. NKG2D expression on iDNT cells enhanced the regulatory function of these cells. Our findings elucidate one possible mechanism of the induction of peripheral immune tolerance and provide a potential treatment for chronic allograft rejection in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hua Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Hui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Heng Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Xun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Centre of Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Key Surgical Basic Research Laboratory of Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Centre of Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Key Surgical Basic Research Laboratory of Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Ye Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Organ Transplantation Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Centre of Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Key Surgical Basic Research Laboratory of Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rajashekar JK, Richard J, Beloor J, Prévost J, Anand SP, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Shan L, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Bourassa C, Gaudette F, Ullah I, Symmes K, Peric A, Lindemuth E, Bibollet-Ruche F, Park J, Chen HC, Kaufmann DE, Hahn BH, Sodroski J, Pazgier M, Flavell RA, Smith AB, Finzi A, Kumar P. Modulating HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein conformation to decrease the HIV-1 reservoir. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:904-916.e6. [PMID: 34019804 PMCID: PMC8214472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mc) sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by facilitating antibody recognition of epitopes that are otherwise occluded on the unliganded viral envelope (Env). Combining CD4mc with two families of CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies, which are frequently found in plasma of HIV-1-infected individuals, stabilizes Env in a conformation that is vulnerable to ADCC. We employed new-generation SRG-15 humanized mice, supporting natural killer (NK) cell and Fc-effector functions to demonstrate that brief treatment with CD4mc and CD4i-Abs significantly decreases HIV-1 replication, the virus reservoir and viral rebound after ART interruption. These effects required Fc-effector functions and NK cells, highlighting the importance of ADCC. Viral rebound was also suppressed in HIV-1+-donor cell-derived humanized mice supplemented with autologous HIV-1+-donor-derived plasma and CD4mc. These results indicate that CD4mc could have therapeutic utility in infected individuals for decreasing the size of the HIV-1 reservoir and/or achieving a functional cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi K Rajashekar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jagadish Beloor
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liang Shan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly Symmes
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Peric
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Lindemuth
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederic Bibollet-Ruche
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jun Park
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Priti Kumar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu Q, Zhang P, Miao H, Lin Y, Kwon YD, Kwong PD, Rikhtegaran-Tehrani Z, Seaman MS, DeVico AL, Sajadi MM, Lusso P. Rational Engraftment of Quaternary-Interactive Acidic Loops for Anti-HIV-1 Antibody Improvement. J Virol 2021; 95:e00159-21. [PMID: 33827946 PMCID: PMC8315909 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00159-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are the focus of increasing interest for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prevention and treatment. Although several bNAbs are already under clinical evaluation, the development of antibodies with even greater potency and breadth remains a priority. Recently, we reported a novel strategy for improving bNAbs against the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) of gp120 by engraftment of the elongated framework region 3 (FR3) from VRC03, which confers the ability to establish quaternary interactions with a second gp120 protomer. Here, we applied this strategy to a new series of anti-CD4bs bNAbs (N49 lineage) that already possess high potency and breadth. The resultant chimeric antibodies bound the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer with a higher affinity than their parental forms. Likewise, their neutralizing capacity against a global panel of HIV-1 Envs was also increased. The introduction of additional modifications further enhanced the neutralization potency. We also tried engrafting the elongated CDR1 of the heavy chain from bNAb 1-18, another highly potent quaternary-binding antibody, onto several VRC01-class bNAbs, but none of them was improved. These findings point to the highly selective requirements for the establishment of quaternary contact with the HIV-1 Env trimer. The improved anti-CD4bs antibodies reported here may provide a helpful complement to current antibody-based protocols for the therapy and prevention of HIV-1 infection.IMPORTANCE Monoclonal antibodies represent one of the most important recent innovations in the fight against infectious diseases. Although potent antibodies can be cloned from infected individuals, various strategies can be employed to improve their activity or pharmacological features. Here, we improved a lineage of very potent antibodies that target the receptor-binding site of HIV-1 by engineering chimeric molecules containing a fragment from a different monoclonal antibody. These engineered antibodies are promising candidates for development of therapeutic or preventive approaches against HIV/AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Liu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huiyi Miao
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yin Lin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Young Do Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zahra Rikhtegaran-Tehrani
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony L DeVico
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad M Sajadi
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paolo Lusso
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xiong K, Sun W, Wang H, Xie J, Su B, Fan L. The frequency and dynamics of CD4 + mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Cell Immunol 2021; 365:104381. [PMID: 34049011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MAIT cells are unconventional innate-like T lymphocytes contributing to host immune protection against Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. CD4- MAIT cells play a major role in immune protection against tuberculosis (TB), however, the role of CD4+ MAIT cells was elusive due to their low abundance. We firstly investigated the frequency and functions of CD4+ MAIT cells in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients before and after anti-TB treatment. We found that the frequency of Mtb-reactive CD4+ MAIT cells and IFN-γ, granzyme B (GrzB), CD69 expression on them were increased while LAG-3+ cells of them were decreased in PTB patients. After the treatment, the frequency of Mtb-reactive CD4+ MAIT cells and CD69, IFN-γ, GrzB expression on them were decreased while LAG-3 increased. The results indicated the expression profile is distinct between CD4+ MAIT cells and CD4- MAIT cells in PTB patients, the increased IFN-γ and GrzB expression of CD4+ MAIT cells play a role in anti-TB immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Xiong
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxiu Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bo Su
- Lab Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Fan
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lu Y, Jiang R, Freyn AW, Wang J, Strohmeier S, Lederer K, Locci M, Zhao H, Angeletti D, O’Connor KC, Kleinstein SH, Nachbagauer R, Craft J. CD4+ follicular regulatory T cells optimize the influenza virus-specific B cell response. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200547. [PMID: 33326020 PMCID: PMC7748821 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells control B cell responses through the modulation of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and germinal center development while suppressing autoreactivity; however, their role in the regulation of productive germinal center B cell responses and humoral memory is incompletely defined. We show that Tfr cells promote antigen-specific germinal center B cell responses upon influenza virus infection. Following viral challenge, we found that Tfr cells are necessary for robust generation of virus-specific, long-lived plasma cells, antibody production against both hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), the two major influenza virus glycoproteins, and appropriate regulation of the BCR repertoire. To further investigate the functional relevance of Tfr cells during viral challenge, we used a sequential immunization model with repeated exposure of antigenically partially conserved strains of influenza viruses, revealing that Tfr cells promote recall antibody responses against the conserved HA stalk region. Thus, Tfr cells promote antigen-specific B cell responses and are essential for the development of long-term humoral memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Roy Jiang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alec W. Freyn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Katlyn Lederer
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michela Locci
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin C. O’Connor
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yuan Y, Jacobs CA, Llorente Garcia I, Pereira PM, Lawrence SP, Laine RF, Marsh M, Henriques R. Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Imaging of T-Cell Plasma Membrane CD4 Redistribution upon HIV-1 Binding. Viruses 2021; 13:142. [PMID: 33478139 PMCID: PMC7835772 DOI: 10.3390/v13010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step of cellular entry for the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) occurs through the binding of its envelope protein (Env) with the plasma membrane receptor CD4 and co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 on susceptible cells, primarily CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Although there is considerable knowledge of the molecular interactions between Env and host cell receptors that lead to successful fusion, the precise way in which HIV-1 receptors redistribute to sites of virus binding at the nanoscale remains unknown. Here, we quantitatively examine changes in the nanoscale organisation of CD4 on the surface of CD4+ T cells following HIV-1 binding. Using single-molecule super-resolution imaging, we show that CD4 molecules are distributed mostly as either individual molecules or small clusters of up to 4 molecules. Following virus binding, we observe a local 3-to-10-fold increase in cluster diameter and molecule number for virus-associated CD4 clusters. Moreover, a similar but smaller magnitude reorganisation of CD4 was also observed with recombinant gp120. For one of the first times, our results quantify the nanoscale CD4 reorganisation triggered by HIV-1 on host CD4+ T cells. Our quantitative approach provides a robust methodology for characterising the nanoscale organisation of plasma membrane receptors in general with the potential to link spatial organisation to function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
| | - Caron A. Jacobs
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | | | - Pedro M. Pereira
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
- Bacterial Cell Biology, MOSTMICRO, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Scott P. Lawrence
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
| | - Romain F. Laine
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mark Marsh
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kayesh MEH, Hashem MA, Maetani F, Eiei T, Mochizuki K, Ochiai S, Ito A, Ito N, Sakurai H, Asai T, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. CD4, CD8b, and Cytokines Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Different Subtypes of KoRV from Koalas ( Phascolarctos cinereus) in a Japanese Zoo. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121415. [PMID: 33316950 PMCID: PMC7764738 DOI: 10.3390/v12121415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Koala retrovirus (KoRV) poses a major threat to koala health and conservation, and currently has 10 identified subtypes: an endogenous subtype (KoRV-A) and nine exogenous subtypes (KoRV-B to KoRV-J). However, subtype-related variations in koala immune response to KoRV are uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated KoRV-related immunophenotypic changes in a captive koala population (Hirakawa zoo, Japan) with a range of subtype infection profiles (KoRV-A only vs. KoRV-A with KoRV-B and/or -C), based on qPCR measurements of CD4, CD8b, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A mRNA expression in unstimulated and concanavalin (Con)-A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although CD4, CD8b, and IL-17A expression did not differ between KoRV subtype infection profiles, IL-6 expression was higher in koalas with exogenous infections (both KoRV-B and KoRV-C) than those with the endogenous subtype only. IL-10 expression did not significantly differ between subtype infection profiles but did show a marked increase—accompanying decreased CD4:CD8b ratio—in a koala with lymphoma and co-infected with KoRV-A and -B, thus suggesting immunosuppression. Taken together, the findings of this study provide insights into koala immune response to multiple KoRV subtypes, which can be exploited for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for this iconic marsupial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.E.H.K.); (M.A.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abul Hashem
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.E.H.K.); (M.A.H.)
- Department of Health, Chattogram City Corporation, Chattogram 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Fumie Maetani
- Hirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan; (F.M.); (T.E.); (K.M.); (S.O.); (A.I.); (N.I.); (H.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Taiki Eiei
- Hirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan; (F.M.); (T.E.); (K.M.); (S.O.); (A.I.); (N.I.); (H.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Kyoya Mochizuki
- Hirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan; (F.M.); (T.E.); (K.M.); (S.O.); (A.I.); (N.I.); (H.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Shinsaku Ochiai
- Hirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan; (F.M.); (T.E.); (K.M.); (S.O.); (A.I.); (N.I.); (H.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Hirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan; (F.M.); (T.E.); (K.M.); (S.O.); (A.I.); (N.I.); (H.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Nanao Ito
- Hirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan; (F.M.); (T.E.); (K.M.); (S.O.); (A.I.); (N.I.); (H.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Hiroko Sakurai
- Hirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan; (F.M.); (T.E.); (K.M.); (S.O.); (A.I.); (N.I.); (H.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Takayuki Asai
- Hirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan; (F.M.); (T.E.); (K.M.); (S.O.); (A.I.); (N.I.); (H.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.E.H.K.); (M.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-285-3589
| |
Collapse
|