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Hannan KE, Bourque SL, Passarella M, Radack J, Formanowski B, Lorch SA, Hwang SS. The association of maternal country/region of origin and nativity with infant mortality rate among Hispanic preterm infants. J Perinatol 2024; 44:179-186. [PMID: 38233581 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-01875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among US-born preterm infants of Hispanic mothers, we analyzed the unadjusted and adjusted infant mortality rate (IMR) by country/region of origin and maternal nativity status. STUDY DESIGN Using linked national US birth and death certificate data (2005-2014), we examined preterm infants of Hispanic mothers by subgroup and nativity. Clinical and sociodemographic covariates were included and the main outcome was death in the first year of life. RESULTS In our cohort of 891,216 preterm Hispanic infants, we demonstrated different rates of infant mortality by country and region of origin, but no difference between infants of Hispanic mothers who were US vs. foreign-born. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the need to disaggregate the heterogenous Hispanic birthing population into regional and national origin groups to better understand unique factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in order to develop more targeted interventions for these subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Hannan
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Bourque
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Molly Passarella
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Joshua Radack
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Brielle Formanowski
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Scott A Lorch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sunah S Hwang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
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2
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Parker-Collins W, Njie F, Goodman DA, Cox S, Chang J, Petersen EE, Beauregard JL. Pregnancy-Related Deaths by Hispanic Origin, United States, 2009-2018. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1320-1327. [PMID: 37672570 PMCID: PMC11002520 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe pregnancy-related mortality among Hispanic people by place of origin (country or region of Hispanic ancestry), 2009-2018. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study of pregnancy-related deaths among Hispanic people, stratified by place of origin (Central or South America, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Other and Unknown Hispanic), using Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System data, 2009-2018. We describe distributions of pregnancy-related deaths and pregnancy-related mortality ratios (number of pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 live births) overall and by place of origin for select demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: For 2009-2018, the overall pregnancy-related mortality ratio among Hispanic people was 11.5 pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 live births (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 10.8-12.2). In general, pregnancy-related mortality ratios were higher among older age groups (i.e., 35 years and older) and lower among those with higher educational attainment (i.e., college degree or higher). Approximately two in five pregnancy-related deaths among Hispanic people occurred on the day of delivery through 6 days postpartum. Place of origin-specific pregnancy-related mortality ratios ranged from 9.6 (95% CI: 5.8-15.0) among people of Cuban origin to 15.3 (95% CI: 12.4-18.3) among people of Puerto Rican origin. Hemorrhage and infection were the most frequent causes of pregnancy-related deaths overall among Hispanic people. People of Puerto Rican origin had a higher proportion of deaths because of cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: We identified differences in pregnancy-related mortality by place of origin among Hispanic people that can help inform prevention of pregnancy-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilda Parker-Collins
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fanny Njie
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - David A. Goodman
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shanna Cox
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeani Chang
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily E. Petersen
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- U.S. Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Beauregard
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Public Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- U.S. Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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3
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Bilani N, Itani M, Soweid L, Iska S, Bertasi T, Bertasi R, Yaghi M, Mohanna M, Dominguez B, Saravia D, Alley E, Nahleh Z, Arteta-Bulos R. Geographic Origin may Affect Outcomes for Hispanic Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the United States. Clin Lung Cancer 2023; 24:e219-e225. [PMID: 37271715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health thoroughly explored in the literature include insurance status, race, and ethnicity. There are over 50 million self-identifying Hispanics in the United States. This, however, represents a heterogeneous population. We used a national registry to investigate for significant differences in outcomes of Hispanic patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Unites states, by geographic region of origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified a cohort of Hispanic patients in the Unites states with NSCLC for which region of origin was documented within the 2004 to 2016 National Cancer Database (NCDB) registry. This included patients from Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, South and Central America, and the Dominican Republic. We performed multivariate logistic regression modeling to determine whether origin was a significant predictor of cancer staging at diagnosis, adjusting for age, sex, histology, grade, insurance status, and facility type. Race was not included due to a nonsignificant association with stage at diagnosis at the bivariate level in this cohort. Subsequently, we used Kaplan-Meier modeling to identify whether overall survival (OS) of Hispanic patients differed by origin. RESULTS A total of 12,557 Hispanic patients with NSCLC were included in this analysis. The breakdown by origin was as follows: n = 2071 (16.5%) Cuban, n = 2360 (18.8%) Puerto Rican, n = 4950 (39.4%) Mexican, n = 2329 (18.5%) from South or Central America, and n = 847 (6.7%) from the Dominican Republic. After controlling for age, sex, histology, grade, insurance status and treating facility type, we found that geographic origin was a significant predictor of advanced stage at diagnosis (P = .015). Compared to Cubans, patients of Puerto Rican origin were less likely to present with advanced disease (68.4% vs. 71.9%; OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.69-0.98; P = .026). We also identified a significant (log-rank P-value<.001) difference in OS by geographic origin, even at early-stages of diagnosis. Dominican patients with NSCLC exhibited the highest 5-year OS rate (63.3%), followed by patients from South/Central America (59.7%), Puerto Rico (52.3%), Mexico (45.9%), and Cuba (43.8%). CONCLUSION This study showed that for Hispanic individuals living in the Unites states, region/country of origin is significantly associated with outcomes, even after accounting for other known determinants of health. We suggest that region of origin should be studied further as a potential determinant of outcomes in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Bilani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside-West, New York, NY.
| | - Mira Itani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | | | - Sindu Iska
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - Tais Bertasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside-West, New York, NY
| | - Raphael Bertasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside-West, New York, NY
| | - Marita Yaghi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - Mohamed Mohanna
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - Barbara Dominguez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - Diana Saravia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - Evan Alley
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - Rafael Arteta-Bulos
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
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Vega Potler NJ, Zhang J, Hackley B, Choi J, Xie X, Punsky B, Pineda L, Shapiro A. Persistence of Emotional Distress in Unaccompanied Migrant Children and Adolescents Primarily From the Northern Triangle of Central America. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2318977. [PMID: 37338902 PMCID: PMC10282890 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.18977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance In the US, unaccompanied migrant children and adolescents (hereinafter referred to as children) are predominantly from Central America's Northern Triangle. While unaccompanied migrant children are at high risk for psychiatric sequelae due to complex traumatic exposures, longitudinal investigations of psychiatric distress after resettlement are lacking. Objective To identify factors associated with emotional distress and longitudinal changes in emotional distress among unaccompanied migrant children in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants For this retrospective cohort study, the 15-item Refugee Health Screener (RHS-15) was administered between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, to unaccompanied migrant children as part of their medical care to detect emotional distress. Follow-up RHS-15 results were included if they were completed before February 29, 2020. Median follow-up interval was 203 days (IQR, 113-375 days). The study was conducted in a federally qualified health center that provides medical, mental health, and legal services. Unaccompanied migrant children who completed the initial RHS-15 were eligible for analysis. Data were analyzed from April 18, 2022, to April 23, 2023. Exposures Traumatic events before migration, during migration, during detention, and after resettlement in the US. Main Outcomes and Measures Emotional distress, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, as indicated by the RHS-15 (ie, score ≥12 on items 1-14 or ≥5 on item 15). Results In total, 176 unaccompanied migrant children completed an initial RHS-15. They were primarily from Central America's Northern Triangle (153 [86.9%]), were mostly male (126 [71.6%]), and had a mean (SD) age of 16.9 (2.1) years. Of the 176 unaccompanied migrant children, 101 (57.4%) had screen results above the positive cutoff. Girls were more likely to have positive screen results than boys (odds ratio, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.15-5.34]; P = .02). Follow-up scores were available for 68 unaccompanied migrant children (38.6%). On the follow-up RHS-15, most scored above the positive cutoff (44 [64.7%]). Three-quarters of unaccompanied migrant children who scored above the positive cutoff initially continued to have positive scores at follow-up (30 of 40), and half of those with negative screen scores initially had positive scores at follow-up (14 of 28). Female vs male unaccompanied migrant children (unstandardized β = 5.14 [95% CI, 0.23-10.06]; P = .04) and initial total score (unstandardized β = 0.41 [95% CI, 0.18-0.64]; P = .001) were independently associated with increased follow-up RHS-15 total score. Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that unaccompanied migrant children are at high risk for emotional distress, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. The persistence of emotional distress suggests that unaccompanied migrant children would benefit from ongoing psychosocial and material support after resettlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan J. Vega Potler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Jessica Zhang
- Bronx Health Collective, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Barbara Hackley
- Bronx Health Collective, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Jaeun Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Xianhong Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Brenda Punsky
- Bronx Health Collective, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Lisa Pineda
- Bronx Health Collective, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Alan Shapiro
- Bronx Health Collective, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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5
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Elias S, Turkson‐Ocran R, Koirala B, Byiringiro S, Baptiste D, Himmelfarb CR, Commodore‐Mensah Y. Heterogeneity in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Latino Immigrant Subgroups: Evidence From the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027433. [PMID: 37158060 PMCID: PMC10227289 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The Latino population is a growing and diverse share of the US population. Previous studies have examined Latino immigrants as a homogenous group. The authors hypothesized that there would be heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Latino immigrant subgroups (from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Central America, or South America) compared with non-Latino White adults. Methods and Results A cross-sectional analysis of the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) among 548 739 individuals was performed. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were fitted to compare the prevalence of self-reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking, adjusting for known confounders. The authors included 474 968 non-Latino White adults and 73 771 Latino immigrants from Mexico (59%), Puerto Rico (7%), Cuba (6%), Dominican Republic (5%), Central America (15%), and South America (9%). Compared with White adults, Mexican immigrants had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.15-1.19]); Puerto Rican individuals had the highest prevalence of diabetes (PR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.45-1.83]); individuals from Central America had the highest prevalence of high cholesterol (PR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.04-1.28]); and individuals from the Dominican Republic had the highest prevalence of physical inactivity (PR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.18-1.32]). All Latino immigrant subgroups were less likely to be smokers than White adults. Conclusions The authors observed advantages and disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Latino immigrants. Aggregating data on Latino individuals may mask differences in cardiovascular disease risk and hinder efforts to reduce health disparities in this population. Study findings provide Latino group-specific actionable information and targets for improving cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth‐Alma Turkson‐Ocran
- Division of General MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | | | | | - Cheryl R. Himmelfarb
- Johns Hopkins School of NursingBaltimoreMD
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Yvonne Commodore‐Mensah
- Johns Hopkins School of NursingBaltimoreMD
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
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6
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Fernandes DM, Sirak KA, Ringbauer H, Sedig J, Rohland N, Cheronet O, Mah M, Mallick S, Olalde I, Culleton BJ, Adamski N, Bernardos R, Bravo G, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Candilio F, Demetz L, Carlson KSD, Eccles L, Freilich S, George RJ, Lawson AM, Mandl K, Marzaioli F, McCool WC, Oppenheimer J, Özdogan KT, Schattke C, Schmidt R, Stewardson K, Terrasi F, Zalzala F, Antúnez CA, Canosa EV, Colten R, Cucina A, Genchi F, Kraan C, La Pastina F, Lucci M, Maggiolo MV, Marcheco-Teruel B, Maria CT, Martínez C, París I, Pateman M, Simms TM, Sivoli CG, Vilar M, Kennett DJ, Keegan WF, Coppa A, Lipson M, Pinhasi R, Reich D. A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean. Nature 2021; 590:103-110. [PMID: 33361817 PMCID: PMC7864882 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Humans settled the Caribbean about 6,000 years ago, and ceramic use and intensified agriculture mark a shift from the Archaic to the Ceramic Age at around 2,500 years ago1-3. Here we report genome-wide data from 174 ancient individuals from The Bahamas, Haiti and the Dominican Republic (collectively, Hispaniola), Puerto Rico, Curaçao and Venezuela, which we co-analysed with 89 previously published ancient individuals. Stone-tool-using Caribbean people, who first entered the Caribbean during the Archaic Age, derive from a deeply divergent population that is closest to Central and northern South American individuals; contrary to previous work4, we find no support for ancestry contributed by a population related to North American individuals. Archaic-related lineages were >98% replaced by a genetically homogeneous ceramic-using population related to speakers of languages in the Arawak family from northeast South America; these people moved through the Lesser Antilles and into the Greater Antilles at least 1,700 years ago, introducing ancestry that is still present. Ancient Caribbean people avoided close kin unions despite limited mate pools that reflect small effective population sizes, which we estimate to be a minimum of 500-1,500 and a maximum of 1,530-8,150 individuals on the combined islands of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola in the dozens of generations before the individuals who we analysed lived. Census sizes are unlikely to be more than tenfold larger than effective population sizes, so previous pan-Caribbean estimates of hundreds of thousands of people are too large5,6. Confirming a small and interconnected Ceramic Age population7, we detect 19 pairs of cross-island cousins, close relatives buried around 75 km apart in Hispaniola and low genetic differentiation across islands. Genetic continuity across transitions in pottery styles reveals that cultural changes during the Ceramic Age were not driven by migration of genetically differentiated groups from the mainland, but instead reflected interactions within an interconnected Caribbean world1,8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kendra A Sirak
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harald Ringbauer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jakob Sedig
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew Mah
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iñigo Olalde
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brendan J Culleton
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Adamski
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Bernardos
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillermo Bravo
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Callan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Candilio
- Superintendency of Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the city of Cagliari and the provinces of Oristano and South Sardinia, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lea Demetz
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Laurie Eccles
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne Freilich
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard J George
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ann Marie Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirsten Mandl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabio Marzaioli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Campania University 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Weston C McCool
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jonas Oppenheimer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Kadir T Özdogan
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Schattke
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryan Schmidt
- CIBIO-InBIO, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippo Terrasi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Campania University 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Fatma Zalzala
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Roger Colten
- Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Cucina
- Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Francesco Genchi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Kraan
- National Archaeological-Anthropological Memory Management (NAAM), Willemstad, Curaçao
| | | | - Michaela Lucci
- DANTE Laboratory of Diet and Ancient Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Ingeborg París
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioantropológicas y Arqueológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Michael Pateman
- Turks and Caicos National Museum Foundation, Cockburn Town, Turks and Caicos Islands
- AEX Bahamas Maritime Museum, Freeport, Bahamas
| | - Tanya M Simms
- Department of Biology, University of The Bahamas, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Carlos Garcia Sivoli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioantropológicas y Arqueológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Miguel Vilar
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Douglas J Kennett
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - William F Keegan
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mark Lipson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Arcury TA, Trejo G, Moore D, Howard TD, Quandt SA, Ip EH, Sandberg JC. "It's Worse to Breathe It Than to Smoke It": Secondhand Smoke Beliefs in a Group of Mexican and Central American Immigrants in the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8630. [PMID: 33233697 PMCID: PMC7699747 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This analysis describes beliefs about secondhand smoke and its health effects held by Mexican and Central American immigrants in North Carolina. Data from 60 semistructured, in-depth interviews were subjected to saliency analysis. Participant discussions of secondhand smoke centered on four domains: (1) familiarity and definition of secondhand smoke, (2) potency of secondhand smoke, (3) general health effects of secondhand smoke, and (4) child health effects of secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke was generally believed to be more harmful than primary smoke. Mechanisms for the potency and health effects of secondhand smoke involved the smell of secondhand smoke, secondhand smoke being an infection and affecting the immune system, and personal strength being protective of secondhand smoke. Understanding these health beliefs informs a framework for further health education and intervention to reduce smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.T.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Grisel Trejo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.T.); (J.C.S.)
| | - DaKysha Moore
- Department of Visual, Performing, & Communication Arts, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, NC 28216, USA;
| | - Timothy D. Howard
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Edward H. Ip
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Joanne C. Sandberg
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.T.); (J.C.S.)
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8
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Infante C, Leyva-Flores R, Gutierrez JP, Quintino-Perez F, Torres-Robles CA, Gomez-Zaldívar M. Rape, transactional sex and related factors among migrants in transit through Mexico to the USA. Cult Health Sex 2020; 22:1145-1160. [PMID: 31682779 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1662088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Migrants in transit through Mexico to the USA are at risk of violence, including sexual violence, during the immigration process. This study sought to identify the socio-demographic factors, migration experiences and health conditions associated with the likelihood of sexual violence. A mixed methods study was conducted between 2012 and 2015. The quantitative phase of the work involved a non-random sample (n = 3539) of migrants who were the users of migrant shelters in Mexico. A probit regression model was used to identify the variables associated with the experience of sexual violence by participants. A total of 58 semi-structured interviews took place with migrants who had either experienced sexual violence or who were acquainted with the sexual violence experienced by other migrants. Of those who experienced any kind of violence, 5.7% reported having experienced sexual violence, with statistically significant differences by gender. According to male migrants, women in transit had the advantage of having an 'entry ticket [to the USA] between their legs'. The dynamics of undocumented transit migration provide multiple opportunities for gender-based inequality and sexual violence. We consider the major underreporting of sexual violence due to the stigma and normalisation of violence, in a social context marked by impunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Infante
- Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - René Leyva-Flores
- Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Juan Pablo Gutierrez
- Centre for Policy, Population and Health Research, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Frida Quintino-Perez
- College of Science and Humanities, Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Mariajosé Gomez-Zaldívar
- Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Gartland
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.G.G.), Global Health (M.G.G.), Pediatrics (M.G.G., F.S.D.), and Psychiatry (J.A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.G.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (M.G.G.), Psychiatry (J.A.H.), and Pediatrics (F.S.D.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; and the Department of Pediatrics, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA (M.G.G.)
| | - Jose A Hidalgo
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.G.G.), Global Health (M.G.G.), Pediatrics (M.G.G., F.S.D.), and Psychiatry (J.A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.G.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (M.G.G.), Psychiatry (J.A.H.), and Pediatrics (F.S.D.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; and the Department of Pediatrics, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA (M.G.G.)
| | - Fiona S Danaher
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.G.G.), Global Health (M.G.G.), Pediatrics (M.G.G., F.S.D.), and Psychiatry (J.A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.G.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (M.G.G.), Psychiatry (J.A.H.), and Pediatrics (F.S.D.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; and the Department of Pediatrics, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA (M.G.G.)
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10
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Szlyk HS, Berger Cardoso J, Barros Lane L, Evans K. "Me Perdía en la Escuela": Latino Newcomer Youths in the U.S. School System. Soc Work 2020; 65:131-139. [PMID: 32236470 PMCID: PMC7927750 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unaccompanied minors, or "newcomer youths," come to the United States from Mexico and Central America to escape violence and persecution, and to seek financial and academic opportunities. Many newcomer youths arrive with gaps in their formal education attributed to the immigration process and the heterogeneity of their pre-U.S. lives. Once they are enrolled in the U.S. school system, many educators struggle to accommodate the academic needs of these students. Drawing on the framework of social and cultural capital, this article aimed to expand the current knowledge on the experiences of Latino unaccompanied youths in the U.S. school system. A thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 30 newcomer students and 10 key informants revealed six themes: socialización con los demás compañeros (getting along with the other students); poca confianza (little trust); no sé lo que decían (I do not know what they were saying); it is a hard landing; education, interrupted; and estoy agradecido (I am grateful). The article offers suggestions for school social workers and educators on how to promote academic success, student resilience, and school connectedness for a vulnerable youth population.
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11
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Fernández-Esquer ME, Hughes AE, Pruitt SL. Exposures at day labor corners: using existing georeferenced data to describe features of urban environments. Ann Epidemiol 2019; 39:54-62. [PMID: 31629605 PMCID: PMC6888997 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Latino day laborers are male immigrants from mainly Mexico and Central America who congregate at corners, that is, informal hiring sites, to solicit short-term employment. Studies describing the occupational environment of Latino day laborers traditionally measure jobsite exposures, not corner exposures. We sought to elucidate exposures at corners by describing their demographic, socioeconomic, occupational, business, built, and physical environmental characteristics and by comparing corner characteristics with other locations in a large urban county in Texas. METHODS We used multiple publicly available data sets from the U.S. Census, local tax authority, Google's Nearby Places Application Programming Interface, and Environmental Protection Agency at fine spatial scale to measure 34 characteristics of corners with matched comparison locations. RESULTS Corners were located close to highways, high-traffic intersections, hardware and moving stores, and gas stations. Corners were in neighborhoods with large foreign-born and Latino populations, high rates of limited English proficiency, and high construction-sector employment. CONCLUSIONS Publicly available data sources describe demographic, socioeconomic, occupational, business, built, and physical environment characteristics of urban environments at fine spatial scale. Using these data, we identified unique corner-based exposures experienced by day laborers. Future research is needed to understand how corner environments may influence health for this uniquely vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy E Hughes
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX.
| | - Sandi L Pruitt
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX
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12
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Fox RS, Carnethon MR, Gallo LC, Wiley JF, Isasi CR, Daviglus ML, Cai J, Davis SM, Giachello AL, Gonzalez P, McCurley JL, Schneiderman N, Penedo FJ. Perceived Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Risk Among US Hispanics/Latinos in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Int J Behav Med 2019; 26:331-342. [PMID: 31236872 PMCID: PMC7294575 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors including elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, impaired fasting glucose, and abdominal obesity, which disproportionately affects Hispanics/Latinos. The present study examined associations between perceived discrimination and MetS in Hispanic/Latino adults from various background groups (i.e., Dominican, Central American, Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South American). METHODS Data were obtained from 5174 Hispanics/Latinos who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. MetS components and covariates were measured at a baseline examination, and perceived discrimination was assessed within 9 months of baseline. Path analysis modeled associations of perceived discrimination with MetS prevalence and each of the six components of MetS, controlling for age, sex, income, acculturation, physical activity, diet, smoking, and alcohol use. RESULTS Among the full cohort, perceived discrimination was not associated with MetS prevalence in any of the models evaluated. Higher perceived discrimination at work/school was associated with larger waist circumference. When examining background groups separately, higher perceived ethnicity-associated threat was related to increased MetS prevalence only among individuals of Central American background. Differential patterns of association between perceived discrimination and MetS components were found for different background groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall results suggested that perceived discrimination was not strongly or consistently associated with MetS among Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina S Fox
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joshua F Wiley
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonia M Davis
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aida L Giachello
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia Gonzalez
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L McCurley
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Frank J Penedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Kumar R. Sofia's Story: The Sad Reality Behind a Humanitarian Crisis. AMA J Ethics 2019; 21:E111-E112. [PMID: 30672428 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2019.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This graphic narrative is a storybook drawn on sketch paper with graphite and charcoal pencils and scanned into Microsoft Word. Sofia represents children of undocumented families currently living in the United States who are being denied fundamental human rights including health care, education, shelter, and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohail Kumar
- A resident in triple board (pediatrics/adult psychiatry/child and adolescent psychiatry) at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana
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14
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De La Rosa M, Huang H, Brook JS, Sanchez M, Rojas P, Kanamori M, Cano MÁ, Martinez M. Sociocultural determinants of substance misuse among adult Latinas of Caribbean and South and Central American descent: A longitudinal study of a community-based sample. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018; 17:303-323. [PMID: 27436513 PMCID: PMC5638709 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2016.1201716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the socio-cultural determinants of alcohol and drug misuse trajectories among adult Latinas. To assess the associations between socio-cultural determinants and alcohol and drug misuse, we used a longitudinal design to follow a sample of adult Latina mother-daughter-dyads (N = 267) for ten years, and collected four waves of data. They were adult Latinas of Caribbean, South and Central American descent. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of the following factors: (1) Individual Determinants (e.g., socioeconomic conditions, mental health, and medical status); (2) Cultural Determinants (e.g., acculturation to US culture); (3) Interpersonal Determinants (e.g., interpersonal support, relationship stress, mother-daughter attachment, intimate partner violence); (4) Community Determinants (e.g., neighborhood related stress); and (5) Institutional Determinants (e.g., religious involvement, involvement with the criminal justice system). Using hierarchical modeling, we found that taking prescribed medication on a regular basis for a physical problem, religious involvement, and mother-daughter attachment were negatively associated with drug misuse, while involvement in criminal activity was positively associated with drug misuse. Regarding alcohol misuse, results showed that age at arrival in the United States, number of years in the United States, and religious involvement were negatively associated with alcohol misuse, while involvement in criminal activity was positively associated with alcohol misuse. Based on our findings, explicit implications are provided for culturally relevant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Huang
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Patria Rojas
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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15
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Velasquez MC, Chinea FM, Kwon D, Prakash NS, Barboza MP, Gonzalgo ML, Ritch CR, Pollack A, Parekh DJ, Punnen S. The Influence of Ethnic Heterogeneity on Prostate Cancer Mortality After Radical Prostatectomy in Hispanic or Latino Men: A Population-based Analysis. Urology 2018; 117:108-114. [PMID: 29630954 PMCID: PMC6062850 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if recently found disparities in prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) among Mexican and Puerto Rican men remained true in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), where the true grade and extent of cancer are known and can be accounted for. MATERIALS AND METHODS Men diagnosed with localized-regional prostate cancer who had undergone RP as primary treatment were identified (N = 180,794). Patients were divided into the following racial and ethnic groups: non-Hispanic white (NHW) (n = 135,358), non-Hispanic black (NHB) (n = 21,882), Hispanic or Latino (n = 15,559), and Asian American or Pacific Islander (n = 7995). Hispanic or Latino men were further categorized into the following subgroups: Mexican (n = 3323) and South or Central American, excluding Brazilian (n = 1296), Puerto Rican (n = 409), and Cuban (n = 218). A multivariable analysis was conducted using competing risk regression in the prediction of PCSM. RESULTS This analysis revealed hidden disparities in surgical outcomes for prostate cancer. In the multivariable analysis, Hispanic or Latino men (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, P = .207) did not show a significant difference in PCSM compared with NHW men. When breaking Hispanic or Latino men into their country of origin or ancestry, Puerto Rican men were found to have significantly worse PCSM than NHW men (HR = 2.55, P = .004) and NHB men (HR = 2.33, P = .016). CONCLUSION Our findings reveal higher rates of PCSM for Puerto Rican men after RP than for both NHW and NHB men. At a minimum, these findings need further validation and should be considered in the screening and management of these men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix M Chinea
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Deukwoo Kwon
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Mark L Gonzalgo
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Chad R Ritch
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Alan Pollack
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Dipen J Parekh
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Sanoj Punnen
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
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Alpizar D, Lagana L, Plunkett SW, French BF. Evaluating the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire's psychometric properties with Mexican and Central American descent university students. Psychol Assess 2018; 30:719-728. [PMID: 29199838 PMCID: PMC7591264 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression can be a serious aliment influencing the lives of millions of persons. Person's health conditions worsen and daily functioning declines in the presence of depression. However, little attention has been given to how depression is accurately assessed in diverse populations from other countries residing in the United States. Thus, this study examined the factor structure, factorial invariance, concurrent validity, and convergent validity of the widely used 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) among emerging adults of Mexican and Central American (e.g., Salvadorians, Guatemalans) men and women residing in the United States. Undergraduate student participants (n = 2,782) completed an online or paper-and-pencil version of the assessment. Support was found for two-factor and one-factor solutions; however, the unidimensional structure was recommended due to the very high correlation between the two factors (r ≥ .87). The unidimensional scale was invariant between (a) Mexican and Central American descent and (b) men and women. Depressive symptoms (as measured in the PHQ-8) were significantly correlated with another valid and reliable measured of depression, and scores on the PHQ-8 were significantly correlated with theoretically related variables (i.e., quality of life, parental support, and perceived stress). (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alpizar
- Educational Psychology, Washington State University, WA 99164-2136
| | - Luciana Lagana
- Professor, Department of Psychology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8255
| | - Scott W. Plunkett
- Professor, Department of Psychology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8255
| | - Brian F. French
- Professor, Educational Psychology, Washington State University, WA 99164-2136
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17
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Koski A, Heymann J. Child Marriage in the United States: How Common Is the Practice, And Which Children Are at Greatest Risk? Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2018; 50:59-65. [PMID: 29664190 DOI: 10.1363/psrh.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Marriage before the age of 18, commonly referred to as child marriage, is legal under varying conditions across the United States. The prevalence of child marriage among recent cohorts is unknown. METHODS American Community Survey data for 2010-2014 were used to estimate the average national and state-level proportions of children who had ever been married. Prevalence was calculated by gender, race and ethnicity, and birthplace, and the living arrangements of currently married children were examined. RESULTS Approximately 6.2 of every 1,000 children surveyed had ever been married. Prevalence varied from more than 10 per 1,000 in West Virginia, Hawaii and North Dakota to less than four per 1,000 in Maine, Rhode Island and Wyoming. It was higher among girls than among boys (6.8 vs. 5.7 per 1,000), and was lower among white non-Hispanic children (5.0 per 1,000) than among almost every other racial or ethnic group studied; it was especially high among children of American Indian or Chinese descent (10.3 and 14.2, respectively). Immigrant children were more likely than U.S.-born children to have been married; prevalence among children from Mexico, Central America and the Middle East was 2-4 times that of children born in the United States. Only 20% of married children were living with their spouses; the majority of the rest were living with their parents. CONCLUSIONS Child marriage occurs throughout the country. Research on the social forces that perpetuate child marriage is needed to inform efforts to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Koski
- Postdoctoral Scholar, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Jody Heymann
- Dean, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health
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18
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Andrade EL, Evans WD, Barrett ND, Cleary SD, Edberg MC, Alvayero RD, Kierstead EC, Beltran A. Development of the place-based Adelante social marketing campaign for prevention of substance use, sexual risk and violence among Latino immigrant youth. Health Educ Res 2018; 33:125-144. [PMID: 29329436 PMCID: PMC6658711 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Immigrant Latino youth represent a high-risk subgroup that should be targeted with health promotion efforts. However, there are considerable barriers to engagement in health-related programming. Little is known about the engagement possibilities of social marketing campaigns and digital strategies for traditionally 'hard-to-reach' immigrants, underscoring the importance of testing these techniques with immigrant Latino adolescents. We developed and piloted a place-based social marketing campaign in coordination with the branded, Positive Youth Development-based (PYD) Adelante intervention targeting risk factors for co-occurring youth substance abuse, sexual risk and violence. Building on prior research, we conducted a four-phase formative research process, and planned the Adelante social marketing campaign based on findings from one group interview and ongoing consultation with Adelante staff (n=8) and four focus groups with youth (n=35). Participants identified four overarching campaign themes, and suggested portrayal of resilient, proud youth who achieved goals despite adversity. Youth guided selection of campaign features and engagement strategies, including message/visual content, stylistic elements, and a mixed language approach. We developed a 12-month campaign to be delivered via print ads, multi-platform social media promotion, contests, youth-generated videos, blog posts, and text messaging. We describe the process and outcome of campaign development and make recommendations for future campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Andrade
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - W D Evans
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - N D Barrett
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - S D Cleary
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - M C Edberg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - R D Alvayero
- Maryland Multicultural Youth Centers, 8700 Georgia Ave, Suite 500 Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - E C Kierstead
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - A Beltran
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Meca A, Sabet RF, Farrelly CM, Benitez CG, Schwartz SJ, Gonzales-Backen M, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Unger JB, Zamboanga BL, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Picariello S, Des Rosiers SE, Soto DW, Pattarroyo M, Villamar JA, Lizzi KM. Personal and cultural identity development in recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents: Links with psychosocial functioning. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2017; 23:348-361. [PMID: 28206778 PMCID: PMC5491363 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined directionality between personal (i.e., coherence and confusion) and cultural identity (i.e., ethnic and U.S.) as well as their additive effects on psychosocial functioning in a sample of recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents. METHOD The sample consisted of 302 recent (<5 years) immigrant Hispanic adolescents (53% boys; Mage = 14.51 years at baseline; SD = .88 years) from Miami and Los Angeles who participated in a longitudinal study. RESULTS Results indicated a bidirectional relationship between personal identity coherence and both ethnic and U.S. identity. Ethnic and U.S. affirmation/commitment (A/C) positively and indirectly predicted optimism and negatively predicted rule breaking and aggression through coherence. However, confusion predicted lower self-esteem and optimism and higher depressive symptoms, rule breaking, unprotected sex, and cigarette use. Results further indicated significant site differences. In Los Angeles (but not Miami), ethnic A/C also negatively predicted confusion. CONCLUSION Given the direct effects of coherence and confusion on nearly every outcome, it may be beneficial for interventions to target personal identity. However, in contexts such as Los Angeles, which has at least some ambivalence toward recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents, it may be more beneficial for interventions to also target cultural identity to reduce confusion and thus promote positive development. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Barrett N, Colón-Ramos U, Elkins A, Rivera I, Evans WD, Edberg M. Formative Research to Design a Promotional Campaign to Increase Drinking Water among Central American Latino Youth in an Urban Area. J Health Commun 2017; 22:459-468. [PMID: 28426322 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1303557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Latinos consume more sugary drinks and less water than other demographic groups. Our objective was to understand beverage choice motivations and test promotional concepts that can encourage Central American Latino urban youth to drink more water. Two rounds of focus group discussions were conducted (n = 10 focus groups, 61 participants, 6-18 years old). Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive and deductive coding approaches. Youth motivations for drinking water were shaped by level of thirst, weather, energy, and perceptions of health benefits. Youth were discouraged from drinking water due to its taste and perceptions of the safety and cleanliness of tap water. Youth beverage preference depended on what their friends were drinking. Availability of water versus other beverages at home and other settings influenced their choice. Promotional materials that included mixed language, informative messages about the benefits of drinking water, and celebrities or athletes who were active, energized, and drinking water were preferred. A promotional campaign to increase water consumption among these Latino youth should include bicultural messages to underscore the power of water to quench true thirst, highlight the health benefits of drinking water, and address the safety of tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Barrett
- a Department of Global Health , Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- a Department of Global Health , Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Allison Elkins
- a Department of Global Health , Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
| | | | - W Douglas Evans
- a Department of Global Health , Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
- c Department of Prevention and Community Health , Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Mark Edberg
- c Department of Prevention and Community Health , Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
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Giovannini P, Howes MJR. Medicinal plants used to treat snakebite in Central America: Review and assessment of scientific evidence. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 199:240-256. [PMID: 28179114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Every year between 1.2 and 5.5 million people worldwide are victims of snakebites, with about 400,000 left permanently injured. In Central America an estimated 5500 snakebite cases are reported by health centres, but this is likely to be an underestimate due to unreported cases in rural regions. The aim of this study is to review the medicinal plants used traditionally to treat snakebites in seven Central American countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed on published primary data on medicinal plants of Central America and those specifically pertaining to use against snakebites. Plant use reports for traditional snakebite remedies identified in primary sources were extracted and entered in a database, with data analysed in terms of the most frequent numbers of use reports. The scientific evidence that might support the local uses of the most frequently reported species was also examined. RESULTS A total of 260 independent plant use reports were recorded in the 34 sources included in this review, encompassing 208 species used to treat snakebite in Central America. Only nine species were reported in at least three studies: Cissampelos pareira L., Piper amalago L., Aristolochia trilobata L., Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce, Strychnos panamensis Seem., Dorstenia contrajerva L., Scoparia dulcis L., Hamelia patens Jacq., and Simaba cedron Planch. Genera with the highest number of species used to treat snakebite were Piper, Aristolochia, Hamelia, Ipomoea, Passiflora and Peperomia. The extent of the scientific evidence available to understand any pharmacological basis for their use against snakebites varied between different plant species. CONCLUSION At least 208 plant species are traditionally used to treat snakebite in Central America but there is a lack of clinical research to evaluate their efficacy and safety. Available pharmacological data suggest different plant species may target different symptoms of snakebites, such as pain or anxiety, although more studies are needed to further evaluate the scientific basis for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Giovannini
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK.
| | - Melanie-Jayne R Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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22
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Sandberg JC, Rodriguez G, Howard TD, Quandt SA, Arcury TA. "He Beat You in the Blood": Knowledge and Beliefs About the Transmission of Traits Among Latinos from Mexico and Central America. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 19:170-178. [PMID: 26660317 PMCID: PMC4903094 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Genomic literacy is becoming increasingly important. Knowledge about how Latinos from Mexico and Central America (MCA) think and speak about how traits are shared by family members is needed. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 MCA Latino men and women. Interviews elicited detailed information about participant beliefs and knowledge about intergenerational trait transmission, genes and genetics. Transcripts were systematically analyzed. Most participants had familiarity with the role of genes. Knowledge about gene function was limited. Participants used "blood talk" to discuss awareness that traits are transmitted between generations and to express that blood itself plays a crucial role often, but not necessarily, in conjunction with genes or DNA to transmit traits. Health educators need to directly address potential confusion about blood's role in the transmission of traits. Culturally and linguistically appropriate materials are needed to present genetic and genomic information to MCA Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C Sandberg
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Guadalupe Rodriguez
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Timothy D Howard
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND For individuals with HIV positive status, multiple barriers exist to accessing and re-entering employment. Studies on employment for people living with HIV lack a detailed consideration of race and ethnicity. This is the first article that focuses on barriers to employment for the HIV positive Latino community in the Canadian context. OBJECTIVE To document the barriers that a sample of HIV positive Latinos and Latinas encounter in finding and maintaining employment in Toronto. METHODS A non-probability sample of immigrant and refugee Latino men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Toronto participated in in-depth interviews concerning their experiences in the labor market, emphasizing the barriers that they have faced in access to employment. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and later analysed with NVivo 9. RESULTS Two sets of barriers emerged from the analysis: structural barriers that immigrants encounter in access to employment, such as language difficulties, lack of Canadian work experience and anti-immigrant feelings and barriers to employment for HIV positive individuals, principally HIV related stigma and health related issues. CONCLUSIONS Due to their intersectional identities as immigrants/refugees and HIV positive individuals, participants face compounded barriers to employment: Language difficulties, lack of migrant status and Canadian work experience, anti-immigrant sentiments in the labor market, ageism, HIV related stigma and side effects of medications among other barriers related with an HIV positive condition. Such barriers locate participants in a marginalized position in Canadian society.
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24
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Melius J, Cannonier C. Exploring U.S. Hispanic parents' length of time in the United States: Influences on obesity outcomes among U.S. Hispanic children. Soc Work Health Care 2016; 55:826-842. [PMID: 27805497 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2016.1223259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2009 California Health Interview Survey was used to examine effects of Hispanic immigrant parents' length of stay (less or more than 10 years) in the United States on the overweight and obesity outcomes among their children (N = 956, aged 6-11). The socio-ecological model of health was used to conceptualize health risk behaviors and associations with overweight/obesity outcomes among children. Weight (using body mass index) among children was influenced by parents' length of stay, country of origin, income, and urban/rural residence. Future directions for social work professionals working with obese Hispanic children and their families are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janella Melius
- a Department of Human Services Studies , Winston Salem State University , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Colin Cannonier
- b Jack C. Massey College of Business , Belmont University , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
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25
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Costas-Muñiz R, Jandorf L, Philip E, Cohen N, Villagra C, Sriphanlop P, Schofield E, DuHamel K. Examining the Impact of Latino Nativity, Migration, and Acculturation Factors on Colonoscopy Screening. J Community Health 2016; 41:903-9. [PMID: 26898818 PMCID: PMC5245176 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Latinos are a diverse population comprised of multiple countries of origin with varying cultural profiles. This study examines differences in colonoscopy completion across place of birth and migration-related factors in a sample of predominantly Dominican and Puerto Rican Latinos living in New York City after receiving a recommendation for colonoscopy screening and navigation services. The sample included 702 Latinos recruited for two cancer screening projects targeting Latinos eligible for colonoscopy who seek healthcare in New York City. Participants completed a survey that included sociodemographic, health-related questions, psychosocial assessments and cancer screening practices, in Spanish or English. Migration, acculturation, and language factors were found to predict colonoscopy completion. The results indicated that Latinos born in the Dominican Republic and Central America were more likely to complete a screening colonoscopy than their counterparts born in the US. Further, those who emigrated at an older age, who have resided in the US for less than 20 years, preferred Spanish and those with lower US acculturation levels were also more likely to complete a screening colonoscopy. The findings suggest that Latinos who are less acculturated to the US are more likely to complete a screening colonoscopy after receiving a physician recommendation for colonoscopy screening. The results provide important information that can inform clinical practice and public health interventions. Continued attention to cultural and migration influences are important areas for cancer screening intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Costas-Muñiz
- Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, 2nd Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lina Jandorf
- Department of Oncological Services, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Suite 3-70, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Errol Philip
- Notre Dame Laboratory for Psycho-Oncology Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Noah Cohen
- Department of Oncological Services, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Suite 3-70, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cristina Villagra
- Department of Oncological Services, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Suite 3-70, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pathu Sriphanlop
- Department of Oncological Services, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Suite 3-70, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elizabeth Schofield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Katherine DuHamel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
- Department of Oncological Services, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, Suite 3-70, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Barr RG, Avilés-Santa L, Davis SM, Aldrich TK, Gonzalez F, Henderson AG, Kaplan RC, LaVange L, Liu K, Loredo JS, Mendes ES, Ni A, Ries A, Salathe M, Smith LJ. Pulmonary Disease and Age at Immigration among Hispanics. Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:386-95. [PMID: 26451874 PMCID: PMC4803083 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201506-1211oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Asthma has been reported to be more prevalent among Hispanics of Puerto Rican heritage than among other Hispanics and among Hispanics born in the United States or who immigrated as children than among those who came as adults; however, direct comparisons across Hispanic groups are lacking. OBJECTIVES To test whether asthma is more prevalent among Hispanics of Puerto Rican heritage than among other Hispanic groups, whether asthma is associated with age of immigration, and whether chronic obstructive pulmonary disease varies by heritage in a large, population-based cohort of Hispanics in the United States. METHODS The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos researchers recruited a population-based probability sample of 16,415 Hispanics/Latinos, 18-74 years of age, in New York City, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego. Participants self-reported Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Central American, or South American heritage; birthplace; and, if relevant, age at immigration. A respiratory questionnaire and standardized spirometry were performed with post-bronchodilator measures for those with airflow limitation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma among Puerto Ricans (36.5%; 95% confidence interval, 33.6-39.5%) was higher than among other Hispanics (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.3-4.6). Hispanics who were born in the mainland United States or had immigrated as children had a higher asthma prevalence than those who had immigrated as adults (19.6, 19.4, and 14.1%, respectively; P < 0.001). Current asthma, bronchodilator responsiveness, and wheeze followed similar patterns. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence was higher among Puerto Ricans (14.1%) and Cubans (9.8%) than among other Hispanics (<6.0%), but it did not vary across Hispanic heritages after adjustment for smoking and prior asthma (P = 0.22), by country of birth, or by age at immigration. CONCLUSIONS Asthma was more prevalent among Puerto Ricans, other Hispanics born in the United States, and those who had immigrated as children than among other Hispanics. In contrast, the higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Puerto Ricans and Cubans was largely reflective of differential smoking patterns and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Larissa Avilés-Santa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Ashley G. Henderson
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventative Medicine and
| | - Jose S. Loredo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | | | - Ai Ni
- Department of Biostatistics and
| | - Andrew Ries
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | | | - Lewis J. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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27
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Stern MC, Zhang J, Lee E, Deapen D, Liu L. Disparities in colorectal cancer incidence among Latino subpopulations in California defined by country of origin. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:147-55. [PMID: 26596856 PMCID: PMC4727741 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In California, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Latinos. Using data from the California Cancer Registry, we investigated demographic and clinical characteristics of 36,133 Latinos with CRC living in California during 1995-2011 taking into account subpopulations defined by country of origin. METHODS Cases were defined as Latino according to the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Hispanic Identification Algorithm, which was also used to group cases by country of origin: Mexico (9,678, 27 %), Central or South America (2,636, 7 %), Cuban (558, 2 %), Puerto Rico (295, 1 %), and other or unknown origin (22,966, 64 %; Other/NOS). 174,710 non-Hispanic white (NHW) CRC cases were included for comparison purposes. Annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) and proportional incidence ratios (PIRs) were calculated. RESULTS Differences were observed for age at diagnosis, sex distribution, socioeconomic status (SES), nativity (US born vs. foreign born), stage, and tumor localization across Latino subpopulations and compared to NHW. Mexican Latinos had the lowest AAIR and Cuban Latinos had the highest. PIRs adjusted for age, SES, and nativity showed an excess of CRC males and female cases from Cuba, female cases from Puerto Rico and reduced number of female cases from Mexico. CONCLUSIONS Differences in cancer incidence patterns and tumor characteristics were observed among Latino subpopulations in California. These disparities may reflect differences in cancer determinants among Latinos; therefore, given that country of origin information is unavailable for a large proportion of these patients, greater efforts to collect these data are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Dennis Deapen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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28
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Penedo FJ, Yanez B, Castañeda SF, Gallo L, Wortman K, Gouskova N, Simon M, Arguelles W, Llabre M, Sanchez-Johnsen L, Brintz C, Gonzalez P, Van Horn L, Rademaker AW, Ramirez AG. Self-Reported Cancer Prevalence among Hispanics in the US: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146268. [PMID: 26808047 PMCID: PMC4726570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death among Hispanics in the U.S., yet data on cancer prevalence and risk factors in Hispanics in regard to ancestry remain scarce. This study sought to describe (a) the prevalence of cancer among Hispanics from four major U.S. metropolitan areas, (b) cancer prevalence across Hispanic ancestry, and (c) identify correlates of self-reported cancer prevalence. Participants were 16,415 individuals from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), who self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central or South American. All data were collected at a single time point during the HCHS/SOL baseline clinic visit. The overall self-reported prevalence rate of cancer for the population was 4%. The rates varied by Hispanic ancestry group, with individuals of Cuban and Puerto Rican ancestry reporting the highest cancer prevalence. For the entire population, older age (OR = 1.47, p < .001, 95% CI, 1.26-1.71) and having health insurance (OR = 1.93, p < .001, 95% CI, 1.42-2.62) were all significantly associated with greater prevalence, whereas male sex was associated with lower prevalence (OR = 0.56, p < .01, 95% CI, .40-.79). Associations between study covariates and cancer prevalence also varied by Hispanic ancestry. Findings underscore the importance of sociodemographic factors and health insurance in relation to cancer prevalence for Hispanics and highlight variations in cancer prevalence across Hispanic ancestry groups. Characterizing differences in cancer prevalence rates and their correlates is critical to the development and implementation of effective prevention strategies across distinct Hispanic ancestry groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Penedo
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Betina Yanez
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sheila F. Castañeda
- Institute For Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Katy Wortman
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Natalia Gouskova
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Melissa Simon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - William Arguelles
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Maria Llabre
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Carrie Brintz
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Patricia Gonzalez
- Institute For Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Alfred W. Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Amelie G. Ramirez
- Institute for Health Promotion, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
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Rathod JM. Danger and Dignity: Immigrant Day Laborers and Occupational Risk. Seton Hall Law Rev 2016; 46:813-882. [PMID: 27066611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The plight of immigrant workers in the United States has captured significant scholarly attention in recent years. Despite the prevalence of discourses regarding this population, one set of issues has received relatively little attention: immigrant workers' exposure to unhealthy and unsafe working conditions, and their corresponding susceptibility to workplace injuries and illnesses. Researchers have consistently found that immigrant workers suffer disproportionately from occupational injuries and fatalities, even when controlling for industry and occupation. Why, then, are foreign-born workers at greater risk for workplace injuries and fatalities, when compared with their native-born counterparts? This Article seeks to develop answers to that question with the aid of empirical research and to build upon a growing interdisciplinary literature. This Article presents findings from a qualitative research study designed to explore the factors that shape occupational risks for immigrants. The study, conducted over several months in 2014, centered on in-depth interviews of eighty-four immigrant day laborers seeking employment in different parts of Northern Virginia. The workers' responses present a complex picture of the immigrant worker experience, reflecting persistent dangers alongside powerful expressions of worker dignity: while the Virginia day laborers continue to encounter significant occupational risks, many comfortably asserted their rights, complicating standard narratives of immigrant worker subordination and vulnerability. The results of the study also point to ongoing economic insecurities, and regulatory failures relating to the provision of training, use of protective equipment, and oversight of smaller worksites. The findings also signal the need for a more holistic approach to workplace regulation that concomitantly examines a range of workplace concerns, including wage violations, hostile work environments, and health and safety risks. Finally, the day laborers' experiences reveal that worker centers are well positioned to insulate immigrant workers from workplace risks, by promoting transparency and accountability in the employer-employee relationship.
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Céspedes-Garro C, Naranjo MEG, Ramírez R, Serrano V, Fariñas H, Barrantes R, LLerena A. Pharmacogenetics in Central American healthy volunteers: interethnic variability. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2015; 30:19-31. [PMID: 25490028 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2014-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethnicity is one of the major factors involved in interindividual variability to drug response. This study aims to describe the frequency of the most relevant pharmacogenetic biomarkers and metabolic phenotypes in Central American healthy volunteers and to determine its interethnic variability. Twenty-six original research articles on allelic, genotypes or metabolic phenotype frequencies were analyzed, in which a total number of 7611 Central American healthy volunteers were included (6118 were analyzed for genotype and 1799 for metabolic phenotype). No reports were available for population from Belize and Honduras. The CYP2D6*4 and *5 frequencies in Amerindian populations from Costa Rica have shown to be among the highest frequencies so far reported in the world. Furthermore, NAT2*5 and *6 presented higher frequencies in admixed populations than in Amerindians, but, inversely, the NAT2*7 was more frequent in Amerindians compared to an admixed population. Likewise, different patterns of distribution have been shown in HLA-A*02, *03 and HLA-B*07 among Native populations from Latin America. Reports on Central American populations were also found for the CYP2C19, LDLR, CYP2E1, MDR1, G6PD, TP53, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 biomarkers, but no data were available for the other 91 pharmacogenetic biomarkers revised in Central American populations. Differences in the frequency of some pharmacogenetic biomarkers and metabolic phenotypes were found, showing interethnic variability within Central American and with other Latin American populations.
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31
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Amuedo-Dorantes C, Pozo S, Puttitanun T. Immigration Enforcement, Parent-Child Separations, and Intent to Remigrate by Central American Deportees. Demography 2015. [PMID: 26471281 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-0150431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Given the unprecedented increase in the flow of migrants from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras to the United States, this article analyzes the impact of U.S. interior enforcement on parent-child separations among Central American deportees, along with its implications for deportees' intentions to remigrate to the United States. Using the EMIF sur survey data, we find that interior enforcement raises the likelihood of parent-child separations as well as the likelihood that parents forcedly separated from their young children report the intention to return to the United States, presumably without documents. By increasing parent-child separations, interior enforcement could prove counterproductive in deterring repetitive unauthorized crossings among Central American deportees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Pozo
- Department of Economics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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Abstract
We sought to calculate rates of HIV diagnoses by area of birth among foreign-born persons in a high-incidence US city with many immigrants, and determine probable place of HIV acquisition. Data from the New York City HIV surveillance registry and American Community Survey were used to calculate HIV diagnosis rates by area of birth and determine probable place of HIV acquisition among foreign-born diagnosed in 2006-2012. HIV diagnosis rates varied by area of birth and were highest among African-born persons; absolute numbers were highest among Caribbean-born persons. Probable place of acquisition was a foreign country for 23 % (from 9 % among Middle Easterners to 43 % among Africans), US for 61 % (from 34 % among Africans to 76 % among South Americans), and not possible to estimate for 16 %. HIV prevention and testing initiatives should take into account variability by foreign area of birth in HIV diagnosis rates and place of acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen W Wiewel
- HIV Epidemiology and Field Services Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 42-09 28th Street, 22nd Floor, Long Island City, New York, NY, 11101, USA,
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Abstract
This prospective longitudinal study examined pre- to post-immigration HIV risk behavior trajectories among recent Latino immigrants in Miami-Dade County (Florida). We identified socio-demographic factors associated with these trajectories and collected retrospective pre-immigration HIV risk behavior data at baseline from a sample of 527 Caribbean, South American, and Central American Latinos ages 18-34 who immigrated to the U.S. less than one year prior. Two follow-up assessments (12 months apart) reported on participants' post-immigration HIV risk behaviors. Results indicated overall decreases in pre- to post-immigration condom use. In the sample, recent Latino immigrants with lower education, younger age, and higher incomes had steeper decreases in pre- to post-immigration condom use. We also found differences in the risk behavior trajectories of males and females. Latino women reported significant increases in the number of sexual partners post immigration, while men reported decreases in the number of sexual partners after immigrating to the U.S.
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Rodriguez CJ, Daviglus ML, Swett K, González HM, Gallo LC, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Giachello AL, Teng Y, Schneiderman N, Talavera GA, Kaplan RC. Dyslipidemia patterns among Hispanics/Latinos of diverse background in the United States. Am J Med 2014; 127:1186-94.e1. [PMID: 25195188 PMCID: PMC4551715 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and determinants of dyslipidemia patterns among Hispanics/Latinos are not well known. METHODS Lipid and lipoprotein data were used from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos—a population-based cohort of 16,415 US Hispanic/Latinos ages 18-74 years. National Cholesterol Education Program cutoffs were employed. Differences in demographics, lifestyle factors, and biological and acculturation characteristics were compared among those with and without dyslipidemia. RESULTS Mean age was 41.1 years, and 47.9% were male. The overall prevalence of any dyslipidemia was 65.0%. The prevalence of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 36.0%, and highest among Cubans (44.5%; P < .001). Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was present in 41.4% and did not significantly differ across Hispanic background groups (P = .09). High triglycerides were seen in 14.8% of Hispanics/Latinos, most commonly among Central Americans (18.3%; P < .001). Elevated non-HDL-C was seen in 34.7%, with the highest prevalence among Cubans (43.3%; P < .001). Dominicans consistently had a lower prevalence of most types of dyslipidemia. In multivariate analyses, the presence of any dyslipidemia was associated with increasing age, body mass index, and low physical activity. Older age, female sex, diabetes, low physical activity, and alcohol use were associated with specific dyslipidemia types. Spanish-language preference and lower educational status were associated with higher dyslipidemia prevalence. CONCLUSION Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among US Hispanics/Latinos; Cubans seem particularly at risk. Determinants of dyslipidemia varied across Hispanic backgrounds, with socioeconomic status and acculturation having a significant effect on dyslipidemia prevalence. This information can help guide public health measures to prevent disparities among the US Hispanic/Latino population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| | | | - Katrina Swett
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanping Teng
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Gregory A Talavera
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, Calif
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, New York, NY
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35
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Bishop DS, Ramirez R. Caring for unaccompanied minors from Central America. Am Fam Physician 2014; 90:656-659. [PMID: 25368926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Abstract
We investigated the prevalence and correlates of having current healthcare coverage and of having a usual formal source of care among undocumented Central American immigrant women. Participants were recruited using respondent driven sampling. Thirty-five percent of participants had healthcare coverage and 43% had a usual formal source of care. Healthcare coverage was primarily through the local indigent healthcare program and most of those with a usual formal source of care received care at a public healthcare clinic. Having healthcare coverage and having a usual formal source of care were both associated with older age; having a usual formal source of care was also marginally associated with increased time of residence in the US and increased income security. The primary barriers to healthcare use were not having money or insurance, not knowing where to go, and not having transportation. Healthcare interventions may benefit from targeting young and newly arrived immigrants and addressing the structural and belief barriers that impede undocumented immigrant women's use of healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane R Montealegre
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA,
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37
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Abstract
Cancer and cancer screening disparities exist across Latino subgroups; however the reasons for these disparities are not fully known. This study examines (1) mammography screening among Latinas born in Mexico, Central-America and South-America and (2) the impact of birthplace and acculturation on mammography screening. Data were derived from the California Health Interview Survey 2007. Analyses included 1,675 Latina women 40 years of age and older. Multivariate logistic regression examined predictors of mammography screening. Mexican and Central-American women were less likely to report ever receiving a mammogram while Mexican women were less likely to report a recent mammogram. Low-acculturated women were less likely to report ever receiving a mammogram and less likely to report recent mammography. Different screening patterns across Latina subgroups were observed. Differences in screening patterns and the factors associated with screening highlight the need for unique intervention strategies tailored specifically to Latinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rosales
- Center of Community Alliance for Research and Education (CCARE), Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
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Infante C, Silván R, Caballero M, Campero L. [Central American migrants' sexual experiences and rights in their transit to the USA]. Salud Publica Mex 2013; 55 Suppl 1:S58-S64. [PMID: 23918058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the causes and circumstances that determine the way in which migrants experience their sexuality and how this impacts their sexual rights. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative study conducted between April 2009 and July 2010 in Chiapas, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas. We conducted 22 in-depth interviews to migrants in transit and to ten different key actors. For the analysis we used elements of grounded theory. RESULTS Migrants know and identify the risks they may encounter in their transit but have scarce access to services to effectively exercise their sexual and reproductive rights. Their vulnerability makes them internalize and accept the violence enacted on them as part of their destiny and as what they must suffer in order to reach the USA. CONCLUSIONS Violence, including sexual violence, determines much of the experiences of their transit through Mexico. Differences between groups and between male and female migrants are determined by gender inequalities and power.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Infante
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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39
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Abstract
This study investigates a theorized link between Latino immigrants' experience of acculturative stress during their two initial years in the United States (US) and declines in family cohesion from pre- to post-immigration contexts. This retrospective cohort study included 405 adult participants. Baseline assessment occurred during participants' first 12 months in the US. Follow-up assessment occurred during participants' second year in the US. General linear mixed models were used to estimate change in family cohesion and sociocultural correlates of this change. Inverse associations were determined between acculturative stress during initial years in the US and declines in family cohesion from pre-immigration to post-immigration contexts. Participants with undocumented immigration status, those with lower education levels, and those without family in the US generally indicated lower family cohesion. Participants who experienced more acculturative stress and those without family in the US evidenced a greater decline in family cohesion. Results are promising in terms of implications for health services for recent Latino immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Dillon
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Day labor is comprised of predominately male and recent Latino immigrants, mainly from Mexico and Central America who work in an unregulated and informal market. Three-quarters of the day labor force is undocumented and live under the federal poverty threshold as work is seasonal and highly contingent on the weather and the local economy. However, in spite of their exposure to significant health risks, little is known about the impact of Latino day laborers' (LDLs) work and life conditions on their mental health. This mixed methods study extends the literature by using the minority stress theoretical model to examine the relationship between discrimination and social isolation as well as participant identified protective factors such as religiosity and sending remittances with psychological distress. A quantitative survey with 150 LDLs was conducted and was followed by a qualitative member checking focus group to extend upon the quantitative results as well as the minority stress model with the lived experiences of these immigrant workers. Results reveal implications for prevention efforts with this hard-to-reach and marginalized population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Junko Negi
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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41
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Iborra MA, García E, Carrilero B, Segovia M. [Malaria diagnosis and treatment: analysis of a cohort of hospitalised patients at a tertiary level hospital (1998-2010)]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2013; 26:6-11. [PMID: 23546456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing frequency of malaria infection in our area is due to the rise in international travel and immigration from endemic malaria areas. The aim of this study is to describe the chemoprophylaxis taken and treatment given as well as the clinical, epidemiological and microbiological characteristics for those patients admitted to our hospital with malaria. METHODS A retrospective study of patients with malaria admitted to the Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, between January 1998 and December 2010, was carried out. RESULTS During this period, fifty one cases of malaria were diagnosed. 78.3% of them were immigrants of whom 65% resided in Spain and had travelled to their country of origin for a short stay. Seventy four per cent acquired the infection in central and west Africa, and Plasmodium falciparum was responsible for the majority of the cases (88%). Only four patients had taken antimalarial chemoprophylaxis but none correctly. The most frequently treatment used was a combination of quinine and doxycicline (64.7%). Inappropriate anti-malarial treatment occurred in 9 patients (17.6%). At least one indicator of severe malaria was established in 23.5% of the cases; however, the clinical outcome was successful in every case and no patient died. CONCLUSIONS Imported malaria is observed mostly among immigrants who travel to their countries of origin for a short stay and do not take anti-malarial prophylaxis, increasing the risk of acquiring malaria. Inappropriate malarial treatment is relatively frequent in the case management of imported malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Asunción Iborra
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Madrid-Cartagena, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), España.
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Abstract
Latinos underutilize mental health care services. Of those who do, about 70% do not return after the initial visit. This study's purposes were: (1) to identify factors that led non-U.S.-born Latinos to utilize services from a nonprofit clinic in Texas and (2) to assess whether acculturation played a role in accessing mental health care. Data were collected over a 10-week period using an interview schedule and the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Latinos. Results indicate acculturation does not play a significant role in access, but patient knowledge of mental health care issues does. Specifically, the main barriers to access were: (1) lack of knowledge that there was a mental health issue; and (2) lack of knowledge of where to go for mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ruiz
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76016, USA.
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Organista KC, Worby PA, Quesada J, Arreola SG, Kral AH, Khoury S. Sexual health of Latino migrant day labourers under conditions of structural vulnerability. Cult Health Sex 2013; 15:58-72. [PMID: 23140484 PMCID: PMC3743724 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2012.740075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the context of the sexual health of Latino migrant day labourers in the USA, challenges to sexual health and ways of coping, with attention to conditions of structural vulnerability permeating the lives of this unique Latino population. Given the limited information about this topic and population, ethnographic research employing in-depth semi-structured interviews with 51 labourers, recruited through purposive sampling in the San Francisco Bay Area, was utilised. The sexual health aspirations of the men are deeply embedded in the core value and practice of Latino familismo or, in this case, the central goal of securing a family headed by men as providers and present husbands/fathers. However, such goals are frequently thwarted by the poverty engendering work and prolonged separations from home that characterise predominantly undocumented day labour in the USA. Resulting goal frustration, combined with pent up sexual urges, often lead to sexual risk in spite of efforts to cope with challenges to sexual health. Unless community-, state- and national-level interventions are developed to mitigate the pronounced structural vulnerability of migrant day labourers, individual level interventions to promote sexual health, and decrease risk and distress, are likely to have diminishing returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt C Organista
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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44
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Abstract
CONTEXT Persons born outside the United States comprise about 13% of the US population, and the challenges these persons face in accessing health care may lead to poorer human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease outcomes. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of HIV among persons born outside the United States and among US-born persons diagnosed in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Analysis of the estimated number of US-born persons and persons born outside the United States diagnosed with HIV from 2007 through 2010 in 46 states and 5 US territories, the demographic characteristics, and the HIV transmission risk factors reported to the National HIV Surveillance System. Foreign-born persons were defined as persons born outside the United States and its territories, inclusive of naturalized citizens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Diagnosis of HIV infection. RESULTS From 2007 through 2010, HIV was diagnosed in 191,697 persons in the US population; of these, 16.2% (95% CI, 16.0%-16.3%) (n = 30,995) were born outside the United States. Of the 25,255 persons with a specified country or region of birth outside the United States, 14.5% (n = 3656) were from Africa, 41.0% (n = 10,343) were from Central America (including Mexico), and 21.5% (n = 5418) were from the Caribbean. The 4 states (California, Florida, New York, and Texas) reporting the highest numbers of persons born outside the United States and diagnosed with HIV were also the top 4 reporters of HIV cases overall. Among persons born outside the United States with HIV, 73.5% (n = 22,773) were male. Among whites, 1841 of 55,574 (3.3%) of HIV diagnoses were in persons born outside the United States; in blacks, 8614 of 86,547 diagnoses (10.0%); in Hispanics, 17,913 of 42,431 diagnoses (42.2%); and in Asians, 1987 of 3088 diagnoses (64.3%). The percentage infected through heterosexual contact was 39.4% among persons born outside the United States vs 27.2% for US-born persons. CONCLUSIONS Among persons in 46 US states and 5 US territories who received a diagnosis of HIV from 2007 through 2010, 16.2% were born outside the United States. Compared with US-born persons diagnosed with HIV, persons born outside the United States had different epidemiologic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Tassy Prosser
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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45
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Montealegre JR, Risser JM, Selwyn BJ, McCurdy SA, Sabin K. Prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among undocumented Central American immigrant women in Houston, Texas. AIDS Behav 2012; 16:1641-8. [PMID: 22249955 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Undocumented Central American immigrants in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV infection. However, epidemiological data on sexual behaviors among undocumented women are sparse and the extent to which behaviors vary by duration of residence in the U.S.is largely unknown. In 2010, we used respondent driven sampling to conduct an HIV behavioral survey among Central American immigrant women residing in Houston, Texas without a valid U.S. visa or residency papers. Here we describe the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors and compare recent (5 years or less in the U.S.) and established immigrants (over 5 years in the U.S.) to elucidate changes in sexual risk behaviors over time. Our data suggest that recent immigrants have less stable sexual partnerships than established immigrants, as they are more likely to have multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships, as well as partnerships of shorter duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane R Montealegre
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, USA.
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46
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Wojcicki JM, Schwartz N, Jiménez-Cruz A, Bacardi-Gascon M, Heyman MB. Acculturation, dietary practices and risk for childhood obesity in an ethnically heterogeneous population of Latino school children in the San Francisco bay area. J Immigr Minor Health 2012; 14:533-9. [PMID: 22101726 PMCID: PMC4456089 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-011-9553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found increased acculturation to the US lifestyle increases risk for obesity in Latinos. However, methodologies differ, and results in children are inconsistent. Moreover, previous studies have not evaluated risk factors within the heterogeneous US population. We recruited 144 self-identified Latino school children and their mother or father in grades 4-6 in San Francisco parochial schools and South San Francisco public schools using an information letter distributed to all students. Children and parents had weights, heights, demographic information, dietary patterns and lifestyle variables collected in English or Spanish through an interview format. A high percentage of our children were overweight [≥85th percentile body mass index (BMI)] (62.5%) and obese (≥95th percentile BMI) (45.2%). Correspondingly parents also had a high percentage of overweight (BMI ≥ 25 & <30) (40.8%) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) (45.3%). Mexico was the country of origin for 62.2% of parents, and 26.6% were from Central or South America. In multivariate logistic analysis, speaking Spanish at home was an independent risk factor for obesity [odds ratio (OR) 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-6.86]. Eating breakfast daily (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.78) and consumption of tortas (a Mexican fast food sandwich) (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-1.00) were associated with decreased risk. In stratified analysis, significant differences in risk factors existed between Mexican origin versus Central/South American Latino children. The processes of acculturation likely impact eating and lifestyle practices differentially among Latino groups. Interventions should focus on ensuring that all children eat a nutritious breakfast and take into consideration ethnicity when working with Latino populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Wojcicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0136, USA.
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47
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Schmalzried HD, Fallon LF. Reducing barriers associated with delivering health care services to migratory agricultural workers. Rural Remote Health 2012; 12:2088. [PMID: 22827833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Between one and two million migratory agricultural workers (MAWs), primarily from Mexico and Central America, leave their homes each year to plant, cultivate, harvest and pack fruits, vegetables, and nuts in the USA. While in the USA, most lack health insurance, a permanent residence, and a regular healthcare provider. Publications over the past two decades in the USA have reported that a majority of MAWs encounter barriers to receiving medical services. Migratory agricultural workers experience high rates of occupational illness and injury. Poor access to medical care continues to exacerbate health problems among members of this population related to their working environments. In most studies concerning healthcare access issues for this population, researchers collected their information from healthcare service providers; rarely have they included input from migratory agricultural workers. This study was different in that opinions about healthcare access issues were collected directly from MAWs. The primary purpose of this study was to describe issues related to barriers associated with the delivery of healthcare services to migratory agricultural workers. A secondary purpose was to suggest strategies for reducing these barriers. METHODS In this study, data from focus group sessions were used to develop a survey questionnaire. Four certified bilingual interpreters were trained to administer the questionnaire. A total of 157 usable questionnaires were returned from MAWs living in employer-provided camps in Northwest Ohio. The statistical analyses were primarily descriptive. RESULTS The most significant barriers hampering access to medical services among the 157 respondents were cost (n=113; 72.0%), crop demands (n=102; 65.0%), the lack of an interpreter (n=98; 62.4%), travel distance (n=88; 56.1%) and transportation (n=82; 52.2%). Approximately half (n=82; 52.2%) said that they had access to transportation for traveling to a medical clinic. As a group, respondents were willing to travel an average of 29.1 km (18.1 miles) (range 0-129 km [0-80 miles]) to obtain medical services. Female heads of households had significantly less access to transportation compared with male heads of households (t=2.35; df=74; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Three general categories of barriers to health care for MAWs surfaced in this study: (1) work environment; (2) migratory agricultural worker resources; and (3) healthcare clinic practices. Work environment issues relate mostly to the employers. Resources are barriers for MAWs because they are poor and have limited funds for the cost of transportation to clinics and the fees associated with accessing health care. Most of the barriers identified related to healthcare clinic practices. Some strategies to address healthcare clinic practice barriers were developed by the group conducting the study. By listening to what MAWs described as barriers to health care, providers can help improve access which can reduce the use of high cost hospital emergency room care.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary changes among Latino immigrants are often attributed to acculturation. Acculturation-diet research typically assumes that migration to the US is necessary for negative dietary changes to occur in Latino immigrants' diets. OBJECTIVE The goal of this article is to demonstrate that extant acculturation research is not adequate in capturing changes in Latino immigrants' diets. This is due to the role of globalization and transnational processes in modernizing their diets in Latin America. DESIGN Utilizing an interactionist cultural studies approach, this exploratory situational analysis based on 27 in-depth interviews with Latino immigrants, nutrition reports, and transnational food companies' websites, examines how Latino immigrants were already engaging in negative dietary practices in their former country. RESULTS Latino immigrants who resided in urban areas in their former countries and migrated to the US on or after 2000 were fully engaged in negative dietary practices prior to migration. Such practices included consuming food outside of the home and integrating processed food into their cooking. Their dietary practices were also informed by nutrition discourses. The modernization of food production and consumption and the transnational transmission of nutrition are transnational processes changing Latino immigrants' diets prior to migration. CONCLUSION Researchers should approach the study of dietary change among Latino immigrants in the US through a transnational perspective in order to avoid overlooking potential confounders such as current food insecurity, new socioeconomic positions as undocumented, low-income persons, and increased hours worked outside of the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airín D Martínez
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Mills B, Caetano R, Ramisetty-Mikler S, Bernstein IH. The dimensionality and measurement properties of alcohol outcome expectancies across Hispanic national groups. Addict Behav 2012; 37:327-30. [PMID: 22088855 PMCID: PMC3258301 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the psychometric properties of alcohol expectancies among Hispanic subgroups. Face-to-face interviews were conducted as part of the 2006 Hispanic Americans Baseline Alcohol Survey (HABLAS), which employed a multistage cluster sample design. A total of 5224 individuals (18+ years of age) representing four Hispanic national groups (Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, and South/Central Americans) were selected at random from the household population in five metropolitan areas (Miami, New York, Philadelphia, Houston, and Los Angeles). Alcohol expectancies included 18 items covering positive (e.g., laugh more, become more talkative) and negative dimensions (e.g., become aggressive, lose control) when alcohol is consumed. Confirmatory factor models replicated a previously proposed three-factor dimensional structure with a substantial majority of items exhibiting measurement invariance across Hispanic national group and gender. Items covering social extroversion were an exception, showing a lack of invariance for female Cuban and South/Central Americans. Latent mean differences across groups were detected for expectancies concerning emotional fluidity, and the pattern of differences largely mirrored known differences in alcohol consumption patterns. Results suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting differences in expectancies concerning social extroversion across Hispanic groups, and additional work is needed to identify indices of this construct with invariant measurement properties. However, measures of emotional/behavioral impairment and emotional fluidity expectancies can be validly compared across gender and Hispanic national groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britain Mills
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas Regional Campus, United States.
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50
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Montealegre JR, Risser JM, Selwyn BJ, Sabin K, McCurdy SA. HIV testing behaviors among undocumented Central American immigrant women in Houston, Texas. J Immigr Minor Health 2012; 14:116-23. [PMID: 21964937 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-011-9534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes HIV testing behaviors among undocumented Central American immigrant women living in Houston, Texas, USA. Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit participants for an HIV behavioral survey. HIV testing items included lifetime history of testing, date and location of the most recent test, and reason for testing. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the demographic, behavioral, and structural characteristics associated with testing. The lifetime prevalence of HIV testing was 67%. Half of those who tested did so within the past 2 years and almost 80% received their most recent test in a healthcare setting. The primary reason for testing was pregnancy. Lifetime testing was associated with being from Honduras, having over a sixth grade education, having a regular healthcare provider, and having knowledge of available healthcare resources. Our results suggest that expanding access to healthcare services may increase the prevalence of HIV testing in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane R Montealegre
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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