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Onuk S, Ozer NT, Ozel M, Sipahioglu H, Kahriman G, Baskol G, Temel S, Gundogan K, Akin A. Gastric ultrasound, citrulline, and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein as markers of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients: A pilot prospective cohort study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47:429-436. [PMID: 36609803 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is common in the intensive care unit (ICU), although there is no consensus on biomarkers of GI dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate ultrasound-based gastric antrum measurements and serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) and citrulline levels in relation to GI dysfunction in critically ill patients. METHODS Adult critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition and stayed for in the ICU for ≥48 h was included. GI dysfunction was described using Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Score (GIDS). Gastric antrum measurements, including craniocaudal (CC) diameter, anteroposterior diameter, and antral-cross sectional area (CSA), as well as serum levels for IFABP and citrulline, were prospectively recorded at baseline and on day 3 and day 5 of enteral nutrition. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate gastric ultrasound parameters, serum IFABP, and citrulline concentrations in predicting GI dysfunction. RESULTS Thirty-nine participants with a median age of 60 years were recruited and 46.2% of participants had GI dysfunction. ROC analysis revealed that the cutoff value of CSA score to predict GI dysfunction was 4.48 cm2 , which provided 72.7% sensitivity and 77.2% specificity (area under the curve = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.555-0.980). At baseline, gastric residual volume was highly correlated with CC diameter and CSA (r = 0.764, P < 0.001 and r = 0.675, P < 0.001, respectively). Serum IFABP and citrulline levels had no correlation with GI dysfunction or gastric ultrasound parameters (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION CSA was associated with GI dysfunction in critically ill patients. Serum IFABP and citrulline concentrations were poor in predicting GI dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Onuk
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Tugra Ozer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Health Science Institute, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Merve Ozel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hilal Sipahioglu
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Güven Kahriman
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gulden Baskol
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sahin Temel
- Division of Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kursat Gundogan
- Division of Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aynur Akin
- Division of Anestesiology and Reanimation Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Amin TU, Emara R, Pal A, Aldawod H, Jiang G, Liang D, Haque Tuhin MT, Balgoname A, Patel AD, Alhamadsheh MM. Enhancing the Safety and Efficacy of PSMA-Based Small-Molecule Drug Conjugates by Linker Stabilization and Conjugation to Transthyretin Binding Ligand. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15473-15486. [PMID: 36327103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the enhancement of a novel antitumor therapeutic platform that combines advantages from small-molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Valine-citrulline (VCit) dipeptide linkers are commonly used cathepsin B cleavable linkers for ADCs. However, the instability of these linkers in mouse serum makes translating efficacy data from mouse to human more challenging. Replacing the VCit linker with glutamic acid-valine-citrulline (EVCit) has been reported to enhance the stability of ADCs in mouse serum. However, the effect of EVCit linker on the stability of SMDCs has not been reported. Here, we report that incorporating the EVCit linker in prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeting SMDCs, equipped with the transthyretin ligand AG10, resulted in conjugates with lower toxicity, an extended half-life, and superior therapeutic efficacy to docetaxel in a xenograft mouse model of prostate cancer. This should make SMDCs' preclinical toxicity and efficacy data from mice more reliable for predicting human results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufiq Ul Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Rasha Emara
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Arindom Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Hala Aldawod
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Guanming Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Dengpan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Md Tariqul Haque Tuhin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Abdulmalek Balgoname
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Arjun D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Mamoun M Alhamadsheh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
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Maccallini C, Amoroso R. Preface to Nitric Oxide Modulators in Health and Disease I. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206820. [PMID: 36296414 PMCID: PMC9610956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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4
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Steckel A, Révész Á, Papp D, Uray K, Drahos L, Schlosser G. Stepwise Collision Energy-Resolved Tandem Mass Spectrometric Experiments for the Improved Identification of Citrullinated Peptides. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:1176-1186. [PMID: 35621259 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a fundamental prerequisite of reliable protein identification and quantification in mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. In bottom-up and middle-down proteomics, proteins are identified by the characteristic fragments of their constituting peptides. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) often further complicate proteome analyses. Citrullination is an increasingly studied PTM converting arginines to citrullines (Cit, X) and is implicated in several autoimmune and neurological diseases as well as different types of cancer. Confirmation of citrullination is known to be very challenging since it results in the same molecular mass change as Asn/Gln deamidation. In this study, we explore which MS/MS characteristics can be used for the reliable identification of citrullination. We synthesized several peptides incorporating Cit residues that model enzymatic cleavages of different proteins with verified or putative citrullination. Collision-induced dissociation was used to investigate the energy dependence of Byonic and Mascot scores and confirmed sequence coverage (CSC) along with the neutral loss of HNCO characteristic to citrulline side chains. We found that although the recommended values (19-45 V) for ramped collision energy settings cover the optimal Mascot, Byonic, or %CSC scores effectively, the diagnostic HNCO loss from precursors and fragments may reach their maximum intensities at lower and higher collision energies, respectively. Therefore, we suggest broadening the ramp range to ∼5-60 V to obtain more favorable identification rates for citrullinated peptides. We also found that Byonic was more successful in correctly identifying citrullinated peptides with deamidated residues than Mascot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Steckel
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Révész
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, MS Proteomics Research Group, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Papp
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Uray
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, MS Proteomics Research Group, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Loeb E, El Asmar K, Trabado S, Gressier F, Colle R, Rigal A, Martin S, Verstuyft C, Fève B, Chanson P, Becquemont L, Corruble E. Nitric Oxide Synthase activity in major depressive episodes before and after antidepressant treatment: Results of a large case-control treatment study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:80-89. [PMID: 32524920 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, an enzyme potentially involved in the major depressive episodes (MDE), could be indirectly measured by the L-Citrulline/L-Arginine ratio (L-Cit/L-Arg). The aim of this study was: (1) to compare the NOS activity of patients with a MDE to that of healthy controls (HC); (2) to assess its change after antidepressant treatment. METHODS A total of 460 patients with a current MDE in a context of major depressive disorder (MDD) were compared to 895 HC for NOS activity (L-Cit/L-Arg plasma ratio). L-Arg and L-Cit plasma levels were measured using a MS-based liquid chromatography method. Depressed patients were assessed at baseline, and after 3 and 6 months of antidepressant treatment for depression severity and clinical response. RESULTS Depressed patients had a lower NOS activity than HC at baseline [0.31 ± 0.09 v. 0.38 ± 0.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.084 to -0.062, p < 0.0001]. Lower NOS activity at baseline predicted a higher response rate [odds ratio (OR) = 29.20; 95% CI 1.58-536.37; p = 0.023]. NOS activity in depressed patients increased significantly up to 0.34 ± 0.08 after antidepressant treatment (Est = 0.0034; 95% CI 0.0002-0.0067; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Depressed patients have a decreased NOS activity that improves after antidepressant treatment and predicts drug response. NOS activity may be a promising biomarker for MDE in a context of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Loeb
- INSERM CESP - Equipe 'Moods'- Univ Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Psychiatrie- Hôpital Bicêtre- GH Paris Saclay- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - K El Asmar
- INSERM CESP - Equipe 'Moods'- Univ Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - S Trabado
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm U1185 - Univ Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie- CHU de Bicêtre- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - F Gressier
- INSERM CESP - Equipe 'Moods'- Univ Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Psychiatrie- Hôpital Bicêtre- GH Paris Saclay- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - R Colle
- INSERM CESP - Equipe 'Moods'- Univ Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Psychiatrie- Hôpital Bicêtre- GH Paris Saclay- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - A Rigal
- INSERM CESP - Equipe 'Moods'- Univ Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Psychiatrie- Hôpital Bicêtre- GH Paris Saclay- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - S Martin
- INSERM CESP - Equipe 'Moods'- Univ Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Psychiatrie- Hôpital Bicêtre- GH Paris Saclay- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - C Verstuyft
- INSERM CESP - Equipe 'Moods'- Univ Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie- CHU de Bicêtre- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - B Fève
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM UMR S_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012Paris, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie- Hôpital Saint-Antoine- APHP, 75012Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75012Paris, France
| | - P Chanson
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm U1185 - Univ Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction- CHU de Bicêtre- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - L Becquemont
- INSERM CESP - Equipe 'Moods'- Univ Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie- CHU de Bicêtre- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - E Corruble
- INSERM CESP - Equipe 'Moods'- Univ Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Psychiatrie- Hôpital Bicêtre- GH Paris Saclay- APHP, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Li JH, Cho W, Hamchand R, Oh J, Crawford JM. A Conserved Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase in Xenorhabdus bovienii Produces Citrulline-Functionalized Lipopeptides. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2692-2699. [PMID: 34581573 PMCID: PMC9970011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus bovienii exists in a mutualistic relationship with nematodes of the genus Steinernema. Free-living infective juveniles of Steinernema prey on insect larvae and regurgitate X. bovienii within the hemocoel of a host larva. X. bovienii subsequently produces a complex array of specialized metabolites and effector proteins that kill the insect and regulate various aspects of the trilateral symbiosis. While Xenorhabdus species are rich producers of secondary metabolites, many of their biosynthetic gene clusters remain uncharacterized. Here, we describe a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) identified through comparative genomics analysis that is widely conserved in Xenorhabdus species. Heterologous expression of this NRPS gene from X. bovienii in E. coli led to the discovery of a family of lipo-tripeptides that chromatographically appear as pairs, containing either a C-terminal carboxylic acid or carboxamide. Coexpression of the NRPS with the leupeptin protease inhibitor pathway enhanced production, facilitating isolation and characterization efforts. The new lipo-tripeptides were also detected in wild-type X. bovienii cultures. These metabolites, termed bovienimides, share an uncommon C-terminal d-citrulline residue. The NRPS lacked a dedicated chain termination domain, resulting in product diversification and release from the assembly line through reactions with ammonia, water, or exogenous alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhe-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Wooyoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Randy Hamchand
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States
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Manivannan A, Lee ES, Han K, Lee HE, Kim DS. Versatile Nutraceutical Potentials of Watermelon-A Modest Fruit Loaded with Pharmaceutically Valuable Phytochemicals. Molecules 2020; 25:E5258. [PMID: 33187365 PMCID: PMC7698065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrulus lantus) is an important horticultural crop which belongs to the Curcubitaceae family. The nutraceutical potential of watermelon has been illustrated by several researchers, which makes it a better choice of functional food. Watermelon has been used to treat various ailments, such as cardio-vascular diseases, aging related ailments, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, and various types of cancers. The medicinal properties of watermelon are attributed by the presence of important phytochemicals with pharmaceutical values such as lycopene, citrulline, and other polyphenolic compounds. Watermelon acts as vital source of l-citrulline, a neutral-alpha amino acid which is the precursor of l-arginine, an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis. Supplementation of l-citrulline and lycopene displayed numerous health benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. Similarly, the dietary intake of watermelon has proven benefits as functional food in humans for weight management. Apart from the fruits, the extracts prepared from the seeds, sprouts, and leaves also evidenced medicinal properties. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of benefits of watermelon for the treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Do-Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (A.M.); (E.-S.L.); (K.H.); (H.-E.L.)
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Salmanizadeh H, Sahi N. Determination of amino acid profile for argininosuccinic aciduria disorder using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescence detection. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:347-351. [PMID: 32931185 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Argininosuccinic aciduria is an autosomal, recessive amino acid disorder that is caused by a deficiency of the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme. Citrulline is the most significant marker to detect this disorder. We used the High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection with 450 nm emission and 330 nm excitation wavelengths, 15 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5 mmol/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate as Mobile Phase A, and 50 mL water, 250 mL acetonitrile, and 200 mL methanol as Mobile Phase B in gradient mode with flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The citrulline concentration was 22 µmol/L in healthy infants and 220 µmol/L in infants suffering from the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neda Sahi
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Zwick CR, Sosa MB, Renata H. Characterization of a Citrulline 4-Hydroxylase from Nonribosomal Peptide GE81112 Biosynthesis and Engineering of Its Substrate Specificity for the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enduracididine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18854-18858. [PMID: 31610076 PMCID: PMC6917913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The GE81112 tetrapeptides are a small family of unusual nonribosomal peptide congeners with potent inhibitory activity against prokaryotic translation initiation. With the exception of the 3-hydroxy-l-pipecolic acid unit, little is known about the biosynthetic origins of the non-proteinogenic amino acid monomers of the natural product family. Here, we elucidate the biogenesis of the 4-hydroxy-l-citrulline unit and establish the role of an iron- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzyme (Fe/αKG) in the pathway. Homology modelling and sequence alignment analysis further facilitate the rational engineering of this enzyme to become a specific 4-arginine hydroxylase. We subsequently demonstrate the utility of this engineered enzyme in the synthesis of a dipeptide fragment of the antibiotic enduracidin. This work highlights the value of applying a bioinformatics-guided approach in the discovery of novel enzymes and engineering of new catalytic activity into existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Zwick
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Max B. Sosa
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
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10
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Steckel A, Schlosser G. Citrulline Effect Is a Characteristic Feature of Deiminated Peptides in Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:1586-1591. [PMID: 31300976 PMCID: PMC6695478 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry of peptides is of utmost importance in proteomics. Collision-induced dissociation usually generates y type fragment ion series from tryptic peptides, carrying information on their primary structure. Amino acid side chains or differences in their basicity could alter fragmentation processes considerably. The well-known proline effect is a cleavage preference at the N-terminus of proline residues in peptides, usually yielding a very abundant y ion while suppressing others. Previously, we reported a similar phenomenon occurring at the C-terminus of citrulline residues and coined the term Cit effect. To confirm the presence of Cit effect in large proteomic datasets, we analyzed 293 peptides containing Cit residues based on the human proteome database mining work of Lee et al. (2018). The occurrence of Cit effect was found to be 44%. Comparing bond scissions at the amide linkage between Cit-Zzz (citrulline followed by a specified residue) to Aaa1-Aaa2 (Aaa can be any residue except Cit), 5 Cit-Zzz cleavages were significantly (CL = 95.0%) more frequent in > 85% of the cases in terms of relative sequential base beak occurrence. We used Pro effect to compare with Cit effect and obtained very similar results. On the other hand, our study showed that Cit effect is slightly inferior in the overall incidence to Pro effect (50% vs. 33%, CL = 95%) among deiminated peptides when Pro residues were also present in the sequence. Our results suggest that Cit effect is a characteristic feature and a possible biasing factor of deiminated peptides which can confirm the position of citrullination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Steckel
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Kågedal M, Samineni D, Gillespie WR, Lu D, Fine BM, Girish S, Li C, Jin JY. Time-to-Event Modeling of Peripheral Neuropathy: Platform Analysis of Eight Valine-Citrulline-Monomethylauristatin E Antibody-Drug Conjugates. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2019; 8:606-615. [PMID: 31207190 PMCID: PMC6709423 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common long-term debilitating toxicity of antimicrotubule agents. PN was the most frequent adverse event resulting in dose modifications and/or discontinuation of treatment for valine-citrulline-monomethylauristatin E antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) developed at Genentech. A pooled time-to-event analysis across eight ADCs (~700 patients) was performed to evaluate the relationship between the ADC exposure and the risk for developing a clinically significant (grade ≥ 2) PN. In addition, the impact of demographic and pathophysiological risk factors on the risk for PN was explored. The time-to-event analysis suggested that the development of PN risk increased with ADC exposure, treatment duration, body weight, and previously reported PN. This model can be used to inform clinical strategies such as adaptations to dosing regimen and/or treatment duration as well as inform clinical eligibility to reduce the incidence of grade ≥ 2 PN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dan Lu
- Genentech Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Chunze Li
- Genentech Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jin Y. Jin
- Genentech Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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12
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Gebhart V, Reiß K, Kollau A, Mayer B, Gorren ACF. Site and mechanism of uncoupling of nitric-oxide synthase: Uncoupling by monomerization and other misconceptions. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:14-21. [PMID: 31022534 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the transformation of l-arginine, molecular oxygen (O2), and NADPH-derived electrons to nitric oxide (NO) and l-citrulline. Under some conditions, however, NOS catalyzes the reduction of O2 to superoxide (O2-) instead, a phenomenon that is generally referred to as uncoupling. In principle, both the heme in the oxygenase domain and the flavins in the reductase domain could catalyze O2- formation. In the former case the oxyferrous (Fe(II)O2) complex that is formed as an intermediate during catalysis would dissociate to heme and O2-; in the latter case the reduced flavins would reduce O2 to O2-. The NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is indispensable for coupled catalysis. In the case of uncoupling at the heme this is explained by the essential role of BH4 as an electron donor to the oxyferrous complex; in the case of uncoupling at the flavins it is assumed that the absence of BH4 results in NOS monomerization, with the monomers incapable to sustain NO synthesis but still able to support uncoupled catalysis. In spite of little supporting evidence, uncoupling at the reductase after NOS monomerization appears to be the predominant hypothesis at present. To set the record straight we extended prior studies by determining under which conditions uncoupling of the neuronal and endothelial isoforms (nNOS and eNOS) occurred and if a correlation exists between uncoupling and the monomer/dimer equilibrium. We determined the rates of coupled/uncoupled catalysis by measuring NADPH oxidation spectrophotometrically at 340 nm and citrulline synthesis as the formation of [3H]-citrulline from [3H]-Arg. The monomer/dimer equilibrium was determined by FPLC and, for comparison, by low-temperature polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Uncoupling occurred in the absence of Arg and/or BH4, but not in the absence of Ca2+ or calmodulin (CaM). Since omission of Ca2+/CaM will completely block heme reduction while still allowing substantial FMN reduction, this argues against uncoupling by the reductase domain. In the presence of heme-directed NOS inhibitors uncoupling occurred to the extent that these compound allowed heme reduction, again arguing in favor of uncoupling at the heme. The monomer/dimer equilibrium showed no correlation with uncoupling. We conclude that uncoupling by BH4 deficiency takes place exclusively at the heme, with virtually no contribution from the flavins and no role for NOS monomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Gebhart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Katja Reiß
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kollau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Antonius C F Gorren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
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Zhou K, Siroli L, Patrignani F, Sun Y, Lanciotti R, Xu Z. Formation of Ethyl Carbamate during the Production Process of Cantonese Soy Sauce. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081474. [PMID: 30991675 PMCID: PMC6514843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to clarify the formation of ethyl carbamate (EC) and its influence factors throughout the production process of Cantonese soy sauce. The results showed that EC was not detected in the koji-making and early moromi fermentation stages, but started to be generated when pH of the moromi decreased to about 4.9—at the same time, the levels of ethanol, urea and citrulline increased significantly. Most EC was formed during raw soy sauce hot extraction (40.6%) and sterilization (42.9%) stages. The EC content exhibited the highest correlation with ethanol throughout the whole production process (R = 0.97). The simulation soy sauce produced in laboratory led the same conclusion—moreover, the contents of EC, ethanol and citrulline were higher in soy sauce fermented at 30 °C than in soy sauce fermented at 15 °C. Extraction of raw soy sauce by squeezing contributed little to EC formation. Further research showed that citrulline and ethanol led to significant increases in EC levels in raw soy sauce upon heating. These results indicate that ethanol and citrulline are two critical precursors of EC and that EC is mainly formed during the heat treatment stage of soy sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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14
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Abstract
A high number of non-protein amino acids are chiral compounds that have demonstrated to be relevant in different fields. Their determination enables to obtain valuable information related to food quality and safety and has also a high interest from a biological point of view since many of them are key compounds in metabolic pathways or are related with different pathologies.In the development of analytical methodologies to perform chiral separations, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is well-established and one of the most powerful separation techniques as a consequence of its high efficiency, short analysis time, and versatility.This chapter shows, by means of three interesting examples, the application of different CE methodologies to the chiral analysis of non-protein amino acids. The first example describes different electrokinetic chromatography (EKC)-UV methodologies based on the use of negatively charged cyclodextrins as chiral selectors to carry out the stereoselective separation of ten different non-protein amino acids of relevance from a biological or food analysis point of view. The second method illustrates the EKC-UV analysis of L-citrulline and its enantiomeric impurity in food supplements using sulfated-γ-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. The last example shows the simultaneous enantiomeric separation of 3,4-dihydroxy-DL-phenylalanine and all the other chiral constituents involved in the phenylalanine-tyrosine metabolic pathway by using an EKC-MS methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castro-Puyana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalà de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Bollenbach A, Tsikas D. Pharmacological activation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity by inorganic nitrate and DDAH inhibition by N G-hydroxy-L-arginine, N ω,N ω-dimethyl-L-citrulline and N ω,N ω-dimethyl-N δ-hydroxy-L-citrulline: results and overview. Amino Acids 2018; 51:483-494. [PMID: 30536052 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. SDMA is excreted in the urine without major metabolization. About 10% of daily produced ADMA are excreted unchanged in the urine. The major elimination route of ADMA (about 90%) involves its hydrolysis to dimethylamine (DMA) and L-citrulline by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and excretion of DMA in the urine. High circulating and low excretory concentrations of ADMA are considered risk factors. Experimentally, DDAH activity can be inhibited by SH-specific agents such as inorganic and organic mercury compounds, and by S-nitrosothiols which block the SH group of a particular cysteine moiety of DDAH that is essential for its hydrolytic activity. Alternatively, DDAH activity can be inhibited by organic compounds that compete with the substrate ADMA for DDAH. Arginine analogs that contain substituents on guanidine nitrogen atom(s) (NG) represent a class of DDAH inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of physiological and natural amino acid derivatives of L-arginine and L-citrulline as well as of nitrate and nitrite, the major circulating and excretory metabolites of NO and NO donating drugs. Here, we report for the first time that the physiological NG-hydroxy-L-arginine, an isolable intermediate in NO synthesis, inhibits recombinant DDAH-1 activity (IC50 ≈ 100 µM). Two plant L-citrulline derivatives, i.e., Nω,Nω-dimethyl-L-citrulline and Nω,Nω-dimethyl-Nδ-hydroxy-L-citrulline (connatin), were found to inhibit almost completely hepatic DDAH activity in vitro in rat homogenate at a concentration of 100 µM each. At pharmacological concentrations (i.e., 1 mM), inorganic nitrate, but not inorganic nitrite, was found to increase rat liver DDAH activity. In urine of 18 patients with Becker's muscular dystrophy, nitrate was found to correlate closely with DMA (Spearman, r = 0.73, p = 0.002). In summary, NG-hydroxy-L-arginine, Nω,Nω-dimethyl-L-citrulline and Nω,Nω-dimethyl-Nδ-hydroxy-L-citrulline are novel inhibitors of DDAH activity. This article provides an overview of amino acid-based DDAH inhibitors and discusses potential underlying inhibition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bollenbach
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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16
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Lohavanichbutr P, Zhang Y, Wang P, Gu H, Nagana Gowda GA, Djukovic D, Buas MF, Raftery D, Chen C. Salivary metabolite profiling distinguishes patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma from normal controls. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204249. [PMID: 30235319 PMCID: PMC6147497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPC) are among the most common cancers worldwide and are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study is to identify potential biomarkers to distinguish OCC/OPC from normal controls and to distinguish OCC patients with and without nodal metastasis. We tested saliva samples from 101 OCC, 58 OPC, and 35 normal controls using four analytical platforms (NMR, targeted aqueous by LC-MS/MS, global aqueous and global lipidomics by LC-Q-TOF). Samples from OCC and normal controls were divided into discovery and validation sets. Using linear regression adjusting for age, sex, race and experimental batches, we found the levels of two metabolites (glycine and proline) to be significantly different between OCC and controls (FDR < 0.1 for both discovery and validation sets) but did not find any appreciable differences in metabolite levels between OPC and controls or between OCC with and without nodal metastasis. Four metabolites, including glycine, proline, citrulline, and ornithine were associated with early stage OCC in both discovery and validation sets. Further study is warranted to confirm these results in the development of salivary metabolites as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawadee Lohavanichbutr
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pei Wang
- Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - G. A. Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matthew F. Buas
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Translational Research Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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17
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Cai X, Jiang H, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W, Miao M. Thermostability and Specific-Activity Enhancement of an Arginine Deiminase from Enterococcus faecalis SK23.001 via Semirational Design for l-Citrulline Production. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8841-8850. [PMID: 30047723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
l-Citrulline is a nonessential amino acid with a variety of physiological functions and can be enzymatically produced by arginine deiminase (ADI, EC 3.5.3.6). The enzymatic-production approach is of immense interest because of its mild conditions, high yield, low cost, and environmental benignity. However, the major hindrances of l-citrulline industrialization are the poor thermostability and enzyme activity of ADI. Hence, in this work, directed evolution and site-directed mutagenesis aided with in silico screening, including the use of b-factor values and HoTMuSiC, were applied to a previously identified ADI from Enterococcus faecalis SK23.001 ( EfADI), and a triple-site variant R15K-F269Y-G292P was obtained. The triple-site variant displays a 2.5-fold higher specific enzyme activity (333 U mg-1), a lower Km value of 6.4 mM, and a 6.1-fold longer half-life ( t1/2,45°C = 86.7 min) than wild-type EfADI. This work provides a protein-engineering strategy to improve enzyme activity and thermostability, which might be transferrable to other ADIs and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Hangyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
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Anami Y, Yamazaki CM, Xiong W, Gui X, Zhang N, An Z, Tsuchikama K. Glutamic acid-valine-citrulline linkers ensure stability and efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates in mice. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2512. [PMID: 29955061 PMCID: PMC6023893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Valine-citrulline linkers are commonly used as enzymatically cleavable linkers for antibody-drug conjugates. While stable in human plasma, these linkers are unstable in mouse plasma due to susceptibility to an extracellular carboxylesterase. This instability often triggers premature release of drugs in mouse circulation, presenting a molecular design challenge. Here, we report that an antibody-drug conjugate with glutamic acid-valine-citrulline linkers is responsive to enzymatic drug release but undergoes almost no premature cleavage in mice. We demonstrate that this construct exhibits greater treatment efficacy in mouse tumor models than does a valine-citrulline-based variant. Notably, our antibody-drug conjugate contains long spacers facilitating the protease access to the linker moiety, indicating that our linker assures high in vivo stability despite a high degree of exposure. This technology could add flexibility to antibody-drug conjugate design and help minimize failure rates in pre-clinical studies caused by linker instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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19
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Steckel A, Uray K, Turiák L, Gömöry Á, Drahos L, Hudecz F, Schlosser G. Mapping the tandem mass spectrometric characteristics of citrulline-containing peptides. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:844-850. [PMID: 29575159 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Protein citrullination (deimination) is a post-translational modification of proteins converting arginine(s) into citrulline(s). "Overcitrullination" could be associated with severe pathological conditions. Mass spectrometric analysis of modified proteins is hindered by several problems. A comprehensive study of the fragmentation of deiminated peptides is not yet available. In this paper we have made an attempt to describe the characteristics of these processes, based on the studies of epitope model oligopeptides derived from clinically relevant proteins. METHODS Solutions of purified model peptides containing either one or two citrulline residues as well as their native variants were injected directly into the electrospray source of a high accuracy and resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight instrument and were analysed by tandem mass spectrometry using low-energy collision-induced dissociation. RESULTS Loss of isocyanic acid from citrulline residues is a preferred fragmentation route for deiminated peptides, which yields ornithine residues in the sequence. However, simultaneous detection of both the isocyanic acid loss and sequence fragments is often compromised. A preferential cleavage site was observed between citrulline and any other following amino acids yielding intensive complementary b- and y-type ions. Also, citrulline positioned at the C-termini displays a preferential cleavage N-terminal to this residue yielding characteristic y1 ions. These phenomena are described here for the first time and are referred to as the "citrulline effect". CONCLUSIONS We found that the citrulline effect is very pronounced and could be used as a complementary tool for the confirmation of modification sites in addition to losses of isocyanic acids from the protonated molecules or from fragment ions. Low collision energy applied to peptide ions having partially mobile protons reveals the site of modification by generating specific and intensive fragments of the sequence. On the other hand, fragmenting precursor ions with mobile protons usually allows full sequence coverage, although citrulline-specific fragments may exhibit lower intensities compared to other fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Steckel
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Uray
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Gömöry
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Hudecz
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Ferrini MG, Garcia E, Abraham A, Artaza JN, Nguyen S, Rajfer J. Effect of ginger, Paullinia cupana, muira puama and l- citrulline, singly or in combination, on modulation of the inducible nitric oxide- NO-cGMP pathway in rat penile smooth muscle cells. Nitric Oxide 2018; 76:81-86. [PMID: 29551532 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COMP-4 is a natural compound-based dietary supplement consisting of the combination of ginger, Paullinia cupana, muira puama and l-citrulline, which when given long-term has been shown in the aged rat to a) upregulate iNOS in the penile smooth muscle cells (SMC), b) reverse the corporal SMC apoptosis and fibrosis associated with corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD), and c) improve resulting erectile function. To elucidate the mechanism of how COMP-4 and its individual components modulate the iNOS-cGMP pathway, an in vitro study was conducted using a rat corporal primary SMC culture to determine its effect on NOS, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), cGMP and the phosphodiesterase 5 enzyme (PDE5). MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary SMC cultures using the explant technique were initiated by cutting small pieces of corporal tissue from 8 week old Sprague-Dawley rats. The SMC were grown in Dulbecco media with 20% fetal calf serum. The SMC were then incubated with or without COMP-4 (0.69 mg/ml) or its ingredients alone (ginger: 0.225 mg/ml; muira puama, Paullinia cupana and l-citrulline each at 0.9 mg/ml) for up to 24 h mRNA and protein were extracted and used for the determination of NOS, sGC and PDE5 content. cGMP content was determined by ELISA. L-NIL (4 μM) was used as an inhibitor of iNOS activity. RESULTS Compared to the control values, COMP-4 upregulated expression of cGMP by 85%, induced a 42 fold increase in sGC as well as a 15 fold increase in both iNOS protein and mRNA content while it decreased both PDE5 mRNA and protein content each by about 50%. L-NIL completely inhibited the effect of COMP-4 on cGMP production. When compared with each of the individual four components of COMP-4, it appears that COMP-4 itself had the most profound effect in modulating each one the specific steps within the iNOS-cGMP pathway. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study demonstrates that COMP-4 is capable of activating the endogenous cellular iNOS-cGMP pathway within the CSM cells, which is theorized to be responsible for reducing the fibrosis and apoptosis as well as the CVOD observed in the aging rat penis. Further studies will be necessary in order to determine whether supplementation of COMP-4 on a daily basis may be beneficial in halting or reversing this aging related erectile dysfunction in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Eduardo Garcia
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Abraham
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge N Artaza
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sabine Nguyen
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Shamovsky I, Belfield G, Lewis R, Narjes F, Ripa L, Tyrchan C, Öberg L, Sjö P. Theoretical studies of the second step of the nitric oxide synthase reaction: Electron tunneling prevents uncoupling. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 181:28-40. [PMID: 29407906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO·) is a messenger molecule with diverse physiological roles including host defense, neurotransmission and vascular function. The synthesis of NO· from l-arginine is catalyzed by NO-synthases and occurs in two steps through the intermediary Nω-hydroxy-l-arginine (NHA). In both steps the P450-like reaction cycle is coupled with the redox cycle of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B). The mechanism of the second step is studied by Density Functional Theory calculations to ascertain the canonical sequence of proton and electron transfer (PT and ET) events. The proposed mechanism is controlled by the interplay of two electron donors, H4B and NHA. Consistent with experimental data, the catalytic cycle proceeds through the ferric-hydroperoxide complex (Cpd 0) and the following aqua-ferriheme resting state, and involves interim partial oxidation of H4B. The mechanism starts with formation of Cpd 0 from the ferrous-dioxy reactant complex by PT from the C-ring heme propionate coupled with hole transfer to H4B through the highest occupied π-orbital of NHA as a bridge. This enables PT from NHA+· to the proximal oxygen leading to the shallow ferriheme-H2O2 oxidant. Subsequent Fenton-like peroxide bond cleavage triggered by ET from the NHA-derived iminoxy-radical leads to the protonated Cpd II diradicaloid singlet stabilized by spin delocalization in H4B, and the closed-shell coordination complex of HO- with iminoxy-cation. The complex is converted to the transient C-adduct, which releases intended products upon PT to the ferriheme-HO- complex coupled with ET to the H4B+·. Deferred ET from the substrate or undue ET from/to the cofactor leads to side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shamovsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, IMED RIA, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Graham Belfield
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, IMED RIA, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Richard Lewis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, IMED RIA, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Frank Narjes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, IMED RIA, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lena Ripa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, IMED RIA, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, IMED RIA, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lisa Öberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, IMED RIA, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Peter Sjö
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, IMED RIA, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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Mauracher LM, Posch F, Martinod K, Grilz E, Däullary T, Hell L, Brostjan C, Zielinski C, Ay C, Wagner DD, Pabinger I, Thaler J. Citrullinated histone H3, a biomarker of neutrophil extracellular trap formation, predicts the risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:508-518. [PMID: 29325226 PMCID: PMC6294121 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) might play a role in cancer-related coagulopathy. We determined NET biomarkers and followed cancer patients for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We found a constant association with VTE for citrullinated histone H3. Biomarkers of NET formation could reflect a novel pathomechanism of cancer-related VTE. SUMMARY Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are decondensed chromatin fibers that might play a role in the prothrombotic state of cancer patients. Objectives To investigate whether the levels of citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit), a biomarker for NET formation, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and nucleosomes predict venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. Patients/Methods Nine-hundred and forty-six patients with newly diagnosed cancer or progression after remission were enrolled in this prospective observational cohort study. H3Cit, cfDNA and nucleosome levels were determined at study inclusion, and patients were followed for 2 years. VTE occurred in 89 patients; the cumulative 3-month, 6-month, 12-month and 24-month incidence rates of VTE were 3.7%, 6.0%, 8.1%, and 10.0%, respectively. Results Patients with elevated H3Cit levels (> 75th percentile of its distribution, n = 236) experienced a higher cumulative incidence of VTE (2-year risk of 14.5%) than patients with levels below this cut-off (2-year risk of 8.5%, n = 710). In a competing-risk regression analysis, a 100 ng mL-1 increase in H3Cit level was associated with a 13% relative increase in VTE risk (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.22). This association remained after adjustment for high VTE risk and very high VTE risk tumor sites, D-dimer level, and soluble P-selectin level (SHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22). The association of elevated nucleosome and cfDNA levels with VTE risk was time-dependent, with associations with a higher risk of VTE only during the first 3-6 months. Conclusion These data suggest that biomarkers of NET formation are associated with the occurrence of VTE in cancer patients, indicating a role of NETs in the pathogenesis of cancer-associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-M Mauracher
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Posch
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - K Martinod
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Grilz
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Däullary
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Hell
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - C Zielinski
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Ay
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Thaler
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Stepanova YI, Kolpakov IY, Zygalo VM, Vdovenko VY, Kondrashova VH, Leonovich OS, Kryzhanivska VV. Experience of correcting endothelial dysfunction in children-residents of radioactively contaminated areas by nitric oxide potential donator citrulline. Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol 2017; 22:463-475. [PMID: 29286527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine the effectiveness of citrulline use for correcting endothelial dysfunction in children resi dents of radioactively contaminated areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of children residents of radioactively contaminated areas with the presence of clinical and paraclinical signs of endothelial dysfunction was selected to assess the effectiveness of correcting endothelial dysfunction by the usage of NO potential donator - citrulline according to the data of selective screen ing. There were determined the biochemical parameters of the content of NO stable metabolites, L arginine, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes in the blood serum; the indices of cellular and humoral immunity; the instrumen tal indices of vascular endothelium dependent reaction on occlusion test, the lung ventilation capacity, the bioelec tric activity of the myocardium, the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system.Examined children were received a course of citrulline malate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS An increased content of serum L arginine, nitrite, and amounts of NO metabolites was established in children with endothelial dysfunction who were received a course of citrulline malate. Bronchospasm elimination was noted in the significant part of examined patients after the drug use. Decreased recovery period and increased period of hypercompensation for thermographic circulation index in the test with post occlusion reac tive hyperemia were detected by an evaluation of indicators for vascular endothelium dependent vasodilatation using thermographic method indicating an increased endothelial vasomotor capacity. There was tendency to improve the processes of autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm and repolarization of the heart muscle. The antioxidant effect of used citrulline malate course was determined as: decreased content of serum LPO end products that react with thiobarbituric acid under elevated activity of antioxidant - catalase. An increase in the percentage of T lymphocyte, normalization of their subpopulation composition was noted in dynamics of citrulline malate application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye I Stepanova
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical
| | - I Ye Kolpakov
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical
| | - V M Zygalo
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical
| | - V Yu Vdovenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical
| | - V H Kondrashova
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical
| | - O S Leonovich
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical
| | - V V Kryzhanivska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical
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Timofeev V, Bakhteeva I, Titareva G, Kopylov P, Christiany D, Mokrievich A, Dyatlov I, Vergnaud G. Russian isolates enlarge the known geographic diversity of Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183714. [PMID: 28873421 PMCID: PMC5584958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, a small Gram-negative bacterium, is capable of infecting a wide range of animals, including humans, and causes a plague-like disease called tularemia—a highly contagious disease with a high mortality rate. Because of these characteristics, F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of biological terrorism. Currently, F. tularensis is divided into four subspecies, which differ in their virulence and geographic distribution. Two of them, subsp. tularensis (primarily found in North America) and subsp. holarctica (widespread across the Northern Hemisphere), are responsible for tularemia in humans. Subsp. novicida is almost avirulent in humans. The fourth subspecies, subsp. mediasiatica, is the least studied because of its limited distribution and impact in human health. It is found only in sparsely populated regions of Central Asia. In this report, we describe the first focus of naturally circulating F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica in Russia. We isolated and characterized 18 strains of this subspecies in the Altai region. All strains were highly virulent in mice. The virulence of subsp. mediasiatica in a vaccinated mouse model is intermediate between that of subsp. tularensis and subsp. holarctica. Based on a multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), we show that the Altaic population of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica is genetically distinct from the classical Central Asian population, and probably is endemic to Southern Siberia. We propose to subdivide the mediasiatica subspecies into three phylogeographic groups, M.I, M.II and M.III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Timofeev
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
- * E-mail: (VT); (GV)
| | - Irina Bakhteeva
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Galina Titareva
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Pavel Kopylov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - David Christiany
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Alexander Mokrievich
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ivan Dyatlov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- * E-mail: (VT); (GV)
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Walton BM, Jackson GW, Deutz N, Cote G. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy competitive binding biosensor development utilizing surface modification of silver nanocubes and a citrulline aptamer. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:75002. [PMID: 28732094 PMCID: PMC5521305 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.7.075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A point-of-care (PoC) device with the ability to detect biomarkers at low concentrations in bodily fluids would have an enormous potential for medical diagnostics outside the central laboratory. One method to monitor analytes at low concentrations is by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In this preliminary study toward using SERS for PoC biosensing, the surface of colloidal silver (Ag) nanocubes has been modified to test the feasibility of a competitive binding SERS assay utilizing aptamers against citrulline. Specifically, Ag nanocubes were functionalized with mercaptobenzoic acid, as well as a heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol linker that forms an amide bond with the amino acid citrulline. After the functionalization, the nanocubes were characterized by zeta-potential, transmission electron microscopy images, ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, and by SERS. The citrulline aptamers were developed and tested using backscattering interferometry. The data show that our surface modification method does work and that the functionalized nanoparticles can be detected using SERS down to a 24.5 picomolar level. Last, we used microscale thermophoresis to show that the aptamers bind to citrulline with at least a 50 times stronger affinity than other amino acids. Download PDF SAVE FOR LATER
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Walton
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - George W. Jackson
- BioTex, Inc., Houston, Texas, United States
- Base Pair Biotechnologies, Inc., Pearland, Texas, United States
| | - Nicolaas Deutz
- Texas A&M University, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas, United States
| | - Gerard Cote
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
- Texas A&M University, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
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26
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Trier NH, Holm BE, Slot O, Locht H, Lindegaard H, Svendsen A, Houen G. Physical Characteristics of a Citrullinated Pro-Filaggrin Epitope Recognized by Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Sera. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168542. [PMID: 28002483 PMCID: PMC5176188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of complex etiology. A characteristic feature of a subset of RA is the presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), which correlate with a progressive disease course. In this study, we employed streptavidin capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze ACPA reactivity. Using the pro-filaggrin peptide HQCHQEST-Cit-GRSRGRCGRSGS, as template, we analyzed the reactivity of RA sera and healthy donor sera to various peptides in order to determine the physical characteristics of the citrullinated pro-filaggrin epitope and to examine whether biotin labelling influence antibody recognition. The full-length cyclic pro-filaggrin peptide and a linear form with a N-terminal biotin, was recognized to the same level, whereas, a notable difference in ACPA reactivity to the linear peptides with a C-terminal biotin was found, probably due to steric hindrance. Screening of linear and cyclic truncated peptides, revealed that small cyclic peptides containing 10–12 amino acids are favored over the linear. Moreover, the charged amino acids C-terminal to citrulline were found to be essential for antibody reactivity, most important was the charged amino acid in position 4 C-terminal to citrulline. Collectively, peptide structure, length, the presence of charged amino acids and biotin labelling markedly influence antibody reactivity. In relation to the clinical diagnostics of ACPA, these findings may reflect the differences in diagnostic assays used for detection of ACPA, which relates to differences in sensitivity and specificity dependent on the assay applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej, Copenhagen S, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Bettina Eide Holm
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ole Slot
- Department of Rheumatology, Glostrup Hospital, Nordre Ringvej, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henning Locht
- Department of Rheumatology, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Lindegaard
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Boulevard, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anders Svendsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-demography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej, Copenhagen S, Denmark
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Patro R, Norel R, Prill RJ, Saez-Rodriguez J, Lorenz P, Steinbeck F, Ziems B, Luštrek M, Barbarini N, Tiengo A, Bellazzi R, Thiesen HJ, Stolovitzky G, Kingsford C. A computational method for designing diverse linear epitopes including citrullinated peptides with desired binding affinities to intravenous immunoglobulin. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:155. [PMID: 27059896 PMCID: PMC4826543 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the interactions between antibodies and the linear epitopes that they recognize is an important task in the study of immunological diseases. We present a novel computational method for the design of linear epitopes of specified binding affinity to Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg). RESULTS We show that the method, called Pythia-design can accurately design peptides with both high-binding affinity and low binding affinity to IVIg. To show this, we experimentally constructed and tested the computationally constructed designs. We further show experimentally that these designed peptides are more accurate that those produced by a recent method for the same task. Pythia-design is based on combining random walks with an ensemble of probabilistic support vector machines (SVM) classifiers, and we show that it produces a diverse set of designed peptides, an important property to develop robust sets of candidates for construction. We show that by combining Pythia-design and the method of (PloS ONE 6(8):23616, 2011), we are able to produce an even more accurate collection of designed peptides. Analysis of the experimental validation of Pythia-design peptides indicates that binding of IVIg is favored by epitopes that contain trypthophan and cysteine. CONCLUSIONS Our method, Pythia-design, is able to generate a diverse set of binding and non-binding peptides, and its designs have been experimentally shown to be accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Patro
- />Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Raquel Norel
- />IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Robert J. Prill
- />IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- />European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Peter Lorenz
- />Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Steinbeck
- />Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- />Gesellschaft für Individualisierte Medizin (IndyMed) mbH, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bjoern Ziems
- />Gesellschaft für Individualisierte Medizin (IndyMed) mbH, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mitja Luštrek
- />Department of Intelligent Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicola Barbarini
- />Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tiengo
- />Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bellazzi
- />Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hans-Jürgen Thiesen
- />Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- />Gesellschaft für Individualisierte Medizin (IndyMed) mbH, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Carl Kingsford
- />Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wang W, Wang L, Zou L, Li G, Ye B. A novel voltammetric sensor based on poly(l-Citrulline)/SWCNTs composite film modified electrode for sensitive determination of picroside II. Talanta 2016; 150:346-54. [PMID: 26838418 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel voltammetric sensor was constructed by simple dripping single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on to the glass carbon electrode (GCE) firstly and electro-polymerizing L-Citrulline film subsequently. The resulting poly(L-Citrulline)/SWCNTs/GCE showed a significant voltammetric response to picroside II due to the synergistic effect of SWCNTs and poly(L-Citrulline) film. The first electroanalytical method of picroside II was proposed with detection linear range from 8.0 × 10(-8) to 5.0 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) and a detection limit of 3 × 10(-8) mol L(-1). The high sensitivity, selectivity and long-term stability made the sensor suitable for the determination of picroside II. Moreover, based on the systematically investigation and some kinetics parameters calculated in the experimentation, the reaction mechanism of picroside II at the poly(L-Citrulline)/SWCNTs modified GCE was obtained reliably. Lastly, the proposed sensor was used for the determination of picroside II in real sample with satisfactory results. This work promoted the potential applications of amino acid materials and SWCNTs in electro-chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Lina Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Gaiping Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Baoxian Ye
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Kim YG, Lyu J, Kim MK, Lee KG. Effect of citrulline, urea, ethanol, and urease on the formation of ethyl carbamate in soybean paste model system. Food Chem 2015; 189:74-9. [PMID: 26190603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of urease on the formation of ethyl carbamate (EC) in the presence of previously known precursors of EC (citrulline, urea, and ethanol) using a soybean paste model system. The levels of EC were quantitatively determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) every five days for a 30-day period. After 30 days fermentation, the concentration of EC increased significantly by 135.2%, 242.2%, and 3757.1% when the precursors (citrulline, urea and ethanol) were added to the model system, respectively (p<0.05). Urease significantly decreased the level of EC by 38.4%, 18.8%, and 17.3% when citrulline, urea, and ethanol were added to the model system, respectively (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lyu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina K Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Geun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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Peng H, Zhuang Y, Harbeck MC, He D, Xie L, Chen W. Serine 1179 Phosphorylation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Increases Superoxide Generation and Alters Cofactor Regulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142854. [PMID: 26560496 PMCID: PMC4641627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is responsible for maintaining systemic blood pressure, vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. In addition to producing NO, eNOS can also generate superoxide (O2-.) in the absence of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Previous studies have shown that bovine eNOS serine 1179 (Serine 1177/human) phosphorylation critically modulates NO synthesis. However, the effect of serine 1179 phosphorylation on eNOS superoxide generation is unknown. Here, we used the phosphomimetic form of eNOS (S1179D) to determine the effect of S1179 phosphorylation on superoxide generating activity, and its sensitivity to regulation by BH4, Ca2+, and calmodulin (CAM). S1179D eNOS exhibited significantly increased superoxide generating activity and NADPH consumption compared to wild-type eNOS (WT eNOS). The superoxide generating activities of S1179D eNOS and WT eNOS did not differ significantly in their sensitivity to regulation by either Ca2+ or CaM. The sensitivity of the superoxide generating activity of S1179D eNOS to inhibition by BH4 was significantly reduced compared to WT eNOS. In eNOS-overexpressing 293 cells, BH4 depletion with 10mM DAHP for 48 hours followed by 50ng/ml VEGF for 30 min to phosphorylate eNOS S1179 increased ROS accumulation compared to DAHP-only treated cells. Meanwhile, MTT assay indicated that overexpression of eNOS in HEK293 cells decreased cellular viability compared to control cells at BH4 depletion condition (P<0.01). VEGF-mediated Serine 1179 phosphorylation further decreased the cellular viability in eNOS-overexpressing 293 cells (P<0.01). Our data demonstrate that eNOS serine 1179 phosphorylation, in addition to enhancing NO production, also profoundly affects superoxide generation: S1179 phosphorylation increases superoxide production while decreasing sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of BH4 on this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Yugang Zhuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mark C. Harbeck
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Donghong He
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lishi Xie
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Oledzka E, Sawicka A, Sobczak M, Nalecz-Jawecki G, Skrzypczak A, Kolodziejski W. Prazosin-Conjugated Matrices Based on Biodegradable Polymers and α-Amino Acids--Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vitro Release Study. Molecules 2015; 20:14533-51. [PMID: 26274943 PMCID: PMC6332215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel and promising macromolecular conjugates of the α1-adrenergic blocker prazosin were directly synthesized by covalent incorporation of the drug to matrices composed of biodegradable polymers and α-amino acids for the development of a polymeric implantable drug delivery carrier. The cyto- and genotoxicity of the synthesized matrices were evaluated using a bacterial luminescence test, protozoan assay, and Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. A new urethane bond was formed between the hydroxyl end-groups of the synthesized polymer matrices and an amine group of prazosin, using 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as a coupling agent. The structure of the polymeric conjugates was characterized by various spectroscopy techniques. A study of hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermodiagrams indicated that the presence of prazosin pendant groups in the macromolecule structures increased the polymer's rigidity alongside increasing glass transition temperature. It has been found that the kinetic release of prazosin from the obtained macromolecular conjugates, tested in vitro under different conditions, is strongly dependent on the physicochemical properties of polymeric matrices. Furthermore, the presence of a urethane bond in the macromolecular conjugates allowed for obtaining a relatively controlled release profile of the drug. The obtained results confirm that the pharmacokinetics of prazosin might be improved through the synthesis of polymeric conjugates containing biomedical polymers and α-amino acids in the macromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Anna Sawicka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Nalecz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Agata Skrzypczak
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Waclaw Kolodziejski
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
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Safi MAA, Attar SM, Fathaldin OA, Safi OMA. Anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibody and rheumatoid factor (prevalence and association) in rheumatoid arthritis patients; Saudi and non-Saudi. Clin Lab 2015; 61:259-67. [PMID: 25974991 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2014.140813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED background: The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) and to evaluate their association in rheumatoid arthritis patients, both Saudi and non-Saudi. METHODS Retrospectively, we studied 280 rheumatoid arthritis patients, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. The antibodies were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and rheumatoid factor by nephelometry. RESULTS The 280 patients included 196 Saudis and 84 non-Saudis, 88% females and 12% males, and the mean age was 45.3 years (SD = 14.3). Prevalence of rheumatoid factor was 141/280 (50%) divided as 93/196 (47.5%) Saudis and 48/84 (57%) non-Saudis, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). Prevalence of mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies was 165/280 (58.2%) divided as 121/196 (61.7%) Saudis and 44/84 (52.4%) non-Saudis, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). Among RF -ve patients, considerable numbers were anti-MCV +ve, and vice versa. Also, among the anti-MCV -ve patients, considerable numbers were RF +ve, and vice versa. In all cohorts and in Saudi and non Saudi patients, anti-MCV positivity was significantly associated with RF positivity (odds ratio (OR) 3.15; 95% CI 1.9, 5.19/p = 0.000); ESR and CRP were high with significant correlation (p < 0.005) with each other, with RF positivity but not with anti-MC positivity. Anti-MC positivity showed no significant correlation with age and gender. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients, anti-MCV antibodies are a useful diagnostic tool for RA, but its combination with RF is essential. Both markers are significantly associated. Larger scale studies are recommended. Correlation of anti-MCV with treatment and with disease activity still has to be published.
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Hensen SMM, Boelens WC, Bonger KM, van Cruchten RTP, van Delft FL, Pruijn GJM. Phenylglyoxal-based visualization of citrullinated proteins on Western blots. Molecules 2015; 20:6592-600. [PMID: 25875038 PMCID: PMC6272700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullination is the conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline, which is catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases. This conversion is involved in different physiological processes and is associated with several diseases, including cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. A common method to detect citrullinated proteins relies on anti-modified citrulline antibodies directed to a specific chemical modification of the citrulline side chain. Here, we describe a versatile, antibody-independent method for the detection of citrullinated proteins on a membrane, based on the selective reaction of phenylglyoxal with the ureido group of citrulline under highly acidic conditions. The method makes use of 4-azidophenylglyoxal, which, after reaction with citrullinated proteins, can be visualized with alkyne-conjugated probes. The sensitivity of this procedure, using an alkyne-biotin probe, appeared to be comparable to the antibody-based detection method and independent of the sequence surrounding the citrulline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M M Hensen
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilbert C Boelens
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Remco T P van Cruchten
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Floris L van Delft
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ger J M Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Shin BS, Fung HL, Upadhyay M, Shin S. Estimation of nitric oxide synthase activity via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric assay determination of 15N3 -citrulline in biological samples. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2015; 29:447-55. [PMID: 26349467 PMCID: PMC4566859 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We showed that the metabolite peaks of (15)N(3) -citrulline ((15)N(3) -CIT) and (15)N(3) -arginine ((15)N(3) -ARG) could be detected when (15) N(4) -ARG was metabolized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in endothelial cells. The usefulness of these metabolites as potential surrogate indices of nitric oxide (NO) generation is evaluated. METHODS A hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometric assay (LC/MS/MS) was utilized for the simultaneous analysis of (15)N(4) -ARG, ARG, CIT, (15)N(3) -CIT and (15)N(3) -ARG. (15)N(3) -CIT and (15)N(3) -ARG from impurities of (15)N(4) -ARG were determined and corrected for the calculation of their concentration. (15)N(4) -ARG-derived NO, i.e., (15)NO formation was determined by analyzing (15)N-nitrite accumulation by another LC/MS/MS assay. RESULTS After EA.hy926 human endothelial cells were challenged with (15)N(4) -ARG for 2 hours, the peak intensities of (15)N(3) -CIT and (15)N(3) -ARG significantly increased with (15)N(4) -ARG concentration and positively correlated with (15)N-nitrite production. The estimated Km values were independent of the metabolite (i.e., (15)N(3) -CIT, (15)N(3) -CIT+(15)N(3) -ARG or (15) N-nitrite) used for calculation. However, after correction for its presence as a chemical contaminant of (15)N(4) -ARG, (15)N(3) -ARG was only a marginal contributor for the estimation of NOS activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the formation of (15)N(3) -CIT can be used as an indicator of NOS activity when (15)N(4) -ARG is used as a substrate. This approach may be superior to the radioactive (14)C-CIT method which can be contaminated by (14)C-urea, and to the (14)N-nitrite method which lacks sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Soo Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea
| | - Ho-Leung Fung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Mahesh Upadhyay
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Soyoung Shin, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan city, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea, Tel. +82-63-850-6816, Fax. +82-63-850-7309,
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Safi MAA, Fathaldin OA. Pattern of drugs use and association with anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibody in rheumatoid arthritis. Saudi Med J 2015; 36:316-23. [PMID: 25737174 PMCID: PMC4381016 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.3.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To demonstrate the pattern of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) use in Saudi and non-Saudi rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to evaluate the association of DMARDs use with anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) positivity and other factors. Methods: Retrospectively, for a period of 7 years (2007-2014), we studied 205 RA patients, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All patients used DMARDs. Pattern of use for all 6 DMARDs was almost the same among Saudis and non-Saudis with no significant difference (p>0.05) for each DMARD; MTX was the most commonly used DMARD (71-76%). Results: There was no association between anti-MCV positivity and different DMARDs use. Methotrexate was used 76 times as combination, scoring the highest in this respect. There was a significant correlation (p<0.05) between Plaquenil with Methotrexate and with Sulfasalazine; Leflunomide with anti-TNF and with Prednisolone; age with Methotrexate and with Plaquenil; anti-MCV positivity with Prednisolone. Saudi/non-Saudi status showed no correlation with all factors or drugs. There was no significant association between DMARDs and comorbidity. Conclusion: Similar to worldwide results, MTX was the most commonly used DMARD; with the addition of anti-TNF to increase the effect, and folic acid to minimize the side effects. In this cohort, the pattern of use for all DMARDs was similar among Saudis and non-Saudis; treatment depended neither on anti-MCV positivity nor on the presence of comorbid conditions. A study of the association of DMARDs with disease activity is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ayman A Safi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (12) 6400000 Ext. 21116. Fax. +966 (12) 6400000 Ext. 20742. E-mail.
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Bennike T, Birkelund S, Stensballe A, Andersen V. Biomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases: Current status and proteomics identification strategies. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3231-3244. [PMID: 24696607 PMCID: PMC3964395 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unambiguous diagnosis of the two main forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), represents a challenge in the early stages of the diseases. The diagnosis may be established several years after the debut of symptoms. Hence, protein biomarkers for early and accurate diagnostic could help clinicians improve treatment of the individual patients. Moreover, the biomarkers could aid physicians to predict disease courses and in this way, identify patients in need of intensive treatment. Patients with low risk of disease flares may avoid treatment with medications with the concomitant risk of adverse events. In addition, identification of disease and course specific biomarker profiles can be used to identify biological pathways involved in the disease development and treatment. Knowledge of disease mechanisms in general can lead to improved future development of preventive and treatment strategies. Thus, the clinical use of a panel of biomarkers represents a diagnostic and prognostic tool of potentially great value. The technological development in recent years within proteomic research (determination and quantification of the complete protein content) has made the discovery of novel biomarkers feasible. Several IBD-associated protein biomarkers are known, but none have been successfully implemented in daily use to distinguish CD and UC patients. The intestinal tissue remains an obvious place to search for novel biomarkers, which blood, urine or stool later can be screened for. When considering the protein complexity encountered in intestinal biopsy-samples and the recent development within the field of mass spectrometry driven quantitative proteomics, a more thorough and accurate biomarker discovery endeavor could today be performed than ever before. In this review, we report the current status of the proteomics IBD biomarkers and discuss various emerging proteomic strategies for identifying and characterizing novel biomarkers, as well as suggesting future targets for analysis.
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Nerezhnaia EV, Krukier II, Avrutskaia VV, Nikashina AA, Serkova SV. [The detection of concentration of L-citrulline in amniotic fluid in women with physiologic pregnancy using the technique of capillary electrophoresis]. Klin Lab Diagn 2013:39-41. [PMID: 24640109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses the optimized conditions of detection of L-citrulline without preliminary derivatization using the technique of capillary zonal electrophoresis. The effect of pH of buffer electrolyte, temperature, time of introduction of probe into capillary on the results of detection of L-citrulline in samples of biological fluid is studied. The duration of analysis does not exceed 15 minutes.
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Jin Z, Fu Z, Yang J, Troncosco J, Everett AD, Van Eyk JE. Identification and characterization of citrulline-modified brain proteins by combining HCD and CID fragmentation. Proteomics 2013; 13:2682-91. [PMID: 23828821 PMCID: PMC4864592 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Citrullination is a protein PTM of arginine residues catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminase. Protein citrullination has been detected in the CNS and associated with a number of neurological diseases. However, identifying citrullinated proteins from complex mixtures and pinpointing citrullinated residues have been limited. Using RP LC and high-resolution MS, this study determined in vitro citrullination sites of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), neurogranin (NRGN/RC3), and myelin basic protein (MBP) and in vivo sites in brain protein extract. Human GFAP has five endogenous citrullination sites, R30, R36, R270, R406, and R416, and MBP has 14 in vivo citrullination sites. Human NRGN/RC3 was found citrullinated at residue R68. The sequence of citrullinated peptides and citrullination sites were confirmed from peptides identified in trypsin, Lys-C, and Glu-C digests. The relative ratio of citrullination was estimated by simultaneous identification of citrullinated and unmodified peptides from Alzheimer's and control brain samples. The site occupancy of citrullination at the residue R68 of NRGN ranged from 1.6 to 9.5%. Compared to CID, higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) mainly produced protein backbone fragmentation for citrullinated peptides. CID-triggered HCD fragmentation is an optimal approach for the identification of citrullinated peptides in complex protein digests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zongming Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Juan Troncosco
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Allen D. Everett
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Taniguchi K, Kuyama H, Kajihara S, Tanaka K. MALDI mass spectrometry-based sequence analysis of arginine-containing glycopeptides: improved fragmentation of glycan and peptide chains by modifying arginine residue. J Mass Spectrom 2013; 48:951-960. [PMID: 23893643 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an improved method for the sequence analysis of Arg-containing glycopeptide by MALDI mass spectrometry (MS). The method uses amino group derivatization (4-aza-6-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-5-oxohexanoic acid N-succinimidyl ester) and removal (carboxypeptidase B) or modification (peptidylarginine deiminase 4) of the arginine residue of the peptide. The derivatization attaches a basic tertiary amine moiety onto the peptides, and the enzymatic treatment removes or modifies the arginine residue. Fragmentation of the resulting glycopeptide under low-energy collision-induced dissociation yielded a simplified ion series of both the glycan and the peptide that can facilitate their sequencing. The feasibility of the method was studied using α1 -acid glycoprotein-derived N-linked glycopeptides, and glycan and peptide in each glycopeptide were successfully sequenced by MALDI tandem MS (MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Taniguchi
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology (KTLAST), Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
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Liu X, Jin Z, O’Brien R, Bathon J, Dietz HC, Grote E, Van Eyk JE. Constrained selected reaction monitoring: quantification of selected post-translational modifications and protein isoforms. Methods 2013; 61:304-12. [PMID: 23523700 PMCID: PMC3990191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a mass spectrometry method that can target signature peptides to provide for the detection and quantitation of specific proteins in complex biological samples. When quantifying a protein, multiple peptides are generated using a specific protease such as trypsin, thereby allowing a choice of signature peptides with robust signals. In contrast, signature peptide selection can be constrained when the goal is to monitor a specific post-translational modification (PTM) or protein isoform, as the signature peptide must include the amino acid residue(s) of PTM attachment or sequence variation. This can force the selection of a signature peptide with a weak SRM response or one that is confounded by high background. In this article, we discuss steps that can be optimized to maximize peptide selection and assay performance of constrained SRM assays, including tuning instrument parameters, fragmenting product ions, using a different protease, and enriching the sample. Examples are provided for phosphorylated or citrullinated peptides and protein isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Medicine, Jonhns Hopkins University, New York, NY
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of Medicine, Jonhns Hopkins University, New York, NY
| | - Richard O’Brien
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Joan Bathon
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Medical School, New York, NY
| | - Harry C. Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
| | - Eric Grote
- Department of Medicine, Jonhns Hopkins University, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Department of Medicine, Jonhns Hopkins University, New York, NY
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
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Fernandez-Castaneda A, Arandjelovic S, Stiles TL, Schlobach RK, Mowen KA, Gonias SL, Gaultier A. Identification of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 interactome in central nervous system myelin suggests a role in the clearance of necrotic cell debris. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:4538-48. [PMID: 23264627 PMCID: PMC3576060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.384693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), fast neuronal signals are facilitated by the oligodendrocyte-produced myelin sheath. Oligodendrocyte turnover or injury generates myelin debris that is usually promptly cleared by phagocytic cells. Failure to remove dying oligodendrocytes leads to accumulation of degraded myelin, which, if recognized by the immune system, may contribute to the development of autoimmunity in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We recently identified low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) as a novel phagocytic receptor for myelin debris. Here, we report characterization of the LRP1 interactome in CNS myelin. Fusion proteins were designed corresponding to the extracellular ligand-binding domains of LRP1. LRP1 partners were isolated by affinity purification and characterized by mass spectrometry. We report that LRP1 binds intracellular proteins via its extracellular domain and functions as a receptor for necrotic cells. Peptidyl arginine deiminase-2 and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase are novel LRP1 ligands identified in our screen, which interact with full-length LRP1. Furthermore, the extracellular domain of LRP1 is a target of peptidyl arginine deiminase-2-mediated deimination in vitro. We propose that LRP1 functions as a receptor for endocytosis of intracellular components released during cellular damage and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fernandez-Castaneda
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Sanja Arandjelovic
- the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Travis L. Stiles
- the Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ryan K. Schlobach
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Kerri A. Mowen
- the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Steven L. Gonias
- the Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Alban Gaultier
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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Bicker KL, Subramanian V, Chumanevich AA, Hofseth LJ, Thompson PR. Seeing citrulline: development of a phenylglyoxal-based probe to visualize protein citrullination. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17015-8. [PMID: 23030787 PMCID: PMC3572846 DOI: 10.1021/ja308871v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the hydrolysis of peptidyl arginine to form peptidyl citrulline. Abnormally high PAD activity is observed in a host of human diseases, but the exact role of protein citrullination in these diseases and the identities of specific citrullinated disease biomarkers remain unknown, largely because of the lack of readily available chemical probes to detect protein citrullination. For this reason, we developed a citrulline-specific chemical probe, rhodamine-phenylglyoxal (Rh-PG), which we show can be used to investigate protein citrullination. This methodology is superior to existing techniques because it possesses higher throughput and excellent sensitivity. Additionally, we demonstrate that this probe can be used to determine the kinetic parameters for a number of protein substrates, monitor drug efficacy, and identify disease biomarkers in an animal model of ulcerative colitis that displays aberrantly increased PAD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Bicker
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Venkataraman Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Alexander A. Chumanevich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29201
| | - Lorne J. Hofseth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29201
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
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Novikov AA, Cherkasova MV, Aleksandrova EN, Popkova TV, Luchikhina EL, Rytikova NS, Nasonov EL. [The comparative evaluation of the diagnostic value of methods of detection of antibodies to citrullinized proteins under rheumatoid arthritis]. Klin Lab Diagn 2012:50-54. [PMID: 23265058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The hyper production of large specter of autoantibodies, primarily rheumatoid factors and antibodies to citrullinized proteins, is a characteristic sign of rheumatoid arthritis. The detection of these antibodies plays an important role in diagnosing the disease, especially on its early stages. The study compared the diagnostic accuracy of different methods of detection of antibodies to citrullinized proteins under rheumatoid arthritis. The examined sample included 144 patients aged 33-58 years with reliable diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. The patients with systemic lupus erythematous, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, OVERLAP syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis and conditionally healthy donors consisted the comparative group. To detect antibodies to citrullinized proteins the methods of enzyme immunoassay, electrochemiluminescence, immunochromatography were applied. The study demonstrated that all the methods of detection of antibodies to citrullinized proteins have adequate diagnostic value to be implemented both in a routine clinical diagnostic practice and on the stage of screening of patients.
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Ramani D, Nakib S, Chen H, Garbay C, Loukaci A, Cynober L, De Bandt JP. N-Carbamoylputrescine, a citrulline-derived polyamine, is not a significant citrulline metabolite in rats. Anal Biochem 2012; 423:54-60. [PMID: 22266292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Citrulline, a key amino acid of the urea cycle, has been shown to play a regulatory role in protein and energy metabolism in mammals. We questioned whether N-carbamoyl-putrescine (NCP), the decarboxylated derivative of citrulline, could play a role in the biological properties of this amino acid. To evidence the presence of NCP in mammalian tissues, we developed a sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorimetric detection method with precolumn dansyl derivatization and solid-phase extraction for the determination of NCP together with polyamines in biological samples. Dansyl NCP was identified with a 5.85-min retention time. Linearity was obtained in a concentration range of 0.125 to 12.5 μM. Intraday and day-to-day relative coefficients of variation ranged from 8.9% to 12.3% and from 14% to 14.3%, respectively. Recovery rates in serum ranged from 75% to 83%. Thereafter, we used this method to search for the presence of NCP in serum, muscle, liver, jejunum, and ileum in rats after both short-term intraperitoneal injection and long-term oral citrulline supplementation. We failed to detect NCP in these animals. These data suggest that NCP is not a significant citrulline metabolite in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ramani
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cochin and Hotel-Dieu Hospitals, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75014, France
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45
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Salard-Arnaud I, Stuehr D, Boucher JL, Mansuy D. Spectroscopic, catalytic and binding properties of Bacillus subtilis NO synthase-like protein: comparison with other bacterial and mammalian NO synthases. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 106:164-71. [PMID: 22119809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing has shown the presence of genes coding for NO-synthase (NOS)-like proteins in bacteria. The roles and properties of these proteins remain unclear. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to characterize the recombinant NOS-like protein from Bacillus subtilis (bsNOS) in its ferric and ferrous states in the presence of various Fe(III)- and Fe(II)-heme-ligands and of a series of L-arginine (L-arg) analogs. BsNOS exhibited several spectroscopic and binding properties in common with Bacillus anthracis NOS (baNOS) that were clearly different from those of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B)-free mammalian NOS oxygenase domains (mNOS(oxys)) and of Staphylococcus aureus NOS (saNOS). Interestingly, bsNOS and baNOS that do not contain H4B exhibited properties much closer to those of H4B-containing mNOS(oxys). Moreover, bsNOS was found to efficiently catalyze the oxidation of L-arginine into L-citrulline by H(2)O(2), whereas H4B-free mNOS(oxys) exhibited low activities for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Salard-Arnaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8601 CNRS, Paris, France
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46
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Fragkos KC, Forbes A. Was citrulline first a laxative substance? The truth about modern citrulline and its isolation. Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi 2011; 57:275-292. [PMID: 22397107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Citrulline is a non-protein amino acid and is produced by the enterocytes of the small bowel. The isolation though ofcitrulline is generally ascribed to the 1930s. In the present article, we demonstrated that before 1930, there was use of the term citrulline, signifying a resin produced by Citrullus Colocynthis. This citrulline is different from modem citrulline. However, neither was modem citrulline isolated in 1930 but somewhat earlier. Reviewing the original manuscripts, Koga and Ohtake (1914) did indeed isolate citrulline for the first time and at least half a dozen other researchers cite their work. Even though their work didn't lead to the determination of the structure and nature of citrulline, theirs was the first to isolate it. Our results have a certain historical and scientific significance and are discussed in extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C Fragkos
- Centre for Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Division of Medicine, University College London
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47
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De Ceuleneer M, De Wit V, Van Steendam K, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Tilleman K, Deforce D. Modification of citrulline residues with 2,3-butanedione facilitates their detection by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2011; 25:1536-1542. [PMID: 21594927 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Citrullination is a post-translational modification (PTM) that results from the deimination of the amino acid arginine into citrulline by Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase enzymes and occurs in a wide range of proteins in health and disease. This modification causes a 1 Da mass shift, which can be used to identify citrullination sites in proteins by the use of mass spectrometry. However, other PTMs, such as deamidation from asparagine to aspartic acid or from glutamine to glutamic acid, can also cause a 1 Da mass shift, making correct interpretation of the data more difficult. We developed a chemical tagging strategy which, combined with an open source search application, allowed us to selectively pinpoint citrullinated peptides in a complex mixture after liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis. After incubation of a peptide mixture with 2,3 butanedione, citrulline residues were covalently modified which resulted in a 50 Da shift in singly charged mass. By comparison of the peptide mass fingerprint from a modified and an unmodified version of the same sample, our in-house search application was able to identify the citrullinated peptides in the mixture. This strategy was optimized on synthetic peptides and validated on a digest of in vitro citrullinated fibrinogen, where different proteolytic enzymes were used to augment the protein coverage. This new method results in easy detection of citrullinated residues, without the need for complex mass spectrometry equipment.
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48
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Marini JC. Quantitative analysis of 15N-labeled positional isomers of glutamine and citrulline via electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of their dansyl derivatives. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2011; 25:1291-1296. [PMID: 21491530 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The enteral metabolisms of glutamine and citrulline are intertwined because, while glutamine is one of the main fuel sources for the enterocyte, citrulline is one of its products. It has been shown that the administration of (15)N-labeled glutamine results in the incorporation of the (15)N label into citrulline, but it is not clear which of the three nitrogen groups of citrulline is actually labeled. To determine the (15)N-enrichment of the positional isomers of glutamine and citrulline, a rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed. The amino acids were analyzed as their dansyl derivatives. The product ion resulting from the loss of NH(3) from the omega carbon allows for the determination of the enrichment of the ureido (citrulline) or amido groups (glutamine). The protonated pyrrolidine (citrulline) or 5-oxopyrrolidine (glutamine) product ion contains the 2-N (amino group) and is used to determine its enrichment. The method described showed no ion suppression and a wide dynamic range ranging from 1.3 picomoles to 2 nanomoles for citrulline. Background samples and standards resulted in enrichments not different from those theoretically expected. The enrichment curves for the different glutamine and citrulline isotopomers were linear (R(2) > 0.998) over the range of enrichments studied. The method developed provides an additional insight into the metabolism of glutamine and citrulline tracing the precursor-product relationship between these two amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Marini
- US Department of Agriculture/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA.
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49
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Abstract
The synthesis of citrulline from arginine in the small intestine depends on the provision of ornithine. To test the hypothesis that arginase II plays a central role in the supply of ornithine for citrulline synthesis, the contribution of dietary arginine, glutamine, and proline was determined by utilizing multitracer stable isotope protocols in arginase II knockout (AII(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice. The lack of arginase II resulted in a lower citrulline rate of appearance (121 vs. 137 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1)) due to a reduced availability of ornithine; ornithine supplementation was able to restore the rate of citrulline production in AII(-/-) to levels comparable with WT mice. There were significant differences in the utilization of dietary citrulline precursors. The contribution of dietary arginine to the synthesis of citrulline was reduced from 45 to 10 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1) due to the lack of arginase II. No enteral utilization of arginine was observed in AII(-/-) mice (WT = 25 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1)), and the contribution of dietary arginine through plasma ornithine was reduced in the transgenic mice (20 vs. 13 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1)). Dietary glutamine and proline utilization were greater in AII(-/-) than in WT mice (20 vs. 13 and 1.4 vs. 3.7 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1), respectively). Most of the contribution of glutamine and proline was enteral rather than through plasma ornithine. The arginase isoform present in the small intestinal mucosa has the role of providing ornithine for citrulline synthesis. The lack of arginase II results in a greater contribution of plasma ornithine and dietary glutamine and proline to the synthesis of citrulline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Marini
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX, USA.
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50
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Morbach H, Dannecker H, Kerkau T, Girschick HJ. Prevalence of antibodies against mutated citrullinated vimentin and cyclic citrullinated peptide in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010; 28:800. [PMID: 20822716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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