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Nolan LS, Chen J, Gonçalves AC, Bullen A, Towers ER, Steel KP, Dawson SJ, Gale JE. Targeted deletion of the RNA-binding protein Caprin1 leads to progressive hearing loss and impairs recovery from noise exposure in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2444. [PMID: 35165318 PMCID: PMC8844073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle associated protein 1 (Caprin1) is an RNA-binding protein that can regulate the cellular post-transcriptional response to stress. It is a component of both stress granules and neuronal RNA granules and is implicated in neurodegenerative disease, synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. Our previous work suggested that Caprin1 also plays a role in the response of the cochlea to stress. Here, targeted inner ear-deletion of Caprin1 in mice leads to an early onset, progressive hearing loss. Auditory brainstem responses from Caprin1-deficient mice show reduced thresholds, with a significant reduction in wave-I amplitudes compared to wildtype. Whilst hair cell structure and numbers were normal, the inner hair cell-spiral ganglion neuron (IHC-SGN) synapse revealed abnormally large post-synaptic GluA2 receptor puncta, a defect consistent with the observed wave-I reduction. Unlike wildtype mice, mild-noise-induced hearing threshold shifts in Caprin1-deficient mice did not recover. Oxidative stress triggered TIA-1/HuR-positive stress granule formation in ex-vivo cochlear explants from Caprin1-deficient mice, showing that stress granules could still be induced. Taken together, these findings suggest that Caprin1 plays a key role in maintenance of auditory function, where it regulates the normal status of the IHC-SGN synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Nolan
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Anwen Bullen
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Emily R Towers
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sally J Dawson
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.
| | - Jonathan E Gale
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.
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2
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Xue Y, Hu X, Wang D, Li D, Li Y, Wang F, Huang M, Gu X, Xu Z, Zhou J, Wang J, Chai R, Shen J, Chen ZY, Li GL, Yang H, Li H, Zuo E, Shu Y. Gene editing in a Myo6 semi-dominant mouse model rescues auditory function. Mol Ther 2022; 30:105-118. [PMID: 34174443 PMCID: PMC8753286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI(MYO6) is an unconventional myosin that is vital for auditory and vestibular function. Pathogenic variants in the human MYO6 gene cause autosomal-dominant or -recessive forms of hearing loss. Effective treatments for Myo6 mutation causing hearing loss are limited. We studied whether adeno-associated virus (AAV)-PHP.eB vector-mediated in vivo delivery of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (SaCas9-KKH)-single-guide RNA (sgRNA) complexes could ameliorate hearing loss in a Myo6WT/C442Y mouse model that recapitulated the phenotypes of human patients. The in vivo editing efficiency of the AAV-SaCas9-KKH-Myo6-g2 system on Myo6C442Y is 4.05% on average in Myo6WT/C442Y mice, which was ∼17-fold greater than editing efficiency of Myo6WT alleles. Rescue of auditory function was observed up to 5 months post AAV-SaCas9-KKH-Myo6-g2 injection in Myo6WT/C442Y mice. Meanwhile, shorter latencies of auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I, lower distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) thresholds, increased cell survival rates, more regular hair bundle morphology, and recovery of inward calcium levels were also observed in the AAV-SaCas9-KKH-Myo6-g2-treated ears compared to untreated ears. These findings provide further reference for in vivo genome editing as a therapeutic treatment for various semi-dominant forms of hearing loss and other semi-dominant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xue
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinde Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daqi Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Di Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yige Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fang Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingqian Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xi Gu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhijiao Xu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinan Zhou
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School Center for Hereditary Deafness, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Geng-Lin Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Erwei Zuo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China.
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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3
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Hoshino N, Altarshan Y, Alzein A, Fernando AM, Nguyen HT, Majewski EF, Chen VCF, William Rochlin M, Yu WM. Ephrin-A3 is required for tonotopic map precision and auditory functions in the mouse auditory brainstem. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3633-3654. [PMID: 34235739 PMCID: PMC8490280 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tonotopy is a prominent feature of the vertebrate auditory system and forms the basis for sound discrimination, but the molecular mechanism that underlies its formation remains largely elusive. Ephrin/Eph signaling is known to play important roles in axon guidance during topographic mapping in other sensory systems, so we investigated its possible role in the establishment of tonotopy in the mouse cochlear nucleus. We found that ephrin-A3 molecules are differentially expressed along the tonotopic axis in the cochlear nucleus during innervation. Ephrin-A3 forward signaling is sufficient to repel auditory nerve fibers in a developmental stage-dependent manner. In mice lacking ephrin-A3, the tonotopic map is degraded and isofrequency bands of neuronal activation upon pure tone exposure become imprecise in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Ephrin-A3 mutant mice also exhibit a delayed second wave in auditory brainstem responses upon sound stimuli and impaired detection of sound frequency changes. Our findings establish an essential role for ephrin-A3 in forming precise tonotopy in the auditory brainstem to ensure accurate sound discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hoshino
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yazan Altarshan
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ahmad Alzein
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amali M. Fernando
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emma F. Majewski
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Wei-Ming Yu
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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4
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Youn CK, Jun Y, Jo ER, Cho SI. Age-Related Hearing Loss in C57BL/6J Mice Is Associated with Mitophagy Impairment in the Central Auditory System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197202. [PMID: 33003463 PMCID: PMC7584026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with functional and morphological changes in the sensory organs, including the auditory system. Mitophagy, a process that regulates the turnover of dysfunctional mitochondria, is impaired with aging. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aging on mitophagy in the central auditory system using an age-related hearing loss mouse model. C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following four groups based on age: 1-, 6-, 12-, and 18-month groups. The hearing ability was evaluated by measuring the auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds. The mitochondrial DNA damage level and the expression of mitophagy-related genes, and proteins were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. The colocalization of mitophagosomes and lysosomes in the mouse auditory cortex and inferior colliculus was analyzed by immunofluorescence analysis. The expression of genes involved in mitophagy, such as PINK1, Parkin, and BNIP3 in the mouse auditory cortex and inferior colliculus, was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. The ABR threshold increased with aging. In addition to the mitochondrial DNA integrity, the mRNA levels of PINK1, Parkin, NIX, and BNIP3, as well as the protein levels of PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, COX4, LC3B, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits I-IV in the mouse auditory cortex significantly decreased with aging. The immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the colocalization of mitophagosomes and lysosomes in the mouse auditory cortex and inferior colliculus decreased with aging. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of PINK1, Parkin, and BNIP3 decreased in the mouse auditory cortex and inferior colliculus with aging. These findings indicate that aging-associated impaired mitophagy may contribute to the cellular changes observed in an aged central auditory system, which result in age-related hearing loss. Thus, the induction of mitophagy can be a potential therapeutic strategy for age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cha Kyung Youn
- Department of Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Yonghyun Jun
- Department of Anatomy, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Eu-Ri Jo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Sung Il Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-220-3207
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5
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Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhang Q. Ectopic expression of ROR1 prevents cochlear hair cell loss in guinea pigs with noise-induced hearing loss. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9101-9113. [PMID: 34008309 PMCID: PMC7417695 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the most frequent disabilities in industrialized countries. Evidence shows that hair cell loss in the auditory end organ is responsible for the majority of various ear pathological conditions. The functional roles of the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 have been underscored in various tumours. In this study, we evaluated the ability of ROR1 to influence cochlear hair cell loss of guinea pigs with NIHL. The NIHL model was developed in guinea pigs, with subsequent measurement of the auditory brainstem response (ABR). Gain-of-function experiments were employed to explore the role of ROR1 in NIHL. The interaction between ROR1 and Wnt5a and their functions in the cochlear hair cell loss were further analysed in response to alteration of ROR1 and Wnt5a. Guinea pigs with NIHL demonstrated elevated ABR threshold and down-regulated ROR1, Wnt5a and NF-κB p65. The up-regulation of ROR1 was shown to decrease the cochlear hair cell loss and the expression of pro-apoptotic gene (Bax, p53) in guinea pig cochlea, but promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and the fluorescence intensity of cleaved-caspase-3. ROR1 interacted with Wnt5a to activate the NF-κB signalling pathway through inducing phosphorylation and translocation of p65. Furthermore, Wnt5a overexpression decreased the cochlear hair cell loss. Collectively, this study suggested the protection of overexpression of ROR1 against cochlear hair cell loss in guinea pigs with NIHL via the Wnt5a-dependent NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Children’s RehabilitationLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Electrocardiogram RoomLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Qinliang Zhang
- Department of Children’s RehabilitationLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
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6
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Morell RJ, Olszewski R, Tona R, Leitess S, Wafa TT, Taukulis I, Schultz JM, Thomason EJ, Richards K, Whitley BN, Hill C, Saunders T, Starost MF, Fitzgerald T, Wilson E, Ohyama T, Friedman TB, Hoa M. Noncoding Microdeletion in Mouse Hgf Disrupts Neural Crest Migration into the Stria Vascularis, Reduces the Endocochlear Potential, and Suggests the Neuropathology for Human Nonsyndromic Deafness DFNB39. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2976-2992. [PMID: 32152201 PMCID: PMC7141880 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2278-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional protein that signals through the MET receptor. HGF stimulates cell proliferation, cell dispersion, neuronal survival, and wound healing. In the inner ear, levels of HGF must be fine-tuned for normal hearing. In mice, a deficiency of HGF expression limited to the auditory system, or an overexpression of HGF, causes neurosensory deafness. In humans, noncoding variants in HGF are associated with nonsyndromic deafness DFNB39 However, the mechanism by which these noncoding variants causes deafness was unknown. Here, we reveal the cause of this deafness using a mouse model engineered with a noncoding intronic 10 bp deletion (del10) in Hgf Male and female mice homozygous for del10 exhibit moderate-to-profound hearing loss at 4 weeks of age as measured by tone burst auditory brainstem responses. The wild type (WT) 80 mV endocochlear potential was significantly reduced in homozygous del10 mice compared with WT littermates. In normal cochlea, endocochlear potentials are dependent on ion homeostasis mediated by the stria vascularis (SV). Previous studies showed that developmental incorporation of neural crest cells into the SV depends on signaling from HGF/MET. We show by immunohistochemistry that, in del10 homozygotes, neural crest cells fail to infiltrate the developing SV intermediate layer. Phenotyping and RNAseq analyses reveal no other significant abnormalities in other tissues. We conclude that, in the inner ear, the noncoding del10 mutation in Hgf leads to developmental defects of the SV and consequently dysfunctional ion homeostasis and a reduction in the EP, recapitulating human DFNB39 nonsyndromic deafness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hereditary deafness is a common, clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurosensory disorder. Previously, we reported that human deafness DFNB39 is associated with noncoding variants in the 3'UTR of a short isoform of HGF encoding hepatocyte growth factor. For normal hearing, HGF levels must be fine-tuned as an excess or deficiency of HGF cause deafness in mouse. Using a Hgf mutant mouse with a small 10 bp deletion recapitulating a human DFNB39 noncoding variant, we demonstrate that neural crest cells fail to migrate into the stria vascularis intermediate layer, resulting in a significantly reduced endocochlear potential, the driving force for sound transduction by inner ear hair cells. HGF-associated deafness is a neurocristopathy but, unlike many other neurocristopathies, it is not syndromic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Talah T Wafa
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5674
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinarian Resources, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Tracy Fitzgerald
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | - Takahiro Ohyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | | | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program,
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7
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Ingham NJ, Rook V, Di Domenico F, James E, Lewis MA, Girotto G, Buniello A, Steel KP. Functional analysis of candidate genes from genome-wide association studies of hearing. Hear Res 2020; 387:107879. [PMID: 31927188 PMCID: PMC6996162 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The underlying causes of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) are not well understood, but it is clear from heritability estimates that genetics plays a role in addition to environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in human populations can point to candidate genes that may be involved in ARHL, but follow-up analysis is needed to assess the role of these genes in the disease process. Some genetic variants may contribute a small amount to a disease, while other variants may have a large effect size, but the genetic architecture of ARHL is not yet well-defined. In this study, we asked if a set of 17 candidate genes highlighted by early GWAS reports of ARHL have detectable effects on hearing by knocking down expression levels of each gene in the mouse and analysing auditory function. We found two of the genes have an impact on hearing. Mutation of Dclk1 led to late-onset progressive increase in ABR thresholds and the A430005L14Rik (C1orf174) mutants showed worse recovery from noise-induced damage than controls. We did not detect any abnormal responses in the remaining 15 mutant lines either in thresholds or from our battery of suprathreshold ABR tests, and we discuss the possible reasons for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Ingham
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Victoria Rook
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Elysia James
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Morag A Lewis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buniello
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
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8
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Ingham NJ, Pearson SA, Vancollie VE, Rook V, Lewis MA, Chen J, Buniello A, Martelletti E, Preite L, Lam CC, Weiss FD, Powis Z, Suwannarat P, Lelliott CJ, Dawson SJ, White JK, Steel KP. Mouse screen reveals multiple new genes underlying mouse and human hearing loss. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000194. [PMID: 30973865 PMCID: PMC6459510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset hearing loss is very common, but we know little about the underlying molecular pathogenesis impeding the development of therapies. We took a genetic approach to identify new molecules involved in hearing loss by screening a large cohort of newly generated mouse mutants using a sensitive electrophysiological test, the auditory brainstem response (ABR). We review here the findings from this screen. Thirty-eight unexpected genes associated with raised thresholds were detected from our unbiased sample of 1,211 genes tested, suggesting extreme genetic heterogeneity. A wide range of auditory pathophysiologies was found, and some mutant lines showed normal development followed by deterioration of responses, revealing new molecular pathways involved in progressive hearing loss. Several of the genes were associated with the range of hearing thresholds in the human population and one, SPNS2, was involved in childhood deafness. The new pathways required for maintenance of hearing discovered by this screen present new therapeutic opportunities. This study uses an electrophysiological screen of over a thousand new mutant mouse lines to identify 38 new genes underlying deafness, some associated with human hearing function, revealing a wide range of molecular and pathological mechanisms. Progressive hearing loss with age is extremely common in the population, leading to difficulties in understanding speech, increased social isolation, and associated depression. We know it has a significant heritability, but so far we know very little about the molecular pathways leading to hearing loss, hampering the development of treatments. Here, we describe a large-scale screen of 1,211 new targeted mouse mutant lines, resulting in the identification of 38 genes underlying hearing loss that were not previously suspected of involvement in hearing. Some of these genes reveal molecular pathways that may be useful targets for drug development. Our further analysis of the genes identified and the varied pathological mechanisms within the ear resulting from the mutations suggests that hearing loss is an extremely heterogeneous disorder and may have as many as 1,000 genes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Ingham
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Victoria Rook
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Morag A. Lewis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Chen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Buniello
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Martelletti
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Preite
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Chung Lam
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix D. Weiss
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zӧe Powis
- Department of Emerging Genetics Medicine, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, United States of America
| | - Pim Suwannarat
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Sally J. Dawson
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karen P. Steel
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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9
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Chang A, Li C, Huang J, Pan W, Tian Y, Tang J. Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats. J Vis Exp 2018:56678. [PMID: 29889186 PMCID: PMC6101379 DOI: 10.3791/56678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer hair cell is one of the two types of sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea. They alter their cell length with the receptor potential to amplify the weak vibration of low-level sound signal. The morphology and electrophysiological property of outer hair cells (OHCs) develop in early postnatal ages. The maturation of outer hair cell may contribute to the development of the auditory system. However, the process of OHCs development is not well studied. This is partly because of the difficulty to measure their function by an electrophysiological approach. With the purpose of developing a simple method to address the above issue, here we describe a step-by-step protocol to study the function of OHCs in acutely dissociated cochlea from postnatal rats. With this method, we can evaluate the cochlear response to pure tone stimuli and examine the expression level and function of the motor protein prestin in OHCs. This method can also be used to investigate the inner hair cells (IHCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoshuang Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University
| | - Cuixian Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University; Department of Laboratory Medicines, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Southern Medical University
| | - Wenlu Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University
| | - Yinghong Tian
- Experiment Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University;
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10
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Abstract
Cortical sensory maps are remodeled during early life to adapt to the surrounding environment. Both sensory and contextual signals are important for induction of this plasticity, but how these signals converge to sculpt developing thalamocortical circuits remains largely unknown. Here we show that layer 1 (L1) of primary auditory cortex (A1) is a key hub where neuromodulatory and topographically organized thalamic inputs meet to tune the cortical layers below. Inhibitory interneurons in L1 send narrowly descending projections to differentially modulate thalamic drive to pyramidal and parvalbumin-expressing (PV) cells in L4, creating brief windows of intracolumnar activation. Silencing of L1 (but not VIP-expressing) cells abolishes map plasticity during the tonotopic critical period. Developmental transitions in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) sensitivity in these cells caused by Lynx1 protein can be overridden to extend critical-period closure. Notably, thalamocortical maps in L1 are themselves stable, and serve as a scaffold for cortical plasticity throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Takesian
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luke J Bogart
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takao K Hensch
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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11
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Hong YB, Park JM, Yu JS, Yoo DH, Nam DE, Park HJ, Lee JS, Hwang SH, Chung KW, Choi BO. Clinical characterization and genetic analysis of Korean patients with X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2017; 22:172-181. [PMID: 28448691 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gap junction protein beta 1 gene (GJB1) cause X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 (CMTX1). CMTX1 is representative of the intermediate type of CMT, having both demyelinating and axonal neuropathic features. We analyzed the clinical and genetic characterization of 128 patients with CMTX1 from 63 unrelated families. Genetic analysis revealed a total of 43 mutations including 6 novel mutations. Ten mutations were found from two or more unrelated families. p.V95M was most frequently observed. The frequency of CMTX1 was 9.6% of total Korean CMT family and was 14.8% when calculated within genetically identified cases. Among 67 male and 61 female patients, 22 females were asymptomatic. A high-arched foot, ataxia, and tremor were observed in 87%, 41%, and 35% of the patients, respectively. In the male patients, functional disability scale, CMT neuropathy score, and compound muscle action potential of the median/ulnar nerves were more severely affected than in the female patients. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical features and spectrum of GJB1 gene mutations in Korean CMTX1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young B Hong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Mo Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Jin S Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Da H Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Da E Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Hyung J Park
- Department of Neurology, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Su Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun H Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki W Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Wu X, Indzhykulian AA, Niksch PD, Webber RM, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Watnick T, Zhou J, Vollrath MA, Corey DP. Hair-Cell Mechanotransduction Persists in TRP Channel Knockout Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155577. [PMID: 27196058 PMCID: PMC4873267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the TRP superfamily of ion channels mediate mechanosensation in some organisms, and have been suggested as candidates for the mechanotransduction channel in vertebrate hair cells. Some TRP channels can be ruled out based on lack of an inner ear phenotype in knockout animals or pore properties not similar to the hair-cell channel. Such studies have excluded Trpv4, Trpa1, Trpml3, Trpm1, Trpm3, Trpc1, Trpc3, Trpc5, and Trpc6. However, others remain reasonable candidates. We used data from an RNA-seq analysis of gene expression in hair cells as well as data on TRP channel conductance to narrow the candidate group. We then characterized mice lacking functional Trpm2, Pkd2, Pkd2l1, Pkd2l2 and Pkd1l3, using scanning electron microscopy, auditory brainstem response, permeant dye accumulation, and single-cell electrophysiology. In all of these TRP-deficient mice, and in double and triple knockouts, mechanotransduction persisted. Together with published studies, these results argue against the participation of any of the 33 mouse TRP channels in hair cell transduction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Cochlea/physiology
- Ear, Inner/physiology
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology
- Hearing
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- TRPM Cation Channels/genetics
- TRPP Cation Channels/genetics
- Transient Receptor Potential Channels/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Artur A. Indzhykulian
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Niksch
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roxanna M. Webber
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miguel Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terry Watnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jing Zhou
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Vollrath
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David P. Corey
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Apostolides PF, Trussell LO. Regulation of interneuron excitability by gap junction coupling with principal cells. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:1764-72. [PMID: 24185427 PMCID: PMC3963432 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrical coupling of inhibitory interneurons can synchronize activity across multiple neurons, thereby enhancing the reliability of inhibition onto principal cell targets. It is unclear whether downstream activity in principal cells controls the excitability of such inhibitory networks. Using paired patch-clamp recordings, we show that excitatory projection neurons (fusiform cells) and inhibitory stellate interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus form an electrically coupled network through gap junctions containing connexin36 (Cxc36, also called Gjd2). Remarkably, stellate cells were more strongly coupled to fusiform cells than to other stellate cells. This heterologous coupling was functionally asymmetric, biasing electrical transmission from the principal cell to the interneuron. Optogenetically activated populations of fusiform cells reliably enhanced interneuron excitability and generated GABAergic inhibition onto the postsynaptic targets of stellate cells, whereas deep afterhyperpolarizations following fusiform cell spike trains potently inhibited stellate cells over several hundred milliseconds. Thus, the excitability of an interneuron network is bidirectionally controlled by distinct epochs of activity in principal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre F Apostolides
- 1] Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. [2] Vollum Institute and Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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14
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Hornickel J, Lin D, Kraus N. Speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses reflect familial and cognitive influences. Dev Sci 2013; 16:101-10. [PMID: 23278931 PMCID: PMC3539249 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cortical function and related cognitive, language, and communication skills are genetically influenced. The auditory brainstem response to speech is linked to language skill, reading ability, cognitive skills, and speech-in-noise perception; however, the impact of shared genetic and environmental factors on the response has not been investigated. We assessed auditory brainstem responses to speech presented in quiet and background noise from (1) 23 pairs of same sex, same learning diagnosis siblings (Siblings), (2) 23 unrelated children matched on age, sex, IQ, and reading ability to one of the siblings (Reading-Matched), and (3) 22 pairs of unrelated children matched on age and sex but not on reading ability to the same sibling (Age/Sex-Matched). By quantifying response similarity as the intersubject response-to-response correlation for sibling pairs, reading-matched pairs, and age- and sex-matched pairs, we found that siblings had more similar responses than age- and sex-matched pairs and reading-matched pairs. Similarity of responses between siblings was as high as the similarity of responses collected from an individual over the course of the recording session. Responses from unrelated children matched on reading were more similar than responses from unrelated children matched only on age and sex, supporting previous data linking variations in auditory brainstem activity with variations in reading ability. These results suggest that auditory brainstem function can be influenced by siblingship and auditory-based communication skills such as reading, motivating the use of speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses for assessing risk of reading and communication impairments in family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hornickel
- Auditory Neuroscience Lab, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Genetic loss of VGLUT3 in cochlear inner hair cells results in profound deafness. In this issue of Neuron, Akil et al. (2012) show that AAV-mediated introduction of wild-type VGLUT3 in the genetically deaf mouse cochlea results in significantly improved hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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16
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Akil O, Seal RP, Burke K, Wang C, Alemi A, During M, Edwards RH, Lustig LR. Restoration of hearing in the VGLUT3 knockout mouse using virally mediated gene therapy. Neuron 2012; 75:283-93. [PMID: 22841313 PMCID: PMC3408581 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mice lacking the vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (VGLUT3) are congenitally deaf due to loss of glutamate release at the inner hair cell afferent synapse. Cochlear delivery of VGLUT3 using adeno-associated virus type 1 (AAV1) leads to transgene expression in only inner hair cells (IHCs), despite broader viral uptake. Within 2 weeks of AAV1-VGLUT3 delivery, auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds normalize, along with partial rescue of the startle response. Lastly, we demonstrate partial reversal of the morphologic changes seen within the afferent IHC ribbon synapse. These findings represent a successful restoration of hearing by gene replacement in mice, which is a significant advance toward gene therapy of human deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Akil
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0449. Phone: 415-476-0728.
| | - Rebecca P. Seal
- Department of Neurology- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3301. Phone: 412-624-5183.
| | - Kevin Burke
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0449. Phone: 415-476-0728.
| | - Chuansong Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Phone: 614-247-4351
| | - Aurash Alemi
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0449. Phone: 415-476-0728.
| | - Matthew During
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Phone: 614-247-4351.
| | - Robert H. Edwards
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2140. Phone: 415-502-5687.
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17
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Rocha-Sanchez SM, Scheetz LR, Contreras M, Weston MD, Korte M, McGee J, Walsh EJ. Mature mice lacking Rbl2/p130 gene have supernumerary inner ear hair cells and supporting cells. J Neurosci 2011; 31:8883-93. [PMID: 21677172 PMCID: PMC3132102 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5821-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian auditory hair cells (HCs) and their associated supporting cells (SCs) do not proliferate, and HC death leads to irreversible neurosensory hearing loss and balance impairment. In nonmammalian vertebrates, loss of HCs induces mitotic proliferation of adjacent nonsensory SCs and/or direct SC transdifferentiation to generate replacement cells. This results in the structural and functional recovery of the nonmammalian sensory systems. Potential replacement of mammalian auditory HCs, either by transplanting cells or by transforming existing cells through molecular therapy, has long been proposed. However, HC replacement strategies with clear therapeutic potential remain elusive. The retinoblastoma (pRB) family of cell cycle regulators, Rb1, Rbl1 (p107), and Rbl2 (p130), regulate the G(1)- to S-phase transition in proliferating cells. In the inner ear, the biochemical and molecular pathways involving pRBs, particularly p107 and p130, are relatively unexplored and their therapeutic suitability is yet to be determined. In this study, we analyzed the cochleae of adult p130 knock-out (p130(-/-)) mice and showed that lack of the p130 gene results in extra rows of HCs and SCs in the more apical regions of the cochlea. No evidence of transdifferentiation of these supernumerary SCs into HCs was observed in the p130(-/-) mouse. Nevertheless, unscheduled proliferation of SCs in the adult p130(-/-) cochlea coupled to downregulation of bona fide cell cycle inhibitors provides a mechanistic basis for the role of p130 as a regulator of SC and HC mitotic quiescence in the more apical regions of the cochlea. Interestingly, p130(-/-) mice exhibited nearly normal peripheral auditory sensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cell Proliferation
- Ear, Inner/cytology
- Ear, Inner/embryology
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/physiology
- Immunoprecipitation
- Labyrinth Supporting Cells/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myosin VIIa
- Myosins/metabolism
- Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Retinoblastoma Protein/deficiency
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tubulin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Rocha-Sanchez
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
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18
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Masaki K, Gu JW, Ghaffari R, Chan G, Smith RJ, Freeman DM, Aranyosi A. Col11a2 deletion reveals the molecular basis for tectorial membrane mechanical anisotropy. Biophys J 2009; 96:4717-24. [PMID: 19486694 PMCID: PMC2711449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tectorial membrane (TM) has a significantly larger stiffness in the radial direction than other directions, a prominent mechanical anisotropy that is believed to be critical for the proper functioning of the cochlea. To determine the molecular basis of this anisotropy, we measured material properties of TMs from mice with a targeted deletion of Col11a2, which encodes for collagen XI. In light micrographs, the density of TM radial collagen fibers was lower in Col11a2 -/- mice than wild-types. Tone-evoked distortion product otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem response measurements in Col11a2 -/- mice were reduced by 30-50 dB independent of frequency as compared with wild-types, showing that the sensitivity loss is cochlear in origin. Stress-strain measurements made using osmotic pressure revealed no significant dependence of TM bulk compressibility on the presence of collagen XI. Charge measurements made by placing the TM as an electrical conduit between two baths revealed no change in the density of charge affixed to the TM matrix in Col11a2 -/- mice. Measurements of mechanical shear impedance revealed a 5.5 +/- 0.8 dB decrease in radial shear impedance and a 3.3 +/- 0.3 dB decrease in longitudinal shear impedance resulting from the Col11a2 deletion. The ratio of radial to longitudinal shear impedance fell from 1.8 +/- 0.7 for TMs from wild-type mice to 1.0 +/- 0.1 for those from Col11a2 -/- mice. These results show that the organization of collagen into radial fibrils is responsible for the mechanical anisotropy of the TM. This anisotropy can be attributed to increased mechanical coupling provided by the collagen fibrils. Mechanisms by which changes in TM material properties may contribute to the threshold elevation in Col11a2 -/- mice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinuko Masaki
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianwen Wendy Gu
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Richard J.H. Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Dennis M. Freeman
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A.J. Aranyosi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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19
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Schraff SA, Schleiss MR, Brown DK, Meinzen-Derr J, Choi KY, Greinwald JH, Choo DI. Macrophage inflammatory proteins in cytomegalovirus-related inner ear injury. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 137:612-8. [PMID: 17903579 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inner ear inflammation triggered by CMV infection may play a role in CMV-related auditory pathogenesis. The purpose of the study was to determine if a virally encoded macrophage inflammatory protein played a role in CMV-related hearing loss. DESIGN Mutagenesis was performed with deletion of a guinea pig CMV macrophage inflammatory protein. Intracochlear inoculations were performed on three groups of animals (n = 18). Group 1 received sterile viral media, Group 2 received wild-type CMV virus, and Group 3 received "knockout" (KO) virus with a deleted immunomodulation gene. Baseline and postinoculation ABRs were obtained. ELISA and PCR were performed and temporal bones examined. SUBJECTS Eighteen guinea pigs. RESULTS The KO group had significantly better hearing than the WT group. There were no significant differences between the KO and sham groups. The WT group had significant hearing loss at all frequencies. Inflammation and fibrosis were noted in the WT temporal bones only. CONCLUSIONS Virally encoded macrophage inflammatory proteins appear to play a significant role in CMV-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Schraff
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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20
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Coryell MW, Ziemann AE, Westmoreland PJ, Haenfler JM, Kurjakovic Z, Zha XM, Price M, Schnizler MK, Wemmie JA. Targeting ASIC1a reduces innate fear and alters neuronal activity in the fear circuit. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62:1140-8. [PMID: 17662962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying innate fear are poorly understood. Previous studies indicated that the acid sensing ion channel ASIC1a influences fear behavior in conditioning paradigms. However, these differences may have resulted from an ASIC1a effect on learning, memory, or the expression of fear. METHODS To test the hypothesis that ASIC1a influences the expression of fear or anxiety independent of classical conditioning, we examined the effects of disrupting the mouse ASIC1a gene on unconditioned fear in the open field test, unconditioned acoustic startle, and fear evoked by the predator odor trimethylthiazoline (TMT). In addition, we tested the effects of acutely inhibiting ASIC1a with PcTx, an ASIC1a antagonist in tarantula venom. Our immunohistochemistry suggested ASIC1a is expressed in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial amygdala, and periaqueductal gray, which are thought to play important roles in the generation and expression of innate fear. Therefore, we also tested whether ASIC1a disruption altered c-fos expression in these structures following TMT exposure. RESULTS We found that the loss of ASIC1a reduced fear in the open field test, reduced acoustic startle, and inhibited the fear response to TMT. Similarly, intracerebroventricular administration of PcTx reduced TMT-evoked freezing in ASIC1a(+/+) mice but not ASIC1a(-/-) mice. In addition, loss of ASIC1a altered TMT-evoked c-fos expression in the medial amydala and dorsal periaqueductal gray. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ASIC1a modulates activity in the circuits underlying innate fear. Furthermore, the data indicate that targeting the ASIC1a gene or acutely inhibiting ASIC1a suppresses fear and anxiety independent of conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Coryell
- Neuroscience Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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21
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Kono M, Belyantseva IA, Skoura A, Frolenkov GI, Starost MF, Dreier JL, Lidington D, Bolz SS, Friedman TB, Hla T, Proia RL. Deafness and stria vascularis defects in S1P2 receptor-null mice. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10690-6. [PMID: 17284444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700370200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The S1P(2) receptor is a member of a family of G protein-coupled receptors that bind the extracellular sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate with high affinity. The receptor is widely expressed and linked to multiple G protein signaling pathways, but its physiological function has remained elusive. Here we have demonstrated that S1P(2) receptor expression is essential for proper functioning of the auditory and vestibular systems. Auditory brainstem response analysis revealed that S1P(2) receptor-null mice were deaf by one month of age. These null mice exhibited multiple inner ear pathologies. However, some of the earliest cellular lesions in the cochlea were found within the stria vascularis, a barrier epithelium containing the primary vasculature of the inner ear. Between 2 and 4 weeks after birth, the basal and marginal epithelial cell barriers and the capillary bed within the stria vascularis of the S1P(2) receptor-null mice showed markedly disturbed structures. JTE013, an S1P(2) receptor-specific antagonist, blocked the S1P-induced vasoconstriction of the spiral modiolar artery, which supplies blood directly to the stria vascularis and protects its capillary bed from high perfusion pressure. Vascular disturbance within the stria vascularis is a potential mechanism that leads to deafness in the S1P(2) receptor-null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kono
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1821, USA
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22
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Stepanyan R, Belyantseva IA, Griffith AJ, Friedman TB, Frolenkov GI. Auditory mechanotransduction in the absence of functional myosin-XVa. J Physiol 2006; 576:801-8. [PMID: 16973713 PMCID: PMC1890419 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.118547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In hair cells of all vertebrates, a mechanosensory bundle is formed by stereocilia with precisely graded heights. Unconventional myosin-XVa is critical for formation of this bundle because it transports whirlin and perhaps other molecular components responsible for programmed elongation of stereocilia to the stereocilia tips. A tip of a stereocilium is the site of stereocilia growth and one of the proposed sites of mechano-electrical transduction. In adult shaker 2 mice, a mutation that disables the motor function of myosin-XVa results in profound deafness and abnormally short stereocilia that lack stereocilia links, an indispensable component of mechanotransduction machinery. Therefore, it was assumed that myosin-XVa is required for proper formation of the mechanotransduction apparatus. Here we show that in young postnatal shaker 2 mice, abnormally short stereocilia bundles of auditory hair cells have numerous stereocilia links and 'wild type' mechano-electrical transduction. We compared the mechanotransduction current in auditory hair cells of young normal-hearing littermates, myosin-XVa-deficient shaker 2 mice, and whirler mice that have similarly short stereocilia but intact myosin-XVa at the stereocilia tips. This comparison revealed that the absence of functional myosin-XVa does not disrupt adaptation of the mechanotransduction current during sustained bundle deflection. Thus, the hair cell mechanotransduction complex forms and functions independently from myosin-XVa-based hair bundle morphogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cilia/physiology
- Deafness/etiology
- Deafness/genetics
- Deafness/physiopathology
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/cytology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/physiology
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular/genetics
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular/physiology
- Mice
- Mutation/genetics
- Myosins/genetics
- Myosins/physiology
- Organ of Corti/cytology
- Organ of Corti/pathology
- Organ of Corti/physiology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Stepanyan
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, MS508, Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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23
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Engel J, Braig C, Rüttiger L, Kuhn S, Zimmermann U, Blin N, Sausbier M, Kalbacher H, Münkner S, Rohbock K, Ruth P, Winter H, Knipper M. Two classes of outer hair cells along the tonotopic axis of the cochlea. Neuroscience 2006; 143:837-49. [PMID: 17074442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis of high versus low frequency hearing loss and the differences in the sensitivity of outer hair cells depending on their cochlear localization are currently not understood. Here we demonstrate the existence of two different outer hair cell phenotypes along the cochlear axis. Outer hair cells in low frequency regions exhibit early sensitivity for loss of Ca(v)1.3 (alpha1 subunit 1.3 forming the class D L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel), while high frequency regions display a progressive susceptibility for loss of the Ca(2+)-activated large conductance K(+) (BK) channel. Despite deafness, young Ca(v)1.3-deficient mice displayed distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), indicating functional outer hair cells in the higher frequency range of the cochlea. Considering that DPOAEs are also found in the human deafness syndrome DFNB9 caused by mutations in the synaptic vesicle protein otoferlin, we tested the expression of otoferlin in outer hair cells. Surprisingly, otoferlin showed a distinct tonotopic expression pattern at both the mRNA and protein level. Otoferlin-expressing, Ca(v)1.3 deletion-sensitive outer hair cells in the low frequency range could be clearly separated from otoferlin-negative, BK deletion-sensitive outer hair cells in the high frequency range. In addition, BK deletion led to a higher noise vulnerability in low frequency regions, which are normally unaffected by the BK deletion alone, suggesting that BK currents are involved in survival mechanisms of outer hair cells under noise conditions. Our findings propose new mechanisms and candidate genes for explaining high and low frequency hearing loss.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation/methods
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Auditory Threshold/physiology
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/deficiency
- Co-Repressor Proteins
- Cochlea/cytology
- Cochlea/growth & development
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/cytology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/physiology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- In Situ Hybridization/methods
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits/deficiency
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- J Engel
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Physiology II and Department of Otolaryngology, THRC, Gmelinstrasse 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Kanzaki S, Ito M, Takada Y, Ogawa K, Matsuo K. Resorption of auditory ossicles and hearing loss in mice lacking osteoprotegerin. Bone 2006; 39:414-9. [PMID: 16564235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bones conduct sound in the middle ear. The three ossicles-the malleus, incus, and stapes-form a chain that transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the inner ear. Little is known about bone remodeling events in these ossicles and about potential effects of osteoporosis on hearing loss. Osteoclastic bone resorption is enhanced in Opg(-/-) mice lacking osteoprotegerin, which is a soluble decoy receptor for the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL. We asked whether auditory ossicles are resorbed in Opg(-/-) mice, and whether these mice suffer from impaired auditory function. All three ossicles in Opg(-/-) mice showed thinning, especially at the malleal manubrium and incus body. Most notably, unlike in the case in wild-type mice, the junction between the stapes and the otic capsule was fixed in Opg(-/-) mice, and the stapedial footplate was thinner and broader. Radiological analyses revealed that malleal cortical thickness was positively correlated with tibial bone mineral density in Opg(-/-) and control littermate mice. Furthermore, progressive hearing loss was detected in Opg(-/-) mice starting at 6 to 15 weeks of age. These data suggest that osteoprotegerin plays a crucial role in hearing by protecting the auditory ossicles and otic capsule from osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kanzaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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25
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Vrijens K, Thys S, De Jeu MT, Postnov AA, Pfister M, Cox L, Zwijsen A, Van Hoof V, Mueller M, De Clerck NM, De Zeeuw CI, Van Camp G, Van Laer L. Ozzy, a Jag1 vestibular mouse mutant, displays characteristics of Alagille syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2006; 24:28-40. [PMID: 16875832 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse mutant Ozzy, originating from an ENU-mutagenesis programme, displays a head bobbing phenotype. We report here that Ozzy mice show a clear deficit in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Micro-CT scanning of the inner ears showed narrowing and truncations of at least one of the semicircular canals and loss of the ampullae. Frequency-specific auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR) tests revealed a slight threshold increase in the middle frequency range compared to wild-type littermates. Linkage analysis localised the gene in a 5.5-cM region on chromosome 2. Subsequently, a 499 T-->A missense mutation was identified in Jag1, leading to a substitution of an evolutionary conserved tryptophane (W167R). Mutations in the human homologue of Jag1 cause Alagille syndrome (AGS), an autosomal dominant disorder associated with liver, heart, eye and skeletal abnormalities, accompanied by a characteristic facies. In human patients, it occasionally affects other organ systems like the kidney or the inner ear. Liver disease is the main diagnostic factor for AGS. Ozzy mice showed significantly less intrahepatic bile ducts than wild-type littermates. Thirty-seven percent of Ozzy mice showed heart defects. No eye or vertebral abnormalities could be detected. In conclusion, Ozzy mice show two of the major and one minor characteristic of AGS.
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MESH Headings
- Alagille Syndrome/enzymology
- Alagille Syndrome/genetics
- Alagille Syndrome/physiopathology
- Animals
- Bone Diseases/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cochlea/pathology
- Cochlea/physiology
- DNA/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology
- Genetic Linkage
- Growth Disorders/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Jagged-1 Protein
- Lectins/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Neurologic Mutants/physiology
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Mutation, Missense/physiology
- Psychomotor Performance/physiology
- Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular/genetics
- Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular/physiology
- Serrate-Jagged Proteins
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
- Vision Disorders/genetics
- Visual Perception
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Vrijens
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Song L, McGee JA, Walsh EJ. Consequences of combined maternal, fetal and persistent postnatal hypothyroidism on the development of auditory function in Tshrhyt mutant mice. Brain Res 2006; 1101:59-72. [PMID: 16780814 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tshrhyt/hyt mutant mice express a point mutation in the gene encoding the thyrotropin receptor, and affected animals are congenitally hypothyroid and profoundly deaf as a consequence when the condition is untreated. In this investigation, a previously unrecognized developmental stage was identified in the hypothyroid, mutant progeny of hypothyroid dams by tracking developmental changes in the auditory brainstem response (ABR). ABR thresholds develop rapidly in normal, euthyroid animals, decreasing as much as 80 dB between P12 (postnatal day 12) and P15, with mature sensitivity being gradually acquired by P18. In contrast, Tshrhyt/hyt mutant mice remained profoundly deaf on P24 and although thresholds improved by approximately 30 dB by P60, residual frequency-dependent deficits of 20-70 dB were observed in animals exhibiting end-stage disease. The rate of threshold improvement in mutant mice was approximately ten times slower than in normal mice. While ABR wave latencies and interpeak intervals decreased early in postnatal life, values decreased over a delayed and protracted time period, reaching adult values well after those of controls attained maturity. As with normal mice, slopes of wave I latency-intensity curves were significantly steeper in immature animals than those observed in adults and decreased during development, but failed to achieve normal adult values and remained significantly steeper than those for controls. Findings reported here suggest that passive aspects of electromechanical transduction achieve maturity in Tshrhyt/hyt progeny of Tshrhyt/hyt mice and that development, limited as it may be, occurs most prominently in the basal half of the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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27
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Eiberger J, Kibschull M, Strenzke N, Schober A, Büssow H, Wessig C, Djahed S, Reucher H, Koch DA, Lautermann J, Moser T, Winterhager E, Willecke K. Expression pattern and functional characterization of connexin29 in transgenic mice. Glia 2006; 53:601-11. [PMID: 16435366 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using newly generated transgenic mice in which the coding region of the connexin29 (Cx29) gene was replaced by the lacZ reporter gene, we confirmed previous immunochemical results that Cx29 is expressed in Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes and Bergmann glia cells. In addition, we detected lacZ/Cx29 in Schwann cells of the sciatic nerve and in particular of the spiral ganglion in the inner ear, as well as at low abundance in the stria vascularis. Furthermore, we found lacZ/Cx29 expression in nonmyelinating Schwann cells of the adrenal gland, in chondrocytes of intervertebral discs and the epiphysis of developing bones. Electron microscopic analyses of myelin sheaths in the central and peripheral nervous system of Cx29-deficient mice detected no abnormalities. The nerve conduction in the sciatic nerve of adult Cx29-deficient mice and the auditory brain stem response as well as visually evoked potentials in 4- to 10-week-old Cx29-deficient mice were not different from wild-type littermate controls. Thus, in contrast to connexin32 and connexin47, which are also expressed in myelinating cells, Cx29 does not contribute to the function of myelin in adult mice.
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28
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Bao J, Lei D, Du Y, Ohlemiller KK, Beaudet AL, Role LW. Requirement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit beta2 in the maintenance of spiral ganglion neurons during aging. J Neurosci 2006; 25:3041-5. [PMID: 15788760 PMCID: PMC2280031 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5277-04.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a major health concern for the elderly. Loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the primary sensory relay of the auditory system, is associated consistently with presbycusis. The causative molecular events responsible for age-related loss of SGNs are unknown. Recent reports directly link age-related neuronal loss in cerebral cortex with the loss of high-affinity nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In cochlea, cholinergic synapses are made by olivocochlear efferent fibers on the outer hair cells that express alpha9 nAChR subunits and on the peripheral projections of SGNs that express alpha2, alpha4-7, and beta2-3 nAChR subunits. A significantly decreased expression of the beta2 nAChR subunit in SGNs was found specifically in mice susceptible to presbycusis. Furthermore, mice lacking the beta2 nAChR subunit (beta2-/-), but not mice lacking the alpha5 nAChR subunit (alpha5-/-), have dramatic hearing loss and significant reduction in the number of SGNs. Our findings clearly established a requirement for beta2 nAChR subunit in the maintenance of SGNs during aging.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation/methods
- Age Factors
- Aging/metabolism
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern/methods
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Cadherins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Neurons/metabolism
- Presbycusis/genetics
- Presbycusis/metabolism
- Presbycusis/physiopathology
- Protein Subunits/deficiency
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/deficiency
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Spiral Ganglion/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Aging, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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29
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Galbraith G, Waschek J, Armstrong B, Edmond J, Lopez I, Liu W, Kurtz I. Murine auditory brainstem evoked response: putative two-channel differentiation of peripheral and central neural pathways. J Neurosci Methods 2006; 153:214-20. [PMID: 16406043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Standard noninvasive recordings of the auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR) from a single pair of obliquely oriented electrodes (typically midline vertex referenced to mastoid) confound inherently distinct signals propagating over peripheral and central neural pathways differing in location and spatial orientation. We describe here a technique for recording short-latency auditory evoked potentials that putatively differentiates peripheral and central neural activity in the mouse and rat. The technique involves recording from two orthogonally oriented electrode pairs using fast sample rates (100 k/s) to accurately measure differences in neural timing and waveform morphology. Electrodes oriented in a transverse plane (mastoid-to-mastoid) register an initial positive-going ABR peak (P1T) earlier than a series of peaks recorded from electrodes oriented along the midline (anterior and posterior to the inter-aural line). The absolute P1T latency is consistent with an origin in the primary auditory nerve, while the delayed midline latencies implicate activity farther along central neural pathways. Differences between these latencies (midline minus transverse) provide new and precise measures of central conduction time (CCT), which in one case is as brief as 0.10 ms. Results in wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice, as well as rats, show significant differences in absolute latencies as well as CCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Galbraith
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles 90095-7332, USA.
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30
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Wang Z, Ruan Q, Wang D. Different effects of intracochlear sensory and neuronal injury stimulation on expression of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the auditory cortex of rats in vivo. Acta Otolaryngol 2005; 125:1145-51. [PMID: 16353388 DOI: 10.1080/00016480510038211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS The expression of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the auditory cortex is dynamic and is bidirectionally regulated by auditory activity. Furthermore, the time course of changes in the level of NR2A protein differs after sensory and neuronal injury stimulation, which modulate different changes in synaptic plasticity. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of different types of auditory activity on the expression of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the auditory cortex of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prepared synaptosomes from the auditory cortices of postnatal Day 28 ototoxic-deafened Sprague-Dawley rats and postnatal Day 28 Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to noise trauma that were given various treatments and compared them to the synaptosomes of 1-6-week-old normal Sprague-Dawley rats. The expression of different NMDAR subunits in the synaptosomes was investigated by means of Western blotting. RESULTS Changes in NR1 and NR2B proteins were not significant during different types of auditory activity. The level of NR2A protein increased remarkably during postnatal development and as a result of electrical intracochlear stimulation, auditory deprivation and noise trauma. Seventy-two h after a 2-h period of sensory electrical intracochlear stimulation, the expression of NR2A protein returned to the level caused by auditory deprivation. Seventy-two h after a 3-h period of noise trauma, elevation of the level of NR2A protein was unchanged. We also confirmed that elevation of the level of synaptic NR2A protein was sensitive to protein synthesis inhibitor and NMDAR antagonist. However, transcription inhibitor had no effect on NR2A protein expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Auditory Cortex/pathology
- Blotting, Western
- Cochlear Nerve/drug effects
- Cochlear Nerve/injuries
- Cochlear Nerve/pathology
- Cycloheximide/toxicity
- Dactinomycin/toxicity
- Electric Stimulation Therapy
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Female
- Hair Cells, Auditory/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory/injuries
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/pathology
- Male
- Neuronal Plasticity/genetics
- Piperazines/toxicity
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Sensory Deprivation/physiology
- Synapses/genetics
- Synaptosomes/pathology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Wang
- Otolaryngology Research Institute, EENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Feng Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Shimizu Y, Hakuba N, Hyodo J, Taniguchi M, Gyo K. Kanamycin ototoxicity in glutamate transporter knockout mice. Neurosci Lett 2005; 380:243-6. [PMID: 15862894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), a powerful glutamate uptake system, removes released glutamate from the synaptic cleft and facilitates the re-use of glutamate as a neurotransmitter recycling system. Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss is mediated via a glutamate excitotoxic process. We investigated the effect of aminoglycoside ototoxicity in GLAST knockout mice using the recorded auditory brainstem response (ABR) and number of hair cells in the cochlea. Kanamycin (100 mg/mL) was injected directly into the posterior semicircular canal of mice. Before the kanamycin treatment, there was no difference in the ABR threshold average between the wild-type and knockout mice. Kanamycin injection aggravated the ABR threshold in the GLAST knockout mice compared with the wild-type mice, and the IHC degeneration was more severe in the GLAST knockout mice. These findings suggest that GLAST plays an important role in preventing the degeneration of inner hair cells in aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Transport System X-AG/genetics
- Animals
- Auditory Threshold/drug effects
- Auditory Threshold/physiology
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/drug effects
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/chemically induced
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Kanamycin/toxicity
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Degeneration/chemically induced
- Nerve Degeneration/metabolism
- Nerve Degeneration/physiopathology
- Neurotoxins/toxicity
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
- Synaptic Transmission/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Shimizu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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32
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Hildebrand MS, de Silva MG, Klockars T, Solares CA, Hirose K, Smith JD, Patel SC, Dahl HHM. Expression of the carrier protein apolipoprotein D in the mouse inner ear. Hear Res 2005; 200:102-14. [PMID: 15668042 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2004.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cochlear portion of the inner ear converts movements produced by sound waves into electrical impulses. Transcripts enriched in the cochlea are likely to have an important role in hearing. In this paper, we report that microarray analyses of the Soares NMIE inner ear library revealed cochlear enriched expression of apolipoprotein D (apoD), a glycoprotein and member of the lipocalin family that transport small hydrophobic ligands. The cochlear enriched expression of Apod was validated by quantitative real time PCR analysis. To investigate the function of apoD in the inner ear the transcript and protein were localised in the cochlea. Apod messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was localised to the spiral ligament and spiral limbus, particularly in the suprastrial and supralimbral regions. The apoD protein was detected in the spiral ligament, spiral limbus and also in the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti. Investigation of cell lines exhibiting characteristics of hair and supporting cells revealed no Apod mRNA expression in these cells. This suggests transport of the protein within the cochlea, followed by internalisation into outer hair cells. The spiral limbus and ligament contain subpopulations of fibrocytes that are intimately involved in regulation of ion balance in the cochlear fluids and type I, II and III fibrocytes of the spiral ligament were all shown to be positive for apoD protein. On the basis of these results it was hypothesised that apoD could be involved in maintaining cochlear fluid homeostasis. To determine whether the apoD gene product was important for normal auditory function the hearing ability of an apoD knockout mouse was tested. The mouse was found to have a hearing threshold that was not significantly different to the control strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hildebrand
- Department of Gene Identification and Expression, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic. 3052, Australia
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Abstract
Hereditary loss of hearing affects many breeds of the domestic dog, but the Dalmatian has the highest prevalence. Approximately 30% are affected in the United States (U.S.) population. It is widely accepted that a relationship exists between deafness and pigmentation in the dog and also in other animals. While the Dalmatian exemplifies this relationship, the genetic origin and mode of inheritance of deafness in this breed are unknown. The goals of this study were to: (1) estimate the heritability of deafness in an extended kindred of U.S. Dalmatians and (2) determine, through complex segregation analysis, whether there is a major segregating locus that has a large effect on the expression of deafness. A kindred of 266 Dalmatians was assembled, of which 199 had been diagnosed using the brainstem auditory evoked response to determine auditory status. Of these, 74.4% (N = 148) had normal hearing, 18.1% (N = 36) were unilaterally deaf, and 7.5% (N = 15) were bilaterally deaf. A heritability of 0.73 was estimated considering deafness a dichotomous trait and 0.75 considering it as a trichotomous trait. Although deafness in the Dalmatian is clearly heritable, the evidence for the presence of a single major gene affecting the disorder is not persuasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Cargill
- Department of Pathobiology and Program in Genetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467, USA
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Odeh H, Hagiwara N, Skynner M, Mitchem KL, Beyer LA, Allen ND, Brilliant MH, Lebart MC, Dolan DF, Raphael Y, Kohrman DC. Characterization of Two Transgene Insertional Mutations at Pirouette, a Mouse Deafness Locus. Audiol Neurootol 2004; 9:303-14. [PMID: 15347914 DOI: 10.1159/000080701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse mutant 'pirouette' (pi) exhibits profound hearing loss and vestibular defects due to inheritance of a recessive mutation on chromosome 5. Dysfunction has been correlated with defects during maturation of sensory cells in the inner ear. As an initial step in characterizing pirouette at the genetic level, we have localized the candidate interval to a small region on central chromosome 5 by analysis of a congenic strain of pirouette mice. This region exhibits conserved synteny with human chromosome 4 and suggests that pirouette may be a genetic model of the human nonsyndromic deafness disorder DFNB25, which has been localized to 4p15.3-q12. In addition to the original spontaneous pirouette strain, we have identified and characterized 2 additional mouse strains with allelic mutations at the same locus. Analysis of the morphology in each of the 3 pirouette alleles indicated very similar early postnatal alterations in maturation of stereocilia and suggests that the gene affected in pirouette normally plays a role in building or maintaining these structures that are critical for sensory mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Odeh
- Department of Otolaryngology/Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109-0648, USA
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Kamphoven JHJ, de Ruiter MM, Winkel LPF, Van den Hout HMP, Bijman J, De Zeeuw CI, Hoeve HL, Van Zanten BA, Van der Ploeg AT, Reuser AJJ. Hearing loss in infantile Pompe's disease and determination of underlying pathology in the knockout mouse. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 16:14-20. [PMID: 15207257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing deficit occurs in several lysosomal storage disorders but has so far not been recognized as a symptom of Pompe's disease (glycogen storage disease type II). We discovered quite unexpectedly 30-90 dB hearing loss in four infants with Pompe's disease, who participated in a study on the safety and efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy. Three other patients with juvenile Pompe's disease did not have this symptom. The ABR (auditory brainstem response) thresholds but not the interpeak latency times were increased. This pointed to middle or inner ear pathology rather than to involvement of the central auditory nervous system. The possible occurrence of cochlear pathology was supported by the absence of oto-acoustic emissions. We investigated this hypothesis in a knockout mouse model of Pompe's disease and found glycogen storage in the inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea, the supporting cells, the stria vascularis, and the spiral ganglion cells. We conclude that cochlear pathology is the most likely cause of hearing loss in infantile Pompe's disease and possibly a characteristic feature of this clinical subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep H J Kamphoven
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate auditory neural involvement in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). METHODS Auditory assessment was undertaken in two patients with LHON. One was a 45 year old woman with Harding disease (multiple-sclerosis-like illness and positive 11778mtDNA mutation) and mild auditory symptoms, whose auditory function was monitored over five years. The other was a 59 year old man with positive 11778mtDNA mutation, who presented with a long standing progressive bilateral hearing loss, moderate on one side and severe to profound on the other. Standard pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, stapedial reflex threshold measurements, stapedial reflex decay, otoacoustic emissions with olivo-cochlear suppression, auditory brain stem responses, and vestibular function tests were undertaken. RESULTS Both patients had good cochlear function, as judged by otoacoustic emissions (intact outer hair cells) and normal stapedial reflexes (intact inner hair cells). A brain stem lesion was excluded by negative findings on imaging, recordable stapedial reflex thresholds, and, in one of the patients, olivocochlear suppression of otoacoustic emissions. The deterioration of auditory function implied a progressive course in both cases. Vestibular function was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The findings are consistent with auditory neuropathy-a lesion of the cochlear nerve presenting with abnormal auditory brain stem responses and with normal inner hair cells and the cochlear nucleus (lower brain stem). The association of auditory neuropathy, or any other auditory dysfunction, with LHON has not been recognised previously. Further studies are necessary to establish whether this is a consistent finding.
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MESH Headings
- Audiometry, Evoked Response
- Audiometry, Pure-Tone
- Brain Stem/physiopathology
- Cochlear Nerve/physiopathology
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology
- Female
- Hearing Loss, Bilateral/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Bilateral/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Bilateral/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Hearing Tests
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/diagnosis
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/genetics
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/physiopathology
- Reaction Time/physiology
- Tinnitus/diagnosis
- Tinnitus/genetics
- Tinnitus/physiopathology
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/diagnosis
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/genetics
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ceranić
- Department of Neuro-otology, Box 127, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1 3BG, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Auditory neuropathy is a sensorineural hearing disorder characterized by absent or abnormal auditory brainstem responses and normal cochlear outer hair cell function as measured by otoacoustic emission recordings. Many risk factors are thought to be involved in its etiology and pathophysiology. Four Chinese pedigrees with familial auditory neuropathy were presented to demonstrate involvement of genetic factors in the etiology of auditory neuropathy. STUDY DESIGN Probands of the above-mentioned pedigrees, who had been diagnosed with auditory neuropathy, were evaluated and followed in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China People Liberation Army General Hospital (Beijing, China). Their family members were studied, and the pedigree maps established. METHODS History of illness, physical examination, pure-tone audiometry, acoustic reflex, auditory brainstem responses, and transient evoked and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions were obtained from members of these families. Some subjects received vestibular caloric testing, computed tomography scan of the temporal bone, and electrocardiography to exclude other possible neuropathic disorders. RESULTS In most affected patients, hearing loss of various degrees and speech discrimination difficulties started at 10 to 16 years of age. Their audiological evaluation showed absence of acoustic reflex and auditory brainstem responses. As expected in auditory neuropathy, these patients exhibited near-normal cochlear outer hair cell function as shown in distortion product otoacoustic emission recordings. Pure-tone audiometry revealed hearing loss ranging from mild to profound in these patients. Different inheritance patterns were observed in the four families. In Pedigree I, 7 male patients were identified among 43 family members, exhibiting an X-linked recessive pattern. Affected brothers were found in Pedigrees II and III, whereas in pedigree IV, two sisters were affected. All the patients were otherwise normal without evidence of peripheral neuropathy at the time of writing. CONCLUSION Patients with characteristics of nonsyndromic hereditary auditory neuropathy were identified in one large and three smaller Chinese families. Pedigree analysis suggested an X-linked, recessive hereditary pattern in one pedigree and autosomal recessive inheritances in the other three pedigrees. The phenotypes in the study were typical of auditory neuropathy; they were transmitted in different inheritance patterns, indicating clinical and genetic heterogeneity of this disorder. The observed inheritance and clinical audiological findings are different from those previously described for nonsyndromic low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. This information should facilitate future molecular linkage analyses and positional cloning for the relative genes contributing to auditory neuropathy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Audiometry, Pure-Tone
- China
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Cochlear Nerve/physiopathology
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology
- Female
- Genes, Recessive
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Humans
- Male
- Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/genetics
- Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/physiology
- Pedigree
- Reference Values
- Reflex, Acoustic/genetics
- Reflex, Acoustic/physiology
- Sex Chromosome Aberrations
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/diagnosis
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/genetics
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, China People Liberation Army Institute of Otolaryngology, China People Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
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Balakrishnan V, Becker M, Löhrke S, Nothwang HG, Güresir E, Friauf E. Expression and function of chloride transporters during development of inhibitory neurotransmission in the auditory brainstem. J Neurosci 2003; 23:4134-45. [PMID: 12764101 PMCID: PMC6741087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine and GABA, the dominant inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS, assume a depolarizing role in early development, leading to increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and action potentials. The effect is thought to be of some significance for maturation. The depolarization is caused by Cl- efflux, and chloride transporters contribute to the phenomenon by raising the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) above equilibrium, thereby generating an outward-directed electrochemical gradient for Cl-. In mature neurons, the [Cl-]i is reduced below equilibrium, thus rendering glycine activity hyperpolarizing. Here, we investigated the temporal expression of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 and the Na-K-Cl cotransporter NKCC1 in the lateral superior olive (LSO) of rats and mice. The two cation cotransporters normally extrude and accumulate Cl-, respectively. As evidenced by several methods, KCC2 mRNA was present in LSO neurons during both the depolarizing and hyperpolarizing periods. Western blots confirmed a constant level of KCC2 in the brainstem, and immunohistochemistry showed that the protein is diffusely distributed within neonatal LSO neurons, becoming integrated into the plasma membrane only with increasing age. The glycine reversal potential in KCC2 knock-out mice differed significantly from that determined in wild-type controls at postnatal day 12 (P12) but not at P3, demonstrating that KCC2 is not active in neonates, despite its early presence. NKCC1 mRNA was not detected during the depolarizing phase in the LSO, implying that this transporter does not contribute to the high [Cl-]i. Our results reveal major differences in the development of [Cl-]i regulation mechanisms seen in brainstem versus forebrain regions.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/physiology
- Animals
- Brain Stem/chemistry
- Brain Stem/growth & development
- Brain Stem/metabolism
- Brain Stem/physiology
- Cochlear Nerve/growth & development
- Cochlear Nerve/physiology
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Glycine/metabolism
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neural Inhibition/genetics
- Neural Inhibition/physiology
- Olivary Nucleus/chemistry
- Olivary Nucleus/growth & development
- Olivary Nucleus/metabolism
- Olivary Nucleus/physiology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Prosencephalon/growth & development
- Prosencephalon/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/biosynthesis
- Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/deficiency
- Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/genetics
- Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/physiology
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2
- Synaptic Transmission/genetics
- Synaptic Transmission/physiology
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/physiology
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeramuthu Balakrishnan
- Abteilung Tierphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Kim HJ, Jackson T, Noben-Trauth K. Genetic analyses of the mouse deafness mutations varitint-waddler (Va) and jerker (Espnje). J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2003; 4:83-90. [PMID: 12209292 PMCID: PMC3202448 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-002-3011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2002] [Accepted: 07/03/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies on spontaneous mouse mutants with hearing defects have provided important insights into the function of genes expressed in inner ear hair cells. Here we report on our genetic analyses of the deaf mutants varitint-waddler (Va) and jerker (Espnje). A high-resolution genetic map localizes VaJ to a 0.14 +/- 0.08 cM region between D3Mit85 and D3Mit259 on distal chromosome 3. By comparative mapping, the human ortholog resides at 1p22.3 between markers D1S3449 and D1S2252. To study the effect of different genetic backgrounds on the hearing phenotype, Espnje and VaJ were crossed to various inbred strains. Auditory-evoked brainstem response tests on F2 progeny demonstrate that expression, inheritance, and penetrance of the hearing phenotype are solely controlled by the mutant allele. To test for a genetic interaction between Espnje and Cdh23v, auditory function was analyzed in double heterozygotes; no significant increases of thresholds of sound pressure levels were observed. The results establish the framework for cloning the Va gene and provide valuable insights into the genetics of deafness mutations in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung J Kim
- Section on Neurogenetics, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Misawa H, Sherr EH, Lee DJ, Chetkovich DM, Tan A, Schreiner CE, Bredt DS. Identification of a monogenic locus (jams1) causing juvenile audiogenic seizures in mice. J Neurosci 2002; 22:10088-93. [PMID: 12451109 PMCID: PMC6758732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a debilitating disease with a strong genetic component. Positional cloning has identified a few genes for rare monogenic epilepsy syndromes; however, the genetics of common human epilepsies are too complex to be analyzed easily by current techniques. Mouse models of epilepsy can further this analysis by eliminating genetic background heterogeneity and enabling the production of sufficient numbers of offspring. Here, we report that Black Swiss mice have a heretofore unrecognized specific susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. These seizures are characterized by wild running, loss of righting reflex, and tonic flexion and extension, and are followed by a postictal period. The susceptibility to these seizures is developmentally regulated, peaking at 21 d of age and nearly disappearing by adulthood. Interestingly, both the susceptibility to seizures and their developmental regulation appear unrelated to hearing thresholds in the Black Swiss strain and backcrossed progeny. Genetic mapping and linkage analysis of hybrid mice localize the seizure gene, jams1 (juvenile audiogenic monogenic seizures), to a 1.6 +/- 0.5 centimorgan (cM) region on mouse chromosome 10, delimited by the gene basigin (Bsg) and marker D10Mit140. Interestingly, the majority of the critical region is syntenic to a region on human chromosome 19p13.3 implicated in a familial form of juvenile febrile convulsions. Cloning the gene for audiogenic seizures in these mice may provide important insight into the fundamental mechanisms for developmentally regulated human epilepsy syndromes.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Antigens, Surface
- Auditory Threshold
- Avian Proteins
- Basigin
- Blood Proteins
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epilepsy, Reflex/chemically induced
- Epilepsy, Reflex/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Recessive
- Genetic Linkage
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Hearing Tests
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
- N-Methylaspartate
- Physical Chromosome Mapping
- Picrotoxin
- Vesicular Transport Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Misawa
- Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143-0444, USA
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Hasegawa N, Watanabe M, Inoue H, Kobayashi T, Kojima H, Manome Y. Mutant ICR mouse, kuru2, manifests hearing impairment and abnormal behavior. In Vivo 2002; 16:349-60. [PMID: 12494877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishment of mutant animals presents valuable information on corresponding human diseases. We established a mutant mouse, kuru2, from the previously reported Ascites ICR Mouse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epileptic individuals of Ascites ICR Mouse were mated and maintained with sibling mating. This mouse was characterized by hearing impairment and abnormal behavior such as ataxic gait, disturbance of positional sense, hyperirritability, head-tossing and circling movement. RESULTS No detectable auditory brain stem response was evoked from an early stage of life. Abnormal behavior started from 4 to 12 weeks of age. Microscopic examination revealed no major abnormalities in the central nervous system. In the inner ear, the vestibule and cochlea were well developed, however degeneration of the spiral ganglions was observed at a late age. The genetic mode was autosomal recessive. DISCUSSION Since this mouse has a distinctive phenotype, the animal may provide an understanding of hereditary hearing impairment and abnormal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Hasegawa
- Department of Hygiene, Toita Women's College, 139 Inume-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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Li S, Price SM, Cahill H, Ryugo DK, Shen MM, Xiang M. Hearing loss caused by progressive degeneration of cochlear hair cells in mice deficient for the Barhl1 homeobox gene. Development 2002; 129:3523-32. [PMID: 12091321 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129.14.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cochlea of the mammalian inner ear contains three rows of outer hair cells and a single row of inner hair cells. These hair cell receptors reside in the organ of Corti and function to transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical signals that mediate hearing. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of these delicate sensory hair cells are unknown. We report that targeted disruption of Barhl1, a mouse homolog of the Drosophila BarH homeobox genes, results in severe to profound hearing loss, providing a unique model for the study of age-related human deafness disorders. Barhl1 is expressed in all sensory hair cells during inner ear development, 2 days after the onset of hair cell generation. Loss of Barhl1 function in mice results in age-related progressive degeneration of both outer and inner hair cells in the organ of Corti, following two reciprocal longitudinal gradients. Our data together indicate an essential role for Barhl1 in the long-term maintenance of cochlear hair cells, but not in the determination or differentiation of these cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Deafness/genetics
- Deafness/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Homeobox
- Hair Cells, Auditory/growth & development
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/growth & development
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/pathology
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/physiology
- Lac Operon
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Repressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguo Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Rusch A, Ng L, Goodyear R, Oliver D, Lisoukov I, Vennstrom B, Richardson G, Kelley MW, Forrest D. Retardation of cochlear maturation and impaired hair cell function caused by deletion of all known thyroid hormone receptors. J Neurosci 2001; 21:9792-800. [PMID: 11739587 PMCID: PMC6763054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The deafness caused by early onset hypothyroidism indicates that thyroid hormone is essential for the development of hearing. We investigated the underlying roles of the TRalpha1 and TRbeta thyroid hormone receptors in the auditory system using receptor-deficient mice. TRalpha1 and TRbeta, which act as hormone-activated transcription factors, are encoded by the Thra and Thrb genes, respectively, and both are expressed in the developing cochlea. TRbeta is required for hearing because TRbeta-deficient (Thrb(tm1/tm1)) mice have a defective auditory-evoked brainstem response and retarded expression of a potassium current (I(K,f)) in the cochlear inner hair cells. Here, we show that although TRalpha1 is individually dispensable, TRalpha1 and TRbeta synergistically control an extended array of functions in postnatal cochlear development. Compared with Thrb(tm1/tm1) mice, the deletion of all TRs in Thra(tm1/tm1)Thrb(tm1/tm1) mice produces exacerbated and novel phenotypes, including delayed differentiation of the sensory epithelium, malformation of the tectorial membrane, impairment of electromechanical transduction in outer hair cells, and a low endocochlear potential. The induction of I(K,f) in inner hair cells was not markedly more retarded than in Thrb(tm1/tm1) mice, suggesting that this feature of hair cell maturation is primarily TRbeta-dependent. These results indicate that distinct pathways mediated by TRbeta alone or by TRbeta and TRalpha1 together facilitate control over an extended range of functions during the maturation of the cochlea.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Count
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cochlea/abnormalities
- Cochlea/growth & development
- Cochlea/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Electric Capacitance
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/physiopathology
- Membrane Potentials/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microscopy, Electron
- Morphogenesis/genetics
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Phenotype
- Protein Isoforms/deficiency
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/deficiency
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/deficiency
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics
- Tectorial Membrane/abnormalities
- Tectorial Membrane/pathology
- Tectorial Membrane/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rusch
- Physiologisches Institut and Sektion Sensorische Biophysik, Hals-Nasen-Ohren Klinik, Röntgenweg 11, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Wang Y, Huso D, Cahill H, Ryugo D, Nathans J. Progressive cerebellar, auditory, and esophageal dysfunction caused by targeted disruption of the frizzled-4 gene. J Neurosci 2001; 21:4761-71. [PMID: 11425903 PMCID: PMC6762346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling has been implicated in the control of cell proliferation and in synapse formation during neural development, and these actions are presumed to be mediated by frizzled receptors. In this paper we report the phenotype of mice carrying a targeted deletion of the frizzled-4 (fz4) gene. fz4(-/-) mice exhibit three distinct defects: (1) progressive cerebellar degeneration associated with severe ataxia, (2) absence of a skeletal muscle sheath around the lower esophagus associated with progressive esophageal distension and dysfunction, and (3) progressive deafness caused by a defect in the peripheral auditory system unaccompanied by loss of hair cells or other auditory neurons. As assayed using a lacZ knock-in reporter, fz4 is widely expressed within the CNS. In particular, fz4 is expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells, esophageal skeletal muscle, and cochlear inner hair cells, and the absence of Fz4 in these cells is presumed to account for the fz4(-/-) phenotype. In contrast to the early cell proliferation and patterning effects classically ascribed to Wnts, the auditory and cerebellar phenotypes of fz4(-/-) mice implicate Frizzled signaling in maintaining the viability and integrity of the nervous system in later life.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Cerebellar Diseases/complications
- Cerebellar Diseases/genetics
- Cerebellar Diseases/physiopathology
- Cerebellum/pathology
- Esophageal Diseases/complications
- Esophageal Diseases/genetics
- Esophageal Diseases/physiopathology
- Esophagus/abnormalities
- Esophagus/pathology
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Frizzled Receptors
- Gene Targeting
- Genes, Reporter
- Growth Disorders/complications
- Growth Disorders/genetics
- Hair Color/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/complications
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Heterozygote
- Homozygote
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Lameness, Animal/etiology
- Lameness, Animal/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Organ Specificity
- Phenotype
- Posture
- Proteins/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Division of Comparative Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Morishita H, Makishima T, Kaneko C, Lee YS, Segil N, Takahashi K, Kuraoka A, Nakagawa T, Nabekura J, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI. Deafness Due to Degeneration of Cochlear Neurons in Caspase-3-Deficient Mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:142-9. [PMID: 11374883 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mice that lack caspase-3, which functions in apoptosis, were generated by gene targeting and shown to undergo hearing loss. The ABR threshold of the caspase-3(-/-) mice was significantly elevated compared to that of caspase-3(+/+) mice at 15 days of age and was progressively elevated further by 30 days. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were not detectable in caspase-3(-/-) mice at 15 days of age. Caspase-3(-/-) mice exhibited marked degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons and a loss of inner and outer hair cells in the cochlea at 30 days of age, although no such changes were apparent at 15 days. The degenerating neurons manifested features, including cytoplasmic vacuolization, distinct from those characteristic of apoptosis. Spiral ganglion neurons and cochlear hair cells thus appear to require caspase-3 for survival but not for initial development. The mapping of both the human caspase-3 gene and the locus responsible for an autosomal dominant, nonsyndromic form of hearing loss (DFNA24) to chromosome 4q35 suggests that the caspase-3(-/-) mice may represent a model of this human condition.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- Auditory Threshold
- Caspase 3
- Caspases/biosynthesis
- Caspases/deficiency
- Caspases/genetics
- Cell Count
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cochlea/innervation
- Cochlea/metabolism
- Cochlea/pathology
- Deafness/congenital
- Deafness/genetics
- Deafness/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/genetics
- Spiral Ganglion/metabolism
- Spiral Ganglion/pathology
- Vacuoles/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- H Morishita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Abstract
Exogenous enzyme replacement therapy achieves satisfactory biomedical correction in Gaucher type 1 disease and may halt or reverse neurological progression in type 3, while it does not appear to influence the outcome in type 2. In view of the therapeutic possibilities, early detection and monitoring of type 3 Gaucher disease, as well as evaluation of the effectiveness of enzyme therapy on neuronopathic involvement is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent of brainstem disease in children with proven Gaucher type 3, by means of an audiological test battery. We studied 9 patients with Gaucher type 3 disease. The tests included baseline audiometric tests, as well as auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR), acoustic reflexes and medial olivo-cochlear suppression by contralateral noise tests, that involve overlapping but not identical efferent and afferent pathways and brainstem structures. We found a constellation of abnormalities including bilaterally raised acoustic reflexes, poor medial olivo-cochlear suppression, and very poor brainstem evoked potentials. These abnormalities could be due to a single lesion in the dorsomedial brainstem, or to multiple lesions, and further study is needed to clarify this issue. Combined audiological tests may provide information on the severity of the neurological involvement and should therefore be part of a standard assessment for the diagnosis as well as for long term neurological monitoring of Gaucher type 3 patients.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Impedance Tests
- Adolescent
- Audiometry
- Audiometry, Pure-Tone
- Brain Stem/physiopathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dominance, Cerebral/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Female
- Gaucher Disease/diagnosis
- Gaucher Disease/genetics
- Gaucher Disease/physiopathology
- Genotype
- Hearing Loss, Central/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Central/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Central/physiopathology
- Humans
- Male
- Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/genetics
- Reflex, Acoustic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Bamiou
- Department of Audiological Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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Abstract
The modifier of deaf waddler (mdfw) and age-related hearing loss (Ahl) loci were both discovered as inbred strain polymorphisms that affect hearing loss in mice. Both loci map to the same position on chromosome (Chr) 10. The mdfw locus interacts epistatically with the deaf waddler (dfw) mutation on Chr 6, and the Ahl locus is a major contributor to AHL in several inbred strains. To investigate the possibility of allelism, we examined the correspondence of mdfw and Ahl phenotypes among 12 inbred mouse strains. The effects of strain-specific mdfw alleles on hearing loss were assessed in dfw2J/+ F1 hybrids produced from mating BALB-dfw2J/+ mice with mice from each of 12 inbred strains. F1 hybrids were then assessed for hearing by auditory-evoked brainstem response threshold analysis and classified as dfw2J/+ or +/+ by polymerase chain reaction typing. Heterozygosity for dfw2J accelerated hearing loss in F1 hybrids derived from all strains tested, except those produced with the B6.CAST + Ahl congenic strain. dfw2J/+ F1 hybrids derived from parental strains 129P1/ReJ, A/J, BUB/BnJ, C57BR/cdJ, DBA/2J, NOD/LtJ and SKH2/J exhibited a severe hearing loss by 12 weeks of age. Those derived from strains 129T2/SvEmsJ, C3H/HeJ, CBA/CaJ and NON/LtJ exhibited only a slight to intermediate hearing loss at that age. The hearing loss associated with these strain-specific mdfw alleles corresponds with previously determined Ahl allele effects, providing additional evidence that mdfw and Ahl are manifestations of the same gene. A functional relationship therefore may exist between the Ca2+ transporting activity of the dfw gene (Atp2b2) and AHL.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Auditory Threshold
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/genetics
- Female
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology
- Heterozygote
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Hybridization, Genetic
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- Presbycusis/etiology
- Presbycusis/genetics
- Presbycusis/physiopathology
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Hakuba N, Koga K, Gyo K, Usami SI, Tanaka K. Exacerbation of noise-induced hearing loss in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLAST. J Neurosci 2000; 20:8750-3. [PMID: 11102482 PMCID: PMC6773045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic overstimulation is one of the major causes of hearing loss. Glutamate is the most likely candidate neurotransmitter for afferent synapses in the peripheral auditory system, so it was proposed that glutamate excitotoxicity may be involved in noise trauma. However, there has been no direct evidence that noise trauma is caused by excessive release of glutamate from the inner hair cells (IHCs) during sound exposure because studies have been hampered by powerful glutamate uptake systems in the cochlea. GLAST is a glutamate transporter highly expressed in the cochlea. Here we show that after acoustic overstimulation, GLAST-deficient mice show increased accumulation of glutamate in perilymphs, resulting in exacerbation of hearing loss. These results suggest that GLAST plays an important role in keeping the concentration of glutamate in the perilymph at a nontoxic level during acoustic overstimulation. These findings also provide further support for the hypothesis that IHCs use glutamate as a neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hakuba
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Maziade M, Mérette C, Cayer M, Roy MA, Szatmari P, Côté R, Thivierge J. Prolongation of brainstem auditory-evoked responses in autistic probands and their unaffected relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57:1077-83. [PMID: 11074874 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain function, as indexed by brain electrical activity, is heritable in humans, and it may be impaired in autism. Autism also has strong genetic determinants, and like all major psychiatric disorders, its complex clinical phenotype renders genetic studies difficult. Innovative strategies focused on alternative biological phenotypes are needed. METHODS The early brain auditory-evoked response was assessed in 73 autistic probands and 251 relatives who were compared with 521 normal controls. RESULTS We first confirmed in the autistic probands the presence of a slowing in nerve conduction in the auditory system as expressed by the prolongation of early brain auditory-evoked response under the form of I-III interpeak latencies (IPLs). Furthermore, we observed the same I-III IPL prolongation in the unaffected first degree relatives of the autistic probands compared with controls. Despite clear evidence of a coaggregation of autism and I-III IPL prolongation in families, the IPLs did not seem to be the sole liability factor for autism as suggested by the observation of 52% of families in which the autistic proband and relatives showed normal IPLs. CONCLUSION A prolongation of the early brain auditory-evoked response IPLs may be a marker for one of several deficits underlying autism and deserves further analysis as a potential alternative phenotype for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maziade
- or Michel Maziade, MD, FRCP(C), Centre de recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Beauport, Québec G1J 2G3 Canada.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use pedigree analysis to evaluate the feasibility of a major locus model for deafness in Dalmatians. ANIMALS 605 purebred Dalmatians from 42 families. PROCEDURE Hearing loss was evaluated through the brainstem auditory-evoked response. Dogs were classified into mutually exclusive categories: normal hearing, unilaterally deaf, or bilaterally deaf. Information was collected on sex, coat color, presence or absence of a color patch at birth, and eye color. Statistical analyses were performed by use of regressive logistic models designed for complex segregation analysis. Genetic correlations among eye color, deafness, and color patch were estimated. RESULTS Prevalence of hearing loss was 11% for dogs classified as unilaterally deaf and 5% for dogs that were bilaterally deaf. Complex segregation analysis detected statistical evidence of a single allele with an expected frequency of 0.21 that had an effect on the prevalence of deafness. Results of analyses suggested that this locus cannot completely explain the inheritance and incidence of deafness in Dalmatians. Genetic correlation estimates among deafness, eye color, and color patch revealed strong interrelationships among these characteristics. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE To reduce the incidence of hearing loss in Dalmatians, unilaterally deaf, blue-eyed dogs should not be considered as potential parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Famula
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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