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Khosravi M, Samakkhah SA, Khoshbakht R, Mamouri KS. Avian Polyomavirus Among Psittacine Birds in Iran: Molecular Detection Rate and Associated Risk Factors. J Avian Med Surg 2024; 38:7-14. [PMID: 38686883 DOI: 10.1029/avianms-d-23-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Avian polyomavirus (APV) infection causes various health problems in psittacine species, including death. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of APV among psittacine birds in Iran. We also aimed to evaluate the impact of age, sex, species, season, and origin of the birds on the prevalence of APV. This study investigated the presence of APV among 1050 individual birds from 7 psittacine species over a 1-year period in Iran, namely, green-cheeked parakeets (Pyrrhura molinae), rosy-faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis), monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus), sun conures (Aratinga solstitialis), Senegal parrots (Poicephalus senegalus), cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), and grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). The overall prevalence of APV in all studied species was 25% (263/1050, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.5-27.8). Results of the study showed that age and the season of the year were 2 important determinant factors in the prevalence of APV in psittacine birds. Young psittacine birds <6 months old were 2.94 (95% CI: 1.19-7.27) times more likely to be infected with APV than birds >1 year old, and there was a significant interaction between season and species in the multivariate analysis. In the winter season, rosy-faced lovebirds and green-cheeked parakeets were 15.6 (95% CI: 4.20-57.95) and 4.76 (95% CI: 1.4-16.21) times more likely to be infected with APV than in other seasons, respectively. This is the first report on the detection rate of APV in psittacine birds in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Khosravi
- Departments of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Aftab 24, Amol, Iran, ,
| | - Shohreh Alian Samakkhah
- Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Aftab 24, Amol, Iran
| | - Rahem Khoshbakht
- Departments of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Aftab 24, Amol, Iran
| | - Kimia Sarraf Mamouri
- Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Aftab 24, Amol, Iran
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Pearson VR, Bosse JB, Koyuncu OO, Scherer J, Toruno C, Robinson R, Abegglen LM, Schiffman JD, Enquist LW, Rall GF. Identification of African Elephant Polyomavirus in wild elephants and the creation of a vector expressing its viral tumor antigens to transform elephant primary cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244334. [PMID: 33544724 PMCID: PMC7864673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild elephant populations are declining rapidly due to rampant killing for ivory and body parts, range fragmentation, and human-elephant conflict. Wild and captive elephants are further impacted by viruses, including highly pathogenic elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses. Moreover, while the rich genetic diversity of the ancient elephant lineage is disappearing, elephants, with their low incidence of cancer, have emerged as a surprising resource in human cancer research for understanding the intrinsic cellular response to DNA damage. However, studies on cellular resistance to transformation and herpesvirus reproduction have been severely limited, in part due to the lack of established elephant cell lines to enable in vitro experiments. This report describes creation of a recombinant plasmid, pAelPyV-1-Tag, derived from a wild isolate of African Elephant Polyomavirus (AelPyV-1), that can be used to create immortalized lines of elephant cells. This isolate was extracted from a trunk nodule biopsy isolated from a wild African elephant, Loxodonta africana, in Botswana. The AelPyV-1 genome contains open-reading frames encoding the canonical large (LTag) and small (STag) tumor antigens. We cloned the entire early region spanning the LTag and overlapping STag genes from this isolate into a high-copy vector to construct a recombinant plasmid, pAelPyV-1-Tag, which effectively transformed primary elephant endothelial cells. We expect that the potential of this reagent to transform elephant primary cells will, at a minimum, facilitate study of elephant-specific herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia R. Pearson
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Program in Blood Cell Development and Function, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jens B. Bosse
- RESIST Cluster of Excellence, Institute of Virology at Hannover Medical School, Center for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Orkide O. Koyuncu
- Princeton University, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Julian Scherer
- Princeton University, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Cristhian Toruno
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rosann Robinson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Abegglen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Schiffman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lynn W. Enquist
- Princeton University, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Glenn F. Rall
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Program in Blood Cell Development and Function, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Zhao Y, Amorrortu RP, Fenske NA, Cherpelis B, Messina JL, Sondak VK, Giuliano AR, Schell MJ, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, McKay‐Chopin S, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Rollison DE. Cutaneous viral infections associated with ultraviolet radiation exposure. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:448-458. [PMID: 32818302 PMCID: PMC7754468 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The complex interplay between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and cutaneous viral infections in the context of cancer etiology is challenging to unravel, given the limited information on the independent association between UVR and cutaneous viral infections. Using multiple biomarkers of infection with 24 types of cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) and 4 types of polyomaviruses (HPyV), we investigated cross-sectional associations with recent UVR exposure, using skin pigmentation measured by spectrophotometer. Age- and sex-adjusted associations between UVR and viral seropositivity, viral DNA present in eyebrow hairs (EBH) and skin swabs (SSW) were estimated using logistic regression. Beta-HPV seropositivity was associated with viral DNA positivity in EBH (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.05-1.88) and SSW (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.25-2.74). Similar associations were observed for Merkel cell polyomavirus. Participants in the highest tertile of UVR exposure were more likely to be seropositive for beta-HPV (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.16-2.38), and have beta-HPV DNA in EBH (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.06-2.33) and SSW (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.25-3.96), compared to participants with the lowest tertile of UVR exposure. UVR exposure was positively associated with three different markers of beta-HPV infection. Therefore, future studies of HPV associated KC development should address more directly the role of HPV and UVR exposure as potential co-carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Zhao
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA
| | | | - Neil A. Fenske
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Basil Cherpelis
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Jane L. Messina
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Anatomic PathologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Cutaneous OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Vernon K. Sondak
- Department of Cutaneous OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in CancerMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Michael J. Schell
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared ResourceMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sandrine McKay‐Chopin
- Infections and Cancer Biology GroupInternational Agency for Research on Cancer‐World Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology GroupInternational Agency for Research on Cancer‐World Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology GroupInternational Agency for Research on Cancer‐World Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Dana E. Rollison
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA
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Xiao Y, Wang H, Feng L, Pan J, Chen Z, Wang H, Yang S, Shen Q, Wang X, Shan T, Zhang W. Fecal, oral, blood and skin virome of laboratory rabbits. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2847-2856. [PMID: 33034764 PMCID: PMC7546134 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the fecal, oral, blood, and skin virome of 10 laboratory rabbits using a viral metagenomic method. In the oral samples, we detected a novel polyomavirus (RabPyV), and phylogenetic analysis based on the large T antigen, VP1 and VP2 regions indicated that the novel strain might have undergone a recombination event. Recombination analysis based on related genomes confirmed that RabPyV is a multiple recombinant between rodent-like and avian-like polyomaviruses. In fecal samples, three partial or complete genome sequences of viruses belonging to the families Picobirnaviridae, Parvoviridae, Microviridae and Coronaviridae were characterized, and phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the predicted amino acid sequences of viral proteins. This study increases the amount of genetic information on viruses present in laboratory rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiamin Pan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Department of Swine Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Altan E, Delaney MA, Colegrove KM, Spraker TR, Wheeler EA, Deng X, Li Y, Gulland FMD, Delwart E. Complex Virome in a Mesenteric Lymph Node from a Californian Sea Lion ( Zalophus Californianus) with Polyserositis and Steatitis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080793. [PMID: 32718049 PMCID: PMC7472147 DOI: 10.3390/v12080793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An emaciated subadult free-ranging California sea lion (Csl or Zalophus californianus) died following stranding with lesions similar to 11 other stranded animals characterized by chronic disseminated granulomatous inflammation with necrotizing steatitis and vasculitis, involving visceral adipose tissues in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities. Histologically, affected tissues had extensive accumulations of macrophages with perivascular lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fewer neutrophils. Using viral metagenomics on a mesenteric lymph node six mammalian viruses were identified consisting of novel parvovirus, polyomavirus, rotavirus, anellovirus, and previously described Csl adenovirus 1 and Csl bocavirus 4. The causal or contributory role of these viruses to the gross and histologic lesions of this sea lion remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Altan
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (E.A.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Martha A. Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA; (M.A.D.); (K.M.C.)
| | - Kathleen M. Colegrove
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA; (M.A.D.); (K.M.C.)
| | - Terry R. Spraker
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - Elizabeth A. Wheeler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Bustad 471, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (E.A.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (E.A.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Frances M. D. Gulland
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Heath Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (E.A.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- Correspondence:
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Vidovszky MZ, Tan Z, Carr MJ, Boldogh S, Harrach B, Gonzalez G. Bat-borne polyomaviruses in Europe reveal an evolutionary history of intrahost divergence with horseshoe bats distributed across the African and Eurasian continents. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1119-1130. [PMID: 32644038 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are small, circular dsDNA viruses carried by diverse vertebrates, including bats. Although previous studies have reported several horseshoe bat PyVs collected in Zambia and China, it is still unclear how PyVs evolved in this group of widely dispersed mammals. Horseshoe bats (genus Rhinolophus) are distributed across the Old World and are natural reservoirs of numerous pathogenic viruses. Herein, non-invasive bat samples from European horseshoe bat species were collected in Hungary for PyV identification and novel PyVs with complete genomes were successfully recovered from two different European horseshoe bat species. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of the Hungarian horseshoe bat PyVs supported their classification into the genera Alphapolyomavirus and Betapolyomavirus. Notably, despite the significant geographical distances between the corresponding sampling locations, Hungarian PyVs exhibited high genetic relatedness with previously described Zambian and Chinese horseshoe bat PyVs, and phylogenetically clustered with these viruses in each PyV genus. Correlation and virus-host relationship analysis suggested that these PyVs co-diverged with their European, African and Asian horseshoe bat hosts distributed on different continents during their evolutionary history. Additionally, assessment of selective pressures over the major capsid protein (VP1) of horseshoe bat PyVs showed sites under positive selection located in motifs exposed to the exterior of the capsid. In summary, our findings revealed a pattern of stable intrahost divergence of horseshoe bat PyVs with their mammalian hosts on the African and Eurasian continents over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Z Vidovszky
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zhizhou Tan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Michael J Carr
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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Ondov BD, Starrett GJ, Sappington A, Kostic A, Koren S, Buck CB, Phillippy AM. Mash Screen: high-throughput sequence containment estimation for genome discovery. Genome Biol 2019; 20:232. [PMID: 31690338 PMCID: PMC6833257 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The MinHash algorithm has proven effective for rapidly estimating the resemblance of two genomes or metagenomes. However, this method cannot reliably estimate the containment of a genome within a metagenome. Here, we describe an online algorithm capable of measuring the containment of genomes and proteomes within either assembled or unassembled sequencing read sets. We describe several use cases, including contamination screening and retrospective analysis of metagenomes for novel genome discovery. Using this tool, we provide containment estimates for every NCBI RefSeq genome within every SRA metagenome and demonstrate the identification of a novel polyomavirus species from a public metagenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Ondov
- Genome Informatics section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD USA
| | - Gabriel J. Starrett
- Tumor Virus Molecular Biology section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Anna Sappington
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Aleksandra Kostic
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Sergey Koren
- Genome Informatics section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christopher B. Buck
- Tumor Virus Molecular Biology section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Adam M. Phillippy
- Genome Informatics section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
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Matteoni S, Abbruzzese C, Villani V, Malorni W, Pace A, Matarrese P, Paggi MG. The influence of patient sex on clinical approaches to malignant glioma. Cancer Lett 2019; 468:41-47. [PMID: 31605777 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are tumors that originate from the glial tissue, thus involving the central nervous system with varying degrees of malignancy. The most aggressive and frequent form is glioblastoma multiforme, a disease characterized by resistance to therapies, frequent recurrences, and extremely poor median survival time. Data on overall glioma case studies demonstrate clear sex disparities regarding incidence, prognosis, drug toxicity, clinical outcome, and, recently, prediction of therapeutic response. In this study, we analyze data in the literature regarding malignant glioma, mainly glioblastoma multiforme, focusing on epidemiological and clinical evaluations. Less discussed issues, such as the role of viral infections, energy metabolism, and predictive aspects concerning the possible use of dedicated therapeutic approaches for male or female patients, will be reported together with different estimated pathogenetic mechanisms underlying astrocyte transformation and glioma chemosensitivity. In this era, where personalized/precision medicine is the most important driver for targeted cancer therapies, the lines of evidence discussed herein strongly suggest that clinical approaches to malignant glioma should consider the patient's sex. Furthermore, retrospectively revising previous clinical studies considering patient sex as a crucial variable is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Matteoni
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Villani
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy; University of Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco G Paggi
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Bagasi AA, Khandaker T, Clark G, Akagha T, Ball JK, Irving WL, McClure CP. Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus in Respiratory Tract of Immunocompromised Child. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1744-1746. [PMID: 30124403 PMCID: PMC6106430 DOI: 10.3201/eid2409.180829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus causes trichodysplasia spinulosa, a skin infection, in immunocompromised persons, but the virus is rarely detected in respiratory samples. Using PCR, we detected persistent virus in respiratory and skin samples from an immunocompromised boy with respiratory signs but no characteristic skin spicules. This virus may play a role in respiratory illness.
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10
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Kourieh A, Combes JD, Tommasino M, Dalstein V, Clifford GM, Lacau St Guily J, Clavel C, Franceschi S, Gheit T, For The Split Study Group. Prevalence and risk factors of human polyomavirus infections in non-malignant tonsils and gargles: the SPLIT study. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1686-1698. [PMID: 30407150 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of 13 polyomaviruses (PyVs) in the tonsil brushings and gargles of immunocompetent children and adults was assessed. Patients undergoing tonsillectomy for benign indications were recruited in 19 centres in France. After resection, the entire outer surface of the right and left halves of the tonsils was brushed extensively. Gargles were also collected prior to surgery in selected adults. A species-specific multiplex assay was used to detect the DNA of 13 PyVs. In tonsil brushings (n=689), human PyV 6 (HPyV6) and Merkel cell PyV (MCPyV) were the most prevalent (≈15 %), followed by trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated PyV (TSPyV), BKPyV, Washington University PyV (WUPyV) and human PyV 9 (HPyV9) (1 to 5 %), and human PyV 7 (HPyV7), John Cunningham PyV (JCPyV) and Simian virus 40 (SV40) (<1 %), while no Karolinska Institute PyV (KIPyV), Malawi PyV (MWPyV), human PyV 12 (HPyV12) or Lyon IARC PyV (LIPyV) were detected. The prevalence of TSPyV and BKPyV was significantly higher in children versus adults, whereas for HPyV6 the opposite was found. HPyV6 and WUPyV were significantly more prevalent in men versus women. In gargles (n=139), MCPyV was the most prevalent (≈40 %), followed by HPyV6, HPyV9 and LIPyV (2 to 4 %), and then BKPyV (≈1 %), while other PyVs were not detected. MCPyV and LIPyV were significantly more prevalent in gargles compared to tonsil brushings, in contrast to HPyV6. We described differing patterns of individual PyV infections in tonsils and gargles in a large age-stratified population. Comparison of the spectrum of PyVs in paired tonsil samples and gargles adds to the current knowledge on PyV epidemiology, contributing towards a better understanding of PyV acquisition and transmission and its potential role in head and neck diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboud Kourieh
- 1International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Jean-Damien Combes
- 1International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- 1International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Véronique Dalstein
- 2CHU Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire Biopathologie, 51092 Reims, France
- 3INSERM, UMR-S 1250, 51092 Reims, France
- 4Faculté de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France
| | - Gary M Clifford
- 1International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Jean Lacau St Guily
- 5Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- 6Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christine Clavel
- 2CHU Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire Biopathologie, 51092 Reims, France
- 3INSERM, UMR-S 1250, 51092 Reims, France
- 4Faculté de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- 7Aviano Cancer Centre, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Tarik Gheit
- 1International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Wan C, Cheng L, Fu G, Chen C, Liu R, Shi S, Chen H, Fu Q, Huang Y. Rapid detection of goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus using TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 39:61-64. [PMID: 29665412 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to low doses of infection, an efficient and sensitive virus detection method is necessary to detect low amounts of goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV). In this study, we have developed a TaqMan real-time PCR (qPCR) specific assay for the detection of GHPV. Specificity assay showed no cross-reactions with other common waterfowl viruses. The standard curve had a linear correlation of 0.997 and efficiency of 99% between the cycle threshold value and the logarithm of the plasmids copy number. The possible lowest detectable concentration was 35.4 copies/μl; 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR (detection limit, 3.54 × 103 copies/μl). Domestic Jinyun Sheldrakes ducks and their embryonated eggs were found positive of GHPV infection which provides evidence of possible vertical transmission of GHPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Wan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiteng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China.
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Ruggiero F, Carbone D, Mugavero R, Palmieri A, Lauritano D, Baggi L, Nardone M, Martinelli M, Carinci F. Human polyomavirus in tonsillar microbiota of an Afghan population group. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:185-190. [PMID: 29460539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have evidenced the role of human polyomaviruses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BK, JC and SV40 human polyoma viruses are widely recognized as etiological agents associated with malignancies. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of BK, IC and SV40 in tonsillar microbiota in a group of Afghan volunteers. A sample of the tonsillar microbiota was taken from a single site using a sterile oral swab paper stick. A fixed volume of purified DNA from each sample was tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions to evaluate the number of human cells and the number of viral genomes in each sample. The cell number was evaluated via the quantification of a single copy genomic sequence, which is located in the HMBS locus. The median analyzed cell number in each reaction was 4343 (interquartile range 2074-8470). SV40 was never detected, while prevalence rate was 0.11 (C.I. 0.06-0.20) for BK and 0.10 (C.I. 0.05-0.19) for JC. Further studies are necessary to clarify whether polyomaviruses can be considered a risk factor of oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ruggiero
- Military Policlinic of Rome, Medical Department, Cardiological Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - D Carbone
- Military Policlinic of Rome, Department of Urgency and Surgery, Operative Unit of Odontostomatology, Rome, Italy
| | - R Mugavero
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- OSDIFE, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- CUFS, University of San Marino
| | - A Palmieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - L Baggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Nardone
- Ministry of Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - M Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Carinci
- CUFS, University of San Marino
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Ruggiero F, Carbone D, Mugavero R, Cura F, Baggi L, Arcuri C, Nardone M, Gaudio RM, Gatto R, Scapoli L, Carinci F. Human papilloma virus in the tonsillar microbiota of an Afghan population group. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:191-196. [PMID: 29460540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of the oral cavity is known to have a diverse aetiology that includes infectious agents. Human papilloma virus has been found to be associated with several types of human cancer, inclusive of cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and cancer of tonsil. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate the presence of human papilloma virus in tonsillar microbiota of an Afghan population group. A sample of the tonsillar microbiota was collected by oral swab paper stick from 80 healthy donors. The sample was investigated for the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31 and 45 by real time PCR. Eight samples produced some positive endpoint signals for human papillomaviruses. The human papillomavirus 31 was the unique papillomavirus detected; its calculated prevalence rate was 0.10 (C.I. 0.05-0.19). However, the viral load was always very low, in the order of 10-3 viral genomes per cell. The high prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus in healthy population suggest a need for further investigation on virus spreading and supports the development of vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ruggiero
- Military Policlinic of Rome, Medical Department, Cardiological Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - D Carbone
- Military Policlinic of Rome, Department of Urgency and Surgery, Operative Unit of Odontostomatology, Rome, Italy
| | - R Mugavero
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- OSDIFE, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- CUFS, University of San Marino
| | - F Cura
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Baggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C Arcuri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Nardone
- Ministry of Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - R M Gaudio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Gatto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - L Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Carinci
- CUFS, University of San Marino
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Lin SX, Wang W, Guo W, Yang HJ, Ma BC, Fang YL, Xu YS. [A molecular epidemiological study of KI polyomavirus and WU polyomavirus in children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin, China]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19. [PMID: 28697828 PMCID: PMC7389920 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of KI polyomavirus (KIPyV) and WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) with acute respiratory infection in children in Tianjin, China. METHODS A total of 3 730 nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin Children's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013. Viral nucleic acid was extracted, and virus infection (KIPyV and WUPyV) was determined by PCR. Some KIPyV-positive and WUPyV-positive PCR products were subjected to sequencing. Sequencing results were aligned with the known gene sequences of KIPyV and WUPyV to construct a phylogenetic tree. Amplified VP1 fragments of KIPyV were inserted into the cloning vector (PUCm-T) transformed into E. coli competent cells. Positive clones were identified by PCR and sequencing. The nucleotide sequences were submitted to GenBank. In addition, another seven common respiratory viruses in all samples were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS In the 3 730 specimens, the KIPyV-positive rate was 12.14% (453/3 730) and the WUPyV-positive rate was 1.69% (63/3 730). The mean infection rate of KIPyV was significantly higher in June and July, while the mean infection rate of WUPyV peaked in February and March. Most of the KIPyV-positive or WUPyV-positive children were <3 years. The co-infections with KIPyV, WUPyV, and other respiratory viruses were observed in the children. The co-infection rate was 2.31% (86/3 730) and there were nine cases of co-infections with WUPyV and KIPyV. Thirty-five KIPyV-positive and twelve WUPyV-positive PCR products were sequenced and the alignment analysis showed that they had high homology with the known sequences (94%-100% vs 95%-100%). The VP1 gene sequences obtained from two KIPyV strains in this study were recorded in GenBank with the accession numbers of KY465925 and KY465926. CONCLUSIONS For some children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin, China, the acute respiratory infection may be associated with KIPyV and WUPyV infections. KIPyV infection is common in summer, and WUPyV infection in spring. The epidemic strains in Tianjin have a high homology with those in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xiang Lin
- Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300134, China.
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Sadeghi M, Wang Y, Ramqvist T, Aaltonen LM, Pyöriä L, Toppinen M, Söderlund-Venermo M, Hedman K. Multiplex detection in tonsillar tissue of all known human polyomaviruses. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:409. [PMID: 28595595 PMCID: PMC5465560 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few years, eleven new human viruses have joined the two previously known members JCPyV and BKPyV of the Polyomaviridae family, by virtue of molecular methods. Serology data suggest that infections with human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) occur since childhood and the viruses are widespread in the general population. However, the viral persistence sites and transmission routes are by and large unknown. Our previous studies demonstrated that the four new HPyVs - KIPyV, WUPyV, MCPyV and TSPyV - were present in the tonsils, and suggested lymphoid tissue as a persistent site of these emerging human viruses. We developed a Luminex-based multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of all 13 HPyVs known, and explored their occurrence in tonsillar tissues of children and adults mostly with tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy. METHODS We set up and validated a new Luminex-based multiplex assay by using primer pairs and probes targeting the respective HPyV viral protein 1 (VP1) genes. With this assay we tested 78 tonsillar tissues for DNAs of 13 HPyVs. RESULTS The multiplex assay allowed for simultaneous detection of 13 HPyVs with high analytical sensitivity and specificity, with detection limits of 100-102 copies per microliter, and identified correctly all 13 target sequences with no cross reactions. HPyV DNA altogether was found in 14 (17.9%) of 78 tonsils. The most prevalent HPyVs were HPyV6 (7.7%), TSPyV (3.8%) and WUPyV (3.8%). Mixed infection of two HPyVs occurred in one sample. CONCLUSIONS The Luminex-based HPyV multiplex assay appears highly suitable for clinical diagnostic purposes and large-scale epidemiological studies. Additional evidence was acquired that the lymphoid system plays a role in HPyV infection and persistence. Thereby, shedding from this site during reactivation might take part in transmission of the newly found HPyVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yilin Wang
- Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leena-Maija Aaltonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lari Pyöriä
- Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Klaus Hedman
- Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Varsani A, Frankfurter G, Stainton D, Male MF, Kraberger S, Burns JM. Identification of a polyomavirus in Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica). Arch Virol 2017; 162:1403-1407. [PMID: 28124141 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous in nature, however, very few have been identified that are associated with Antarctic animals. Here we report the identification of a polyomavirus in the kidney tissue of a deceased Weddell seal from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The circular genome (5186 nt) has typical features of polyomaviruses with a small and larger T-antigen open reading frames (ORFs) and three ORFs encoding VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins. The genome of the Weddell seal polyomavirus (WsPyV) shares 85.4% genome-wide pairwise identity with a polyomavirus identified in a California sea lion. To our knowledge WsPyV is the first viral genome identified in Antarctic pinnipeds and the third polyomavirus to be identified from an Antarctic animal, the other two being from Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) and a sharp-spined notothen (Trematomus pennellii), both sampled in the Ross sea. The GenBank accession number: KX533457.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7001, South Africa.
| | - Greg Frankfurter
- Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daisy Stainton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Maketalena F Male
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Simona Kraberger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer M Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
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Essa SS, Chehadeh W, Al-Nakib W. Human Washington University Polyomavirus in Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:542-546. [PMID: 29131066 PMCID: PMC5848483 DOI: 10.1159/000485036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine Washington University (WU) polyomavirus strains circulating among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) in Kuwait. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from 459 hospitalized children and adult RTI patients were screened for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction from April 2013 to April 2016. The VP2 gene from WU virus (WUV)-positive samples was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Of the 459 hospitalized RTI patients, 18 (3.9%) patients were positive for WUV infection. WUV infection was common among children aged ≤11 years (9 patients, 50%). Among the 18 WUV-infected hospitalized patients, viral co-infection was detected in 9 patients (50%). The most common viruses associated with mixed infection were respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus (2 patients, 11.1% each). Of the 18 WUV-infected patients, 4 were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The circulating strains belong to type Ia and IIIb. CONCLUSION This study enabled us to detect WUV among hospitalized RTI patients. Co-infection with other respiratory viruses was notable. Two circulating WUV genotypes (Ia and IIIb) were identified among hospitalized RTI patients in Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sultan Essa
- *Sahar Sultan Essa, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
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18
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Abstract
Virus was detected in the lung and trachea of a deceased patient. WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) was detected in a bone marrow transplant recipient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome who died in 2001. Crystalline lattices of polyomavirus-like particles were observed in the patient’s lung by electron microscopy. WUPyV was detected in the lung and other tissues by real-time quantitative PCR and identified in the lung and trachea by immunohistochemistry. A subset of WUPyV-positive cells in the lung had morphologic features of macrophages. Although the role of WUPyV as a human pathogen remains unclear, these results clearly demonstrate evidence for infection of respiratory tract tissues in this patient.
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Beckervordersandforth J, Pujari S, Rennspiess D, Speel EJM, Winnepenninckx V, Diaz C, Weyers W, Haugg AM, Kurz AK, zur Hausen A. Frequent detection of human polyomavirus 6 in keratoacanthomas. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:58. [PMID: 27388771 PMCID: PMC4936261 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent discovery of the Merkel cell polyomavirus and its consistent association with Merkel cell carcinoma has drawn attention to the numerous recently discovered polyomaviruses and their possible involvement in the etiopathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Data on the recently discovered human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) and its role in NMSC are sparse and in part controversial. METHODS In the present study we tested a large number (n = 299) of NMSC specimens for the presence of human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) by DNA PCR and HPyV6 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In detail, 59 keratoacanthomas (KA), 109 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 86 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 45 trichoblastomas (TB) were tested for the presence of HPyV6. RESULTS HPyV6 DNA PCR and subsequent sequence analysis revealed that 25 KAs (42.3 %), 23 BCCs (21.1 %), 8 SCCs (9.3 %) and 10 TBs (22.2 %) were HPyV6 positive. The presence of HPyV6 DNA was visualized and validated on the single cell level within the histomorphological context by HPyV6 fluorescence in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of HPyV6 DNA in 42.3 % of KA possibly points to a role for HPyV6 in the etiopathogenesis of KAs. Although the detection rate of HPyV6 DNA in BCCs and TBs is within the previously reported detection range in normal skin, it does not exclude a possible role for HPyV6 in the carcinogenesis in a significant subset of these skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Beckervordersandforth
- />Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sreedhar Pujari
- />Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorit Rennspiess
- />Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst Jan M. Speel
- />Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Véronique Winnepenninckx
- />Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Diaz
- />Center for Dermatopathology, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Anke Maria Haugg
- />Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Axel zur Hausen
- />Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Wen CM, Chen MM, Wang CS, Liu PC, Nan FH. Isolation of a novel polyomavirus, related to Japanese eel endothelial cell-infecting virus, from marbled eels, Anguilla marmorata (Quoy & Gaimard). J Fish Dis 2016; 39:889-897. [PMID: 26566584 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Marbled eels, Anguilla marmorata (Quoy & Gaimard), cultured in Taiwan exhibited haemorrhage and mortality in January 2012. The severely diseased eels bled from the gills and showed congestion of the central venous sinus of the gill filaments and haemorrhage throughout the body similar to viral endothelial cell necrosis of eel. In this study, a novel polyomavirus (AmPyV) was isolated from the diseased eels using the AMPF cell line established from the pectoral fin of healthy marbled eels. AmPyV was found to encode a long T-antigen orthologous gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AmPyV was closely related to Japanese eel endothelial cell-infecting virus. PCR assays revealed AmPyV infection throughout the systemic organs. AmPyV proliferated in the AMPF, EK-1 and EO-2 cells at temperatures 25-30 °C, and the progeny virus yields were 10(7.0) , 10(7.4) and 10(7.7) TCID50 mL(-1) , respectively. The purified virions were icosahedral particles, 70-80 nm in diameter. No clinical signs or mortality was observed among the eels injected with the virus; however, the virus was reisolated from the brain, eyes, kidneys, fins and gills of infected eels 2 month after injection. Our results suggest that AmPyV exhibits a latent infection. Pathogen of the disease needs to study further.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - M M Chen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C S Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P C Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - F H Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Wen TK, Tang MB, Yu CP. DETECTION OF WU POLYOMAVIRUS AND NOROVIRUS GENOGROUP II IN STOOLS OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS IN TAIWAN. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2016; 47:23-30. [PMID: 27086422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To date, there has been no report of coinfection of human WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) with norovirus (NV). WUPyV has been detected in stool indicating pathogenicity of the gastrointestinal tract. Feces from 110 children (58 males, 52 females) with acute gastroenteritis admitted to Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Taiwan were screened for the presence of WUPyV and NV GII by PCR and RT-qPCR, respectively revealing three males with WUPyV only and one male with both viruses, the latter being first such report. There are no significant differences in clinical symptoms between patients with and without viral infection. Phylogenetic analysis based on WUPyV VP2 sequences indicated that the four samples are closely related to strains epidemic in China.
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Iaconelli M, Petricca S, Libera SD, Di Bonito P, La Rosa G. First Detection of Human Papillomaviruses and Human Polyomaviruses in River Waters in Italy. Food Environ Virol 2015; 7:309-15. [PMID: 26049729 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-015-9203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne exposure to human viruses is possible through contact with contaminated water environments and can result in infections associated with a wide range of illnesses, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, ear, ocular, and skin infections. Recently, the occurrence in water environments of two groups of human viruses-both known with oncogenic potential, human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) and papillomaviruses (HPVs)-has been reported worldwide. These viruses, responsible for highly prevalent infections worldwide, have recently been proposed as potentially emerging waterborne pathogens. The objective of the present study was to examine the occurrence of HPyVs and HPVs in surface waters, by monitoring two rivers in Northwestern Italy, by nested PCR assays and sequencing. HPyVs (JC, BK, and Merkel cell polyomavirus) were detected in 10/25 (40%) samples. HPVs (HPV8, 17, 21, 25, 32, 80, 99, 105, and putative new HPVs) were identified in 14/25 (56%) river samples. The number of HPV DNA copies in waters was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first detection and quantification of HPVs in surface waters. The possibility that HPyVs and HPVs can be transmitted by the waterborne route deserves to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S Petricca
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Nainys J, Timinskas A, Schneider J, Ulrich RG, Gedvilaite A. Identification of Two Novel Members of the Tentative Genus Wukipolyomavirus in Wild Rodents. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140916. [PMID: 26474048 PMCID: PMC4608572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel polyomaviruses (PyVs) were identified in kidney and chest-cavity fluid samples of wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and common voles (Microtus arvalis) collected in Germany. All cloned and sequenced genomes had the typical PyV genome organization, including putative open reading frames for early regulatory proteins large T antigen and small T antigen on one strand and for structural late proteins (VP1, VP2 and VP3) on the other strand. Virus-like particles (VLPs) were generated by yeast expression of the VP1 protein of both PyVs. VLP-based ELISA and large T-antigen sequence-targeted polymerase-chain reaction investigations demonstrated signs of infection of these novel PyVs in about 42% of bank voles and 18% of common voles. In most cases only viral DNA, but not VP1-specific antibodies were detected. In additional animals exclusively VP1-specific antibodies, but no viral DNA was detected, indicative for virus clearance. Phylogenetic and clustering analysis including all known PyV genomes placed novel bank vole and common vole PyVs amongst members of the tentative Wukipolymavirus genus. The other known four rodent PyVs, Murine PyV and Hamster PyV, and Murine pneumotropic virus and Mastomys PyV belong to different phylogenetic clades, tentatively named Orthopolyomavirus I and Orthopolyomavirus II, respectively. In conclusion, the finding of novel vole-borne PyVs may suggest an evolutionary origin of ancient wukipolyomaviruses in rodents and may offer the possibility to develop a vole-based animal model for human wukipolyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juozas Nainys
- Department of Eukaryote Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Timinskas
- Department of Eukaryote Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julia Schneider
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Alma Gedvilaite
- Department of Eukaryote Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
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Siebrasse EA, Pastrana DV, Nguyen NL, Wang A, Roth MJ, Holland SM, Freeman AF, McDyer J, Buck CB, Wang D. WU polyomavirus in respiratory epithelial cells from lung transplant patient with Job syndrome. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:103-6. [PMID: 25531075 PMCID: PMC4285236 DOI: 10.3201/eid2101.140855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) in a bronchoalveolar lavage sample from lungs transplanted into a recipient with Job syndrome by using immunoassays specific for the WUPyV viral protein 1. Co-staining for an epithelial cell marker identified most WUPyV viral protein 1–positive cells as respiratory epithelial cells.
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25
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Delbue S, Elia F, Signorini L, Bella R, Villani S, Marchioni E, Ferrante P, Phan TG, Delwart E. Human polyomavirus 6 DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of an HIV-positive patient with leukoencephalopathy. J Clin Virol 2015; 68:24-7. [PMID: 26071330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukoencephalopathies in HAART-treated, HIV-positive patients include progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a result of lytic infection oligodendrocytes by JC polyomavirus (JCV), and another form characterized by the absence of JCV genome in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). OBJECTIVES To test the potential viral etiology of JCV-negative leukoencephalopathy. STUDY DESIGN CSF was collected from 43 HIV-positive patients with MRI suggestive of leukoencephalopathies. DNA was isolated and real-time PCR assays for neurotropic viruses (Herpes Simplex Viruses 1/2, Varicella Zoster Virus, Epstein Barr Virus, Human Cytomegalovirus, Human Herpesvirus 6, JCV and HIV) were conducted. CSF from 14 non-reactive cases were subjected to random nucleic acid amplification, deep sequencing, and in silico search for viral sequences. RESULTS JCV genome was detected in the CSF of 19/43 PML patients, HIV genome in the CSF of 5 PML patients including 2 JCV negative patients, and no viruses were detected in 22 patients. Human Polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) DNA was detected by deep sequencing in one JCV-negative leukoencephalopathy CSF sample. CONCLUSIONS HPyV6 DNA was detected in CSF of a case of demyelinating disease. HPyV6 has not been previously reported in CSF or associated with any disease. Demonstrating a causative role will require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Delbue
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Elia
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Signorini
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Ramona Bella
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Sonia Villani
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchioni
- Department of General Neurology, IRCCS National Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Tung Gia Phan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that consumption of beef may correlate with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. One hypothesis to explain this proposed link might be the presence of a carcinogenic infectious agent capable of withstanding cooking. Polyomaviruses are a ubiquitous family of thermostable non-enveloped DNA viruses that are known to be carcinogenic. Using virion enrichment, rolling circle amplification (RCA) and next-generation sequencing, we searched for polyomaviruses in meat samples purchased from several supermarkets. Ground beef samples were found to contain three polyomavirus species. One species, bovine polyomavirus 1 (BoPyV1), was originally discovered as a contaminant in laboratory FCS. A previously unknown species, BoPyV2, occupies the same clade as human Merkel cell polyomavirus and raccoon polyomavirus, both of which are carcinogenic in their native hosts. A third species, BoPyV3, is related to human polyomaviruses 6 and 7. Examples of additional DNA virus families, including herpesviruses, adenoviruses, circoviruses and gyroviruses were also detected either in ground beef samples or in comparison samples of ground pork and ground chicken. The results suggest that the virion enrichment/RCA approach is suitable for random detection of essentially any DNA virus with a detergent-stable capsid. It will be important for future studies to address the possibility that animal viruses commonly found in food might be associated with disease.
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Rockett R, Barraclough KA, Isbel NM, Dudley KJ, Nissen MD, Sloots TP, Bialasiewicz S. Specific rolling circle amplification of low-copy human polyomaviruses BKV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, and STLPyV. J Virol Methods 2015; 215-216:17-21. [PMID: 25698464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eleven new human polyomaviruses have been recently discovered, yet for most of these viruses, little is known of their biology and clinical impact. Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is an ideal method for the amplification of the circular polyomavirus genome due to its high fidelity amplification of circular DNA. In this study, a modified RCA method was developed to selectively amplify a range of polyomavirus genomes. Initial evaluation showed a multiplexed temperature-graded reaction profile gave the best yield and sensitivity in amplifying BK polyomavirus in a background of human DNA, with up to 1 × 10(8)-fold increases in viral genomes from as little as 10 genome copies per reaction. Furthermore, the method proved to be more sensitive and provided a 200-fold greater yield than that of random hexamers based standard RCA. Application of the method to other novel human polyomaviruses showed successful amplification of TSPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, and STLPyV from low-viral load positive clinical samples, with viral genome enrichment ranging from 1 × 10(8) up to 1 × 10(10). This directed RCA method can be applied to selectively amplify other low-copy polyomaviral genomes from a background of competing non-specific DNA, and is a useful tool in further research into the rapidly expanding Polyomaviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rockett
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Nicole M Isbel
- Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kevin J Dudley
- Institute for Future Environments, Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael D Nissen
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Theo P Sloots
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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van der Meijden E, Wunderink HF, van der Blij-de Brouwer CS, Zaaijer HL, Rotmans JI, Bavinck JNB, Feltkamp MCW. Human polyomavirus 9 infection in kidney transplant patients. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:991-9. [PMID: 24866095 PMCID: PMC4036759 DOI: 10.3201/eid2006.140055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This virus is frequently found within the first year after transplantation and in association with BK polyomavirus infection. Several human polyomaviruses of unknown prevalence and pathogenicity have been identified, including human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9). To determine rates of HPyV9 infection among immunosuppressed patients, we screened serum samples from 101 kidney transplant patients in the Netherlands for HPyV9 DNA and seroreactivity. A total of 21 patients had positive results for HPyV9 DNA; positivity rates peaked at 3 months after transplantation, but the highest viral loads were measured just after transplantation. During 18 months of follow-up, HPyV9 seroprevalence increased from 33% to 46% among transplant patients; seroprevalence remained stable at ≈30% in a control group of healthy blood donors in whom no HPyV9 DNA was detected. Further analysis revealed an association between detection of HPyV9 and detection of BK polyomavirus but not of cytomegalovirus. Our data indicate that HPyV9 infection is frequent in kidney transplant patients, but the nature of infection—endogenous or donor-derived—and pathogenic potential of this virus remain unknown.
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Essa S, Owayed A, Altawalah H, Khadadah M, Behbehani N, Al-Nakib W. The Prevalence of Human Bocavirus, Human Coronavirus-NL63, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Polyomavirus KI and WU in Respiratory Tract Infections in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24:382-7. [PMID: 25925246 PMCID: PMC5588235 DOI: 10.1159/000381422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human coronavirus (HCoV)-NL63, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (Boca), human polyomavirus KI (KIV) and human polyomavirus WU (WUV) in respiratory tract infections (RTI) in Kuwait. MATERIALS AND METHODS Respiratory samples from 735 hospitalized patients with RTI from September 2010 to April 2013 were evaluated for the presence of HCoV-NL63, hMPV, Boca, KIV and WUV using molecular assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS Of the 735 patients, 285 (38.8%) were diagnosed with viral RTI. The distribution of respiratory viruses was hMPV: 15 (5.3%), Boca: 14 (4.9%), WUV: 10 (3.5%) and KIV: 4 (1.4%). HCoV-NL63 was not detected in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS These newly discovered viruses were associated with the development of RTI in Kuwait. The rapid identification of these viral infections could aid in the control of nosocomial transmission, reduce the use of antibiotics and improve treatment and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Essa
- Department of Microbiology, Safat, Kuwait
- *Dr. Sahar Sultan Essa, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
| | | | | | - Mousa Khadadah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Nasser Behbehani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Chen T, Tanner L, Simell V, Hedman L, Mäkinen M, Sadeghi M, Veijola R, Hyöty H, Ilonen J, Knip M, Toppari J, Simell O, Söderlund-Venermo M, Hedman K. Diagnostic methods for and clinical pictures of polyomavirus primary infections in children, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:689-92. [PMID: 24655410 PMCID: PMC3966366 DOI: 10.3201/eid2004.131015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We used comprehensive serodiagnostic methods (IgM, IgG, and IgG avidity) and PCR to study Merkel cell polyomavirus and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus infections in children observed from infancy to adolescence. Comparing seroconversion intervals with previous and subsequent intervals, we found that primary infections with these 2 viruses were asymptomatic in childhood.
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31
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Schrama D, Groesser L, Ugurel S, Hafner C, Pastrana DV, Buck CB, Cerroni L, Theiler A, Becker JC. Presence of human polyomavirus 6 in mutation-specific BRAF inhibitor-induced epithelial proliferations. JAMA Dermatol 2014; 150:1180-6. [PMID: 24943872 PMCID: PMC8369517 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A frequent adverse effect of mutation-specific BRAF inhibitor therapy is the induction of epithelial proliferations including cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. To date, the only factor identified contributing to their development is the activation of the mitogen-activated signal transduction cascade by mutations in the RAS genes. However, these mutations explain only 60% of the tumors; hence, it is important to identify what is causing the remaining tumors. OBJECTIVE To test for the presence of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and the recently identified human polyomaviruses (HPyVs), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV), as well as HPyV-6, HPyV-7, HPyV-9, and HPyV-10, in epithelial proliferations occurring after BRAF inhibitor therapy to determine whether these oncogenic viruses may contribute to BRAF inhibitor-induced skin tumors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective study at a university hospital in Austria of epithelial proliferations that developed in patients with melanoma after initiation of treatment with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Samples were analyzed for (1) presence of the most frequently observed RAS mutations by SNaPshot technology, (2) detection of the viruses by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and (3) presence of capsid proteins of the most abundantly detected virus by immunohistochemical analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES RAS mutational status, as well as HPV and HPyV presence, in BRAF inhibitor-induced epithelial proliferations. RESULTS Eighteen biopsy samples from 6 patients were retrieved from our hospital's archive. We identified RAS mutations in 10 (62%) of the 16 samples with clear results. DNA of HPyV-9, HPyV-10, and TSPyV were virtually absent in the samples. MCPyV DNA was present in 13 of 18 samples, and HPV, HPyV-6, and HPyV-7 DNA were present in all samples. In general, the amount of DNA encoding the latter viruses was rather low, with the exception of HPyV-6 in several samples of 1 individual patient. Notably, the relevance of the presence of HPyV-6 in the epithelial proliferation was underlined by immunohistochemical detection of the core protein VP1 of HPyV-6. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The presence of both high HPyV-6 DNA load and VP1 protein suggests that polyomaviruses may contribute to the epithelial proliferations observed in patients receiving BRAF inhibitor therapy, albeit the relative impact as compared with that of RAS mutations appears circumstantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria2Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leopold Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diana V Pastrana
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher B Buck
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lorenzo Cerroni
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Theiler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Fratini M, Di Bonito P, La Rosa G. Oncogenic Papillomavirus and Polyomavirus in Water Environments: Is There a Potential for Waterborne Transmission? Food Environ Virol 2014; 6:1-12. [PMID: 24293168 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-013-9134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne exposure to human viruses through contact with sewage-contaminated water environments can result in infections associated with a wide range of illnesses. Gastrointestinal symptoms are the most commonly encountered manifestations of waterborne viral illness. Respiratory diseases, neurological diseases and paralysis can also occur. Whether viral infections resulting in health outcomes like cancer might also be transmitted by the waterborne route is unknown. Recently, viruses belonging to two oncogenic groups-Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Human Polyomaviruses (HPyVs)-have been detected in urban sewages worldwide. The latter have also been identified in other water environments. HPVs are epitheliotropic viruses responsible for several diseases of skin and mucosae, from common warts to squamous intraepithelial lesions that can either heal or progress to invasive carcinoma of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus or oropharynx. Human PyVs infect different tissues and organs, causing infections that are usually subclinical in immunocompetent individuals but can be serious in immunocompromised hosts. These pathogens belong to a family of DNA tumour viruses. Merkel cell polyomavirus, a HPyV identified in recent years, has attracted much attention due to its link with a rare and aggressive form of human cancer. Merkel cell carcinoma, the incidence of which has tripled over the past two decades. JC polyomavirus and BK polyomavirus are also potentially oncogenic. The observed abundance and wide dissemination of HPVs and HPyVs in water environments strongly suggest the need to shed light on the fate of these viruses in water environments and to elucidate their potential for waterborne transmission. Such information is essential for the improvement of wastewater management programs in terms of both sewage treatment and water quality surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fratini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Stevens H, Bertelsen MF, Sijmons S, Van Ranst M, Maes P. Characterization of a novel polyomavirus isolated from a fibroma on the trunk of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana). PLoS One 2013; 8:e77884. [PMID: 24205012 PMCID: PMC3799753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses of the family Polyomaviridae infect a wide variety of avian and mammalian hosts with a broad spectrum of outcomes including asymptomatic infection, acute systemic disease, and tumor induction. In this study a novel polyomavirus, the African elephant polyomavirus 1 (AelPyV-1) found in a protruding hyperplastic fibrous lesion on the trunk of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) was characterized. The AelPyV-1 genome is 5722 bp in size and is one of the largest polyomaviruses characterized to date. Analysis of the AelPyV-1 genome reveals five putative open-reading frames coding for the classic small and large T antigens in the early region, and the VP1, VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins in the late region. In the area preceding the VP2 start codon three putative open-reading frames, possibly coding for an agnoprotein, could be localized. A regulatory, non-coding region separates the 2 coding regions. Unique for polyomaviruses is the presence of a second 854 bp long non-coding region between the end of the early region and the end of the late region. Based on maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the large T antigen of the AelPyV-1 and 61 other polyomavirus sequences, AelPyV-1 clusters within a heterogeneous group of polyomaviruses that have been isolated from bats, new world primates and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Stevens
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Steven Sijmons
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Rusiñol M, Carratalà A, Hundesa A, Bach A, Kern A, Vantarakis A, Girones R, Bofill-Mas S. Description of a novel viral tool to identify and quantify ovine faecal pollution in the environment. Sci Total Environ 2013; 458-460:355-60. [PMID: 23672793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Farmed animals such as sheep, cattle, swine and poultry play an important role in microbial contamination of water, crops and food, and introduce large quantities of pathogens into the environment. The ability to determine the origin of faecal pollution in water resources is essential when establishing a robust and efficient water management system. Animal-specific viruses have previously been suggested as microbial source tracking tools, but specific ovine viral markers have not been reported before now. Previous studies have shown that polyomaviruses are host-specific, highly prevalent and are commonly excreted in urine. Furthermore, they have been reported to infect several vertebrate species but not sheep. That situation encouraged the study of a new putative ovine polyomavirus (OPyV) and its use to determine whether faecal pollution originates from ovine faecal/urine contamination. Putative OPyV DNA was amplified from ovine urine and faecal samples using a broad-spectrum nested PCR (nPCR). Specific nested PCR and quantitative PCR assays were developed and applied to faecal and environmental samples, including sheep slurries, slaughterhouse wastewater effluents, urban sewage and river water samples. Successful amplification by PCR was achieved in sheep urine samples, sheep slaughterhouse wastewater and downstream sewage effluents. The assay was specific and was negative in samples of human, bovine, goat, swine and chicken origin. Ovine faecal pollution was detected in river water samples by applying the designed methods. These results provide a quantitative tool for the analysis of OPyV as a suitable viral indicator of sheep faecal contamination that may be present in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rusiñol
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Robaina TF, Mendes GS, Benati FJ, Pena GA, Silva RC, Montes MAR, Otero R, Castro GF, Câmara FP, Santos N. Polyomavirus in saliva of HIV-infected children, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:155-7. [PMID: 23260998 PMCID: PMC3557986 DOI: 10.3201/eid1901.120563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Randhawa P. Incorporation of pathology and laboratory findings into management algorithms for polyomavirus nephropathy. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:1379-81. [PMID: 23721550 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zhang CW, Chen XQ, Bai YH, Pan XD, Wang SL, Cai Y, Xia P, Wu CZ, Chen BC. [Establishment of a real-time PCR assay for simultaneously detecting human BKV and CMV DNA and its application in renal transplantation recipients]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2013; 29:410-414. [PMID: 23895006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To establish a fluorescent quantitative PCR method (FQ-PCR) with TaqMan probe for simultaneous detection of polyomavirus (BKV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and to evaluate its clinical application in the renal transplantation recipients. The conservative sequences of BKV and CMV were targeted and amplified by nested PCR technique. The PCR products were cloned into the plasmids pcDNA3. 1(+). The recombinant plasmid containing target sequences of BKV and CMV were constructed as external standards. The TaqMan-based assay was optimized. For evaluating the assay, the sensitivity was determinated by diluted standard (5 X 103-10icopies/mL), and the specificity was verified by negative control and positive control, and the precision was assessed by intra-assay coefficient of variation (ICV) through detecting standard repeatedly (20 times). A total of 480 blood samples of renal transplantation recipients were used to detect BKV and CMV DNA simultaneously with FQ-PCR, and the concentrations of FK506 were measured by ELISA. The association of DNA copy and concentrations of FK506 was analyzed. The cloned target BKV and CMV DNA was confirmed by sequencing and analysis. The sensitivity of the FQ-PCR assay reached 5 X 103 copies/ml in detecting BKV or CMV DNA. Control DNA verified the assay specifically detecting target DNA. The precision of the assay to quantif target DNA copies was acceptable (Intra-assay CV was 3.44% for BKV and 2.23% for CMV; Inter-assay CV was 4. 98% for BKV and 3.76% for CMV;). Of 480 samples, 130 samples (27. 08%) were CMV DNA positive, significantly higher than the BKV DNA positive (13.33%, 64/480, P<0.05). The positive BKV or CMV DNA was found to be associated with high concentrations of FK506 (P<0. 05). In conclusion, the developed real-time PCR assay for detecting both CMV and BKV DNA simultaneously was s high sensitive, precise and time-effectiveand could be applied in the monitoring of the CMV and BKV infection in the renal transplantation recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wu Zhang
- (The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Du-Thanh A, Foulongne V, Guillot B, Dereure O. Recently discovered human polyomaviruses in lesional and non-lesional skin of patients with primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:140-2. [PMID: 23642662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tao Y, Shi M, Conrardy C, Kuzmin IV, Recuenco S, Agwanda B, Alvarez DA, Ellison JA, Gilbert AT, Moran D, Niezgoda M, Lindblade KA, Holmes EC, Breiman RF, Rupprecht CE, Tong S. Discovery of diverse polyomaviruses in bats and the evolutionary history of the Polyomaviridae. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:738-748. [PMID: 23239573 PMCID: PMC7346582 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.047928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses (PyVs) have been identified in a wide range of avian and mammalian species. However, little is known about their occurrence, genetic diversity and evolutionary history in bats, even though bats are important reservoirs for many emerging viral pathogens. This study screened 380 specimens from 35 bat species from Kenya and Guatemala for the presence of PyVs by semi-nested pan-PyV PCR assays. PyV DNA was detected in 24 of the 380 bat specimens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bat PyV sequences formed 12 distinct lineages. Full-genome sequences were obtained for seven representative lineages and possessed similar genomic features to known PyVs. Strikingly, this evolutionary analysis revealed that the bat PyVs were paraphyletic, suggestive of multiple species jumps between bats and other mammalian species, such that the theory of virus-host co-divergence for mammalian PyVs as a whole could be rejected. In addition, evidence was found for strong heterogeneity in evolutionary rate and potential recombination in a number of PyV complete genomes, which complicates both phylogenetic analysis and virus classification. In summary, this study revealed that bats are important reservoirs of PyVs and that these viruses have a complex evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tao
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Mang Shi
- Sydney Emerging Infections and Biosecurity Institute, School of
Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
2006, Australia
| | - Christina Conrardy
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ivan V. Kuzmin
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Sergio Recuenco
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | - Danilo A. Alvarez
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala,
Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - James A. Ellison
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Amy T. Gilbert
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - David Moran
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala,
Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Michael Niezgoda
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Kim A. Lindblade
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Central America and
Panama, Guatemala
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Sydney Emerging Infections and Biosecurity Institute, School of
Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
2006, Australia
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Charles E. Rupprecht
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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White MK, Gordon J, Khalili K. The rapidly expanding family of human polyomaviruses: recent developments in understanding their life cycle and role in human pathology. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003206. [PMID: 23516356 PMCID: PMC3597531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1971, the polyomaviruses JC (JCPyV) and BK (BKPyV), isolated from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and polyomavirus-associated nephropathy, respectively, remained for decades as the only known members of the Polyomaviridae family of viruses of human origin. Over the past five years, the application of new genomic amplification technologies has facilitated the discovery of several novel human polyomaviruses (HPyVs), bringing the present number to 10. These HPyVs share many fundamental features in common such as genome size and organization. Infection by all HPyVs is widespread in the human population, but they show important differences in their tissue tropism and association with disease. Much remains unknown about these new viruses. In this review, we discuss the problems associated with studying HPyVs, such as the lack of culture systems for the new viruses and the gaps in our basic understanding of their biology. We summarize what is known so far about their distribution, life cycle, tissue tropism, their associated pathologies (if any), and future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn K. White
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Lim ES, Reyes A, Antonio M, Saha D, Ikumapayi UN, Adeyemi M, Stine OC, Skelton R, Brennan DC, Mkakosya RS, Manary MJ, Gordon JI, Wang D. Discovery of STL polyomavirus, a polyomavirus of ancestral recombinant origin that encodes a unique T antigen by alternative splicing. Virology 2013; 436:295-303. [PMID: 23276405 PMCID: PMC3693558 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The family Polyomaviridae is comprised of circular double-stranded DNA viruses, several of which are associated with diseases, including cancer, in immunocompromised patients. Here we describe a novel polyomavirus recovered from the fecal microbiota of a child in Malawi, provisionally named STL polyomavirus (STLPyV). We detected STLPyV in clinical stool specimens from USA and The Gambia at up to 1% frequency. Complete genome comparisons of two STLPyV strains demonstrated 5.2% nucleotide divergence. Alternative splicing of the STLPyV early region yielded a unique form of T antigen, which we named 229T, in addition to the expected large and small T antigens. STLPyV has a mosaic genome and shares an ancestral recombinant origin with MWPyV. The discovery of STLPyV highlights a novel alternative splicing strategy and advances our understanding of the complex evolutionary history of polyomaviruses.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Alternative Splicing
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Feces/virology
- Female
- Gambia
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genome, Viral
- Humans
- Infant
- Malawi
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Polyomavirus/classification
- Polyomavirus/genetics
- Polyomavirus/isolation & purification
- Polyomavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Polyomavirus Infections/virology
- Prevalence
- Recombination, Genetic
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrem S. Lim
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alejandro Reyes
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Martin Antonio
- Medical Research Council Unit, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Debasish Saha
- Medical Research Council Unit, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | | | | | - O. Colin Stine
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 W Redwood St., Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Skelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel C. Brennan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajhab S. Mkakosya
- Department of Pathology, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Mark J. Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Jeffrey I. Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David Wang
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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UC-Davis veterinarians identify new raccoon polyomavirus: discovery could help explain how viruses cause cancer in animals and humans. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:295-6. [PMID: 23447820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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43
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Csoma E, Sápy T, Mészáros B, Gergely L. Novel human polyomaviruses in pregnancy: higher prevalence of BKPyV, but no WUPyV, KIPyV and HPyV9. J Clin Virol 2012; 55:262-5. [PMID: 22902204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppression due to pregnancy may lead to higher susceptibility to infections and reactivation of latent infections, such as BK polyomavirus (BKPyV). There is lack of information about the prevalence of novel human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9), WU (WUPyV) and KI (KIPyV) during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To study whether pregnancy results in higher prevalence of HPyV9, WUPyV, KIPyV and their correlation with BKPyV. STUDY DESIGN Plasma, urine and throat swab samples from 100 pregnant and 100 non pregnant women were screened for the presence of WUPyV, KIPyV, HPyV9 and BKPyV by PCR. RESULTS No WUPyV DNA was detected in plasma, urine and respiratory samples from pregnant and non pregnant women. KIPyV DNA was found in two plasma samples from non pregnant women (2%) and not detected in other samples from neither pregnant nor non pregnant women. HPyV9 DNA was determined in all sample types of pregnant and non pregnant women, respectively. There were no significant differences between pregnant and non pregnant women in HPyV9 DNA frequencies for plasma (2% vs. 6%), urine (3% vs. 2%) and respiratory samples (2% vs. 2%). Prevalence of BKPyV in urine samples was significantly higher (p=0.039) in pregnant women (13%) then in non pregnant women (4%); co infection with KIPyV and/or HPyV9 was not detected. CONCLUSIONS In contrast with BKPyV, infection with WUPyV, KIPyV and HPyV9 was not detected more frequently during pregnancy. To the best of our knowledge HPyV9 was detected first in respiratory samples in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Csoma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Antonsson A, Bialasiewicz S, Rockett RJ, Jacob K, Bennett IC, Sloots TP. Exploring the prevalence of ten polyomaviruses and two herpes viruses in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39842. [PMID: 22916092 PMCID: PMC3419721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several different viruses have been proposed to play a role in breast carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of a subset of viruses in breast cancer tissue. We investigated the prevalence of 12 DNA viruses: EBV and CMV from the Herpesviridae family and SV40, BKV, JCV, MCV, WUV, KIV, LPV, HPyV6, HPyV7, and TSV from the Polyomaviridae family in 54 fresh frozen breast tumour specimens. Relevant clinical data and basic lifestyle data were available for all patients. The tissue samples were DNA extracted and real-time PCR assays were used for viral detection.The highest prevalence, 10% (5/54), was found for EBV. MCV, HPyV6, and HPyV7 were detected in single patient samples (2% each), while WUV, KIV, JCV, BKV, LPV, SV40, TSV and CMV were not detected in the 54 breast cancer specimens analysed here. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the potential role of viruses, and particularly EBV, in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Antonsson
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Department of Population Health, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Lin HX, Zgeng CH, Zheng ZH, Ouyang HX, Zheng MQ, Wu F, Lin F, Hou JY, Lv JX. [Detection of WU polyomavirus in children with low respiratory tract infections using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2012; 26:150-152. [PMID: 23002562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Development and application of a real time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) assay for detecting WU polyomavirus in children with low respiratory tract infections. METHODS The VP2 gene of WU polyomavirus was selected as the detection target, from which the real time primers and probes were designed. The standard curve was established by using recombinant plasmid as template. And the FQ-PCR assay for specific detection of WU polyomavirus was established. The specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the method were evaluated. Furthermore, the clinical specimens from children with respiratory tract infections collected in Wenling First People's Hospital were quantitatively detected using this method. RESULTS In this study, the FQ-PCR method was established to detect a specific fragment in VP2gene of WU polyomavirus. The standard curve coefficient R2 was 0.998. And this method can detect as low as 50 copies recombinant plasmid. The clinical specimens of sputum and throat swab from children with respiratory tract infections were quantitatively detected using this method. 7 sputum specimens were detected as WU polyomavirus positive in 700 sputum specimens, the positive ratio was 1.00%. No positive specimens were detected in 146 specimens of throat swabs and 846 blood samples from same patient population. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the FQ-PCR assay method established in this study was specific, rapid and sensitive for detecting WU polyomavirus in children with lower respiratory tract infections. The sputum specimen is more suitable to be used for gene detection of WU polyomavirus than throat swab or blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Lin
- Wenzhou Medical College, Wenling Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang 317500, China
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Rubin J, Giraud G, Priftakis P, Wide K, Gustafsson B, Ramqvist T, Dalianis T. No detection of BK virus, JC virus, KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomaviruses in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological complications after hematopoetic stem cell transplantation. Anticancer Res 2011; 31:3489-3492. [PMID: 21965766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurological complications, often due to viral reactivation, after allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are associated with increased mortality. Here, cerebrospinal fluid from 20 HSCT patients with neurological symptoms were analyzed and found to be negative by PCR for BK virus, JC virus, KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rubin
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory infection by WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) in Southern China. Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from 771 children with acute respiratory tract infection admitted to hospital and 82 samples from healthy subjects for routine examination at the outpatient service at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Medical College from July 2008 to June 2009. WUPyV was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. All WUPyV-positive specimens were characterized further for nine viruses causing common respiratory infections, including influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1 and 3, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus by PCR or real time (RT)-PCR. Fifteen out of 771 specimens from patients with acute respiratory tract infection, but none from healthy subjects, were positive for WUPyV and the positivity rate was 2%. Patients with WUPyV infection were between 2 and 48 months of age, and nine of the patients were male while six female. Four out of 15 patients were co-infected with RSV, one with adenovirus or rhinovirus, respectively. Patients with WUPyV infection displayed predominantly cough, moderate fever, and wheezing, and were diagnosed with pneumonia (n = 8), bronchiolitis (n = 4), upper respiratory tract infections (n = 2) and bronchitis (n = 1). One patient developed encephalitis. Therefore, WUPyV infection can cause acute respiratory tract infection with atypical symptoms, including severe complications, in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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48
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Rao S, Garcea RL, Robinson CC, Simões EA. WU and KI polyomavirus infections in pediatric hematology/oncology patients with acute respiratory tract illness. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:28-32. [PMID: 21705268 PMCID: PMC3816538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background WU and KI polyomaviruses (PyV) were discovered in 2007 in respiratory tract samples in adults and children. Other polyomaviruses (BKPyV and JCPyV) have been associated with illness in immunocompromised patients, and some studies suggest a higher prevalence of WUPyV and KIPyV in this population. Objective To determine whether a higher prevalence or viral load for WUPyV and KIPyV exists in immunocompromised children compared with immunocompetent children. Study design We measured the prevalence and viral load of WU and KI PyV by quantitative real-time PCR of viral DNA in respiratory tract specimens from pediatric hematology/oncology patients and immunocompetent controls with acute respiratory illnesses. Results The prevalence of WUPyV in the immunocompromised population was 5/161 (3%) versus 14/295 (5%) in the control population (P = 0.5), and 9/161 (5.6%) versus 7/295 (2.3%) respectively for KIPyV (P = 0.13). The mean viral load (in copies per cell or mL of sample) for KIPyV, was higher in the immunocompromised group compared to the control group (P = 0.019), but was not statistically different for WUPyV. A higher prevalence was seen in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients compared with other immunocompromised patients (6/26 versus 3/43, P = 0.054). Viral persistence was demonstrated only in 1/25 (4%) of sequential samples for KIPyV, and no persistence was seen for WUPyV. Conclusions A higher prevalence of WUPyV or KIPyV in the immunocompromised population compared with the immunocompetent group was not demonstrated. Higher viral loads for KIPyV in the immunocompromised group may suggest an increased pathogenic potential in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, B158 The Children's Hospital and University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Robert L. Garcea
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Porter Science Bldg. B249C, 347 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0347, United States
| | - Christine C. Robinson
- Department of Virology, B120, The Children's Hospital and University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Eric A.F. Simões
- Department of Pediatrics, B055 The Children's Hospital and University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 720 777 6977; fax: +1 720 777 7295.
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Biver-Dalle C, Nguyen T, Touzé A, Saccomani C, Penz S, Cunat-Peultier S, Riou-Gotta MO, Humbert P, Coursaget P, Aubin F. Use of interferon-alpha in two patients with Merkel cell carcinoma positive for Merkel cell polyomavirus. Acta Oncol 2011; 50:479-80. [PMID: 20825355 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2010.512924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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Astegiano S, Terlizzi ME, Elia M, Cavallo GP, Costa C, Cavallo R, Bergallo M. Prevalence of polyomaviruses BK, JC, SV40, KI, and WU in non-malignant tonsil specimens. Minerva Med 2010; 101:385-389. [PMID: 21196897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM The recently described polyomaviruses KI and WU have been detected in respiratory samples, stools, tonsils, and blood, particularly in immunocompromised conditions, although little is known about tissue tropism. Herein we investigated the occurrence of KIV and WUV in non-malignant tonsillar specimens by Real-time quantitative PCR; the presence of polyomaviruses BK, JC and SV40-DNA was also evaluated. METHODS Twenty-nine non-malignant tonsil specimens obtained from children and adults admitted for tonsillectomy were prospectively studied. Real-time quantitative TaqMan PCR for polyomaviruses KI, WU, BK, JC, and SV40 were performed. RESULTS KI-DNA was positive in 2/29 tonsillar specimens (6.9%), while BK- DNA, JC-DNA, SV-40 DNA, and WU-DNA sequences were not identified. CONCLUSION Few studies have investigated the prevalence of polyomaviruses in tonsil specimens, with varying results, and data are particularly scant as regards the newly discovered KIV and WUV. Two major questions remain to be definitely answered at this regard: the possibility that human tonsils represent the initial site of infection and/or a latency site and the biological and clinical meaning of KIV and WUV in different contexts and groups of patients, in that it is not clear whether they are simple bystanders or play a role in tonsil disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Astegiano
- Virology Unit, Department of Public Health and Microbiology, Turin, Italy
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