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Hung M, Lo HF, Beckmann AG, Demircioglu D, Damle G, Hasson D, Radice GL, Krauss RS. Cadherin-dependent adhesion is required for muscle stem cell niche anchorage and maintenance. Development 2024; 151:dev202387. [PMID: 38456551 PMCID: PMC11057819 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion between stem cells and their niche provides stable anchorage and signaling cues to sustain properties such as quiescence. Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) adhere to an adjacent myofiber via cadherin-catenin complexes. Previous studies on N- and M-cadherin in MuSCs revealed that although N-cadherin is required for quiescence, they are collectively dispensable for MuSC niche localization and regenerative activity. Although additional cadherins are expressed at low levels, these findings raise the possibility that cadherins are unnecessary for MuSC anchorage to the niche. To address this question, we conditionally removed from MuSCs β- and γ-catenin, and, separately, αE- and αT-catenin, factors that are essential for cadherin-dependent adhesion. Catenin-deficient MuSCs break quiescence similarly to N-/M-cadherin-deficient MuSCs, but exit the niche and are depleted. Combined in vivo, ex vivo and single cell RNA-sequencing approaches reveal that MuSC attrition occurs via precocious differentiation, re-entry to the niche and fusion to myofibers. These findings indicate that cadherin-catenin-dependent adhesion is required for anchorage of MuSCs to their niche and for preservation of the stem cell compartment. Furthermore, separable cadherin-regulated functions govern niche localization, quiescence and MuSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Hung
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hsiao-Fan Lo
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aviva G. Beckmann
- Pathos AI, 600 West Chicago Avenue, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60654, USA
| | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gargi Damle
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Glenn L. Radice
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Robert S. Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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2
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Kayvanjoo AH, Splichalova I, Bejarano DA, Huang H, Mauel K, Makdissi N, Heider D, Tew HM, Balzer NR, Greto E, Osei-Sarpong C, Baßler K, Schultze JL, Uderhardt S, Kiermaier E, Beyer M, Schlitzer A, Mass E. Fetal liver macrophages contribute to the hematopoietic stem cell niche by controlling granulopoiesis. eLife 2024; 13:e86493. [PMID: 38526524 PMCID: PMC11006421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the fetal liver becomes the main hematopoietic organ, where stem and progenitor cells as well as immature and mature immune cells form an intricate cellular network. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a specialized niche, which is essential for their proliferation and differentiation. However, the cellular and molecular determinants contributing to this fetal HSC niche remain largely unknown. Macrophages are the first differentiated hematopoietic cells found in the developing liver, where they are important for fetal erythropoiesis by promoting erythrocyte maturation and phagocytosing expelled nuclei. Yet, whether macrophages play a role in fetal hematopoiesis beyond serving as a niche for maturing erythroblasts remains elusive. Here, we investigate the heterogeneity of macrophage populations in the murine fetal liver to define their specific roles during hematopoiesis. Using a single-cell omics approach combined with spatial proteomics and genetic fate-mapping models, we found that fetal liver macrophages cluster into distinct yolk sac-derived subpopulations and that long-term HSCs are interacting preferentially with one of the macrophage subpopulations. Fetal livers lacking macrophages show a delay in erythropoiesis and have an increased number of granulocytes, which can be attributed to transcriptional reprogramming and altered differentiation potential of long-term HSCs. Together, our data provide a detailed map of fetal liver macrophage subpopulations and implicate macrophages as part of the fetal HSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Kayvanjoo
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - David Alejandro Bejarano
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Hao Huang
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Katharina Mauel
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Nikola Makdissi
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - David Heider
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Hui Ming Tew
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Nora Reka Balzer
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Eric Greto
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI) and FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
- Exploratory Research Unit, Optical Imaging Centre ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Collins Osei-Sarpong
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Kevin Baßler
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)BonnGermany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE and University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI) and FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
- Exploratory Research Unit, Optical Imaging Centre ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Immune and Tumor Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)BonnGermany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)BonnGermany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE and University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
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3
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Chen J, Li C, Sheng Y, Zhang J, Pang L, Dong Z, Wu Z, Lu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Guan X, Chen X, Huang J. Communication between the stem cell niche and an adjacent differentiation niche through miRNA and EGFR signaling orchestrates exit from the stem cell state in the Drosophila ovary. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002515. [PMID: 38512963 PMCID: PMC10986965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The signaling environment, or niche, often governs the initial difference in behavior of an adult stem cell and a derivative that initiates a path towards differentiation. The transition between an instructive stem cell niche and differentiation niche must generally have single-cell resolution, suggesting that multiple mechanisms might be necessary to sharpen the transition. Here, we examined the Drosophila ovary and found that Cap cells, which are key constituents of the germline stem cell (GSC) niche, express a conserved microRNA (miR-124). Surprisingly, loss of miR-124 activity in Cap cells leads to a defect in differentiation of GSC derivatives. We present evidence that the direct functional target of miR-124 in Cap cells is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and that failure to limit EGFR expression leads to the ectopic expression of a key anti-differentiation BMP signal in neighboring somatic escort cells (ECs), which constitute a differentiation niche. We further found that Notch signaling connects EFGR activity in Cap cells to BMP expression in ECs. We deduce that the stem cell niche communicates with the differentiation niche through a mechanism that begins with the selective expression of a specific microRNA and culminates in the suppression of the major anti-differentiation signal in neighboring cells, with the functionally important overall role of sharpening the spatial distinction between self-renewal and differentiation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaosqun Li
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Boman BM, Viswanathan V, Facey COB, Fields JZ, Stave JW. The v8-10 variant isoform of CD44 is selectively expressed in the normal human colonic stem cell niche and frequently is overexpressed in colon carcinomas during tumor development. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2195363. [PMID: 37005380 PMCID: PMC10072056 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2195363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 protein and its variant isoforms are expressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs), and various CD44 isoforms can have different functional roles in cells. Our goal was to investigate how different CD44 isoforms contribute to the emergence of stem cell (SC) overpopulation that drives colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Specific CD44 variant isoforms are selectively expressed in normal colonic SCs and become overexpressed in CRCs during tumor development. We created a unique panel of anti-CD44 rabbit genomic antibodies to 16 specific epitopes that span the entire length of the CD44 molecule. Our panel was used to comprehensively investigate the expression of different CD44 isoforms in matched pairs (n = 10) of malignant colonic tissue and adjacent normal mucosa, using two (IHC & IF) immunostaining approaches. We found that: i) CD44v8-10 is selectively expressed in the normal human colonic SC niche; ii) CD44v8-10 is co-expressed with the SC markers ALDH1 and LGR5 in normal and malignant colon tissues; iii) colon carcinoma tissues frequently (80%) stain for CD44v8-10 while staining for CD44v6 was less frequent (40%). Given that CD44v8-10 expression is restricted to cells in the normal human colonic SC niche and CD44v8-10 expression progressively increases during CRC development, CD44v8-10 expression likely contributes to the SC overpopulation that drives the development and growth of colon cancers. Since the CD44 variant v8-10 epitope is located on CD44's extracellular region, it offers great promise for targeted anti-CSC treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M. Boman
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Biologic Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Jefferson Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vignesh Viswanathan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Biologic Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caroline O. B. Facey
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jeremy Z. Fields
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Cancer Research and Innovation, CA*TX Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - James W. Stave
- Department of Cancer Research and Innovation, Strategic Diagnostics Inc, Newark, DE, USA
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5
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Wu L, Lin Q, Chatla S, Amarachintha S, Wilson AF, Atale N, Gao ZJ, Joseph J, Wolff EV, Du W. LepR+ niche cell-derived AREG compromises hematopoietic stem cell maintenance under conditions of DNA repair deficiency and aging. Blood 2023; 142:1529-1542. [PMID: 37584437 PMCID: PMC10656728 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cross talk between extrinsic niche-derived and intrinsic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) factors controlling HSC maintenance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that amphiregulin (AREG) from bone marrow (BM) leptin receptor (LepR+) niche cells is an important factor that mediates the cross talk between the BM niche and HSCs in stem cell maintenance. Mice deficient of the DNA repair gene Brca2, specifically in LepR+ cells (LepR-Cre;Brca2fl/fl), exhibited increased frequencies of total and myeloid-biased HSCs. Furthermore, HSCs from LepR-Cre;Brca2fl/fl mice showed compromised repopulation, increased expansion of donor-derived, myeloid-biased HSCs, and increased myeloid output. Brca2-deficient BM LepR+ cells exhibited persistent DNA damage-inducible overproduction of AREG. Ex vivo treatment of wild-type HSCs or systemic treatment of C57BL/6 mice with recombinant AREG impaired repopulation, leading to HSC exhaustion. Conversely, inhibition of AREG by an anti-AREG-neutralizing antibody or deletion of the Areg gene in LepR-Cre;Brca2fl/fl mice rescued HSC defects caused by AREG. Mechanistically, AREG activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, promoted HSC cycling, and compromised HSC quiescence. Finally, we demonstrated that BM LepR+ niche cells from other DNA repair-deficient and aged mice also showed persistent DNA damage-associated overexpression of AREG, which exerts similar negative effects on HSC maintenance. Therefore, we identified an important factor that regulates HSCs function under conditions of DNA repair deficiency and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Srinivas Chatla
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Surya Amarachintha
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, GA
| | - Andrew F Wilson
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Neha Atale
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zhenxia J Gao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jonathan Joseph
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Medical Education, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Emily V Wolff
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Genome Stability Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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6
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Hirakawa H, Gao L, Tavakol DN, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Ding L. Cellular plasticity of the bone marrow niche promotes hematopoietic stem cell regeneration. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1941-1952. [PMID: 37857934 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regenerate after myeloablation, a procedure that adversely disrupts the bone marrow and drives leptin receptor-expressing cells, a key niche component, to differentiate extensively into adipocytes. Regeneration of the bone marrow niche is associated with the resolution of adipocytes, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using Plin1-creER knock-in mice, we followed the fate of adipocytes in the regenerating niche in vivo. We found that bone marrow adipocytes were highly dynamic and dedifferentiated to leptin receptor-expressing cells during regeneration after myeloablation. Bone marrow adipocytes could give rise to osteolineage cells after skeletal injury. The cellular fate of steady-state bone marrow adipocytes was also plastic. Deletion of adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) from bone marrow stromal cells, including adipocytes, obstructed adipocyte dedifferentiation and led to severely compromised regeneration of HSCs as well as impaired B lymphopoiesis after myeloablation, but not in the steady state. Thus, the regeneration of HSCs and their niche depends on the cellular plasticity of bone marrow adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hirakawa
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Longfei Gao
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Naveed Tavakol
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Li B, Li J, Li B, Ouchi T, Li L, Li Y, Zhao Z. A single-cell transcriptomic atlas characterizes age-related changes of murine cranial stem cell niches. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13980. [PMID: 37681346 PMCID: PMC10652347 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The craniofacial bones provide structural support for the skull and accommodate the vulnerable brain tissue with a protective cavity. The bone tissue undergoes constant turnover, which relies on skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and/or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their niches. SSCs/MSCs and their perivascular niche within the bone marrow are well characterized in long bones. As for cranial bones, besides bone marrow, the suture mesenchyme has been identified as a unique niche for SSCs/MSCs of craniofacial bones. However, a comprehensive study of the two different cranial stem cell niches at single-cell resolution is still lacking. In addition, during the progression of aging, age-associated changes in cranial stem cell niches and resident cells remain uncovered. In this study, we investigated age-related changes in cranial stem cell niches via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The transcriptomic profiles and cellular compositions have been delineated, indicating alterations of the cranial bone marrow microenvironment influenced by inflammaging. Moreover, we identified a senescent mesenchymal cell subcluster and several age-related immune cell subclusters by reclustering and pseudotime trajectory analysis, which might be closely linked to inflammaging. Finally, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and cell-cell communications were analyzed during aging, revealing potential regulatory factors. Overall, this work highlights the age-related changes in cranial stem cell niches, which deepens the current understanding of cranial bone and suture biology and may provide therapeutic targets for antiaging and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversitySichuanChengduChina
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversitySichuanChengduChina
| | - Bingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversitySichuanChengduChina
| | | | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversitySichuanChengduChina
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversitySichuanChengduChina
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversitySichuanChengduChina
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8
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Rajachandran S, Zhang X, Cao Q, Caldeira-Brant AL, Zhang X, Song Y, Evans M, Bukulmez O, Grow EJ, Nagano M, Orwig KE, Chen H. Dissecting the spermatogonial stem cell niche using spatial transcriptomics. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112737. [PMID: 37393620 PMCID: PMC10530051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the testis support the lifelong production of sperm. SSCs reside within specialized microenvironments called "niches," which are essential for SSC self-renewal and differentiation. However, our understanding of the molecular and cellular interactions between SSCs and niches remains incomplete. Here, we combine spatial transcriptomics, computational analyses, and functional assays to systematically dissect the molecular, cellular, and spatial composition of SSC niches. This allows us to spatially map the ligand-receptor (LR) interaction landscape in both mouse and human testes. Our data demonstrate that pleiotrophin regulates mouse SSC functions through syndecan receptors. We also identify ephrin-A1 as a potential niche factor that influences human SSC functions. Furthermore, we show that the spatial re-distribution of inflammation-related LR interactions underlies diabetes-induced testicular injury. Together, our study demonstrates a systems approach to dissect the complex organization of the stem cell microenvironment in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Rajachandran
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qiqi Cao
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andre L Caldeira-Brant
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiangfan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Youngmin Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Orhan Bukulmez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Grow
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Makoto Nagano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kyle E Orwig
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haiqi Chen
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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9
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Wang B, Shi X, Gao J, Liao R, Fu J, Bai J, Cui H. SCARECROW maintains the stem cell niche in Arabidopsis roots by ensuring telomere integrity. Plant Physiol 2023; 192:1115-1131. [PMID: 36943300 PMCID: PMC10231454 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are the ultimate source of cells for various tissues and organs and thus are essential for postembryonic plant growth and development. SCARECROW (SCR) is a plant-specific transcription regulator well known for its role in stem cell renewal in plant roots, but the mechanism by which SCR exerts this function remains unclear. To address this question, we carried out a genetic screen for mutants that no longer express SCR in the stem cell niche of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots and characterized 1 of these mutants. Molecular genetics methods allowed us to pinpoint the causal mutation in this mutant in TELOMERIC PATHWAYS IN ASSOCIATION WITH STN 1 (TEN1), encoding a factor that protects telomere ends. Interestingly, TEN1 expression was dramatically reduced in the scr mutant. Telomerase and STN1 and CONSERVED TELOMERE MAINTENANCE COMPONENT 1 (CTC1), components of the same protein complex as TEN1, were also dramatically downregulated in scr. Loss of STN1, CTC1, and telomerase caused defects in root stem cells. These results together suggest that SCR maintains root stem cells by promoting expression of genes that ensure genome integrity. Supporting this conclusion, we demonstrated that the scr mutant accumulates more DNA damage than wild-type Arabidopsis and that this problem is aggravated after exposure to zeocin, a DNA damage reagent. Finally, we identified 2 previously uncharacterized motifs in TEN1 and provide evidence that a conserved amino acid residue in 1 of the motifs is indispensable for TEN1 function. SCR thus provides a connection between genome integrity and stem cell maintenance in Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongchang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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10
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Taniguchi K, Igaki T. Sas-Ptp10D shapes germ-line stem cell niche by facilitating JNK-mediated apoptosis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010684. [PMID: 36972315 PMCID: PMC10079222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the stem cell system is supported by a stereotypical shape of the niche structure. In Drosophila ovarian germarium, somatic cap cells form a dish-like niche structure that allows only two or three germ-line stem cells (GSCs) reside in the niche. Despite extensive studies on the mechanism of stem cell maintenance, the mechanisms of how the dish-like niche structure is shaped and how this structure contributes to the stem cell system have been elusive. Here, we show that a transmembrane protein Stranded at second (Sas) and its receptor Protein tyrosine phosphatase 10D (Ptp10D), effectors of axon guidance and cell competition via epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) inhibition, shape the dish-like niche structure by facilitating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated apoptosis. Loss of Sas or Ptp10D in gonadal apical cells, but not in GSCs or cap cells, during the pre-pupal stage results in abnormal shaping of the niche structure in the adult, which allows excessive, four to six GSCs reside in the niche. Mechanistically, loss of Sas-Ptp10D elevates Egfr signaling in the gonadal apical cells, thereby suppressing their naturally-occurring JNK-mediated apoptosis that is essential for the shaping of the dish-like niche structure by neighboring cap cells. Notably, the abnormal niche shape and resulting excessive GSCs lead to diminished egg production. Our data propose a concept that the stereotypical shaping of the niche structure optimizes the stem cell system, thereby maximizing the reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (TI)
| | - Tatsushi Igaki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (TI)
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11
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Wang M, Zhang H, Zhao X, Zhou J, Qin G, Liu Y, Kou X, Zhao Z, Wu T, Zhu JK, Feng X, Li L. SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS81 regulates root meristem activity and stem cell niche maintenance via ROS signaling. Plant Physiol 2023; 191:1365-1382. [PMID: 36427205 PMCID: PMC9922426 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root growth and development depend on continuous cell division and differentiation in root tips. In these processes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role as signaling molecules. However, few ROS signaling regulators have been identified. In this study, we found knockdown of a syntaxin gene, SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS81 in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSYP81) resulted in a severe reduction in root meristem activity and disruption of root stem cell niche (SCN) identity. Subsequently, we found AtSYP81 was highly expressed in roots and localized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Interestingly, the reduced expression of AtSYP81 conferred a decreased number of peroxisomes in root meristem cells, raising a possibility that AtSYP81 regulates root development through peroxisome-mediated ROS production. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that class III peroxidases, which are responsible for intracellular ROS homeostasis, showed significantly changed expression in the atsyp81 mutants and AtSYP81 overexpression lines, adding evidence of the regulatory role of AtSYP81 in ROS signaling. Accordingly, rescuing the decreased ROS level via applying ROS donors effectively restored the defects in root meristem activity and SCN identity in the atsyp81 mutants. APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factors PLETHORA1 and 2 (PLT1 and PLT2) were then established as the downstream effectors in this pathway, while potential crosstalk between ROS signaling and auxin signaling was also indicated. Taken together, our findings suggest that AtSYP81 regulates root meristem activity and maintains root SCN identity by controlling peroxisome- and peroxidase-mediated ROS homeostasis, thus both broadening and deepening our understanding of the biological roles of SNARE proteins and ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoyue Kou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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12
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Willis TL, Lodge EJ, Andoniadou CL, Yianni V. Cellular interactions in the pituitary stem cell niche. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:612. [PMID: 36451046 PMCID: PMC9712314 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells in the anterior pituitary gland can give rise to all resident endocrine cells and are integral components for the appropriate development and subsequent maintenance of the organ. Located in discreet niches within the gland, stem cells are involved in bi-directional signalling with their surrounding neighbours, interactions which underpin pituitary gland homeostasis and response to organ challenge or physiological demand. In this review we highlight core signalling pathways that steer pituitary progenitors towards specific endocrine fate decisions throughout development. We further elaborate on those which are conserved in the stem cell niche postnatally, including WNT, YAP/TAZ and Notch signalling. Furthermore, we have collated a directory of single cell RNA sequencing studies carried out on pituitaries across multiple organisms, which have the potential to provide a vast database to study stem cell niche components in an unbiased manner. Reviewing published data, we highlight that stem cells are one of the main signalling hubs within the anterior pituitary. In future, coupling single cell sequencing approaches with genetic manipulation tools in vivo, will enable elucidation of how previously understudied signalling pathways function within the anterior pituitary stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea L Willis
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily J Lodge
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia L Andoniadou
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Val Yianni
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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13
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Lee V, Rompolas P. Corneal regeneration: insights in epithelial stem cell heterogeneity and dynamics. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 77:101981. [PMID: 36084496 PMCID: PMC9938714 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of slow-cycling cells at the corneal periphery three decades ago established the limbus as the putative corneal stem cell niche. Since then, studies have underscored the importance of the limbal stem cells in maintaining the health and function of the ocular surface. Advancements in our understanding of stem cell biology have been successfully translated into stem cell therapies for corneal diseases. Here, we review recent developments in mouse genetics, intravital imaging, and single-cell genomics that have revealed an underappreciated complexity of the limbal stem cells, from their molecular identity, function, and interactions with their niche environment. Continued efforts to elucidate stem cell dynamics of this extraordinary tissue are critical for not only understanding stem cell biology but also for advancing therapeutic innovation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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14
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Jeong J, Jung I, Kim JH, Jeon S, Hyeon DY, Min H, Kang B, Nah J, Hwang D, Um SJ, Ko M, Seong RH. BAP1 shapes the bone marrow niche for lymphopoiesis by fine-tuning epigenetic profiles in endosteal mesenchymal stromal cells. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2151-2162. [PMID: 35473985 PMCID: PMC9613645 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis occurs within a unique bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, which consists of various niche cells, cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components. These multiple components directly or indirectly regulate the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here we report that BAP1 in BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is critical for the maintenance of HSCs and B lymphopoiesis. Mice lacking BAP1 in MSCs show aberrant differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, impaired B lymphoid differentiation, and expansion of myeloid lineages. Mechanistically, BAP1 loss in distinct endosteal MSCs, expressing PRX1 but not LEPR, leads to aberrant expression of genes affiliated with BM niche functions. BAP1 deficiency leads to a reduced expression of pro-hematopoietic factors such as Scf caused by increased H2AK119-ub1 and H3K27-me3 levels on the promoter region of these genes. On the other hand, the expression of myelopoiesis stimulating factors including Csf3 was increased by enriched H3K4-me3 and H3K27-ac levels on their promoter, causing myeloid skewing. Notably, loss of BAP1 substantially blocks B lymphopoiesis and skews the differentiation of hematopoietic precursors toward myeloid lineages in vitro, which is reversed by G-CSF neutralization. Thus, our study uncovers a key role for BAP1 expressed in endosteal MSCs in controlling normal hematopoiesis in mice by modulating expression of various niche factors governing lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguk Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Shin Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyungyu Min
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Byeonggeun Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Nah
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Myunggon Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Korea.
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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15
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Valet M, Narbonne P. Formation of benign tumors by stem cell deregulation. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010434. [PMID: 36301803 PMCID: PMC9612571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Within living organisms, stem cells respond to various cues, including to niche signals and growth factors. Niche signals originate from the stem cell's microenvironment and promote the undifferentiated state by preventing differentiation, allowing for stem cell self-renewal. On the other hand, growth factors promote stem cell growth and proliferation, while their sources comprise of a systemic input reflecting the animal's nutritional and metabolic status, and a localized, homeostatic feedback signal from the tissue that the stem cells serve. That homeostatic signal prevents unnecessary stem cell proliferation when the corresponding differentiated tissues already have optimal cell contents. Here, we recapitulate progresses made in our understanding of in vivo stem cell regulation, largely using simple models, and draw the conclusion that 2 types of stem cell deregulations can provoke the formation of benign tumors. Namely, constitutive niche signaling promotes the formation of undifferentiated "stem cell" tumors, while defective homeostatic signaling leads to the formation of differentiated tumors. Finally, we provide evidence that these general principles may be conserved in mammals and as such, may underlie benign tumor formation in humans, while benign tumors can evolve into cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Valet
- Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Narbonne
- Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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Mercadal J, Betegón-Putze I, Bosch N, Caño-Delgado AI, Ibañes M. BRAVO self-confined expression through WOX5 in the Arabidopsis root stem-cell niche. Development 2022; 149:dev200510. [PMID: 35899779 PMCID: PMC9440757 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In animals and plants, stem-cell niches are local microenvironments that are tightly regulated to preserve their unique identity while communicating with adjacent cells that will give rise to specialized cell types. In the primary root of Arabidopsis thaliana, two transcription factors, BRAVO and WOX5, among others, are expressed in the stem-cell niche. Intriguingly, BRAVO, a repressor of quiescent center divisions, confines its own gene expression to the stem-cell niche, as evidenced in a bravo mutant background. Here, we propose through mathematical modeling that BRAVO confines its own expression domain to the stem-cell niche by attenuating a WOX5-dependent diffusible activator of BRAVO. This negative feedback drives WOX5 activity to be spatially restricted as well. The results show that WOX5 diffusion and sequestration by binding to BRAVO are sufficient to drive the experimentally observed confined BRAVO expression at the stem-cell niche. We propose that the attenuation of a diffusible activator can be a general mechanism acting at other stem-cell niches to spatially confine genetic activity to a small region while maintaining signaling within them and with the surrounding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mercadal
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Betegón-Putze
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadja Bosch
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I. Caño-Delgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ibañes
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Abstract
In warm-blooded vertebrate embryos (mammals and birds), the axial tissues of the body form from a growth zone at the tail end, Hensen's node, which generates neural, mesodermal, and endodermal structures along the midline. While most cells only pass through this region, the node has been suggested to contain a small population of resident stem cells. However, it is unknown whether the rest of the node constitutes an instructive niche that specifies this self-renewal behavior. Here, we use heterotopic transplantation of groups and single cells and show that cells not destined to enter the node can become resident and self-renew. Long-term resident cells are restricted to the posterior part of the node and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals that the majority of these resident cells preferentially express G2/M phase cell-cycle-related genes. These results provide strong evidence that the node functions as a niche to maintain self-renewal of axial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Solovieva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui-Chun Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Moverley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Proteos, Singapore
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Proteos, Singapore
| | - Claudio D Stern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom;
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18
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Tseng CY, Burel M, Cammer M, Harsh S, Flaherty MS, Baumgartner S, Bach EA. chinmo-mutant spermatogonial stem cells cause mitotic drive by evicting non-mutant neighbors from the niche. Dev Cell 2022; 57:80-94.e7. [PMID: 34942115 PMCID: PMC8752517 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Niches maintain a finite pool of stem cells via restricted space and short-range signals. Stem cells compete for limited niche resources, but the mechanisms regulating competition are poorly understood. Using the Drosophila testis model, we show that germline stem cells (GSCs) lacking the transcription factor Chinmo gain a competitive advantage for niche access. Surprisingly, chinmo-/- GSCs rely on a new mechanism of competition in which they secrete the extracellular matrix protein Perlecan to selectively evict non-mutant GSCs and then upregulate Perlecan-binding proteins to remain in the altered niche. Over time, the GSC pool can be entirely replaced with chinmo-/- cells. As a consequence, the mutant chinmo allele acts as a gene drive element; the majority of offspring inherit the allele despite the heterozygous genotype of the parent. Our results suggest that the influence of GSC competition may extend beyond individual stem cell niche dynamics to population-level allelic drift and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Burel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- DART Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sneh Harsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maria Sol Flaherty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Baumgartner
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lunds Universitet, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Erika A Bach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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19
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Yuen AC, Hillion KH, Wang R, Amoyel M. Germ cells commit somatic stem cells to differentiation following priming by PI3K/Tor activity in the Drosophila testis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009609. [PMID: 34898607 PMCID: PMC8699969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
How and when potential becomes restricted in differentiating stem cell daughters is poorly understood. While it is thought that signals from the niche are actively required to prevent differentiation, another model proposes that stem cells can reversibly transit between multiple states, some of which are primed, but not committed, to differentiate. In the Drosophila testis, somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs) generate cyst cells, which encapsulate the germline to support its development. We find that CySCs are maintained independently of niche self-renewal signals if activity of the PI3K/Tor pathway is inhibited. Conversely, PI3K/Tor is not sufficient alone to drive differentiation, suggesting that it acts to license cells for differentiation. Indeed, we find that the germline is required for differentiation of CySCs in response to PI3K/Tor elevation, indicating that final commitment to differentiation involves several steps and intercellular communication. We propose that CySC daughter cells are plastic, that their fate depends on the availability of neighbouring germ cells, and that PI3K/Tor acts to induce a primed state for CySC daughters to enable coordinated differentiation with the germline. Stem cells are unique in their ability to regenerate adult tissues by dividing to provide new stem cells, a process called self-renewal, and cells that will differentiate and maintain tissue function. How and when the daughters that differentiate lose the ability to self-renew is still poorly understood. Self-renewal depends on signals that are provided by the supportive micro-environment, or niche, in which the stem cells reside. It was assumed that simply losing access to this environment and the signals it provides was sufficient to direct differentiation. Here we use the Drosophila testis as a model to show that this is not the case. Instead, differentiation must be actively induced by signalling, and stem cells deprived of all signals can be maintained. Studying the relative timings of the various inputs into differentiation leads us to propose that a series of events ensure appropriate differentiation. First, stem cells receive differentiation-inducing signals that promote a permissive, or primed, state which is reversible and does not preclude self-renewal. The final commitment comes from interacting with other cells in the tissue, ensuring that differentiation always occurs in a coordinated manner among the different cell types composing this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C. Yuen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenzo-Hugo Hillion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruoxu Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Amoyel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Duraiswamy J, Turrini R, Minasyan A, Barras D, Crespo I, Grimm AJ, Casado J, Genolet R, Benedetti F, Wicky A, Ioannidou K, Castro W, Neal C, Moriot A, Renaud-Tissot S, Anstett V, Fahr N, Tanyi JL, Eiva MA, Jacobson CA, Montone KT, Westergaard MCW, Svane IM, Kandalaft LE, Delorenzi M, Sorger PK, Färkkilä A, Michielin O, Zoete V, Carmona SJ, Foukas PG, Powell DJ, Rusakiewicz S, Doucey MA, Dangaj Laniti D, Coukos G. Myeloid antigen-presenting cell niches sustain antitumor T cells and license PD-1 blockade via CD28 costimulation. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1623-1642.e20. [PMID: 34739845 PMCID: PMC8861565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and responsiveness to PD-1 blockade remain partly unknown. In human ovarian cancer, we show that tumor-specific CD8+ TIL accumulate in tumor islets, where they engage antigen and upregulate PD-1, which restrains their functions. Intraepithelial PD-1+CD8+ TIL can be, however, polyfunctional. PD-1+ TIL indeed exhibit a continuum of exhaustion states, with variable levels of CD28 costimulation, which is provided by antigen-presenting cells (APC) in intraepithelial tumor myeloid niches. CD28 costimulation is associated with improved effector fitness of exhausted CD8+ TIL and is required for their activation upon PD-1 blockade, which also requires tumor myeloid APC. Exhausted TIL lacking proper CD28 costimulation in situ fail to respond to PD-1 blockade, and their response may be rescued by local CTLA-4 blockade and tumor APC stimulation via CD40L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaikumar Duraiswamy
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Riccardo Turrini
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aspram Minasyan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alizée J Grimm
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Casado
- Research Program of Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Benedetti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Wicky
- Center for Precision Oncology, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kalliopi Ioannidou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wilson Castro
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Neal
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Moriot
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Renaud-Tissot
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor Anstett
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Fahr
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janos L Tanyi
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monika A Eiva
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Connor A Jacobson
- Harvard Ludwig Center, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, UNIL, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Harvard Ludwig Center, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Research Program of Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Center for Precision Oncology, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santiago J Carmona
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Periklis G Foukas
- 2nd Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Agnès Doucey
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj Laniti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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21
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Tatapudy S, Peralta J, Nystul T. Distinct roles of Bendless in regulating FSC niche competition and daughter cell differentiation. Development 2021; 148:dev199630. [PMID: 35020878 PMCID: PMC8645206 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
A major goal in the study of adult stem cells is to understand how cell fates are specified at the proper time and place to facilitate tissue homeostasis. Here, we found that an E2 ubiquitin ligase, Bendless (Ben), has multiple roles in the Drosophila ovarian epithelial follicle stem cell (FSC) lineage. First, Ben is part of the JNK signaling pathway, and we found that it, as well as other JNK pathway genes, are essential for differentiation of FSC daughter cells. Our data suggest that JNK signaling promotes differentiation by suppressing the activation of the EGFR effector, ERK. Also, we found that loss of ben, but not the JNK kinase hemipterous, resulted in an upregulation of hedgehog signaling, increased proliferation and increased niche competition. Lastly, we demonstrate that the hypercompetition phenotype caused by loss of ben is suppressed by decreasing the rate of proliferation or knockdown of the hedgehog pathway effector, Smoothened (Smo). Taken together, our findings reveal a new layer of regulation in which a single gene influences cell signaling at multiple stages of differentiation in the early FSC lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd Nystul
- Department of Anatomy and Department of OB/Gyn-RS, University of California, San Francisco, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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22
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Yum MK, Han S, Fink J, Wu SHS, Dabrowska C, Trendafilova T, Mustata R, Chatzeli L, Azzarelli R, Pshenichnaya I, Lee E, England F, Kim JK, Stange DE, Philpott A, Lee JH, Koo BK, Simons BD. Tracing oncogene-driven remodelling of the intestinal stem cell niche. Nature 2021; 594:442-447. [PMID: 34079126 PMCID: PMC7614896 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment contribute to tumour progression, metastasis and recurrence1-3. Although mosaic analyses in Drosophila have advanced our understanding of such interactions4,5, it has been difficult to engineer parallel approaches in vertebrates. Here we present an oncogene-associated, multicolour reporter mouse model-the Red2Onco system-that allows differential tracing of mutant and wild-type cells in the same tissue. By applying this system to the small intestine, we show that oncogene-expressing mutant crypts alter the cellular organization of neighbouring wild-type crypts, thereby driving accelerated clonal drift. Crypts that express oncogenic KRAS or PI3K secrete BMP ligands that suppress local stem cell activity, while changes in PDGFRloCD81+ stromal cells induced by crypts with oncogenic PI3K alter the WNT signalling environment. Together, these results show how oncogene-driven paracrine remodelling creates a niche environment that is detrimental to the maintenance of wild-type tissue, promoting field transformation dominated by oncogenic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Yum
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seungmin Han
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juergen Fink
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Szu-Hsien Sam Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School at the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine Dabrowska
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teodora Trendafilova
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roxana Mustata
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lemonia Chatzeli
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roberta Azzarelli
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irina Pshenichnaya
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eunmin Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Frances England
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Daniel E Stange
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Philpott
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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23
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Zhou H, Whitworth C, Pozmanter C, Neville MC, Van Doren M. Doublesex regulates fruitless expression to promote sexual dimorphism of the gonad stem cell niche. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009468. [PMID: 33788836 PMCID: PMC8041189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublesex (Dsx) and Fruitless (Fru) are the two downstream transcription factors that actuate Drosophila sex determination. While Dsx assists Fru to regulate sex-specific behavior, whether Fru collaborates with Dsx in regulating other aspects of sexual dimorphism remains unknown. One important aspect of sexual dimorphism is found in the gonad stem cell (GSC) niches, where male and female GSCs are regulated to create large numbers of sperm and eggs. Here we report that Fru is expressed male-specifically in the GSC niche and plays important roles in the development and maintenance of these cells. Unlike previously-studied aspects of sex-specific Fru expression, which are regulated by Transformer (Tra)-mediated alternative splicing, we show that male-specific expression of fru in the gonad is regulated downstream of dsx, and is independent of tra. fru genetically interacts with dsx to support maintenance of the niche throughout development. Ectopic expression of fru inhibited female niche formation and partially masculinized the ovary. fru is also required autonomously for cyst stem cell maintenance and cyst cell survival. Finally, we identified a conserved Dsx binding site upstream of fru promoter P4 that regulates fru expression in the niche, indicating that fru is likely a direct target for transcriptional regulation by Dsx. These findings demonstrate that fru acts outside the nervous system to influence sexual dimorphism and reveal a new mechanism for regulating sex-specific expression of fru that is regulated at the transcriptional level by Dsx, rather than by alternative splicing by Tra. In animals, the process of sex determination controls the development of sexual dimorphism—the differences in appearance, physiology and behavior observed between males and females of a species. These differences are important for key functions such as sexual reproduction, and also influence other characteristics such as sex-specific disease progression. An important family of transcription factors, the Doublesex, mab-3 Related Transcription factors (DMRTs) control sex-specific development, particularly in the gonads, in most or all animals where they have been studied. Thus, an essential question in biology is how do the DMRTs control sex-specific development? In Drosophila, another set of transcription factors, encoded by the fruitless (fru) gene, controls sex-specific development of the nervous system and is thought to be regulated independently of the Drosophila DMRT Doublesex (Dsx). Here we present two important changes to our thinking about sexual development: 1) fru also acts to control sex-specific development outside the nervous system (in the gonad) and 2) sex-specific fru expression can be regulated by Dsx, in addition to its Dsx-independent regulation, providing a new mechanism for fru regulation that may be broadly utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Cale Whitworth
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Pozmanter
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Megan C. Neville
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Van Doren
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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de Miguel-Gómez L, López-Martínez S, Francés-Herrero E, Rodríguez-Eguren A, Pellicer A, Cervelló I. Stem Cells and the Endometrium: From the Discovery of Adult Stem Cells to Pre-Clinical Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030595. [PMID: 33800355 PMCID: PMC7998473 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) were long suspected to exist in the endometrium. Indeed, several types of endometrial ASCs were identified in rodents and humans through diverse isolation and characterization techniques. Putative stromal and epithelial stem cell niches were identified in murine models using label-retention techniques. In humans, functional methods (clonogenicity, long-term culture, and multi-lineage differentiation assays) and stem cell markers (CD146, SUSD2/W5C5, LGR5, NTPDase2, SSEA-1, or N-cadherin) facilitated the identification of three main types of endogenous endometrial ASCs: stromal, epithelial progenitor, and endothelial stem cells. Further, exogenous populations of stem cells derived from bone marrow may act as key effectors of the endometrial ASC niche. These findings are promoting the development of stem cell therapies for endometrial pathologies, with an evolution towards paracrine approaches. At the same time, promising therapeutic alternatives based on bioengineering have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía de Miguel-Gómez
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Sara López-Martínez
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Emilio Francés-Herrero
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Adolfo Rodríguez-Eguren
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- IVIRMA Rome Parioli, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Cervelló
- IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.d.M.-G.); (S.L.-M.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-903-305
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25
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Mazurkiewicz J, Simiczyjew A, Dratkiewicz E, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. Stromal Cells Present in the Melanoma Niche Affect Tumor Invasiveness and Its Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E529. [PMID: 33430277 PMCID: PMC7825728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic type of cancer, which arises frequently from transformed pigment cells and melanocytes as a result of long-term UV radiation exposure. In recent years, the incidence of newly diagnosed melanoma patients reached 5% of all cancer cases. Despite the development of novel targeted therapies directed against melanoma-specific markers, patients' response to treatment is often weak or short-term due to a rapid acquisition of drug resistance. Among the factors affecting therapy effectiveness, elements of the tumor microenvironment play a major role. Melanoma niche encompasses adjacent cells, such as keratinocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes, and immune cells, as well as components of the extracellular matrix and tumor-specific physicochemical properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the influence of cancer-associated cells (keratinocytes, CAFs, adipocytes) on the process of melanomagenesis, tumor progression, invasiveness, and the emergence of drug resistance in melanoma. We also address how melanoma can alter the differentiation and activation status of cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these complex interactions between malignant and cancer-associated cells could improve the development of effective antitumor therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
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26
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Guo W, Wu C. Detection of Hypoxic Regions in the Bone Microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2230:345-356. [PMID: 33197024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen serves as a critical environmental factor essential for maintaining the physiological state of a tissue. Hypoxia, or low oxygen, triggers a cascade of events which allows for cells to adapt to low oxygen tensions and to facilitate oxygen delivery required to maintain tissue homeostasis. In the bone microenvironment (BME), vascular heterogeneity, poor perfusion rates of blood vessels, and high metabolic activity of hematopoietic cells result in the generation of a unique hypoxic landscape. Importantly, in this region, hypoxia and its downstream effectors are associated with establishing stem cell niches and regulating the differentiation of committed progenitors. Given the functional importance of the hypoxic bone niche, visualizing regions of hypoxia may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms that regulate tissue homeostasis. Here, we describe the utilization of the nitroimidazole derivative, pimonidazole, to detect hypoxic regions within the BME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Colleen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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27
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Chen H, Miao Y, Wang K, Bayer M. Zygotic Embryogenesis in Flowering Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2288:73-88. [PMID: 34270005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1335-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In the context of plant regeneration, in vitro systems to produce embryos are frequently used. In many of these protocols, nonzygotic embryos are initiated that will produce shoot-like structures but may lack a primary root. By increasing the auxin-to-cytokinin ratio in the growth medium, roots are then regenerated in a second step. Therefore, in vitro systems might not or only partially execute a similar developmental program as employed during zygotic embryogenesis. There are, however, in vitro systems that can remarkably mimic zygotic embryogenesis such as Brassica microspore-derived embryos. In this case, the patterning process of these haploid embryos closely follows zygotic embryogenesis and all fundamental tissue types are generated in a rather similar manner. In this review, we discuss the most fundamental molecular events during early zygotic embryogenesis and hope that this brief summary can serve as a reference for studying and developing in vitro embryogenesis systems in the context of doubled haploid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houming Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yingjing Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Bayer
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany.
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28
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Haltalli MLR, Watcham S, Wilson NK, Eilers K, Lipien A, Ang H, Birch F, Anton SG, Pirillo C, Ruivo N, Vainieri ML, Pospori C, Sinden RE, Luis TC, Langhorne J, Duffy KR, Göttgens B, Blagborough AM, Lo Celso C. Manipulating niche composition limits damage to haematopoietic stem cells during Plasmodium infection. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1399-1410. [PMID: 33230302 PMCID: PMC7611033 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe infections are a major stress on haematopoiesis, where the consequences for haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have only recently started to emerge. HSC function critically depends on the integrity of complex bone marrow (BM) niches; however, what role the BM microenvironment plays in mediating the effects of infection on HSCs remains an open question. Here, using a murine model of malaria and combining single-cell RNA sequencing, mathematical modelling, transplantation assays and intravital microscopy, we show that haematopoiesis is reprogrammed upon infection, whereby the HSC compartment turns over substantially faster than at steady-state and HSC function is drastically affected. Interferon is found to affect both haematopoietic and mesenchymal BM cells and we specifically identify a dramatic loss of osteoblasts and alterations in endothelial cell function. Osteo-active parathyroid hormone treatment abolishes infection-triggered HSC proliferation and-coupled with reactive oxygen species quenching-enables partial rescuing of HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam L R Haltalli
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Watcham
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kira Eilers
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Lipien
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Heather Ang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Flora Birch
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sara Gonzalez Anton
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chiara Pirillo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicola Ruivo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria L Vainieri
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- AO Research Institute, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Constandina Pospori
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Robert E Sinden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago C Luis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ken R Duffy
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Miscopein Saler L, Hauser V, Bartoletti M, Mallart C, Malartre M, Lebrun L, Pret AM, Théodore L, Chalvet F, Netter S. The Bric-à-Brac BTB/POZ transcription factors are necessary in niche cells for germline stem cells establishment and homeostasis through control of BMP/DPP signaling in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009128. [PMID: 33151937 PMCID: PMC7643948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the mechanisms of stem cell maintenance via their interaction with a particular niche or microenvironment in adult tissues, but how formation of a functional niche is initiated, including how stem cells within a niche are established, is less well understood. Adult Drosophila melanogaster ovary Germline Stem Cell (GSC) niches are comprised of somatic cells forming a stack called a Terminal Filament (TF) and associated Cap and Escort Cells (CCs and ECs, respectively), which are in direct contact with GSCs. In the adult ovary, the transcription factor Engrailed is specifically expressed in niche cells where it directly controls expression of the decapentaplegic (dpp) gene encoding a member of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) family of secreted signaling molecules, which are key factors for GSC maintenance. In larval ovaries, in response to BMP signaling from newly formed niches, adjacent primordial germ cells become GSCs. The bric-à-brac paralogs (bab1 and bab2) encode BTB/POZ domain-containing transcription factors that are expressed in developing niches of larval ovaries. We show here that their functions are necessary specifically within precursor cells for TF formation during these stages. We also identify a new function for Bab1 and Bab2 within developing niches for GSC establishment in the larval ovary and for robust GSC maintenance in the adult. Moreover, we show that the presence of Bab proteins in niche cells is necessary for activation of transgenes reporting dpp expression as of larval stages in otherwise correctly specified Cap Cells, independently of Engrailed and its paralog Invected (En/Inv). Moreover, strong reduction of engrailed/invected expression during larval stages does not impair TF formation and only partially reduces GSC numbers. In the adult ovary, Bab proteins are also required for dpp reporter expression in CCs. Finally, when bab2 was overexpressed at this stage in somatic cells outside of the niche, there were no detectable levels of ectopic En/Inv, but ectopic expression of a dpp transgene was found in these cells and BMP signaling activation was induced in adjacent germ cells, which produced GSC-like tumors. Together, these results indicate that Bab transcription factors are positive regulators of BMP signaling in niche cells for establishment and homeostasis of GSCs in the Drosophila ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Miscopein Saler
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Virginie Hauser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathieu Bartoletti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charlotte Mallart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marianne Malartre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laura Lebrun
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anne-Marie Pret
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurent Théodore
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabienne Chalvet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Netter
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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30
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Ma C, Witkowski MT, Harris J, Dolgalev I, Sreeram S, Qian W, Tong J, Chen X, Aifantis I, Chen W. Leukemia-on-a-chip: Dissecting the chemoresistance mechanisms in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia bone marrow niche. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba5536. [PMID: 33127669 PMCID: PMC7608809 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) blasts hijack the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment to form chemoprotective leukemic BM "niches," facilitating chemoresistance and, ultimately, disease relapse. However, the ability to dissect these evolving, heterogeneous interactions among distinct B-ALL subtypes and their varying BM niches is limited with current in vivo methods. Here, we demonstrated an in vitro organotypic "leukemia-on-a-chip" model to emulate the in vivo B-ALL BM pathology and comparatively studied the spatial and genetic heterogeneity of the BM niche in regulating B-ALL chemotherapy resistance. We revealed the heterogeneous chemoresistance mechanisms across various B-ALL cell lines and patient-derived samples. We showed that the leukemic perivascular, endosteal, and hematopoietic niche-derived factors maintain B-ALL survival and quiescence (e.g., CXCL12 cytokine signal, VCAM-1/OPN adhesive signals, and enhanced downstream leukemia-intrinsic NF-κB pathway). Furthermore, we demonstrated the preclinical use of our model to test niche-cotargeting regimens, which may translate to patient-specific therapy screening and response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Matthew T Witkowski
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jacob Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sheetal Sreeram
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Jie Tong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
Much interest has been directed towards stem cells, both in basic and translational research, to understand basic stem cell biology and to develop new therapies for many disorders. In general, stem cells can be cultured with relative ease, however, most common culture methods for stem cells employ 2D techniques using plastic. These cultures do not well represent the stem cell niches in the body, which are delicate microenvironments composed of not only stem cells, but also supporting stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and growth factors. Therefore, researchers and clinicians have been seeking optimal stem cell preparations for basic research and clinical applications, and these might be attainable through 3D culture of stem cells. The 3D cultures recapitulate the in vivo cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions more effectively, and the cells in 3D cultures exhibit many unique and desirable characteristics. The culture of stem cells in 3D may employ various matrices or scaffolds, in addition to the cells, to support the complex structures. The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together recent research on 3D cultures of various stem cells to increase the basic understanding of stem cells and culture techniques, and also highlight stem cell preparations for possible novel therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni H Ylostalo
- Department of Biology, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, 900 College Street, Box 8432., Belton, TX 76513, USA
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Gilchrist AE, Harley BA. Connecting secretome to hematopoietic stem cell phenotype shifts in an engineered bone marrow niche. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:175-187. [PMID: 32556172 PMCID: PMC7384206 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) primarily reside in the bone marrow, where they receive external cues from their local microenvironment. The complex milieu of biophysical cues, cellular components and cell-secreted factors regulates the process by which HSC produce the blood and immune system. We previously showed direct coculture of primary murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with a population of marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal and progenitor cells (MSPCs) in a methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel improves hematopoietic progenitor maintenance. However, the mechanism by which MSPCs influenced HSC fate decisions remained unknown. Herein, we report the use of proteomic analysis to correlate HSC phenotype to a broad candidate pool of 200 soluble factors produced by combined mesenchymal and hematopoietic progeny. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), along with an iterative filter method, identified TGFβ-1, MMP-3, c-RP and TROY as positively correlated with HSC maintenance. Experimentally, we then observe exogenous stimulation of HSC monocultures in GelMA hydrogels with these combined cytokines increases the ratio of hematopoietic progenitors to committed progeny after a 7-day culture 7.52 ± 3.65-fold compared to non-stimulated monocultures. Findings suggest a cocktail of the downselected cytokines amplifies hematopoietic maintenance potential of HSCs beyond that of MSPC-secreted factors alone. This work integrates empirical and computation methods to identify cytokine combinations to improve HSC maintenance within an engineered HSC niche, suggesting a route toward identifying feeder-free culture platforms for HSC expansion. Insight Hematopoietic stem cells within an artificial niche receive maintenance cues in the form of soluble factors from hematopoietic and mesenchymal progeny. Applying a proteomic regression analysis, we identify a reduced set of soluble factors correlated to maintenance of a hematopoietic phenotype during culture in a biomaterial model of the bone marrow niche. We identify a minimum factor cocktail that promotes hematopoietic maintenance potential in a gelatin-based culture, regardless of the presence of mesenchymal feeder cells. By combining empirical and computational methods, we report an experimentally feasible number of factors from a large dataset, enabling exogenous integration of soluble factors into an engineered hematopoietic stem cell for enhanced maintenance potential of a quiescent stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Xu M, Gu X, Liang N, Bian X, Wang H, Qin Y, Pi L, Wu S. Intersected functional zone of transcriptional regulators patterns stemness within stem cell niche of root apical meristem. J Integr Plant Biol 2020; 62:897-911. [PMID: 31638324 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root stem cell niche (SCN) consists of a quiescent center (QC) and surrounding stem cells. Disrupted symplastic communication leads to loss of stemness in the whole SCN. Several SCN regulators were reported to move between cells for SCN maintenance. However, single mutant of these regulators is insufficient to abolish QC stemness despite the high differentiation rate in surrounding stem cells. To dissect the mechanism behind such distinct stemness in SCN, we combined the mis-expression strategy with pWOX5:icals3m system in which QC is symplastically isolated. We found the starch accumulation in QC could be synergistically repressed by WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), SHORT-ROOT (SHR), SCARCROW (SCR), and PLETHORA (PLT). Like PLTs, other core regulators also exhibited dimorphic functions by inhibiting differentiation at a higher dose while promoting cell division at a low protein level. Being located in the center of the intersected expression zones, QC cells receive the highest level of core regulators, forming the most robust stemness within SCN. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 was sufficient to activate PLT1/2 expression, contributing to the QC-enriched PLTs. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting the long-standing hypothesis that the combination of spatial expression, synergistic function and dosage effect of core regulators result in spatially distinct stemness in SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Nengsong Liang
- College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Bian
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Limin Pi
- Institute of Advanced studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of germline mutations as they contribute to leukemia development and progression. We also discuss how these new insights may help improve clinical management of germline mutations associated with leukemia. RECENT FINDINGS Germline mutations may represent important initial mutations in the development of leukemia where interaction with somatic mutations provide further hits in leukemic progression. In addition, germline mutations may also contribute to leukemogenesis by impacting bone marrow stem-cell microenvironment and immune cell development and function. SUMMARY Leukemia is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant cells secondary to somatic or germline mutations in a variety of genes. Understanding somatic mutations that drive leukemogenesis has drastically improved our knowledge of leukemia biology and led to novel therapeutic strategies. Advances have also been made in identifying germline mutations that may affect leukemic development and progression. This review will discuss the biological and clinical relationship of germline mutations with clonal hematopoiesis, bone marrow microenvironment, and immunity in the progression of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chen
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rafi Kazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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35
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Ribeiro P, Leitão L, Monteiro AC, Bortolin A, Moura B, Lamghari M, Neto E. Microfluidic-based models to address the bone marrow metastatic niche complexity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:27-36. [PMID: 32513499 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a preferential metastatic site for solid cancers, contributing to higher morbidity and mortality among millions of oncologic patients worldwide. There are no current efficient therapies to minimize this health burden. Microfluidic based in vitro models emerge as powerful alternatives to animal testing, as well as promising tools for the development of personalized medicine solutions. The complexity associated with the BM metastatic niche originated a wide variety of microfluidic platforms designed to mimic this microenvironment. This review gathers the essential parameters to design an accurate in vitro microfluidic device, based on a comparative analysis of existing models created to address the different steps of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Leitão
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Bortolin
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Moura
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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36
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Adams KL, Riparini G, Banerjee P, Breur M, Bugiani M, Gallo V. Endothelin-1 signaling maintains glial progenitor proliferation in the postnatal subventricular zone. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2138. [PMID: 32358570 PMCID: PMC7195367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling molecules that regulate neurodevelopmental processes in the early postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ) are critical for proper brain development yet remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a molecular component of the postnatal SVZ, promotes radial glial cell maintenance and proliferation in an autocrine manner via Notch signaling. Loss of ET-1 signaling increases neurogenesis and reduces oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation (OPC) in the developing SVZ, thereby altering cellular output of the stem cell niche. We also show that ET-1 is required for increased neural stem cell and OPC proliferation in the adult mouse SVZ following demyelination. Lastly, high levels of ET-1 in the SVZ of patients with Cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy correlate with an increased number of SVZ OPCs, suggesting ET-1's role as a regulator of glial progenitor proliferation may be conserved in humans. ET-1 signaling therefore presents a potential new therapeutic target for promoting SVZ-mediated cellular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Adams
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Giulia Riparini
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Payal Banerjee
- Children's National Research Institute Bioinformatics Unit, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
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37
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Semba T, Sammons R, Wang X, Xie X, Dalby KN, Ueno NT. JNK Signaling in Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2613. [PMID: 32283767 PMCID: PMC7177258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C-JUN N-terminal kinases (JNKs), which belong to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, are evolutionarily conserved kinases that mediate cell responses to various types of extracellular stress insults. They regulate physiological processes such as embryonic development and tissue regeneration, playing roles in cell proliferation and programmed cell death. JNK signaling is also involved in tumorigenesis and progression of several types of malignancies. Recent studies have shown that JNK signaling has crucial roles in regulating the traits of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here we describe the functions of the JNK signaling pathway in self-renewal and differentiation, which are essential features of various types of stem cells, such as embryonic, induced pluripotent, and adult tissue-specific stem cells. We also review current knowledge of JNK signaling in CSCs and discuss its role in maintaining the CSC phenotype. A better understanding of JNK signaling as an essential regulator of stemness may provide a basis for the development of regenerative medicine and new therapeutic strategies against malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Semba
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.S.); (X.W.); (X.X.)
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Sammons
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (R.S.); (K.N.D.)
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.S.); (X.W.); (X.X.)
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.S.); (X.W.); (X.X.)
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (R.S.); (K.N.D.)
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Naoto T. Ueno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.S.); (X.W.); (X.X.)
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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38
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Brown G. Towards a New Understanding of Decision-Making by Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072362. [PMID: 32235353 PMCID: PMC7178065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells within the hematopoietic stem cell compartment selectively express receptors for cytokines that have a lineage(s) specific role; they include erythropoietin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the ligand for the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3. These hematopoietic cytokines can instruct the lineage fate of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in addition to ensuring the survival and proliferation of cells that belong to a particular cell lineage(s). Expression of the receptors for macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is positively autoregulated and the presence of the cytokine is therefore likely to enforce a lineage bias within hematopoietic stem cells that express these receptors. In addition to the above roles, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor are powerful chemoattractants. The multiple roles of some hematopoietic cytokines leads us towards modelling hematopoietic stem cell decision-making whereby these cells can 'choose' just one lineage fate and migrate to a niche that both reinforces the fate and guarantees the survival and expansion of cells as they develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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39
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Ornelas-Ayala D, Vega-León R, Petrone-Mendoza E, Garay-Arroyo A, García-Ponce B, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Sanchez MDLP. ULTRAPETALA1 maintains Arabidopsis root stem cell niche independently of ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1. New Phytol 2020; 225:1261-1272. [PMID: 31545512 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During plant development, morphogenetic processes rely on the activity of meristems. Meristem homeostasis depends on a complex regulatory network constituted by different factors and hormone signaling that regulate gene expression to coordinate the correct balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. ULTRAPETALA1, a transcriptional regulatory protein described as an Arabidopsis Trithorax group factor, has been characterized as a regulator of the shoot and floral meristems activity. Here, we highlight the role of ULTRAPETALA1 in root stem cell niche maintenance. We found that ULTRAPETALA1 is required to regulate both the quiescent center cell division rate and auxin signaling at the root tip. Furthermore, ULTRAPETALA1 regulates columella stem cell differentiation. These roles are independent of the ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1, suggesting a different mechanism by which ULTRAPETALA1 can act in the root apical meristem of Arabidopsis. This work introduces a new component of the regulatory network needed for the root stem cell niche maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ornelas-Ayala
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Rosario Vega-León
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Emilio Petrone-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
| | - María de la Paz Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMex, 04510, Mexico
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40
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Abstract
Tissue engineering by self-assembly allows for the formation of living tissue substitutes, using the cells' innate capability to produce and deposit tissue-specific extracellular matrix. However, in order to develop extracellular matrix-rich implantable devices, prolonged culture time is required in traditionally utilized dilute ex vivo microenvironments. Macromolecular crowding, by imitating the in vivo tissue density, dramatically accelerates biological processes, resulting in enhanced and accelerated extracellular matrix deposition. Herein, we describe the ex vivo formation of corneal stromal-like assemblies using human corneal fibroblasts and macromolecular crowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gürdal
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülinnaz Ercan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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41
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Bryniarska N, Kubiak A, Łabędź-Masłowska A, Zuba-Surma E. Impact of developmental origin, niche mechanics and oxygen availability on osteogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Acta Biochim Pol 2019; 66:491-498. [PMID: 31883439 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2019_2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been widely considered as a promising source of cells for tissue regeneration. Among other stem cells, they are characterized by a high osteogenic potential. Intensive studies in this field had shown that even if basic osteogenic differentiation is relatively simple, its clinical application requires more sophisticated approaches to prepare effective and safe cell therapy products. The aim of this review is to underline biological, physical and chemical factors which play a crucial role in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Existence of two distinct mechanisms of ossification (intramembranous and endochondral) indicate that choosing a proper source of MSCs may be critical for successful regeneration of a particular bone type. In this context, Dental Pulp Stem Cells representing a group of MSCs and originating from neural crest ( a structure responsible for development of cranial bones) are considered as the most promising for skull bone defect repair. Factors which facilitate osteogenic differentiation of MSCs include changes in forces exerted on cells during development. Thus, culturing of cells in hydrogels or on biocompatible three-dimensional scaffolds improves osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by both, the mechanotransductive and chemical impact on cells. Moreover, atmospheric oxygen concentration routinely used for cell cultures in vitro does not correspond to lower oxygen concentration present in stem cell niches. A decrease in oxygen concentration allows to create more physiological cell culture conditions, mimicking the ones in stem cell niches, which promote the MSCs stemness. Altogether, factors discussed in this review provide exciting opportunities to boost MSCs propagation and osteogenic differentiation which is crucial for successful clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bryniarska
- 1Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland; 2Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kubiak
- 1Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland; 2Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Łabędź-Masłowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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42
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Hsu HJ, Bahader M, Lai CM. Molecular control of the female germline stem cell niche size in Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4309-4317. [PMID: 31300869 PMCID: PMC11105562 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells have a unique capacity to renew themselves and generate differentiated cells that are needed in the body. These cells are recruited and maintained by the surrounding microenvironment, known as the stem cell niche, during organ development. Thus, the stem cell niche is required for proper tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation is associated with tumorigenesis and tissue degeneration. The identification of niche components and the mechanisms that regulate niche establishment and maintenance, however, are just beginning to be uncovered. Germline stem cells (GSCs) of the Drosophila ovary provide an excellent model for studying the stem cell niche in vivo because of their well-characterized cell biology and the availability of genetic tools. In this review, we introduce the ovarian GSC niche, and the key signaling pathways for niche precursor segregation, niche specification, and niche extracellular environment establishment and niche maintenance that are involved in regulating niche size during development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Jan Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Majid Bahader
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Lai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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43
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Saçma M, Pospiech J, Bogeska R, de Back W, Mallm JP, Sakk V, Soller K, Marka G, Vollmer A, Karns R, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Trumpp A, Méndez-Ferrer S, Milsom MD, Mulaw MA, Geiger H, Florian MC. Haematopoietic stem cells in perisinusoidal niches are protected from ageing. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1309-1320. [PMID: 31685996 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With ageing, intrinsic haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activity decreases, resulting in impaired tissue homeostasis, reduced engraftment following transplantation and increased susceptibility to diseases. However, whether ageing also affects the HSC niche, and thereby impairs its capacity to support HSC function, is still widely debated. Here, by using in-vivo long-term label-retention assays we demonstrate that aged label-retaining HSCs, which are, in old mice, the most quiescent HSC subpopulation with the highest regenerative capacity and cellular polarity, reside predominantly in perisinusoidal niches. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sinusoidal niches are uniquely preserved in shape, morphology and number on ageing. Finally, we show that myeloablative chemotherapy can selectively disrupt aged sinusoidal niches in the long term, which is linked to the lack of recovery of endothelial Jag2 at sinusoids. Overall, our data characterize the functional alterations of the aged HSC niche and unveil that perisinusoidal niches are uniquely preserved and thereby protect HSCs from ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Saçma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Pospiech
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ruzhica Bogeska
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Experimental Hematology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter de Back
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Mallm
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Chromatin Network, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vadim Sakk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin Soller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gina Marka
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Vollmer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Experimental Hematology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood & Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Experimental Hematology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Molecular Oncology Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maria Carolina Florian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain.
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44
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La HM, Hobbs RM. Mechanisms regulating mammalian spermatogenesis and fertility recovery following germ cell depletion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4071-4102. [PMID: 31254043 PMCID: PMC11105665 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a highly complex multi-step process sustained by a population of mitotic germ cells with self-renewal potential known as spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The maintenance and regulation of SSC function are strictly dependent on a supportive niche that is composed of multiple cell types. A detailed appreciation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning SSC activity and fate is of fundamental importance for spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, different models of SSC identity and spermatogonial hierarchy have been proposed and recent studies indicate that cell populations supporting steady-state germline maintenance and regeneration following damage are distinct. Importantly, dynamic changes in niche properties may underlie the fate plasticity of spermatogonia evident during testis regeneration. While formation of spermatogenic colonies in germ-cell-depleted testis upon transplantation is a standard assay for SSCs, differentiation-primed spermatogonial fractions have transplantation potential and this assay provides readout of regenerative rather than steady-state stem cell capacity. The characterisation of spermatogonial populations with regenerative capacity is essential for the development of clinical applications aimed at restoring fertility in individuals following germline depletion by genotoxic treatments. This review will discuss regulatory mechanisms of SSCs in homeostatic and regenerative testis and the conservation of these mechanisms between rodent models and man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue M La
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Robin M Hobbs
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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45
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Abstract
Stem cells give rise to all cells and build the tissue structures in our body, and heterogeneity and plasticity are the hallmarks of stem cells. Epigenetic modification, which is associated with niche signals, determines stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. Stem cells play a critical role in the development of tumors and are capable of generating 3D organoids. Understanding the properties of stem cells will improve our capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dissecting epigenetic regulation could be helpful for achieving efficient cell reprograming and for developing new drugs for cancer treatment. Stem cell-derived organoids open up new avenues for modeling human diseases and for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, in addition to the achievements in stem cell research, many challenges still need to be overcome for stem cells to have versatile application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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46
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Liu G, Yang W, Zhang X, Peng T, Zou Y, Zhang T, Wang H, Liu X, Tao LZ. Cystathionine beta-lyase is crucial for embryo patterning and the maintenance of root stem cell niche in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2019; 99:536-555. [PMID: 31002461 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of roots in plants depends on the specification and maintenance of the root apical meristem. Here, we report the identification of CBL, a gene required for embryo and root development in Arabidopsis, and encodes cystathionine beta-lyase (CBL), which catalyzes the penultimate step in methionine (Met) biosynthesis, and which also led to the discovery of a previous unknown, but crucial, metabolic contribution by the Met biosynthesis pathway. CBL is expressed in embryos and shows quiescent center (QC)-enriched expression pattern in the root. cbl mutant has impaired embryo patterning, defective root stem cell niche, stunted root growth, and reduces accumulation of the root master regulators PLETHORA1 (PLT1) and PLT2. Furthermore, mutation in CBL severely decreases abundance of several PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins and impairs auxin-responsive gene expression in the root tip. cbl seedlings also exhibit global reduction in histone H3 Lys-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and DNA methylation. Importantly, mutation in CBL reduces the abundance of H3K4me3 modification in PLT1/2 genes and downregulates their expression. Overexpression of PLT2 partially rescues cbl root meristem defect, suggesting that CBL acts in part through PLT1/2. Moreover, exogenous supplementation of Met also restores the impaired QC activity and the root growth defects of cbl. Taken together, our results highlight the unique role of CBL to maintain the root stem cell niche by cooperative actions between Met biosynthesis and epigenetic modification of key developmental regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tao Peng
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Li-Zhen Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Zheng Y, Liu X. Review: Chromatin organization in plant and animal stem cell maintenance. Plant Sci 2019; 281:173-179. [PMID: 30824049 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have self-renewal capacity and can differentiate into specialized cell types. Although the origin, form and differentiated destinations of stem cells differ between animals and plants, they are regulated by similar epigenetic mechanisms during differentiation. There is increasing evidence that the three-dimensional (3D) genome organization plays important roles in gene expression regulation during stem cell differentiation. In plant cells, however, studies related to chromatin interaction in gene expression regulation are just beginning and will be a hot topic in the future. In this review, we summarized the similarities of plant and animal stem cell niches and their function in stem cell maintenance, the roles of chromatin conformation changes in regulating gene expression and recent findings about chromatin organization in plant cells at genome-wide and loci-specific levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin 300100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050021 China
| | - Xigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050021 China.
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Rossi L, Salvetti A. Planarian stem cell niche, the challenge for understanding tissue regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 87:30-36. [PMID: 29534938 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.201803.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell fate depends on surrounding microenvironment, the so called niche. For this reason, understanding stem cell niche is one of the most challenging target in cell biology field and need to be unraveled with in vivo studies. Planarians offer this unique opportunity, as their stem cells, the neoblasts, are abundant, highly characterized and genetically modifiable by RNA interference in alive animals. However, despite impressive advances have been done in the understanding planarian stem cells and regeneration, only a few information is available in defining signals from differentiated tissues, which affect neoblast stemness and fate. Here, we review on molecular factors that have been found activated in differentiated tissues and directly or indirectly affect neoblast behavior, and we suggest future directions for unravelling this challenge in understanding planarian stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Rossi
- Departement of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Experimental Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Departement of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Experimental Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4 Pisa, Italy.
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Fan H, Liu X, Shen Y, Chen S, Huan Y, Shan J, Zhou C, Wu S, Zhang Z, Wang Y. In Vivo Genetic Strategies for the Specific Lineage Tracing of Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:230-238. [PMID: 30047336 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180726110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of the fate changes of stem cells is essential to understand the roles of certain stem cells both during development and in diseases, such as cancer. In the past two decades, more and more importance has been paid to the studies of in vivo lineage tracing, because they could authentically reveal the differentiation, migration and even proliferation of stem cells. However, specific genetic tools have only been developed until recently. OBJECTIVE To summarize the progresses of genetic tools for specific lineage tracing with emphasis on their applications in investigating the stem cell niche signals. RESULTS Three major genetic strategies have been reviewed according to the development of technique, particularly the advantages and disadvantages of individual methods. CONCLUSION In vivo specific lineage tracing of stem cells could be achieved by comprehensive application of multiple genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fan
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Cadet team of undergraduate, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yahui Shen
- Cadet team of undergraduate, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Cadet team of undergraduate, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu Huan
- Cadet team of undergraduate, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Junjia Shan
- Cadet team of undergraduate, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chengji Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California-Davis, 2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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50
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Abstract
The maintenance of adult stem cells in their normal quiescent state depends on intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals originating from their microenvironment (also known as the stem cell niche). In skeletal muscle, its stem cells (satellite cells) lose their regenerative potential with aging, and this has been attributed, at least in part, to both age-associated changes in the satellite cells as in the niche cells, which include resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), macrophages, and endothelial cells, among others. To understand the regenerative decline of skeletal muscle with aging, there is a need for methods to specifically isolate stem and niche cells from resting muscle. Here we describe a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) protocol to simultaneously isolate discrete populations of satellite cells and niche cells from skeletal muscle of aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eusebio Perdiguero
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Victoria Moiseeva
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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