1
|
Malavazos AE, Di Vincenzo A, Iacobellis G, Basilico S, Dubini C, Morricone L, Menicanti L, Luca T, Giordano A, Castorina S, Carruba M, Nisoli E, Del Prato S, Cinti S. The density of crown-like structures in epicardial adipose tissue could play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2905-2910. [PMID: 35678980 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The visceral fat of patients affected by abdominal obesity is inflamed, and the main histopathologic feature is the high density of crown-like structures (CLS). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat of paramount importance for its relationships with coronary vessels and myocardium. Its inflammation in patients with abdominal obesity could be of clinical relevance, but histopathological studies on CLS density in EAT are lacking. This study aimed to assess the histopathology of EAT biopsies obtained from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. METHODS We collected EAT biopsies from 10 patients undergoing open-heart surgery for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 5) or valvular replacement (VR) (n = 5). Biopsies were treated for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. We quantify the CLS density in each EAT sample. RESULTS Despite all patients having abdominal obesity, in EAT samples, no CLS were detected in the VR group; in contrast, CLS were detected in the CABG group (about 17 CLS/104 adipocytes vs. 0.0 CLS/104 adipocytes, CABG vs. VR group, respectively). An impressive density of CLS (100 times that of other patients) was found in one patient (LS) in the CABG group that had a relevant anamnestic aspect: relatively rapid increase of weight gain, especially in abdominal adipose tissue, coincident with myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS CLS density could be an important predictive tool for cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, the LS case implies a role for timing in weight gain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE No level of evidence; this is a basic science study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Elias Malavazos
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Di Vincenzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Iacobellis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara Basilico
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Dubini
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Lelio Morricone
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- Cardiac Surgery Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Tonia Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Mediterranean Foundation "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Mediterranean Foundation "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Carruba
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial, and relapsing disease whose prevalence has tripled during the last decades and whose incidence is expected to further increase. For these reasons, obesity is considered as a real pandemic, deeply burdening the global health-care systems. From a pathophysiological standpoint obesity is the result of a chronic-positive energy balance which in turn leads to an excessive accumulation of lipids, not only within the adipose organ, but also in different cytotypes, a phenomenon leading to lipotoxicity that deeply compromises several cellular and organs functions. Obesity is therefore associated with over 200 medical complications, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and represents the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. In this review, we describe the main pathophysiological mechanisms linking obesity-induced adipose organ dysfunction to insulin resistance and T2DM.
Collapse
|
3
|
Belloni A, Furlani M, Greco S, Notarstefano V, Pro C, Randazzo B, Pellegrino P, Zannotti A, Carpini GD, Ciavattini A, Di Lillo F, Giorgini E, Giuliani A, Cinti S, Ciarmela P. Uterine leiomyoma as useful model to unveil morphometric and macromolecular collagen state and impairment in fibrotic diseases: An ex-vivo human study. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166494. [PMID: 35850176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), involved, among all, in the maintenance of the structural support of tissues. In fibrotic diseases, collagen is overexpressed, and its production determines the formation of a significantly stiffer ECM. The cross-linking of high-resolution analytical tools, able to investigate both the tridimensional organization and the secondary structure of collagen in fibrotic diseases, could be useful to identify defined markers correlating the status of this protein with specific pathological conditions. To this purpose, an innovative multidisciplinary approach based on Phase-Contrast MicroComputed Tomography, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy was exploited on leiomyoma samples and adjacent myometrium to characterize microstructural collagen features. Uterine leiomyoma is a common gynecological disorder affecting women in fertile age. It is characterized by a massive collagen production due to the repairing processes occurring at myometrium level, and, hence, it represents a valuable model to investigate collagen self-organization in a pathological condition. Moreover, to evaluate the sensitivity of this multidisciplinary approach, the effects of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) omega-3 fatty acids in collagen reduction were also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Belloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Stefania Greco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Chiara Pro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pamela Pellegrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Zannotti
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Delli Carpini
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | | | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Obesity, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cinti F, Cinti S. The Endocrine Adipose Organ: A System Playing a Central Role in COVID-19. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132109. [PMID: 35805193 PMCID: PMC9265618 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 30 years the adipose cell has been object of several studies, turning its reputation from an inert cell into the main character involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has changed the clinical scenario of the last two years. Composed by two types of tissue (white and brown), with opposite roles, the adipose organ is now classified as a real endocrine organ whose dysfunction is involved in different diseases, mainly obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this mini-review we aim to retrace the adipose organ history from physiology to physiopathology, to provide therapeutic perspectives for the prevention and treatment of its two main related diseases (obesity and type 2 diabetes) and to summarize the most recent discoveries linking adipose tissue to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cinti
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Center of Obesity, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-3396936172
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perugini J, Di Mercurio E, Giuliani A, Sabbatinelli J, Bonfigli AR, Tortato E, Severi I, Cinti S, Olivieri F, le Roux CW, Gesuita R, Giordano A. Ciliary neurotrophic factor is increased in the plasma of patients with obesity and its levels correlate with diabetes and inflammation indices. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8331. [PMID: 35585213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish whether obesity involves activation of endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) signalling, we evaluated its plasma levels in patients with obesity and correlated its values with the major clinical and haematological indices of obesity, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. This study involved 118 subjects: 39 healthy controls (19 men), 39 subjects with obesity (19 men) and 40 subjects with obesity and diabetes (20 men). Plasma CNTF and CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα) were measured using commercial ELISA kits. The results showed that plasma CNTF was significantly higher in males and females with obesity with and without diabetes than in healthy subjects. Women consistently exhibited higher levels of circulating CNTF. In both genders, CNTF levels correlated significantly and positively with obesity (BMI, WHR, leptin), diabetes (fasting insulin, HOMA index and HbA1c) and inflammation (IL-6 and hsCRP) indices. Circulating CNTFRα and the CNTF/CNTFRα molar ratio tended to be higher in the patient groups than in controls. In conclusion, endogenous CNTF signalling is activated in human obesity and may help counteract some adverse effects of obesity. Studies involving a higher number of selected patients may reveal circulating CNTF and/or CNTFRα as potential novel diagnostic and/or prognostic markers of obesity, diabetes and associated diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Scientific Director Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Annunziata C, Pirozzi C, Lama A, Senzacqua M, Comella F, Bordin A, Monnolo A, Pelagalli A, Ferrante MC, Mollica MP, Iossa A, De Falco E, Mattace Raso G, Cinti S, Giordano A, Meli R. Palmitoylethanolamide Promotes White-to-Beige Conversion and Metabolic Reprogramming of Adipocytes: Contribution of PPAR-α. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020338. [PMID: 35214069 PMCID: PMC8880285 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of brown and beige adipose tissue against obesity has been recognized. Browning, or beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the remodeling of adipocytes and the improvement of their metabolic and secretory functions. Here, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) restore the plasticity of brown and white adipocytes impaired in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Young male C57Bl/6J mice were fed with control (STD) diet or HFD for 12 weeks. Ultramicronized PEA (30 mg/kg/die p.o.) was administered for an additional 7 weeks, together with HFD. PEA recovered interscapular brown fat morphology and function, increasing UCP1 positivity, noradrenergic innervation, and inducing the mRNA transcription of several specialized thermogenic genes. PEA promotes the beige-conversion of the subcutaneous WAT, increasing thermogenic markers and restoring leptin signaling and tissue hormone sensitivity. The pivotal role of lipid-sensing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α in PEA effects was determined in mature 3T3-L1. Moreover, PEA improved mitochondrial bioenergetics in mature adipocytes measured by a Seahorse analyzer and induced metabolic machinery via AMPK phosphorylation. All these outcomes were dampened by the receptor antagonist GW6471. Finally, PEA induced adipogenic differentiation and increased AMPK phosphorylation in human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) obtained from subcutaneous WAT of normal-weight patients and patients with obesity. We identify PEA and PPAR-α activation as the main mechanism by which PEA can rewire energy-storing white into energy-consuming brown-like adipocytes via multiple and converging effects that restore WAT homeostasis and metabolic flexibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Federica Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.B.); (A.I.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Anna Monnolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.F.)
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.F.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angelo Iossa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.B.); (A.I.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.B.); (A.I.); (E.D.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocenter, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-167-8413 (ext. 80131)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Colleluori G, Graciotti L, Pesaresi M, Di Vincenzo A, Perugini J, Di Mercurio E, Caucci S, Bagnarelli P, Zingaretti CM, Nisoli E, Menzo S, Tagliabracci A, Ladoux A, Dani C, Giordano A, Cinti S. Visceral fat inflammation and fat embolism are associated with lung’s lipidic hyaline membranes in subjects with COVID-19. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1009-1017. [PMID: 35082385 PMCID: PMC8790008 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
9
|
Watanabe M, Risi R, Tafuri MA, Silvestri V, D'Andrea D, Raimondo D, Rea S, Di Vincenzo F, Profico A, Tuccinardi D, Sciuto R, Basciani S, Mariani S, Lubrano C, Cinti S, Ottini L, Manzi G, Gnessi L. Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23290. [PMID: 34857816 PMCID: PMC8639971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fuegians, ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, are an exemplary case of a cold-adapted population, since they were capable of living in extreme climatic conditions without any adequate clothing. However, the mechanisms of their extraordinary resistance to cold remain enigmatic. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in this kind of adaptation, besides having a protective role on the detrimental effect of low temperatures on bone structure. Skeletal remains of 12 adult Fuegians, collected in the second half of XIX century, were analyzed for bone mineral density and structure. We show that, despite the unfavorable climate, bone mineral density of Fuegians was close to that seen in modern humans living in temperate zones. Furthermore, we report significant differences between Fuegians and other cold-adapted populations in the frequency of the Homeobox protein Hox-C4 (HOXC4) rs190771160 variant, a gene involved in BAT differentiation, whose identified variant is predicted to upregulate HOXC4 expression. Greater BAT accumulation might therefore explain the Fuegians extreme cold-resistance and the protection against major cold-related damage. These results increase our understanding of how ecological challenges have been important drivers of human–environment interactions during Humankind history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Watanabe
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Renata Risi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anne Tafuri
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniel D'Andrea
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Domenico Raimondo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Rea
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Vincenzo
- Natural History Museum-University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Italian Institute of Human Paleontology (IsIPU), Anagni-Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Profico
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Sciuto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basciani
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariani
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Manzi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Acín-Perez R, Petcherski A, Veliova M, Benador IY, Assali EA, Colleluori G, Cinti S, Brownstein AJ, Baghdasarian S, Livhits MJ, Yeh MW, Krishnan KC, Vergnes L, Winn NC, Padilla J, Liesa M, Sacks HS, Shirihai OS. Recruitment and remodeling of peridroplet mitochondria in human adipose tissue. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102087. [PMID: 34411987 PMCID: PMC8377484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocyte mitochondria contribute to thermogenesis by uncoupling and by ATP-consuming futile cycles. Since uncoupling may inhibit ATP synthesis, it is expected that expenditure through ATP synthesis is segregated to a disparate population of mitochondria. Recent studies in mouse brown adipocytes identified peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) as having greater ATP synthesis and pyruvate oxidation capacities, while cytoplasmic mitochondria have increased fatty acid oxidation and uncoupling capacities. However, the occurrence of PDM in humans and the processes that result in their expansion have not been elucidated. Here, we describe a novel high-throughput assay to quantify PDM that is successfully applied to white adipose tissue from mice and humans. Using this approach, we found that PDM content varies between white and brown fat in both species. We used adipose tissue from pheochromocytoma (Pheo) patients as a model of white adipose tissue browning, which is characterized by an increase in the capacity for energy expenditure. In contrast with control subjects, PDM content was robustly increased in the periadrenal fat of Pheo patients. Remarkably, bioenergetic changes associated with browning were primarily localized to PDM compared to cytoplasmic mitochondria (CM). PDM isolated from periadrenal fat of Pheo patients had increased ATP-linked respiration, Complex IV content and activity, and maximal respiratory capacity. We found similar changes in a mouse model of re-browning where PDM content in whitened brown adipose tissue was increased upon re-browning induced by decreased housing temperature. Taken together, this study demonstrates the existence of PDM as a separate functional entity in humans and that browning in both mice and humans is associated with a robust expansion of peri-droplet mitochondria characterized by increased ATP synthesis linked respiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acín-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ilan Y Benador
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Essam A Assali
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, 60020, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, 60020, Italy
| | - Alexandra J Brownstein
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Siyouneh Baghdasarian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Masha J Livhits
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael W Yeh
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Karthickeyan Chella Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nathan C Winn
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Harold S Sacks
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Endocrine and Diabetes Division, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Caro R, Boscolo-Berto R, Artico M, Bertelli E, Cannas M, Cappello F, Carpino G, Castorina S, Cataldi A, Cavaletti GA, Cinti S, Cocco LI, Cremona O, Crivellato E, De Luca A, Falconi M, Familiari G, Ferri GL, Fornai F, Gesi M, Geuna S, Gibelli DM, Giordano A, Gobbi P, Guerra G, Gulisano M, Macchi V, Macchiarelli G, Manzoli L, Michetti F, Miscia S, Montagnani S, Montella ACM, Morini S, Onori P, Palumbo C, Papa M, Porzionato A, Quacci DE, Raspanti M, Rende M, Rezzani R, Ribatti D, Ripani M, Rodella LF, Rossi P, Sbarbati A, Secchiero P, Sforza C, Stecco C, Toni R, Vercelli A, Vitale M, Zancanaro C, Zauli G, Zecchi S, Anastasi GP, Gaudio E. The Italian law on body donation: A position paper of the Italian College of Anatomists. Ann Anat 2021; 238:151761. [PMID: 34139280 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In Italy, recent legislation (Law No. 10/2020) has tuned regulations concerning the donation of one's postmortem body and tissues for study, training, and scientific research purposes. This study discusses several specific issues to optimise the applicability and effectiveness of such an important, novel regulatory setting. Critical issues arise concerning the learners, the type of training and teaching activities that can be planned, the position of academic anatomy institutes, the role of family members in the donation process, the time frame of the donation process, the eligibility of partial donation, or the simultaneous donation of organs and tissues to patients awaiting transplantation. In particular, a universal time limit for donations (i.e., one year) makes it impossible to plan the long-term use of specific body parts, which could be effectively preserved for the advanced teaching and training of medical students and surgeons. The abovementioned conditions lead to the limited use of corpses, thus resulting in the inefficiency of the whole system of body donation. Overall, the donors' scope for the donation of their body could be best honoured by a more flexible and tuneable approach that can be used on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, it is deemed necessary to closely monitor the events scheduled for corpses in public nonacademic institutions or private enterprises. This paper presents useful insights from Italian anatomists with the hope of providing inspiration for drafting the regulations. In conclusion, this paper focuses on the critical issues derived from the recently introduced Italian law on the donation and use of the body after death and provides suggestions to lawmakers for future implementations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Rafael Boscolo-Berto
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Cannas
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Anatomy, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine and Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Technological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Guido Angelo Cavaletti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Ottavio Cremona
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Crivellato
- Department of Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Ferri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NEF-Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Gesi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Morini
- Laboratory of Microscopical and Ultrastructural Anatomy, "Campus Bio-Medico di Roma" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Palumbo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mario Raspanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ripani
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Stecco
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Toni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Zancanaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Zecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pio Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) is an exocrine gland present in female mammals responsible for the production and secretion of milk during the process of lactation. It is mainly composed by epithelial cells and adipocytes. Among the features that make the MG unique there are 1) its highly plastic properties displayed during pregnancy, lactation and involution (all steps belonging to the lactation cycle) and 2) its requirement to grow in close association with adipocytes which are absolutely necessary to ensure MG's proper development at puberty and remodeling during the lactation cycle. Although MG adipocytes play such a critical role for the gland development, most of the studies have focused on its epithelial component only, leaving the role of the neighboring adipocytes largely unexplored. In this review we aim to describe evidences regarding MG's adipocytes role and properties in physiologic conditions (gland development and lactation cycle), obesity and breast cancer, emphasizing the existing gaps in the literature which deserve further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Barbatelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, clinicians have tried every effort to fight the disease, and multiple drugs have been proposed. However, no proven effective therapies currently exist, and different clinical phenotypes complicate the situation. In clinical practice, many severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients developed gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances, including vomiting, diarrhoea, or abdominal pain, even in the absence of cough and dyspnea. Understanding the mechanism of GI disturbances is warranted for exploring better clinical care for COVID-19 patients. With evidence collected from clinical studies on COVID-19 and basic research on a rare genetic disease (i.e., Hartnup disorder), we put forward a novel hypothesis to elaborate an effective nutritional therapy. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binding to intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, negatively regulates the absorption of neutral amino acids, and this could explain not only the GI, but also systemic disturbances in COVID-19. Amino acid supplements could be recommended.Level of evidence No level of evidence: Hypothesis article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Nisoli
- Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan, Milan, 20129, Italy.
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bonifazi M, Mei F, Skrami E, Latini LL, Amico D, Balestro E, Bini F, Bonifazi F, Caminati A, Candoli P, Cinti S, Contucci S, Di Marco Berardino A, Harari S, Levi G, Lococo S, Menditto V, Marchetti G, Piciucchi S, Poletti V, Ravaglia C, Saetta M, Svegliati-Baroni G, Tomassetti S, Tamburrini M, Zanforlin A, Zuccon U, Zuccatosta L, Gasparini S, Carle F. Predictors of Worse Prognosis in Young and Middle-Aged Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Multi-Center Italian Study (COVID-UNDER50). J Clin Med 2021; 10:1218. [PMID: 33804084 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity as well as metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities are established, significant predictors of worse prognosis in the overall COVID-19 population, but limited information is available on their roles in young and middle-aged adults (aged ≤ 50 years). The main objectives of the present Italian multi-center study were to describe clinical characteristics and role of selected prognostic predictors in a large cohort of young and middle-aged hospitalized patients. Nine pulmonology units, across north and center of Italy, were involved in this retrospective study. Comorbidities were classified according to their known or potential association with COVID-19. A total of 263 subjects were included. The prevalence of obesity was 25.9%, mechanical ventilation (MV) was needed in 27.7%, and 28 in-hospital deaths occurred (10.6%). Obesity and older age were the only independent, significant predictors for MV. Comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and increased D-dimer levels were significantly associated with higher mortality risk, regardless of age, body mass index, and MV. Obesity in young and middle-aged adults is a strong predictor of a more complicated COVID-19, without, however, evidence of a significant effect on in-hospital mortality. Selected comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and asthma, significantly impact survival even in a younger population, suggesting the need for prompt recognition of these conditions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cinti F, Mezza T, Severi I, Suleiman M, Cefalo CMA, Sorice GP, Moffa S, Impronta F, Quero G, Alfieri S, Mari A, Pontecorvi A, Marselli L, Cinti S, Marchetti P, Giaccari A. Noradrenergic fibers are associated with beta-cell dedifferentiation and impaired beta-cell function in humans. Metabolism 2021; 114:154414. [PMID: 33129839 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a progressive loss of beta-cell function, and the "disappearance" of beta-cells in T2D may also be caused by the process of beta -cell dedifferentiation. Since noradrenergic innervation inhibits insulin secretion and density of noradrenergic fibers is increased in type 2 diabetes mouse models, we aimed to study the relation between islet innervation, dedifferentiation and beta-cell function in humans. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, we analyzed pancreata from organ donors and from patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. In the latter, a pre-surgical detailed metabolic characterization by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hyperglycemic clamp was performed before surgery, thus obtaining in vivo functional parameters of beta-cell function and insulin secretion. RESULTS The islets of diabetic subjects were 3 times more innervated than controls (0.91 ± 0.21 vs 0.32 ± 0.10, n.fibers/islet; p = 0.01), and directly correlated with the dedifferentiation score (r = 0.39; p = 0.03). In vivo functional parameters of insulin secretion, assessed by hyperglycemic clamp, negatively correlated with the increase in fibers [beta-cell Glucose Sensitivity (r = -0.84; p = 0.01), incremental second-phase insulin secretion (r = -0.84, p = 0.03) and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion (r = -0.76, p = 0.04)]. Moreover, we observed a progressive increase in fibers, paralleling worsening glucose tolerance (from NGT through IGT to T2D). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Noradrenergic fibers are significantly increased in the islets of diabetic subjects and this positively correlates with beta-cell dedifferentiation score. The correlation between in vivo insulin secretion parameters and the density of pancreatic noradrenergic fibers suggests a significant involvement of these fibers in the pathogenesis of the disease, and indirectly, in the islet dedifferentiation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Cinti
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - T Mezza
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - I Severi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Obesity, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C M A Cefalo
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G P Sorice
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - S Moffa
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - F Impronta
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G Quero
- Chirurgia Digestiva, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Istituto di Semeiotica Chirurgica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - S Alfieri
- Chirurgia Digestiva, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Istituto di Semeiotica Chirurgica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - A Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - A Pontecorvi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - L Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Cinti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Obesity, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - P Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Giaccari
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Neess D, Kruse V, Marcher AB, Wæde MR, Vistisen J, Møller PM, Petersen R, Brewer JR, Ma T, Colleluori G, Severi I, Cinti S, Gerhart-Hines Z, Mandrup S, Færgeman NJ. Epidermal Acyl-CoA-binding protein is indispensable for systemic energy homeostasis. Mol Metab 2021; 44:101144. [PMID: 33346070 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The skin is the largest sensory organ of the human body and plays a fundamental role in regulating body temperature. However, adaptive alterations in skin functions and morphology have only vaguely been associated with physiological responses to cold stress or sensation of ambient temperatures. We previously found that loss of acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) in keratinocytes upregulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue and alters hepatic lipid metabolism, suggesting a link between epidermal barrier functions and systemic energy metabolism. METHODS To assess the physiological responses to loss of ACBP in keratinocytes in detail, we used full-body ACBP-/- and skin-specific ACBP-/- knockout mice to clarify how loss of ACBP affects 1) energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, 2) response to high-fat feeding and a high oral glucose load, and 3) expression of brown-selective gene programs by quantitative PCR in inguinal WAT (iWAT). To further elucidate the role of the epidermal barrier in systemic energy metabolism, we included mice with defects in skin structural proteins (ma/ma Flgft/ft) in these studies. RESULTS We show that the ACBP-/- mice and skin-specific ACBP-/- knockout mice exhibited increased energy expenditure, increased food intake, browning of the iWAT, and resistance to diet-induced obesity. The metabolic phenotype, including browning of the iWAT, was reversed by housing the mice at thermoneutrality (30 °C) or pharmacological β-adrenergic blocking. Interestingly, these findings were phenocopied in flaky tail mice (ma/ma Flgft/ft). Taken together, we demonstrate that a compromised epidermal barrier induces a β-adrenergic response that increases energy expenditure and browning of the white adipose tissue to maintain a normal body temperature. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that the epidermal barrier plays a key role in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. Thus, regulation of epidermal barrier functions warrants further attention to understand the regulation of systemic metabolism in further detail.
Collapse
|
17
|
Castorina S, Barresi V, Luca T, Privitera G, De Geronimo V, Lezoche G, Cosentini I, Di Vincenzo A, Barbatelli G, Giordano A, Taus M, Nicolai A, Condorelli DF, Cinti S. Gastric ghrelin cells in obese patients are hyperactive. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:184-194. [PMID: 33230309 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Distribution and activity of ghrelin cells in the stomach of obese subjects are controversial. SUBJECTS/METHODS We examined samples from stomachs removed by sleeve gastrectomy in 49 obese subjects (normoglycemic, hyperglycemic and diabetic) and quantified the density of ghrelin/chromogranin endocrine cells by immunohistochemistry. Data were compared with those from 13 lean subjects evaluated by gastroscopy. In 44 cases (11 controls and 33 obese patients) a gene expression analysis of ghrelin and its activating enzyme ghrelin O-acyl transferase (GOAT) was performed. In 21 cases (4 controls and 17 obese patients) the protein levels of unacylated and acylated-ghrelin were measured by ELISA tests. In 18 cases (4 controls and 14 obese patients) the morphology of ghrelin-producing cells was evaluated by electron microscopy. RESULTS The obese group, either considered as total population or divided into subgroups, did not show any significant difference in ghrelin cell density when compared with control subjects. Inter-glandular smooth muscle fibres were increased in obese patients. In line with a positive trend of the desacylated form found by ELISA, Ghrelin and GOAT mRNA expression in obese patients was significantly increased. The unique ghrelin cell ultrastructure was maintained in all obese groups. In the hyperglycemic obese patients, the higher ghrelin expression matched with ultrastructural signs of endocrine hyperactivity, including expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum and reduced density, size and electron-density of endocrine granules. A positive correlation between ghrelin gene expression and glycemic values, body mass index and GOAT was also found. All obese patients with type 2 diabetes recovered from diabetes at follow-up after 5 months with a 16.5% of weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Given the known inhibitory role on insulin secretion of ghrelin, these results suggest a possible role for gastric ghrelin overproduction in the complex architecture that takes part in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Castorina
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Mediterranean Foundation "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenza Barresi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tonia Luca
- Mediterranean Foundation "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Lezoche
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cosentini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelica Di Vincenzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Barbatelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Taus
- Dietetic Unit and Clinical Nutrition, United Hospitals of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Albano Nicolai
- Dietetic Unit and Clinical Nutrition, United Hospitals of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Filippo Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Mediterranean Foundation "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy. .,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy. .,Dietetic Unit and Clinical Nutrition, United Hospitals of Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Iacobini C, Menini S, Vitale M, Sorice GP, Mezza T, Cinti S, Giaccari A, Pugliese G. Galectin-3 gene deletion results in defective adipose tissue maturation and impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20070. [PMID: 33208796 PMCID: PMC7675972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiposopathy is a pathological adipose tissue (AT) response to overfeeding characterized by reduced AT expandability due to impaired adipogenesis, which favors inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and abnormal glucose regulation. However, it is unclear whether defective adipogenesis causes metabolic derangement also independently of an increased demand for fat storage. As galectin-3 has been implicated in both adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis, we tested this hypothesis in galectin-3 knockout (Lgal3−/−) mice fed a standard chow. In vitro, Lgal3−/− adipocyte precursors showed impaired terminal differentiation (maturation). Two-month-old Lgal3−/− mice showed impaired AT maturation, with reduced adipocyte size and expression of adipogenic genes, but unchanged fat mass and no sign of adipocyte degeneration/death or ectopic fat accumulation. AT immaturity was associated with AT and whole-body inflammation and IR, glucose intolerance, and hyperglycemia. Five-month-old Lgal3−/− mice exhibited a more mature AT phenotype, with no difference in insulin sensitivity and expression of inflammatory cytokines versus WT animals, though abnormal glucose homeostasis persisted and was associated with reduced β-cell function. These data show that adipogenesis capacity per se affects AT function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis independently of increased fat intake, accumulation and redistribution, thus uncovering a direct link between defective adipogenesis, IR and susceptibility to diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Blasetti Fantauzzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Pio Sorice
- Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ruocco C, Ragni M, Rossi F, Carullo P, Ghini V, Piscitelli F, Cutignano A, Manzo E, Ioris RM, Bontems F, Tedesco L, Greco CM, Pino A, Severi I, Liu D, Ceddia RP, Ponzoni L, Tenori L, Rizzetto L, Scholz M, Tuohy K, Bifari F, Di Marzo V, Luchinat C, Carruba MO, Cinti S, Decimo I, Condorelli G, Coppari R, Collins S, Valerio A, Nisoli E. Manipulation of Dietary Amino Acids Prevents and Reverses Obesity in Mice Through Multiple Mechanisms That Modulate Energy Homeostasis. Diabetes 2020; 69:2324-2339. [PMID: 32778569 PMCID: PMC7576563 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reduced activation of energy metabolism increases adiposity in humans and other mammals. Thus, exploring dietary and molecular mechanisms able to improve energy metabolism is of paramount medical importance because such mechanisms can be leveraged as a therapy for obesity and related disorders. Here, we show that a designer protein-deprived diet enriched in free essential amino acids can 1) promote the brown fat thermogenic program and fatty acid oxidation, 2) stimulate uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent respiration in subcutaneous white fat, 3) change the gut microbiota composition, and 4) prevent and reverse obesity and dysregulated glucose homeostasis in multiple mouse models, prolonging the healthy life span. These effects are independent of unbalanced amino acid ratio, energy consumption, and intestinal calorie absorption. A brown fat-specific activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 seems involved in the diet-induced beneficial effects, as also strengthened by in vitro experiments. Hence, our results suggest that brown and white fat may be targets of specific amino acids to control UCP1-dependent and -independent thermogenesis, thereby contributing to the improvement of metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rafael Maciel Ioris
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franck Bontems
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Tedesco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Annachiara Pino
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Center of Obesity, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dianxin Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan P Ceddia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- FiorGen Foundation, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center of Magnetic Resonance, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lisa Rizzetto
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Matthias Scholz
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Canada Excellence Research Chair Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Joint International Research Unit for Chemical and Biochemical Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy and Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele O Carruba
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Center of Obesity, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Rozzano, Italy
- Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Roberto Coppari
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sheila Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun W, Dong H, Balaz M, Slyper M, Drokhlyansky E, Colleluori G, Giordano A, Kovanicova Z, Stefanicka P, Balazova L, Ding L, Husted AS, Rudofsky G, Ukropec J, Cinti S, Schwartz TW, Regev A, Wolfrum C. snRNA-seq reveals a subpopulation of adipocytes that regulates thermogenesis. Nature 2020; 587:98-102. [PMID: 33116305 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Cangiotti AM, Pifferi M, Fonnesu R, Gracci S, Cinti S. Cytoplasmic ciliary inclusions can reflect an abnormal ciliogenesis in respiratory epithelium. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:1874-1875. [PMID: 32453895 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Cangiotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biology of Obesity-Electron Microscopy Unit, Center of Obesity, United Hospitals-Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Pifferi
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Fonnesu
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Gracci
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biology of Obesity-Electron Microscopy Unit, Center of Obesity, United Hospitals-Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Efremova A, Colleluori G, Thomsky M, Perugini J, Protasoni M, Reguzzoni M, Faragalli A, Carle F, Giordano A, Cinti S. Biomarkers of Browning in Cold Exposed Siberian Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2162. [PMID: 32707748 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-exposure promotes energy expenditure by inducing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, which over time, is also sustained by browning, the appearance, or increase, of brown-like cells into white fat depots. Identification of circulating markers reflecting BAT activity and browning is crucial to study this phenomenon and its triggers, also holding possible implications for the therapy of obesity and metabolic diseases. Using RT-qPCR, we evaluated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) expression profile of regulators of BAT activity (CIDEA, PRDM16), white adipocytes browning (HOXC9 and SLC27A1), and fatty acid β-oxidation (CPT1A) in 150 Siberian healthy miners living at extremely cold temperatures compared to 29 healthy subjects living in thermoneutral conditions. Anthropometric parameters, glucose, and lipid profiles were also assessed. The cold-exposed group showed significantly lower weight, BMI, hip circumference, and PBMC expression of CIDEA, but higher expression of HOXC9 and higher circulating glucose compared to controls. Within the cold-exposed group, BMI, total cholesterol, and the atherogenic coefficient were lower in individuals exposed to low temperatures for a longer time. In conclusion, human PBMC expresses the brown adipocytes marker CIDEA and the browning marker HOXC9, which, varying according to cold-exposure, possibly reflect changes in BAT activation and white fat browning.
Collapse
|
23
|
Suchacki KJ, Tavares AAS, Mattiucci D, Scheller EL, Papanastasiou G, Gray C, Sinton MC, Ramage LE, McDougald WA, Lovdel A, Sulston RJ, Thomas BJ, Nicholson BM, Drake AJ, Alcaide-Corral CJ, Said D, Poloni A, Cinti S, Macpherson GJ, Dweck MR, Andrews JPM, Williams MC, Wallace RJ, van Beek EJR, MacDougald OA, Morton NM, Stimson RH, Cawthorn WP. Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3097. [PMID: 32555194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) comprises >10% of total adipose mass, yet unlike white or brown adipose tissues (WAT or BAT) its metabolic functions remain unclear. Herein, we address this critical gap in knowledge. Our transcriptomic analyses revealed that BMAT is distinct from WAT and BAT, with altered glucose metabolism and decreased insulin responsiveness. We therefore tested these functions in mice and humans using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. This revealed that BMAT resists insulin- and cold-stimulated glucose uptake, while further in vivo studies showed that, compared to WAT, BMAT resists insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Thus, BMAT is functionally distinct from WAT and BAT. However, in humans basal glucose uptake in BMAT is greater than in axial bones or subcutaneous WAT and can be greater than that in skeletal muscle, underscoring the potential of BMAT to influence systemic glucose homeostasis. These PET/CT studies characterise BMAT function in vivo, establish new methods for BMAT analysis, and identify BMAT as a distinct, major adipose tissue subtype.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cinti S, Graciotti L, Giordano A, Valerio A, Nisoli E. COVID-19 and fat embolism: a hypothesis to explain the severe clinical outcome in people with obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1800-2. [PMID: 32514077 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
25
|
Venema W, Severi I, Perugini J, Di Mercurio E, Mainardi M, Maffei M, Cinti S, Giordano A. Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Acts on Distinctive Hypothalamic Arcuate Neurons and Promotes Leptin Entry Into and Action on the Mouse Hypothalamus. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:140. [PMID: 32528252 PMCID: PMC7253709 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and experimental animals, the administration of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) reduces food intake and body weight. To gain further insights into the mechanism(s) underlying its satiety effect, we: (i) evaluated the CNTF-dependent activation of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in mouse models where neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons can be identified by green fluorescent protein (GFP); and (ii) assessed whether CNTF promotes leptin signaling in hypothalamic feeding centers. Immunohistochemical experiments enabled us to establish that intraperitoneal injection of mouse recombinant CNTF activated the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in a substantial proportion of arcuate nucleus (ARC) NPY neurons (18.68% ± 0.60 in 24-h fasted mice and 25.50% ± 1.17 in fed mice) but exerted a limited effect on POMC neurons (4.15% ± 0.33 in 24-h fasted mice and 2.84% ± 0.45 in fed mice). CNTF-responsive NPY neurons resided in the ventromedial ARC, facing the median eminence (ME), and were surrounded by albumin immunoreactivity, suggesting that they are located outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In both normally fed and high-fat diet (HFD) obese animals, CNTF activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in ME β1- and β2-tanycytes, an effect that has been linked to the promotion of leptin entry into the brain. Accordingly, compared to the animals treated with leptin, mice treated with leptin/CNTF showed: (i) a significantly greater leptin content in hypothalamic protein extracts; (ii) a significant increase in phospho-STAT3 (P-STAT3)-positive neurons in the ARC and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of normally fed mice; and (iii) a significantly increased number of P-STAT3-positive neurons in the ARC and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus of HFD obese mice. Collectively, these data suggest that exogenously administered CNTF reduces food intake by exerting a leptin-like action on distinctive NPY ARC neurons and by promoting leptin signaling in hypothalamic feeding centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebe Venema
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Mercurio
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Cinti
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Obesity, Università Politecnica delle Marche-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lyons C, Razzoli M, Larson E, Svedberg D, Frontini A, Cinti S, Vulchanova L, Sanders M, Thomas M, Bartolomucci A. Optogenetic-induced sympathetic neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:2765-2773. [PMID: 31908033 PMCID: PMC7306786 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901361rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that plays a major role in energy balance, obesity, and diabetes due to the potent glucose and lipid clearance that fuels its thermogenesis, which is largely mediated via sympathetic nervous system activation. However, thus far there has been little experimental validation of the hypothesis that selective neuromodulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT is sufficient to elicit thermogenesis in mice. We generated mice expressing blue light-activated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT using two different strategies: injecting the BAT of C57Bl/6J mice with AAV6-hSyn-ChR2 (H134R)-EYFP; crossbreeding tyrosine hydroxylase-Cre mice with floxed-stop ChR2-EYFP mice. The nerves in the BAT expressing ChR2 were selectively stimulated with a blue LED light positioned underneath the fat pad of anesthetized mice, while the BAT and core temperatures were simultaneously recorded. Using immunohistochemistry we confirmed the selective expression of EYFP in TH positive nerves fibers. In addition, local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves induced significant increase in the BAT temperature followed by an increase in core temperature in mice expressing ChR2, but not in the respective controls. The BAT activation was also paralleled by increased levels of pre-UCP1 transcript. Our results demonstrate that local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves is sufficient to elicit BAT and core thermogenesis, thus suggesting that peripheral neuromodulation has the potential to be exploited as an alternative to pharmacotherapies to elicit organ activation and thus ameliorate type 2 diabetes and/or obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carey Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Erin Larson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Daniel Svedberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Sanders
- University Imaging Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Efremova A, Senzacqua M, Venema W, Isakov E, Di Vincenzo A, Zingaretti MC, Protasoni M, Thomski M, Giordano A, Cinti S. A large proportion of mediastinal and perirenal visceral fat of Siberian adult people is formed by UCP1 immunoreactive multilocular and paucilocular adipocytes. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 76:185-192. [PMID: 31853729 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many deleterious consequences for health of excessive fat accumulation are due to visceral fat. Browning of visceral fat is mainly cold dependent and has been proposed as a possible tool for future therapies of obesity and related disorders. In this paper, we studied the composition of mediastinal and perirenal visceral fat, collected at necropsy, of human adults that lived in Siberia, one of the coldest regions of the earth. Data showed that a consistent part of the mediastinal and perirenal fat (up to about 40%) had the morphology typical of brown adipocytes and that a relevant percentage of them (up to about 30%) also expressed the functional marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Patients living mainly outdoor had higher percentage of brown-like adipocytes with more intensely UCP1 immunoreactive cells. The presence of numerous UCP1 immunoreactive paucilocular cells, a transitional stage of transdifferentiating adipocytes, supports the idea that visceral fat can be converted to brown adipose tissue in adult humans in physiological conditions. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive noradrenergic parenchymal nerve fibers were positively correlated to the number of multilocular adipocytes in mediastinal fat, and a similar trend was also observed in the perirenal fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agrafena Efremova
- Yakut Scientific Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wiebe Venema
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Evgeny Isakov
- Yakut Scientific Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Angelica Di Vincenzo
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Zingaretti
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Protasoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Mikhail Thomski
- Yakut Scientific Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Jong JMA, Sun W, Pires ND, Frontini A, Balaz M, Jespersen NZ, Feizi A, Petrovic K, Fischer AW, Bokhari MH, Niemi T, Nuutila P, Cinti S, Nielsen S, Scheele C, Virtanen K, Cannon B, Nedergaard J, Wolfrum C, Petrovic N. Author Correction: Human brown adipose tissue is phenocopied by classical brown adipose tissue in physiologically humanized mice. Nat Metab 2019; 1:927. [PMID: 32747808 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper M A de Jong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Nuno D Pires
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Naja Z Jespersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amir Feizi
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katarina Petrovic
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muhammad Hamza Bokhari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pellegrini C, Columbaro M, Schena E, Prencipe S, Andrenacci D, Iozzo P, Angela Guzzardi M, Capanni C, Mattioli E, Loi M, Araujo-Vilar D, Squarzoni S, Cinti S, Morselli P, Giorgetti A, Zanotti L, Gambineri A, Lattanzi G. Altered adipocyte differentiation and unbalanced autophagy in type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: an in vitro and in vivo study of adipose tissue browning. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-17. [PMID: 31375660 PMCID: PMC6802660 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy is caused by LMNA mutations. Patients gradually lose subcutaneous fat from the limbs, while they accumulate adipose tissue in the face and neck. Several studies have demonstrated that autophagy is involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and the maintenance of the balance between white and brown adipose tissue. We identified deregulation of autophagy in laminopathic preadipocytes before induction of differentiation. Moreover, in differentiating white adipocyte precursors, we observed impairment of large lipid droplet formation, altered regulation of adipose tissue genes, and expression of the brown adipose tissue marker UCP1. Conversely, in lipodystrophic brown adipocyte precursors induced to differentiate, we noticed activation of autophagy, formation of enlarged lipid droplets typical of white adipocytes, and dysregulation of brown adipose tissue genes. In agreement with these in vitro results indicating conversion of FPLD2 brown preadipocytes toward the white lineage, adipose tissue from FPLD2 patient neck, an area of brown adipogenesis, showed a white phenotype reminiscent of its brown origin. Moreover, in vivo morpho-functional evaluation of fat depots in the neck area of three FPLD2 patients by PET/CT analysis with cold stimulation showed the absence of brown adipose tissue activity. These findings highlight a new pathogenetic mechanism leading to improper fat distribution in lamin A-linked lipodystrophies and show that both impaired white adipocyte turnover and failure of adipose tissue browning contribute to disease. An abnormal distribution of fatty tissues associated with certain tissue disorders is driven by disrupted fat cell differentiation. Type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2) is a genetic condition that results in fat being lost from the limbs and accumulating in the face and neck. Giovanna Lattanzi at the National Research Council of Italy in Bologna and co-workers found that fat cell (adipocyte) precursors did not clearly differentiate into either of the two main fatty tissue types, brown or white, in FPLD2 patients. White adipocyte precursors exhibited impaired lipid formation and abnormal levels of brown tissue markers. Conversely, brown adipocyte precursors showed high lipid levels and increased autophagy, a natural process involving degradation and recycling of cellular components. The neck is normally where brown fat accumulates, but FPLD2 patients had adipocytes there displaying white fat characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pellegrini
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Schena
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabino Prencipe
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Andrenacci
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Guzzardi
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Loi
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David Araujo-Vilar
- Department of Medicine, CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (UniversitàPolitecnicadelle Marche), Ancona, Italy.,Center of Obesity of University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Morselli
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Specialised, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura Zanotti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
de Jong JMA, Sun W, Pires ND, Frontini A, Balaz M, Jespersen NZ, Feizi A, Petrovic K, Fischer AW, Bokhari MH, Niemi T, Nuutila P, Cinti S, Nielsen S, Scheele C, Virtanen K, Cannon B, Nedergaard J, Wolfrum C, Petrovic N. Human brown adipose tissue is phenocopied by classical brown adipose tissue in physiologically humanized mice. Nat Metab 2019; 1:830-843. [PMID: 32694768 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human and rodent brown adipose tissues (BAT) appear morphologically and molecularly different. Here we compare human BAT with both classical brown and brite/beige adipose tissues of 'physiologically humanized' mice: middle-aged mice living under conditions approaching human thermal and nutritional conditions, that is, prolonged exposure to thermoneutral temperature (approximately 30 °C) and to an energy-rich (high-fat, high-sugar) diet. We find that the morphological, cellular and molecular characteristics (both marker and adipose-selective gene expression) of classical brown fat, but not of brite/beige fat, of these physiologically humanized mice are notably similar to human BAT. We also demonstrate, both in silico and experimentally, that in physiologically humanized mice only classical BAT possesses a high thermogenic potential. These observations suggest that classical rodent BAT is the tissue of choice for translational studies aimed at recruiting human BAT to counteract the development of obesity and its comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper M A de Jong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Nuno D Pires
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Naja Z Jespersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amir Feizi
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katarina Petrovic
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muhammad Hamza Bokhari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe N, Sonne SB, Larsen JM, Hansen AN, Fjære E, Isidor MS, Petersen S, Henningsen J, Severi I, Sartini L, Schober Y, Wolf J, Nockher WA, Wolfrum C, Cinti S, Sina C, Hansen JB, Madsen L, Brix S, Kristiansen K. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in adipocytes reduces fat accumulation in inguinal white adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8979. [PMID: 31222118 PMCID: PMC6586826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases are known as important regulators of metabolism and immune processes via conversion of C20 fatty acids into various regulatory lipid mediators, and cyclooxygenase activity has been implicated in browning of white adipose tissues. We generated transgenic (TG) C57BL/6 mice expressing the Ptgs2 gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mature adipocytes. TG mice fed a high-fat diet displayed marginally lower weight gain with less hepatic steatosis and a slight improvement in insulin sensitivity, but no difference in glucose tolerance. Compared to littermate wildtype mice, TG mice selectively reduced inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass and fat cell size, whereas the epididymal (eWAT) fat depot remained unchanged. The changes in iWAT were accompanied by increased levels of specific COX-derived lipid mediators and increased mRNA levels of interleukin-33, interleukin-4 and arginase-1, but not increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 or increased energy expenditure. Epididymal WAT (eWAT) in TG mice exhibited few changes except from increased infiltration with eosinophils. Our findings suggest a role for COX-2-derived lipid mediators from adipocytes in mediating type 2 immunity cues in subcutaneous WAT associated with decreased hepatic steatosis, but with no accompanying induction of browning and increased energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ann Normann Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Petersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Henningsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilenia Severi
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Loris Sartini
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Yvonne Schober
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - W Andreas Nockher
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, SLA C94, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Saverio Cinti
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Metagenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cinti S. White, brown, beige and pink: A rainbow in the adipose organ. Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research 2019; 4:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
34
|
Perugini J, Di Mercurio E, Tossetta G, Severi I, Monaco F, Reguzzoni M, Tomasetti M, Dani C, Cinti S, Giordano A. Biological Effects of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor on hMADS Adipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:768. [PMID: 31781039 PMCID: PMC6861295 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to experimental animals exerts anti-obesity effects by acting on multiple targets. In white adipose tissue CNTF reduces lipid content, promotes fatty acid (FA) oxidation and improves insulin sensitivity. This study was performed to establish whether CNTF exerts similar effects on human white adipocytes. To this end, adipose differentiation was induced in vitro in human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells. CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα) expression was assessed in hMADS cells and adipocytes by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. After administration of human recombinant CNTF, signaling pathways and gene expression were evaluated by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Glucose uptake was assessed by measuring 2-nitrobenzodeoxyglucose uptake with a fluorescence plate reader. Lastly, CNTF-induced anti-inflammatory responses were evaluated in hMADS adipocytes stressed with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) for 24 h. Results showed that CNTFRα protein expression was higher in undifferentiated hMADS cells than in hMADS adipocytes, where it was however clearly detectable. In hMADS adipocytes, 1 nM CNTF strongly activated the JAK-STAT3 (Janus kinase-signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3) pathway and acutely and transiently activated the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and AKT (protein kinase B) pathways. Acute CNTF treatment for 20 min significantly increased basal glucose uptake and was associated with increased AKT phosphorylation. Longer-term (24 and 48 h) treatment reduced the expression of lipogenic markers (FA synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1) and increased the expression of lipolytic [hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] and mitochondrial (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) markers. In TNFα-treated hMADS adipocytes, CNTF significantly reduced the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and TNFα-induced AKT inhibition. Collectively, these findings demonstrate for the first time that CNTF plays a role also in human adipocytes, driving their metabolism toward a less lipid-storing and more energy-consuming phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Mercurio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcella Reguzzoni
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Christian Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, United Hospitals, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Giordano
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Farias TDSM, Cruz MM, de Sa RCDC, Severi I, Perugini J, Senzacqua M, Cerutti SM, Giordano A, Cinti S, Alonso-Vale MIC. Melatonin Supplementation Decreases Hypertrophic Obesity and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31749764 PMCID: PMC6848267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from critical periods of positive energy balance characterized by caloric intake greater than energy expenditure. This disbalance promotes adipose tissue dysfunction which is related to other comorbidities. Melatonin is a low-cost therapeutic agent and studies indicate that its use may improve obesity-related disorders. To evaluate if the melatonin is efficient in delaying or even blocking the damages caused by excessive ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, as well as improving the inflammatory profile triggered by obesity herein, male C57BL/6 mice of 8 weeks were induced to obesity by a HFD and treated for 10 weeks with melatonin. The results demonstrate that melatonin supplementation attenuated serum triglyceride levels and total and LDL cholesterol and prevented body mass gain through a decreased lipogenesis rate and increased lipolytic capacity in white adipocytes, with a concomitant increment in oxygen consumption and Pgc1a and Prdm16 expression. Altogether, these effects prevented adipocyte hypertrophy caused by HFD and reflected in decreased adiposity. Finally, melatonin supplementation reduced the crown-like-structure (CLS) formation, characteristic of the inflammatory process by macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue of obese subjects, as well as decreased the gene expression of inflammation-related factors, such as leptin and MCP1. Thus, the melatonin can be considered a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate the metabolic and inflammatory disorders triggered by obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talita da Silva Mendes de Farias
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maysa Mariana Cruz
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cavalcante da Cunha de Sa
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Suzete Maria Cerutti
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pellegrinelli V, Peirce VJ, Howard L, Virtue S, Türei D, Senzacqua M, Frontini A, Dalley JW, Horton AR, Bidault G, Severi I, Whittle A, Rahmouni K, Saez-Rodriguez J, Cinti S, Davies AM, Vidal-Puig A. Adipocyte-secreted BMP8b mediates adrenergic-induced remodeling of the neuro-vascular network in adipose tissue. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4974. [PMID: 30478315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue-mediated thermogenesis is a strategy for tackling obesity and promoting metabolic health. BMP8b is secreted by brown/beige adipocytes and enhances energy dissipation. Here we show that adipocyte-secreted BMP8b contributes to adrenergic-induced remodeling of the neuro-vascular network in adipose tissue (AT). Overexpression of bmp8b in AT enhances browning of the subcutaneous depot and maximal thermogenic capacity. Moreover, BMP8b-induced browning, increased sympathetic innervation and vascularization of AT were maintained at 28 °C, a condition of low adrenergic output. This reinforces the local trophic effect of BMP8b. Innervation and vascular remodeling effects required BMP8b signaling through the adipocytes to 1) secrete neuregulin-4 (NRG4), which promotes sympathetic axon growth and branching in vitro, and 2) induce a pro-angiogenic transcriptional and secretory profile that promotes vascular sprouting. Thus, BMP8b and NRG4 can be considered as interconnected regulators of neuro-vascular remodeling in AT and are potential therapeutic targets in obesity. Enhancing thermogenesis is a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting metabolic health. Here the authors show that adipocyte-secreted BMP8b contributes to optimizing the thermogenic response by remodeling of the neuro-vascular networks in brown and white adipose tissue.
Collapse
|
37
|
Perugini J, Bordoni L, Venema W, Acciarini S, Cinti S, Gabbianelli R, Giordano A. Zic1 mRNA is transiently upregulated in subcutaneous fat of acutely cold-exposed mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2031-2036. [PMID: 30343504 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian adipose organ cold exposure not only activates typical brown adipose tissue, but also induces browning, that is the formation of thermogenic multilocular adipocytes in white, or predominantly white, adipose depots such as subcutaneous fat. Unlike typical brown adipocytes, newly formed thermogenic adipocytes have been reported not to express the gene zinc finger of the cerebellum 1 (Zic1). Here, a time course approach enabled us to document a significant increase in Zic1 messenger RNA in inguinal subcutaneous fat from acutely (24 hr) cold-exposed mice, which was paralleled by an increase in multilocular and paucilocular uncoupling protein 1-positive adipocytes and in parenchymal noradrenergic innervation. This transient, depot-specific molecular signature was associated not to Zic1 promoter demethylation, but to chromatin remodeling through an H3K9me3 histone modification. These findings challenge the notion that Zic1 is exclusively expressed by typical brown adipocytes and suggest its involvement in brown adipocyte precursor differentiation and/or white-to-brown adipocyte transdifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Marche, Italy
| | - Laura Bordoni
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Wiebe Venema
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Marche, Italy
| | - Samantha Acciarini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Marche, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Marche, Italy
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Marche, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Professor of Human Anatomy, Director, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Adipocytes are lipid-rich parenchymal cells contained in a very plastic organ, whose composition can undergo striking physiologic changes. In standard conditions the organ contains white and brown adipocytes which play opposite roles: lipid storage to meet metabolic requirements and lipid burning for thermogenesis, respectively. During chronic cold exposure, white adipocytes transdifferentiate to brown, to increase thermogenesis, whereas in conditions of chronic positive energy balance brown adipocytes transdifferentiate to white, to increase energy stores. During pregnancy, lactation, and post-lactation, subcutaneous white adipocytes convert to milk-producing glands formed by lipid-rich elements that can be defined as pink adipocytes. Recent fate-mapping data support the conversion of pink to brown adipocytes and the reversible conversion of brown adipocytes to myoepithelial cells of alveoli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Camastra S, Vitali A, Anselmino M, Gastaldelli A, Bellini R, Berta R, Severi I, Baldi S, Astiarraga B, Barbatelli G, Cinti S, Ferrannini E. Publisher Correction: Muscle and adipose tissue morphology, insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in diabetic and nondiabetic obese patients: effects of bariatric surgery. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8177. [PMID: 29784999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
There are many reports concerning the morphology of hairy cell leukemia (HCL), but, to our knowledge, there are no data on the ultrastructural modifications of HCL during interferon therapy. The ultrastructural modifications of neoplastic cells In peripheral blood in a case of HCL were investigated before and 2 and 4 months after beginning treatment with human lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon. Before therapy, hairy cells displayed the typical cytoplasmic projections, and 4 % contained ribosome-lamellae complexes (RLC) (the cells contained up to 7 RLC). Two months from the beginning of therapy, hairy cells had shorter projections, RLC had disappeared, and tubuloreticular structures (TRS) had appeared in 2.2 % of the elements. Four months from the beginning of therapy, TRS persisted in 2.3 % of hairy cells, cylindrical confronting cisternae (CCC) appeared in 6.8 % of the cells, and uncommon RLC, in close contact with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane, were found in 1.5 % of the elements. The cells contained up to 3 RLC. Our data confirm that interferon stimulates the synthesis of TRS and CCC, whereas the reappearance of uncommon forms of RLC could reflect their neosynthesis, possibly related to the interferon therapy. The frequent findings of a close contact between RLC and nuclear membrane support the view that RLC are derived not only from rough endoplasmic reticulum, but also from the nuclear membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Morroni
- Istituto di Morfologia Umana Normale, Università di Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Aims and background To test the diagnostic relevance of the presence of ribosome-lamellae complexes (RLC) in 18 hairy cell leukemia (HCL) cases, and to correlate clinical response to interferon (IFN) therapy with hairy cell ultrastructural modifications in 5 of these cases. Methods Peripheral blood samples of 18 HCL patients were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Five of these patients received IFN treatment and subsequently were evaluated at different intervals for ultrastructural modifications of the peripheral blood. Results RLC were observed in 66.66% of our 18 HCL patients, but in less than 1% of all the cases contained in the files (consisting of over 8,000 cases) of our Electron Microscopy Unit. The microvilli disappeared after IFN therapy in the patients who did not display RLC before therapy (2 cases), whereas they were fewer, shortened and blunted, but still evident, in the cases where RLC had been observed before therapy (3 cases). Moreover, in the HCL cases with pre-therapy RLC, neoplastic cells still synthesized RLC after IFN treatment, but their morphologic aspect was immature. Conclusions Our study suggests that: 1) the presence of RLC, when associated to the hairy aspect of the cells, has considerable diagnostic value even though RLC are observed in other rare neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions; 2) HCL cases with pre-therapy RLC exhibited a morphologic response to IFN therapy different from that of cases without pre-therapy RLC; 3) the quantitative and qualitative modifications of RLC following IFN treatment, as yet unexplained, are probably related to IFN action, in line with a previous report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Morroni
- Institute of Normal Human Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ancona - U.S.L. 12, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
A case of gangliocytic paraganglioma of the duodenum, the 25th in world medical literature, is reported. The histologic appearance consists of epithelioid cell nests resembling « Zellballen » of carotid body tumors, together with gangliocyte-like elements. Ultramicroscopically, the cytoplasm of the cells contains round electron-dense granules or a large number of filaments. Occasional cells contain both granules and filaments.
Collapse
|
44
|
Benador IY, Veliova M, Mahdaviani K, Petcherski A, Wikstrom JD, Assali EA, Acín-Pérez R, Shum M, Oliveira MF, Cinti S, Sztalryd C, Barshop WD, Wohlschlegel JA, Corkey BE, Liesa M, Shirihai OS. Mitochondria Bound to Lipid Droplets Have Unique Bioenergetics, Composition, and Dynamics that Support Lipid Droplet Expansion. Cell Metab 2018; 27:869-885.e6. [PMID: 29617645 PMCID: PMC5969538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria associate with lipid droplets (LDs) in fat-oxidizing tissues, but the functional role of these peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) is unknown. Microscopic observation of interscapular brown adipose tissue reveals that PDM have unique protein composition and cristae structure and remain adherent to the LD in the tissue homogenate. We developed an approach to isolate PDM based on their adherence to LDs. Comparison of purified PDM to cytoplasmic mitochondria reveals that (1) PDM have increased pyruvate oxidation, electron transport, and ATP synthesis capacities; (2) PDM have reduced β-oxidation capacity and depart from LDs upon activation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and β-oxidation; (3) PDM support LD expansion as Perilipin5-induced recruitment of mitochondria to LDs increases ATP synthase-dependent triacylglyceride synthesis; and (4) PDM maintain a distinct protein composition due to uniquely low fusion-fission dynamics. We conclude that PDM represent a segregated mitochondrial population with unique structure and function that supports triacylglyceride synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Y Benador
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kiana Mahdaviani
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jakob D Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Dermato-Venereology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Essam A Assali
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaël Shum
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus F Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carole Sztalryd
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William D Barshop
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kotzbeck P, Giordano A, Mondini E, Murano I, Severi I, Venema W, Cecchini MP, Kershaw EE, Barbatelli G, Haemmerle G, Zechner R, Cinti S. Brown adipose tissue whitening leads to brown adipocyte death and adipose tissue inflammation. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:784-794. [PMID: 29599420 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m079665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores and releases lipids, whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT) oxidizes lipids to fuel thermogenesis. In obese individuals, WAT undergoes profound changes; it expands, becomes dysfunctional, and develops a low-grade inflammatory state. Importantly, BAT content and activity decline in obese subjects, mainly as a result of the conversion of brown adipocytes to white-like unilocular cells. Here, we show that BAT "whitening" is induced by multiple factors, including high ambient temperature, leptin receptor deficiency, β-adrenergic signaling impairment, and lipase deficiency, each of which is capable of inducing macrophage infiltration, brown adipocyte death, and crown-like structure (CLS) formation. Brown-to-white conversion and increased CLS formation were most marked in BAT from adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl)-deficient mice, where, according to transmission electron microscopy, whitened brown adipocytes contained enlarged endoplasmic reticulum, cholesterol crystals, and some degenerating mitochondria, and were surrounded by an increased number of collagen fibrils. Gene expression analysis showed that BAT whitening in Atgl-deficient mice was associated to a strong inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Altogether, the present findings suggest that converted enlarged brown adipocytes are highly prone to death, which, by promoting inflammation in whitened BAT, may contribute to the typical inflammatory state seen in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kotzbeck
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Incoronata Murano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wiebe Venema
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Cecchini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Giorgio Barbatelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zoico E, Darra E, Rizzatti V, Budui S, Franceschetti G, Mazzali G, Rossi AP, Fantin F, Menegazzi M, Cinti S, Zamboni M. Adipocytes WNT5a mediated dedifferentiation: a possible target in pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20223-35. [PMID: 26958939 PMCID: PMC4991449 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant epidemiological association between obesity and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has previously been described, as well as a correlation between the degree of pancreatic steatosis, PDAC risk and prognosis. The underlying mechanisms are still not completely known. After co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and MiaPaCa2 with an in vitro transwell system we observed the appearance of fibroblast-like cells, along with a decrease in number and size of remaining adipocytes. RT-PCR analyses of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in co-culture showed a decrease in gene expression of typical markers of mature adipocytes, in parallel with an increased expression of fibroblast-specific and reprogramming genes. We found an increased WNT5a gene and protein expression early in MiaPaCa2 cells in co-culture. Additionally, EMSA of c-Jun and AP1 in 3T3-L1 demonstrated an increased activation in adipocytes after co-culture. Treatment with WNT5a neutralizing antibody completely reverted the activation of c-Jun and AP1 observed in co-cultured adipocytes. Increasing doses of recombinant SFRP-5, a competitive inhibitor for WNT5a receptor, added to the co-culture medium, were able to block the dedifferentiation of adipocytes in co-culture. These data support a WNT5a-mediated dedifferentiation process with adipocytes reprogramming toward fibroblast-like cells that might profoundly influence cancer microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zoico
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Darra
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vanni Rizzatti
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Budui
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Franceschetti
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fantin
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity-University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pierantonelli I, Rychlicki C, Agostinelli L, Giordano DM, Gaggini M, Fraumene C, Saponaro C, Manghina V, Sartini L, Mingarelli E, Pinto C, Buzzigoli E, Trozzi L, Giordano A, Marzioni M, De Minicis S, Uzzau S, Cinti S, Gastaldelli A, Svegliati-Baroni G. Author Correction: Lack of NLRP3-inflammasome leads to gut-liver axis derangement, gut dysbiosis and a worsened phenotype in a mouse model of NAFLD. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17568. [PMID: 29229928 PMCID: PMC5725532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pierantonelli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Rychlicki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Agostinelli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Melania Gaggini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Fraumene
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico della Sardegna, Alghero, Italy
| | - Chiara Saponaro
- Cardiometabolic Risk Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Manghina
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico della Sardegna, Alghero, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Loris Sartini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mingarelli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudio Pinto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emma Buzzigoli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Trozzi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Samuele De Minicis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sergio Uzzau
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico della Sardegna, Alghero, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Obesity Center, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. .,Obesity Center, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pisani DF, Barquissau V, Chambard JC, Beuzelin D, Ghandour RA, Giroud M, Mairal A, Pagnotta S, Cinti S, Langin D, Amri EZ. Mitochondrial fission is associated with UCP1 activity in human brite/beige adipocytes. Mol Metab 2018; 7:35-44. [PMID: 29198749 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Thermogenic adipocytes (i.e. brown or brite/beige adipocytes) are able to burn large amounts of lipids and carbohydrates as a result of highly active mitochondria and enhanced uncoupled respiration, due to UCP1 activity. Although mitochondria are the key organelles for this thermogenic function, limited human data are available. Methods/results We characterized changes in the mitochondrial function of human brite adipocytes, using hMADS cells as a model of white- to brite-adipocyte conversion. We found that profound molecular modifications were associated with morphological changes in mitochondria. The fission process was partly driven by the DRP1 protein, which also promoted mitochondrial uncoupling. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that white-to-brite conversion of human adipocytes relies on molecular, morphological and functional changes in mitochondria, which enable brite/beige cells to carry out thermogenesis. Human white to brite adipocyte conversion is associated with increased mitochondriogenesis. Mitochondria of human brite adipocytes show a fragmented morphology. Human brite adipocytes with fragmented mitochondria display higher uncoupling activity. The fission-controlling enzyme DRP1 is required in human brite adipocytes to acquire full uncoupling capacity.
Collapse
|
49
|
Reis FCG, Branquinho JLO, Brandão BB, Guerra BA, Silva ID, Frontini A, Thomou T, Sartini L, Cinti S, Kahn CR, Festuccia WT, Kowaltowski AJ, Mori MA. Fat-specific Dicer deficiency accelerates aging and mitigates several effects of dietary restriction in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1201-22. [PMID: 27241713 PMCID: PMC4931827 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, and this can be prevented by dietary restriction (DR). We have previously shown that DR inhibits the downregulation of miRNAs and their processing enzymes - mainly Dicer - that occurs with aging in mouse white adipose tissue (WAT). Here we used fat-specific Dicer knockout mice (AdicerKO) to understand the contributions of adipose tissue Dicer to the metabolic effects of aging and DR. Metabolomic data uncovered a clear distinction between the serum metabolite profiles of Lox control and AdicerKO mice, with a notable elevation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in AdicerKO. These profiles were associated with reduced oxidative metabolism and increased lactate in WAT of AdicerKO mice and were accompanied by structural and functional changes in mitochondria, particularly under DR. AdicerKO mice displayed increased mTORC1 activation in WAT and skeletal muscle, where Dicer expression is not affected. This was accompanied by accelerated age-associated insulin resistance and premature mortality. Moreover, DR-induced insulin sensitivity was abrogated in AdicerKO mice. This was reverted by rapamycin injection, demonstrating that insulin resistance in AdicerKO mice is caused by mTORC1 hyperactivation. Our study evidences a DR-modulated role for WAT Dicer in controlling metabolism and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C G Reis
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica L O Branquinho
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Brandão
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A Guerra
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ismael D Silva
- Department of Gynecology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Thomas Thomou
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Loris Sartini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - William T Festuccia
- Departament of Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ruiz de Azua I, Mancini G, Srivastava RK, Rey AA, Cardinal P, Tedesco L, Zingaretti CM, Sassmann A, Quarta C, Schwitter C, Conrad A, Wettschureck N, Vemuri VK, Makriyannis A, Hartwig J, Mendez-Lago M, Bindila L, Monory K, Giordano A, Cinti S, Marsicano G, Offermanns S, Nisoli E, Pagotto U, Cota D, Lutz B. Adipocyte cannabinoid receptor CB1 regulates energy homeostasis and alternatively activated macrophages. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4148-4162. [PMID: 29035280 DOI: 10.1172/jci83626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated adipocyte physiology leads to imbalanced energy storage, obesity, and associated diseases, imposing a costly burden on current health care. Cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) plays a crucial role in controlling energy metabolism through central and peripheral mechanisms. In this work, adipocyte-specific inducible deletion of the CB1 gene (Ati-CB1-KO) was sufficient to protect adult mice from diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic alterations and to reverse the phenotype in already obese mice. Compared with controls, Ati-CB1-KO mice showed decreased body weight, reduced total adiposity, improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced energy expenditure, and fat depot-specific cellular remodeling toward lowered energy storage capacity and browning of white adipocytes. These changes were associated with an increase in alternatively activated macrophages concomitant with enhanced sympathetic tone in adipose tissue. Remarkably, these alterations preceded the appearance of differences in body weight, highlighting the causal relation between the loss of CB1 and the triggering of metabolic reprogramming in adipose tissues. Finally, the lean phenotype of Ati-CB1-KO mice and the increase in alternatively activated macrophages in adipose tissue were also present at thermoneutral conditions. Our data provide compelling evidence for a crosstalk among adipocytes, immune cells, and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), wherein CB1 plays a key regulatory role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Ruiz de Azua
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giacomo Mancini
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raj Kamal Srivastava
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alejandro Aparisi Rey
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pierre Cardinal
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Tedesco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Maria Zingaretti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonia Sassmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Endocrinology Unit and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Schwitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Conrad
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - V Kiran Vemuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jens Hartwig
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krisztina Monory
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Resilience Center, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|