901
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Abstract
This two-phase qualitative study explores the experiences of 10 formerly incarcerated LGBT elders' experiences prior to, during, and after release from prison. A core theme of self and the social mirror emerged from the data that represented LGBT elders ongoing coming-out process of unearthing their "true selves" despite managing multiple stigmatized identities or social locations, such as being LGBT, elderly, HIV positive, formerly incarcerated, and a racial/ethnic minority. These findings further our awareness of an overlooked population of LGBT who are older and involved in the criminal justice system. Recommendations that incorporate suggestions from formerly incarcerated LGBT elders for services and policy reform are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Maschi
- a Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Jo Rees
- b Department of Social Work , Long Island University Brooklyn , Brooklyn , New York , USA
| | - Eileen Klein
- c Department of Social Work , Ramapo College , Mahwah , New Jersey , USA
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902
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D'haese L, Dewaele A, Houtte MV. Homophobic Violence, Coping Styles, Visibility Management, and Mental Health: A Survey of Flemish Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals. J Homosex 2016; 63:1211-1235. [PMID: 26854942 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1150057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of how lesbians, gays, and bisexuals cope with homophobic violence is limited. Therefore, on the one hand, this study focuses on avoidance, problem-oriented, and emotion-oriented coping as general coping styles. On the other hand, special attention is paid to visibility management as a coping strategy that can be applied in a heteronormative context. Moreover, the moderating role of general coping styles and visibility management in the relationship between homophobic violence and negative mental health outcomes is studied. Data were collected from 1,402 Flemish lesbians, gays, and bisexuals. Stepwise regression analyses shows that coping styles and visibility management have a direct effect on mental health; however, no evidence for a moderating effect is found. Additionally, visibility management and emotion-oriented coping are found to exert a combined effect on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies D'haese
- a Department of Sociology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Alexis Dewaele
- b Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
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903
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Bil JP, van der Veldt WM, Prins M, Stolte IG, Davidovich U. Motives of Dutch men who have sex with men for daily and intermittent HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis usage and preferences for implementation: A qualitative study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4910. [PMID: 27684827 PMCID: PMC5265920 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although PrEP is not yet registered in Europe, including the Netherlands, its approval and implementation are expected in the near future. To inform future pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation, this study aimed to gain insight into motives and preferences for daily or intermittent PrEP use among Dutch HIV-negative men having sex with men (MSM).Between February and December 2013, semistructured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached (N = 20). Interviews were analyzed using the Grounded Theory approach.Motives for (not) using daily PrEP were based on beliefs about PrEP efficacy and side effects, preferences for other prevention strategies, self-perceived HIV risk, self-perceived efficacy of PrEP adherence, beliefs about possible benefits (e.g., anxiety reduction, sex life improvement), and barriers of PrEP use (e.g., costs, monitoring procedures). The perceived benefits of intermittent versus daily PrEP use were the lower costs and side effects and the lower threshold to decision to start using intermittent PrEP. Barriers of intermittent PrEP versus daily PrEP use were the perceived need to plan their sex life and adhere to multiple prevention strategies. Although some perceived PrEP as a condom substitute, others were likely to combine PrEP and condoms for sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention and increased HIV protection. Participants preferred PrEP service locations to have specialized knowledge of HIV, antiretroviral therapy, sexual behavior, STIs, patients' medical background, be easily approachable, be able to perform PrEP follow-up monitoring, and provide support.To maximize the public health impact of PrEP, ensuring high uptake among MSM at highest risk is important. Therefore, targeted information about PrEP efficacy and side effects need to be developed, barriers for accessing PrEP services should be minimized, and perceived self-efficacy to use PrEP should be addressed and improved. To prevent increases in STIs, condom use should be monitored and PrEP should be integrated into routine STI screening and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke P. Bil
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Janneke P. Bil, MSc, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (e-mail: ); Udi Davidovich, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (e-mail: )
| | - Wendy M. van der Veldt
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ineke G. Stolte
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Udi Davidovich
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Janneke P. Bil, MSc, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (e-mail: ); Udi Davidovich, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands (e-mail: )
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904
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Kuyper L, Bos H. Mostly Heterosexual and Lesbian/Gay Young Adults: Differences in Mental Health and Substance Use and the Role of Minority Stress. J Sex Res 2016; 53:731-741. [PMID: 26515026 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1071310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Individuals mostly attracted to other-sex but also to same-sex partners are a distinct and common sexual orientation group with possibly increased levels of health problems. The current study examined whether mostly heterosexual individuals differed in mental health and substance use from lesbian/gay individuals and whether sexual minority risk and protective factors offer an explanation in a sample of 528 Dutch young adults (16 to 25 years old, M = 21.2 years). Mostly heterosexual participants reported higher levels of psychological distress, suicidality, drug use, and smoking than lesbian/gay participants and equal levels of binge drinking. They also reported higher levels of internalized negativity to same-sex attractions, less openness to family members and others, less community involvement, and lower numbers of lesbian/gay/bisexual friends. However, bootstrapped mediation analysis showed that the differences in minority stress risk and protective factors did not mediate most of the differences in mental health and substance use with one exception: higher levels of psychological distress were mediated by the higher levels of internalized negativity to same-sex attractions. The limited explanatory power of the minority stress factors combined with the elevated level of problems of mostly heterosexual individuals call for future studies examining other risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Kuyper
- a Department of Education, Minorities, and Methodologies , The Netherlands Institute for Social Research
| | - Henny Bos
- b Research Institute of Child Development and Education , University of Amsterdam
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905
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Millard T, Agius PA, McDonald K, Slavin S, Girdler S, Elliott JH. The Positive Outlook Study: A Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating Online Self-Management for HIV Positive Gay Men. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:1907-18. [PMID: 26896121 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online self-management program in improving health outcomes and well-being for gay men living with HIV in Australia. The online Positive Outlook Program was based on self-efficacy theory and used a self-management approach to enhance HIV-positive gay men's skills, confidence and abilities to manage the psychosocial issues associated with HIV in daily life. The 7-week program was delivered in closed groups and comprised information modules, action-planning activities, moderated discussion boards, and weekly peer-facilitated 'live chats'. A randomised controlled trial was conducted to establish the effectiveness of the Positive Outlook program compared to a 'usual care' control. Participants were HIV-positive gay men 18 years or older living in Australia. Primary outcomes were evaluated at three time-points (baseline, post-intervention and 12-week's post-intervention follow-up) and included HIV-related quality of life (PROQOL-HIV), outcomes of health education (HeiQ) and HIV specific self-efficacy (Positive Outlook Self-Efficacy Scale). A total of 132 gay men with HIV in Australia were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 68) or usual care control (n = 64) groups. Maximum likelihood marginal-linear modelling indicated significant improvement in the intervention group on the PROQOL-HIV subscales of body change (p = 0.036), social relationships (p = 0.035) and emotional distress (p = 0.031); the HeiQ subscales of health-directed activity (p = 0.048); constructive attitudes and approaches (p = 0.015); skill and technique acquisition (p = 0.046) and health service navigation (p = 0.008); and the Positive Outlook Self-Efficacy Scale on the subscales of relationships (p = 0.019); social participation (p = 0.006); and emotions (p = 0.041). Online delivery of self-management programs is feasible and has the potential to improve quality of life, self-management skills and domain specific self-efficacy for gay men with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Millard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Level 2 Burnet Tower, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Paul A Agius
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karalyn McDonald
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Level 2 Burnet Tower, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Jean Hailes Research Unit, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean Slavin
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonya Girdler
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Julian H Elliott
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Level 2 Burnet Tower, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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906
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Hurt CB, Soni K, Miller WC, Hightow-Weidman LB. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Practices and Interest in Self-Testing Options Among Young, Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in North Carolina. Sex Transm Dis 2016; 43:587-93. [PMID: 27513387 PMCID: PMC4991826 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young, black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) experience disproportionately high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in the United States. Relative to other at-risk populations, less is known about their HIV testing behaviors and preferences regarding self-testing. METHODS We used an online survey to investigate testing practices and interest in self-testing among HIV-uninfected, 18- to 30-year-old YBMSM in North Carolina. RESULTS From July 2014 to March 2015, 212 completed the survey; median age was 24 years. Among 175 (83%) who had ever been tested, 160 (91%) reported testing in the prior year, 124 (71%) tested at least every 6 months, and 71 (40%) tested at least quarterly. About three quarters (77%; n = 164) were aware of HIV self-testing; 35 (17%) had ever purchased rapid (n = 27) or dried blood spot-based (n = 14) kits. Participants aware of kits had greater intention to test in the next 6 months, were more likely to have income for basic necessities and to ask sex partners about HIV status, and were less likely to have a main sex partner or to have had transactional sex. Among 142 participants at least somewhat likely to self-test in the future, convenience (35%), privacy (23%), and rapid result delivery (18%) were the principal motivators. CONCLUSIONS Eight of every 10 YBMSM have ever been tested for HIV, but intertest intervals remain unacceptably long for many. Awareness of and interest in self-testing is substantial, but few have used this method. Expanded use of self-tests could help increase the frequency of HIV testing in this epidemiologically important population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Hurt
- From the *Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, and †Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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907
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Abstract
Hispanic lesbian mothers face bicultural tensions that stigmatize their roles as mothers. Religion could produce heightened conflict given their potential incompatibility with the role of a "good mother." In particular, there is a potential for conflict between the definition of a "good mother" set forth in Catholicism and the sexual orientation of Hispanic lesbians. I conducted semistructured in-depth interviews to examine how Hispanic lesbian mothers negotiate their Catholic religious identity with aspects of their sexual identity. More specifically, I examined the strategies that Hispanic lesbian mothers use to reconcile or navigate perceived conflict between their roles as a Catholic and as a lesbian. The research questions to be answered were: How do Hispanic lesbian mothers negotiate a Catholic religious and a sexual identity? How do Hispanic lesbian mothers create and maintain a religious narrative? How do Hispanic lesbian mothers redefine religion and spirituality?
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelma Tuthill
- a Department of Sociology , Rice University , Houston , Texas , USA
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908
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Rostosky SS, Riggle EDB, Rothblum ED, Balsam KF. Same-Sex Couples' Decisions and Experiences of Marriage in the Context of Minority Stress: Interviews From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study. J Homosex 2016; 63:1019-1040. [PMID: 27191207 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1191232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the emerging context of marriage equality, it is important to explore the reasons for and experience of marriage for long-term same-sex couples, including the role of minority stress. In Wave 3 of the population-based, longitudinal CUPPLES Study we interviewed 21 long-term same-sex couples (14 female, 7 male) who resided in 12 different states and who were legally married. Couple members ranged in age from 37 to 84 and reported being together as a couple from 15 to 41 years. Seven couples lived in states that did not recognize their marriage at the time of the interview. Legal protection and social validation emerged as the two primary domains that captured couples' lived experiences of marriage. Minority stress experiences emerged in the narratives in the context of couples' long-term commitment, the availability of civil marriage, and couples' participation in activist efforts on behalf of marriage equality for themselves and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon S Rostosky
- a Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - Ellen D B Riggle
- b Department of Political Science and Department of Gender and Women's Studies , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - Esther D Rothblum
- c Women's Studies Department , San Diego State University and Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Kimberly F Balsam
- d Pacific Graduate School of Psychology , Palo Alto University , Palo Alto , California , USA
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909
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Flynn AB, Johnson RM, Bolton SL, Mojtabai R. Victimization of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People in Childhood: Associations with Attempted Suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:457-70. [PMID: 27484047 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Higher rates of attempted suicide have been documented among people who identify themselves as gay, lesbian, and bisexual (LGB) compared with heterosexuals. This study sought to ascertain the association between childhood abuse and neglect and attempted suicide, comparing LGBs and heterosexuals. Childhood sexual abuse among men and childhood sexual and physical abuse among women were found to mediate the association between LGB identity and attempted suicide. The experience of childhood abuse likely plays a significant role in the relationship between LGB identity and attempted suicide, but other factors such as experience of discrimination are also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Flynn
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shay-Lee Bolton
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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910
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Hamdi N, Lachheb M, Anderson E. Queen of Fights: Lesbians in Tunisian Sports. J Homosex 2016; 63:1127-1145. [PMID: 26653095 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2015.1117902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sport within the Muslim context, including in the location of this study, Tunisia, remains an institution designed for the promotion of a heterosexual form of masculinity and the degradation of both femininity and women's athleticism. Unlike recent advancements in the West, homosexuality remains viewed almost entirely negatively by the political, religious, and social debates in Muslim cultures. This overt hostility has almost entirely erased any visible gay culture within Muslim sports. It is within this context that this study finds importance. It represents the first-ever examination into the lives of lesbian Muslim athletes, in either a Muslim majority or non-majority state. Conducted on three lesbian athletes living in the Islamic country of Tunisia, we show that each is out of the closet to varying degrees but that homophobia within their sports-even on majority lesbian teams-remains rife. We discuss the coping strategies these athletes invoke to negotiate their sexual orientation in this highly homophobic nation and homohysteric sporting culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Hamdi
- a Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Éducation Physique-Tunis , Manouba , Tunisia
| | - Monia Lachheb
- b Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Éducation Physique de Tunis , Université de la Manouba , Tunisie , Manouba , Tunisia
| | - Eric Anderson
- c Department of Sport and Exercise , University of Winchester , Winchester , UK
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911
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Nguyen TQ, Poteat T, Bandeen-Roche K, German D, Nguyen YH, Vu LKC, Nguyen NTT, Knowlton AR. The Internalized Homophobia Scale for Vietnamese Sexual Minority Women: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates. Arch Sex Behav 2016; 45:1329-1346. [PMID: 27007469 PMCID: PMC4945363 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed the first Vietnamese Internalized Homophobia (IH) scale for use with Vietnamese sexual minority women (SMW). Drawing from existing IH scales in the international literature and based on prior qualitative research about SMW in the Viet Nam context, the scale covers two domains: self-stigma (negative attitudes toward oneself as a sexual minority person) and sexual prejudice (negative attitudes toward homosexuality/same-sex relations in general). Scale items, including items borrowed from existing scales and items based on local expressions, were reviewed and confirmed by members of the target population. Quantitative evaluation used data from an anonymous web-based survey of Vietnamese SMW, including those who identified as lesbian (n = 1187), or as bisexual (n = 641) and those who were unsure about their sexual identity (n = 353). The scale was found to consist of two highly correlated factors reflecting self-stigma (not normal/wholesome and self-reproach and wishing away same-sex sexuality) and one factor reflecting sexual prejudice, and to have excellent internal consistency. Construct validity was evidenced by subscale associations with a wide range of hypothesized correlates, including perceived sexual stigma, outness, social support, connection to other SMW, relationship quality, psychological well-being, anticipation of heterosexual marriage, and endorsement of same-sex marriage legalization. Self-stigma was more strongly associated with psychosocial correlates, and sexual prejudice was more associated with endorsement of legal same-sex marriage. The variations in these associations across the hypothesized correlates and across sexual identity groups were consistent with the minority stress model and the IH literature, and exhibited context-specific features, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Room 896, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for Studies of Society, Economy and Environment, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tonia Poteat
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle German
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Nam Thi-Thu Nguyen
- Institute for Studies of Society, Economy and Environment, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- Health Policy and Strategy Institute, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Amy R Knowlton
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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912
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Swann G, Minshew R, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B. Validation of the Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory in Two Diverse Samples of LGBTQ Youth. Arch Sex Behav 2016; 45:1289-98. [PMID: 27067241 PMCID: PMC4945424 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Critical race theory asserts that microaggressions, or low-level, covert acts of aggression, are commonplace in the lives of people of color. These theorists also assert a taxonomy of microaggressions, which includes "microassaults," "microinsults," and "microinvalidations". The theory of microaggressions has been adopted by researchers of LGBTQ communities. This study investigated the three-factor taxonomy as it relates to a diverse sample of LGBTQ youth using the newly developed Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory (SOMI). Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the number of factors that exist in SOMI in a sample of 206 LGBTQ-identifying youth. Follow up confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in order to compare single-factor, unrestricted four-factor, second-order, and bi-factor models in a separate sample of 363 young men who have sex with men. The best fitting model was used to predict victimization, depressive symptoms, and depression diagnosis in order to test validity. The best fitting model was a bi-factor model utilizing 19 of the original 26 items with a general factor and four specific factors representing anti-gay attitudes ("microinsults"), denial of homosexuality, heterosexism ("microinvalidations"), and societal disapproval ("microassaults"). Reliability analyses found that the majority of reliable variance was accounted for by the general factor. The general factor was a significant predictor of victimization and depressive symptoms, as well as unrelated to social desirability, suggesting convergent, criterion-related, and discriminant validity. SOMI emerged as a scale with evidence of validity for assessing exposure to microaggressions in a diverse sample of LGBTQ youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Swann
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Reese Minshew
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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913
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Brewer PR, Wilson DC, Habegger M. Wedding Imagery and Public Support for Gay Marriage. J Homosex 2016; 63:1041-1051. [PMID: 26849489 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1150023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study uses an experiment embedded in a large, nationally representative survey to test whether exposure to imagery of a gay or lesbian couple's wedding influences support for gay marriage. It also tests whether any such effects depend on the nature of the image (gay or lesbian couple, kissing or not) and viewer characteristics (sex, age, race, education, religion, and ideology). Results show that exposure to imagery of a gay couple kissing reduced support for gay marriage relative to the baseline. Other image treatments (gay couple not kissing, lesbian couple kissing, lesbian couple not kissing) did not significantly influence opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Brewer
- a Center for Political Communication , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware , USA
| | - David C Wilson
- b Department of Political Science and International Relations , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware , USA
| | - Michael Habegger
- b Department of Political Science and International Relations , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware , USA
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914
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Shilo G, Yossef I, Savaya R. Religious Coping Strategies and Mental Health Among Religious Jewish Gay and Bisexual Men. Arch Sex Behav 2016; 45:1551-61. [PMID: 26324183 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of positive and negative religious coping strategies on the mental health of 113 Israeli gay and bisexual Jewish males with high levels of religiosity, and how sexual identity formation (internalized homophobia and coming out) and societal variables (family and friends' acceptance of sexual orientation and social connections within the LGBT community) mitigated the effects of religious coping strategies on mental health. Findings showed that when dealing with the stress arising from the conflict between religious and sexual identities, individuals used both positive and negative religious coping strategies, but only negative religious coping was associated with poorer mental health. In addition, only in the presence of social resources (social connections with the LGBT community and the acceptance of sexual orientation by friends), did the use of positive religious coping result in better mental health outcomes. These findings underlined the importance of these resilience social factors in the lives of religious Jewish gay and bisexual men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Shilo
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Ifat Yossef
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Riki Savaya
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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915
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Abstract
This study explores the push-pull vacation motivations of gay male and lesbian consumers and examines how these underpin their perceptions and purchase constraints of a mainstream and LGBT(1) cruise. Findings highlight a complex vacation market. Although lesbians and gay men share many of the same travel motivations as their heterosexual counterparts, the study reveals sexuality is a significant variable in their perception of cruise vacations, which further influences purchase constraints and destination choice. Gay men have more favorable perceptions than lesbians of both mainstream and LGBT cruises. The article recommends further inquiry into the multifaceted nature of motivations, perception, and constraints within the LGBT market in relation to cruise vacations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Weeden
- a School of Sport and Service Management , University of Brighton , Eastbourne , East Sussex , UK
| | - Jo-Anne Lester
- a School of Sport and Service Management , University of Brighton , Eastbourne , East Sussex , UK
| | - Nigel Jarvis
- a School of Sport and Service Management , University of Brighton , Eastbourne , East Sussex , UK
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916
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Hanke K, van Egmond MC, Crespo C, Boer D. Blessing or burden? The role of appraisal for family rituals and flourishing among LGBT adults. J Fam Psychol 2016; 30:562-568. [PMID: 27159796 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent trends toward greater societal acceptance of LGBT individuals in many Western countries, the elevated chances of being confronted by rejection and hostility or fear are still likely to lead to detrimental psychological health outcomes for this population. The current study assesses how the family can be a resource for psychological well-being. Based on self-determination theory and the family ritual literature, we hypothesize that the various family rituals enhance the chances that the human need for relatedness will be satisfied and positively contribute to the degree to which the person flourishes in life. Second, we test which factors mediate this pathway. For this purpose, a 3-factorial scale (Family Ritual Appraisal Scale) that assesses the appraisal with which LGBT adults evaluate the participation in family rituals was developed. In a multiple-mediation analysis, 3 factors (inclusion of self, inclusion of partner, and sense of obligation) were found to mediate significantly the degree by which family rituals lead to higher levels of relatedness in the family and thereby to higher levels of flourishing. Together, the results suggest that it is meaningful to assess the ways in which family rituals are conducted and experienced by individual family members on the effects of family rituals on psychological well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hanke
- Department of Psychology & Methods, Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen
| | | | | | - Diana Boer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau
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917
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Doyle DM, Molix L. Disparities in Social Health by Sexual Orientation and the Etiologic Role of Self-Reported Discrimination. Arch Sex Behav 2016; 45:1317-1327. [PMID: 26566900 PMCID: PMC4866902 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some past work indicates that sexual minorities may experience impairments in social health, or the perceived and actual availability and quality of one's social relationships, relative to heterosexuals; however, research has been limited in many ways. Furthermore, it is important to investigate etiological factors that may be associated with these disparities, such as self-reported discrimination. The current work tested whether sexual minority adults in the United States reported less positive social health (i.e., loneliness, friendship strain, familial strain, and social capital) relative to heterosexuals and whether self-reported discrimination accounted for these disparities. Participants for the current study (N = 579) were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk, including 365 self-identified heterosexuals (105 women) and 214 sexual minorities (103 women). Consistent with hypotheses, sexual minorities reported impaired social health relative to heterosexuals, with divergent patterns emerging by sexual orientation subgroup (which were generally consistent across sexes). Additionally, self-reported discrimination accounted for disparities across three of four indicators of social health. These findings suggest that sexual minorities may face obstacles related to prejudice and discrimination that impair the functioning of their relationships and overall social health. Moreover, because social health is closely related to psychological and physical health, remediating disparities in social relationships may be necessary to address other health disparities based upon sexual orientation. Expanding upon these results, implications for efforts to build resilience among sexual minorities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Matthew Doyle
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, 2007 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Lisa Molix
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, 2007 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
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918
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Scheibe A, Howell S, Müller A, Katumba M, Langen B, Artz L, Marks M. Finding solid ground: law enforcement, key populations and their health and rights in South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc 2016; 19:20872. [PMID: 27435710 PMCID: PMC4951529 DOI: 10.7448/ias.19.4.20872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex workers, people who use drugs, men who have sex with men, women who have sex with women and transgender people in South Africa frequently experience high levels of stigma, abuse and discrimination. Evidence suggests that such abuse is sometimes committed by police officers, meaning that those charged with protection are perpetrators. This reinforces cycles of violence, increases the risk of HIV infection, undermines HIV prevention and treatment interventions and violates the constitutional prescriptions that the police are mandated to protect. This paper explores how relationship building can create positive outcomes while taking into account the challenges associated with reforming police strategies in relation to key populations, and vice versa. DISCUSSION We argue that relationships between law enforcement agencies and key populations need to be re-examined and reconstituted to enable appropriate responses and services. The antagonistic positioning, "othering" and blame assignment frequently seen in interactions between law enforcement officials and key populations can negatively influence both, albeit for different reasons. In addressing these concerns, we argue that mediation based on consensual dialogue is required, and can be harnessed through a process that highlights points of familiarity that are often shared, but not understood, by both parties. Rather than laying blame, we argue that substantive changes need to be owned and executed by all role-players, informed by a common language that is cognisant of differing perspectives. CONCLUSIONS Relational approaches can be used to identify programmes that align goals that are part of law enforcement, human rights and public health despite not always being seen as such. Law enforcement champions and representatives of key populations need to be identified and supported to promote interventions that are mutually reinforcing, and address perceived differences by highlighting commonality. Creating opportunities to share experiences in mediation can be beneficial to all role-players. While training is important, it is not a primary mechanism to change behaviour and attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Scheibe
- Independent Consultant, Cape Town, South Africa
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;
| | - Simon Howell
- Centre of Criminology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexandra Müller
- Gender, Health and Justice Research Unit, Division of Forensic Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Lillian Artz
- Gender, Health and Justice Research Unit, Division of Forensic Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique Marks
- Urban Futures Centre, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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919
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Talley AE, Gilbert PA, Mitchell J, Goldbach J, Marshall BDL, Kaysen D. Addressing gaps on risk and resilience factors for alcohol use outcomes in sexual and gender minority populations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 35:484-93. [PMID: 27072658 PMCID: PMC4930390 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES In 2011, the Institute of Medicine released a report that constituted the first comprehensive effort by a federal body to understand the current state of science pertinent to the health needs of sexual and gender minority populations. This mini-review summarises recent empirical, methodological and theoretical advances in alcohol-related research among to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) populations and highlights progress towards addressing gaps, with a particular interest in those identified by the Institute of Medicine report. APPROACH Articles published since 2011 were identified from PsycINFO and PubMed database searches, using various combinations of keyword identifiers (alcohol, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, LGBT, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender). Reference sections of included articles were also examined for additional citations. KEY FINDINGS Recent empirical work has contributed to a greater understanding of sub-group differences within this diverse population. Evidence has supported theorised influences that can account for alcohol-related disparities, yet important gaps remain. Studies that examine the role of gender identity and its intersection with sexual identity within transgender and gender non-conforming sub-populations are lacking. Methodological advances in this literature have begun to allow for examinations of how minority-specific and general risk factors of alcohol misuse may contribute to patterns of alcohol involvement over time and within social-relational contexts CONCLUSIONS The recommendations made in the current mini-review are meant to facilitate future collaborative efforts, scale development, thoughtful methodological design and analysis and theoretically driven nuanced hypotheses to better understand, and ultimately address, alcohol-related disparities among sexual and gender minority populations. [Talley AE, Gilbert PA, Mitchell J, Goldbach J, Marshall BDL, Kaysen D. Addressing gaps on risk and resilience factors for alcohol use outcomes in sexual and gender minority populations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:484-493].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E. Talley
- Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, United States
| | - Paul A. Gilbert
- Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Jason Mitchell
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Jeremy Goldbach
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Brandon D. L. Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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920
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Bowling J, Dodge B, Banik S, Rodriguez I, Mengele SR, Herbenick D, Guerra-Reyes L, Sanders S, Dange A, Anand V. Perceived health concerns among sexual minority women in Mumbai, India: an exploratory qualitative study. Cult Health Sex 2016; 18:826-840. [PMID: 26873141 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2015.1134812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The experiences of sexual minority women (i.e., women who do not identify as 'heterosexual') in India have largely been absent in scientific literature. In partnership with India's oldest and largest sexual and gender minority-advocacy organisation, the Humsafar Trust, our study used community-based participatory research principles to explore the lived experiences and health concerns of sexual minority women in Mumbai. Study methodologies included interviews with key informants, a focus group comprised of six women, and an additional 12 in-person interviews with sexual minority women to identify important physical, mental, social and other health priorities from these women's perspectives. Thematic data are organised within the framework offered by the social ecological model, including individual, interpersonal, micro and macro levels. Findings from this study are important in providing the groundwork for future research and intervention involving sexual minority women in India, a dramatically underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamyn Bowling
- a Center for Sexual Health Promotion , Indiana University , Bloomington, USA
| | - Brian Dodge
- a Center for Sexual Health Promotion , Indiana University , Bloomington, USA
| | - Swagata Banik
- b Public Health Program , Baldwin Wallace University , Berea, USA
| | - Israel Rodriguez
- a Center for Sexual Health Promotion , Indiana University , Bloomington, USA
| | | | - Debby Herbenick
- a Center for Sexual Health Promotion , Indiana University , Bloomington, USA
| | - Lucia Guerra-Reyes
- a Center for Sexual Health Promotion , Indiana University , Bloomington, USA
| | - Stephanie Sanders
- d The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction , Indiana University , Indiana , USA
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921
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Hughes AK, Luz C, Hall D, Gardner P, Hennessey CW, Lammers L. Transformative Theatre: A Promising Educational Tool for Improving Health Encounters With LGBT Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Educ 2016; 37:292-306. [PMID: 26886812 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2015.1127812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) older adults are often unaware or fearful of aging services that contribute to greater vulnerability, isolation, and risk when services are needed. In addition, they may perceive or experience bias in health care encounters. Providers may not recognize their own biases or their impact on such encounters. In response, a group of LGBT community activists, aging professionals, researchers, and a theatre ensemble developed an interactive theatre experience, described herein, that portrays challenges faced by LGBT older adults needing services. Goals included raising awareness among LGBT older adults and providers about issues such as the limited legal rights of partners, limited family support, and fear of being mistreated as a result of homophobia. Evaluations and feedback reflected the potential of interactive theatre to engage people in sensitive discussions that can lead to increased awareness, reduced bias, practice change, and ultimately improved care for LGBT older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Hughes
- a School of Social Work , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan , USA
| | - Clare Luz
- b College of Human Medicine , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan , USA
| | | | - Penny Gardner
- d Writing, Rhetoric, and American Culture (WRAC) , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan , USA
| | | | - Lynn Lammers
- f Transforming Theatre Ensemble , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan , USA
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922
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the mental health and substance use of sexual minority collegiate student-athletes in the United States, as compared with heterosexual college students and heterosexual student-athletes. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students (N = 196,872) who completed the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment (Fall 2008-Fall 2012 administrations). METHODS Written cross-sectional survey. RESULTS Sexual minority student-athletes had a higher risk of experiencing mental health difficulties than their heterosexual athlete peers. There were no significant differences in mental health between sexual minority male athletes and nonathletes. Sexual minority female athletes appeared to fare better than nonathlete peers. Substance use was greater among sexual minority students (athlete and nonathlete) and was mediated by mental health. CONCLUSIONS Participation in athletics does not appear to be associated with an elevated risk of negative mental health outcomes for sexual minority participants; however, there are disparities in mental health outcomes by sexual orientation regardless of athletics participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
- b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Ann Kearns Davoren
- c National Collegiate Athletic Association , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
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923
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Abstract
In his 2006 article in the Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America (JIMA), Dr. Ahmed qualified the predominant psychiatric view on homosexuality by recourse to opinions prevalent within reparative therapy circles. Conservative Muslim thinkers, online counselors, and other professionals continue to hold opinions similar to those delineated by Dr. Ahmed in his journal article. We use his article as a focal point to critique the general opinions upheld by conservative Muslim thinkers by alluding to the harms associated with reparative therapy and by rejecting the unreasonable prescription of permanent celibacy. We critique Dr. Ahmed's association of homosexuality with mental health issues, fatal diseases, alcoholism, and illicit sexual intercourse. Investigating the Muslim tradition, we encourage conservative Muslim leaders to facilitate Muslim gays and lesbians in their legitimate human need for intimacy, affection, and companionship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid B Jahangir
- a Department of Anthropology, Economics and Political Science , MacEwan University , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Hussein Abdul-Latif
- b Pediatric Endocrinology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
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924
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Badenes-Ribera L, Bonilla-Campos A, Frias-Navarro D, Pons-Salvador G, Monterde-I-Bort H. Intimate Partner Violence in Self-Identified Lesbians: A Systematic Review of Its Prevalence and Correlates. Trauma Violence Abuse 2016; 17:284-297. [PMID: 26018210 DOI: 10.1177/1524838015584363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the first systematic review on intimate partner violence (IPV) in self-identified lesbians in same-sex couples. Studies published from January 1990 to December 2013 were analyzed. Of the 687 studies reviewed, 59 were preselected, of which 14 studies were selected that met the inclusion and methodological quality criteria. A summary is presented of the characteristics of the studies, the participants, the prevalence of IPV victimization and perpetration, and its correlates. All the studies were carried out in the United States and used a nonprobabilistic sampling method. The majority of participants were White with a high educational level. The results indicate that all the forms of violence occur, but the most prevalent is emotional/psychological violence. The correlates positively associated with IPV are certain personality characteristics, fusion, previous IPV experience, a family history of violence, and alcohol consumption. This review finds significant limitations in the analyzed literature. Methodological recommendations are made for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Badenes-Ribera
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Bonilla-Campos
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Frias-Navarro
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Pons-Salvador
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hector Monterde-I-Bort
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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925
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Abstract
Gay and bisexual boys and men experience social stigma associated with their sexual minority status that can negatively influence health. In addition, experiencing sexual orientation stigma may be linked to a decreased capacity to effectively form and maintain secure attachment relationships with parents, peers, and romantic partners across the life-course. We proposed that utilizing a framework that integrates the process by which sexual minority men develop attachment relationships in the context of sexual minority stress can lead to a better understanding of health and well-being among sexual minority boys and men. In addition, we highlight where future research can expand upon the presented model in order to better understand the developmental processes through which attachment and sexual minority stress influences health and health behaviors among sexual minority boys and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H. Cook
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, 726 Broadway, New York, NY, 10010, Phone: (212) 998-5525
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH I, Room 3814, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029
| | - Benjamin Calebs
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, 500 S State St # 2005, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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926
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Poteat VP, Calzo JP, Yoshikawa H. Promoting Youth Agency Through Dimensions of Gay-Straight Alliance Involvement and Conditions that Maximize Associations. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1438-51. [PMID: 26781740 PMCID: PMC4900925 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gay-Straight Alliances (GSAs) may promote wellbeing for sexual minority youth (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning youth) and heterosexual youth. We considered this potential benefit of GSAs in the current study by examining whether three GSA functions-support/socializing, information/resource provision, and advocacy-contributed to sense of agency among GSA members while controlling for two major covariates, family support and the broader school LGBT climate. The sample included 295 youth in 33 Massachusetts GSAs (69 % LGBQ, 68 % cisgender female, 68 % white; M age = 16.06 years). Based on multilevel models, as hypothesized, youth who received more support/socializing, information/resources, and did more advocacy in their GSA reported greater agency. Support/socializing and advocacy distinctly contributed to agency even while accounting for the contribution of family support and positive LGBT school climate. Further, advocacy was associated with agency for sexual minority youth but not heterosexual youth. Greater organizational structure enhanced the association between support/socializing and agency; it also enhanced the association between advocacy and agency for sexual minority youth. These findings begin to provide empirical support for specific functions of GSAs that could promote wellbeing and suggest conditions under which their effects may be enhanced.
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927
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Eisenberg ME, McMorris BJ, Gower AL, Chatterjee D. Bullying victimization and emotional distress: is there strength in numbers for vulnerable youth? J Psychosom Res 2016; 86:13-9. [PMID: 27302541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines whether the prevalence of vulnerable peers in school protects the emotional health of youth who are lesbian, gay, bisexual or questioning (LGBQ), overweight, or have a disability, and if the adverse emotional effects of bullying victimization are mitigated by the presence of these peers. METHODS Survey data come from a large school-based sample of adolescents attending 505 schools. The primary independent variable was the percent of students in school with each vulnerability characteristic. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated the odds of internalizing problems, self-harm, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among students who were LGBQ, overweight or had a disability. Cross-level interaction terms were added to determine if the association between being victimized and emotional distress was moderated by the presence of vulnerable peers. RESULTS Greater presence of similar students was, on average, protective against emotional distress for LGBQ girls and overweight boys. In contrast, greater presence of students with a disability was, on average, a risk factor among girls with a disability. Several tests of effect modification indicated that odds of emotional distress for those who had been victimized were lower in schools with a higher proportion of vulnerable youth. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a similar peer group may increase the likelihood that a bystander or witness to bullying will react in a helpful way. School personnel, health care providers and other youth service professionals should inquire about social relationships at school, including experiences of harassment and perceptions of peer support, to buffer negative experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
| | - Barbara J McMorris
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amy L Gower
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Debanjana Chatterjee
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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928
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Langrehr KJ, Thomas AJ, Morgan SK. Confirmatory evidence for a multidimensional model of racial-ethnic socialization for transracially adoptive families. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2016; 22:432-439. [PMID: 26985870 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study is to test a recently established model of racial-ethnic socialization (Langrehr, 2014) among 2 samples of White transracially adoptive parents and to assess whether the proposed model functions similarly after accounting for adopted child race. METHOD Based on a modified version of the Racial Bias Preparation Scale (Fisher, Wallace, & Fenton, 2000), confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the 3-factor model (i.e., Prejudice Awareness, Racial-Ethnic Pride, and Egalitarianism) among 172 White transracially adoptive parents with Asian children (Mage = 45.72) and 140 White transracially adoptive parents with Black children (Mage = 42.62). In addition, multigroup invariance testing was used to assess whether the proposed model functioned similarly across the 2 groups of parents. RESULTS Results indicate that the proposed 3-factor model demonstrated partial measurement invariance such that the subconstruct of Egalitarianism functioned similarly across groups, whereas Racial-Ethnic Pride and Prejudice Awareness were deemed noninvariant. CONCLUSIONS Findings are intended to help expand the concept of racial-ethnic socialization for transracially adoptive families and address the degree to which current research on racial-ethnic socialization can be applied to different transracially adoptive families. Results are intended to highlight ways that various social-cultural dimensions of family can culminate into different socialization experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Langrehr
- Division of Counseling and Educational Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | | | - Sydney K Morgan
- Division of Counseling and Educational Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City
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929
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Edwards KM, Sylaska KM. Reactions to Participating in Intimate Partner Violence and Minority Stress Research: A Mixed Methodological Study of Self-Identified Lesbian and Gay Emerging Adults. J Sex Res 2016; 53:655-665. [PMID: 26421906 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1035428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine lesbian and gay (LG) young adults' reactions to participating in intimate partner violence (IPV) and minority stress research using a mixed methodological design. Participants were 277 U.S. college students currently involved in same-sex relationships and self-identified cisgender LG who completed an online questionnaire that included closed- and open-ended questions. Results suggested that IPV research was well tolerated by the vast majority of participants; close to one in 10 participants reported being upset by the study questions, yet 75% of upset individuals reported some level of personal benefit. Reasons for upset as identified in the open-ended responses included thinking about personal experiences with IPV, as the perpetrator or friend of a victim, as well as thinking about the uncertainty of their future with their current partner. The correlates of emotional reactions and personal benefits to research participation were also examined, and these varied among gay men and lesbian women. Implications of these findings underscore the importance of accurate reflection of risk and benefits in informed consent documents as well as systematic evaluation of sexual minority participants' reactions to research participation in an effort to conduct ethically sound sexual science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Edwards
- a Department of Psychology and Women's Studies , Prevention Innovations Research Center, and the Carsey School of Public Policy, University of New Hampshire
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930
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VanKim NA, Erickson DJ, Eisenberg ME, Lust K, Rosser BRS, Laska MN. Relationship between weight-related behavioral profiles and health outcomes by sexual orientation and gender. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1572-81. [PMID: 27193906 PMCID: PMC5024549 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine relationships between weight-related factors and weight status, body dissatisfaction, chronic health conditions, and quality of life across sexual orientation and gender. METHODS Two- and four-year college students participated in the College Student Health Survey (n = 28,703; 2009-2013). Risk differences were calculated to estimate relationships between behavioral profiles and weight status, body satisfaction, diagnosis of a chronic condition, and quality of life, stratified by gender and sexual orientation. Four behavioral profiles, characterized as "healthier eating habits, more physically active," "healthier eating habits," "moderate eating habits," and "unhealthy weight control," were utilized based on latent class analyses, estimated from nine weight-related behavioral survey items. RESULTS Sexual orientation differences in weight and quality of life were identified. For example, sexual minority groups reported significantly poorer quality of life than their heterosexual counterparts (females: 22.5%-38.6% (sexual minority) vs. 19.8% (heterosexual); males: 14.3%-26.7% (sexual minority) vs. 11.8% (heterosexual)). Compared with the "healthier eating habits, more physically active" profile, the "unhealthy weight control" profile was associated with obesity, poor body satisfaction, and poor quality of life in multiple gender/sexual orientation subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Interventions are needed to address obesity, body dissatisfaction, and poor quality of life among sexual minority college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A VanKim
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Darin J Erickson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katherine Lust
- Boynton Health Service, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - B R Simon Rosser
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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931
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Goedel WC, Halkitis PN, Greene RE, Duncan DT. Correlates of Awareness of and Willingness to Use Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Geosocial-Networking Smartphone Applications in New York City. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:1435-42. [PMID: 26966013 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Geosocial-networking smartphone applications are commonly used by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) to meet sexual partners. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate awareness of and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM who use geosocial-networking smartphone applications residing in New York City. Recruitment utilizing broadcast advertisements on a popular smartphone application for MSM yielded a sample of 152 HIV-uninfected MSM. Multivariable models were used to assess demographic and behavioral correlates of awareness of and willingness to use PrEP. Most participants (85.5 %) had heard about PrEP but few (9.2 %) reported current use. Unwillingness to use PrEP was associated with concerns about side effects (PR = 0.303; 95 % CI 0.130, 0.708; p = 0.006). Given that more than half (57.6 %) of participants were willing to use PrEP, future research is needed to elucidate both individual and structural barriers to PrEP use among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Goedel
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Perry N Halkitis
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Population Center, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard E Greene
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Population Center, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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932
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Abstract
Young people who discover their sexual attraction to people of the same sex often go through a period of ambivalence or distress, especially when they grow up in an environment that condemns homosexuality. The Dutch sociopolitical context makes the expression of same-sex desires among those with non-Dutch roots even more complicated and risky, as prevailing schemes of interpretation render the two identities incompatible. This study explores the expressions of same-sex desires and identities as well as the different forms of agency of bicultural gay youth. In-depth interviews with 14 young adults reveal how young people negotiate bicultural identities in Dutch society that brings to the fore complexities in managing diverse sexual identities and strong religious and cultural affiliations in tandem. Their strategies have the effect of questioning dominant discourses and transcend the oppositional dichotomy between sexual and ethnic forms of sociocultural otherness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Cense
- a Research Department , Rutgers , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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933
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Abstract
Previous psychological and public health research has highlighted the impact of legal recognition of same-sex relationships on individual identity and mental health. Using a sample of U.S. sexual minority (N = 313) and heterosexual (N = 214) adults, participants completed a battery of mental health inventories prior to the nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) examining identity revealed sexual minority participants living in states where same-sex marriage was banned experienced significantly higher levels of internalized homonegativity than sexual minority participants living in states where same-sex marriage was legal, even after controlling for state-level political climate. Mental health ANCOVAs revealed sexual minority participants residing in states without same-sex marriage experienced greater anxiety and lower subjective wellbeing compared to sexual minority participants residing in states with same-sex marriage and heterosexual participants residing in states with or without same-sex marriage. Implications for public policy and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Tatum
- a School of Education , Loyola University Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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934
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Puckett JA, Horne SG, Surace F, Carter A, Noffsinger-Frazier N, Shulman J, Detrie P, Ervin A, Mosher C. Predictors of Sexual Minority Youth's Reported Suicide Attempts and Mental Health. J Homosex 2016; 64:697-715. [PMID: 27268386 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1196999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth (LGBY) report higher rates of mental health concerns compared to heterosexual youth due to minority stressors. This study examined the interpersonal and intrapersonal variables that predict psychological distress and self-reported suicide attempts in a sample of 61 LGBY in the Mid-South, which is a highly overlooked regional area for LGBY research. Youth who lost friends when coming out were 29 times more likely to report suicide attempts, and those who experienced psychological maltreatment from caregivers were 9.5 times more likely to report a suicide attempt. Internalized heterosexism, feelings of guilt or shame, and psychological maltreatment from caregivers were significant predictors of depression and anxiety symptoms. This study highlights the importance of creating affirming spaces for LGBY, particularly in areas of the country that experience greater political oppression of sexual minorities, such as the Mid-South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae A Puckett
- a Department of Psychology , University of South Dakota , Vermillion , South Dakota , USA
| | - Sharon G Horne
- b Department of Psychology , University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Francisco Surace
- b Department of Psychology , University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Alice Carter
- b Department of Psychology , University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Nicole Noffsinger-Frazier
- c Department of Psychology , University Wellness Center, The University of the South , Sewanee , Tennessee , USA
| | - Julie Shulman
- d Department of Counseling , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park , California , USA
| | - Pam Detrie
- e Counseling Services , Rhodes College, Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Audrey Ervin
- f Graduate Counseling Psychology , Delaware Valley University , Doylestown , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Chad Mosher
- g LGBTQI Services , Living Out Loud Health and Wellness Center , Tucson , Arizona , USA
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935
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Winskell K, Sabben G. Sexual stigma and symbolic violence experienced, enacted, and counteracted in young Africans' writing about same-sex attraction. Soc Sci Med 2016; 161:143-50. [PMID: 27299976 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the health disparities faced by sexual minority populations and the critical role played by sexual stigma in increasing their vulnerability. Experienced, anticipated, and internalized, stigma based on sexual orientation reduces access to HIV/STI prevention and treatment services among African men who have sex with men and has been linked to compromised mental health, risk-taking, and HIV status. It is likely that similar processes undermine the health of sexual minority African women and transgender and non-binary people. There is a need for increased understanding of both the contextual factors and the cultural meanings, or symbolic violence, that inform sexual stigma and harmful stigma management strategies in contexts that are culturally and socio-politically oppressive for sexual and gender minorities. Using thematic data analysis and narrative-based methodologies, we analyzed narratives and essays on same-sex attraction contributed by young people aged 13-24 from ten African countries to a Spring 2013 scriptwriting competition on HIV, sexuality, and related themes. Submitted by 27 male and 29 female authors, the texts were written in response to a prompt inviting participants to "Tell a story about someone who is attracted to people of the same sex". We analyzed the ways in which sexual stigma and its effects are described, enacted, and counteracted in the texts. The data provide insights into the social and symbolic processes that create and sustain sexual stigma in the context of broader transnational discourses. The data shed light on psychosocial challenges faced by sexual minority youth and identify both rhetoric, stereotypes, and discourse that devalue them and representations that counteract this symbolic violence. We share our findings in the hope they may inform education and communication programming as part of multi-level efforts to improve the health and human rights of sexual minority populations in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Winskell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Gaëlle Sabben
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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936
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Peek ME, Lopez FY, Williams HS, Xu LJ, McNulty MC, Acree ME, Schneider JA. Development of a Conceptual Framework for Understanding Shared Decision making Among African-American LGBT Patients and their Clinicians. J Gen Intern Med 2016; 31:677-87. [PMID: 27008649 PMCID: PMC4870421 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-016-3616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing patient-centered care and shared decision making (SDM) has become a national priority as a means of engaging patients in their care, improving treatment adherence, and enhancing health outcomes. Relatively little is known about the healthcare experiences or shared decision making among racial/ethnic minorities who also identify as being LGBT. The purpose of this paper is to understand how race, sexual orientation and gender identity can simultaneously influence SDM among African-American LGBT persons, and to propose a model of SDM between such patients and their healthcare providers. METHODS We reviewed key constructs necessary for understanding SDM among African-American LGBT persons, which guided our systematic literature review. Eligible studies for the review included English-language studies of adults (≥ 19 y/o) in North America, with a focus on LGBT persons who were African-American/black (i.e., > 50 % of the study population) or included sub-analyses by sexual orientation/gender identity and race. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases using MESH terms and keywords related to shared decision making, communication quality (e.g., trust, bias), African-Americans, and LGBT persons. Additional references were identified by manual reviews of peer-reviewed journals' tables of contents and key papers' references. RESULTS We identified 2298 abstracts, three of which met the inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, one was cross-sectional and two were qualitative; one study involved transgender women (91 % minorities, 65 % of whom were African-Americans), and two involved African-American men who have sex with men (MSM). All of the studies focused on HIV infection. Sexual orientation and gender identity were patient-reported factors that negatively impacted patient/provider relationships and SDM. Engaging in SDM helped some patients overcome normative beliefs about clinical encounters. In this paper, we present a conceptual model for understanding SDM in African-American LGBT persons, wherein multiple systems of social stratification (e.g., race, gender, sexual orientation) influence patient and provider perceptions, behaviors, and shared decision making. DISCUSSION Few studies exist that explore SDM among African-American LGBT persons, and no interventions were identified in our systematic review. Thus, we are unable to draw conclusions about the effect size of SDM among this population on health outcomes. Qualitative work suggests that race, sexual orientation and gender work collectively to enhance perceptions of discrimination and decrease SDM among African-American LGBT persons. More research is needed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of shared decision making and subsequent health outcomes among African-Americans along the entire spectrum of gender and sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E Peek
- Section of General Internal Medicine, , The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, , The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, , The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Fanny Y Lopez
- Section of General Internal Medicine, , The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, , The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Sharif Williams
- Center for Culture, Sexuality and Spirituality, , Goddard College, Plainfield, VT, USA
- Undergraduate Programs, , Goddard College, Plainfield, VT, USA
| | - Lucy J Xu
- Section of General Internal Medicine, , The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Moira C McNulty
- Section of Infectious Diseases, , The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Ellen Acree
- Section of Infectious Diseases, , The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A Schneider
- Section of Infectious Diseases, , The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, , University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, , University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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937
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Abstract
Shared decision making (SDM) occurs when patients and clinicians work together to reach care decisions that are both medically sound and responsive to patients' preferences and values. SDM is an important tenet of patient-centered care that can improve patient outcomes. Patients with multiple minority identities, such as sexual orientation and race/ethnicity, are at particular risk for poor SDM. Among these dual-minority patients, added challenges to clear and open communication include cultural barriers, distrust, and a health care provider's lack of awareness of the patient's minority sexual orientation or gender identity. However, organizational factors like a culture of inclusion and private space throughout the visit can improve SDM with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ("LGBT") racial/ethnic minority patients who have faced stigma and discrimination. Most models of shared decision making focus on the patient-provider interaction, but the health care organization's context is also critical. Context-an organization's structure and operations-can strongly influence the ability and willingness of patients and clinicians to engage in shared decision making. SDM is most likely to be optimal if organizations transform their contexts and patients and providers improve their communication. Thus, we propose a conceptual model that suggests ways in which organizations can shape their contextual structure and operations to support SDM. The model contains six drivers: workflows, health information technology, organizational structure and culture, resources and clinic environment, training and education, and incentives and disincentives. These drivers work through four mechanisms to impact care: continuity and coordination, the ease of SDM, knowledge and skills, and attitudes and beliefs. These mechanisms can activate clinicians and patients to engage in high-quality SDM. We provide examples of how specific contextual changes could make SDM more effective for LGBT racial/ethnic minority populations, focusing especially on transformations that would establish a safe environment, build trust, and decrease stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. DeMeester
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reducing Health Care Disparities Through Payment and Delivery System Reform Program Office, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Fanny Y. Lopez
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Jennifer E. Moore
- Institute for Medicaid Innovation, Washington, DC USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Scott C. Cook
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reducing Health Care Disparities Through Payment and Delivery System Reform Program Office, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Marshall H. Chin
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Reducing Health Care Disparities Through Payment and Delivery System Reform Program Office, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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938
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Goodrich KM, Buser JK, Luke M, Buser TJ. Spiritual and Sexual Identity: Exploring Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients' Perspectives of Counseling. J Homosex 2016; 63:783-807. [PMID: 26513678 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2015.1112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although religious and spiritual issues have emerged as areas of focus in counseling, very few scholars have explored the meaning and experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients who addressed their sexual and religious/spiritual identities in counseling. Using consensual qualitative research (CQR; Hill, 2012), the current study explores the perspectives of 12 LGB persons who sought counseling that involved religious/spiritual concerns. Four themes in participant interviews are identified, including (a) self-acceptance, (b) goals of counseling, (c) identification with counselor, and (d) counseling environment and relationship. Implications of findings for the counseling field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher M Goodrich
- a Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico , USA
| | - Juleen K Buser
- b Department of Graduate Education, Leadership, and Counseling , Rider University , Lawrenceville , New Jersey , USA
| | - Melissa Luke
- c Department of Counseling and Human Services , Syracuse University , Syracuse , New York , USA
| | - Trevor J Buser
- b Department of Graduate Education, Leadership, and Counseling , Rider University , Lawrenceville , New Jersey , USA
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939
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Abstract
Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and the Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement study datasets, this study examined whether natural mentoring relationships during adolescence were associated with young adult outcomes among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons. Outcomes in three domains were investigated: education and employment, psychological wellbeing, and substance use and abuse. Results indicated that LGB persons reporting natural mentors during adolescence were about three times as likely to graduate from high school as those without. Discussion surrounds strategies to foster mentoring relationships within the school environment or community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Drevon
- a Department of Psychology , Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , Michigan , USA
| | - Elbert P Almazan
- b Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work , Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , Michigan , USA
| | - Susan Jacob
- a Department of Psychology , Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , Michigan , USA
| | - Katrina N Rhymer
- a Department of Psychology , Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , Michigan , USA
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940
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Bränström R, Hatzenbuehler ML, Pachankis JE, Link BG. Sexual Orientation Disparities in Preventable Disease: A Fundamental Cause Perspective. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:1109-15. [PMID: 26985608 PMCID: PMC4880229 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether fundamental cause theory (which posits that, in societal conditions of unequal power and resources, members of higher-status groups experience better health than members of lower-status groups because of their disproportionate access to health-protective factors) might be relevant in explaining health disparities related to sexual orientation. METHODS We used 2001 to 2011 morbidity data from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort, a representative general population-based study in Sweden. A total of 66 604 (92.0%) individuals identified as heterosexual, 848 (1.2%) as homosexual, and 806 (1.1%) as bisexual. To test fundamental cause theory, we classified diseases in terms of preventability potential (low vs high). RESULTS There were no sexual orientation differences in morbidity from low-preventable diseases. By contrast, gay or bisexual men (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13, 1.93) and lesbian or bisexual women (adjusted OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.28, 2.10) had a greater risk of high-preventable morbidity than heterosexual men and women, respectively. These differences were sustained in analyses adjusted for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support fundamental cause theory and suggest that unequal distribution of health-protective resources, including knowledge, prestige, power, and supportive social connections, might explain sexual orientation health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bränström
- Richard Bränström is with the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Mark L. Hatzenbuehler and Bruce G. Link are with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY. John E. Pachankis is with the Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Mark L Hatzenbuehler
- Richard Bränström is with the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Mark L. Hatzenbuehler and Bruce G. Link are with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY. John E. Pachankis is with the Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - John E Pachankis
- Richard Bränström is with the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Mark L. Hatzenbuehler and Bruce G. Link are with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY. John E. Pachankis is with the Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Bruce G Link
- Richard Bränström is with the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Mark L. Hatzenbuehler and Bruce G. Link are with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY. John E. Pachankis is with the Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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941
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Marx RA, Kettrey HH. Gay-Straight Alliances are Associated with Lower Levels of School-Based Victimization of LGBTQ+ Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1269-82. [PMID: 27221632 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gay-straight alliances (GSAs) are school-based organizations for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) youth and their allies that often attempt to improve school climate for sexual and gender minority youth. This meta-analysis evaluates the association between school GSA presence and youth's self-reports of school-based victimization by quantitatively synthesizing 15 primary studies with 62,923 participants. Findings indicate GSA presence is associated with significantly lower levels of youth's self-reports of homophobic victimization, fear for safety, and hearing homophobic remarks, and these results are robust, controlling for a variety of study-level factors. The findings of this meta-analysis provide evidence to support GSAs as a means of protecting LGTBQ+ youth from school-based victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Marx
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Peabody College of Education, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA.
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942
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Rockenbach AN, Lo MA, Mayhew MJ. How LGBT College Students Perceive and Engage the Campus Religious and Spiritual Climate. J Homosex 2016; 64:488-508. [PMID: 27216234 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1191239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare how students of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities perceive the campus religious and spiritual climate and engage in interfaith and spiritual activities during college. Using data from a national study of 13,776 students at 52 institutions that took part in the Campus Religious and Spiritual Climate Survey, results indicate significant variations in perceptions and engagement by sexual orientation and gender identity. In addition, worldview identity shapes the relationships between sexual orientation and gender identity and perceptions of and engagement on campus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N Rockenbach
- a Department of Educational Leadership, Policy, and Higher Development , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina , USA
| | - Marc A Lo
- b Department of Administration, Leadership and Technology, New York University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Matthew J Mayhew
- c Department of Educational Studies, The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio , USA
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943
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Foster AB, Brewster ME, Velez BL, Eklund A, Keum BT. Footprints in the Sand: Personal, Psychological, and Relational Profiles of Religious, Spiritual, and Atheist LGB Individuals. J Homosex 2016; 64:466-487. [PMID: 27216087 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1191237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study offers a comparison of the demographic features and lived experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals with religious, spiritual, or atheist (R/S/A) belief systems. In this sample of 212 participants, the relationship of participants' R/S/A beliefs to personal variables (e.g., age, gender, race), mental health variables (e.g., life satisfaction, psychological distress, internalized heterosexism, self-esteem), and relational variables (e.g., outness, connection to LGBTQ communities) were assessed. Correlational analyses indicated that level of R/S/A belief was unrelated to self-esteem, life satisfaction, or psychological distress; however, greater religious belief was correlated positively and significantly with internalized heterosexism and outness as LGB. To test the interactions of R/S/A beliefs and categorical variables of interest (e.g., race), log-linear analyses with follow-up chi-square tests were conducted. Findings suggested more similarities than differences for LGB people across R/S/A systems of belief. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasha B Foster
- a Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology , Teachers College, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Melanie E Brewster
- a Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology , Teachers College, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | | | - Austin Eklund
- a Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology , Teachers College, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Brian T Keum
- a Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology , Teachers College, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
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944
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Van Ewyk J, Kruger LM. The Emotional Experience of Motherhood in Planned Lesbian Families in the South African Context: "… Look How Good a Job I'm Doing, Look How Amazing We Are". J Homosex 2016; 64:343-366. [PMID: 27185411 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1190216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on lesbian mothers' emotional experience of motherhood. It forms part of a larger qualitative and exploratory study with 10 lesbian couples in South Africa on their lived experience of planned motherhood. The study is located in a feminist phenomenological framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants described many different emotions associated with new motherhood: hope, joy, love, anxiety, helplessness, exhaustion, and feeling companionship and togetherness as well as feeling compromised and deprived. Mothers described these emotions but also focused on the development of a new identity, that of being a mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquetta Van Ewyk
- a Department of Psychology , Stellenbosch University , Matieland , South Africa
| | - Lou-Marié Kruger
- b Department of Psychology , Stellenbosch University , Matieland , South Africa
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945
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Nadal KL, Whitman CN, Davis LS, Erazo T, Davidoff KC. Microaggressions Toward Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Genderqueer People: A Review of the Literature. J Sex Res 2016; 53:488-508. [PMID: 26966779 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1142495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microaggressions are subtle forms of discrimination, often unconscious or unintentional, that communicate hostile or derogatory messages, particularly to and about members of historically marginalized social groups. While Sue's (2010a, 2010b) microaggression theory formed its foundation in studies based on racial microaggressions, the following review summarizes microaggression literature to date, as it pertains to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and genderqueer (LGBTQ) people. Searching PsycINFO and other databases between 2010 and 2015, we found 35 peer-reviewed papers or dissertations that concentrate on the negative impact microaggressions have on LGBTQ people. A comprehensive overview of the experiences of individual LGBTQ subgroups (e.g., lesbian women, gay men, bisexual people, transgender people, and genderqueer people) is included, as well as microaggressions based on intersectional identities (e.g., experiences of LGBTQ people of color). The significance of this review is that it is the only known article to comprehensively analyze the literature on LGBTQ people and microaggressions, examining the strengths and weaknesses of past literature while encouraging future areas of theory, research, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Nadal
- a John Jay College of Criminal Justice , City University of New York
| | | | - Lindsey S Davis
- a John Jay College of Criminal Justice , City University of New York
| | - Tanya Erazo
- a John Jay College of Criminal Justice , City University of New York
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946
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Abstract
As HIV has transitioned into a chronic disease, reappraisal of clinical management has occurred with chronic disease self-management (CDSM) as one possibility. However, despite extensive work on CDSM across a range of diseases, little attention has focused on psychosocial contexts of the lives of people for whom programs are intended. This article reports semi-structured interviews used to explore health practices and motivations of 33 people with HIV (PWHIV) in Australia. Within participants' accounts, different forms of subjectivity and agency emerged with implications for how they understood and valued health-related behaviors. Four themes arose: health support and disclosure, social support and stigma, employment/structure, and health decisions beyond HIV. The experience of stigma and its intersection with CDSM remains relatively un-chartered. This study found stigma shapes agency and engagement with health. Decisions concerning health behaviors are often driven by perceived social and emotional benefit embedded in concerns of disclosure and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karalyn McDonald
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean Slavin
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Julian H Elliott
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Online focus group discussions (FGDs) are becoming popular as a qualitative research method. Methodological examinations regarding the data quality of online versus more traditional in-person FGDs are limited. We compared two online FGDs with two in-person FGDs conducted with gay and bisexual men using a sensitive topic (the experience of intimate partner violence) to examine differences in data quality between the two methods. The online FGDs resulted in larger word count but were shorter in time than the in-person FGDs. There was high overlap in the themes generated across groups; however, the online discussions yielded one additional theme regarding a sensitive topic. In-person FGDs involved less sharing of in-depth stories, whereas sensitive topics were discussed more candidly in the online FGDs. The results illustrate that although theformatof the data generated from each type of FGD may differ, thecontentof the data generated is remarkably similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory R Woodyatt
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Rob Stephenson
- School of Nursing and The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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948
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Bouris A, Everett BG, Heath RD, Elsaesser CE, Neilands TB. Effects of Victimization and Violence on Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adolescents. LGBT Health 2016; 3:153-61. [PMID: 26789401 PMCID: PMC4841901 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2015.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual minority youth (SMY) are at higher risk for victimization and suicide than are heterosexual youth (HY). Relatively little research has examined which types of victimization are most closely linked to suicide, which is necessary to develop targeted prevention interventions. The present study was conducted to address this deficit. METHODS The data come from the 2011 Chicago Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 1,907). Structural equation modeling (SEM) in Mplus evaluated the direct, indirect, and total effects of sexual orientation on a latent indicator of suicidal ideation and behaviors via seven types of victimization. Four indicators of victimization were school-specific (e.g., harassment due to sexual orientation or gender identity (SO/GID), bullying, threatened or injured with a weapon, and skipping school due to safety concerns), and three indicators assessed other types of victimization (e.g., electronic bullying, intimate partner violence, and sexual abuse). RESULTS Thirteen percent of youth were classified as SMY. Significantly more SMY than HY reported suicidal ideation (27.95% vs. 13.64%), a suicide plan (22.78% vs. 12.36%), and at least one suicide attempt (29.92% vs. 12.43%) in the past year (all P < .001). A greater percentage of SMY reported SO/GID-related harassment, skipping school, electronic bullying, and sexual abuse. Sexual orientation was not directly related to suicidal ideation and behaviors in SEM. Rather, SMY's elevated risk of suicidality functioned indirectly through two forms of school-based victimization: being threatened or injured with a weapon (B = .19, SE = .09, P ≤ .05) and experiencing SO/GID-specific harassment (B = .40, SE = .15, P ≤ .01). There also was a trend for SMY to skip school as a strategy to reduce suicide risk. CONCLUSION Although SMY experience higher rates of victimization than do HY, school-based victimization that involves weapons or is due to one's SO/GID appear to be the most deleterious. That SMY may skip school to reduce their risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors is problematic, and schools should be encouraged to enact and enforce policies that explicitly protect SMY from victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Bouris
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bethany G. Everett
- Department of Sociology, College of Social and Behavioral Science, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan D. Heath
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Torsten B. Neilands
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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949
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Patel VV, Masyukova M, Sutton D, Horvath KJ. Social Media Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors in Young Black and Latino Gay and Bi Men and Transgender Individuals in New York City: Implications for Online Interventions. J Urban Health 2016; 93:388-99. [PMID: 26936854 PMCID: PMC4835356 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-016-0025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Urban young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and transgender women continue to experience high rates of new HIV infections in the USA, yet most of this population is not reached by current prevention interventions. The rate of Internet and social media use among youth is high. However, continually updated understanding of the associations between social media access and use and HIV risk behaviors is needed to reach and tailor technology-delivered interventions for those most vulnerable to HIV-racially and ethnically diverse urban YMSM and transgender persons. Thus, we conducted an in-person, venue-based cross-sectional survey among young gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals at locations primarily visited by Black and Latino gay and bisexual and transgender individuals in New York City to understand social media use and how it may relate to HIV risk behaviors to inform social media-based interventions. Among 102 primarily Black and Latino gay and bisexual men (75.5 %) and transgender women (19.6 %), over 90 % were under 30 years of age, 18.6 % reported homelessness in the past 6 months, and 10.8 % reported having HIV. All participants used social media, most accessed these platforms most often via a mobile device (67.6 %) and most logged on multiple times per day (87.3 %). Participants used social media to seek sex partners (56.7 %), exchange sex for money or clothes (19.6 %), and exchange sex for drugs (9.8 %). These results confirm prior studies demonstrating the feasibility of using social media platforms to reach at-risk, urban youth. Of particular concern is the association between recent STI and exchanging sex for money/clothes and drugs. Interventions using social media for young, urban minority MSM and transgender populations should incorporate risk reduction modules addressing exchange partners and promote frequent and regular HIV/STI testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj V. Patel
- />Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
| | - Mariya Masyukova
- />Department of Family and Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3544 Jerome Ave, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
| | - Desmond Sutton
- />Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905 USA
| | - Keith J. Horvath
- />Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, #300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
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950
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Abstract
Older lesbian-identified women are a health disparate yet resilient population about whom knowledge is limited and emerging. Among the areas in need of research are older lesbians' experiences of later life and stress-related growth. This article presents the findings from a qualitative study that investigated older lesbians' experiences of adversity and adaptation as they age. In-depth, exploratory interviews were conducted with 12 lesbian-identified women who were between the ages of 65-80. This study applied grounded theory methodology to identify respondents sources of stress and fear, their strengths and coping strategies and how those relate to each other and to their growth in later life. We advance a model of adaptive change that shows how spirituality, social support, and resistance to cultural norms help older lesbian adults cope with loss, illness, and discrimination and develop wisdom in later life. Knowledgeable practitioners can help older lesbian women identify and maintain sources of social support, explore spirituality, and facilitate continuous growth through the end of life. Social workers can advocate for services that are welcoming and affirmative so as to reduce fears of isolation and dependence associated with health decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Putney
- a School of Social Work, Simmons College , Boston , MA , United States
| | | | - Nicholas Hebert
- a School of Social Work, Simmons College , Boston , MA , United States
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