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Court MH, Mealey KL, Burke NS, Jimenez TP, Zhu Z, Wakshlag JJ. Cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid: Preliminary in vitro evaluation of metabolism and drug-drug interactions involving canine cytochrome P-450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and P-glycoprotein. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:1-13. [PMID: 37469115 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoid-rich hemp extracts containing cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) are increasingly being used to treat various disorders in dogs. The objectives of this study were to obtain preliminary information regarding the in vitro metabolism of these compounds and their capacity to inhibit canine cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated drug metabolism and canine P-glycoprotein-mediated transport. Pure CBD and CBDA, and hemp extracts enriched for CBD and for CBDA were evaluated. Substrate depletion assays using pooled dog liver microsomes showed CYP cofactor-dependent depletion of CBD (but not CBDA) and UDP-glucuronosytransferase cofactor-dependent depletion of CBDA (but not CBD) indicating major roles for CYP and UDP-glucuronosytransferase in the metabolism of these phytocannabinoids, respectively. Further studies using recombinant canine CYPs demonstrated substantial CBD depletion by the major hepatic P450 enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP2C21. These results were confirmed by showing increased CBD depletion by liver microsomes from dogs treated with a known CYP1A2 inducer (β-naphthoflavone) and with a known CYP2C21 inducer (phenobarbital). Cannabinoid-drug inhibition experiments showed inhibition (IC50 = 4.6-8.1 μM) of tramadol metabolism via CYP2B11-mediated N-demethylation (CBD and CBDA) and CYP2D15-mediated O-demethylation (CBDA only) by dog liver microsomes. CBD and CBDA did not inhibit CYP3A12-mediated midazolam 1'-hydroxylation (IC50 > 10 μM). CBD and CBDA were not substrates or competitive inhibitors of canine P-glycoprotein. Results for cannabinoid-enriched hemp extracts were identical to those for pure cannabinoids. These in vitro studies indicate the potential for cannabinoid-drug interactions involving certain CYPs (but not P-glycoprotein). Confirmatory in vivo studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Court
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Katrina L Mealey
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Neal S Burke
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Tania Perez Jimenez
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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McCarty KD, Liu L, Tateishi Y, Wapshott-Stehli HL, Guengerich FP. The multistep oxidation of cholesterol to pregnenolone by human cytochrome P450 11A1 is highly processive. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105495. [PMID: 38006947 PMCID: PMC10716780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) 11A1 is the classical cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) that removes six carbons of the side chain, the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of all mammalian steroids. The reaction is a 3-step, 6-electron oxidation that proceeds via formation of 22R-hydroxy (OH) and 20R,22R-(OH)2 cholesterol, yielding pregnenolone. We expressed human P450 11A1 in bacteria, purified the enzyme in the absence of nonionic detergents, and assayed pregnenolone formation by HPLC-mass spectrometry of the dansyl hydrazone. The reaction was inhibited by the nonionic detergent Tween 20, and several lipids did not enhance enzymatic activity. The 22R-OH and 20R,22R-(OH)2 cholesterol intermediates were bound to P450 11A1 relatively tightly, as judged by steady-state optical titrations and koff rates. The electron donor adrenodoxin had little effect on binding; the substrate cholesterol showed a ∼5-fold stimulatory effect on the binding of adrenodoxin to P450 11A1. Presteady-state single-turnover kinetic analysis was consistent with a highly processive reaction with rates of intermediate oxidation steps far exceeding dissociation rates for products and substrates. The presteady-state kinetic analysis revealed a second di-OH cholesterol product, separable by HPLC, in addition to 20R,22R-(OH)2 cholesterol, which we characterized as a rotamer that was also converted to pregnenolone at a similar rate. The first oxidation step (at C-22) is the slowest, limiting the overall rate of cleavage. d3-Cholesterol showed no kinetic deuterium isotope effect on C-22, indicating that C-H bond cleavage is not rate-limiting in the first hydroxylation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D McCarty
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Tateishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Wang K, Shi JH, Gao J, Sun Y, Wang Z, Shi X, Guo W, Jin Y, Zhang S. Arachidonic acid metabolism CYP450 pathway is deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and associated with microvascular invasion. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:31-45. [PMID: 37655528 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolism plays a crucial role in the development and progression of inflammatory and metabolic liver diseases. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of key genes involved in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway in HCC using a combination of bioinformatics, proteomics and immunohistochemistry analyses. Through a comprehensive analysis of publicly available datasets, clinical HCC tissues, and tissue microarrays, we compared the expression of hepatic arachidonic acid metabolic genes. We observed significant downregulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathway genes at both the messenger RNA and protein levels in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues. Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between the deregulation of the arachidonic acid metabolism CYP450 pathway and the pathological features and prognosis of HCC. Specifically, the expression of CYP2C8/9/18/19 was significantly correlated with pathological grade (r = -.484, p < .0001), vascular invasion (r = -.402, p < .0001), aspartate transaminase (r = -.246, p = .025), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (r = -.252, p = .022), alkaline phosphatase (r = -.342, p = .002), alpha-fetoprotein (r = -.311, p = .004) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (r = -.227, p = .047). Moreover, we discovered a significant association between CYP450 pathway activity and vascular invasion in HCC. Collectively, these data indicate that arachidonic acid CYP450 metabolic pathway deregulation is implicated in HCC progression and may be a potential predictive factor for early recurrence in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohui Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Diagnosis and Treatment League for Hepatopathy Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
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Lu X, van der Meer TP, Kamali Z, van Faassen M, Kema IP, van Beek AP, Xu X, Huo X, Ani A, Nolte IM, Wolffenbuttel BHR, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Snieder H. A genome-wide association study of 24-hour urinary excretion of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Environ Int 2024; 183:108396. [PMID: 38150807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) instigates a major public health problem, but much remains unknown on the inter-individual differences in metabolism and excretion of EDCs. To examine this we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) for 24-hour urinary excretions of four parabens, two bisphenols, and nine phthalate metabolites. Results showed five genome-wide significant (p-value < 5x10-8) and replicated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing four independent signals that associated with mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP). Three of the four signals were located on chromosome 10 in a locus harboring the cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes CYP2C9, CYP2C58P, and CYP2C19 (rs117529685, pMECPP = 5.38x10-25; rs117033379, pMECPP = 1.96x10-19; rs4918798, pMECPP = 4.01x10-71; rs7895726, pMEHHP = 1.37x10-15, r2 with rs4918798 = 0.93). The other signal was on chromosome 6 close to the solute carrier (SLC) genes SLC17A1, SLC17A3, SLC17A4, and SCGN (rs1359232, pMECPP = 7.6x10-16). These four SNPs explained a substantial part (8.3 % - 9.2 %) of the variance in MECPP in the replication cohort. Bioinformatics analyses supported a likely causal role of CYP2C9 and SLC17A1 in metabolism and excretion of MECPP and MEHHP. Our results provide biological insights into mechanisms of phthalate metabolism and excretion with a likely causal role for CYP2C9 and SLC17A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Thomas P van der Meer
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zoha Kamali
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-7346, Iran
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André P van Beek
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Alireza Ani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-7346, Iran
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Wang Y, Pan H, Wang F, Shen C. Microbial P450 repertoire (P450ome) and its application feasibility in pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry, and environmental protection. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:7-25. [PMID: 37767638 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are heme-thiolated enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of C-H bonds in a regio- and stereo-selective manner. CYPs are widely present in the biological world. With the completion of more biological genome sequencing, the number and types of P450 enzymes have increased rapidly. P450 in microorganisms is easy to clone and express, rich in catalytic types, and strong in substrate adaptability, which has good application potential. Although the number of P450 enzymes found in microorganisms is huge, the function of most of the microorganism P450s has not been studied, and it contains a large number of excellent biocatalysts to be developed. This review is based on the P450 groups in microorganisms. First, it reviews the distribution of P450 groups in different microbial species, and then studies the application of microbial P450 enzymes in the pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry and environmental pollutant treatment in recent years. And focused on the application fields of P450 enzymes of different families to guide the selection of suitable P450s from the huge P450 library. In view of the current shortcomings of microbial P450 in the application process, the final solution is the most likely to assist the application of P450 enzymes in large-scale, that is, whole cell transformation combined with engineering, fusion P450 combined with immobilization technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa Wang
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Pan
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fuhao Wang
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Shen
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhang Y, Joshi S, Yazdani P, Zhan J, Wen B, Bainbridge V, Ballesteros-Perez A, Gartland M, Lataillade M. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of the maturation inhibitor GSK3640254 coadministered with darunavir/ritonavir and/or etravirine in healthy adults. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:274-285. [PMID: 37621050 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This phase I study investigated potential drug-drug interactions of the maturation inhibitor GSK3640254 (GSK'254) with darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/RTV) and/or etravirine (ETR). METHODS In this randomized, open-label, single-sequence, multiple-dose study, healthy participants received GSK'254 200 mg once daily alone or coadministered with DRV/RTV 600/100 mg twice daily (BID; n = 19), ETR 200 mg BID (n = 19) or DRV/RTV 600/100 mg + ETR 200 mg BID (n = 16) under fed conditions. Primary endpoints were steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the end of the dosing interval (AUC0-τ ) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax ). Secondary endpoints included trough concentration (Cτ ), safety and tolerability. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using standard noncompartmental analysis, and geometric least-squares mean ratios were derived from linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS GSK'254 AUC0-τ (geometric least-squares mean ratio [90% confidence interval], 1.14 [1.00-1.29]), Cmax (1.07 [0.92-1.24]) and Cτ (1.17 [1.01-1.35]) were similar when administered alone and with DRV/RTV. Etravirine coadministration decreased GSK'254 AUC0-τ (0.53 [0.48-0.59]), Cmax (0.60 [0.53-0.68]) and Cτ (0.51 [0.39-0.66]). Similar reductions were not observed with GSK'254 + DRV/RTV + ETR (AUC0-τ , 0.94 [0.82-1.09]; Cmax , 0.89 [0.75-1.07]; Cτ , 1.02 [0.89-1.18]). GSK'254 had no meaningful effect on DRV/RTV or ETR concentrations. All reported adverse events (AEs) were grade 1; 3 led to withdrawal and resolved (rash, asymptomatic electrocardiogram T-wave inversion, periorbital oedema). Most common AEs were diarrhoea (n = 9) and headache (n = 7). No deaths or serious AEs occurred. CONCLUSION GSK'254 pharmacokinetics was not meaningfully affected by DRV/RTV or DRV/RTV + ETR, but were reduced with only ETR; no new tolerability concerns were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Wen
- GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
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Senkoro E, Varadarajan M, Candela C, Gebreselassie A, Antoniadi C, Boffito M. Anastrozole as a therapeutic option for gynecomastia in a person receiving antiretroviral therapy: Case report. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:350-353. [PMID: 37917870 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A middle-aged Caucasian man living with HIV, clinically stable (viral load <20 copies/mL) on injectable antiretroviral cabotegravir plus rilpivirine every 2 months presented with a 6-month history of bilateral enlargement of the breasts associated with pain. His hormonal profile was normal, and no other underlying cause was identified. He was diagnosed with idiopathic gynecomastia. Tamoxifen is an anti-oestrogen recommended for gynecomastia and has been described in people living with HIV but can potentially induce the activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), reducing rilpivirine concentrations, which consequently may cause virological failure and resistance. This is the same for other antiretroviral agents majorly induced by CYP3A4. To date, there have been no reported cases of using anastrozole as a treatment for gynecomastia in people living with HIV or of its co-administration with antiretroviral. We describe the use of an aromatase inhibitor instead of tamoxifen in a person living with HIV, diagnosed with gynecomastia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Senkoro
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- Chronic Disease Clinic, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - Caterina Candela
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- Infectious Disease Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Infectious DIseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Boffito
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
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Patel M, Partovi O, Karrento K, Garacchi Z, Balasubramanian G, Venkatesan T. Pharmacogenomic testing for CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in cyclic vomiting syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14705. [PMID: 37953495 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amitriptyline (AT) is recommended as first-line prophylactic therapy in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS). However, significant side effects limit its use and dosing is based on trial and error. Though the Clinical Pharmacogenetic Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guidelines recommend dosing for AT based on CY2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype profile, this is not followed in clinical practice. METHODS This pilot study determined CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes and ascertained its association with adverse drug reactions (ADRs), clinical response, and serum concentration of AT and nortriptyline in a well-characterized cohort of adults with CVS. KEY RESULTS Of 46 subjects with CVS, age 33 ± 12 years, 61% female, 85% Caucasian, a third (33%) had normal CYP2C19 metabolizer status, while 4% were poor, and 43% were ultrarapid metabolizers. Most (61%) had normal CYP2D6 genotype while 9% were poor and 2% were ultra-rapid metabolizers. There was no statistically significant association between genotype and ADRs, clinical response or serum drug concentration. There was a trend towards significance between genotype and clinical response, with 64% of responders having normal CYP2D6 metabolism versus 36% of nonresponders (p = 0.06). ADRs were encountered in 46% of patients with 28% discontinuing the medication as a result. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES A subset of patients with CVS have dysfunctional alleles of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. Larger prospective studies to evaluate the clinical impact of pharmacogenomic testing in CVS are needed. This has the potential to optimize clinical management, predict ADRs and allow for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Patel
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Omeed Partovi
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Jia Q, Ding Q, Shao K, Dang J, Zhang F. Research progress regarding CYP3A gene family in gastric cancer. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 48:1874-1881. [PMID: 38448381 PMCID: PMC10930750 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A (CYP3A), a major member of cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, is one of the most important drug metabolizing enzymes in human. CYP3A includes 4 gene subtypes (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43), which is involved in 60% of drug metabolism in the human. It is not only widely distributed in normal tissues, but also significantly overexpressed in various tumor tissues. Recently, CYP3A has attracted great attention due to its involvement in the progression from chronic atrophic gastritis to gastric cancer, as well as the differential metabolism and resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs. Targeting CYP3A gene mediated-prodrug provides new ideas for the treatment of gastric cancer and is expected to become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030.
| | - Qingsong Ding
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030
| | - Kangmei Shao
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030
| | - Jianzhong Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030.
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Kim SM, Jo SY, Park HY, Lee YR, Yu JS, Yoo HH. Investigation of Drug-Interaction Potential for Arthritis Dietary Supplements: Chondroitin Sulfate, Glucosamine, and Methylsulfonylmethane. Molecules 2023; 28:8068. [PMID: 38138558 PMCID: PMC10745882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is one of the leading conditions that promote the consumption of these dietary supplements. Chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, and methylsulfonylmethane are among the prominent alternative treatments for osteoarthritis. In this study, these dietary supplements were incubated with cytochrome P450 isozyme-specific substrates in human liver microsomes, and the formation of marker metabolites was measured to investigate their inhibitory potential on cytochrome P450 enzyme activities. The results revealed no significant inhibitory effects on seven CYPs, consistent with established related research data. Therefore, these substances are anticipated to have a low potential for cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions with osteoarthritis medications that are likely to be co-administered. However, given the previous reports of interaction cases involving glucosamine, caution is advised regarding dietary supplement-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - So Young Jo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.P.); (Y.R.L.)
| | - Yu Ra Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.P.); (Y.R.L.)
| | - Jun Sang Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.Y.J.)
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; (S.M.K.); (S.Y.J.)
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Ravanfar R, Sheng Y, Gray HB, Winkler JR. Tryptophan extends the life of cytochrome P450. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2317372120. [PMID: 38060561 PMCID: PMC10722969 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317372120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Powerfully oxidizing enzymes need protective mechanisms to prevent self-destruction. The flavocytochrome P450 BM3 from Priestia megaterium (P450BM3) is a self-sufficient monooxygenase that hydroxylates fatty acid substrates using O2 and NADPH as co-substrates. Hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids (≥C14) is well coupled to O2 and NADPH consumption, but shorter chains (≤C12) are more poorly coupled. Hydroxylation of p-nitrophenoxydodecanoic acid by P450BM3 produces a spectrophotometrically detectable product wherein the coupling of NADPH consumption to product formation is just 10%. Moreover, the rate of NADPH consumption is 1.8 times that of O2 consumption, indicating that an oxidase uncoupling pathway is operative. Measurements of the total number of enzyme turnovers before inactivation (TTN) indicate that higher NADPH concentrations increase TTN. At lower NADPH levels, added ascorbate increases TTN, while a W96H mutation leads to a decrease. The W96 residue is about 7 Å from the P450BM3 heme and serves as a gateway residue in a tryptophan/tyrosine (W/Y) hole transport chain from the heme to a surface tyrosine residue. The data indicate that two oxidase pathways protect the enzyme from damage by intercepting the powerfully oxidizing enzyme intermediate (Compound I) and returning it to its resting state. At high NADPH concentrations, reducing equivalents from the flavoprotein are delivered to Compound I by the usual reductase pathway. When NADPH is not abundant, however, oxidizing equivalents from Compound I can traverse a W/Y chain, arriving at the enzyme surface where they are scavenged by reductants. Ubiquitous tryptophan/tyrosine chains in highly oxidizing enzymes likely perform similar protective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Ravanfar
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Yuling Sheng
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Jay R. Winkler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
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Deans JR, Deol P, Titova N, Radi SH, Vuong LM, Evans JR, Pan S, Fahrmann J, Yang J, Hammock BD, Fiehn O, Fekry B, Eckel-Mahan K, Sladek FM. HNF4α isoforms regulate the circadian balance between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1266527. [PMID: 38111711 PMCID: PMC10726135 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α), a master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation, is regulated by two promoters (P1 and P2) which drive the expression of different isoforms. P1-HNF4α is the major isoform in the adult liver while P2-HNF4α is thought to be expressed only in fetal liver and liver cancer. Here, we show that P2-HNF4α is indeed expressed in the normal adult liver at Zeitgeber time (ZT)9 and ZT21. Using exon swap mice that express only P2-HNF4α we show that this isoform orchestrates a distinct transcriptome and metabolome via unique chromatin and protein-protein interactions, including with different clock proteins at different times of the day leading to subtle differences in circadian gene regulation. Furthermore, deletion of the Clock gene alters the circadian oscillation of P2- (but not P1-)HNF4α RNA, revealing a complex feedback loop between the HNF4α isoforms and the hepatic clock. Finally, we demonstrate that while P1-HNF4α drives gluconeogenesis, P2-HNF4α drives ketogenesis and is required for elevated levels of ketone bodies in female mice. Taken together, we propose that the highly conserved two-promoter structure of the Hnf4a gene is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to maintain the balance between gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the liver in a circadian fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Deans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nina Titova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sarah H. Radi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Linh M. Vuong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jane R. Evans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Songqin Pan
- Proteomics Core, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Johannes Fahrmann
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Baharan Fekry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, United States
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frances M. Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Muhamad N, Na‐Bangchang K. The roles of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in the in vitro metabolism of β-eudesmol in human liver: Reaction phenotyping and enzyme kinetics. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01149. [PMID: 37902256 PMCID: PMC10614204 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
β-eudesmol is a major bioactive component of Atractylodes lancea (AL). AL has been developed as the capsule formulation of standardized AL extract for treating cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the complex constituents of herbal products increase the risk of adverse drug interactions. β-eudesmol has demonstrated inhibitory effects on rCYP2C19 and rCYP3A4 in the previous research. This study aimed to identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms responsible for the metabolism of β-eudesmol and determine the enzyme kinetic parameters and the metabolic stability of β-eudesmol metabolism in the microsomal system. Reaction phenotyping using human recombinant CYPs (rCYPs) and selective chemical inhibitors of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 was performed, and enzyme kinetics and metabolic stability were investigated using human liver microsome (HLM). The results suggest that CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 play significant roles in β-eudesmol metabolism. The disappearance half-life (t1/2 ) and intrinsic clearance (CLint ) of β-eudesmol were 17.09 min and 0.20 mL/min·mg protein, respectively. Enzyme kinetic analysis revealed the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km ) and maximum velocity (Vmax ) of 16.76 μM and 3.35 nmol/min·mg protein, respectively. As a component of AL, β-eudesmol, as a substrate and inhibitor of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, has a high potential for drug-drug interactions when AL is co-administered with other herbs or conventional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadda Muhamad
- Graduate Studies, Chulabhorn International College of MedicineThammasat UniversityPathumthaniThailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and CholangiocarcinomaThammasat UniversityPathumthaniThailand
| | - Kesara Na‐Bangchang
- Graduate Studies, Chulabhorn International College of MedicineThammasat UniversityPathumthaniThailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and CholangiocarcinomaThammasat UniversityPathumthaniThailand
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and TechnologyThammasat UniversityPathumthaniThailand
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Nair PC, Burns K, Chau N, McKinnon RA, Miners JO. The molecular basis of dapsone activation of CYP2C9-catalyzed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug oxidation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105368. [PMID: 37866634 PMCID: PMC10696402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive heterotropic cooperativity, or "activation," results in an instantaneous increase in enzyme activity in the absence of an increase in protein expression. Thus, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activation presents as a potential drug-drug interaction mechanism. It has been demonstrated previously that dapsone activates the CYP2C9-catalyzed oxidation of a number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in vitro. Here, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) together with enzyme kinetic investigations and site-directed mutagenesis to elucidate the molecular basis of the activation of CYP2C9-catalyzed S-flurbiprofen 4'-hydroxylation and S-naproxen O-demethylation by dapsone. Supplementation of incubations of recombinant CYP2C9 with dapsone increased the catalytic efficiency of flurbiprofen and naproxen oxidation by 2.3- and 16.5-fold, respectively. MDS demonstrated that activation arises predominantly from aromatic interactions between the substrate, dapsone, and the phenyl rings of Phe114 and Phe476 within a common binding domain of the CYP2C9 active site, rather than involvement of a distinct effector site. Mutagenesis of Phe114 and Phe476 abrogated flurbiprofen and naproxen oxidation, and MDS and kinetic studies with the CYP2C9 mutants further identified a pivotal role of Phe476 in dapsone activation. MDS additionally showed that aromatic stacking interactions between two molecules of naproxen are necessary for binding in a catalytically favorable orientation. In contrast to flurbiprofen and naproxen, dapsone did not activate the 4'-hydroxylation of diclofenac, suggesting that the CYP2C9 active site favors cooperative binding of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a planar or near-planar geometry. More generally, the work confirms the utility of MDS for investigating ligand binding in CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod C Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; FHMRI Cancer Program, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Kushari Burns
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nuy Chau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- FHMRI Cancer Program, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - John O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; FHMRI Cancer Program, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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65
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Takeji S, Okada M, Hayashi S, Kanamaru K, Uno Y, Imaishi H, Uno T. Metabolism of testosterone and progesterone by cytochrome P450 2C19 allelic variants. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:420-430. [PMID: 37815926 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
CYP2C19 is a member of the human microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP). Significant variation in CYP2C19 levels and activity can be attributed to polymorphisms in this gene. Wildtype CYP2C19 and 13 mutants (CYP2C19.1B, CYP2C19.5A, CYP2C19.5B, CYP2C19.6, CYP2C19.8, CYP2C19.9, CYP2C19.10, CYP2C19.11, CYP2C19.13, CYP2C19.16, CYP2C19.19, CYP2C19.23, CYP2C19.30, and CYP2C19.33) were coexpressed with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in Escherichia coli. Hydroxylase activity toward testosterone and progesterone was also examined. Ten CYP2C19 variants showed Soret peaks (450 nm) typical of P450 in the reduced CO-difference spectra. CYP2C19.11 and CYP2C19.23 showed higher testosterone 11α, 16α-/17- and progesterone 6β-,21-,16α-/17α-hydroxylase activities than CYP2C19.1B. CYP2C19.6, CYP2C19.16, CYP2C19.19, and CYP2C19.30 showed lower activity than CYP2C19.1B. CYP2C19.9, CYP2C19.10. CYP2C19.13, and CYP2C19.33 showed different hydroxylation activities than CYP2C19.1B. These results indicated that CYP2C19 variants have very different substrate specificities for testosterone and progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Takeji
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mai Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanamaru
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichi Uno
- Department of Plant Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Imaishi
- Functional Analysis of Environmental Genes, Research Center for Environmental, Genomics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohide Uno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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66
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Kosaski DL, Cole KC, Wright JA, El Melik RM, Kung S, Nicholson WT, Leung JG. Impact of sex on antidepressant discontinuation in groups of similar cytochrome P450 phenotypes. Ment Health Clin 2023; 13:303-310. [PMID: 38058598 PMCID: PMC10696171 DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2023.12.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although there are studies assessing reasons for antidepressant discontinuation, little is known about the impact of sex differences or cytochrome P450 phenotypes. Our objective is to assess discontinuation rates between males and females and whether CYP450 phenotype influences discontinuation. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients previously enrolled in the Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time: Using Genomic Data to Individualize Treatment database with major depressive disorder. Patients were evaluated for antidepressants trialed between January 1, 2009, and September 30, 2019. Survival analyses with competing risks were used to analyze discontinuation reasons. A Kaplan-Meier estimation method was used to assess the time to discontinuation and discontinuation rates. Analyses were also completed to assess discontinuation between men and women by phenotypic groups. All tests were two-sided, and p-values ≤ .05 were considered statistically significant. Results There were 620 antidepressant discontinuation events discovered from 1015 antidepressant trials included. Overall, the median time to discontinuation for males was 2.6 years and 1.9 years for females (hazard ratio [HR] 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 1.19], p = .77). The risk of discontinuation was not different between males and females in any of the phenotype groups, which was consistent in the multivariable analyses. Concomitant use of medications that inhibited or induced antidepressant metabolism increased the overall risk of discontinuation (HR 1.45, 95% CI [1.06, 1.99], p = .020) in a time-dependent analysis. Discussion We did not detect a significant difference in risk of antidepressant discontinuation rates between males and females even when accounting for cytochrome P450 phenotype. Future studies should account for whether medications that inhibit or induce antidepressant metabolism may be a crucial factor in antidepressant discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan L Kosaski
- Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kristin C Cole
- Statistician, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jessica A Wright
- Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Razan M El Melik
- Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Simon Kung
- Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wayne T Nicholson
- Physician, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jonathan G Leung
- Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Statistician, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Physician, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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67
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Kim DR, Lee SI, Kwak YS. Unraveling the Role of Cytochrome P450 as a Key Regulator Lantipeptide Production in Streptomyces globisporus. Plant Pathol J 2023; 39:566-574. [PMID: 38081316 PMCID: PMC10721394 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2023.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of lantipeptide production in Streptomyces globisporus SP6C4, which produces the novel antifungal lantipeptides conprimycin and grisin, and to identify the role of cytochrome P450 (P450) in tis regulation. To investigate the regulation of lantipeptide production, we created gene deletion mutants, including ΔP450, ΔtsrD, ΔlanM, ΔP450ΔtsrD, and ΔP450ΔlanM. These mutants were characterized in terms of their morphology, sporulation, attachment, and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. The gene deletion mutants showed distinct characteristics compared to the wild-type strain. Among them, the ΔP450ΔlanM double mutant exhibited a recovery of antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, indicating that P450 plays a significant role in regulating lantipeptide production in S. globisporus SP6C4. Our findings highlight the significant role of P450 in the regulation of lantipeptide production and morphological processes in S. globisporus. The results suggest a potential link between P450-mediated metabolic pathways and the regulation of growth and secondary metabolism in SP6C4, thereby highlighting P450 as a putative target for the development of new antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ran Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Youn-Sig Kwak
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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68
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Eckernäs E, Macan-Schönleben A, Andresen-Bergström M, Birgersson S, Hoffmann KJ, Ashton M. N, N-dimethyltryptamine forms oxygenated metabolites via CYP2D6 - an in vitro investigation. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:515-522. [PMID: 37916667 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2278488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychedelic compound that has shown potential in the treatment of depression. Aside from the primary role of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in DMT metabolism, the metabolic pathways are poorly understood. Increasing this understanding is an essential aspect of ensuring safe and efficacious use of DMT.This work aimed to investigate the cytochrome 450 (CYP) mediated metabolism of DMT by incubating DMT with recombinant human CYP enzymes and human liver microsomes (HLM) followed by analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry for metabolite identification.DMT was rapidly metabolised by CYP2D6, while stable with all other investigated CYP enzymes. The metabolism of DMT in HLM was reduced after inclusion of harmine and SKF-525A whereas quinidine did not affect the metabolic rate, likely due to MAO-A residues present in HLM. Analysis of the CYP2D6 incubates showed formation of mono-, di- and tri-oxygenated metabolites, likely as a result of hydroxylation on the indole core.More research is needed to investigate the role of this metabolic pathway in vivo and any pharmacological activity of the proposed metabolites. Our findings may impact on safety issues following intake of ayahuasca in slow CYP2D6 metabolizers or with concomitant use of CYP2D6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Eckernäs
- Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Moa Andresen-Bergström
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Birgersson
- Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kurt-Jürgen Hoffmann
- Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Ashton
- Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jayawickreme K, Świstak D, Ozimek E, Reszczyńska E, Rysiak A, Makuch-Kocka A, Hanaka A. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids-Pros and Cons for Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16972. [PMID: 38069294 PMCID: PMC10706944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic organic compounds named pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) belong to a group of alkaloids and are synthesized by either plants or microorganisms. Therefore, they are naturally occurring secondary metabolites. They are found in species applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries, thus a thorough knowledge of their pharmacological properties and toxicology to humans is of great importance for their further safe employment. This review is original because it synthesizes knowledge of plant and microbial PAs, which is unusual in the scientific literature. We have focused on the Boraginaceae family, which is unique due to the exceptional richness and diversity of its PAs in plant species. We have also presented the microbial sources of PAs, both from fungi and bacteria. The structure and metabolism of PAs have been discussed. Our main aim was to summarize the effects of PAs on humans, including both negative, toxic ones, mainly concerning hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity, as well as potentially positive ones for pharmacological and medical applications. We have collected the results of studies on the anticancer activity of PAs from plant and microbial sources (mainly Streptomyces strains) and on the antimicrobial activity of PAs on different strains of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). Finally, we have suggested potential applications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindi Jayawickreme
- Student Scientific Club of Phytochemists, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dawid Świstak
- Student Scientific Club of Phytochemists, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Ozimek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Reszczyńska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rysiak
- Department of Botany, Mycology, and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Makuch-Kocka
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska St. 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Pukło R, Bromek E, Haduch A, Basińska-Ziobroń A, Kuban W, Daniel WA. Molecular Mechanisms of the Regulation of Liver Cytochrome P450 by Brain NMDA Receptors and via the Neuroendocrine Pathway-A Significance for New Psychotropic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16840. [PMID: 38069162 PMCID: PMC10706700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations have highlighted the potential utility of the selective antagonist of the NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit for addressing major depressive disorders. Our previous study showed that the systemic administration of the antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor, the compound CP-101,606, affected liver cytochrome P450 expression and activity. To discern between the central and peripheral mechanisms of enzyme regulation, our current study aimed to explore whether the intracerebral administration of CP-101,606 could impact cytochrome P450. The injection of CP-101,606 to brain lateral ventricles (6, 15, or 30 µg/brain) exerted dose-dependent effects on liver cytochrome P450 enzymes and hypothalamic or pituitary hormones. The lowest dose led to an increase in the activity, protein, and mRNA level of CYP2C11 compared to the control. The activities of CYP2A, CYP2B, CYP2C11, CYP2C6, CYP2D, and protein levels of CYP2B, CYP2C11 were enhanced compared to the highest dose. Moreover, CP-101,606 increased the CYP1A protein level coupled with elevated CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA levels, but not activity. The antagonist decreased the pituitary somatostatin level and increased the serum growth hormone concentration after the lowest dose, while independently decreasing the serum corticosterone concentration of the dose. The findings presented here unveil a novel physiological regulatory mechanism whereby the brain glutamatergic system, via the NMDA receptor, influences liver cytochrome P450. This regulatory process appears to involve the endocrine system. These results may have practical applications in predicting alterations in cytochrome P450 activity and endogenous metabolism, and potential metabolic drug-drug interactions elicited by drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier and affect NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Władysława A. Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.P.); (E.B.); (A.H.); (A.B.-Z.); (W.K.)
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Bai J, Li C, Zhang H, Huang R, Zhang L, Wang Q, Liu X, Luo J, Jiang H. [Theoretical analysis and practical applications of the catalytic mechanism of flavonoid 6-hydroxylase]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:4635-4646. [PMID: 38013189 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient catalytic efficiency of flavonoid 6-hydroxylases in the fermentative production of scutellarin leads to the formation of at least about 18% of by-products. Here, the catalytic mechanisms of two flavonoid 6-hydroxylases, CYP82D4 and CYP706X, were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations. Our results show that CYP82D4 and CYP706X have almost identical energy barriers at the rate-determining step and thus similar reaction rates, while the relatively low substrate binding energy of CYP82D4 may facilitate product release, which is directly responsible for its higher catalytic efficiency. Based on the study of substrate entry and release processes, the catalytic efficiency of the L540A mutation of CYP82D4 increased by 1.37-fold, demonstrating the feasibility of theoretical calculations-guided engineering of flavonoid 6-hydroxylase. Overall, this study reveals the catalytic mechanism of flavonoid 6-hydroxylases, which may facilitate the modification and optimization of flavonoid 6-hydroxylases for efficient fermentative production of scutellarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Congyu Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hejian Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianmei Luo
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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72
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Öeren M, Hunt PA, Wharrick CE, Tabatabaei Ghomi H, Segall MD. Predicting routes of phase I and II metabolism based on quantum mechanics and machine learning. Xenobiotica 2023:1-49. [PMID: 37966132 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2284251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
1. Unexpected metabolism could lead to the failure of many late-stage drug candidates or even the withdrawal of approved drugs. Thus, it is critical to predict and study the dominant routes of metabolism in the early stages of research. In this study, we describe the development and validation of a 'WhichEnzyme' model that accurately predicts the enzyme families most likely to be responsible for a drug-like molecule's metabolism. Furthermore, we combine this model with our previously published regioselectivity models for Cytochromes P450, Aldehyde Oxidases, Flavin-containing Monooxygenases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and Sulfotransferases - the most important Phase I and Phase II drug metabolising enzymes - and a 'WhichP450' model that predicts the Cytochrome P450 isoform(s) responsible for a compound's metabolism. The regioselectivity models are based on a mechanistic understanding of these enzymes' actions, and use quantum mechanical simulations with machine learning methods to accurately predict sites of metabolism and the resulting metabolites. We train heuristic based on the outputs of the 'WhichEnzyme', 'WhichP450', and regioselectivity models to determine the most likely routes of metabolism and metabolites to be observed experimentally. Finally, we demonstrate that this combination delivers high sensitivity in identifying experimentally reported metabolites and higher precision than other methods for predicting in vivo metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Öeren
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9GL, UK
| | - Peter A Hunt
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9GL, UK
| | - Charlotte E Wharrick
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9GL, UK
| | | | - Matthew D Segall
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9GL, UK
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73
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El-Ghiaty MA, El-Mahrouk SR, Alqahtani MA, El-Kadi AOS. Differential modulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes by arsenicals in non-human experimental models. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:405-427. [PMID: 37679937 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2254525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a hazardous heavy metalloid that imposes threats to human health globally. It is widely spread throughout the environment in various forms. Arsenic-based compounds are either inorganic compounds (iAs) or organoarsenicals (oAs), where the latter are biotically generated from the former. Exposure to arsenic-based compounds results in varying biochemical derangements in living systems, leading eventually to toxic consequences. One important target for arsenic in biosystems is the network of metabolic enzymes, especially the superfamily of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) because of their prominent role in both endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism. Therefore, the alteration of the CYPs by different arsenicals has been actively studied in the last few decades. We have previously summarized the findings of former studies investigating arsenic associated modulation of different CYPs in human experimental models. In this review, we focus on non-human models to get a complete picture about possible CYPs alterations in response to arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A El-Ghiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sara R El-Mahrouk
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed A Alqahtani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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74
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Yang M, Mao K, Cao X, Liu H, Wang X, Mao W, Hao L. Metabolism and elimination kinetics of mono-hydroxylated PAHs metabolites following single exposure to different combinations of PAH4 in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1594-1603. [PMID: 37189300 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the elimination kinetics of their mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs) following single exposure to different combinations of four PAHs (PAH4) were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally exposed to a single dose of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or PAH2 (B[a]P + chrysene), PAH3 (B[a]P + chrysene + benz[a]anthracene), and PAH4 (B[a]P + chrysene + B[a]A + benzo[b]fluoranthene) with each combination adjusted to the same dose of individual compound. OH-PAHs including 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, 3-hydroxychrysene, 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene, and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) were detected in serum and urine samples collected at six intervals over a 72-h period post-dosing. The hepatic mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) were determined to ascertain the expression induction of PAHs metabolic enzymes. Results showed OH-PAHs (except 1-OHP) peaked within 8 h in serum and were excreted from urine within 24-48 h. The serum and urinary concentration of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was significantly increased after PAH4 exposure compared with other PAHs combinations. Inversely, urinary concentration of 3-hydroxychrysene was decreased after PAH4 exposure, and the kinetics of 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene or 1-OHP were not different depending on the PAHs combinations. Also, CYPs were markedly induced by PAHs. Notably, the induction levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were significantly higher after PAH4 exposure compared with B[a]P exposure. The results indicated the metabolism of B[a]P was accelerated after PAH4 exposure which might be partly due to the induction of CYPs. These results confirmed PAHs are rapidly metabolized and suggested potential interactions of PAHs may happen among PAH4 mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kanmin Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzheng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- Applied Nutrition Division Ⅱ, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu S, Liu J, Wu Y, Tan L, Luo Y, Ding C, Tang Z, Shi X, Fan W, Song S. Genistein upregulates AHR to protect against environmental toxin-induced NASH by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reconstructing antioxidant defense mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 121:109436. [PMID: 37666477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously proven that the environmental toxin could accelerate the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the underlying mechanism associated with such excessive inflammation hasn't been fully illustrated. Although Genistein has been well accepted for its capability in anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, its effect in ameliorating contaminants-induced NASH still needs to be identified. In this study, using chickens and primary chicken hepatocytes as models, we found that NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were over-activated in bromoacetic acid (BAA, one of the typical environmental toxins)-induced NASH, characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cell, and the increase of NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18) expressions. Interestingly, genistein treatment could recover these changes, with the signs of restored activities of anti-oxidases, decreased expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome components, and increased levels of elements in phase I metabolic system. The detailed mechanism was that, via up-regulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), genistein lifted mRNA levels of Cyp1-related genes to reconstruct cytochrome P450 (CYP450) systems, and the raised AHR negatively regulated NLRP3 inflammasome activity to relieve inflammation. More important, the interaction and co-localization between AHR and NLRP3 was first proved, and genistein could promote the levels of AHR that interacted with NLRP3, which thereafter blocked the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusively, in this research, we confirmed the AHR-dependent protective role of genistein in environmental toxin-linked NASH, which shed light on the potential precautions for contaminants-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Administration for Market Regulation of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Supervision for Edible Agricultural Products, Shenzhen Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Administration for Market Regulation of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Supervision for Edible Agricultural Products, Shenzhen Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Xizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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Xue L, Zhao Y, Li L, Rao X, Chen X, Ma F, Yu H, Xie S. A key O-demethylase in the degradation of guaiacol by Rhodococcus opacus PD630. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0052223. [PMID: 37800939 PMCID: PMC10617553 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00522-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus opacus PD630 is a high oil-producing strain with the ability to convert lignin-derived aromatics to high values, but limited research has been done to elucidate its conversion pathway, especially the upper pathways. In this study, we focused on the upper pathways and demethylation mechanism of lignin-derived aromatics metabolism by R. opacus PD630. The results of the aromatic carbon resource utilization screening showed that R. opacus PD630 had a strong degradation capacity to the lignin-derived methoxy-containing aromatics, such as guaiacol, 3,4-veratric acid, anisic acid, isovanillic acid, and vanillic acid. The gene of gcoAR, which encodes cytochrome P450, showed significant up-regulation when R. opacus PD630 grew on diverse aromatics. Deletion mutants of gcoAR and its partner protein gcoBR resulted in the strain losing the ability to grow on guaiacol, but no significant difference to the other aromatics. Only co-complementation alone of gcoAR and gcoBR restored the strain's ability to utilize guaiacol, demonstrating that both genes were equally important in the utilization of guaiacol. In vitro assays further revealed that GcoAR could convert guaiacol and anisole to catechol and phenol, respectively, with the production of formaldehyde as a by-product. The study provided robust evidence to reveal the molecular mechanism of R. opacus PD630 on guaiacol metabolism and offered a promising study model for dissecting the demethylation process of lignin-derived aromatics in microbes.IMPORTANCEAryl-O-demethylation is believed to be the key rate-limiting step in the catabolism of heterogeneous lignin-derived aromatics in both native and engineered microbes. However, the mechanisms of O-demethylation in lignin-derived aromatic catabolism remain unclear. Notably, guaiacol, the primary component unit of lignin, lacks in situ demonstration and illustration of the molecular mechanism of guaiacol O-demethylation in lignin-degrading bacteria. This is the first study to illustrate the mechanism of guaiacol metabolism by R. opacus PD630 in situ as well as characterize the purified key O-demethylase in vitro. This study provided further insight into the lignin metabolic pathway of R. opacus PD630 and could guide the design of an efficient biocatalytic system for lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xue
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiquan Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinran Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuying Ma
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shangxian Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Su XN, Liu XS, Li CY, Zhang YP. Cytochrome P450 CYP90D5 Enhances Degradation of the Herbicides Isoproturon and Acetochlor in Rice Plants and Grains. J Agric Food Chem 2023. [PMID: 37905821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The rice cytochrome P450 gene has been comprehensively studied in the present study. This gene encodes CYP90D5 in promoting the degradation of isoproturon (IPU) and acetochlor (ACT) in rice tissues and grains. It has here been found that CYP90D5 improved the resistance of the plant to IPU and ACT, which was reflected in the improvement of the growth of the overexpression (OE) lines. CYP90D5 also reduced the levels of IPU and ACT accumulation in rice, and the CRISPR-Cas9 (Cas9) lines displayed the opposite effects. This function of CYP90D5 for pesticide degradation was also confirmed by the transformation of CYP90D5 in Pichia pastoris. Compared with the control yeast, it grew better and could degrade more pesticides. In addition, the relative contents of the IPU and ACT derivatives increased in the OE rice, while they decreased in the Cas9 rice. This suggested that CYP90D5 plays a pivotal role in the pesticide detoxification and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ning Su
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue Song Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chuan Ying Li
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Ping Zhang
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Al-saraireh YM, Alshammari FOFO, Abu-azzam OH, Al-dalain SM, Al-sarayra YM, Haddad M, Makeen H, Al-Qtaitat A, Almermesh M, Al-sarayreh SA. Targeting Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Ovarian Cancers: New Approaches to Tumor-Selective Intervention. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2898. [PMID: 38001897 PMCID: PMC10669316 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been significant developments in treatment for ovarian cancer, yet the lack of targeted therapy with few side effects still represents a major issue. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family plays a vital role in the tumorigenesis process and metabolism of drugs and has a negative impact on therapy outcomes. Gaining more insight into CYP expression is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer since many isoforms are essential to the metabolism of xenobiotics and steroid hormones, which drive the disease's development. To the best of our knowledge, no review articles have documented the intratumoral expression of CYPs and their implications in ovarian cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a clear understanding of differential CYP expression in ovarian cancer and its implications for the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, together with the effects of CYP polymorphisms on chemotherapy metabolism. Finally, we discuss opportunities to exploit metabolic CYP expression for the development of novel therapeutic methods to treat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M. Al-saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Fatemah O. F. O. Alshammari
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuwaikh 15432, Kuwait;
| | - Omar H. Abu-azzam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Sa’ed M. Al-dalain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Yahya M. Al-sarayra
- Al-Karak Governmental Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 86, Al-Karak 11118, Jordan;
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Hafiz Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aiman Al-Qtaitat
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Almermesh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameeh A. Al-sarayreh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
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79
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Zhou C, Zheng X, Wang L, Yue B, DU C, Liu X. The first chromosome-level genome assembly and transcriptome sequencing provide insights into cantharidin production of the blister beetles. Integr Zool 2023. [PMID: 37881135 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) produce a natural defensive toxin cantharidin (CTD), which has been used for various cancer treatments and other diseases. Currently, the lack of chromosome-level reference genomes in Meloidae limits further understanding of the mechanism of CTD biosynthesis and environmental adaptation. In this study, the chromosome-level genome assembly of Mylabris phalerata was generated based on PacBio and Hi-C sequencing. This reference genome was about 136.68 Mb in size with contig N50 of 9.17 Mb and composed of 12 chromosomes. In comparison to six other Coleoptera insects, M. phalerata exhibited multiple expanded gene families enriched in juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthetic process pathway, farnesol dehydrogenase activity, and cytochrome P450, which may be related to CTD biosynthesis. Consistently, the transcriptomic analysis suggested the "terpenoid backbone biosynthesis" pathway and "the juvenile hormone" as putative core pathways of CTD biosynthesis and presented eight up-regulated differential expression genes in male adults as candidate genes. It is possible that the restricted feeding niche and lifestyle of M. phalerata were the cause of the gene family's contraction of odorant binding proteins. The ABC transporters (ABCs) related to exporting bound toxins out of the cell and the resistance to the self-secreted toxins (e.g. CTD) were also contracted, possibly due to other self-protection strategies in M. phalerata. A foundation of understanding CTD biosynthesis and environmental adaptation of blister beetles will be established by our reference genome and discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chao DU
- Baotou Teachers College, Baotou, P. R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China
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80
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Tsybruk TV, Kaluzhskiy LA, Mezentsev YV, Makarieva TN, Tabakmaher KM, Ivanchina NV, Dmitrenok PS, Baranovsky AV, Gilep AA, Ivanov AS. Molecular Cloning, Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Evaluation of Protein-Ligand Interactions of CYP51 of Candida krusei Azole-Resistant Fungal Strain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2873. [PMID: 38001874 PMCID: PMC10668980 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of fungal diseases caused by fungi of the genus Candida and the development of pathogen resistance to available drugs, the need to find new effective antifungal agents has increased. Azole antifungals, which are inhibitors of sterol-14α-demethylase or CYP51, have been widely used in the treatment of fungal infections over the past two decades. Of special interest is the study of C. krusei CYP51, since this fungus exhibit resistance not only to azoles, but also to other antifungal drugs and there is no available information about the ligand-binding properties of CYP51 of this pathogen. We expressed recombinant C. krusei CYP51 in E. coli cells and obtained a highly purified protein. Application of the method of spectrophotometric titration allowed us to study the interaction of C. krusei CYP51 with various ligands. In the present work, the interaction of C. krusei CYP51 with azole inhibitors, and natural and synthesized steroid derivatives was evaluated. The obtained data indicate that the resistance of C. krusei to azoles is not due to the structural features of CYP51 of this microorganism, but rather to another mechanism. Promising ligands that demonstrated sufficiently strong binding in the micromolar range to C. krusei CYP51 were identified, including compounds 99 (Kd = 1.02 ± 0.14 µM) and Ch-4 (Kd = 6.95 ± 0.80 µM). The revealed structural features of the interaction of ligands with the active site of C. krusei CYP51 can be taken into account in the further development of new selective modulators of the activity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana V. Tsybruk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.B.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Leonid A. Kaluzhskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10 Building 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.K.); (Y.V.M.)
| | - Yuri V. Mezentsev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10 Building 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.K.); (Y.V.M.)
| | - Tatyana N. Makarieva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (K.M.T.); (N.V.I.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Kseniya M. Tabakmaher
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (K.M.T.); (N.V.I.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Natalia V. Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (K.M.T.); (N.V.I.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (K.M.T.); (N.V.I.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Alexander V. Baranovsky
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.B.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Andrei A. Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.B.); (A.A.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10 Building 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.K.); (Y.V.M.)
| | - Alexis S. Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10 Building 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.K.); (Y.V.M.)
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81
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Yiakoumetti A, Hanko EKR, Zou Y, Chua J, Chromy J, Stoney RA, Valdehuesa KNG, Connolly JA, Yan C, Hollywood KA, Takano E, Breitling R. Expanding flavone and flavonol production capabilities in Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1275651. [PMID: 37920246 PMCID: PMC10619664 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1275651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavones and flavonols are important classes of flavonoids with nutraceutical and pharmacological value, and their production by fermentation with recombinant microorganisms promises to be a scalable and economically favorable alternative to extraction from plant sources. Flavones and flavonols have been produced recombinantly in a number of microorganisms, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae typically being a preferred production host for these compounds due to higher yields and titers of precursor compounds, as well as generally improved ability to functionally express cytochrome P450 enzymes without requiring modification to improve their solubility. Recently, a rapid prototyping platform has been developed for high-value compounds in E. coli, and a number of gatekeeper (2S)-flavanones, from which flavones and flavonols can be derived, have been produced to high titers in E. coli using this platform. In this study, we extended these metabolic pathways using the previously reported platform to produce apigenin, chrysin, luteolin and kaempferol from the gatekeeper flavonoids naringenin, pinocembrin and eriodictyol by the expression of either type-I flavone synthases (FNS-I) or type-II flavone synthases (FNS-II) for flavone biosynthesis, and by the expression of flavanone 3-dioxygenases (F3H) and flavonol synthases (FLS) for the production of the flavonol kaempferol. In our best-performing strains, titers of apigenin and kaempferol reached 128 mg L-1 and 151 mg L-1 in 96-DeepWell plates in cultures supplemented with an additional 3 mM tyrosine, though titers for chrysin (6.8 mg L-1) from phenylalanine, and luteolin (5.0 mg L-1) from caffeic acid were considerably lower. In strains with upregulated tyrosine production, apigenin and kaempferol titers reached 80.2 mg L-1 and 42.4 mg L-1 respectively, without the further supplementation of tyrosine beyond the amount present in the rich medium. Notably, the highest apigenin, chrysin and luteolin titers were achieved with FNS-II enzymes, suggesting that cytochrome P450s can show competitive performance compared with non-cytochrome P450 enzymes in prokaryotes for the production of flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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82
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Chen GTE, Wang JY, Votta C, Braguy J, Jamil M, Kirschner GK, Fiorilli V, Berqdar L, Balakrishna A, Blilou I, Lanfranco L, Al-Babili S. Disruption of the rice 4-DEOXYOROBANCHOL HYDROXYLASE unravels specific functions of canonical strigolactones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306263120. [PMID: 37819983 PMCID: PMC10589652 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306263120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) regulate many developmental processes, including shoot-branching/tillering, and mediate rhizospheric interactions. SLs originate from carlactone (CL) and are structurally diverse, divided into a canonical and a noncanonical subfamily. Rice contains two canonical SLs, 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO) and orobanchol (Oro), which are common in different plant species. The cytochrome P450 OsMAX1-900 forms 4DO from CL through repeated oxygenation and ring closure, while the homologous enzyme OsMAX1-1400 hydroxylates 4DO into Oro. To better understand the biological function of 4DO and Oro, we generated CRISPR/Cas9 mutants disrupted in OsMAX1-1400 or in both OsMAX1-900 and OsMAX1-1400. The loss of OsMAX1-1400 activity led to a complete lack of Oro and an accumulation of its precursor 4DO. Moreover, Os1400 mutants showed shorter plant height, panicle and panicle base length, but no tillering phenotype. Hormone quantification and transcriptome analysis of Os1400 mutants revealed elevated auxin levels and changes in the expression of auxin-related, as well as of SL biosynthetic genes. Interestingly, the Os900/1400 double mutant lacking both Oro and 4DO did not show the observed Os1400 architectural phenotypes, indicating their being a result of 4DO accumulation. Treatment of wild-type plants with 4DO confirmed this assumption. A comparison of the Striga seed germinating activity and the mycorrhization of Os900, Os900/1400, and Os1400 loss-of-function mutants demonstrated that the germination activity positively correlates with 4DO content while disrupting OsMAX1-1400 has a negative impact on mycorrhizal symbiosis. Taken together, our paper deciphers the biological function of canonical SLs in rice and reveals their particular contributions to establishing architecture and rhizospheric communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ting Erica Chen
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- The Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristina Votta
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
| | - Justine Braguy
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gwendolyn K. Kirschner
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aparna Balakrishna
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- The Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- The Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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83
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Zhang K, Qin Y, Sun W, Shi H, Zhao S, He L, Li C, Zhao J, Pan J, Wang G, Han Z, Zhao C, Yang X. Phylogenomic Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Gene Superfamily and Their Association with Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1944. [PMID: 37895293 PMCID: PMC10606413 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) constitute extensive enzyme superfamilies in the plants, playing pivotal roles in a multitude of biosynthetic and detoxification pathways essential for growth and development, such as the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. However, CYPs have not yet been systematically studied in the cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), a globally significant cash crop. This study addresses this knowledge deficit through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis, leading to the identification of 589 AhCYP genes in peanuts. Through phylogenetic analysis, all AhCYPs were systematically classified into 9 clans, 43 gene families. The variability in the number of gene family members suggests specialization in biological functions. Intriguingly, both tandem duplication and fragment duplication events have emerged as pivotal drivers in the evolutionary expansion of the AhCYP superfamily. Ka/Ks analysis underscored the substantial influence of strong purifying selection on the evolution of AhCYPs. Furthermore, we selected 21 genes encoding 8 enzymes associated with the flavonoid pathway. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments unveiled stage-specific expression patterns during the development of peanut testa, with discernible variations between pink and red testa. Importantly, we identified a direct correlation between gene expression levels and the accumulation of metabolites. These findings offer valuable insights into elucidating the comprehensive functions of AhCYPs and the underlying mechanisms governing the divergent accumulation of flavonoids in testa of different colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.)
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yongmei Qin
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Sun
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi 276003, China;
| | - Hourui Shi
- Shandong Seed Management Station, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Shuzhen Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Liangqiong He
- Cash Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.)
| | - Changsheng Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Guanghao Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zhuqiang Han
- Cash Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiangli Yang
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.)
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84
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Li J, Jin L, Lv Y, Ding Y, Yan K, Zhang H, Pan Y, Shang Q. Inducible Cytochrome P450s in the Fat Body and Malpighian Tubules of the Polyphagous Pests of Spodoptera litura Confer Xenobiotic Tolerance. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:14517-14526. [PMID: 37773746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 plays vital roles in detoxifying xenobiotics. In this study, SlCYP340A and SlCYP340L expression in the Spodoptera litura fat body and SlCYP332A1, SlCYP6AB12, SlCYP6AB58, SlCYP6AB59, and SlCYP6AN4 expression in the Malpighian tubules were significantly upregulated after cyantraniliprole exposure, and SlCYP6AB58 and SlCYP6AB59 expression levels were simultaneously increased in the Malpighian tubules after gossypol treatment. Drosophila ectopically expressing candidate P450 genes showed that SlCYP332A1, SlCYP6AB12, SlCYP6AB59, SlCYP6AN4, and SlCYP340A conferred cyantraniliprole tolerance. The overexpression of SlCYP6AB58 and SlCYP6AB59 in Drosophila increased the number of eggs laid under the gossypol treatment. Moreover, the knockdown of SlCYP332A1, SlCYP6AB12, SlCYP6AB59, SlCYP6AN4, and SlCYP340A increased S. litura mortality under the cyantraniliprole treatment. Homology modeling and molecular docking results suggested that candidate P450 has the potential to bind with cyantraniliprole. These results indicate that the CYP3 and CYP4 genes participate in cyantraniliprole detoxification and that SlCYP6AB59 may be simultaneously involved in the gossypol tolerance of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yuntong Lv
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yaping Ding
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Kunpeng Yan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
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85
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Quijano-Barraza JM, Zúñiga G, Cano-Ramírez C, López MF, Ramírez-Salinas GL, Becerril M. Evolution and functional role prediction of the CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies in Dendroctonus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) bark beetles. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1274838. [PMID: 37877122 PMCID: PMC10593416 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1274838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendroctonus-bark beetles are natural components and key ecological agents of coniferous forests. They spend most of their lives under the bark, where they are exposed to highly toxic terpenes present in the oleoresin. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a multigene family involved in the detoxification of these compounds. It has been demonstrated that CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies hydroxylate monoterpenes, whose derivatives can act as pheromone synergist compounds or be pheromones themselves in these insects. Given the diversity and functional role of CYPs, we investigated whether these cytochromes have retained their function throughout the evolution of these insects. To test this hypothesis, we performed a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to determine phylogenetic subgroups of cytochromes in these subfamilies. Subgroups were mapped and reconciled with the Dendroctonus phylogeny. Molecular docking analyses were performed with the cytochromes of each subgroup and enantiomers of α-pinene and β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, β-myrcene and R-(+)-limonene. In addition, functional divergence analysis was performed to identify critical amino acid sites that influence changes in catalytic site conformation and/or protein folding. Three and two phylogenetic subgroups were recovered for the CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies, respectively. Mapping and reconciliation analysis showed different gain and loss patterns for cytochromes of each subgroup. Functional predictions indicated that the cytochromes analyzed are able to hydroxylate all monoterpenes; however, they showed preferential affinities to different monoterpenes. Functional divergence analyses indicated that the CYP6DE subfamily has experimented type I and II divergence, whereas the CYP6DJ subfamily has evolved under strong functional constraints. Results suggest cytochromes of the CYP6DE subfamily evolve to reinforce their detoxifying capacity hydroxylating mainly α- and β-pinene to (+) and (-)-trans-verbenol, being the negative enantiomer used as a pheromone by several Dendroctonus species; whereas cytochromes of the CYP6DJ subfamily appear to retain their original function related to the detoxification of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Manuel Quijano-Barraza
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gema L. Ramírez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Diseño de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises Becerril
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
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86
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Abstract
Cellular communication is a fundamental feature to ensure the survival of cellular assemblies, such as multicellular tissue, via coordinated adaption to changes in their surroundings. Consequently, the development of integrated semi-synthetic systems consisting of artificial cells (ACs) and mammalian cells requires feedback-based interactions. Here, we illustrate that ACs can eavesdrop on HepG2 cells focusing on the activity of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), an enzyme from the cytochrome P450 enzyme family. Specifically, d-cysteine is sent as a signal from the ACs via the triggered reduction of disulfide bonds. Simultaneously, HepG2 cells enzymatically convert 2-cyano-6-methoxybenzothiazole into 2-cyano-6-hydroxybenzothiazole that is released in the extracellular space. d-Cysteine and 2-cyano-6-hydroxybenzothiazole react to form d-luciferin. The ACs respond to this signal by converting d-luciferin into luminescence due to the presence of encapsulated luciferase in the ACs. As a result, the ACs can eavesdrop on the mammalian cells to evaluate the level of hepatic CYP1A2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Nymann Westensee
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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87
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Mokkawes T, De Visser T, Cao Y, De Visser SP. Melatonin Activation by Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: A Comparison between Different Isozymes. Molecules 2023; 28:6961. [PMID: 37836804 PMCID: PMC10574541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes in the human body play a pivotal role in both the biosynthesis and the degradation of the hormone melatonin. Melatonin plays a key role in circadian rhythms in the body, but its concentration is also linked to mood fluctuations as well as emotional well-being. In the present study, we present a computational analysis of the binding and activation of melatonin by various P450 isozymes that are known to yield different products and product distributions. In particular, the P450 isozymes 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 generally react with melatonin to provide dominant aromatic hydroxylation at the C6-position, whereas the P450 2C19 isozyme mostly provides O-demethylation products. To gain insight into the origin of these product distributions of the P450 isozymes, we performed a comprehensive computational study of P450 2C19 isozymes and compared our work with previous studies on alternative isozymes. The work covers molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics approaches. Our work highlights major differences in the size and shape of the substrate binding pocket amongst the different P450 isozymes. Consequently, substrate binding and positioning in the active site varies substantially within the P450 isozymes. Thus, in P450 2C19, the substrate is oriented with its methoxy group pointing towards the heme, and therefore reacts favorably through hydrogen atom abstraction, leading to the production of O-demethylation products. On the other hand, the substrate-binding pockets in P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 are tighter, direct the methoxy group away from the heme, and consequently activate an alternative site and lead to aromatic hydroxylation instead.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sam P. De Visser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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88
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Guengerich FP. Cytochrome P450 enzymes as drug targets in human disease. Drug Metab Dispos 2023:DMD-MR-2023-001431. [PMID: 37793784 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the mention of cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) inhibition usually brings to mind unwanted variability in pharmacokinetics, in several cases P450s are good targets for inhibition. These P450s are essential but in certain disease states it is desirable to reduce the concentrations of their products. Most of the attention to date has been with human P450s 5A1, 11A1, 11B1, 11B2, 17A1, 19A1, and 51A1. In some of those cases, there are multiple drugs in us, e.g., exemestane, letrozole, and anastrozole with P450 19A1, the steroid aromatase target in breast cancer. There are also several targets that are less developed, e. g. P450s 2A6, 8B1, 4A11, 24A1, 26A1, and 26B1. Significance Statement The selective inhibition of certain P450s that have major physiological functions has been shown to be very efficacious in certain human diseases. In several cases the search for better drugs continues.
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89
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Yang M, Wan S, Chen J, Chen W, Wang Y, Li W, Wang M, Guan R. Mutation to a cytochrome P 450 -like gene alters the leaf color by affecting the heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis pathways in Brassica napus. Plant J 2023; 116:432-445. [PMID: 37421327 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The regulated biosynthesis of chlorophyll is important because of its effects on plant photosynthesis and dry biomass production. In this study, a map-based cloning approach was used to isolate the cytochrome P450 -like gene BnaC08g34840D (BnCDE1) from a chlorophyll-deficient mutant (cde1) of Brassica napus obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenization. Sequence analyses revealed that BnaC08g34840D in the cde1 mutant (BnCDE1I320T ) encodes a substitution at amino acid 320 (Ile320Thr) in the conserved region. The over-expression of BnCDE1I320T in ZS11 (i.e., gene-mapping parent with green leaves) recapitulated a yellow-green leaf phenotype. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system was used to design two single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting BnCDE1I320T in the cde1 mutant. The knockout of BnCDE1I320T in the cde1 mutant via a gene-editing method restored normal leaf coloration (i.e., green leaves). These results indicate that the substitution in BnaC08g34840D alters the leaf color. Physiological analyses showed that the over-expression of BnCDE1I320T leads to decreases in the number of chloroplasts per mesophyll cell and in the contents of the intermediates of the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in leaves, while it increases heme biosynthesis, thereby lowering the photosynthetic efficiency of the cde1 mutant. The Ile320Thr mutation in the highly conserved region of BnaC08g34840D inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis and disrupted the balance between heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Our findings may further reveal how the proper balance between the chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis pathways is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shubei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yangming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rongzhan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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90
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Koroleva PI, Bulko TV, Agafonova LE, Shumyantseva VV. Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Mechanisms of Cytochromes P450 in the Development of Biosensors and Bioreactors. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2023; 88:1645-1657. [PMID: 38105030 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 are a unique family of enzymes found in all Kingdoms of living organisms (animals, bacteria, plants, fungi, and archaea), whose main function is biotransformation of exogenous and endogenous compounds. The review discusses approaches to enhancing the efficiency of electrocatalysis by cytochromes P450 for their use in biotechnology and design of biosensors and describes main methods in the development of reconstituted and electrochemical catalytic systems based on the biochemical mechanism of cytochromes P450, as well as and modern trends for their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia.
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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91
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Berger B, Kaufmann P, Berse M, Treiber A, Grignaschi N, Dingemanse J. Effect of nivasorexant (ACT-539313), a selective orexin-1-receptor antagonist, on multiple cytochrome P450 probe substrates in vitro and in vivo using a cocktail approach in healthy subjects. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01143. [PMID: 37800597 PMCID: PMC10557102 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nivasorexant, a selective orexin-1-receptor antagonist, has recently been assessed in the treatment of humans with binge-eating disorder. Herein, the inhibitory potential of nivasorexant on cytochromes P450 (CYPs) 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 was evaluated. Human liver microsomes/recombinant CYP enzymes were evaluated in vitro. In vivo, a single-center, open-label, fixed-sequence study was performed in healthy adults to explore the effect of 100 mg nivasorexant administered twice daily (b.i.d.) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of flurbiprofen (50 mg, CYP2C9), omeprazole (20 mg, CYP2C19), midazolam (2 mg, CYP3A4) making use of a cocktail approach. Plasma PK sampling was performed over 24 h on Day 1 (Cocktail alone), 8 (Cocktail + nivasorexant), and 15 (Cocktail + nivasorexant at steady state). Genotyping of subjects' CYPs was performed while safety and tolerability were also assessed. In vitro, nivasorexant inhibited CYP2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 in competitive inhibition assays with IC50 values of 8.6, 1.6, and 19-44 μM, respectively, while showing a significant time-dependent CYP2C19 inhibition. In 22 subjects, exposure to flurbiprofen, omeprazole, and midazolam was generally higher during concomitant single- (i.e., area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC] ratio increased by 1.04-, 2.05-, and 1.56-fold, respectively) and repeated-dose (i.e., AUC ratio increased by 1.47-, 6.84-, and 3.71-fold, respectively) nivasorexant administration compared with the cocktail substrates administered alone. The most frequently reported adverse event was somnolence. According to regulatory guidance, nivasorexant is classified as a moderate CYP2C19 and weak CYP3A4 inhibitor after 1 day and as a weak CYP2C9, strong CYP2C19, and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor after 8 days of 100 mg b.i.d. administration. Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05254548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Berger
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyIdorsia Pharmaceuticals LtdAllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Priska Kaufmann
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyIdorsia Pharmaceuticals LtdAllschwilSwitzerland
| | | | - Alexander Treiber
- Department of Preclinical Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsIdorsia Pharmaceuticals LtdAllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Nathalie Grignaschi
- Department of Preclinical Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsIdorsia Pharmaceuticals LtdAllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyIdorsia Pharmaceuticals LtdAllschwilSwitzerland
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92
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Xu J, Zhao J, Liu J, Dong C, Zhao L, Ai N, Xu P, Feng G, Xu Z, Guo Q, Cheng J, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang N, Xiao S. GbCYP72A1 Improves Resistance to Verticillium Wilt via Multiple Signaling Pathways. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3198-3210. [PMID: 36890127 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0033-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a fungal pathogen that causes Verticillium wilt (VW), which seriously reduces the yield of cotton owing to biological stress. The mechanism underlying the resistance of cotton to VW is highly complex, and the resistance breeding of cotton is consequently limited by the lack of in-depth research. Using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, we previously identified a novel cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene on chromosome D4 of Gossypium barbadense that is associated with resistance to the nondefoliated strain of V. dahliae. In this study, the CYP gene on chromosome D4 was cloned together with its homologous gene on chromosome A4 and were denoted as GbCYP72A1d and GbCYP72A1a, respectively, according to their genomic location and protein subfamily classification. The two GbCYP72A1 genes were induced by V. dahliae and phytohormone treatment, and the findings revealed that the VW resistance of the lines with silenced GbCYP72A1 genes decreased significantly. Transcriptome sequencing and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the GbCYP72A1 genes primarily affected disease resistance via the plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Interestingly, the findings revealed that although GbCYP72A1d and GbCYP72A1a had high sequence similarity and both genes enhanced the disease resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis, there was a difference between their disease resistance abilities. Protein structure analysis revealed that this difference was potentially attributed to the presence of a synaptic structure in the GbCYP72A1d protein. Altogether, the findings suggested that the GbCYP72A1 genes play an important role in plant response and resistance to VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chengguang Dong
- Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Nijiang Ai
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guoli Feng
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junling Cheng
- College of Agricultural, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yueping Wang
- College of Agricultural, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Ningshan Wang
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Institute of Industrial Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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93
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Zhai J, Man VH, Ji B, Cai L, Wang J. Comparison and summary of in silico prediction tools for CYP450-mediated drug metabolism. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103728. [PMID: 37517604 PMCID: PMC10543639 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme system is responsible for the metabolism of more than two-thirds of xenobiotics. This review summarizes reports of a series of in silico tools for CYP450 enzyme-drug interaction predictions, including the prediction of sites of metabolism (SOM) of a drug and the identification of inhibitor/substrates for CYP subtypes. We also evaluated four prediction tools to identify CYP inhibitors utilizing 52 of the most frequently prescribed drugs. ADMET Predictor and CYPlebrity demonstrated the best performance. We hope that this review provides guidance for choosing appropriate enzyme prediction tools from a variety of in silico platforms to meet individual needs. Such predictions are useful for medicinal chemists to prioritize their designed compounds for further drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Viet Hoang Man
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Beihong Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lianjin Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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94
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Nguyen NT, Jaramillo-Martinez V, Mathew M, Suresh VV, Sivaprakasam S, Bhutia YD, Ganapathy V. Sigma Receptors: Novel Regulators of Iron/Heme Homeostasis and Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14672. [PMID: 37834119 PMCID: PMC10572259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptors are non-opiate/non-phencyclidine receptors that bind progesterone and/or heme and also several unrelated xenobiotics/chemicals. They reside in the plasma membrane and in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and nucleus. Until recently, the biology/pharmacology of these proteins focused primarily on their role in neuronal functions in the brain/retina. However, there have been recent developments in the field with the discovery of unexpected roles for these proteins in iron/heme homeostasis. Sigma receptor 1 (S1R) regulates the oxidative stress-related transcription factor NRF2 and protects against ferroptosis, an iron-induced cell death process. Sigma receptor 2 (S2R), which is structurally unrelated to S1R, complexes with progesterone receptor membrane components PGRMC1 and PGRMC2. S2R, PGRMC1, and PGRMC2, either independently or as protein-protein complexes, elicit a multitude of effects with a profound influence on iron/heme homeostasis. This includes the regulation of the secretion of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, the modulation of the activity of mitochondrial ferrochelatase, which catalyzes iron incorporation into protoporphyrin IX to form heme, chaperoning heme to specific hemoproteins thereby influencing their biological activity and stability, and protection against ferroptosis. Consequently, S1R, S2R, PGRMC1, and PGRMC2 potentiate disease progression in hemochromatosis and cancer. These new discoveries usher this intriguing group of non-traditional progesterone receptors into an unchartered territory in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (N.T.N.); (V.J.-M.); (M.M.); (V.V.S.); (S.S.); (Y.D.B.)
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95
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Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang MM, He X, Huang Y, Ahmad S, Liu ZJ, Lan S. Genome-based identification of the CYP75 gene family in Orchidaceae and its expression patterns in Cymbidium goeringii. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1243828. [PMID: 37828920 PMCID: PMC10564990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1243828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
With a great diversity of species, Orchidaceae stands out as an essential component of plant biodiversity, making it a primary resource for studying angiosperms evolution and genomics. This study focuses on 13 published orchid genomes to identify and analyze the CYP75 gene family belonging to the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which is closely related to flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes and pigment regulation. We found 72 CYP75s in the 13 orchid genomes and further classified them into two classes: CYP75A and CYP75B subfamily, the former synthesizes blue anthocyanins, while the latter is involved in the production of red anthocyanins. Furthermore, the amount of CYP75Bs (53/72) greatly exceeds the amount of CYP75As (19/72) in orchids. Our findings suggest that CYP75B genes have a more important evolutionary role, as red plants are more common in nature than blue plants. We also discovered unique conserved motifs in each subfamily that serve as specific recognition features (motif 19 belong to CYP75A; motif 17 belong to CYP75B). Two diverse-colored varieties of C. goeringii were selected for qRT-PCR experiments. The expression of CgCYP75B1 was significantly higher in the purple-red variant compared to the yellow-green variant, while CgCYP75A1 showed no significant difference. Based on transcriptomic expression analysis, CYP75Bs are more highly expressed than CYP75As in floral organs, especially in colorful petals and lips. These results provide valuable information for future studies on CYP75s in orchids and other angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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96
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Akiyama R, Umemoto N, Mizutani M. Recent advances in steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Solanum. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2023; 40:185-191. [PMID: 38293253 PMCID: PMC10824493 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0717b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are specialized metabolites found in members of Solanum species, and are also known as toxic substances in Solanum food crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and eggplant (Solanum melongena). SGA biosynthesis can be divided into two main parts: formation of steroidal aglycones, which are derived from cholesterol, and glycosylation at the C-3 hydroxy group. This review focuses on recent studies that shed light on the complete process of the aglycone formation in SGA biosynthesis and structural diversification of SGAs by duplicated dioxygenases, as well as the development of non-toxic potatoes through genome editing using these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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97
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Roberts B, Cooper Z, Lu S, Stanley S, Majda BT, Collins KRL, Gilkes L, Rodger J, Akkari PA, Hood SD. Utility of pharmacogenetic testing to optimise antidepressant pharmacotherapy in youth: a narrative literature review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1267294. [PMID: 37795032 PMCID: PMC10545970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1267294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is the study and application of how interindividual differences in our genomes can influence drug responses. By evaluating individuals' genetic variability in genes related to drug metabolism, PGx testing has the capabilities to individualise primary care and build a safer drug prescription model than the current "one-size-fits-all" approach. In particular, the use of PGx testing in psychiatry has shown promising evidence in improving drug efficacy as well as reducing toxicity and adverse drug reactions. Despite randomised controlled trials demonstrating an evidence base for its use, there are still numerous barriers impeding its implementation. This review paper will discuss the management of mental health conditions with PGx-guided treatment with a strong focus on youth mental illness. PGx testing in clinical practice, the concerns for its implementation in youth psychiatry, and some of the barriers inhibiting its integration in clinical healthcare will also be discussed. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge and application for PGx in psychiatry and summarises the capabilities of genetic information to personalising medicine for the treatment of mental ill-health in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Roberts
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Zahra Cooper
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Lu
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Susanne Stanley
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Khan R. L. Collins
- Western Australian Department of Health, North Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lucy Gilkes
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Divison of General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - P. Anthony Akkari
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Centre, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Sean D. Hood
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Zong L, Zhang Y, Shao Z, Ljubic A, Jacobsen C, Gao R, Eser BE, Wang Y, Guo Z. Selective and Sustainable Production of Sub-terminal Hydroxy Fatty Acids by a Self-Sufficient CYP102 Enzyme from Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300368. [PMID: 37406107 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydroxylation of fatty acids by Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) offers an eco-friendly route to hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), high-value oleochemicals with various applications in materials industry and with potential as bioactive compounds. However, instability and poor regioselectivity of CYPs are their main drawbacks. A newly discovered self-sufficient CYP102 enzyme, BAMF0695 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7, exhibits preference for hydroxylation of sub-terminal positions (ω-1, ω-2, and ω-3) of fatty acids. Our studies show that BAMF0695 has a broad temperature optimum (over 70 % of maximal enzymatic activity retained between 20 to 50 °C) and is highly thermostable (T50 >50 °C), affording excellent adaptive compatibility for bioprocesses. We further demonstrate that BAMF0695 can utilize renewable microalgae lipid as a substrate feedstock for HFA production. Moreover, through extensive site-directed and site-saturation mutagenesis, we isolated variants with high regioselectivity, a rare property for CYPs that usually generate complex regioisomer mixtures. BAMF0695 mutants were able to generate a single HFA regiosiomer (ω-1 or ω-2) with selectivities from 75 % up to 91 %, using C12 to C18 fatty acids. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of a recent CYP and its variants for sustainable and green production of high-value HFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zhengkang Shao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Anita Ljubic
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Current address: AGC Biologics, Vandtårnsvej 83, 2860, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Renjun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yingwu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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99
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Shi Y, Liu Q, Lu W, Yuan J, Yang Y, Oakeshott J, Wu Y. Divergent amplifications of CYP9A cytochrome P450 genes provide two noctuid pests with differential protection against xenobiotics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308685120. [PMID: 37669374 PMCID: PMC10500183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308685120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide mechanistic support for the involvement of the CYP9A subfamily of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the detoxification of host plant defense compounds and chemical insecticides in Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera frugiperda. Our comparative genomics shows that a large cluster of CYP9A genes occurs in the two species but with significant differences in its contents, including several species-specific duplicates and substantial sequence divergence, both between orthologs and between duplicates. Bioassays of CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of the clusters show that, collectively, the CYP9As can detoxify two furanocoumarin plant defense compounds (imperatorin and xanthotoxin) and insecticides representing three different chemotypes (pyrethroids, avermectins, and oxadiazines). However, in vitro metabolic assays of heterologously expressed products of individual genes show several differences between the species in the particular CYP9As with activities against these compounds. We also find that the clusters show tight genetic linkage with high levels of pyrethroid resistance in field strains of the two species. We propose that their divergent amplifications of the CYP9A subfamily have not only contributed to the development of the broad host ranges of these species over long evolutionary timeframes but also supplied them with diverse genetic options for evolving resistance to chemical insecticides in the very recent past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - John Oakeshott
- Applied Biosciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
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100
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Wong WLE, Fabbri C, Laplace B, Li D, van Westrhenen R, Lewis CM, Dawe GS, Young AH. The Effects of CYP2C19 Genotype on Proxies of SSRI Antidepressant Response in the UK Biobank. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1277. [PMID: 37765085 PMCID: PMC10535191 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly used psychopharmaceutical treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but individual responses to SSRIs vary greatly. CYP2C19 is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of several drugs, including SSRIs. Variations in the CYP2C19 gene are associated with differential metabolic activity, and thus differential SSRI exposure; accordingly, the CYP2C19 genotype may affect the therapeutic response and clinical outcomes, though existing evidence of this link is not entirely consistent. Therefore, we analysed data from the UK Biobank, a large, deeply phenotyped prospective study, to investigate the effects of CYP2C19 metaboliser phenotypes on several clinical outcomes derived from primary care records, including multiple measures of antidepressant switching, discontinuation, duration, and side effects. In this dataset, 24,729 individuals were prescribed citalopram, 3012 individuals were prescribed escitalopram, and 12,544 individuals were prescribed sertraline. Consistent with pharmacological expectations, CYP2C19 poor metabolisers on escitalopram were more likely to switch antidepressants, have side effects following first prescription, and be on escitalopram for a shorter duration compared to normal metabolisers. CYP2C19 poor and intermediate metabolisers on citalopram also exhibited increased odds of discontinuation and shorter durations relative to normal metabolisers. Generally, no associations were found between metabolic phenotypes and proxies of response to sertraline. Sensitivity analyses in a depression subgroup and metabolic activity scores corroborated results from the primary analysis. In summary, our findings suggest that CYP2C19 genotypes, and thus metabolic phenotypes, may have utility in determining clinical responses to SSRIs, particularly escitalopram and citalopram, though further investigation of such a relationship is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Lee Edwin Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AG, UK; (R.v.W.)
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Benjamin Laplace
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Psychiatry Department of Research and Innovation, Esquirol Hospital Center, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Danyang Li
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Roos van Westrhenen
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AG, UK; (R.v.W.)
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute/PsyQ, 1062 HN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Gavin Stewart Dawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Allan H. Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AG, UK; (R.v.W.)
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, London BR3 3BX, UK
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