101
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Sami A, Shah FA, Abdullah M, Zhou X, Yan Y, Zhu Z, Zhou K. Melatonin mitigates cadmium and aluminium toxicity through modulation of antioxidant potential in Brassica napus L. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:679-690. [PMID: 32003103 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has emerged as an essential molecule in plants, due to its role in defence against metal toxicity. Aluminium (Al) and cadmium (Cd) toxicity inhibit rapeseed seedling growth. In this study, we applied different doses of melatonin (50 and 100 µm) to alleviate Al (25 µm) and Cd (25 µm) stress in rapeseed seedlings. Results show that Al and Cd caused toxicity in rapeseed seedling, as evidenced by a decrease in height, biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity. Melatonin increased the expression of melatonin biosynthesis-related Brassica napus genes for caffeic acid O-methyl transferase (BnCOMT) under Al and Cd stress. The genes BnCOMT-1, BnCOMT-5 and BnCOMT-8 showed up-regulated expression, while BnCOMT-4 and BnCOMT-6 were down-regulated during incubation in water. Melatonin application increased the germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. Melatonin supplementation under Al and Cd stress increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, as well as photosynthesis rate. Both Cd and Al treatments significantly increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in rapeseed seedlings, which were strictly counterbalanced by melatonin. Analysis of Cd and Al in different subcellular compartments showed that melatonin enhanced cell wall and soluble fractions, but reduced the vacuolar and organelle fractions in Al- and Cd-treated seedlings. These results suggest that melatonin-induced improvements in antioxidant potential, biomass, photosynthesis rate and successive Cd and Al sequestration play a pivotal role in plant tolerance to Al and Cd stress. This mechanism may have potential implications in safe food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sami
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - F A Shah
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - M Abdullah
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - X Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Y Yan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Z Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - K Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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102
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Sun L, Zhang M, Liu X, Mao Q, Shi C, Kochian LV, Liao H. Aluminium is essential for root growth and development of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). J Integr Plant Biol 2020; 62:984-997. [PMID: 32320136 PMCID: PMC7383589 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
On acid soils, the trivalent aluminium ion (Al3+ ) predominates and is very rhizotoxic to most plant species. For some native plant species adapted to acid soils including tea (Camellia sinensis), Al3+ has been regarded as a beneficial mineral element. In this study, we discovered that Al3+ is actually essential for tea root growth and development in all the tested varieties. Aluminum ion promoted new root growth in five representative tea varieties with dose-dependent responses to Al3+ availability. In the absence of Al3+ , the tea plants failed to generate new roots, and the root tips were damaged within 1 d of Al deprivation. Structural analysis of root tips demonstrated that Al was required for root meristem development and activity. In situ morin staining of Al3+ in roots revealed that Al mainly localized to nuclei in root meristem cells, but then gradually moved to the cytosol when Al3+ was subsequently withdrawn. This movement of Al3+ from nuclei to cytosols was accompanied by exacerbated DNA damage, which suggests that the nuclear-targeted Al primarily acts to maintain DNA integrity. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence that Al3+ is essential for root growth in tea plants through maintenance of DNA integrity in meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Mengshi Zhang
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Qianzhuo Mao
- Vector‐Borne Virus Research CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Chen Shi
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Leon V. Kochian
- Global Institute for Food SecurityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 4J8Canada
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
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103
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Kervarec M, Kemnitz E, Scholz G, Rudić S, Braun T, Jäger C, Michalchuk AAL, Emmerling F. A HF Loaded Lewis-Acidic Aluminium Chlorofluoride for Hydrofluorination Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:7314-7322. [PMID: 32315479 PMCID: PMC7318592 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The very strong Lewis acid aluminium chlorofluoride (ACF) was loaded with anhydrous HF. The interaction between the surface of the catalyst and HF was investigated using a variety of characterization methods, which revealed the formation of polyfluorides. Moreover, the reactivity of the HF-loaded ACF towards the hydrofluorination of alkynes was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Gudrun Scholz
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Svemir Rudić
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFCRutherford Appleton LaboratoryChilton, DidcotUK
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Jäger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Straße12489BerlinGermany
| | - Adam A. L. Michalchuk
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Straße12489BerlinGermany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Straße12489BerlinGermany
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104
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Ravi SK, Narasingappa RB, Mundagaru R, Girish TK, Vincent B. Cassia tora extract alleviates Aβ 1-42 aggregation processes in vitro and protects against aluminium-induced neurodegeneration in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:1119-1132. [PMID: 32363579 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the ability of Cassia tora extract to produce, in vitro and in vivo, beneficial effects with respect to events occurring during Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Previously characterised methanol extract of C. tora was tested for its ability to lessen Aβ42 aggregation processes in vitro and to alleviate aluminium-induced impairments in vivo in rats. KEY FINDINGS Cassia tora extract prevents the aggregation of monomeric, oligomeric and fibrillary Aβ1-42 in vitro. Moreover, the daily ingestion of 100 and 400 milligrams of the extract per kilogram of body weight for 60 days ameliorates the neurobehavioral and cognitive abilities of aluminium-treated rats in vivo. Importantly, treatments with the extract trigger a significant recovery of antioxidant enzymes function, a diminution of lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity, a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and an increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in both the hippocampus and the frontal cortex. Finally, we evidence that the extract is able to ameliorate the aluminium-dependent loss of neuronal integrity in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results reveal that methanol extract of C. tora is able to prevent typical AD-related events and therefore stands as a promising mild and natural anti-AD multitarget compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences, Bangalore, Hassan, India
| | - Ramesh B Narasingappa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences, Bangalore, Hassan, India
| | - Ravi Mundagaru
- Pharmacology laboratory, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi, India
| | - Talakatta K Girish
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
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105
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Abramson MJ, Gwini SM, de Klerk NH, Del Monaco A, Dennekamp M, Fritschi L, Dimitriadis C, Mohebbi M, Musk AWB, Sim MR. Predictive value of non-specific bronchial challenge testing for respiratory symptoms and lung function in aluminium smelter workers. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:535-539. [PMID: 32265234 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the predictive value of bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) for the subsequent development of respiratory symptoms, airflow limitation and decline in lung function among aluminium smelter workers. METHODS An inception cohort study of new employees at two Australian aluminium smelters was conducted. Participants completed a modified British Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire, spirometry and a methacholine bronchial challenge test at baseline and at annual follow-up reviews. BHR was defined as PD20 ≤4000 µg. Poisson and mixed effects models were fitted to respiratory symptoms and lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC)). RESULTS Baseline interview and lung function testing were completed by 278 workers, who were followed for a median of 4 years. BHR at baseline, present in 82 workers, was not associated with incident wheeze risk ratio (RR)=1.07 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.55) and cough RR=0.78 (95% CI 0.45, 1.35), but there was some increased risk of chest tightness RR=1.40 (95% CI 0.99, 1.98) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking and atopy. BHR at baseline was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC, although the rate of annual decline in FEV1 or FVC was similar between those with or without BHR. The specificity of BHR was 77% for wheeze, 70% for cough and 77% for chest tightness, but the sensitivity was poor, at 33%, 24% and 39%, respectively. CONCLUSION Methacholine challenge testing at entry to employment was not sufficiently predictive of later adverse respiratory outcomes, and notwithstanding the study limitations is unlikely to be a useful pre-employment or preplacement screening test in the aluminium smelting industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stella May Gwini
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University Hospital, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas H de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Del Monaco
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martine Dennekamp
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christina Dimitriadis
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur William Bill Musk
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Malcolm Ross Sim
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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106
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Jensen‐Jarolim E, Bachmann MF, Bonini S, Jacobsen L, Jutel M, Klimek L, Mahler V, Mösges R, Moingeon P, O´Hehir RE, Palomares O, Pfaar O, Renz H, Rhyner C, Roth‐Walter F, Rudenko M, Savolainen J, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Traidl‐Hoffmann C, Kündig T. State-of-the-art in marketed adjuvants and formulations in Allergen Immunotherapy: A position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Allergy 2020; 75:746-760. [PMID: 31774179 DOI: 10.1111/all.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) over 100 years ago, focus has been on standardization of allergen extracts, with reliable molecular composition of allergens receiving the highest attention. While adjuvants play a major role in European AIT, they have been less well studied. In this Position Paper, we summarize current unmet needs of adjuvants in AIT citing current evidence. Four adjuvants are used in products marketed in Europe: aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3 ) is the most frequently used adjuvant, with microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and calcium phosphate (CaP) used less frequently. Recent studies on humans, and using mouse models, have characterized in part the mechanisms of action of adjuvants on pre-existing immune responses. AIT differs from prophylactic vaccines that provoke immunity to infectious agents, as in allergy the patient is presensitized to the antigen. The intended mode of action of adjuvants is to simultaneously enhance the immunogenicity of the allergen, while precipitating the allergen at the injection site to reduce the risk of anaphylaxis. Contrasting immune effects are seen with different adjuvants. Aluminium hydroxide initially boosts Th2 responses, while the other adjuvants utilized in AIT redirect the Th2 immune response towards Th1 immunity. After varying lengths of time, each of the adjuvants supports tolerance. Further studies of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants may advise shorter treatment periods than the current three-to-five-year regimens, enhancing patient adherence. Improved lead compounds from the adjuvant pipeline are under development and are explored for their capacity to fill this unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Institute of Immunology Inselspital University of Berne Bern Switzerland
| | - Sergio Bonini
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology Italian National Research Council Rome Italy
| | - Lars Jacobsen
- ALC, Allergy Learning & Consulting Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wrocław Poland
- ALL‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center of Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden Germany
| | - Vera Mahler
- Division of Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines Langen Germany
| | - Ralph Mösges
- CRI‐Clinical Research International Ltd Hamburg Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Philippe Moingeon
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation – Immuno‐Inflammatory Disease Servier Suresnes France
| | - Robyn E. O´Hehir
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Research) Central Clinical School Monash University and Alfred Hospital Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chemistry School Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Claudio Rhyner
- SIAF – Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research Davos Switzerland
| | - Franziska Roth‐Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Johannes Savolainen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and Helmholtz I&I Initiative Technical University, and Helmholtz Center Munich Munich Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IEM) Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Kündig
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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107
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Teichmann F, Ziemer A, Leitner M, Hensel J, Dilger K. Linear Elastic FE-Analysis of Porous, Laser Welded, Heat Treatable, Aluminium High Pressure Die Castings Based on X-Ray Computed Tomography Data. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13061420. [PMID: 32245047 PMCID: PMC7143326 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The welding of aluminium high pressure die castings is a well known and broadly investigated challenge in various fields of industry and research. Prior research in this specific field mainly focused on the optimisation of the welding and the casting process and on the cause of the frequently occurring porosity and incomplete fusion phenomena, whereas the impacts of these defects have hardly been addressed. Therefore, the underlying study presents the investigation of weldments in EN AC-AlSi10MnMg high pressure aluminium die castings by linear elastic finite element analysis based on X-ray computed tomography as a novel approach. Hereby, four laser weldments with differing surfaces and pore contents were investigated by X-ray computed tomography and tensile testing. Based on the voxel datasets of the porous weldments, triangular finite element meshes were generated and a numerical finite element analysis was conducted. Good agreement of the stress-strain curves between the simulations and the experiments was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Teichmann
- Institute of Joining and Welding, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (A.Z.); (J.H.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-391-95573
| | - Arne Ziemer
- Institute of Joining and Welding, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (A.Z.); (J.H.); (K.D.)
| | - Martin Leitner
- Montanuniversität Loeben, Department Product Engineering, Chair of Mechanical Engineering, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
| | - Jonas Hensel
- Institute of Joining and Welding, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (A.Z.); (J.H.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaus Dilger
- Institute of Joining and Welding, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (A.Z.); (J.H.); (K.D.)
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108
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Canossa S, Gonzalez‐Nelson A, Shupletsov L, del Carmen Martin M, Van der Veen MA. Overcoming Crystallinity Limitations of Aluminium Metal-Organic Frameworks by Oxalic Acid Modulated Synthesis. Chemistry 2020; 26:3564-3570. [PMID: 31913529 PMCID: PMC7154786 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A modulated synthesis approach based on the chelating properties of oxalic acid (H2 C2 O4 ) is presented as a robust and versatile method to achieve highly crystalline Al-based metal-organic frameworks. A comparative study on this method and the already established modulation by hydrofluoric acid was conducted using MIL-53 as test system. The superior performance of oxalic acid modulation in terms of crystallinity and absence of undesired impurities is explained by assessing the coordination modes of the two modulators and the structural features of the product. The validity of our approach was confirmed for a diverse set of Al-MOFs, namely X-MIL-53 (X=OH, CH3 O, Br, NO2 ), CAU-10, MIL-69, and Al(OH)ndc (ndc=1,4-naphtalenedicarboxylate), highlighting the potential benefits of extending the use of this modulator to other coordination materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Canossa
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92628 BZDelftThe Netherlands
- Current affiliation: EMATDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgenlaan 1712020AntwerpBelgium
| | - Adrian Gonzalez‐Nelson
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92628 BZDelftThe Netherlands
- DPI, P.O.Box 925600 AXEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Leonid Shupletsov
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92628 BZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Maria del Carmen Martin
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92628 BZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Monique A. Van der Veen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92628 BZDelftThe Netherlands
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109
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Abstract
A series of group 13 complexes of the general type [{(WCA-IDipp)EX3 }Li(solv)] (E=B, Al, Ga, In; X=Cl, Br) that bear an anionic N-heterocyclic carbene ligand with a weakly coordinating borate moiety (WCA-IDipp, WCA=B(C6 F5 )3 and IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) were prepared by the reaction of the respective group 13 trihalides (EX3 ) with the lithium salt [(WCA-IDipp)Li ⋅ toluene]. The molecular structures of the BBr3 , AlCl3 , AlBr3 , GaCl3 and InCl3 adducts were established by X-ray diffraction analyses, revealing the formation of coordination polymers linked by halide-lithium interactions, except for the indium derivative, which consists of isolated [Li(THF)4 ]+ and [(WCA-IDipp)InCl3 ]- ions in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Lisa Anders
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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110
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Röllin HB, Channa K, Olutola B, Nogueira C, Odland JØ. In Utero Exposure to Aluminium and Other Neurotoxic Elements in Urban Coastal South African Women at Delivery: An Emerging Concern. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17051724. [PMID: 32155754 PMCID: PMC7084550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is a non-essential neurotoxicant and there is limited information regarding exposure to Al in utero. This study sought to evaluate the in utero exposure to Al in urban South African women, its effects on birth outcomes and possible synergistic effects between Al, essential and neurotoxic elements such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), as well as a a potential sex-dependent response to these elements in neonates. This study has found elevated levels of Al in urban women at delivery. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (p-value) of the association between maternal serum Al and birth outcomes (gestational age and parity), and between maternal serum Al and Cu, Zn and Se, were statistically significant. However, in the general and the stratified models, no association was found between any of the birth outcomes and maternal serum Al. The association between maternal serum Al and neurotoxic elements at delivery showed a significant positive correlation for Pb only (rho = 0.361; p < 0.001) which was found to be sex-dependent in neonates (males, rho = 0.285; p < 0.004 and females, rho = 0.444, p < 0.001). Our preliminary findings indicate that in utero exposure to Al is an emerging concern requiring further research and directives from public health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina B. Röllin
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.O.); (C.N.); (J.Ø.O.)
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-356-3261
| | - Kalavati Channa
- Lancet Laboratories, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Johannesburg 2090, South Africa;
| | - Bukola Olutola
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.O.); (C.N.); (J.Ø.O.)
| | - Claudina Nogueira
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.O.); (C.N.); (J.Ø.O.)
| | - Jon Ø. Odland
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.O.); (C.N.); (J.Ø.O.)
- Department of Community Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Higher School of Economics, National Research University, 107078 Moscow, Russia
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111
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Platts JA. Quantum chemical molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulation of aluminium binding to amyloid-β and related peptides. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:191562. [PMID: 32257321 PMCID: PMC7062105 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report semi-empirical tight-binding simulations of the interaction between Al(III) and biologically relevant peptides. The GFN2-XTB method is shown to accurately reproduce previously reported and density functional theory (DFT)-calculated geometries of model systems. Molecular dynamics simulations based on this method are able to sample peptide flexibility over timescales of up to nanoseconds, but these timescales are insufficient to explore potential changes in metal-peptide binding modes. To achieve this, metadynamics simulations using root mean square deviation as a collective variable were employed. With suitably chosen biasing potentials, these are able to efficiently explore diverse coordination modes, for instance, through Glu and/or Asp residues in a model peptide. Using these methods, we find that Al(III) binding to the N-terminal sequence of amyloid-β is highly fluxional, with all acidic sidechains and several backbone oxygens participating in coordination. We also show that such simulations could provide a means to predict a priori possible binding modes as a precursor to longer, atomistic simulations.
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Revin LS, Pankratov AL, Gordeeva AV, Yablokov AA, Rakut IV, Zbrozhek VO, Kuzmin LS. Microwave photon detection by an Al Josephson junction. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2020; 11:960-965. [PMID: 32647595 PMCID: PMC7323616 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An aluminium Josephson junction (JJ), with a critical current suppressed by a factor of three compared with the maximal value calculated from the gap, is experimentally investigated for application as a threshold detector for microwave photons. We present the preliminary results of measurements of the lifetime of the superconducting state and the probability of switching by a 9 GHz external signal. We found an anomalously large lifetime, not described by the Kramers' theory for the escape time over a barrier under the influence of fluctuations. We explain it by the phase diffusion regime, which is evident from the temperature dependence of the switching current histograms. Therefore, phase diffusion allows for a significant improvement of the noise immunity of a device, radically decreasing the dark count rate, but it will also decrease the single-photon sensitivity of the considered threshold detector. Quantization of the switching probability tilt as a function of the signal attenuation for various bias currents through the JJ is observed, which resembles the differentiation between N and N + 1 photon absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid S Revin
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, GSP-105, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
- Center of Cryogenic Nanoelectronics, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Andrey L Pankratov
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, GSP-105, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
- Center of Cryogenic Nanoelectronics, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna V Gordeeva
- Center of Cryogenic Nanoelectronics, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anton A Yablokov
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, GSP-105, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
- Center of Cryogenic Nanoelectronics, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Igor V Rakut
- Center of Cryogenic Nanoelectronics, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victor O Zbrozhek
- Center of Cryogenic Nanoelectronics, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Leonid S Kuzmin
- Center of Cryogenic Nanoelectronics, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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113
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Li T, Roy K, Krumeich F, Artiglia L, Huthwelker T, van Bokhoven JA. Variation of Aluminium Distribution in Small-Sized ZSM-5 Crystals during Desilication. Chemistry 2019; 25:15879-15886. [PMID: 31553090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hollow ZSM-5 zeolites of size below one micrometer can be produced by desilication of crystals with aluminium zoning. The parent crystals have a core-shell structure: the core part has nearly no aluminium, whereas the aluminium content in the shell increases when extending to exterior surface. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of the crystalline shell after base leaching, but could not identify its subtle change. An increase of the Si/Al ratio of the surface was detected upon leaching the parent material to form the hollow zeolite by using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy of substituted alkylpyridines. 27 Al MAS NMR showed that base leaching results in a reduced percentage of distorted tetrahedrally coordinated aluminium. The reprecipitation of dissolved species occurs and tetrahedrally coordinated tin atoms can thus be introduced to the shell framework. Overall, the formation of hollow ZSM-5 zeolites by desilication involves not only the removal of silicon-rich core, but also a reduced percentage of exterior aluminium-related acid sites, which should be considered while using hollow zeolites in acid-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kanak Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
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114
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Neophytou AM, Costello S, Picciotto S, Noth EM, Liu S, Lutzker L, Balmes JR, Hammond K, Cullen MR, Eisen EA. Accelerated lung function decline in an aluminium manufacturing industry cohort exposed to PM 2.5: an application of the parametric g-formula. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:888-894. [PMID: 31615860 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational dust exposure has been associated with accelerated lung function decline, which in turn is associated with overall morbidity and mortality. In the current study, we assess potential benefits on lung function of hypothetical interventions that would reduce occupational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) while adjusting for the healthy worker survivor effect. METHODS Analyses were performed in a cohort of 6485 hourly male workers in an aluminium manufacturing company in the USA, followed between 1996 and 2013. We used the parametric g-formula to assess lung function decline over time under hypothetical interventions while also addressing time-varying confounding by underlying health status, using a composite risk score based on health insurance claims. RESULTS A counterfactual scenario envisioning a limit on exposure equivalent to the 10th percentile of the observed exposure distribution of 0.05 mg/m3 was associated with an improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) equivalent to 37.6 mL (95% CI 13.6 to 61.6) after 10 years of follow-up when compared with the observed. Assuming a linear decrease and (from NHANES reference values), a 20 mL decrease per year for a 1.8 m-tall man as they age, this 37.6 mL FEV1 loss over 10 years associated with observed exposure would translate to approximately a 19% increase to the already expected loss per year from age alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that occupational PM2.5 exposure in the aluminium industry accelerates lung function decline over age. Reduction in exposure may mitigate accelerated loss of lung function over time in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Neophytou
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA .,School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sadie Costello
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sally Picciotto
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Noth
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sa Liu
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Liza Lutzker
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - John R Balmes
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Katharine Hammond
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mark R Cullen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ellen A Eisen
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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115
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Lebon B, Tzanakis I, Pericleous K, Eskin D. Numerical Modelling of the Ultrasonic Treatment of Aluminium Melts: An Overview of Recent Advances. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3262. [PMID: 31590463 PMCID: PMC6804316 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of the acoustic pressure field and associated streaming is of paramount importance to ultrasonic melt processing. Hence, the last decade has witnessed the emergence of various numerical models for predicting acoustic pressures and velocity fields in liquid metals subject to ultrasonic excitation at large amplitudes. This paper summarizes recent research, arguably the state of the art, and suggests best practice guidelines in acoustic cavitation modelling as applied to aluminium melts. We also present the remaining challenges that are to be addressed to pave the way for a reliable and complete working numerical package that can assist in scaling up this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lebon
- Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Iakovos Tzanakis
- Oxford Brookes University, Wheatley Campus, Oxford OX33 1HX, UK.
| | - Koulis Pericleous
- Computational Science and Engineering Group, University of Greenwich, 30 Park Row, London SE10 9LS, UK.
| | - Dmitry Eskin
- Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
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116
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Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is frequently accessible to animal and human populations to the extent that intoxications may occur. Intake of Al is by inhalation of aerosols or particles, ingestion of food, water and medicaments, skin contact, vaccination, dialysis and infusions. Toxic actions of Al induce oxidative stress, immunologic alterations, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effect, peptide denaturation or transformation, enzymatic dysfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, membrane perturbation, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and dysplasia. The pathological conditions associated with Al toxicosis are desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, granulomatosis and fibrosis, toxic myocarditis, thrombosis and ischemic stroke, granulomatous enteritis, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, anemia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, sclerosis, autism, macrophagic myofasciitis, osteomalacia, oligospermia and infertility, hepatorenal disease, breast cancer and cyst, pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis and diabetes mellitus. The review provides a broad overview of Al toxicosis as a background for sustained investigations of the toxicology of Al compounds of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ephraim Igwenagu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe
- Department Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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117
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Mulder R, Anderson-Small C. Ion release of chitosan and nanodiamond modified glass ionomer restorative cements. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2019; 11:313-320. [PMID: 31686917 PMCID: PMC6737163 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s220089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ion release from glass ionomer restorative cements (GICs) plays an important role in GICs. The ion release from chitosan and nanodiamond-modified glass ionomers was assessed. Materials and methods Three GICs (Fuji IX, Ketac Universal and Riva Self Cure) were modified in the powder phase per weight by adding 5% or 10% of a commercially available chitosan powder (CH) or nanodiamond (ND) powder to the GICs. The specimens with dimensions 4 mm diameter and 6 mm height manufactured from the 15 GIC formulations were allowed to set for 1 hr and subsequently placed in neutral de-ionised water. The released ions were assessed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) to determine the elemental release. Additionally, three different disc-shaped specimens (3 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) were constructed from each material for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) microanalysis to establish an ion weight percentage. Results There were no significant differences in the ion release between the control materials for aluminium, silicon and strontium. The ion release from CH and most ND-modified GICs were significantly (p<0.00001) increased compared to the control materials. CH modifications significantly increased the ion release of aluminium, sodium, silicon and strontium for all three control materials (with the exception of the strontium release from Ketac Universal that was modified with 5% chitosan). Conclusion Ion release can be advantageous to tooth structure due to the interaction of chitosan with the GIC chemistry and moisture during maturation. Ion release up to five times greater than the control was noted for some ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaan Mulder
- Paediatric Dentistry, The University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Papadimitriou I, Utton C, Tsakiropoulos P. Phase Equilibria in the Nb-Rich Region of Al-Nb-Sn at 900 and 1200 °C. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12172759. [PMID: 31466242 PMCID: PMC6747826 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Al-Nb-Sn phase diagram was studied experimentally in the Nb-rich region to provide important phase equilibria information for alloy design of Nb-silicide based materials for aero engine applications. Three alloys were produced: Nb-17Al-17Sn, Nb-33Al-13Sn and Nb-16Al-20Sn (at.%). As-cast and heat-treated alloys (900 and 1200 °C) were analysed using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM/EDS (scanning electron microscopy/ electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy). Tin showed a high solubility in Nb2Al, reaching up to 21 at.% in the Sn-rich areas, substituting for Al atoms. Tin and Al also substituted for each other in the A15 phases (Nb3Al and Nb3Sn). Tin showed limited solubility in NbAl3, not exceeding 3.6 at.% as it substituted Al atoms. The solubility of Al in NbSn2 varied from 4.8 to 6.8 at.%. A ternary phase, Nb5Sn2Al with the tI32 W5Si3 crystal structure, was found to be stable. This phase was observed in the 900 °C heat-treated samples, but not in the 1200 °C heated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papadimitriou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, England, UK
| | - Claire Utton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, England, UK.
| | - Panos Tsakiropoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, England, UK
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Truscott JC, Conradie J, Swart HC, Duvenhage MM, Visser HG. Synthesis, crystal structures, photoluminescence, electrochemistry and DFT study of aluminium(III) and gallium(III) complexes containing a novel tetradentate Schiff base ligand. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2019; 75:1045-1052. [PMID: 31380786 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619008805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of the aluminium and gallium complexes of 6,6'-{(1E,1'E)-[1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene)]bis(methanylylidene)}bis(2-methoxyphenol), namely diaqua(6,6'-{(1E,1'E)-[1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene)]bis(methanylylidene)}bis(2-methoxyphenolato)-κ4O1,N,N',O1')aluminium(III) nitrate ethanol monosolvate, [Al(C22H18N2O4)(H2O)2]NO3·C2H5OH, 1, and diaqua(6,6'-{(1E,1'E)-[1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene)]bis(methanylylidene)}bis(2-methoxyphenolato)-κ4O1,N,N',O1')gallium(III) nitrate ethanol monosolvate, [Ga(C22H18N2O4)(H2O)2]NO3·C2H5OH, 2, were obtained after successful synthesis in ethanol. Both complexes crystallized in the triclinic space group P-1, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. In both structures, in one of the independent molecules the tetradentate ligand is almost planar while in the other independent molecule the ligand shows significant distortions from planarity, as illustrated by the largest distance from the plane constructed through the central metal atom and the O,N,N',O'-coordinating atoms of the ligand in 1 of 1.155 (3) Å and a distance of 1.1707 (3) Å in 2. The possible reason for this is that there are various strong π-interactions in the structures. This was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as were the other crystallographic data. DFT was also used to predict the outcome of cyclic voltammetry experiments. Ligand oxidation is more stabilized in the gallium complex. Solid-state photoluminescence gave an 80 nm red-shifted spectrum for the gallium complex, whereas the aluminium complex maintains the ligand curve with a smaller red shift of 40 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
| | - Hendrik C Swart
- Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
| | - Mart Marie Duvenhage
- Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
| | - Hendrik Gideon Visser
- Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
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120
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Kjeldstad T, Thøgersen A, Stange M, Jensen IT, Monakhov E, Galeckas A. Surface Effects and Optical Properties of Self-Assembled Nanostructured a-Si:Al. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1106. [PMID: 31375018 PMCID: PMC6723699 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the surface effects and optical properties of the self-assembled nanostructures comprised of vertically aligned 5 nm-diameter Al nanowires embedded in an amorphous Si matrix (a-Si:Al). The controlled (partial) removal of Al nanowires in a selective etching process yielded nanoporous a-Si media with a variable effective surface area. Different spectroscopy techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis spectrophotometry and photoluminescence (PL), have been combined to investigate the impact of such nanostructuring on optical absorption and emission properties. We also examine long-term exposure to air ambient and show that increasing level of surface oxidation determines the oxide defect-related nature of the dominant PL emission from the nanoporous structures. The role of bulk, nanosize and surface effects in optical properties has been separated and quantified, providing a better understanding of the potential of such nanoporous a-Si:Al structures for future device developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Kjeldstad
- Department of Physics/Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Marit Stange
- SINTEF Industry, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, 0314 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Eduard Monakhov
- Department of Physics/Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Augustinas Galeckas
- Department of Physics/Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- N McGuire
- Devices Division, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
| | - M Kelly
- Devices Division, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
| | - E Mustafa
- Devices Division, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
| | - J Hannon
- Devices Division, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
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Yakubovich O, Kiriukhina G, Volkov A, Dimitrova O. The rich crystal chemistry of the AMM'(PO 4) 2 morphotropic series: NaZnAl(PO 4) 2, the first Na representative with a new structure type. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2019; 75:514-522. [PMID: 31062707 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619004327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel phosphate, sodium zinc aluminium bis(phosphate), NaZnAl(PO4)2, was obtained under mild-temperature hydrothermal conditions at 553 K. The crystal structure has been studied using single-crystal X-ray experimental data. The pseudo-hexagonal phase NaZnAl(PO4)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. Its unique crystal structure is based on a three-dimensional (3D) framework built by Zn-, Al- and P-centred tetrahedra sharing vertices. Channels parallel to the [101] and [-101] directions are limited by six- and eight-membered windows, and incorporate Na atoms. The new compound is discussed as a member of the morphotropic series AMM'PO4, where A = Na, K, Rb or NH4, M = Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Zn or Mg and M' = Fe, Al or Ga. The title compound is the first Na representative within the series and is characterized by a 3D architecture of tetrahedra populated in an ordered manner by Zn2+, Al3+ and P5+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yakubovich
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Kiriukhina
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoliy Volkov
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Dimitrova
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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123
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Chen P, Sjogren CA, Larsen PB, Schnittger A. A multi-level response to DNA damage induced by aluminium. Plant J 2019; 98:479-491. [PMID: 30657222 PMCID: PMC6850279 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) ions are one of the primary growth-limiting factors for plants on acid soils, globally restricting agriculture. Despite its impact, little is known about Al action in planta. Earlier work has indicated that, among other effects, Al induces DNA damage. However, the loss of major DNA damage response regulators, such SOG1, partially suppressed the growth reduction in plants seen on Al-containing media. This raised the question whether Al actually causes DNA damage and, if so, how. Here, we provide cytological and genetic data corroborating that exposure to Al leads to DNA double-strand breaks. We find that the Al-induced damage specifically involves homology-dependent (HR) recombination repair. Using an Al toxicity assay that delivers higher Al concentrations than used in previous tests, we find that sog1 mutants become highly sensitive to Al. This indicates a multi-level response to Al-induced DNA damage in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyu Chen
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburg22609Germany
| | | | - Paul B. Larsen
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburg22609Germany
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124
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Bekker MZ, Day MP, Smith PA. Changes in Metal Ion Concentrations in a Chardonnay Wine Related to Oxygen Exposure during Vinification. Molecules 2019; 24:E1523. [PMID: 30999713 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of oxygen exposure during winemaking on metal ion concentrations in wine were investigated throughout the winemaking process in a Chardonnay wine. The concentrations of Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sn, and Zn were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Oxygen exposure significantly impacted 13 metal ions at different phases of winemaking. However, only the concentrations of Cr, Cu, and Fe were impacted by early oxygen exposure during pressing, with lower Cr and Cu concentrations in wines that were aerobically pressed and lower concentrations of Fe in wines that were inertly pressed. The sequestering of Al, Cu, Ni, and Zn by wine lees was significantly affected by oxygen treatment, with lees collected from wines that were treated oxidatively sequestering significantly greater amounts of Cu and Zn and removing these metals from the wine supernatant. The metal ion that was most affected by oxygen exposure during pressing and handling was Cu, with significantly lower Cu measured in wines that were produced under oxidative conditions. It is known that elevated Cu concentrations have negative implications for wine aroma and flavour. This study demonstrated that oxygen management during winemaking significantly impacts metal ion concentrations in lees and wine, which may decrease the risk of developing taints and faults.
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Vinogradov AA, Minyaev ME, Lyssenko KA, Nifant’ev IE. Crystal structure of bis(μ 2-tri-phenyl-acetato-κ O:κ O')bis(diisobutyl aluminium). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:456-459. [PMID: 31161056 PMCID: PMC6509680 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of the title compound, [Al(iBu)2(O2CCPh3)]2 or [Al2(C4H9)4(C20H15O2)2], have been formed in the reaction between tris-(tetra-hydro-furan)-tris-(tri-phenyl-acetato)-neodymium, [Nd(Ph3CCOO)3(THF)3], and triiso-butyl-aluminium, Al(iBu)3, in hexane followed by low-temperature crystallization (243 K) from the reaction mixture. The structure has triclinic (P ) symmetry at 120 K. The dimeric complex [Al(iBu)2(O2CCPh3-μ-κO:κO')]2 is located about an inversion centre. The tri-phenyl-acetate ligand displays a μ-κO:κO'-bridging coordination mode, leading to the formation of an octa-gonal Al2O4C2 core. The complex displays HPh⋯CPh inter-molecular inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Affiliation(s)
- M Charlesworth
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A A J van Zundert
- Discipline of Anaesthesiology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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127
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Takanashi M, Ogimoto M, Suzuki K, Haneishi N, Shiozawa Y, Tomioka N, Kimura C, Okamura R, Teramura W, Uematsu Y, Monma K, Kobayashi C. [Survey of Aluminium Content of Processed Food Using Baking Powder (2015-2016)]. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2019; 59:275-281. [PMID: 30626785 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.59.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aluminium (Al) content of Japanese confectionery and foods containing flour was investigated. Some of these items were investigated in previous studies, which examined foods that made use of baking powder containing aluminium potassium sulfate (Alum). Al was detected in 41 of the 123 samples at levels ranging from 0.01 (limit of quantitation) to 0.40 mg/g. The detection rate of Al in almost all confectionery (except Japanese confectionery) was decreased as compared with previous studies. However, the detection rate of Al in Japanese confectionery and foods containing flour was high. For 4 of the 41 samples tested, consuming one serving once a week would result in an Al intake exceeding the PTWI for young children (body weight=16 kg).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kumi Suzuki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wataru Teramura
- Food Safety Control Section, Health and Safety Division, the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health
| | | | - Kimio Monma
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
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Nagayama T, Nakamura A, Yamaji N, Satoh S, Furukawa J, Iwai H. Changes in the Distribution of Pectin in Root Border Cells Under Aluminum Stress. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1216. [PMID: 31632431 PMCID: PMC6783878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Root border cells (RBCs) surround the root apices in most plant species and are involved in the production of root exudates. We tested the relationship between pectin content in root tips and aluminum (Al) tolerance by comparing these parameters in wild-type (WT) and sensitive-to-Al-rhizotoxicity (star1) mutant rice plants. Staining for demethylesterified pectin decreased after Al treatment in the WT. A high level of pectin was observed in RBCs of the root tips. The level of total pectin was increased by about 50% compared with the control. In the Al-sensitive star1 mutant, Al treatment decreased root elongation and pectin content, especially in RBCs. In addition, almost no Al accumulation was observed in the control, whereas more Al was accumulated in the RBCs of STAR1 roots. These results show that the amount of pectin influences Al tolerance; that Al accumulation in rice roots is reduced by the distribution of pectin in root-tip RBCs; and that these reactions occur in the field around the RBCs, including the surrounding mucilage. Al accumulation in rice roots is reduced by the distribution of pectin in root tips, and pectin in the root cell walls contributes to the acquisition of Al tolerance in rice by regulating its distribution. The release of Al-binding mucilage by RBCs could play a role in protecting root tips from Al-induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Nagayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shinobu Satoh
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun Furukawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jun Furukawa, ; Hiroaki Iwai, iwai.hiroaki.gb.@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
| | - Hiroaki Iwai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jun Furukawa, ; Hiroaki Iwai, iwai.hiroaki.gb.@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
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Vinogradov AA, Roitershtein DM, Minyaev ME, Lyssenko KA, Nifant’ev IE. Crystal structure of bis-(μ 2-meth-anolato-κ O:κ O)hexa-methyl-bis-(μ 2-tri-phenyl-acetato-κ O:κ O')bis-(μ 2-tri-phenyl-acetato-κ 2 O, O':κ O)di aluminiumdi-lanthanum toluene tetra-solvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1790-1794. [PMID: 30574375 PMCID: PMC6281095 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018015876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, [Al2La2(C20H15O2)4(CH3)6(CH3O)2]·4CH3C6H5 or [{La(Ph3CCOO)2(Me3AlOMe)}2]·4CH3C6H5, was formed in a reaction between lanthanum tris-(tetra-methyl-aluminate) and tri-phenyl-acetic acid (1:1) with unintended partial oxidation. The tri-phenyl-acetate ligand exhibits μ2-κ1 O:κ1 O' bridging and μ2-κ2 O,O':κ1 O semi-bridging coordination modes, forming a dimeric La2(μ-OCO)4 core. The semi-bridging tri-phenyl-acetate group provides additional bonding with an La3+ cation via the π-system of one of its phenyl rings. The tri-methyl-meth-oxy-aluminate anion, which is coordinated to the La3+ cation by its O atom, displays a rather long La-CMe bond. Two toluene mol-ecules are each disordered over two orientations about centres of symmetry with site occupancy factors of 0.5. The title compound represents the first example of an LnIII complex containing both alkyl alkoxide aluminate and π-bounded arene fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii M. Roitershtein
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State, University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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García-Valle FM, Tabernero V, Cuenca T, Cano J, Mosquera MEG. Aluminates with Fluorinated Schiff Bases: Influence of the Alkali Metal⁻Fluorine Interactions in Structure Stabilization. Molecules 2018; 23:E3108. [PMID: 30486480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New heterometallic aluminium-alkali metal compounds have been prepared using Schiff bases with electron withdrawing substituents as ligands. The synthesis of these new species was achieved via the reaction of AlMe₃ with the freshly prepared alkali-metallated ligand. The derivatives formed were characterized by NMR in solution and by single crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state. Aluminate derivatives with lithium and sodium were prepared and a clear influence of the alkali metal in the final outcome is observed. The presence of a Na···F interaction in the solid state has a stabilization effect and the species [NaAlMe₃L]₂ can de isolated for the first time, which was not possible when using Schiff bases without electron withdrawing substituents as ligands.
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131
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Moustaka J, Ouzounidou G, Sperdouli I, Moustakas M. Photosystem II Is More Sensitive than Photosystem I to Al 3+ Induced Phytotoxicity. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1772. [PMID: 30235794 PMCID: PMC6165523 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) the most abundant metal in the earth's crust is toxic in acid soils (pH < 5.5) mainly in the ionic form of Al3+ species. The ability of crops to overcome Al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. Here, we report for a first time the simultaneous responses of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) to Al3+ phytotoxicity. The responses of PSII and PSI in the durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. cv. 'Appulo E') and the triticale (X Triticosecale Witmark cv. 'Dada') were evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence quenching analysis and reflection spectroscopy respectively, under control (-Al, pH 6.5) and 148 μM Al (+Al, pH 4.5) conditions. During control growth conditions the high activity of PSII in 'Appulo E' led to a rather higher electron flow to PSI, which induced a higher PSI excitation pressure in 'Appulo E' than in 'Dada' that presented a lower PSII activity. However, under 148 μM Al the triticale 'Dada' presented a lower PSII and PSI excitation pressure than 'Appulo E'. In conclusion, both photosystems of 'Dada' displayed a superior performance than 'Appulo E' under Al exposure, while in both cultivars PSII was more affected than PSI from Al3+ phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Georgia Ouzounidou
- Institute of Food Technology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 1 S. Venizelou Str., GR-14123 Lycovrissi, Greece.
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation⁻Demeter, Thermi, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
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132
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Batista Ponce M, Del Sol Illana I, Fernandez-Vidal SR, Salguero Gomez J. Experimental Parametric Model for Adhesion Wear Measurements in the Dry Turning of an AA2024 Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1598. [PMID: 30177650 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion wear is the main wear mechanism in the dry turning of aluminium alloys. This type of wear produces an adhesion of the machining material on the cutting tool, decreasing the final surface quality of the machining parts and making it more difficult to maintain industrial tolerances. This work studies the influence of the cutting parameters on the volume of material adhered to the cutting tool surface for dry machining of AA2024 (Al-Cu). For that purpose, a specific methodology based on the automatic image processing method that can obtain the area and the thickness of the adhered material has been designed. This methodology has been verified with the results obtained through 3D analysis techniques and compared with the adhered volume. The results provided experimental parametric models for this wear mechanism. These models are analytic approximations of experimental data. The feed rate mainly results in low cutting speed, while low depths of cut presents a different behaviour due to the low contact pressure. The unstable behaviour of aluminium adhesion on the cutting tool produces a high variability of results. This continuous change introduces variation in the process caused by the continuous change of the cutting tool geometry.
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Johnson J, Graf Pannatier E, Carnicelli S, Cecchini G, Clarke N, Cools N, Hansen K, Meesenburg H, Nieminen TM, Pihl-Karlsson G, Titeux H, Vanguelova E, Verstraeten A, Vesterdal L, Waldner P, Jonard M. The response of soil solution chemistry in European forests to decreasing acid deposition. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:3603-3619. [PMID: 29604157 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acid deposition arising from sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) emissions from fossil fuel combustion and agriculture has contributed to the acidification of terrestrial ecosystems in many regions globally. However, in Europe and North America, S deposition has greatly decreased in recent decades due to emissions controls. In this study, we assessed the response of soil solution chemistry in mineral horizons of European forests to these changes. Trends in pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), major ions, total aluminium (Altot ) and dissolved organic carbon were determined for the period 1995-2012. Plots with at least 10 years of observations from the ICP Forests monitoring network were used. Trends were assessed for the upper mineral soil (10-20 cm, 104 plots) and subsoil (40-80 cm, 162 plots). There was a large decrease in the concentration of sulphate (SO42-) in soil solution; over a 10-year period (2000-2010), SO42- decreased by 52% at 10-20 cm and 40% at 40-80 cm. Nitrate was unchanged at 10-20 cm but decreased at 40-80 cm. The decrease in acid anions was accompanied by a large and significant decrease in the concentration of the nutrient base cations: calcium, magnesium and potassium (Bc = Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+ ) and Altot over the entire dataset. The response of soil solution acidity was nonuniform. At 10-20 cm, ANC increased in acid-sensitive soils (base saturation ≤10%) indicating a recovery, but ANC decreased in soils with base saturation >10%. At 40-80 cm, ANC remained unchanged in acid-sensitive soils (base saturation ≤20%, pHCaCl2 ≤ 4.5) and decreased in better-buffered soils (base saturation >20%, pHCaCl2 > 4.5). In addition, the molar ratio of Bc to Altot either did not change or decreased. The results suggest a long-time lag between emission abatement and changes in soil solution acidity and underline the importance of long-term monitoring in evaluating ecosystem response to decreases in deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Johnson
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Guia Cecchini
- Earth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Nathalie Cools
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Hansen
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Hugues Titeux
- UCL-ELI, Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Elena Vanguelova
- Centre for Ecosystem, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Farnham, Surrey, UK
| | - Arne Verstraeten
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter Waldner
- WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Jonard
- UCL-ELI, Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipič M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Kuhnle GG, Lambré C, Leblanc JC, Lillegaard IT, Moldeus P, Mortensen A, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Wright M, Di Domenico A, van Loveren H, Giarola A, Horvath Z, Lodi F, Tard A, Woutersen RA. Re-evaluation of aluminium sulphates (E 520-523) and sodium aluminium phosphate (E 541) as food additives. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05372. [PMID: 32625999 PMCID: PMC7009639 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) as food additives. The Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. Aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) are permitted as food additives in only a few specific products and the exposure is probably near zero. Aluminium compounds have low bioavailability and low acute toxicity. There is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for aluminium compounds in subchronic studies was 52 mg Al/kg body weight (bw) per day in rats and 90 mg Al/kg bw per day in dogs and the lowest NOAEL for neurotoxicity in rats was 30 mg Al/kg bw per day and for developing nervous system was 10–42 mg Al/kg bw per day in studies in mice and rats. The Panel concluded that aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) are of no safety concern in the current authorised uses and use levels.
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135
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Abstract
The first stable anionic aluminium nucleophile was isolated by Goicoechea, Aldridge and co-workers. The aluminyl compound showed very high reactivity in metathesis reactions as well as in the oxidative addition of substrates such as dihydrogen and benzene, which opens up new perspectives in main group chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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136
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Abstract
Persistent itching nodules related to aluminium-adsorbed vaccines are well known in children with frequent positive patch tests to aluminium when tested. We report two cases of children with persistent postvaccination nodules who presented with atypical eruptions after aluminium patch tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Raison-Peyron
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Didier Bessis
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Milpied
- Department of Dermatology, Saint André Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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137
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Nguyen NK, Dörfler U, Welzl G, Munch JC, Schroll R, Suhadolc M. Large variation in glyphosate mineralization in 21 different agricultural soils explained by soil properties. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:544-552. [PMID: 29426177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) have frequently been detected in surface water and groundwaters. Since adequate glyphosate mineralization in soil may reduce its losses to environment, improved understanding of site specific factors underlying pesticide mineralization in soils is needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between soil properties and glyphosate mineralization. To establish a sound basis for resilient correlations, the study was conducted with a large number of 21 agricultural soils, differing in a variety of soil parameters, such as soil texture, soil organic matter content, pH, exchangeable ions etc. The mineralization experiments were carried out with 14C labelled glyphosate at a soil water tension of -15 kPa and at a soil density of 1.3 g cm-3 at 20 ± 1 °C for an incubation period of 32 days. The results showed that the mineralization of glyphosate in different agricultural soils varied to a great extent, from 7 to 70% of the amount initially applied. Glyphosate mineralization started immediately after application, the highest mineralization rates were observed within the first 4 days in most of the 21 soils. Multiple regression analysis revealed exchangeable acidity (H+ and Al3+), exchangeable Ca2+ ions and ammonium lactate extractable K to be the key soil parameters governing glyphosate mineralization in the examined soils. A highly significant negative correlation between mineralized glyphosate and NaOH-extractable residues (NaOH-ER) in soils strongly suggests that NaOH-ER could be used as a simple and reliable parameter for evaluating the glyphosate mineralization capacity. The NaOH-ER were composed of glyphosate, unknown 14C-residues, and AMPA (12%-65%, 3%-34%, 0%-11% of applied 14C, respectively). Our results highlighted the influential role of soil exchangeable acidity, which should therefore be considered in pesticide risk assessments and management to limit efficiently the environmental transfers of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia Khoi Nguyen
- Cantho University, Department of Soil Science, Cantho City, Viet Nam; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Dörfler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Welzl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean Charles Munch
- Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Reiner Schroll
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marjetka Suhadolc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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138
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Zeiner M, Juranović Cindrić I. Harmful Elements (Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) in Wild Berries and Fruits Collected in Croatia. Toxics 2018; 6:E31. [PMID: 29890701 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are considered a beneficial contribution to the human diet. Especially, berries contain a great deal of bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins, organic acids, tannins, phenols, and antioxidants. Apart from organic substances, inorganic nutrients are also present in fruits. Some metals and metalloids are essential for humans, whilst others may exhibit harmful effects. Wild grown berries, collected in so-called unpolluted areas, are considered to be free of any potentially toxic ingredients. However, due to transmission processes pollutants can also reach remote areas and, furthermore, metal uptake from the soil via roots has to be taken into account. Thus, the presented study focused on the determination of Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb in lingonberries, blueberries, and rose hips collected in a non-polluted area in Croatia. Neither Cd nor Cr could be found in any sample. Ni levels were mainly up to 25 mg/kg, in a comparable range to the literature data. No health threat is to be expected by eating these fruits and berries regarding Cd, Cr, and Ni. Rose hips, however, contain Pb beyond the stipulated limit in fruits, and also Al is present at a high level (8 mg/g).
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Schwendtner K, Kolitsch U. M +M 3+2As(HAsO 4) 6 and α- and β-M +M 3+(HAsO 4) 2 (M +M 3+ = RbAl or CsFe): six new compounds crystallizing in three closely related structure types. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:721-727. [PMID: 29870008 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618007064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of hydrothermally synthesized (T = 493 K, 7-9 d) rubidium aluminium bis[hydrogen arsenate(V)], RbAl(HAsO4)2, caesium iron bis[hydrogen arsenate(V)], CsFe(HAsO4)2, rubidium dialuminium arsenic(V) hexakis[hydrogen arsenate(V)], RbAl2As(HAsO4)6, and caesium diiron arsenic(V) hexakis[hydrogen arsenate(V)], CsFe2As(HAsO4)6, were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The four compounds with the general formula M+M3+(HAsO4)2 adopt the RbFe(HPO4)2 structure type (R-3c) and a closely related new structure type, which is characterized by a different stacking order of the building units, leading to noncentrosymmetric space-group symmetry R32. The second new structure type, with the general formula M+M3+2As(HAsO4)6 (R-3c), is also a modification of the RbFe(HPO4)2 structure type, in which one third of the M3+O6 octahedra are replaced by AsO6 octahedra, and two thirds of the voids in the structure, which are usually filled by M+ cations, remain empty to achieve charge balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Schwendtner
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Analytics, Division of Structural Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Wien 1060, Austria
| | - Uwe Kolitsch
- Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, Wien 1010, Austria
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140
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Elsen H, Färber C, Ballmann G, Harder S. LiAlH 4 : From Stoichiometric Reduction to Imine Hydrogenation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7156-7160. [PMID: 29683545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Imine-to-amine conversion with catalytic instead of stoichiometric quantities of LiAlH4 is demonstrated (85 °C, catalyst loading≥2.5 mol %, pressure≥1 bar). The effects of temperature, pressure, solvent, and catalyst modifications, as well as the substrate scope are discussed. Experimental investigations and preliminary DFT calculations suggest that the catalytically active species is generated in situ: LiAlH4 +Ph(H)C=NtBu→LiAlH2 [N(tBu)CH2 Ph]2 . A cooperative mechanism in which Li and Al both play a prominent role is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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141
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Minyaev ME, Nifant'ev IE, Shlyakhtin AV, Ivchenko PV, Lyssenko KA. Phenoxide and alkoxide complexes of Mg, Al and Zn, and their use for the ring-opening polymerization of ℇ-caprolactone with initiators of different natures. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:548-557. [PMID: 29726463 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618005090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new packing polymorph of bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolato-κO)bis(tetrahydrofuran-κO)magnesium, [Mg(C15H23O)2(C4H8O)2] or Mg(BHT)2(THF)2, (BHT is the 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide anion and THF is tetrahydrofuran), (1), has the same space group (P21) as the previously reported modification [Nifant'ev et al. (2017d). Dalton Trans. 46, 12132-12146], but contains three crystallographically independent molecules instead of one. The structure of (1) exhibits rotational disorder of the tert-butyl groups and positional disorder of a THF ligand. The complex of bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolato-κO)bis(μ2-ethyl glycolato-κ2O,O':κO)dimethyldialuminium, [Al2(CH3)2(C4H7O3)2(C15H23O)2] or [(BHT)AlMe(OCH2COOEt)]2, (2), is a dimer located on an inversion centre and has an Al2O2 rhomboid core. The 2-ethoxy-2-oxoethanolate ligand (OCH2COOEt) displays a μ2-κ2O,O':κO semi-bridging coordination mode, forming a five-membered heteronuclear Al-O-C-C-O ring. The same ligand exhibits positional disorder of the terminal methyl group. The redetermined structure of the heptanuclear complex octakis(μ3-benzyloxo-κO:κO:κO)hexaethylheptazinc, [Zn7(C2H5)6(C7H7O)8] or [Zn7(OCH2Ph)8Et6], (3), possesses a bicubic Zn7O8 core located at an inversion centre and demonstrates positional disorder of one crystallographically independent phenyl group. Cambridge Structural Database surveys are given for complexes structurally analogous to (2) and (3). Complexes (2) and (3), as well as derivatives of (1), are of interest as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of ℇ-caprolactone, and polymerization results are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Minyaev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E Nifant'ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Shlyakhtin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Ivchenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Patel S, Omid N, Zohoori FV, Maguire A, Waldron KJ, Valentine RA. Comparison of total ionic strength adjustment buffers III and IV in the measurement of fluoride concentration of teas. Nutr Health 2018; 24:111-119. [PMID: 29618287 PMCID: PMC6125819 DOI: 10.1177/0260106018758781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tea is the second most consumed drink in the UK and a primary source of hydration; it is an important source of dietary fluoride (F) for consumers and also abundant in aluminium (Al). Varying ranges of F concentrations in teas have been reported worldwide which may be, in part, due to differences in analytical techniques used to measure this ion. Aim: The effect of using total ionic adjustment buffers (TISAB) III or IV when measuring F concentration of black teas available in the UK was investigated and compared. Based on this evaluation, the effects of three different infusion times, 1 min, 10 min and 1 h, caffeine content and tea form on the F contents of the tea samples were investigated. Methods: The F concentrations of 47 tea samples were measured directly using a fluoride ion-selective electrode (F-ISE), TISAB III and IV and infusion times of 1 min, 10 min and 1 h. Results: Mean (SD) F concentration of tea samples for all infusion times was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001) measured by TISAB IV (4.37 (2.16) mg/l) compared with TISAB III (3.54 (1.65) mg/l). A statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between Al concentration (mg/l) and differences in F concentration (mg/l) measured using the two TISABs; the difference in F concentration measured by the two TISABs increased with the magnitude of Al concentration. Conclusion: Due to higher concentrations of F and Al in teas and their complexing potential, use of TISAB IV facilitates more accurate measurement of F concentration when using an F-ISE and a direct method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Patel
- 1 Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Narges Omid
- 1 Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Anne Maguire
- 1 Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Kevin J Waldron
- 3 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Ruth A Valentine
- 1 Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, UK.,3 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, UK
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Nie X, Wang M, Liu Y, Guo R, Yuan W, Li T. [Assessment on exposure of dietary aluminium among residents in Shaanxi Province during 2013-2015]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2018; 47:307-311. [PMID: 29903289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the contamination condition of the aluminium in commercial foods in Shaanxi Province, and evaluate aluminium dietary intake level in Shaanxi population and its potential health risks. METHODS 1331 samples in Shaanxi Province were collected from 2013 to 2015. The aluminium contents were detected by National Food Contamination and Harmful Factors in Risk Monitoring Manual, and data of total diet study in Shaanxi Province in 2007, to calculate dietary intake of aluminium in Shaanxi population. RESULTS Average dietary intake of aluminium was 0. 358 mg/( kg·d), accounted for 125% of PTWI. The dietary intake of aluminium in children aged 2 to7 years old was highest, followed children aged 8 to 12 years old and men aged 13 to 19 years old. Grain products and potato products were the main sources of aluminium exposure compared with others. CONCLUSION The dietary intake of aluminium in Shaanxi population is more than the PTWI. The children aged 2 to 7 years old, children aged 8 to12 years old and men aged 13 to 19 years old is high. Grain products and potato products are the main sources of aluminium exposure in Shaanxi population. The effective measureto control the intake of aluminium is to normalize and rationalize the use of additives containing aluminium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Nie
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Minjuan Wang
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wenting Yuan
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
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Rzymski P, Niedzielski P, Poniedziałek B, Tomczyk K, Rzymski P. Identification of toxic metals in human embryonic tissues. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:415-421. [PMID: 29593817 PMCID: PMC5868650 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.53915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cause of a significant number of miscarriages remains unexplained. There is a need to identify the potential role of environmental, dietary and lifestyle factors in the risk of pregnancy loss. The present study was the first to investigate the content of miscarried embryonic material with respect to eight metals (aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc). MATERIAL AND METHODS Embryonic tissue samples (n = 20) were obtained from women undergoing misoprostol-induced removal of the embryo between the 6th and 9th week of gestation. The content of metals was analyzed using microwave-induced nitrogen plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Based on a short questionnaire, the smoking habits, dietary patterns and place of living of the investigated women were determined. RESULTS The general mean content of metals (μg/g) decreased in the order copper (33.9) > manganese (24.7) > chromium (13.6) > zinc (13.3) > aluminium (6.5) > nickel (3.0) > lead (2.9) > cadmium (2.5). Profoundly increased concentrations (p < 0.05) of the toxic elements aluminium (over 5-fold), cadmium (over 2-fold) and lead (over 2-fold) were observed in samples obtained from former smoking women. The miscarried material in urban populations also revealed higher levels of cadmium (over 1.5-fold) and lead (over 2-fold) compared to that obtained from women living in rural areas (p < 0.05). No associations with age or diet were found (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study identified increased levels of aluminum, cadmium and lead in miscarried embryonic material and suggests some causative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tomczyk
- Department of Mother’s and Child’s Health, Gynecologic and Obstetrical University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Rzymski
- Department of Mother’s and Child’s Health, Gynecologic and Obstetrical University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Minyaev ME, Nifant’ev IE, Churakov AV, Shlyahtin AV. [4- tert-Butyl-2,6-bis-(di-phenyl-meth-yl)phenolato-κ O]dieth-yl(tetra-hydro-furan-κ O) aluminium. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:221-224. [PMID: 29850058 PMCID: PMC5956341 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, {Al[O-2,6-(Ph2CH)2-4- t BuC6H2]Et2(THF)} or [Al(C2H5)2(C36H33O)(C4H8O)], was formed in the reaction between 4-tert-butyl-2,6-bis-(di-phenyl-meth-yl)phenol and tri-ethyl-aluminum in the presence of THF (THF is tetra-hydro-furan) and recrystallized from hexane. The structure has monoclinic (P21/n) symmetry with a single Al atom in the asymmetric unit. The terminal C atom of one ethyl substituent is nearly equally disordered over two positions. The complex possesses catalytic activity in the ring-opening polymerization of ∊-caprolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E. Minyaev
- A.V.Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V.Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V. Shlyahtin
- A.V.Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Brieger L, Hermann A, Unkelbach C, Strohmann C. Crystal structure and quantum-chemical calculations of a tri-methyl- aluminium-THF adduct. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:267-270. [PMID: 29850068 PMCID: PMC5956351 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, trimeth-yl(tetra-hydro-furan-κO)aluminium(III), [Al(CH3)3(C4H8O)], is an addition product of tri-methyl-aluminium and tetra-hydro-furan (THF). Instead of a dimeric structure, which is very common for these types of compounds, a monomeric mol-ecular structure is observed. The C-Al-C angles in the mol-ecule are very different from the C-Al-C angles found in dimeric mol-ecular structures, leading to a different symmetry around the AlIII atom. The reasons for these differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Brieger
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Unkelbach
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Lamb KJ, Dowsett MR, Chatzipanagis K, Scullion ZW, Kröger R, Lee JD, Aguiar PM, North M, Parkin A. Capacitance-Assisted Sustainable Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Mineralisation. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:137-148. [PMID: 29171724 PMCID: PMC5814831 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical cell comprising a novel dual-component graphite and Earth-crust abundant metal anode, a hydrogen producing cathode and an aqueous sodium chloride electrolyte was constructed and used for carbon dioxide mineralisation. Under an atmosphere of 5 % carbon dioxide in nitrogen, the cell exhibited both capacitive and oxidative electrochemistry at the anode. The graphite acted as a supercapacitive reagent concentrator, pumping carbon dioxide into aqueous solution as hydrogen carbonate. Simultaneous oxidation of the anodic metal generated cations, which reacted with the hydrogen carbonate to give mineralised carbon dioxide. Whilst conventional electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction requires hydrogen, this cell generates hydrogen at the cathode. Carbon capture can be achieved in a highly sustainable manner using scrap metal within the anode, seawater as the electrolyte, an industrially relevant gas stream and a solar panel as an effective zero-carbon energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Lamb
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | | | | | - Roland Kröger
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - James D. Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | - Michael North
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Alison Parkin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
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Li W, Gong J, Wang C, Lin ZJ, Flarakos J. ICP-MS determination of serum aluminum in monkeys subcutaneously administered an alhydrogel-formulated drug candidate. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1873-81. [PMID: 29171771 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop and validate an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry method for quantitative bioanalysis of aluminum (Al) in monkey serum in support of a GLP TOX study with alhydrogel-formulated drug candidate. METHODS & RESULTS The method was linear over a dynamic range of 10-1000 ng/ml using a 50-μl sample volume. The intra-/inter-run precision (%CV) of the quality control sample results were ≤7.9% (CV) and the accuracy (%bias) within ±11.0% across all quality control concentrations evaluated. Other validation parameters, including stability under various conditions, extraction recovery and matrix effect, all met the acceptance criteria. CONCLUSION The validated method was successfully implemented for the quantitative analysis of Al in monkey serum to assess the systemic exposure to Al.
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Contreras R, Figueiras AM, Gallego FJ, Benavente E, Manzaneda AJ, Benito C. Neutral molecular markers support common origin of aluminium tolerance in three congeneric grass species growing in acidic soils. AoB Plants 2017; 9:plx060. [PMID: 29302302 PMCID: PMC5739048 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity is the main abiotic stress limiting plant productivity in acidic soils that are widely distributed among arable lands. Plant species differ in the level of Al resistance showing intraspecific and interspecific variation in many crop species. However, the origin of Al-tolerance is not well known. Three annual species, difficult to distinguish phenotypically and that were until recently misinterpreted as a single complex species under Brachypodium distachyon, have been recently separated into three distinct species: the diploids B. distachyon (2n = 10) and B. stacei (2n = 20), and B. hybridum (2n = 30), the allotetraploid derived from the two diploid species. The aims of this work were to know the origin of Al-tolerance in acidic soil conditions within these three Brachypodium species and to develop new DNA markers for species discrimination. Two multiplex SSR-PCRs allowed to genotype a group of 94 accessions for 17 pentanucleotide microsatellite (SSRs) loci. The variability for 139 inter-microsatellite (ISSRs) markers was also examined. The genetic relationships obtained using those neutral molecular markers (SSRs and ISSRs) support that all Al-tolerant allotetraploid accessions of B. hybridum have a common origin that is related with both geographic location and acidic soils. The possibility that the adaptation to acidic soils caused the isolation of the tolerant B. hybridum populations from the others is discussed. We finally describe a new, easy, DNA barcoding method based in the upstream-intron 1 region of the ALMT1 gene, a tool that is 100 % effective to distinguish among these three Brachypodium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Contreras
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Figueiras
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Gallego
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Benavente
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J Manzaneda
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s⁄n, Jaén, Spain
| | - César Benito
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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150
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Cercamondi CI, Fischer MM, Worku TGH, Wyss N, Herter-Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB, Egli IM, Hurrell RF. The Potential of Fermentation and Contamination of Teff by Soil to Influence Iron Intake and Bioavailability from Injera Flatbread. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2017; 87:75-84. [PMID: 29052470 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high phytic acid (PA) concentration in the diet based on teff injera is a likely contributing cause of iron deficiency in Ethiopia. We monitored PA during teff injera fermentation in 30 households in Debre Zeyit, Ethiopia and evaluated its influence on iron bioavailability, considering contaminant soil iron in teff flour. After fermentation (48h), mean PA concentration in injera batter decreased from 0.87 to 0.58 g/100 g dm (P < 0.001). Low phytase activity in teff flour (0.44 μmol phosphate/min/g) and a rapid drop in pH, indicated that PA degradation was driven by microbial phytases. The iron concentration in injera batter among the households ranged widely from 14.5-160.4 mg/100 g dm (mean: 34.7 mg/100 g dm) principally due to contamination with soil. Estimated intrinsic iron concentration of teff based on the strong correlation between total iron and aluminium concentrations (P < 0.001; aluminium concentrations in injera batter: 28.7-184.9 mg/100 g dm) was 4.4 mg/100 g dm, indicating that 86-97 % is extrinsic iron from soil. The median daily iron intakes from 3-day weighed food records in 10 young children were 18.9 mg/day including soil iron vs. 4.9 mg/day without soil iron (P < 0.01). The PA:iron molar ratios indicated low iron bioavailability from teff injera, particularly when soil iron was excluded. Traditional fermentation thus has a modest influence on PA levels and more complete degradation is needed to improve iron bioavailability. There is an urgent need to better understand the bioavailability of contamination iron from soil before considering national fortification or biofortification strategies in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin I Cercamondi
- 1 Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maren M Fischer
- 1 Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadine Wyss
- 1 Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
- 1 Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- 1 Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines M Egli
- 1 Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard F Hurrell
- 1 Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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