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Azarkan M, Maquoi E, Delbrassine F, Herman R, M'Rabet N, Calvo Esposito R, Charlier P, Kerff F. Structures of the free and inhibitors-bound forms of bromelain and ananain from Ananas comosus stem and in vitro study of their cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19570. [PMID: 33177555 PMCID: PMC7658999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ananas comosus stem extract is a complex mixture containing various cysteine proteases of the C1A subfamily, such as bromelain and ananain. This mixture used for centuries in Chinese medicine, has several potential therapeutic applications as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and ecchymosis degradation agent. In the present work we determined the structures of bromelain and ananain, both in their free forms and in complex with the inhibitors E64 and TLCK. These structures combined with protease-substrate complexes modeling clearly identified the Glu68 as responsible for the high discrimination of bromelain in favor of substrates with positively charged residues at P2, and unveil the reasons for its weak inhibition by cystatins and E64. Our results with purified and fully active bromelain, ananain and papain show a strong reduction of cell proliferation with MDA-MB231 and A2058 cancer cell lines at a concentration of about 1 μM, control experiments clearly emphasizing the need for proteolytic activity. In contrast, while bromelain and ananain had a strong effect on the proliferation of the OCI-LY19 and HL-60 non-adherent cell lines, papain, the archetypal member of the C1A subfamily, had none. This indicates that, in this case, sequence/structure identity beyond the active site of bromelain and ananain is more important than substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Azarkan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (Unité de Chimie Des Protéines), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Erik Maquoi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Tumeurs Et du Développement, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Delbrassine
- UR InBioS, Centre D'Ingénierie Des Protéines, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Raphael Herman
- UR InBioS, Centre D'Ingénierie Des Protéines, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nasiha M'Rabet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (Unité de Chimie Des Protéines), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rafaèle Calvo Esposito
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (Unité de Chimie Des Protéines), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Paulette Charlier
- UR InBioS, Centre D'Ingénierie Des Protéines, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kerff
- UR InBioS, Centre D'Ingénierie Des Protéines, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Saleh SAA, Abdel Wahab WA, El-Dein AN, Abdelwahab WA, Ahmed AAM, Helmy WA, Mostafa FA. Characterization of Aspergillus niger MK981235 xylanase with extraction of anti-hepatotoxic, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic and prebiotic Corchorus olitorius stems xylooligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:677-686. [PMID: 33152359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The object of this study was to utilize agro-industrial waste Corchorus olitorius stems (molokhia stems, MS) as substrate, for Aspergillus niger MK981235 xylanase production and as source of biologically active xylooligosaccharides (XOS). This study succeeded in utilization of Aspergillus niger MK981235 xylanase under different saccharification conditions designed by central composite design (CCD) for extraction of 15 biologically active XOS (anti-hepatotoxic, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic and prebiotic) with different monosaccharides constituents composition and percent. A. niger MK981235 xylanase showed the highest activity 6.60 U·ml-1 at 50 °C with 1.5% xylan. The kinetics included Km and Vmax were determined to be 6.67 mg·ml-1 and 20 μmol·ml-1·min-1, respectively. Moreover, A. niger MK981235 xylanase thermodynamics Ea (activation energy) and Ed (activation energy of denaturation) were determined to be 21.95 and 39.51 KJ·mol-1, respectively. The highest prebiotic effect (growth promation) was exerted by the central MS XOS on Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (125 and 135.3%, respectively). Also, the central MS XOS, exerted the highest cholesterol reduction and antioxidant activities 74.7 and 92%, respectively, showed remarkable in vivo protective role against the hepatic toxicity of lithium carbonate evaluated by changes in body weight, liver function markers (AST, ALT, Alb, total bilirubin) and tissue makers (MDA and GSH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen A A Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Negm El-Dein
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wesam Abdelsalam Abdelwahab
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Abdel Majid Ahmed
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Helmy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faten A Mostafa
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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103
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Xu W, Zhang L, Cunningham AB, Li S, Zhuang H, Wang Y, Liu A. Blue genome: chromosome-scale genome reveals the evolutionary and molecular basis of indigo biosynthesis in Strobilanthes cusia. Plant J 2020; 104:864-879. [PMID: 32981147 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant dyes have been developed and used across many traditional societies worldwide. The blue pigment indigo has seen widespread usage across South America, Egypt, Europe, India and China for thousands of years, mainly extracted from indigo-rich plants. The utilization and genetic engineering of indigo in industries and ethnobotanical studies on the effects of cultural selection on plant domestication are limited due to lack of relevant genetic and genomic information of dye plants. Strobilanthes cusia (Acanthaceae) is a typical indigo-rich plant important to diverse ethnic cultures in many regions of Asia. Here we present a chromosome-scale genome for S. cusia with a genome size of approximately 865 Mb. About 79% of the sequences were identified as repetitive sequences and 32 148 protein-coding genes were annotated. Metabolic analysis showed that the main indigoid pigments (indican, indigo and indirubin) were mainly synthesized in the leaves and stems of S. cusia. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression level of genes encoding metabolic enzymes such as monooxygenase, uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase and β-glucosidase were significantly changed in leaves and stems compared with root tissues, implying their participation in indigo biosynthesis. We found that several gene families involved in indigo biosynthesis had undergone an expansion in number, with functional differentiation likely facilitating indigo biosynthesis in S. cusia. This study provides insight into the physiological and molecular bases of indigo biosynthesis, as well as providing genomic data that provide the basis for further study of S. cusia cultivation by Asia's traditional textile producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anthony B Cunningham
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Huifu Zhuang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
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104
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Hrichi S, Chaabane-Banaoues R, Bayar S, Flamini G, Oulad El Majdoub Y, Mangraviti D, Mondello L, El Mzoughi R, Babba H, Mighri Z, Cacciola F. Botanical and Genetic Identification Followed by Investigation of Chemical Composition and Biological Activities on the Scabiosa atropurpurea L. Stem from Tunisian Flora. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215032. [PMID: 33138334 PMCID: PMC7684468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scarce information about the phenolic composition of Scabiosa atropurpurea L. is available, and no carotenoid compounds have been reported thus far. In this study the phenolic and carotenoid composition of this plant was both investigated and associated bioactivities were evaluated. Aiming to obtain extracts and volatile fractions of known medicinal plants to valorize them in the pharmaceutical or food industries, two techniques of extraction and five solvents were used to determine the biologically active compounds. Gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization and mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry highlighted the presence of 15 volatiles, 19 phenolics, and 24 natural pigments in Scabiosa atropurpurea L. stem samples; among them, the most abundant were 1,8-cineole, chlorogenic acid, cynaroside, and lutein. Bioactivity was assessed by a set of in vitro tests checking for antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and allelopathic (against Brassica oleracea L. and Lens culinaris Medik) effects. Scabiosa atropurpurea L. stem extracts presented a considerable antioxidant, antibacterial, and allelopathic potential, with less antifungal effectiveness. These results indicate that the volatile fractions and extracts from S. atropurpurea L. stem could be considered as a good source of bioactive agents, with possible applications in food-related, agriculture, and pharmaceutical fields. Genetic investigations showed 97% of similarity with Scabiosa tschiliensis, also called Japanese Scabiosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Hrichi
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (S.H.); (Z.M.)
| | - Raja Chaabane-Banaoues
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology B, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (R.C.-B.); (H.B.)
| | - Sihem Bayar
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (S.B.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute” (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Domenica Mangraviti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (D.M.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ridha El Mzoughi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (S.B.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology B, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (R.C.-B.); (H.B.)
| | - Zine Mighri
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (S.H.); (Z.M.)
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-6570
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105
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Kuo X, Herr DR, Ong WY. Anti-inflammatory and Cytoprotective Effect of Clinacanthus nutans Leaf But Not Stem Extracts on 7-Ketocholesterol Induced Brain Endothelial Cell Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:176-183. [PMID: 33085066 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans (Lindau) (C. nutans) has diverse uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes, insect and snake bites, lesions caused by herpes simplex virus, diabetes mellitus and gout in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and China. We previously showed that C. nutans has the ability to modulate the induction of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) expression in SH-SY5Y cells through the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). In the current study, we elucidated the effect of C. nutans on the hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cell line. Endothelial cells are exposed to high levels of the cholesterol oxidation product, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), in patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and this process is thought to mediate pathological inflammation. 7KC induced a dose-dependent loss of hCMEC/D3 cell viability, and such damage was significantly inhibited by C. nutans leaf extracts but not stem extracts. 7KC also induced a marked increase in mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain endothelial cells, and these increases were significantly inhibited by C. nutans leaf but not stem extracts. HPLC analyses showed that leaf extracts have a markedly different chemical profile compared to stem extracts, which might explain their different effects in counteracting 7KC-induced inflammation. Further study is necessary to identify the putative phytochemicals in C. nutans leaves that have anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Kuo
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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106
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Cunha M, Lourenço A, Barreiros S, Paiva A, Simões P. Valorization of Cork Using Subcritical Water. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204695. [PMID: 33066478 PMCID: PMC7587334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulated cork was submitted to subcritical water extraction/hydrolysis in a semi-continuous reactor at temperatures in the range of 120–200 °C and with a constant pressure of 100 bar. The influence of temperature on the composition of the cork extracts obtained was assessed—namely, their content of carbohydrates and phenolics. The extraction yield increased with the temperature, and this was associated with the decrease in the dielectric constant of water and the increase in its ionic product. Extracts composed of up to 36% phenolics were obtained at temperatures of up to 120 °C, with an antioxidant activity only two times lower than that of pure gallic acid, but in low amounts. Assays at higher temperatures generated extracts richer in carbohydrates and with a phenolics content of ca. 20 wt.% in comparatively far higher amounts. Neither the amount of suberin nor its structure were affected by the subcritical water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Cunha
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (P.S.); Fax: +351-212-948-385 (P.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Simões
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (P.S.); Fax: +351-212-948-385 (P.S.)
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Oliveira GFPBD, Langaro AC, Simões Araujo AL, Pimpinato RF, Tornisielo VL, Pinho CFD. Sorption and desorption of pendimethalin alone and mixed with adjuvant in soil and sugarcane straw. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:1114-1120. [PMID: 33296266 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1830667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane straw may work as a physical barrier for pre-emergent herbicides and interact with their molecules, increasing sorption process. Adjuvants may change herbicides dynamics in the environment and improve their efficiency for weed control. The objective of this work was to evaluate sorption and desorption of pendimethalin alone and in mixture with adjuvant in soil and sugarcane straw. Sorption experiments were performed using pendimethalin alone and in mixture with vegetable oil with herbicide solution concentrations ranging between 2.5 and 40 μg mL-1 for both conditions. Sorption distribution coefficient (Kd) for soil was 18.48 mL g-1 using pendimethalin alone. Kd value was not determined when pendimethalin was in mixture with adjuvant due to the complete retention of the herbicide in the soil regardless of the initial aqueous phase concentration. Sugarcane straw sorption experiment had Kd values corresponding to 355.52 and 27.24 mL g-1 for pendimethalin alone and in mixture with adjuvant, respectively, indicating the addition of vegetable oil may significantly decrease pendimethalin retention in the straw and could improve weed control. Besides all desorption coefficients were higher than the respective sorption coefficients, which means that the sorption process may be considered irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Claudia Langaro
- Department of Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Floriano Pimpinato
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Suh DH, Kim YX, Jung ES, Lee S, Park J, Lee CH, Sung J. Characterization of Metabolic Changes under Low Mineral Supply (N, K, or Mg) and Supplemental LED Lighting (Red, Blue, or Red-Blue Combination) in Perilla frutescens Using a Metabolomics Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:E4714. [PMID: 33066640 PMCID: PMC7587346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve premium quality with crop production, techniques involving the adjustment of nutrient supply and/or supplemental lighting with specific light quality have been applied. To examine the effects of low mineral supply and supplemental lighting, we performed non-targeted metabolite profiling of leaves and stems of the medicinal herb Perilla frutescens, grown under a lower (0.75×) and lowest (0.1×) supply of different minerals (N, K, or Mg) and under supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) lighting (red, blue, or red-blue combination). The lowest N supply increased flavonoids, and the lowest K or Mg slightly increased rosmarinic acid and some flavonoids in the leaves and stems. Supplemental LED lighting conditions (red, blue, or red-blue combination) significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll, most cinnamic acid derivatives, and rosmarinic acid in the leaves. LED lighting with either blue or the red-blue combination increased antioxidant activity compared with the control group without LED supplementation. The present study demonstrates that the cultivation of P. frutescens under low mineral supply and supplemental LED lighting conditions affected metabolic compositions, and we carefully suggest that an adjustment of minerals and light sources could be applied to enhance the levels of targeted metabolites in perilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Suh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.H.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Yangmin X. Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Seulbi Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Jinyong Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.H.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.H.S.); (J.P.)
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Fouda YB, Ngo Lemba Tom E, Atsamo AD, Bonabe C, Dimo T. Effects of stem bark aqueous extract of Fagara tessmannii Engl (Rutaceae) on cardiovascular risks related to monosodium glutamate-induced obesity in rat: In vivo and in vitro assessments. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 260:112972. [PMID: 32446928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagara tessmannii is a shrub of the African rainforests in South-West, Centre, South and East provinces in Cameroon. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of tumors, swellings, inflammation, gonorrhoea, schistosomiasis, antifungal, heart diseases and as anti-hypertensive. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the potential effects of F. tessmannii on cardiovascular risk related to monosodium glutamate-induced obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monosodium glutamate (MSG, 4 mg/g/day) was injected subcutaneously to newborn Wistar rats for the four consecutive first days of their life and on the 6th, 8th and 10th day after birth. After 21 weeks, obese rats were treated orally with F. tessmannii (100 or 200 mg/kg/day), orlistat (10 mg/kg/day) or telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Body weight, obesity, body mass index (BMI), Lee index, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, blood pressure, lipid profile as a Coronary Risk Index (CRI), and reactivity of isolated thoracic aorta were evaluated. RESULTS In addition to significantly decrease body weight (17.60% and 20.34%), BMI, Lee's index, retroperitoneal fat, total adiposity, and coronary risk indicators, F. tessmannii has significantly decreased insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and high blood pressure observed in MSG-obese rats. The high contractility to phenylephrine as well as the hypersensitivity to sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide-donor), observed in MSG aortic rings were significantly reduced by the F. tessmannii extract. Enhanced serum Na+ and Cl- levels and decreased K+ observed in obese rats were also significantly reversed after F. tessmannii treatment. CONCLUSIONS F. tessmannii fights against obesity and associated cardiovascular risks by modulating production and vascular responsiveness to vasoactive factors, monitoring premature aging. F. tessmannii promotes the loss of ectopic fat and other fatty tissues, the sensitivity of the peripherical tissues to insulin, the energy expenditure and the renovascular decompression and regulates ions movement which prevents hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Bekono Fouda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Esther Ngo Lemba Tom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Albert Donatien Atsamo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Christian Bonabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
| | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Gauthier JR, Mabury SA. The Environmental Degradation and Distribution of Saflufenacil, a Fluorinated Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicide, on a Canadian Winter Wheat Field. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:1918-1928. [PMID: 32678964 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Saflufenacil when applied to a field is susceptible to transport, degradation, and transformation. We used a laboratory-based approach to model the fate of saflufenacil in the environment, the results of which are compared directly with those observed in a field study where saflufenacil was applied to a crop of winter wheat at a standard rate of 63 g of active ingredient/hectare. The water solubility of 2.1 g/L for saflufenacil allows for vertical transport through soil at a rate of 4.3 cm/mL of rainwater, and a soil adsorption coefficient KOC of 28.8 suggests that some of the herbicide will absorb to the soil. Of the saflufenacil in the soil, 78 ± 2.1% (n = 18) partitioned into plants, including nontargeted crop species, where it was found primarily in leaves (78 ± 2.1%, n = 18) and roots (22 ± 1.7%, n = 18). The saflufenacil that does not partition into plants or undergo vertical transport followed a degradation pathway into 3 metabolites: a uracil-ring N-demethylated metabolite (Saf-µCH3 ), a doubly N-demethylated metabolite (Saf-2CH3 ), and a ring-cleavage metabolite (Saf-RC), identified using nontargeted mass spectrometry. In the field, saflufenacil was observed to degrade over 212 d to the persistent metabolite Saf-RC. This metabolite was found at a concentration that was 1/10th of that applied to the field, suggesting that the majority of saflufenacil had undergone transport through the soil, or uptake into the winter wheat crop. Field samples were further examined using F-19 nuclear magnetic resonance and nontargeted mass spectrometry to rule out the potential of other degradation products. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1918-1928. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Gauthier
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott A Mabury
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Xiao Y, Li X, Yao L, Xu D, Li Y, Zhang X, Li Z, Xiao Q, Ni Y, Guo Y. Chemical profiles of cuticular waxes on various organs of Sorghum bicolor and their antifungal activities. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 155:596-604. [PMID: 32846395 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum bicolor is widely cultivated in arid and semi-arid areas. This paper reports the chemical profiles of cuticular waxes on adaxial and abaxial sides of common leaf, flag leaf, sheath and stem from six sorghum cultivars and the variations of leaf cuticular waxes at seedling, jointing and filling stages. Then, the bioassay of leaf and sheath wax were evaluated against Penicillium sp and Alternaria alternata. The six sorghum cultivars had similar wax profiles. In total, eight wax compounds were identified, including fatty acids, aldehydes, primary alcohols, alkanes, secondary alcohols, ketones, sterols and minor triterpenoids. Leaf wax coverage increased from 2.2 to 3.1 μg/cm2 at seedling stages to 6.5-14.0 μg/cm2 at jointing and filling stages, respectively. The relative abundance of primary alcohols decreased from 51 to 62% at seedling stage to 17-33% at jointing stage whereas alkanes increased from 5-9% to 19-33%. Leaf was dominated with alkanes (28.4%) and aldehydes (28.4%), sheath with acids (42.8%), and stem with aldehydes (80.8%). Epicuticular wax of leaf and sheath contained higher proportions of alkanes whereas the intracuticular waxes contained higher proportions of sterols. The leaf wax improved the growth of Penicillium but reduced that of A. alternaria, whereas sheath wax reduced the growth of Penicillium but unchanged A. alternaria. The detailed sorghum wax profiles improve our understanding of the physiological roles of these waxes and their diversified potential usages in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luhua Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daixiang Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qainlin Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Ni
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Fu L, Wu J, Yang S, Jin Y, Liu J, Yang M, Rasheed A, Zhang Y, Xia X, Jing R, He Z, Xiao Y. Genome-wide association analysis of stem water-soluble carbohydrate content in bread wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:2897-2914. [PMID: 32594265 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
GWAS identified 36 potentially new loci for wheat stem water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents and 13 pleiotropic loci affecting WSC and thousand-kernel weight. Five KASP markers were developed and validated. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) reserved in stems contribute significantly to grain yield (GY) in wheat. However, knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying stem WSC content (SWSCC) is limited. In the present study, 166 diverse wheat accessions from the Yellow and Huai Valleys Winter Wheat Zone of China and five other countries were grown in four well-watered environments. SWSCC at 10 days post-anthesis (10DPA), 20DPA and 30DPA, referred as WSC10, WSC20 and WSC30, respectively, and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were assessed. Correlation analysis showed that TKW was significantly and positively correlated with WSC10 and WSC20. Genome-wide association study was performed on SWSCC and TKW with 373,106 markers from the wheat 660 K and 90 K SNP arrays. Totally, 62 stable loci were detected for SWSCC, with 36, 24 and 19 loci for WSC10, WSC20 and WSC30, respectively; among these, 36 are potentially new, 16 affected SWSCC at two or three time-points, and 13 showed pleiotropic effects on both SWSCC and TKW. Linear regression showed clear cumulative effects of favorable alleles for increasing SWSCC and TKW. Genetic gain analyses indicated that pyramiding favorable alleles of SWSCC had simultaneously improved TKW. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers for five pleiotropic loci associated with both SWSCC and TKW were developed and validated. This study provided a genome-wide landscape of the genetic architecture of SWSCC, gave a perspective for understanding the relationship between WSC and GY and explored the theoretical basis for co-improvement of WSC and GY. It also provided valuable loci and markers for future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingchun Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shurong Yang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yirong Jin
- Dezhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Mengjiao Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yonggui Xiao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
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Du M, An L, Xu J, Guo Y. Euphnerins A and B, Diterpenoids with a 5/6/6 Rearranged Spirocyclic Carbon Skeleton from the Stems of Euphorbia neriifolia. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:2592-2596. [PMID: 32822173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Euphnerins A (1) and B (2), two extremely modified diterpenoids possessing an unprecedented 5/6/6 rearranged spirocyclic carbon skeleton, and a biosynthetically related known diterpenoid (3) were purified from the stems of Euphorbia neriifolia. Their structures were identified by NMR experiments and X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data comparison. A putative biosynthetic relationship of 1 and 2 with their presumed precursor 3 is proposed. Compound 1 showed NO inhibitory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells with an IC50 value of 22.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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Esparza I, Martínez-Inda B, Cimminelli MJ, Jimeno-Mendoza MC, Moler JA, Jiménez-Moreno N, Ancín-Azpilicueta C. Reducing SO 2 Doses in Red Wines by Using Grape Stem Extracts as Antioxidants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1369. [PMID: 32992977 PMCID: PMC7599755 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SO2 is a very important wine preservative. However, there are several drawbacks associated with the use of SO2 in wine. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of SO2 in the Tempranillo wine by a Mazuelo grape stem extract and by a commercial vine wood extract (Vinetan®). The results were compared with a control sample (with no addition of any extract). After 12 months of storage in a bottle, total anthocyanin content, together with total polyphenol and flavonoid content were slightly higher for control wines than for those treated with extracts. These differences were of little relevance, as no differences in antioxidant activity were found between any of the wines at the end of the study. The sensory analysis revealed that the use of both extracts as partial substitutes of SO2 could lead to wines with good organoleptic properties, similar or even better to the control ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Esparza
- Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.E.); (B.M.-I.); (M.J.C.)
- Institute for Advanced Materials (INAMAT2), Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Blanca Martínez-Inda
- Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.E.); (B.M.-I.); (M.J.C.)
| | - María José Cimminelli
- Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.E.); (B.M.-I.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Maria Carmen Jimeno-Mendoza
- Navarra Viticulture and Oenological Research Station (EVENA), C/Valle de Orba, 34, 31390 Olite, Navarra, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Moler
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Nerea Jiménez-Moreno
- Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.E.); (B.M.-I.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Carmen Ancín-Azpilicueta
- Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.E.); (B.M.-I.); (M.J.C.)
- Institute for Advanced Materials (INAMAT2), Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Rob MM, Iwasaki A, Suenaga K, Ozaki K, Teruya T, Kato-Noguchi H. Potential use of Schumannianthus dichotomus waste: the phytotoxic activity of the waste and its identified compounds. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:1099-1105. [PMID: 32964781 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1822716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxic potential of the leaves and twigs of Schumannianthus dichotomus, discarded in the mat-making industry against four test plants (lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)) was investigated and found strong phytotoxic activity. An assay-guided fractionation of S. dichotomus extarcts against cress (Lepidium sativum L.) through a series of column chromatography steps yielded two compounds, 8-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl) octanoic acid (ODFO) and (E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoic acid (8-carboxylinalool). ODFO and 8-carboxylinalool showed strong phytotoxic activity against cress and timothy. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition (I50 value) of the seedlings of cress and timothy were 111.94-128.01 and 36.30-91.75 µM, respectively, for ODFO, but the values were much higher at 315.98-379.13 and 107.92-148.41 µM, respectively, for 8-carboxylinalool, indicating the stronger phytotoxic activity of ODFO. This study is the first to isolate ODFO and 8-carboxylinalool from S. dichotomus and their phytotoxic potential while ODFO is firstly encountered from any natural source. The growth inhibitory activity of the identified compounds may explain their role in the phytotoxic activity of S. dichotomus, which suggests the possible use of its leaves and twigs or its active constituents as natural bioherbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuzur Rob
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku, Japan
| | - Kaori Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teruya
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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116
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Qu C, Ogita S, Kishimoto T. Characterization of Immature Bamboo ( Phyllostachys nigra) Component Changes with Its Growth via Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:9896-9905. [PMID: 32809820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 6.2 m high immature bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) was divided into seven fractions. The bamboo cell walls and lignin samples from young to old were characterized by 1H-13C correlation heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy both qualitatively and semiquantitatively. Mature bamboo and bamboo shoot samples were used as comparison references. HSQC-NMR analysis proved that cellulose and arabinoxylan have already deposited in bamboo shoot, and cellulose amount increased during growth. Lignin side chain linkage formation started from β-ether (β-O-4), then phenylcoumaran (β-5), and finally resinol (β-β). Ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid (pCA) were formed at the earlier stages in the immature bamboo, and the pCA proportion decreased throughout the lignification process. We propose that the bamboo lignification process is distinct from both woody and other herbaceous plants, where syringyl units deposited at the early stage and polymerized with the β-O-4 linkage. Then guaiacyl units formed gradually, and finally, p-hydroxyphenyl units formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qu
- International Advanced Energy Science Research and Education Center, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Ogita
- Plant Cell Manipulation Laboratory, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsukacho, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Takao Kishimoto
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939-0398, Japan
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Aftab A, Yousaf Z, Aftab ZEH, Younas A, Riaz N, Rashid M, Shamsheer HB, Razzaq Z, Javaid A. Pharmacological screening and GC-MS analysis of vegetative/reproductive parts of Nigella sativa L. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:2103-2111. [PMID: 33824119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nigella sativa is an extensively utilized herbal medicinal plant. Medicinal utilization of seeds and oil of N. sativa was common among all the ancient medicinal systems. Previously, the vegetative part of the plant was not utilized for pharmaceutical purposes. Therefore, the current study was aimed at determining the potential of the vegetative parts (leaves, branches and stem) of the plant to reduce the pressure on the reproductive part (seeds/oil) and to get a potential alternate source of pharmaceutical materials. The experiment was carried out in split block RCD design. The dried plant was extracted through partitioning method in a series of concentrations ranging from 200-1.562mg/ml in different solvents. Phyto-chemical screening, antibacterial and anti-oxidant assays and GC-MS analysis of the potent extracts were done. The green parts of N. sativa were shown to contain saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids, whereas phloba-tannins were absent. Evaluation of anti-aging properties through antioxidant assays yielded significant results in all the assays. Linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and glyceryl linoleate were profiled through GC-MS analysis. Based on these results, it was concluded that the vegetative parts of N. sativa are effective alternatives to the reproductive part/seed for anti-aging and other phytochemicals needed to meet the present day requirements of the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arusa Aftab
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zill-E-Huma Aftab
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Younas
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Riaz
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Rashid
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Zainab Razzaq
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Javaid
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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118
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Soares MS, da Silva DF, Amaral JC, da Silva MM, Forim MR, Rodrigues-Filho E, das Graças Fernandes da Silva MF, Fernandes JB, Machado MA, de Souza AA, Martins CHG. Rapid differentiation of graft Citrus sinensis with and without Xylella fastidiosa infection by mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8745. [PMID: 32053855 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Xylella fastidiosa causes citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) in sweet orange trees. A diagnostic method for detecting CVC before the symptoms appear, which would inform citrus producers in advance about when the plant should be removed from the orchard, is essential for reducing pesticide application costs. METHODS Chemometrics was applied to high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) data to evaluate the similarities and differences between the chromatographic profiles. A liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry selected reaction monitoring (LC/APCI-MS-SRM) method was developed to identify the major compounds and to determine their amounts in all samples. RESULTS We evaluated the effect of this bacterium on the variation in the chemical profile in citrus plants. The organs of C. sinensis grafted on C. limonia were analyzed. Chemometrics was applied to the obtained data, and two major groups were differentiated. Flavonoids were observed in one group (leaves) and coumarins in the second (roots), both at higher concentrations in the plants with CVC symptoms than in those without the symptoms and those in the negative control. The rootstocks also interfered in the metabolism of the scion. CONCLUSIONS The developed LC/APCI-MS-SRM method for detecting CVC before the symptoms appear is simple and accurate. It is inexpensive, and many samples can be screened per hour using 1 mg of leaves. Knowledge of the influence of the rootstock on the chemical profile of the graft is limited. This study demonstrates the effect of the rootstock in synthesizing flavonoids and increasing its content in all parts of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Santos Soares
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Cristina Amaral
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Moacir Rossi Forim
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Batista Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Machado
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, CP 04,13490-970, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
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119
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Bian H, Tu P, Chen JY. Fabrication of all-cellulose nanocomposites from corn stalk. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4390-4399. [PMID: 32388869 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to help farmers and industries develop value-added composite and nanocomposite materials from agricultural residuals. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were made using a TEMPO oxidation method and celluloses were prepared by acid-base method and extracting method, which were all from corn stalk, an agricultural residual. The prepared celluloses were dissolved separately in dimethylacetamide/LiCl solvent and CNFs were added at 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.5% and 3.0% to form all-cellulose nanocomposites, and then cast into films. Morphology, structure and properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized using atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and mechanical testing. RESULTS The all-cellulose nanocomposite films with different cellulose matrices exhibited good optical transparency and layer structure. The all-cellulose nanocomposite films with cellulose prepared by the extracting method (Composite E) exhibited a higher crystallinity, better thermal stability and higher mechanical strength compared to the all-cellulose nanocomposite films with cellulose prepared by the acid-base method (Composite A). CONCLUSIONS The crystal structure of the all-cellulose nanocomposite films indicated the coexistence of cellulose I and cellulose II. However, in contrast to Composite A, the diffraction intensity of cellulose I in Composite E was higher than that of cellulose II. This was another reason that the mechanical properties of Composite E were superior to those of Composite A. In addition, the mechanical properties of the all-cellulose nanocomposite films were significantly different when the addition of CNFs reached 3.0% by weight, as indicated by a multiple-range comparison. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Bian
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peng Tu
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jonathan Y Chen
- School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Dibar DT, Zhang K, Yuan S, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Ye X. Ecological stoichiometric characteristics of Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) in leaf, root, stem, and soil in four wetland plants communities in Shengjin Lake, China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230089. [PMID: 32760138 PMCID: PMC7410364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometric should be incorporated into management and nutrient impacted ecosystems dynamic to understand the status of ecosystems and ecological interaction. The present study focused on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil, and leaves, stems, and roots of different macrophytes after the banning of seine fishing in Shengjin Lake. For C, N, and P analysis from leaves, stems, roots, and soil to explore their stoichiometric ratio and deriving environmental forces, four dominant plant communities (Vallisneria natans, Zizania latifolia, Trapa natans and Carex schmidtii) were collected. The concentration of C, N, P and C: N: P ratio in leaves, stems, roots, and soil among the plant communities varied significantly. Along the depth gradient high C: N was measured in C.schmidtii soil (7.08±1.504) but not vary significantly (P >0.05). High C: P result was found in T.natans (81.14±43.88) and in V.natans soil (81.40±42.57) respectively with no significant difference (p>0.05). Besides, N: P ratio measured high in V. natans (13.7±4.05) and showed significant variation (P<0.05). High leaf C: N and N: P ratio was measured in C. schmidtii and V. natans respectively. Nevertheless, high leaf C: P ratio was measured in Z. latifolia. From the three studied organs, leaf C: N and N: P ratio showed high values compared to root and stems. The correlation analysis result showed that at 0-10cm depth soil organic carbon (SOC) correlated negatively with stem total phosphorus (STP), and root total nitrogen (RTN) (P<0.05) but positively strongly with leaf total phosphorus (LTP) and leaf total nitrogen (LTN) (P<0.01) respectively. Soil total nitrogen (STN) at 0-10cm strongly positively correlated with leaf total phosphorus (LTP) (P<0.01) and positively with RN: P and leaf total carbon (LTC) (P<0.05). Soil basic properties such as soil moisture content (SMC), bulky density (BD) and pH positively correlated with soil ecological stoichiometric characteristics. Redundancy analysis (RDA) result showed available nitrogen (AN), soil total nitrogen (STN), and available phosphorus (AP) were the potential determinants variables on plants stoichiometric characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagne Tafa Dibar
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Suqiang Yuan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongze Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxin Ye
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
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Hussain M, Imran M, Abbas G, Shahid M, Iqbal M, Naeem MA, Murtaza B, Amjad M, Shah NS, Ul Haq Khan Z, Ul Islam A. A new biochar from cotton stalks for As (V) removal from aqueous solutions: its improvement with H 3PO 4 and KOH. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:2519-2534. [PMID: 31587158 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study is the first attempt to evaluate the potential of acid and base activated biochar derived from cotton stalks (CSB) for the removal of As from contaminated water. The CSB was treated with 0.5 M KOH (BCSB) and H3PO4 (ACSB) separately to change its surface properties. The CSB, ACSB and BSCB were characterized using BET, FTIR, and SEM analysis to check the effectiveness and insight of the main mechanisms involved in the removal of As. A series of batch experiments was performed using As-contaminated synthetic water and groundwater samples. The effects of initial concentration of As, contact time, dose of the biochars, solution pH, type of the biochar and coexisting ions on the removal of As were investigated. Results revealed that BCSB efficiently removed As (90-99.5%) from contaminated water as compared with ACSB (84-98%) and CSB (81-98%) due to improved surface properties when As concentration was varied from 0.1 to 4.0 mg/L. The experimental data were best fitted with Freundlich adsorption isotherm as compared with Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. However, kinetic data were well explained with pseudo-second-order kinetic model rather than pseudo-first-order, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich models. The sorption energy indicated that physical adsorption was involved in the removal of As. The comparison of adsorption results with other biochars and their modified forms suggests that activation of CSB with base can be used effectively (4.48 mg/g) as a low-cost adsorbent for maximum removal of As from contaminated aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhamamd Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Ul Islam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Mounir B, Younes EG, Asmaa M, Abdeljalil Z, Abdellah A. Physico-chemical changes in cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica as a function of the growth stage and harvesting areas. J Plant Physiol 2020; 251:153196. [PMID: 32485523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of cladodes Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) vary widely during maturation. However, few studies have been performed to evaluate changes in chemical characteristics on the pad depending on the maturity stages. Chemical proximate analysis like the content of total sugars, protein, dry matter, pH, conductivity and ash, depending on the variation of weight of the pad and the growing region was done to determine the changes of characteristics of nopal. Significant changes in physicochemical properties were observed among harvesting sites and during the growing stages. The principal component analysis was then performed to evaluate the relationship between harvesting sites, growth stages, and physicochemical properties. Results highlighted that Sidi El Aidi can be categorized as a poor ecotype among the studied ecotypes, besides, overall harvesting sites pH and proteins had a significant negative correlation with ash, total sugars, reducing sugars, conductivity proteins decrease with increasing age of nopals while total sugars, reducing sugars, and ash content showed the opposite trend. The high total sugar content, minerals of nopal pad (weight higher than 200 g) and proteins (weight lower than 200 g) could be an interesting source of these important components for human diets and also could be used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belbahloul Mounir
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, B.P. 577, Settat, 26000, Morocco.
| | - El Goumi Younes
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, B.P. 577, Settat, 26000, Morocco; Laboratory of Phyto-Biotechnology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, B.P. 159, Taounate, Morocco
| | - Msaad Asmaa
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, B.P. 577, Settat, 26000, Morocco
| | - Zouhri Abdeljalil
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, B.P. 577, Settat, 26000, Morocco
| | - Anouar Abdellah
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, B.P. 577, Settat, 26000, Morocco
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Liu J, Jiang Y, Chen J, Yang J, Jiang W, Zhuang W, Ying H, Yang S. Metabolic Engineering and Adaptive Evolution of Clostridium beijerinckii To Increase Solvent Production from Corn Stover Hydrolysate. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7916-7925. [PMID: 32614183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The production of acetone-butanol-ethanol by solventogenic Clostridium using lignocellulosic biomass can be a potential alternative to petroleum-based butanol. However, previous studies on nondetoxified lignocellulose hydrolysate could not provide better results when compared to those in synthetic medium. In this study, we engineered the pentose pathway of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052, which was then subjected to adaptive laboratory evolution in the gradient mixture of synthetic medium and pretreated corn stover enzymatic hydrolysate (CSH) prepared according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) standard. The final resultant strain CIBTS1274A produced 20.7 g/L of total solvents in NREL CSH diluted to 6% initial total sugars, supplemented with ammonium acetate. This performance was comparable with that of corn-based butanol. In addition, this strain was successfully used in the scale-up operation using nondetoxified corn stover and corncob hydrolysate at Lignicell Refining Biotechnologies Ltd., which once was the only commercial biobutanol industry in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinle Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yang CL, Wu HC, Hwang TL, Lin CH, Cheng YH, Wang CC, Kan HL, Kuo YH, Chen IS, Chang HS, Lin YC. Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activity Constituents from the Stem of Cinnamomum validinerve. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153382. [PMID: 32722482 PMCID: PMC7435785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One new dibenzocycloheptene, validinol (1), and one butanolide firstly isolated from the natural source, validinolide (2), together with 17 known compounds were isolated from the stem of Cinnamomum validinerve. Among the isolates, lincomolide A (3), secosubamolide (7), and cinnamtannin B1 (19) exhibited potent inhibition on both superoxide anion generation (IC50 values of 2.98 ± 0.3 µM, 4.37 ± 0.38 µM, and 2.20 ± 0.3 µM, respectively) and elastase release (IC50 values of 3.96 ± 0.31 µM, 3.04 ± 0.23 µM, and 4.64 ± 0.71 µM, respectively) by human neutrophils. In addition, isophilippinolide A (6), secosubamolide (7), and cinnamtannin B1 (19) showed bacteriostatic effects against Propionibacterium acnes in in vitro study, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values at 16 μg/mL, 16 μg/mL, and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Further investigations using the in vivo ear P. acnes infection model showed that the intraperitoneal administration of the major component cinnamtannin B1 (19) reduced immune cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 at the infection sites. The results demonstrated the potential of cinnamtannin B1 (19) for acne therapy. In summary, these results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potentials of Formosan C. validinerve during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Lung Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.W.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.W.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - Yin-Hua Cheng
- PhD Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.-L.K.)
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.W.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - Hung-Lin Kan
- PhD Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.-L.K.)
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, Chinese Medicine Research Center, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Ih-Sheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.W.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.W.); (I.-S.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-S.C.); (Y.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2664) (H.-S.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2012) (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Ying-Chi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.W.); (I.-S.C.)
- PhD Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.-L.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.-S.C.); (Y.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2664) (H.-S.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2012) (Y.-C.L.)
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Han R, Dai H, Twardowska I, Zhan J, Wei S. Aqueous extracts from the selected hyperaccumulators used as soil additives significantly improve accumulation capacity of Solanum nigrum L. for Cd and Pb. J Hazard Mater 2020; 394:122553. [PMID: 32222552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of soil treatment with aqueous extracts from three hyperaccumulators on Cd and Pb accumulation by Solanum nigrum L. were determined. The stem (S-RG) and leaf extracts (L-RG) of Rorippaglobosa (Turcz.) Thell., and stem extract (S-BP) of Bidens pilosa L. significantly enhanced Cd and Pb total accumulation capacity of S. nigrum compared to control (by 44 %, 47 %, and 29 % for Cd and by 28 %, 28 % and 21 % for Pb, respectively), while EDTA caused its 9 % and 15 % decrease due to the plant biomass reduction (by 33 %). The leaching experiments reflected affinity of additives to metal mobilization in soils. The concentrations of total organic acid in S-RG, L-RG and S-BP were the highest among studied extracts, which besides the beneficial effect on the soil environment (microbe number and enzyme activities), may be partial reasons of strong promotion of S. nigrum accumulation capacity for Cd and Pb. It was shown that hyperaccumulation properties of a plant are not a prerequisite of enhancing effect of the plant-based soil additive on the metal accumulation capacity of the target living hyperaccumultor. The plant-based chelators were found to be promising candidates for EDTA and other chemicals replacement in promoting efficient and environmentally safe phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Han
- Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Irena Twardowska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jie Zhan
- College of Liaoning Professional Hygiene Technology, Shenyang 110101, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Ma R, Chen Q, Li H, Wu S, Lian M, Jin X, Jiang J. Extract of Oenothera biennis L. stem inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by regulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1473-1481. [PMID: 33583777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oenothera biennis L. is a perennial herb distributed across America, Asia, and Europe. The pharmacological effect of Oenothera biennis L. stem is poorly understood. We demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced the high production of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were significantly inhibited by the crude extract The inflammation related signaling extra cellular signal-regulated ERK, P38 of MAPK and NF-kappaB (NF-κB) activated by LPS dramatically inhibited. In conclusion, our results suggested that the stems of Oenothera biennis L. possess a high anti-inflammatory property, thus, can be used in the industrial production of medicinal products as the raw material in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - He Li
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Ministry of Education), Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China/Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Meilan Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Ministry of Education), Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China/Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Ministry of Education), Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China/Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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Cankurt S, Görgün AU. Determination and distribution of 210Po in different morphological parts of tobacco plants and radiation dose assessment from cigarettes in Turkey. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 197:110603. [PMID: 32304920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Both sides of tobacco leaves accumulate 210Po through their sticky hairs (trichomes) by means of diffusive deposition. It is known that tobacco leaves may contain high amounts of 210Po concentrations. However, there is less information about radionuclides in tobacco plants. In the study, the 210Po concentrations were determined monthly in different morphological parts of tobacco plants (leaf, stem, root) and soil samples and soil-to-plant transfer factor for 210Po was determined and the activity concentrations of 210Po radionuclide in 16 different popular brands of cigarettes were investigated in order to estimate the annual effective doses of 210Po to smokers. Besides the study investigated (focused on) the correlation between the amount of rainfall and 210Po concentration of tobacco leaf. The results of the present study indicated that the activity concentration of 210Po in cigarettes distributed in Turkey ranged from 16.1 ± 1.0 to 37.6 ± 2.6 mBq per cigarette and the mean value of their activity concentrations was 22.4 ± 1.5 mBq per cigarette. The mean value of annual effective doses of 210Po to smokers (20 cigarettes smoked by an individual per day) obtained from these activity concentrations was estimated to be 188.5 ± 12.4 μSv y-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Cankurt
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Uğur Görgün
- Ege University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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128
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Abstract
Eleven new labdane-type diterpenoid glycosides, koraiensides A-K (1-11), together with two known analogues were isolated from the twigs of Pinus koraiensis. Their structures were elucidated via NMR, HRMS, and ECD data, DP4+ statistical analysis, and hydrolysis. The metabolites were tested for induction of nerve growth factor in C6 glioma cells to evaluate their potential neuroprotective activity. The compounds were measured for production of nitric oxide levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine microglia BV2 cells to assess their antineuroinflammatory activity. Compounds 10 and 13 showed NGF secretion inducing effects from C6 glioma cells (162.3 ± 13.9% and 162.7 ± 6.9%, respectively). Compound 6 showed an IC50 value of 24.1 μM, implying significant inhibition of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Park
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kang Ro Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Nair ANS, Nair RVR, Nair APR, Nair AS, Thyagarajan S, Johnson AJ, Baby S. Antidiabetes constituents, cycloartenol and 24-methylenecycloartanol, from Ficus krishnae. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235221. [PMID: 32584888 PMCID: PMC7316276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus krishnae stem bark and leaves are used for diabetes treatment in traditional medicines. Stem bark of F. krishnae was sequentially extracted with hexane, methanol and water, and these extracts were tested for their antihyperglyceamic activity by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in overnight fasted glucose loaded normal rats. Hexane extract showed significant glucose lowering activity in OGTT, and the triterpene alcohols (cycloartenol+24-methylenecycloartanol) (CA+24-MCA) were isolated together from it by activity guided isolation and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The ratio of the chemical constituents CA and 24-MCA in (CA+24-MCA) was determined as 2.27:1.00 by chemical derivatization and gas chromatographic quantification. (CA+24-MCA) in high fat diet-streptozotocin induced type II diabetic rats showed significant antidiabetes activity at 1 mg/kg and ameliorated derailed blood glucose and other serum biochemical parameters. Cytoprotective activity of (CA+24-MCA) from glucose toxicity was evaluated in cultured RIN-5F cells by MTT assay and fluorescent microscopy. (CA+24-MCA) in in vitro studies showed enhanced cell viability in RIN-5F cells and significant protection of beta cells from glucose toxicity. Both in in vivo and in vitro studies (CA+24-MCA) showed enhancement in insulin release from the beta cells. In short term toxicity studies in mice (CA+24-MCA) did not show any conspicuous toxic symptoms. The combination of the phytosterols (CA+24-MCA) obtained through activity guided isolation of the stem bark of F. krishnae showed significant activity, and therefore is a promising candidate for new generation antidiabetes drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajikumaran Nair Sadasivan Nair
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Reshma Vijayakumari Raveendran Nair
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aroma Prasanna Rajendran Nair
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Akhila Sasikumar Nair
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Thyagarajan
- Garden Management Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anil John Johnson
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail: ,
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Del Valle JC, Buide ML, Whittall JB, Valladares F, Narbona E. UV radiation increases phenolic compound protection but decreases reproduction in Silene littorea. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231611. [PMID: 32555603 PMCID: PMC7302690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to changes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation both morphologically and physiologically. Among the variety of plant UV-responses, the synthesis of UV-absorbing flavonoids constitutes an effective non-enzymatic mechanism to mitigate photoinhibitory and photooxidative damage caused by UV stress, either reducing the penetration of incident UV radiation or acting as quenchers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we designed a UV-exclusion experiment to investigate the effects of UV radiation in Silene littorea. We spectrophotometrically quantified concentrations of both anthocyanins and UV-absorbing phenolic compounds in petals, calyces, leaves and stems. Furthermore, we analyzed the UV effect on the photosynthetic activity in hours of maximum solar radiation and we tested the impact of UV radiation on male and female reproductive performance. We found that anthocyanin concentrations showed a significant decrease of about 20% with UV-exclusion in petals and stems, and a 30% decrease in calyces. The concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds under UV-exclusion decreased by approximately 25% in calyces and stems, and 12% in leaves. Photochemical efficiency of plants grown under UV decreased at maximum light stress, reaching an inhibition of 58% of photosynthetic activity, but their ability to recover after light-stress was not affected. In addition, exposure to UV radiation did not affect ovule production or seed set per flower, but decreased pollen production and total seed production per plant by 31% and 69%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that UV exposure produced opposing effects on the accumulation of plant phenolic compounds and reproduction. UV radiation increased the concentration of phenolic compounds, suggesting a photoprotective role of plant phenolics against UV light, yet overall reproduction was compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Del Valle
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mª Luisa Buide
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Justen B. Whittall
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Narbona
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Kouamé T, Okpekon AT, Bony NF, N’Tamon AD, Gallard JF, Rharrabti S, Leblanc K, Mouray E, Grellier P, Champy P, Beniddir MA, Le Pogam P. Corynanthean-Epicatechin Flavoalkaloids from Corynanthe pachyceras. Molecules 2020; 25:E2654. [PMID: 32517373 PMCID: PMC7321195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicatechocorynantheines A and B, and epicatechocorynantheidine were isolated from the stem bark of Corynanthe pachyceras. These molecules were pinpointed, and their isolation streamlined, by a molecular networking strategy. The structural elucidation was unambiguously accomplished from HRMS and 1D/2D NMR data. These compounds represent the first examples of corynanthean-type alkaloids tethered with a flavonoid. Epicatechocorynantheidine notably instigated two connections between the monoterpene indole alkaloid and the flavonoid, yielding an unprecedented octacyclic appendage. These flavoalkaloids exerted moderate antiplasmodial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapé Kouamé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (T.K.); (A.D.N.); (S.R.); (K.L.); (P.C.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie, Univ. FHB, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire, France;
| | - Aboua Timothée Okpekon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie, Univ. FHB, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire, France;
| | - Nicaise F. Bony
- Département de Chimie Analytique, Minérale et Générale, Technologie Alimentaire, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Univ. FHB, 06 B. P. 2256 Abidjan 06, Côte d’Ivoire, France;
| | - Amon Diane N’Tamon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (T.K.); (A.D.N.); (S.R.); (K.L.); (P.C.)
- Département de Chimie Analytique, Minérale et Générale, Technologie Alimentaire, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Univ. FHB, 06 B. P. 2256 Abidjan 06, Côte d’Ivoire, France;
| | - Jean-François Gallard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, ICSN UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 21 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Somia Rharrabti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (T.K.); (A.D.N.); (S.R.); (K.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Karine Leblanc
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (T.K.); (A.D.N.); (S.R.); (K.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Elisabeth Mouray
- Muséum National d′Histoire Naturelle, Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, UMR7245, CP54, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; (E.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Grellier
- Muséum National d′Histoire Naturelle, Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, UMR7245, CP54, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; (E.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Pierre Champy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (T.K.); (A.D.N.); (S.R.); (K.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Mehdi A. Beniddir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (T.K.); (A.D.N.); (S.R.); (K.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierre Le Pogam
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (T.K.); (A.D.N.); (S.R.); (K.L.); (P.C.)
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Marchante L, Márquez K, Contreras D, Izquierdo-Cañas PM, García-Romero E, Díaz-Maroto MC. Impact of oenological antioxidant substances on the formation of 1-hydroxyethyl radical and phenolic composition in SO 2 free red wines. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:3401-3407. [PMID: 32162341 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different natural substances, chitosan, inactive dry yeasts and freeze-dried aqueous extracts from two wine industry by-products (stems and shoots) were used in red winemaking as possible alternatives to SO2 . The resistance to oxidation of wines was evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance. The phenolic composition of wines was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) and ABTS [2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation] assays and spectrophotometric measurements of color were compared. RESULTS The wines elaborated with chitosan and inactive dry yeast presented greater capacity to inhibit the formation of the 1-hydroxyethyl radical compared to the wines elaborated with stem or shoot extracts. The total content of anthocyanins was higher in the wines elaborated with SO2 ; however, the concentration of flavan-3-ols was higher in the wines with chitosan. In addition, the wines with chitosan and inactive dry yeast presented the highest % polymerization. Wines elaborated with stem extract had a lower concentration of flavonols and stilbenes. CONCLUSION Chitosan and inactive dry yeast, which are used as an alternative to SO2 in winemaking, allow the control of the formation of 1-HER in red wines. Wines with stem and shoot extracts showed a lower resistance to oxidation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Marchante
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF-IVICAM), Tomelloso, Spain
| | - Katherine Márquez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - David Contreras
- Centro de Biotecnología y Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pedro M Izquierdo-Cañas
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF-IVICAM), Tomelloso, Spain
| | - Esteban García-Romero
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF-IVICAM), Tomelloso, Spain
| | - María C Díaz-Maroto
- Food Technology, Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Vilaseca F, Serra-Parareda F, Espinosa E, Rodríguez A, Mutjé P, Delgado-Aguilar M. Valorization of Hemp Core Residues: Impact of NaOH Treatment on the Flexural Strength of PP Composites and Intrinsic Flexural Strength of Hemp Core Fibers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060823. [PMID: 32471275 PMCID: PMC7356019 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp core is a lignocellulosic residue in the production chain of hemp strands. Huge amounts of hemp core are gathered annually in Europe (43,000 tons) with no major application end. Such lignocellulosic wastes have potential as filling or reinforcing material to replace synthetic fibers and wood fibers in polymer composites. In this study, hemp core biomass was treated under different NaOH concentrations and then defibrated by means of Sprout Waldron equipment to obtain single fibers. Polypropylene matrix was reinforced up to 50 wt.% and the resulting hemp core fibers and the flexural properties were investigated. The results show that the flexural strength of composites increased with the intensity of NaOH treatment. The effect of NaOH was attributed to the removal of extractives and lignin in the fiber cell wall leading to improved interfacial adhesion characteristics. Besides, a methodology was established for the estimation of the intrinsic flexural strength of hemp core fibers. The intrinsic flexural strength of hemp core fibers was calculated to be 940 MPa for fibers treated at 10 wt.% of NaOH. In addition, a relationship between the lignin content and the intrinsic strength of the fibers was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Vilaseca
- Advanced Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ferran Serra-Parareda
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (F.S.-P.); (P.M.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Eduardo Espinosa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bioagres Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Building Marie-Curie, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bioagres Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Building Marie-Curie, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957212274
| | - Pere Mutjé
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (F.S.-P.); (P.M.); (M.D.-A.)
- Chair on Sustainable Industrial Processes, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (F.S.-P.); (P.M.); (M.D.-A.)
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134
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Wu YJ, Su TR, Chang CI, Chen CR, Hung KF, Liu C. (+)-Bornyl p-Coumarate Extracted from Stem of Piper betle Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103737. [PMID: 32466337 PMCID: PMC7279146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(+)-Bornyl p-coumarate is an active substance that is abundant in the Piper betle stem and has been shown to possess bioactivity against bacteria and a strong antioxidative effect. In the current study, we examined the actions of (+)-bornyl p-coumarate against A2058 and A375 melanoma cells. The inhibition effects of (+)-bornyl p-coumarate on these cell lines were assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the underlying mechanisms were identified by immunostaining, flow cytometry and western blotting of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy. Our results demonstrated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, demonstrating treatment induced apoptosis. In addition, western blotting revealed that the process is mediated by caspase-dependent pathways, release of cytochrome C, activation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad and caspase-3/-9) and suppression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1). Also, the upregulated expressions of p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-homologous protein (CHOP) after treatment indicated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate caused apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, increased expressions of beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, p62, LC3-I and LC3-II proteins and suppression by autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), indicated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate triggered autophagy in the melanoma cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that (+)-bornyl p-coumarate suppressed human melanoma cell growth and should be further investigated with regards to its potential use as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Rong Su
- Antai Medical Care Corporation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Chiy-Rong Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95002, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Feng Hung
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaoshiung 91363, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaoshiung 82144, Taiwan
- Department of Health Beauty, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaoshiung 82144, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-779-9821 (ext. 8398)
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135
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Chen X, Chen G, Wang Z, Kan J. A comparison of a polysaccharide extracted from ginger (Zingiber officinale) stems and leaves using different methods: preparation, structure characteristics, and biological activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:635-649. [PMID: 32088222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how extraction method impacts the yield, chemical composition, structure characteristics, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) stems and leaves (GSLP). Four extraction methods were employed to obtain the GSLP, including hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), alkaline solution extraction (ASE), and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). The data showed that ASE produced highest extraction yield compared to the other extraction methods. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that GSLP microstructures were greatly influenced by extraction method. Moreover, in vitro hypoglycemic activity and antioxidant activity experiments demonstrated that the biological capacities of ASE-GSLP were superior to GSLPs extracted by the other methods. Taken together, these results indicate that polysaccharides from ginger stems and leaves obtained by alkali, complex enzyme, and ultrasonic-assisted extractions are imbued with different characteristic mechanisms of degradation, despite the uniformity of their main structures. In addition, ASE-GSLP displayed better biological activities probably due to its abundant uronic acid content, higher sulfate radical, and smaller molecular weight. Thus, it can be concluded that ASE has great potential as an effective strategy for obtaining polysaccharides from stems and leaves because of its higher yield and the remarkable bioactivity of its products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guangjing Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guizhou 550005, PR China.
| | - Zhirong Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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136
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Sari MF, Esen F, Tasdemir Y. Biomonitoring and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using Pine Tree Components from Three Different Sites in Bursa, Turkey. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 78:646-657. [PMID: 32112135 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pine trees are used as biomonitoring agents to evaluate atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to industrialization, urban construction, and rapid population growth, the city of Bursa is experiencing air pollution. In this study, PAHs were measured in pine tree branches and needles at a wastewater treatment plant site, an industrial site, and semirural site in Bursa for 12 months. The concentrations fluctuated depending on the characteristics of the areas. The lowest concentration value was measured in the semirural site while the highest value was determined in the wastewater treatment plant site. The PAH concentrations in pine needles ranged from 24 to 2565 ng/g dry weight (DW) and in pine branches from 163 to 2871 ng/g DW for 16 PAHs. Naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, and fluoranthene were determined as dominant species in both tree components. Diagnostic ratios, ring profile, principal component analysis, the coefficient of divergence, and the Pearson correlation coefficient methods were used in the definition of sources of PAHs in the sampling sites, although all source identification methods have advantages and disadvantages. According to the results, the PAHs mainly originated from biomass and coal burning, traffic, and mixed sources. It also was concluded that three sampling sites showed higher PAH concentrations during winter, and the main PAH sources were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ferhat Sari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Esen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yücel Tasdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey.
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137
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Li M, Liu Y, Ma J, Zhang P, Wang C, Su J, Yang D. Genetic dissection of stem WSC accumulation and remobilization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under terminal drought stress. BMC Genet 2020; 21:50. [PMID: 32349674 PMCID: PMC7191701 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation and remobilization of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are determinant physiological traits highly influencing yield potential in wheat against drought stress. However, knowledge gains of the genetic control are still limited. A hexaploid wheat population of 120 recombinant inbred lines were developed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to dissect the genetic basis underlying eight traits related to stem WSC under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions across three environments. RESULTS Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed larger environmental and genotypic effects on stem WSC-related traits, indicating moderate heritabilities of 0.51-0.72. A total of 95 additive and 88 pairs of epistatic QTLs were identified with significant additive and epistatic effects, as well as QTL× water environmental interaction (QEI) effects. Most of additive QTLs and additive QEIs associated with drought-stressed environments functioned genetic effects promoting pre-anthesis WSC levels and stem WSC remobilization to developing grains. Compared to other genetic components, both genetic effects were performed exclusive contributions to phenotypic variations in stem WSC-related traits. Nineteen QTL clusters were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6A, 6B and 7A, suggestive of the genetic linkage or pleiotropy. Thirteen additive QTLs were detectable repeatedly across two of the three water environments, indicating features of stable expressions. Some loci were consistent with those reported early and were further discussed. CONCLUSION Stem WSC-related traits were inherited predominantly by additive and QEI effects with a moderate heritability. QTL cluster regions were suggestive of tight linkage or pleiotropy in the inheritance of these traits. Some stable and common loci, as well as closely linked molecular markers, had great potential in marker-assisted selection to improve stem WSC-related traits in wheat, especially under drought-stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Jingfu Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Caixiang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Junji Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Delong Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
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138
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Lopes Alves JJ, Dias MI, Barreira JCM, Barros L, Resende O, Ribeiro Aguiar AC, Ferreira ICFR. Phenolic Profile of Croton urucurana Baill. Leaves, Stems and Bark: Pairwise Influence of Drying Temperature and Extraction Solvent. Molecules 2020; 25:E2032. [PMID: 32349340 PMCID: PMC7248944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerrado biome represents an area with great biodiversity. Some of its plants have significant ethnopharmacological uses, with specific purposes. Croton urucurana Baill., for instance, was previously acknowledged for its anti-hemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, healing, and potentially antifungal and entomopathogenic actions. Nevertheless, the compounds supporting these empirical applications are still unknown. Accordingly, this work was designed to achieve a complete characterization of the phenolic profile of different botanical tissues obtained from C. urucurana, and also to verify how different operational conditions (different drying temperatures and extraction conditions) affect that profile. All samples were further characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn, and results were compared by advanced chemometric tools. In general, the drying temperatures that maximize the extraction yield of specific individual phenolic compounds were established. Likewise, it was possible to verify that samples extracted with the hydroethanolic solution allowed higher phenolic yields, either in individual compounds (except (epi)catechin-di-O-gallate) or total phenolics. The identification of the best operational conditions and phenolic profiles associated with each C. urucurana botanical part contributes to enabling their use in food or pharmaceutical-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jáliston Júlio Lopes Alves
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300–253 Bragança, Portugal; (J.J.L.A.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Laboratório de Pós-colheita de Produtos Vegetais, Instituto Federal Goiano—Campus Rio Verde, 75.901–970 Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil; (O.R.); (A.C.R.A.)
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300–253 Bragança, Portugal; (J.J.L.A.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - João C. M. Barreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300–253 Bragança, Portugal; (J.J.L.A.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300–253 Bragança, Portugal; (J.J.L.A.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Osvaldo Resende
- Laboratório de Pós-colheita de Produtos Vegetais, Instituto Federal Goiano—Campus Rio Verde, 75.901–970 Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil; (O.R.); (A.C.R.A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Ribeiro Aguiar
- Laboratório de Pós-colheita de Produtos Vegetais, Instituto Federal Goiano—Campus Rio Verde, 75.901–970 Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil; (O.R.); (A.C.R.A.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300–253 Bragança, Portugal; (J.J.L.A.); (M.I.D.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
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139
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Driscoll AW, Howa JD, Bitter NQ, Ehleringer JR. A predictive spatial model for roasted coffee using oxygen isotopes of α-cellulose. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8626. [PMID: 31658500 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fraudulent region-of-origin labeling is a concern for high-value, globally traded commodities such as coffee. The oxygen isotope ratio of cellulose is a useful geographic tracer, as it integrates climate and source water signals. A predictive spatial model ("isoscape") of the δ18 O values of coffee bean cellulose is generated to evaluate coffee region-of-origin claims. METHODS The oxygen isotope ratio of α-cellulose extracted from roasted coffee beans was measured via high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TC-EA/IRMS) and used to calculate the δ18 O value of coffee bean water. The 18 O enrichment of coffee bean water relative to the δ18 O value of local precipitation was modeled as a function of local temperature and humidity. This function was incorporated into a mechanistic model of cellulose δ18 O values to predict the δ18 O values of coffee bean cellulose across coffee-producing regions globally. RESULTS The δ18 O values of analyzed coffee bean cellulose ranged from approximately +22‰ to +42‰ (V-SMOW). As expected, coffees grown in the same region tended to have similar isotope ratios, and the δ18 O value of coffee bean cellulose was generally higher than the δ18 O value of modeled stem cellulose for the region. Modeled δ18 O values of coffee cellulose were within ±2.3‰ of the measured δ18 O value of coffee cellulose. CONCLUSIONS The oxygen isotope ratio of coffee bean cellulose is a useful indicator of region-of-origin and varies predictably in response to climatic factors and precipitation isotope ratios. The isoscape of coffee bean cellulose δ18 O values from this study provides a quantitative tool that can be applied to region-of-origin verification of roasted coffee at the point-of-sale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery W Driscoll
- IsoForensics Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - John D Howa
- IsoForensics Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Nicholas Q Bitter
- IsoForensics Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - James R Ehleringer
- IsoForensics Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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140
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Arnaud B, Durand S, Fanuel M, Guillon F, Méchin V, Rogniaux H. Imaging Study by Mass Spectrometry of the Spatial Variation of Cellulose and Hemicellulose Structures in Corn Stalks. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4042-4050. [PMID: 32125840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study used mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to map the distribution of enzymatically degraded cell wall polysaccharides in maize stems for two genotypes and at several stages of development. The context was the production of biofuels, and the overall objective was to better describe the structural determinants of recalcitrance of grasses in bioconversion. The selected genotypes showed contrasting characteristics in bioconversion assays as well as in their lignin deposition pattern. We compared the pattern of cell wall polysaccharide degradation observed by MSI following the enzymatic degradation of tissues with that of lignin deposition. Several enzymes targeting the main families of wall polysaccharides were used. In the early stages of development, cellulose and mixed-linked β-glucans appeared as the main polysaccharides degraded from the walls, while heteroxylan products were barely detected, suggesting subsequent deposition of heteroxylans in the walls. At all stages and for both genotypes, enzymatic degradation occurred preferentially in nonlignified walls for all structural families of polysaccharides studied here. However, our results showed heterogeneity in the distribution of heteroxylan products according to their chemical structure: arabinosylated products were mostly represented in the pith center, while glucuronylated products were found at the pith periphery. The conclusions of our work are in agreement with those of previous studies. The MSI approach presented here is unique and attractive for addressing the histological and biochemical aspects of biomass recalcitrance to conversion, as it allows for a simultaneous interpretation of cell wall degradation and lignification patterns at the scale of an entire stem section.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Arnaud
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - S Durand
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - M Fanuel
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - F Guillon
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - V Méchin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - H Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
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141
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Neugebauer K, El-Serehy HA, George TS, McNicol JW, Moraes MF, Sorreano MCM, White PJ. The influence of phylogeny and ecology on root, shoot and plant ionomes of 14 native Brazilian species. Physiol Plant 2020; 168:790-802. [PMID: 31400248 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ionome is the elemental composition of a living organism, its tissues, cells or cell compartments. The ionomes of roots, stems and leaves of 14 native Brazilian forest species were characterised to examine the relationships between plant and organ ionomes and the phylogenetic and ecological affiliations of species. The null hypothesis that ionomes of Brazilian forest species and their organs do not differ was tested. Concentrations of mineral nutrients in roots, stems and leaves were determined for 14 Brazilian forest species, representing seven angiosperm orders, grown hydroponically in a complete nutrient solution. The 14 species could be differentiated by their ionomes and the partitioning of mineral nutrients between organs. The ionomic differences between the 14 species did not reflect their phylogenetic relationships or successional ecology. Differences between shoot ionomes and root ionomes were greater than differences in the ionome of an organ when compared among genotypes. In conclusion, differences in ionomes of species and their organs reflect a combination of ancient phylogenetic and recent environmental adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Neugebauer
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy S George
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Milton F Moraes
- Graduate Program of Tropical Agriculture, Federal University of Mato Grosso, CEP78600-00, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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142
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Garcia-Ibañez P, Moreno DA, Nuñez-Gomez V, Agudelo A, Carvajal M. Use of elicitation in the cultivation of Bimi® for food and ingredients. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2099-2109. [PMID: 31875967 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous foods rich in health-promoting metabolites are of particular interest to consumers as well as being a good source of bioactives-enriched ingredients. Several elicitors have been used to stimulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in foods; however, little is known about the response of new hybrid varieties, such as Bimi®, under field-crop production conditions. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (200 μmol L-1 , SA), methyl jasmonate (100 μmol L-1 , MeJA), and their combination on Bimi plant organs (inflorescences and aerial vegetative tissues - stems and leaves). For this, the composition of the glucosinolates present in the tissues was evaluated. Also, aqueous extracts of the plant material, obtained with different times of extraction with boiling water, were studied. RESULTS The results indicate that the combined treatment (SA + MeJA) significantly increased the content of glucosinolates in the inflorescences and that MeJA was the most effective elicitor in leaves. Regarding the aqueous extracts, the greatest amount of glucosinolates was extracted at 30 min - except for the leaves elicited with MeJA, for which 15 min was optimal. CONCLUSION The elicitation in the field enriched leaves in glucobrassicin (GB), 4-methoxyglucobrassicin (MGB), and neoglucobrassicin (NGB) and stems and inflorescences in glucoraphanin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, GB, MGB, and NGB. In this way, this enhanced vegetable material favored the presence of bioactives in the extracts, which is of great interest regarding enriched foods and ingredients with added value obtained from them. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Ibañez
- Aquaporins Group, Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Department of Food Science Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Department of Food Science Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Nuñez-Gomez
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Department of Food Science Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agatha Agudelo
- R&D Special Collaborative Projects, Sakata Seed Ibérica S.L.U., Valencia, Spain
- IBMCP, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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143
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Ajermoun N, Lahrich S, Bouarab L, Bakasse M, Saqrane S, El Mhammedi MA. Physiological effects of thiamethoxam on Zea mays and its electrochemical detection using a silver electrode. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2090-2098. [PMID: 31875957 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work is the detection and quantification of bioaccumulated thiamethoxam (THM) in Zea mays at a silver electrode using square-wave voltammetry. Thiamethoxam bioaccumulation and plant development were followed for 10 days from germination to seedling growth. Germination rate, accumulation rate, root length, and plant length were used as indicators. All experiments were carried out using several concentrations of THM (5.0 × 10-4 , 1.0 × 10-3 , 5.0 × 10-3 , 3.4 × 10-2 and 5.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 ). RESULTS The results confirm that Zea mays was sensitive to this insecticide and that germination and growth inhibition were dose dependent. The efficiency and utility of the proposed method were discussed. The current intensity increases linearly with an increase in the THM bioaccumulated in Zea mays. After 10 days,the recovery results of the extraction of THM from zea Mayes samples spiked with different concentrations were encouraging. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 9.58 × 10-6 mol L-1 (3*SD/B) and 3.13 × 10-5 mol L-1 (10*SD/B). The precision was 2.67% for eight repetitions in a solution of 3.5 × 10-4 mol L-1 THM. Histological tests were also performed to confirm the effect of THM on the plant and showed that exposure to THM induced a net histological modification in the primary root tissue of Zea mays. CONCLUSION The use of THM can affect the quality of the plant crop yield, and its accumulation in edible plants could pose a potential risk for human and animal health if the insecticide intake were to exceed the recommended tolerable limits. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourddine Ajermoun
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Sara Lahrich
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Bouarab
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mina Bakasse
- Organic Micropollutants Analysis Team, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Sana Saqrane
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Moulay Abderrahim El Mhammedi
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Khouribga, Morocco
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144
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Shumilina E, Andreasen C, Bitarafan Z, Dikiy A. Determination of Glyphosate in Dried Wheat by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2020; 25:E1546. [PMID: 32231040 PMCID: PMC7181141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A wheat field was sprayed with a dosage of 1.1 kg a.i./ha Roundup PowerMax 10 days before harvest. The 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used for the detection and quantification of the glyphosate (GLYP) in dried wheat spikelets, leaves, and stems. The quantification was done by the integration of the CH2-P groups doublet at 3.00 ppm with good linearity. The GLYP content varied between different samples and parts of the plant. On average, the largest content of herbicide was found in leaves (20.0 mg/kg), followed by stems (6.4 mg/kg) and spikelets (6.3 mg/kg). Our study shows that the 1H-NMR spectroscopy can be a rapid and reliable tool for GLYP detection and quantification in the field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shumilina
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Christian Andreasen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK2630 Taastrup, Denmark; (C.A.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zahra Bitarafan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK2630 Taastrup, Denmark; (C.A.); (Z.B.)
| | - Alexander Dikiy
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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145
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Chen X, Ye X, Chu W, Olk DC, Cao X, Schmidt-Rohr K, Zhang L, Thompson ML, Mao J, Gao H. Formation of Char-Like, Fused-Ring Aromatic Structures from a Nonpyrogenic Pathway during Decomposition of Wheat Straw. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2607-2614. [PMID: 32096642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fused-ring aromatics, important skeletal components of black carbon (BC), contribute to long-term carbon (C) sequestration in nature. They have previously been thought to be primarily formed by incomplete combustion of organic materials, whereas the nonpyrogenic origins are negligible. Using advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), including recoupled long-range C-H dipolar dephasing, exchange with protonated and nonprotonated spectral editing (EXPANSE), and dipolar-dephased double-quantum/single-quantum (DQ/SQ) spectroscopy, we for the first time identify fused-ring aromatics that formed during the decomposition of wheat (Triticum sp.) straw in soil under aerobic, but not anaerobic conditions. The observed formation of polyaromatic units as plant litter decomposes provides direct evidence for humification. Moreover, the estimation of the annual flux of such nonpyrogenic BC could be equivalent to 3-12% of pyrogenic BC added to soils from all other sources. Our findings significantly extend the understanding of potential sources of fused-ring aromatic C and BC in soils as well as the global C cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenying Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Daniel C Olk
- USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Ligan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Michael L Thompson
- Agronomy Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jingdong Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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146
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Sümer E, Senturk GE, Demirel ÖU, Yesilada E. Comparative biochemical and histopathological evaluations proved that receptacle is the most effective part of Cynara scolymus against liver and kidney damages. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112458. [PMID: 31809787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The liver and kidney are among the most important organs in the body, where metabolic and elimination functions take place. During this process, liver and kidneys may suffer damage due to ingestion or formation of toxic metabolites leading to organ loss and even death. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf has long been recognized as a popular herbal remedy in traditional medicines with beneficial effects on liver. AIM OF THE STUDY In phytotherapy leaves are the part used to support the liver functions and for treatment of damage induced by various toxins, while fleshy receptacle is cooked as meal to support liver homeostasis. However, effects of other plant parts on liver such as stems, bracts have not much attracted the attention of scientific community so far. In this study we investigated comparatively the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of different plant parts of artichoke, i.e. receptacles, outer bracts, inner bracts, and stems with that of leaves upon paracetamol-induction in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous ethanol (80%) extracts obtained from the different parts of artichoke were administered for five consecutive days after paracetamol induction to rats. At the end of experimental period blood samples from the experimental animals were taken for biochemical tests, while livers and kidneys were removed for further histopathological evaluation. RESULTS The histopathological examinations of liver and kidney tissues revealed that the receptacle and stem extracts of the artichoke were the most effective parts by improving the experimentally induced pathology in both liver and kidney. Biochemical tests also supported the histopathological data; receptacle, stem and bract extracts reduced serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, but not alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological and biochemical studies have shown that receptacle and stem extracts of artichoke were found to exert higher protective activity on liver and kidney damage induced by paracetamol comparing to its bract and leaf extracts, the latest is officially recognized as herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Sümer
- Yeditepe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Phytotherapy, Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gözde Erkanli Senturk
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Unay Demirel
- Bahçeşehir University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Ataşehir, 34755, İstanbul, Turkey.
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147
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Domański J, Marchut-Mikołajczyk O, Cieciura-Włoch W, Patelski P, Dziekońska-Kubczak U, Januszewicz B, Zhang B, Dziugan P. Production of Methane, Hydrogen and Ethanol from Secale cereale L. Straw Pretreated with Sulfuric Acid. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25041013. [PMID: 32102411 PMCID: PMC7070859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25041013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study describes sulfuric acid pretreatment of straw from Secale cereale L. (rye straw) to evaluate the effect of acid concentration and treatment time on the efficiency of biofuel production. The highest ethanol yield occurred after the enzyme treatment at a dose of 15 filter paper unit (FPU) per gram of rye straw (subjected to chemical hydrolysis with 2% sulfuric acid (SA) at 121 °C for 1 h) during 120 h. Anaerobic digestion of rye straw treated with 10% SA at 121 °C during 1 h allowed to obtain 347.42 L methane/kg volatile solids (VS). Most hydrogen was released during dark fermentation of rye straw after pretreatment of 2% SA, 121 °C, 1 h and 1% SA, 121 °C, 2 h—131.99 and 134.71 L hydrogen/kg VS, respectively. If the rye straw produced in the European Union were processed into methane, hydrogen, ethanol, the annual electricity production in 2018 could reach 9.87 TWh (terawatt-hours), 1.16 TWh, and 0.60 TWh, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Domański
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (W.C.-W.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-631-34-84
| | - Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Weronika Cieciura-Włoch
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (W.C.-W.); (P.D.)
| | - Piotr Patelski
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (U.D.-K.)
| | - Urszula Dziekońska-Kubczak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (U.D.-K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Januszewicz
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Bolin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Piotr Dziugan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (W.C.-W.); (P.D.)
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148
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Carvalho B, Bastias CC, Escudero A, Valladares F, Benavides R. Intraspecific perspective of phenotypic coordination of functional traits in Scots pine. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228539. [PMID: 32053614 PMCID: PMC7018023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional traits have emerged as a key to understand species responses to environmental conditions. The concerted expression of multiple traits gives rise to the phenotype of each individual, which is the one interacting with the environment and evolving. However, patterns of trait covariation and how they vary in response to environmental conditions remain poorly understood, particularly at the intraspecific scale. Here, we have measured traits at different scales and in different organs, and analysed their covariation in a large number of conspecifics distributed in two contrasting environments. We expected significant correlations among traits, not only within clusters of traits as found in global, multispecies studies, but also among clusters, with more relationships within clusters, due to genetic constraints, and among clusters due to more coordinated phenotypes than community level, multispecies studies. We surveyed 100 Pinus sylvestris trees in a Mediterranean mountainous area distributed in two contrasting elevations. We measured 13 functional traits, in three clusters (leaf, stem and whole-plant traits), and analysed their variation and coordination. We found significant coordination among traits belonging to different clusters that reveals coordinated phenotypes. However, we found fewer correlations within trait clusters than initially expected. Trait correlation structures (number, intensity and type of correlations among traits) differed among individuals at different elevations. We observed more correlations within trait clusters at low elevation compared to those at high elevation. Moreover, the higher number of correlations among different trait clusters and the lower trait variation at the higher elevation suggests that variability decreases under more stressful conditions. Altogether, our results reveal that traits at intraspecific scale are coordinated in a broad network and not only within clusters of traits but also that this trait covariation is significantly affected by environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Carvalho
- Departamento Biogeografía y Cambio Global, LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina C. Bastias
- Departamento Biogeografía y Cambio Global, LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Departamento Biogeografía y Cambio Global, LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Benavides
- Departamento Biogeografía y Cambio Global, LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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149
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Cu ST, Guild G, Nicolson A, Velu G, Singh R, Stangoulis J. Genetic dissection of zinc, iron, copper, manganese and phosphorus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain and rachis at two developmental stages. Plant Sci 2020; 291:110338. [PMID: 31928667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-yielding wheat genotypes containing micronutrient-dense grains are the main priorities of biofortification programs. At the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, breeders have successfully crossed high zinc progenitors including synthetic hexaploid wheat, T. dicoccum, T. spelta and landraces to generate high-zinc varieties. In this study, we report a genome-wide association using a wheat diversity panel to dissect the genetics controlling zinc, iron, copper, manganese and phosphorus concentrations in the grain and rachis during grain development and at physiological maturity. Significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified for each nutrient using multi-locus mixed model methodologies. For mature grain, markers that showed significant pleiotropic effects were found on chromosomes 1A, 3B and 5B, of which those on chromosome 5B at ∼95.5 cM were consistent over two growing seasons. Co-located MTAs were identified for the nutrient concentrations in developing grain, rachis and mature grain on multiple chromosomes. The identified genomic regions included putative candidate genes involved in metal uptake and transport and storage protein processing. These findings add to our understanding of the genetics of the five important nutrients in wheat grain and provide information on genetic markers for selecting high micronutrient genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suong T Cu
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Georgia Guild
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Alison Nicolson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Govindan Velu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6‑641, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Ravi Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6‑641, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - James Stangoulis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA 5042, Australia
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150
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Mei YQ, Wei LF, Zou LS, Liu XH, Li JS, Chen JL, Tan MX, Wang CC, Cai ZC, Zhang FR. [Analysis and evaluation of dynamic accumulation of multiple bioactive constituents in Spatholobi Caulis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:584-595. [PMID: 32237517 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20191107.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A method was established for simultaneous determination of 21 active constituents including flavanols, isoflavones, flavonols, dihydroflavones, dihydroflavonols, chalcones, pterocarpan, anthocyanidins and phenolic acids in Spatholobi Caulis by ultra fast liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry(UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). Then, it was employed to analyze and evaluate the dynamic accumulation of multiple bioactive constituents in Spatholobi Caulis. The chromatographic separation was performed on a XBridge®C_(18)(4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm) at 30 ℃ with a gradient elution of 0.3% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min~(-1), using multiple-reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. A comprehensive evaluation of the multiple bioactive constituents was carried out by gray correlation analysis(GRA). The 21 target components showed good linearity(r>0.999 0) in the range of the tested concentrations. The average recovery rates of the 21 components were from 97.46% to 103.6% with relative standard deviations less than 5.0%. There were differences in the contents of 21 components in Spatholobi Caulis at diffe-rent harvest periods. Spatholobi Caulis had high quality from early November to early December, which is consistent with the local tradi-tional harvest period. This study reveals the rule of the dynamic accumulation of 21 components in Spatholobi Caulis and provides basic information for the suitable harvest time. At the same time, it provides a new method reference for the comprehensive evaluation of the internal quality of Spatholobi Caulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Fang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Si Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xun-Hong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Li
- Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guilin 542500, China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Xia Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Chen Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
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