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Mandakovic D, Maldonado J, Pulgar R, Cabrera P, Gaete A, Urtuvia V, Seeger M, Cambiazo V, González M. Microbiome analysis and bacterial isolation from Lejía Lake soil in Atacama Desert. Extremophiles 2018; 22:665-673. [PMID: 29687212 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a consequence of the severe climatic change affecting our entire world, many lakes in the Andes Cordillera are likely to disappear within a few decades. One of these lakes is Lejía Lake, located in the central Atacama Desert. The objectives of this study were: (1) to characterize the bacterial community from Lejía Lake shore soil (LLS) using 16S rRNA sequencing and (2) to test a culture-based approach using a soil extract medium (SEM) to recover soil bacteria. This extreme ecosystem was dominated by three phyla: Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes with 29.2, 28.2 and 28.1% of the relative abundance, respectively. Using SEM, we recovered 7.4% of the operational taxonomic units from LLS, all of which belonged to the same three dominant phyla from LLS (6.9% of Bacteroidetes, 77.6% of Proteobacteria, and 15.3% of Firmicutes). In addition, we used SEM to recover isolates from LLS and supplemented the culture medium with increasing salt concentrations to isolate microbial representatives of salt tolerance (Halomonas spp.). The results of this study complement the list of microbial taxa diversity from the Atacama Desert and assess a pipeline to isolate selective bacteria that could represent useful elements for biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinka Mandakovic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Avenida Blanco Encalada, 2085, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Avenida Blanco Encalada, 2085, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pulgar
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Avenida Blanco Encalada, 2085, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Genómica Aplicada, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Avenida Blanco Encalada, 2085, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Gaete
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana Urtuvia
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Center for Nanotechnology, Systems Biology and Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España, 1680, Valparaiso, Chile
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil, 2147, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Center for Nanotechnology, Systems Biology and Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España, 1680, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Verónica Cambiazo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Avenida Blanco Encalada, 2085, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Genómica Aplicada, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio González
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile.
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Avenida Blanco Encalada, 2085, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Genómica Aplicada, INTA-Universidad de Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Chile.
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152
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Tandon D, Haque MM, R. S, Shaikh S, P. S, Dubey AK, Mande SS. A snapshot of gut microbiota of an adult urban population from Western region of India. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195643. [PMID: 29624599 PMCID: PMC5889170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome contributes to a broad range of biochemical and metabolic functions that directly or indirectly affect human physiology. Several recent studies have indicated that factors like age, geographical location, genetic makeup, and individual health status significantly influence the diversity, stability, and resilience of the gut microbiome. Of the mentioned factors, geographical location (and related dietary/socio-economic context) appears to explain a significant portion of microbiome variation observed in various previously conducted base-line studies on human gut microbiome. Given this context, we have undertaken a microbiome study with the objective of cataloguing the taxonomic diversity of gut microbiomes sampled from an urban cohort from Ahmedabad city in Western India. Computational analysis of microbiome sequence data corresponding to 160 stool samples (collected from 80 healthy individuals at two time-points, 60 days apart) has indicated a Prevotella-dominated microbial community. Given that the typical diet of participants included carbohydrate and fibre-rich components (predominantly whole grains and legume-based preparations), results appear to validate the proposed correlation between diet/geography and microbiome composition. Comparative analysis of obtained gut microbiome profiles with previously published microbiome profiles from US, China, Finland, and Japan additionally reveals a distinct taxonomic and (inferred) functional niche for the sampled microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Tandon
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammed Monzoorul Haque
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Saravanan R.
- Tata Chemicals Ltd. Innovation Centre, Ambedveth, Mulshi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shafiq Shaikh
- Veeda Clinical Research Pvt. Ltd. Near IIM, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sriram P.
- Genotypic Technology (P) Ltd., Poojari Layout, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dubey
- Tata Chemicals Ltd. Innovation Centre, Ambedveth, Mulshi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail: (SSM); (AKD)
| | - Sharmila S. Mande
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail: (SSM); (AKD)
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153
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Chen Z, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. Characterization of a thermostable recombinant l-rhamnose isomerase from Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis OB47 and its application for the production of l-fructose and l-rhamnulose. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:2184-2193. [PMID: 28960307 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-Hexoses are rare sugars that are important components and precursors in the synthesis of biological compounds and pharmaceutical drugs. l-Rhamnose isomerase (L-RI, EC 5.3.1.14) is an aldose-ketose isomerase that plays a significant role in the production of l-sugars. In this study, a thermostable, l-sugar-producing L-RI from the hyperthermophile Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis OB47 was characterized. RESULTS The recombinant L-RI displayed maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 85 °C and was significantly activated by Co2+ . It exhibited a relatively high thermostability, with measured half-lives of 24.75, 11.55, 4.15 and 3.30 h in the presence of Co2+ at 70, 75, 80 and 85 °C, respectively. Specific activities of 277.6, 57.9, 13.7 and 9.6 U mg-1 were measured when l-rhamnose, l-mannose, d-allose and l-fructose were used as substrates, respectively. l-Rhamnulose was produced with conversion ratios of 44.0% and 38.6% from 25 and 50 g L-1 l-rhamnose, respectively. l-Fructose was also efficiently produced by the L-RI, with conversion ratios of 67.0% and 58.4% from 25 and 50 g L-1 l-mannose, respectively. CONCLUSION The recombinant L-RI could effectively catalyze the formation of l-rhamnulose and l-fructose, suggesting that it was a promising candidate for industrial production of l-rhamnulose and l-fructose. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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154
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Nakamura SI, Kim YH, Takashima K, Kimura A, Nagai K, Ichijo T, Sato S. Composition of the microbiota in forestomach fluids and feces of Japanese Black calves with white scours. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3949-3960. [PMID: 28992019 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of the forestomach and fecal microbiota in Japanese Black calves with white scours. Forestomach fluid, feces, and peripheral blood were collected from healthy calves ( = 5; age 10 ± 2 d) and scouring calves ( = 5; age 10 ± 1 d) on the day on which white scours occurred. The pH and concentrations of VFA, lactic acid, and ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) of the forestomach fluids were determined. Microbiota composition and gene copy numbers in the forestomach fluid and feces were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), respectively. The cytokine mRNA level in peripheral leukocytes was evaluated by qPCR. The pH of the forestomach fluid of the scouring calves tended to be higher than that of the healthy calves ( = 0.056). No significant difference was detected in the total VFA, lactic acid, or NH-N concentrations in the forestomach fluids of the 2 groups. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla in the forestomach fluid and feces. At the genus level, the relative abundance of in the forestomach fluid was significantly higher in the scouring calves ( < 0.05) and the relative abundance of in the feces was significantly higher than that in the forestomach in the healthy calves ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the bacterial diversity indices of feces were lower in the scouring calves. Quantitative PCR amplification using some of the primer pairs failed in the forestomach fluid and feces in both groups. These results suggested that fermentation in the forestomach may affect the occurrence of white scours, resulting in changes in the composition and diversity of the forestomach fluid and fecal microbiota in Japanese Black calves.
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155
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Walitang DI, Kim CG, Kim K, Kang Y, Kim YK, Sa T. The influence of host genotype and salt stress on the seed endophytic community of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:51. [PMID: 29587643 PMCID: PMC5870378 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherent characteristics and changes in the physiology of rice as it attains salt tolerance affect the colonizing bacterial endophytic communities of the rice seeds. These transmissible endophytes also serve as a source of the plant's microbial community and concurrently respond to the host and environmental conditions. This study explores the influence of the rice host as well as the impact of soil salinity on the community structure and diversity of seed bacterial endophytes of rice with varying tolerance to salt stress. Endophytic bacterial diversity was studied through culture-dependent technique and Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. RESULTS Results revealed considerably diverse communities of bacterial endophytes in the interior of rice seeds. The overall endophytic bacterial communities of the indica rice seeds based on 16S rRNA analysis of clones and isolates are dominated by phylum Proteobacteria followed by Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Community profiles show common ribotypes found in all cultivars of the indica subspecies representing potential core microbiota belonging to Curtobacterium, Flavobacterium, Enterobacter, Xanthomonas, Herbaspirillum, Microbacterium and Stenotrophomonas. Clustering analysis shows that the host genotype mainly influences the seed endophytic community of the different rice cultivars. Under salt stress conditions, endophytic communities of the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars shift their dominance to bacterial groups belonging to Flavobacterium, Pantoea, Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Kosakonia and Curtobacterium. CONCLUSION The endophytic communities of rice indica seeds are shaped by the hosts' genotype, their physiological adaptation to salt stress and phylogenetic relatedness. Under salt stress conditions, a few groups of bacterial communities become prominent causing a shift in bacterial diversity and dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver I. Walitang
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Cheongju, 281-16 South Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongyeong Kang
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Tongmin Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
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156
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Legione AR, Amery-Gale J, Lynch M, Haynes L, Gilkerson JR, Sansom FM, Devlin JM. Variation in the microbiome of the urogenital tract of Chlamydia-free female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with and without 'wet bottom'. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194881. [PMID: 29579080 PMCID: PMC5868818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are iconic Australian marsupials currently threatened by several processes, including infectious diseases and ecological disruption. Infection with Chlamydia pecorum, is considered a key driver of population decline. The clinical sign of 'wet bottom', a staining of the rump associated with urinary incontinence, is often caused by chlamydial urinary tract infections. However, wet bottom has been recorded in koalas free of C. pecorum, suggesting other causative agents in those individuals. We used 16S rRNA diversity profiling to investigate the microbiome of the urogenital tract of ten female koalas in order to identify potential causative agents of wet bottom, other than C. pecorum. Five urogenital samples were processed from koalas presenting with wet bottom and five were clinically normal. All koalas were negative for C. pecorum infection. We detected thirteen phyla across the ten samples, with Firmicutes occurring at the highest relative abundance (77.6%). The order Lactobacillales, within the Firmicutes, comprised 70.3% of the reads from all samples. After normalising reads using DESeq2 and testing for significant differences (P < 0.05), there were 25 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) more commonly found in one group over the other. The families Aerococcaceae and Tissierellaceae both had four significantly differentially abundant OTUs. These four Tissierellaceae OTUs were all significantly more abundant in koalas with wet bottom. This study provides the foundation for future investigations of causes of koala wet bottom, other than C. pecorum infection. This is of clinical relevance as wet bottom is often assumed to be caused by C. pecorum and treated accordingly. Our research highlights that other organisms may be causing wet bottom, and these potential aetiological agents need to be further investigated to fully address the problems this species faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair R. Legione
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jemima Amery-Gale
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Lynch
- Veterinary Department, Melbourne Zoo, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leesa Haynes
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - James R. Gilkerson
- Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona M. Sansom
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Devlin
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Shin KC, Kim TH, Choi JH, Oh DK. Complete Biotransformation of Protopanaxadiol-Type Ginsenosides to 20- O-β-Glucopyranosyl-20( S)-protopanaxadiol Using a Novel and Thermostable β-Glucosidase. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:2822-2829. [PMID: 29468877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The ginsenoside 20- O-β-glucopyranosyl-20( S)-protopanaxadiol, compound K, has attracted much attention in functional food, traditional medicine, and cosmetic industries because of diverse pharmaceutical activities. The effective production of compound K from ginseng extracts has been required. However, an enzyme capable of completely converting all protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides to compound K has not been reported until now. In this study, unlike other enzymes, β-glucosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii was able to hydrolyze sugar moieties such as l-arabinofuranose as well as d-glucose and l-arabinopyranose as the C-20 outer sugar in ginsenosides. Thus, ginsenoside Rc containing l-arabinofuranose can be converted to compound K by only this enzyme. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the enzyme completely converted PPD-type ginsenosides in ginseng extracts to compound K with the highest productivity among the reported results. This is the first report of the enzyme capable of completely converting all PPD-type ginsenosides into compound K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , South Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , South Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , South Korea
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158
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Zhang M, Wang N, Hu Y, Sun G. Changes in soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial community in mulberry (Morus alba L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system. Microbiologyopen 2018. [PMID: 29536644 PMCID: PMC5912001 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of tree‐based intercropping effects on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community has a potential contribution to improvement of agroforestry productivity and sustainability. In this study, we investigated the effects of mulberry/alfalfa intercropping on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial community by MiSeq sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The results showed a significant increase in the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphate, available potassium, and total carbon in the rhizosphere soil of the intercropped alfalfa. Sequencing results showed that intercropping improved bacterial richness and diversity of mulberry and alfalfa based on richness estimates and diversity indices. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were significantly higher in intercropping mulberry than in monoculture mulberry; and the abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes in the intercropping alfalfa were markedly higher than that in monoculture alfalfa. Bacterial taxa with soil nutrients cycling were enriched in the intercropping system. There were higher relative abundances of Bacillus (0.32%), Pseudomonas (0.14%), and Microbacterium (0.07%) in intercropping mulberry soil, and Bradyrhizobium (1.0%), Sphingomonas (0.56%), Pseudomonas (0.18%), Microbacterium (0.15%), Rhizobium (0.09%), Neorhizobium (0.08%), Rhodococcus (0.06%), and Burkholderia (0.04%) in intercropping alfalfa soil. Variance partition analysis showed that planting pattern contributed 26.7% of the total variation of bacterial community, and soil environmental factors explained approximately 56.5% of the total variation. This result indicated that the soil environmental factors were more important than the planting pattern in shaping the bacterial community in the field soil. Overall, mulberry/alfalfa intercropping changed soil bacterial community, which was related to changes in soil total carbon, available phosphate, and available potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Meng Zhang
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yan‐Bo Hu
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Guang‐Yu Sun
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
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159
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Olivares M, Walker AW, Capilla A, Benítez-Páez A, Palau F, Parkhill J, Castillejo G, Sanz Y. Gut microbiota trajectory in early life may predict development of celiac disease. Microbiome 2018; 6:36. [PMID: 29458413 PMCID: PMC5819212 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether alterations in the developing intestinal microbiota and immune markers precede celiac disease (CD) onset in infants at familial risk of developing the disease. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out as part of a larger prospective cohort study, which included healthy full-term newborns (> 200) with at least one first relative with biopsy-verified CD. The present study includes cases of CD (n = 10) and the best-matched controls (n = 10) who did not develop the disease after 5-year follow-up. Fecal microbiota, assessed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and immune parameters were profiled at 4 and 6 months of age and related to CD onset. RESULTS The microbiota of infants who remained healthy showed an increase in bacterial diversity over time, characterized by increases in Firmicutes families, but not those who developed CD. Infants who subsequently developed CD showed a significant reduction in sIgA levels over time, while those who remained healthy showed increases in TNF-α correlated to Bifidobacterium spp. An increased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum was associated with control children while increased proportions of Bifidobacterium breve and Enterococcus spp. were associated with CD development. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that alterations in the early trajectory of gut microbiota in infants at CD risk could influence the immune maturation process and predispose to CD, although larger population studies are warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olivares
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alan W. Walker
- Gut Health Group, The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Amalia Capilla
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, National Research Council (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Center for regenerative medicine, Boston university school of medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, National Research Council (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Castillejo
- Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, URV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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160
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Liu J, Abdelfattah A, Norelli J, Burchard E, Schena L, Droby S, Wisniewski M. Apple endophytic microbiota of different rootstock/scion combinations suggests a genotype-specific influence. Microbiome 2018; 6:18. [PMID: 29374490 PMCID: PMC5787276 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput amplicon sequencing spanning conserved portions of microbial genomes (16s rRNA and ITS) was used in the present study to describe the endophytic microbiota associated with three apple varieties, "Royal Gala," "Golden Delicious," and "Honey Crisp," and two rootstocks, M.9 and M.M.111. The objectives were to (1) determine if the microbiota differs in different rootstocks and apple varieties and (2) determine if specific rootstock-scion combinations influence the microbiota composition of either component. RESULTS Results indicated that Ascomycota (47.8%), Zygomycota (31.1%), and Basidiomycota (11.6%) were the dominant fungal phyla across all samples. The majority of bacterial sequences were assigned to Proteobacteria (58.4%), Firmicutes (23.8%), Actinobacteria (7.7%), Bacteroidetes (2%), and Fusobacteria (0.4%). Rootstocks appeared to influence the microbiota of associated grafted scion, but the effect was not statistically significant. Pedigree also had an impact on the composition of the endophytic microbiota, where closely-related cultivars had a microbial community that was more similar to each other than it was to a scion cultivar that was more distantly-related by pedigree. The more vigorous rootstock (M.M.111) was observed to possess a greater number of growth-promoting bacterial taxa, relative to the dwarfing rootstock (M.9). CONCLUSIONS The mechanism by which an apple genotype, either rootstock or scion, has a determinant effect on the composition of a microbial community is not known. The similarity of the microbiota in samples with a similar pedigree suggests the possibility of some level of co-evolution or selection as proposed by the "holobiont" concept in which metaorganisms have co-evolved. Clearly, however, the present information is only suggestive, and a more comprehensive analysis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Institute of Special Plants/College of Forestry and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - John Norelli
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Erik Burchard
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Samir Droby
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
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Frolov EN, Zayulina KS, Kopitsyn DS, Kublanov IV, Bonch-Osmolovskaya EA, Chernyh NA. Desulfothermobacter acidiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermoacidophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a terrestrial hot spring. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:871-875. [PMID: 29458537 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An anaerobic sulfate-reducing micro-organism, strain 3408-1T, was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring in Kamchatka peninsula (Russia). The cells were spore-forming rods with a Gram-positive type of cell wall. The new isolate was a moderately thermoacidophilic anaerobe able to grow either by sulfate or thiosulfate respiration with H2 or formate as substrates, or by fermenting yeast extract, maltose, sucrose, glucose and pyruvate. The fermentation products were acetate, CO2 and H2. The pH range for growth was 2.9-6.5, with an optimum at 4.5. The temperature range for growth was 42-70 °C, with an optimum at 55 °C. The G+C content of DNA was 58 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain 3408-1T belongs to the family Thermoanaerobacteraceae, order Thermoanaerobacterales and was distantly related to the species of the genus Ammonifex(93-94 % sequence similarity). On the basis of physiological properties and results of phylogenetic analysis, strain 3408-1T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Desulfothermobacter acidiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3408-1T (=DSM 105356T=VKM B-3183T).
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Frolov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS, 33-2 Leninsky prospect, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - K S Zayulina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS, 33-2 Leninsky prospect, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Kopitsyn
- Gubkin University, 65-1 Leninskiy prospect, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Kublanov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS, 33-2 Leninsky prospect, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Bonch-Osmolovskaya
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS, 33-2 Leninsky prospect, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Chernyh
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS, 33-2 Leninsky prospect, 119071, Moscow, Russia
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162
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Koskinen K, Reichert JL, Hoier S, Schachenreiter J, Duller S, Moissl-Eichinger C, Schöpf V. The nasal microbiome mirrors and potentially shapes olfactory function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1296. [PMID: 29358754 PMCID: PMC5778015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory function is a key sense for human well-being and health, with olfactory dysfunction having been linked to serious diseases. As the microbiome is involved in normal olfactory epithelium development, we explored the relationship between olfactory function (odor threshold, discrimination, identification) and nasal microbiome in 67 healthy volunteers. Twenty-eight subjects were found to have normal olfactory function, 29 had a particularly good sense of smell ("good normosmics") and 10 were hyposmic. Microbial community composition differed significantly between the three olfactory groups. In particular, butyric acid-producing microorganisms were found to be associated with impaired olfactory function. We describe the first insights of the potential interplay between the olfactory epithelium microbial community and olfactory function, and suggest that the microbiome composition is able to mirror and potentially shape olfactory function by producing strong odor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Koskinen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johanna L Reichert
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Hoier
- Hanusch Krankenhaus Vienna, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefanie Duller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Veronika Schöpf
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Rudi K, Angell IL, Pope PB, Vik JO, Sandve SR, Snipen LG. Stable Core Gut Microbiota across the Freshwater-to-Saltwater Transition for Farmed Atlantic Salmon. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01974-17. [PMID: 29101198 PMCID: PMC5752857 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01974-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota associations through habitat transitions are fundamentally important yet poorly understood. One such habitat transition is the migration from freshwater to saltwater for anadromous fish, such as salmon. The aim of the current work was therefore to determine the freshwater-to-saltwater transition impact on the gut microbiota in farmed Atlantic salmon, with dietary interventions resembling freshwater and saltwater diets with respect to fatty acid composition. Using deep 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR, we found that the freshwater-to-saltwater transition had a major association with the microbiota composition and quantity, while diet did not show significant associations with the microbiota. In saltwater there was a 100-fold increase in bacterial quantity, with a relative increase of Firmicutes and a relative decrease of both Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria Irrespective of an overall shift in microbiota composition from freshwater to saltwater, we identified three core clostridia and one Lactobacillus-affiliated phylotype with wide geographic distribution that were highly prevalent and co-occurring. Taken together, our results support the importance of the dominating bacteria in the salmon gut, with the freshwater microbiota being immature. Due to the low number of potentially host-associated bacterial species in the salmon gut, we believe that farmed salmon can represent an important model for future understanding of host-bacterium interactions in aquatic environments.IMPORTANCE Little is known about factors affecting the interindividual distribution of gut bacteria in aquatic environments. We have shown that there is a core of four highly prevalent and co-occurring bacteria irrespective of feed and freshwater-to-saltwater transition. The potential host interactions of the core bacteria, however, need to be elucidated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Inga Leena Angell
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Phillip B Pope
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jon Olav Vik
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Lars-Gustav Snipen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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164
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Auffret MD, Dewhurst RJ, Duthie CA, Rooke JA, John Wallace R, Freeman TC, Stewart R, Watson M, Roehe R. The rumen microbiome as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity genes is directly affected by diet in beef cattle. Microbiome 2017; 5:159. [PMID: 29228991 PMCID: PMC5725880 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is the most urgent current threat to human and animal health. An improved understanding of the abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes and genes associated with microbial colonisation and pathogenicity in the animal gut will have a major role in reducing the contribution of animal production to this problem. Here, the influence of diet on the ruminal resistome and abundance of pathogenicity genes was assessed in ruminal digesta samples taken from 50 antibiotic-free beef cattle, comprising four cattle breeds receiving two diets containing different proportions of concentrate. RESULTS Two hundred and four genes associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), colonisation, communication or pathogenicity functions were identified from 4966 metagenomic genes using KEGG identification. Both the diversity and abundance of these genes were higher in concentrate-fed animals. Chloramphenicol and microcin resistance genes were dominant in samples from forage-fed animals (P < 0.001), while aminoglycoside and streptomycin resistances were enriched in concentrate-fed animals. The concentrate-based diet also increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, which includes many animal and zoonotic pathogens. A high ratio of Proteobacteria to (Firmicutes + Bacteroidetes) was confirmed as a good indicator for rumen dysbiosis, with eight cases all from concentrate-fed animals. Finally, network analysis demonstrated that the resistance/pathogenicity genes are potentially useful as biomarkers for health risk assessment of the ruminal microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Diet has important effects on the complement of AMR genes in the rumen microbial community, with potential implications for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R. John Wallace
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Tom C. Freeman
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Edinburgh Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Mick Watson
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG UK
- Edinburgh Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG UK
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165
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Kanokratana P, Wongwilaiwalin S, Mhuantong W, Tangphatsornruang S, Eurwilaichitr L, Champreda V. Characterization of cellulolytic microbial consortium enriched on Napier grass using metagenomic approaches. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 125:439-447. [PMID: 29169786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Energy grass is a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. However, the conversion efficiency is limited by the enzymatically recalcitrant nature of cellulosic wastes. In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. The consortium was active on degradation of the native and delignified grass. Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Sarunyou Wongwilaiwalin
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- Genomic Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Lily Eurwilaichitr
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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166
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Rogier R, Evans-Marin H, Manasson J, van der Kraan PM, Walgreen B, Helsen MM, van den Bersselaar LA, van de Loo FA, van Lent PL, Abramson SB, van den Berg WB, Koenders MI, Scher JU, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S. Alteration of the intestinal microbiome characterizes preclinical inflammatory arthritis in mice and its modulation attenuates established arthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15613. [PMID: 29142301 PMCID: PMC5688157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations of the intestinal microbiome have been observed in patients with new-onset and chronic autoimmune inflammatory arthritis. However, it is currently unknown whether these alterations precede the development of arthritis or are rather a consequence of disease. Modulation of intestinal microbiota by oral antibiotics or germ-free condition can prevent arthritis in mice. Yet, the therapeutic potential of modulation of the microbiota after the onset of arthritis is not well characterized. We here show that the intestinal microbial community undergoes marked changes in the preclinical phase of collagen induced arthritis (CIA). The abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, specifically families S24-7 and Bacteroidaceae was reduced, whereas Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrinocaceae, were expanded during the immune-priming phase of arthritis. In addition, we found that the abundance of lamina propria Th17, but not Th1, cells is highly correlated with the severity of arthritis. Elimination of the intestinal microbiota during established arthritis specifically reduced intestinal Th17 cells and attenuated arthritis. These effects were associated with reduced serum amyloid A expression in ileum and synovial tissue. Our observations suggest that intestinal microbiota perturbations precede arthritis, and that modulation of the intestinal microbiota after the onset of arthritis may offer therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rogier
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heather Evans-Marin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Julia Manasson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Walgreen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M Helsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fons A van de Loo
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L van Lent
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven B Abramson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose U Scher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Shahla Abdollahi-Roodsaz
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.
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167
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Zhu Z, Noel SJ, Difford GF, Al-Soud WA, Brejnrod A, Sørensen SJ, Lassen J, Løvendahl P, Højberg O. Community structure of the metabolically active rumen bacterial and archaeal communities of dairy cows over the transition period. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187858. [PMID: 29117259 PMCID: PMC5678694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows experience dramatic changes in host physiology from gestation to lactation period and dietary switch from high-forage prepartum diet to high-concentrate postpartum diet over the transition period (parturition +/- three weeks). Understanding the community structure and activity of the rumen microbiota and its associative patterns over the transition period may provide insight for e.g. improving animal health and production. In the present study, rumen samples from ten primiparous Holstein dairy cows were collected over seven weeks spanning the transition period. Total RNA was extracted from the rumen samples and cDNA thereof was subsequently used for characterizing the metabolically active bacterial (16S rRNA transcript amplicon sequencing) and archaeal (qPCR, T-RFLP and mcrA and 16S rRNA transcript amplicon sequencing) communities. The metabolically active bacterial community was dominated by three phyla, showing significant changes in relative abundance range over the transition period: Firmicutes (from prepartum 57% to postpartum 35%), Bacteroidetes (from prepartum 22% to postpartum 18%) and Proteobacteria (from prepartum 7% to postpartum 32%). For the archaea, qPCR analysis of 16S rRNA transcript number, revealed a significant prepartum to postpartum increase in Methanobacteriales, in accordance with an observed increase (from prepartum 80% to postpartum 89%) in relative abundance of 16S rRNA transcript amplicons allocated to this order. On the other hand, a significant prepartum to postpartum decrease (from 15% to 2%) was observed in relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccales 16S rRNA transcripts. In contrast to qPCR analysis of the 16S rRNA transcripts, quantification of mcrA transcripts revealed no change in total abundance of metabolically active methanogens over the transition period. According to T-RFLP analysis of the mcrA transcripts, two Methanobacteriales genera, Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera (represented by the T-RFs 39 and 267 bp), represented more than 70% of the metabolically active methanogens, showing no significant changes over the transition period; minor T-RFs, likely to represent members of the order Methanomassiliicoccales and with a relative abundance below 5% in total, decreased significantly over the transition period. In accordance with the T-RFLP analysis, the mcrA transcript amplicon sequencing revealed Methanobacteriales to cover 99% of the total reads, dominated by the genera Methanobrevibacter (75%) and Methanosphaera (24%), whereas the Methanomassiliicoccales order covered only 0.2% of the total reads. In conclusion, the present study showed that the structure of the metabolically active bacterial and archaeal rumen communities changed over the transition period, likely in response to the dramatic changes in physiology and nutritional factors like dry matter intake and feed composition. It should be noted however that for the methanogens, the observed community changes were influenced by the analyzed gene (mcrA or 16S rRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- * E-mail: (OH); (ZZ)
| | | | - Gareth Frank Difford
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Waleed Abu Al-Soud
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asker Brejnrod
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Lassen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Løvendahl
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- * E-mail: (OH); (ZZ)
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Losey NA, Mus F, Peters JW, Le HM, McInerney MJ. Syntrophomonas wolfei Uses an NADH-Dependent, Ferredoxin-Independent [FeFe]-Hydrogenase To Reoxidize NADH. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e01335-17. [PMID: 28802265 PMCID: PMC5626996 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01335-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntrophomonas wolfei syntrophically oxidizes short-chain fatty acids (four to eight carbons in length) when grown in coculture with a hydrogen- and/or formate-using methanogen. The oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A (CoA), formed during butyrate metabolism, results in the production of NADH. The enzyme systems involved in NADH reoxidation in S. wolfei are not well understood. The genome of S. wolfei contains a multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase that may be a mechanism for NADH reoxidation. The S. wolfei genes for the multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase (hyd1ABC; SWOL_RS05165, SWOL_RS05170, SWOL_RS05175) and [FeFe]-hydrogenase maturation proteins (SWOL_RS05180, SWOL_RS05190, SWOL_RS01625) were coexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant Hyd1ABC was purified and characterized. The purified recombinant Hyd1ABC was a heterotrimer with an αβγ configuration and a molecular mass of 115 kDa. Hyd1ABC contained 29.2 ± 1.49 mol of Fe and 0.7 mol of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) per mole enzyme. The purified, recombinant Hyd1ABC reduced NAD+ and oxidized NADH without the presence of ferredoxin. The HydB subunit of the S. wolfei multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase lacks two iron-sulfur centers that are present in known confurcating NADH- and ferredoxin-dependent [FeFe]-hydrogenases. Hyd1ABC is a NADH-dependent hydrogenase that produces hydrogen from NADH without the need of reduced ferredoxin, which differs from confurcating [FeFe]-hydrogenases. Hyd1ABC provides a mechanism by which S. wolfei can reoxidize NADH produced during syntrophic butyrate oxidation when low hydrogen partial pressures are maintained by a hydrogen-consuming microorganism.IMPORTANCE Our work provides mechanistic understanding of the obligate metabolic coupling that occurs between hydrogen-producing fatty and aromatic acid-degrading microorganisms and their hydrogen-consuming partners in the process called syntrophy (feeding together). The multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase used NADH without the involvement of reduced ferredoxin. The multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase would produce hydrogen from NADH only when hydrogen concentrations were low. Hydrogen production from NADH by Syntrophomonas wolfei would likely cease before any detectable amount of cell growth occurred. Thus, continual hydrogen production requires the presence of a hydrogen-consuming partner to keep hydrogen concentrations low and explains, in part, the obligate requirement that S. wolfei has for a hydrogen-consuming partner organism during growth on butyrate. We have successfully expressed genes encoding a multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase in E. coli, demonstrating that such an approach can be advantageous to characterize complex redox proteins from difficult-to-culture microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Losey
- Department of Plant Biology and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Florence Mus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - John W Peters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Huynh M Le
- Department of Plant Biology and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael J McInerney
- Department of Plant Biology and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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Wang F, Huang ZA, Chen X, Zhu Z, Wen Z, Zhao J, Yan GY. LRLSHMDA: Laplacian Regularized Least Squares for Human Microbe-Disease Association prediction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7601. [PMID: 28790448 PMCID: PMC5548838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of evidences indicate microbes are implicated in human physiological mechanisms, including complicated disease pathology. Some microbes have been demonstrated to be associated with diverse important human diseases or disorders. Through investigating these disease-related microbes, we can obtain a better understanding of human disease mechanisms for advancing medical scientific progress in terms of disease diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis and drug discovery. Based on the known microbe-disease association network, we developed a semi-supervised computational model of Laplacian Regularized Least Squares for Human Microbe-Disease Association (LRLSHMDA) by introducing Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity calculation and Laplacian regularized least squares classifier. LRLSHMDA reached the reliable AUCs of 0.8909 and 0.7657 based on the global and local leave-one-out cross validations, respectively. In the framework of 5-fold cross validation, average AUC value of 0.8794 +/-0.0029 further demonstrated its promising prediction ability. In case studies, 9, 9 and 8 of top-10 predicted microbes have been manually certified to be associated with asthma, colorectal carcinoma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by published literature evidence. Our proposed model achieves better prediction performance relative to the previous model. We expect that LRLSHMDA could offer insights into identifying more promising human microbe-disease associations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhi-An Huang
- College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Zexuan Zhu
- College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Zhenkun Wen
- College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiyun Zhao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Gui-Ying Yan
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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170
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Chen Q, Levin R, Zhang W, Zhang T, Jiang B, Stressler T, Fischer L, Mu W. Characterisation of a novel cellobiose 2-epimerase from thermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis for lactulose production. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:3095-3105. [PMID: 27873314 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactulose, a bioactive lactose derivative, has been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Isomerisation of lactose to lactulose by cellobiose 2-epimerase (CE) has recently attracted increasing attention, since CE produces lactulose with high yield from lactose as a single substrate. In this study, a new lactulose-producing CE from Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis was extensively characterised. RESULTS The recombinant enzyme exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.5 and 70 °C. It displayed high thermostability with Tm of 86.7 °C. The half-life was calculated to be 8.1, 2.8 and 0.6 h at 75, 80, and 85 °C, respectively. When lactose was used as substrate, epilactose was rapidly produced in a short period, and afterwards both epilactose and lactose were steadily isomerised to lactulose, with a final ratio of 35:11:54 for lactose:epilactose:lactulose. When the reverse reaction was investigated using lactulose as substrate, both lactose and epilactose appeared to be steadily produced from the start. CONCLUSION The recombinant CE showed both epimerisation and isomerisation activities against lactose, making it an alternative promising biocatalyst candidate for lactulose production. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Roman Levin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstr. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Timo Stressler
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstr. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstr. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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171
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Pagaling E, Vassileva K, Mills CG, Bush T, Blythe RA, Schwarz-Linek J, Strathdee F, Allen RJ, Free A. Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3374-3386. [PMID: 28677203 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results show that initially similar microbial communities can follow alternative - yet stable - trajectories, diverging in time in a system size-dependent manner. The divergence between replicate communities increased in time and decreased with larger system size. In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. The communities dominated by these two phyla also contained distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria. This biomodality in community composition appeared to arise during recovery from a low-diversity state that followed initial cellulose degradation and sulphate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulyn Pagaling
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kristin Vassileva
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine G Mills
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy Bush
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Blythe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Fiona Strathdee
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosalind J Allen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew Free
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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172
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Tanca A, Abbondio M, Palomba A, Fraumene C, Manghina V, Cucca F, Fiorillo E, Uzzau S. Potential and active functions in the gut microbiota of a healthy human cohort. Microbiome 2017; 5:79. [PMID: 28709472 PMCID: PMC5513205 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the gut microbiota (GM) is rapidly moving towards its functional characterization by means of shotgun meta-omics. In this context, there is still no consensus on which microbial functions are consistently and constitutively expressed in the human gut in physiological conditions. Here, we selected a cohort of 15 healthy subjects from a native and highly monitored Sardinian population and analyzed their GMs using shotgun metaproteomics, with the aim of investigating GM functions actually expressed in a healthy human population. In addition, shotgun metagenomics was employed to reveal GM functional potential and to compare metagenome and metaproteome profiles in a combined taxonomic and functional fashion. RESULTS Metagenomic and metaproteomic data concerning the taxonomic structure of the GM under study were globally comparable. On the contrary, a considerable divergence between genetic potential and functional activity of the human healthy GM was observed, with the metaproteome displaying a higher plasticity, compared to the lower inter-individual variability of metagenome profiles. The taxon-specific contribution to functional activities and metabolic tasks was also examined, giving insights into the peculiar role of several GM members in carbohydrate metabolism (including polysaccharide degradation, glycan transport, glycolysis, and short-chain fatty acid production). Noteworthy, Firmicutes-driven butyrogenesis (mainly due to Faecalibacterium spp.) was shown to be the metabolic activity with the highest expression rate and the lowest inter-individual variability in the study cohort, in line with the previously reported importance of the biosynthesis of this microbial product for the gut homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide detailed and taxon-specific information regarding functions and pathways actively working in a healthy GM. The reported discrepancy between expressed functions and functional potential suggests that caution should be used before drawing functional conclusions from metagenomic data, further supporting metaproteomics as a fundamental approach to characterize the human GM metabolic functions and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tanca
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, S.P. 55 Porto Conte - Capo Caccia km 8,400, Località Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, SS, Italy
| | - Marcello Abbondio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Palomba
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, S.P. 55 Porto Conte - Capo Caccia km 8,400, Località Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, SS, Italy
| | - Cristina Fraumene
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, S.P. 55 Porto Conte - Capo Caccia km 8,400, Località Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, SS, Italy
| | - Valeria Manghina
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, S.P. 55 Porto Conte - Capo Caccia km 8,400, Località Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, SS, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Uzzau
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, S.P. 55 Porto Conte - Capo Caccia km 8,400, Località Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, SS, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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173
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Pereira APDA, de Andrade PAM, Bini D, Durrer A, Robin A, Bouillet JP, Andreote FD, Cardoso EJBN. Shifts in the bacterial community composition along deep soil profiles in monospecific and mixed stands of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180371. [PMID: 28686690 PMCID: PMC5501519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the rhizosphere bacterial communities in deep soils and the role of Eucalyptus and Acacia on the structure of these communities remains very limited. In this study, we targeted the bacterial community along a depth profile (0 to 800 cm) and compared community structure in monospecific or mixed plantations of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis. We applied quantitative PCR (qPCR) and sequence the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize composition of bacterial communities. We identified a decrease in bacterial abundance with soil depth, and differences in community patterns between monospecific and mixed cultivations. Sequence analysis indicated a prevalent effect of soil depth on bacterial communities in the mixed plant cultivation system, and a remarkable differentiation of bacterial communities in areas solely cultivated with Eucalyptus. The groups most influenced by soil depth were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria (more frequent in samples between 0 and 300 cm). The predominant bacterial groups differentially displayed in the monospecific stands of Eucalyptus were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Our results suggest that the addition of an N2-fixing tree in a monospecific cultivation system modulates bacterial community composition even at a great depth. We conclude that co-cultivation systems may represent a key strategy to improve soil resources and to establish more sustainable cultivation of Eucalyptus in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira
- Departament of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, ESALQ/USP, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (APDAP); (EJBNC)
| | - Pedro Avelino Maia de Andrade
- Departament of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, ESALQ/USP, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bini
- University Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ademir Durrer
- Departament of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, ESALQ/USP, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agnès Robin
- Agricultural Research for Development, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fernando Dini Andreote
- Departament of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, ESALQ/USP, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
- Departament of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, ESALQ/USP, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (APDAP); (EJBNC)
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174
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Singh N, Vats A, Sharma A, Arora A, Kumar A. The development of lower respiratory tract microbiome in mice. Microbiome 2017; 5:61. [PMID: 28637485 PMCID: PMC5479047 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although culture-independent methods have paved the way for characterization of the lung microbiome, the dynamic changes in the lung microbiome from neonatal stage to adult age have not been investigated. RESULTS In this study, we tracked changes in composition and diversity of the lung microbiome in C57BL/6N mice, starting from 1-week-old neonates to 8-week-old mice. Towards this, the lungs were sterilely excised from mice of different ages from 1 to 8 weeks. High-throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene followed by composition and diversity analysis was utilized to decipher the microbiome in these samples. Microbiome analysis suggests that the changes in the lung microbiome correlated with age. The lung microbiome was primarily dominated by phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria in all the stages from week 1 to week 8 after birth. Although Defluvibacter was the predominant genus in 1-week-old neonatal mice, Streptococcus became the dominant genus at the age of 2 weeks. Lactobacillus, Defluvibacter, Streptococcus, and Achromobacter were the dominant genera in 3-week-old mice, while Lactobacillus and Achromobacter were the most abundant genera in 4-week-old mice. Interestingly, relatively greater diversity (at the genus level) during the age of 5 to 6 weeks was observed as compared to the earlier weeks. The diversity of the lung microbiome remained stable between 6 and 8 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have tracked the development of the lung microbiome in mice from an early age of 1 week to adulthood. The lung microbiome is dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. However, dynamic changes were observed at the genus level. Relatively higher richness in the microbial diversity was achieved by age of 6 weeks and then maintained at later ages. We believe that this study improves our understanding of the development of the mice lung microbiome and will facilitate further analyses of the role of the lung microbiome in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Asheema Vats
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Amit Arora
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), Chandigarh, India.
- Present Address: Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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175
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Ye J, Yan J, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Liu X, Zhou H, Wang G, Hao H, Ma K, Ma Y, Mao D, Yang X. The effects of threshing and redrying on bacterial communities that inhabit the surface of tobacco leaves. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4279-4287. [PMID: 28184985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Before being subjected to the aging process, raw tobacco leaves (TLs) must be threshed and redried. We propose that threshing and redrying affect the bacterial communities that inhabit the TL surface, thereby influencing the aging process. However, these effects remain unclear. In this study, Illumina sequencing was applied to analyze the bacterial communities on both raw and redried TLs. Shannon's diversity value decreased from 3.38 to 2.52 after the threshing and redrying processes, indicating a large reduction in TL bacterial diversity. The bacterial communities also largely differed between raw TLs and redried TLs. On unaged raw TLs, Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum (56.15%), followed by Firmicutes (38.99%). In contrast, on unaged redried TLs, Firmicutes (76.49%) was the most dominant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria (21.30%). Thus, the dominant genus Proteobacteria, which includes Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Pantoea, decreased after the threshing and redrying processes, while the dominant genus Firmicutes, which includes Bacillus and Lactococcus, increased. Changes in the bacterial communities between raw and redried TLs were also noted after 1 year of aging. The relative abundance of dominant Proteobacteria taxa on raw TLs decreased from 56.15 to 16.92%, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes taxa increased from 38.99 to 79.10%. However, small changes were observed on redried TLs after 1 year of aging, with a slight decrease in Proteobacteria (21.30 to 17.64%) and a small increase in Firmicutes (76.49 to 79.10%). Based on these results, Firmicutes taxa may have a higher tolerance for extreme environments (such as high temperature or low moisture) than Proteobacteria bacteria. This study is the first report to examine the effects of threshing and redrying on bacterial communities that inhabit TLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Dongfeng Road, 5#, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Ji Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Dongfeng Road, 5#, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zongcan Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiangzhen Liu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Genfa Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hui Hao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Dongfeng Road, 5#, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Yuping Ma
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Duobin Mao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Dongfeng Road, 5#, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China.
| | - Xuepeng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Dongfeng Road, 5#, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China.
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176
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Guard BC, Mila H, Steiner JM, Mariani C, Suchodolski JS, Chastant-Maillard S. Characterization of the fecal microbiome during neonatal and early pediatric development in puppies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175718. [PMID: 28448583 PMCID: PMC5407640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited information is available describing the development of the neonatal fecal microbiome in dogs. Feces from puppies were collected at 2, 21, 42, and 56 days after birth. Feces were also collected from the puppies’ mothers at a single time point within 24 hours after parturition. DNA was extracted from fecal samples and 454-pyrosequencing was used to profile 16S rRNA genes. Species richness continued to increase significantly from 2 days of age until 42 days of age in puppies. Furthermore, microbial communities clustered separately from each other at 2, 21, and 42 days of age. The microbial communities belonging to dams clustered separately from that of puppies at any given time point. Major phylogenetic changes were noted at all taxonomic levels with the most profound changes being a shift from primarily Firmicutes in puppies at 2 days of age to a co-dominance of Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes by 21 days of age. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between puppy microbiota development, physiological growth, neonatal survival, and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake C. Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hanna Mila
- NeoCare, IHAP, Reproduction, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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177
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Ren W, Zhang Q, Liu X, Zheng S, Ma L, Chen F, Xu T, Xu B. Exploring the oral microflora of preschool children. J Microbiol 2017; 55:531-537. [PMID: 28434085 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is one of the most important and complicated habitats in our body and supports diverse microbial communities. In this study, we aimed to determine the bacterial diversity and composition of various oral micro-niches. Samples were collected from supragingival plaque, saliva, and tongue coating from 10 preschool children (30 samples total). 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing dataset generated 314,639 clean reads with an average of 10,488 ± 2,787 reads per sample. The phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria were predominant, accounting for more than 90% of the total sequences. We found the highest α diversity, microbial richness, and evenness in plaque, compared with saliva and tongue coating. Plaque was also distinguished from saliva and tongue coating by phylogenetic distances (weighted UniFrac). Taxa with different relative abundances were further identified, confirming the existence of microbial differences across the three niches. Core microbiomes were defined of each niche; however, only a small proportion of operational taxonomic units (8.07%) were shared by the three niches. Coaggregation between Actinomyces spp. and Streptococcus spp. and other correlations among periodontal pathogens, such as Prevotella, Fusobacteria, Capnocytophaga, and Tannerella, were shown by a co-occurrence network. In summary, our study provides a framework of oral microbial communities in the population of preschool children as a baseline for further studies of oral diseases related to microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ren
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xuenan Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lili Ma
- Stomatology Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- Stomatology Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
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178
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Kurth D, Amadio A, Ordoñez OF, Albarracín VH, Gärtner W, Farías ME. Arsenic metabolism in high altitude modern stromatolites revealed by metagenomic analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1024. [PMID: 28432307 PMCID: PMC5430908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern stromatolites thrive only in selected locations in the world. Socompa Lake, located in the Andean plateau at 3570 masl, is one of the numerous extreme Andean microbial ecosystems described over recent years. Extreme environmental conditions include hypersalinity, high UV incidence, and high arsenic content, among others. After Socompa's stromatolite microbial communities were analysed by metagenomic DNA sequencing, taxonomic classification showed dominance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and a remarkably high number of unclassified sequences. A functional analysis indicated that carbon fixation might occur not only by the Calvin-Benson cycle, but also through alternative pathways such as the reverse TCA cycle, and the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway. Deltaproteobacteria were involved both in sulfate reduction and nitrogen fixation. Significant differences were found when comparing the Socompa stromatolite metagenome to the Shark Bay (Australia) smooth mat metagenome: namely, those involving stress related processes, particularly, arsenic resistance. An in-depth analysis revealed a surprisingly diverse metabolism comprising all known types of As resistance and energy generating pathways. While the ars operon was the main mechanism, an important abundance of arsM genes was observed in selected phyla. The data resulting from this work will prove a cornerstone for further studies on this rare microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kurth
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales y Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CCT Tucumán, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ariel Amadio
- E.E.A. Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CCT Santa Fe, CONICET, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Omar F Ordoñez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales y Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CCT Tucumán, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Virginia H Albarracín
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales y Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CCT Tucumán, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Wolfgang Gärtner
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - María E Farías
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales y Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CCT Tucumán, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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179
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Hou J, Li M, Mao X, Hao Y, Ding J, Liu D, Xi B, Liu H. Response of microbial community of organic-matter-impoverished arable soil to long-term application of soil conditioner derived from dynamic rapid fermentation of food waste. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175715. [PMID: 28419163 PMCID: PMC5395176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid fermentation of food waste can be used to prepare soil conditioner. This process consumes less time and is more cost-effective than traditional preparation technology. However, the succession of the soil microbial community structure after long-term application of rapid fermentation-derived soil conditioners remains unclear. Herein, dynamic rapid fermentation (DRF) of food waste was performed to develop a soil conditioner and the successions and diversity of bacterial communities in an organic-matter-impoverished arable soil after six years of application of DRF-derived soil conditioner were investigated. Results showed that the treatment increased soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation and strawberry yield by 5.3 g/kg and 555.91 kg/ha, respectively. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes became the dominant phyla, occupying 65.95%–77.52% of the bacterial sequences. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the soil bacterial communities were largely influenced by the treatment. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the relative abundances of Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, Nitrospirae, and Firmicutes were significantly correlated with soil TC, TN, TP, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, OM, and moisture. These communities were all distributed in the soil samples collected in the sixth year of application. Long-term treatment did not enhance the diversity of bacterial species but significantly altered the distribution of major functional bacterial communities in the soils. Application of DRF-derived soil conditioner could improve the soil quality and optimize the microbial community, ultimately enhancing fruit yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (ML)
| | - Xuhui Mao
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (ML)
| | - Hongliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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180
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Xie Y, Hong S, Kim S, Zhang X, Yang J, Giesy JP, Wang T, Lu Y, Yu H, Khim JS. Ecogenomic responses of benthic communities under multiple stressors along the marine and adjacent riverine areas of northern Bohai Sea, China. Chemosphere 2017; 172:166-174. [PMID: 28068568 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Benthic communities in the aquatic ecosystem are influenced by both natural and anthropogenic stressors. To understand the ecogenomic responses of sediment communities to the multiple stressors of polluted environments, the bacteria, protistan and metazoan communities in sediments from marine and adjacent riverine areas of North Bohai Sea were characterized by environmental DNA meta-systematics, and their associations with environmental variables were assessed by multiple statistical approaches. The bacterial communities were dominated by Firmicutes (mean 22.4%), Proteobacteria (mean 21.6%) and Actinobacteria (mean 21.5%). The protistan communities were dominated by Ochrophyta (33.7%), Cercozoa (18.9%) and Ciliophora (17.9%). Arthropoda (71.1%) dominated the metazoan communities in sediments. The structures of communities in sediments were shaped by both natural variables (spatial variability and/or salinity (presented as Na and Ca)) and anthropogenic contaminants, including DDTs, PAHs or metals (Cu, Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni and Zn). Particularly, the correlation network of multiple communities was modulated by the concentrations of Na and DDTs at the family level. Overall, environmental DNA meta-systematics can provide a powerful tool for biomonitoring, sediment quality assessment, and key stressors identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjin Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210003, China.
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210003, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Tieyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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181
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Soto Del Rio MDLD, Dalmasso A, Civera T, Bottero MT. Characterization of bacterial communities of donkey milk by high-throughput sequencing. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 251:67-72. [PMID: 28431310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The interest in donkey milk (DM) is growing because of its functional properties and nutritional value, especially for children with allergies and food intolerances. However, most of the available reports of DM microbiota are based on culture-dependent methods to investigate food safety issues and the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The aim of this study was to determine the composition of DM bacterial communities using a high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approach. Bulk milk samples from Italian donkey dairy farms from two consecutive years were analysed using the MiSeq Illumina platform. All sample reads were classified into five phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The most prevalent genera-Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Acinetobacter, Cupriavidus, Citrobacter and Sphingobacterium-were Gram-negative bacteria. The core microbiota was composed of genera that comprise commonly associated milk bacteria, LAB and species normally found in soil, water and plants. Reads assigned to LAB genera-Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Carnobacterium-corresponded on average to 2.55% of the total reads per sample. Among these, the distribution of reads assigned to coccus- and bacillus-shaped LAB was variable between and within the farms, confirming their presence and suggesting a complex population of these bacteria in DM. The present study represents a general snapshot of the DM microbial population, underlining its variability and motivating further studies for the exploitation of the technological potential of bacteria naturally present in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Dalmasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Civera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Bottero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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182
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Prazeres M, Ainsworth T, Roberts TE, Pandolfi JM, Leggat W. Symbiosis and microbiome flexibility in calcifying benthic foraminifera of the Great Barrier Reef. Microbiome 2017; 5:38. [PMID: 28335814 PMCID: PMC5364595 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symbiosis is a phenomenon that allows organisms to colonise a wide range of environments and occupy a variety of ecological niches in marine environments. Large benthic foraminifera (LBF) are crucial marine calcifiers that rely on photo-endosymbionts for growth and calcification, yet the influence of environmental conditions in shaping their interactions with prokaryotic and eukaryotic associates is poorly known. RESULTS Here, we used next-generation sequencing to identify eukaryotic photosynthesizing and prokaryotic microbes associated with the common LBF Amphistegina lobifera across a physio-chemical gradient on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). We collected samples from three reef sites located in the inner-, mid- and outer-shelf regions of the northern section of the GBR. Results showed the consistent presence of Bacillaryophyta as the main eukaryotic taxa associated with A. lobifera across all reef sites analysed; however, the abundance and the diversity of prokaryotic organisms varied among reef sites. Inner-shelf specimens showed the highest diversity of prokaryote associates, with a total of 231 genotypes in their core microbiome. A total of 30 taxa were identified in the core microbiome across all reef sites. Within these taxa, Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacteria present. The presence of groups such as Actinobacteria was significantly correlated with inner-shelf populations, whereas the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was associated with A. lobifera collected from mid- and outer-shelf reef sites. CONCLUSIONS We found that benthic foraminifera form stable and persistent symbiosis with eukaryotic partners, but flexible and site-specific associations with prokaryotic microbes that likely influence the ecological success of these crucial calcifying organisms on the GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prazeres
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Tracy Ainsworth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - T. Edward Roberts
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - William Leggat
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
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183
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Bradley PH, Pollard KS. Proteobacteria explain significant functional variability in the human gut microbiome. Microbiome 2017; 5:36. [PMID: 28330508 PMCID: PMC5363007 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While human gut microbiomes vary significantly in taxonomic composition, biological pathway abundance is surprisingly invariable across hosts. We hypothesized that healthy microbiomes appear functionally redundant due to factors that obscure differences in gene abundance between individuals. RESULTS To account for these biases, we developed a powerful test of gene variability called CCoDA, which is applicable to shotgun metagenomes from any environment and can integrate data from multiple studies. Our analysis of healthy human fecal metagenomes from three separate cohorts revealed thousands of genes whose abundance differs significantly and consistently between people, including glycolytic enzymes, lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes, and secretion systems. Even housekeeping pathways contain a mix of variable and invariable genes, though most highly conserved genes are significantly invariable. Variable genes tend to be associated with Proteobacteria, as opposed to taxa used to define enterotypes or the dominant phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS These results establish limits on functional redundancy and predict specific genes and taxa that may explain physiological differences between gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine S. Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
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184
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Pammi M, Cope J, Tarr PI, Warner BB, Morrow AL, Mai V, Gregory KE, Kroll JS, McMurtry V, Ferris MJ, Engstrand L, Lilja HE, Hollister EB, Versalovic J, Neu J. Intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbiome 2017; 5:31. [PMID: 28274256 PMCID: PMC5343300 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a catastrophic disease of preterm infants, and microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Studies evaluating the microbiome in NEC and preterm infants lack power and have reported inconsistent results. METHODS AND RESULTS Our objectives were to perform a systematic review and meta-analyses of stool microbiome profiles in preterm infants to discern and describe microbial dysbiosis prior to the onset of NEC and to explore heterogeneity among studies. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and conference abstracts from the proceedings of Pediatric Academic Societies and reference lists of relevant identified articles in April 2016. Studies comparing the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants who developed NEC to those of controls, using culture-independent molecular techniques and reported α and β-diversity metrics, and microbial profiles were included. In addition, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequence data with clinical meta-data were requested from the authors of included studies or searched in public data repositories. We reprocessed the 16S rRNA sequence data through a uniform analysis pipeline, which were then synthesized by meta-analysis. We included 14 studies in this review, and data from eight studies were available for quantitative synthesis (106 NEC cases, 278 controls, 2944 samples). The age of NEC onset was at a mean ± SD of 30.1 ± 2.4 weeks post-conception (n = 61). Fecal microbiome from preterm infants with NEC had increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes prior to NEC onset. Alpha- or beta-diversity indices in preterm infants with NEC were not consistently different from controls, but we found differences in taxonomic profiles related to antibiotic exposure, formula feeding, and mode of delivery. Exploring heterogeneity revealed differences in microbial profiles by study and the target region of the 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3 or V3-V5). CONCLUSIONS Microbial dysbiosis preceding NEC in preterm infants is characterized by increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Microbiome optimization may provide a novel strategy for preventing NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Pammi
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, 77030 Houston, TX USA
| | - Julia Cope
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Phillip I. Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Barbara B. Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Ardythe L. Morrow
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA
| | - Volker Mai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | | | - J. Simon Kroll
- Department of Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valerie McMurtry
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Children’s Hospital, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Michael J Ferris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Children’s Hospital, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Director of Clinical Genomics and Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Emily B. Hollister
- Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Josef Neu
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, 77030 Houston, TX USA
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185
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Strati F, Cavalieri D, Albanese D, De Felice C, Donati C, Hayek J, Jousson O, Leoncini S, Renzi D, Calabrò A, De Filippo C. New evidences on the altered gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders. Microbiome 2017; 5:24. [PMID: 28222761 PMCID: PMC5320696 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social and behavioural impairments. In addition to neurological symptoms, ASD subjects frequently suffer from gastrointestinal abnormalities, thus implying a role of the gut microbiota in ASD gastrointestinal pathophysiology. RESULTS Here, we characterized the bacterial and fungal gut microbiota in a cohort of autistic individuals demonstrating the presence of an altered microbial community structure. A fraction of 90% of the autistic subjects were classified as severe ASDs. We found a significant increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in autistic subjects due to a reduction of the Bacteroidetes relative abundance. At the genus level, we observed a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes, Bilophila, Dialister, Parabacteroides, and Veillonella in the ASD cohort, while Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Dorea, and Lactobacillus were significantly increased. Constipation has been then associated with different bacterial patterns in autistic and neurotypical subjects, with constipated autistic individuals characterized by high levels of bacterial taxa belonging to Escherichia/Shigella and Clostridium cluster XVIII. We also observed that the relative abundance of the fungal genus Candida was more than double in the autistic than neurotypical subjects, yet due to a larger dispersion of values, this difference was only partially significant. CONCLUSIONS The finding that, besides the bacterial gut microbiota, also the gut mycobiota contributes to the alteration of the intestinal microbial community structure in ASDs opens the possibility for new potential intervention strategies aimed at the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms in ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Strati
- Computational Biology Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Italy
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Duccio Cavalieri
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Computational Biology Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio De Felice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Siena University Hospital AOUS, Viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Computational Biology Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Italy
| | - Joussef Hayek
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Siena University Hospital AOUS, Viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Umbria 2, Via D. Bramante 37, 05100, Terni, Italy
| | - Olivier Jousson
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Leoncini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Siena University Hospital AOUS, Viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Renzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 40, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Calabrò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 40, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Agriculture Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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186
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Ramachandran G, Miguel-Arribas A, Abia D, Singh PK, Crespo I, Gago-Córdoba C, Hao JA, Luque-Ortega JR, Alfonso C, Wu LJ, Boer DR, Meijer WJJ. Discovery of a new family of relaxases in Firmicutes bacteria. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006586. [PMID: 28207825 PMCID: PMC5313138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a serious global problem. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), which are widespread in environmental bacteria, can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Gut microbiomes are especially apt for the emergence and dissemination of ARG. Conjugation is the HGT route that is predominantly responsible for the spread of ARG. Little is known about conjugative elements of Gram-positive bacteria, including those of the phylum Firmicutes, which are abundantly present in gut microbiomes. A critical step in the conjugation process is the relaxase-mediated site- and strand-specific nick in the oriT region of the conjugative element. This generates a single-stranded DNA molecule that is transferred from the donor to the recipient cell via a connecting channel. Here we identified and characterized the relaxosome components oriT and the relaxase of the conjugative plasmid pLS20 of the Firmicute Bacillus subtilis. We show that the relaxase gene, named relLS20, is essential for conjugation, that it can function in trans and provide evidence that Tyr26 constitutes the active site residue. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that the oriT is located far upstream of the relaxase gene and that the nick site within oriT is located on the template strand of the conjugation genes. Surprisingly, the RelLS20 shows very limited similarity to known relaxases. However, more than 800 genes to which no function had been attributed so far are predicted to encode proteins showing significant similarity to RelLS20. Interestingly, these putative relaxases are encoded almost exclusively in Firmicutes bacteria. Thus, RelLS20 constitutes the prototype of a new family of relaxases. The identification of this novel relaxase family will have an important impact in different aspects of future research in the field of HGT in Gram-positive bacteria in general, and specifically in the phylum of Firmicutes, and in gut microbiome research. Antibiotics have saved the lives of millions. However, the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance compromises the effectiveness of antibiotics. Genes conferring antibiotic resistance are often located on genetic elements that can be transferred to other bacteria. Conjugation is the predominant route responsible for spreading antibiotic resistance genes, and depends critically on a class of proteins called relaxases. These enzymes initiate conjugation by processing the DNA of the mobile element and are therefore an Achilles´ heel of the conjugation process. Although antibiotic resistance is an important health threat in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, conjugation has so far been studied primarily in Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the extremely high concentration of bacteria, which favors conjugation, the intestinal gut is a hotspot for spreading antibiotic resistance. It is now known that a large part of the gut microbiome corresponds to Gram-positive bacteria, and many of these belong to the phylum Firmicutes. To better understand conjugation and specifically relaxases of Gram-positive conjugative elements we have identified and characterized the relaxase and the DNA region at which it acts of the conjugative plasmid pLS20 from the Gram-positive Firmicute Bacillus subtilis. We also show that the relaxase of pLS20 is the founding member of a new and large family of relaxases that is almost exclusively present in Firmicutes bacteria. This work will have important implications for the transfer of genes in Gram-positive bacteria in general and specifically for conjugation-mediated spread of antibiotic resistance in Firmicutes bacteria of the intestinal gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayetri Ramachandran
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Instituto de Biología Molecular "Eladio Viñuela" (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Miguel-Arribas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Instituto de Biología Molecular "Eladio Viñuela" (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Abia
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Instituto de Biología Molecular "Eladio Viñuela" (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Praveen K. Singh
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Instituto de Biología Molecular "Eladio Viñuela" (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Crespo
- XALOC beamline, ALBA synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Gago-Córdoba
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Instituto de Biología Molecular "Eladio Viñuela" (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jian An Hao
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Instituto de Biología Molecular "Eladio Viñuela" (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Alfonso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ling J. Wu
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - D. Roeland Boer
- XALOC beamline, ALBA synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wilfried J. J. Meijer
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Instituto de Biología Molecular "Eladio Viñuela" (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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187
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Mirza BS, Sorensen DL, Dupont RR, McLean JE. New Arsenate Reductase Gene (arrA) PCR Primers for Diversity Assessment and Quantification in Environmental Samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e02725-16. [PMID: 27913413 PMCID: PMC5288830 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02725-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of arsenic contamination in drinking water and its potential threat to human health have resulted in considerable research interest in the microbial species responsible for arsenic reduction. The arsenate reductase gene (arrA), an important component of the microbial arsenate reduction system, has been widely used as a biomarker to study arsenate-reducing microorganisms. A new primer pair was designed and evaluated for quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing of the arrA gene, because currently available PCR primers are not suitable for these applications. The primers were evaluated in silico and empirically tested for amplification of arrA genes in clones and for amplification and high-throughput sequencing of arrA genes from soil and groundwater samples. In silico, this primer pair matched (≥90% DNA identity) 86% of arrA gene sequences from GenBank. Empirical evaluation showed successful amplification of arrA gene clones of diverse phylogenetic groups, as well as amplification and high-throughput sequencing of independent soil and groundwater samples without preenrichment, suggesting that these primers are highly specific and can amplify a broad diversity of arrA genes. The arrA gene diversity from soil and groundwater samples from the Cache Valley Basin (CVB) in Utah was greater than anticipated. We observed a significant correlation between arrA gene abundance, quantified through qPCR, and reduced arsenic (AsIII) concentrations in the groundwater samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these primers can be useful for studying the diversity of arsenate-reducing microbial communities and the ways in which their relative abundance in groundwater may be associated with different groundwater quality parameters. IMPORTANCE Arsenic is a major drinking water contaminant that threatens the health of millions of people worldwide. The extent of arsenic contamination and its potential threat to human health have resulted in considerable interest in the study of microbial species responsible for the reduction of arsenic, i.e., the conversion of AsV to AsIII In this study, we developed a new primer pair to evaluate the diversity and abundance of arsenate-reducing microorganisms in soil and groundwater samples from the CVB in Utah. We observed significant arrA gene diversity in the CVB soil and groundwater samples, and arrA gene abundance was significantly correlated with the reduced arsenic (AsIII) concentrations in the groundwater samples. We think that these primers are useful for studying the ecology of arsenate-reducing microorganisms in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babur S Mirza
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Darwin L Sorensen
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - R Ryan Dupont
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Joan E McLean
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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188
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Ramadass B, Rani BS, Pugazhendhi S, John K, Ramakrishna BS. Faecal microbiota of healthy adults in south India: Comparison of a tribal & a rural population. Indian J Med Res 2017; 145:237-246. [PMID: 28639601 PMCID: PMC5501057 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_639_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The relevance of the gut microbiota to human health is increasingly appreciated. The objective of this study was to compare the gut microbiota of a group of adult tribals with that of healthy adult villagers in Tamil Nadu, India. METHODS Faeces were collected from 10 healthy tribal adults (TAs) in the Jawadhi hills and from 10 healthy villagers [rural adults (RAs)] in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. DNA was extracted, and 456 bp segments comprising hypervariable regions 3 and 4 of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified, barcoded and 454 sequenced. RESULTS Totally 227,710 good-quality reads were analyzed. TAs consumed a millets-based diet, ate pork every day, and did not consume milk or milk products. RAs consumed a rice-based diet with meat intake once a week. In both groups, Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The median Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was 34.0 in TA and 92.9 in RA groups. Actinobacteria were significantly low in TA, possibly due to non-consumption of milk. Clostridium constituted the most abundant genus in both groups, but was significantly more abundant in TAs than RAs, while Streptococcus was significantly more abundant in RA (P<0.05). Analyses of genetic distance revealed that the microbiota were distinctly different between TA and RA, and principal component analysis using 550 distinct taxonomically identifiable sequences revealed a clear separation of microbiota composition in the two groups. Phylogenetic analysis of major microbiota indicated clustering of microbial groups at different major branch points for TAs and RAs. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Phylum Firmicutes and genus Clostridium constituted the bulk of the faecal microbiota, while significant differences in composition between the groups were probably due to differences in diet and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Ramadass
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - B. Sandya Rani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - K.R. John
- Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Chennai, India
- Institute of Gastroenterology, SRM Institutes for Medical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Balakrishnan S. Ramakrishna
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Institute of Gastroenterology, SRM Institutes for Medical Science, Chennai, India
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189
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Saraithong P, Li Y, Saenphet K, Chen Z, Chantawannakul P. Midgut bacterial communities in the giant Asian honeybee (Apis dorsata) across 4 developmental stages: A comparative study. Insect Sci 2017; 24:81-92. [PMID: 26299408 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial communities are known to play important roles during the developmental stages of insects, but current knowledge of bacteria associated with the midgut of Apis dorsata, the giant Asian honeybee, is limited. Using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis (PCR-DGGE) and 16S rRNA sequencing, the aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of bacterial community structure across four A. dorsata life stages in different geographical locations. The results reveal that bacterial diversity increased as the bee progressed through larval stage to newly emerged worker and old worker. However, in the pupal stage, no bands identified as bacteria could be observed. Overall, 2 bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) and 4 classes (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacilli) were identified, but the frequency varied among the different stages and locations. The classes of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli dominated among larval, newly emerged worker and old worker developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Kanokporn Saenphet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Panuwan Chantawannakul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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190
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Hagen LH, Frank JA, Zamanzadeh M, Eijsink VGH, Pope PB, Horn SJ, Arntzen MØ. Quantitative Metaproteomics Highlight the Metabolic Contributions of Uncultured Phylotypes in a Thermophilic Anaerobic Digester. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e01955-16. [PMID: 27815274 PMCID: PMC5203625 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01955-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used multiple meta-omic approaches to characterize the microbial community and the active metabolic pathways of a stable industrial biogas reactor with food waste as the dominant feedstock, operating at thermophilic temperatures (60°C) and elevated levels of free ammonia (367 mg/liter NH3-N). The microbial community was strongly dominated (76% of all 16S rRNA amplicon sequences) by populations closely related to the proteolytic bacterium Coprothermobacter proteolyticus. Multiple Coprothermobacter-affiliated strains were detected, introducing an additional level of complexity seldom explored in biogas studies. Genome reconstructions provided metabolic insight into the microbes that performed biomass deconstruction and fermentation, including the deeply branching phyla Dictyoglomi and Planctomycetes and the candidate phylum "Atribacteria" These biomass degraders were complemented by a synergistic network of microorganisms that convert key fermentation intermediates (fatty acids) via syntrophic interactions with hydrogenotrophic methanogens to ultimately produce methane. Interpretation of the proteomics data also suggested activity of a Methanosaeta phylotype acclimatized to high ammonia levels. In particular, we report multiple novel phylotypes proposed as syntrophic acetate oxidizers, which also exert expression of enzymes needed for both the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and β-oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl coenzyme A. Such an arrangement differs from known syntrophic oxidizing bacteria and presents an interesting hypothesis for future studies. Collectively, these findings provide increased insight into active metabolic roles of uncultured phylotypes and presents new synergistic relationships, both of which may contribute to the stability of the biogas reactor. IMPORTANCE Biogas production through anaerobic digestion of organic waste provides an attractive source of renewable energy and a sustainable waste management strategy. A comprehensive understanding of the microbial community that drives anaerobic digesters is essential to ensure stable and efficient energy production. Here, we characterize the intricate microbial networks and metabolic pathways in a thermophilic biogas reactor. We discuss the impact of frequently encountered microbial populations as well as the metabolism of newly discovered novel phylotypes that seem to play distinct roles within key microbial stages of anaerobic digestion in this stable high-temperature system. In particular, we draft a metabolic scenario whereby multiple uncultured syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacteria are capable of syntrophically oxidizing acetate as well as longer-chain fatty acids (via the β-oxidation and Wood-Ljundahl pathways) to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, which methanogens subsequently convert to methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Live H Hagen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jeremy A Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Mirzaman Zamanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Phillip B Pope
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Svein J Horn
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Magnus Ø Arntzen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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191
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D'Argenio V, Torino M, Precone V, Casaburi G, Esposito MV, Iaffaldano L, Malapelle U, Troncone G, Coto I, Cavalcanti P, De Rosa G, Salvatore F, Sacchetti L. The Cause of Death of a Child in the 18th Century Solved by Bone Microbiome Typing Using Laser Microdissection and Next Generation Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010109. [PMID: 28067829 PMCID: PMC5297743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of medicine abounds in cases of mysterious deaths, especially by infectious diseases, which were probably unresolved because of the lack of knowledge and of appropriate technology. The aim of this study was to exploit contemporary technologies to try to identify the cause of death of a young boy who died from a putative “infection” at the end of the 18th century, and for whom an extraordinarily well-preserved minute bone fragment was available. After confirming the nature of the sample, we used laser microdissection to select the most “informative” area to be examined. Tissue genotyping indicated male gender, thereby confirming the notary’s report. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were more abundant than Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and that Pseudomonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in the Pseudomonadaceae family. These data suggest that the patient most likely died from Pseudomonas osteomyelitis. This case is an example of how new technological approaches, like laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing, can resolve ancient cases of uncertain etiopathology. Lastly, medical samples may contain a wealth of information that may not be accessible until more sophisticated technology becomes available. Therefore, one may envisage the possibility of systematically storing medical samples for evaluation by future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria D'Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marielva Torino
- Department of Paleopathology, University of Naples Suor Orsola Benincasa, via Suor Orsola 10, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Precone
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Casaburi
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Iaffaldano
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Iolanda Coto
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paolina Cavalcanti
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital of Cosenza, via San Martino, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Gaetano De Rosa
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico)-Fondazione SDN, via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Sacchetti
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
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192
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Torralba MG, Franks JS, Gomez A, Yooseph S, Nelson KE, Grimes DJ. Effect of Macondo Prospect 252 Oil on Microbiota Associated with Pelagic Sargassum in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Microb Ecol 2017; 73:91-100. [PMID: 27815589 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impact of major oil spills on marine microorganisms has yet to be thoroughly investigated using molecular biology techniques. The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) drilling rig explosion of 2010 affected an approximately 176,000 km2 surface area of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) when an estimated 210 million gallons of oil from the Macondo Prospect spilled into the environment. Pelagic Sargassum, a complex of two surface drifting species (Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans) of marine brown macroalgae and a critically important habitat in the GOM ecosystem, was suffused by Macondo Prospect 252 oil released during the DWH event. Using 16S rRNA PCR and Roche 454 pyrosequencing, the effect of the oil on the bacterial population associated with pelagic Sargassum and contiguous waters was examined by comparing sequence data generated from samples collected from oiled and non-oiled locations in the northern GOM. Sequence data showed similar microbial composition in Sargassum regardless of exposure to oil primarily dominated by five phyla; Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and unclassified bacteria. The microbial composition in water samples was significantly less diverse than for Sargassum and consisted primarily of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Due to the evenly distributed abundance of microbial species on oiled and non-oiled pelagic Sargassum, study findings indicate that DWH spilled oil had minimal effect on the composition and diversity of the microbial community associated with Sargassum and contiguous waters. However, higher abundances of Sulfitobacter and one species of Psychrobacter were found in oiled water samples when compared to non-oiled water samples indicating some effect of DHW oil in the microbial composition of seawater. Though there are a number of marine studies using molecular biology approaches, this is the first molecular examination of the impact of the DWH oil spill on bacterial communities associated with pelagic Sargassum and contiguous waters from the GOM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James S Franks
- The University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Center for Fisheries Research and Development, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA
| | - Andres Gomez
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - D Jay Grimes
- Division of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA.
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193
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Garcia-Mazcorro JF, Castillo-Carranza SA, Guard B, Gomez-Vazquez JP, Dowd SE, Brigthsmith DJ. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Feces of Pet Birds Using 16S Marker Sequencing. Microb Ecol 2017; 73:224-235. [PMID: 27568186 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Birds and other animals live and evolve in close contact with millions of microorganisms (microbiota). While the avian microbiota has been well characterized in domestic poultry, the microbiota of other bird species has been less investigated. The aim of this study was to describe the fecal bacterial communities of pet birds. Pooled fecal samples from 22 flocks representing over 150 individual birds of three different species (Melopsittacus undulatus or budgerigars, Nymphicus hollandicus or cockatiels, and Serinus canaria or domestic canaries) were used for analysis using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the MiSeq platform (Illumina). Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum (median 88.4 %; range 12.9-98.4 %) followed by other low-abundant phyla such as Proteobacteria (median 2.3 %; 0.1-85.3 %) and Actinobacteria (median 1.7 %; 0-18.3 %). Lactobacillaceae (mostly Lactobacillus spp.) was the most abundant family (median 78.1 %; 1.4-97.5 %), especially in budgerigars and canaries, and it deserves attention because of the ascribed beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria. Importantly, feces from birds contain intestinal, urinary, and reproductive-associated microbiota thus posing a serious problem to study one anatomical region at a time. Other groups of interest include the family Clostridiaceae that showed very low abundance (overall median <0.1 %) with the exception of two samples from cockatiels (14 and 45.9 %) and one sample from budgerigars (19.9 %). Analysis of UniFrac metrics showed that overall, the microbial communities from the 22 flocks tended to cluster together for each bird species, meaning each species shed distinctive bacterial communities in feces. This descriptive analysis provides insight into the fecal microbiota of pet birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Garcia-Mazcorro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), General Escobedo, NL, 66050, Mexico.
- Research Group Medical Eco-Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UANL, General Escobedo, NL, 66050, Mexico.
| | | | - Blake Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Jose P Gomez-Vazquez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), General Escobedo, NL, 66050, Mexico
| | - Scot E Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, TX, 79363, USA
| | - Donald J Brigthsmith
- Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4467, USA
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194
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Wang W, Zheng S, Sharshov K, Sun H, Yang F, Wang X, Li L, Xiao Z. Metagenomic profiling of gut microbial communities in both wild and artificially reared Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus). Microbiologyopen 2016; 6. [PMID: 27998035 PMCID: PMC5387313 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus), a species endemic to Asia, has become one of the most popular species in recent years for rare bird breeding industries in several provinces of China. There has been no information on the gut metagenome configuration in both wild and artificially reared Bar-headed geese, even though the importance of gut microbiome in vertebrate nutrient and energy metabolism, immune homeostasis and reproduction is widely acknowledged. In this study, metagenomic methods have been used to describe the microbial community structure and composition of functional genes associated with both wild and artificially reared Bar-headed goose. Taxonomic analyses revealed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the four most abundant phyla in the gut of Bar-headed geese. Bacteroidetes were significantly abundant in the artificially reared group compared to wild group. Through functional profiling, we found that artificially reared Bar-headed geese had higher bacterial gene content related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism, energy metabolism and coenzyme transport, and metabolism. A comprehensive gene catalog of Bar-headed geese metagenome was built, and the metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acid, nucleotide, and energy were found to be the four most abundant categories. These results create a baseline for future Bar-headed goose microbiology research, and make an original contribution to the artificial rearing of this bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Center of GrowthMetabolism and AgingKey Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXi'ningChina
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXi'ningChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kirill Sharshov
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical MedicineNovosibirskRussia
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXi'ningChina
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXi'ningChina
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXi'ningChina
| | - Laixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXi'ningChina
| | - Zhixiong Xiao
- Center of GrowthMetabolism and AgingKey Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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195
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Mukherjee N, Bartelli D, Patra C, Chauhan BV, Dowd SE, Banerjee P. Microbial Diversity of Source and Point-of-Use Water in Rural Haiti - A Pyrosequencing-Based Metagenomic Survey. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167353. [PMID: 27936055 PMCID: PMC5147895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Haiti endures the poorest water and sanitation infrastructure in the Western Hemisphere, where waterborne diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality. Most of these diseases are reported to be caused by waterborne pathogens. In this study, we examined the overall bacterial diversity of selected source and point-of-use water from rural areas in Central Plateau, Haiti using pyrosequencing of 16s rRNA genes. Taxonomic composition of water samples revealed an abundance of Firmicutes phyla, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. A total of 38 bacterial families and 60 genera were identified. The presence of several Klebsiella spp. (tentatively, K. pneumoniae, K. variicola and other Klebsiella spp.) was detected in most water samples. Several other human pathogens such as Aeromonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Yersinia constituted significantly higher proportion of bacterial communities in the point-of-use water samples compared to source water. Bacterial genera traditionally associated with biofilm formation, such as Chryseobacterium, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Pseudomonas were found in the point-of-use waters obtained from water filters or domestic water storage containers. Although the pyrosequencing method utilized in this study did not reveal the viability status of these pathogens, the abundance of genetic footprints of the pathogens in water samples indicate the probable risk of bacterial transmission to humans. Therefore, the importance of appropriate handling, purification, and treatment of the source water needed to be clearly communicated to the communities in rural Haiti to ensure the water is safe for their daily use and intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Mukherjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Desoto Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Debra Bartelli
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Desoto Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Cyril Patra
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Desoto Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bhavin V. Chauhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Desoto Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- Molecular Research LP (MR DNA), Shallowater, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Desoto Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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de Almeida MLM, Feringer WH, Carvalho JRG, Rodrigues IM, Jordão LR, Fonseca MG, Carneiro de Rezende AS, de Queiroz Neto A, Weese JS, da Costa MC, Lemos EGDM, Ferraz GDC. Intense Exercise and Aerobic Conditioning Associated with Chromium or L-Carnitine Supplementation Modified the Fecal Microbiota of Fillies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167108. [PMID: 27935992 PMCID: PMC5147854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies performed in humans and rats have reported that exercise can alter the intestinal microbiota. Athletic horses perform intense exercise regularly, but studies characterizing horse microbiome during aerobic conditioning programs are still limited. Evidence has indicated that this microbial community is involved in the metabolic homeostasis of the host. Research on ergogenic substances using new sequencing technologies have been limited to the intestinal microbiota and there is a considerable demand for scientific studies that verify the effectiveness of these supplements in horses. L-carnitine and chromium are potentially ergogenic substances for athletic humans and horses since they are possibly able to modify the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. This study aimed to assess the impact of acute exercise and aerobic conditioning, associated either with L-carnitine or chromium supplementation, on the intestinal microbiota of fillies. Twelve “Mangalarga Marchador” fillies in the incipient fitness stage were distributed into four groups: control (no exercise), exercise, L-carnitine (10g/day) and chelated chromium (10mg/day). In order to investigate the impact of acute exercise or aerobic conditioning on fecal microbiota all fillies undergoing the conditioning program were analyzed as a separate treatment. The fillies underwent two incremental exercise tests before and after training on a treadmill for 42 days at 70–80% of the lactate threshold intensity. Fecal samples were obtained before and 48 h after acute exercise (incremental exercise test). Bacterial populations were characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the MiSeq Illumina platform, and 5,224,389 sequences were obtained from 48 samples. The results showed that, overall, the two most abundant phyla were Firmicutes (50.22%) followed by Verrucomicrobia (15.13%). The taxa with the highest relative abundances were unclassified Clostridiales (17.06%) and "5 genus incertae sedis" from the phylum Verrucomicrobia (12.98%). There was a decrease in the phylum Chlamydiae and in the genus Mycobacterium after the second incremental exercise test. Intense exercise changed the community’s structure and aerobic conditioning was associated with changes in the composition and structure of the intestinal bacterial population of fillies. The intra-group comparison showed that chromium or L-carnitine induced moderate changes in the fecal microbiota of fillies, but the microbiota did not differ from the control group, which was exercised with no supplementation. Fecal pH correlated positively with Simpson’s index, while plasma pH correlated negatively. Our results show that exercise and aerobic conditioning can change in the microbiota and provide a basis for further studies enrolling a larger number of horses at different fitness levels to better understand the effects of exercise and training on the intestinal microbiota of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Mendes de Almeida
- Department of Technology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Microrganismos e Plantas, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Heinz Feringer
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Ribeiro Garcia Carvalho
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora Mestriner Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rezende Jordão
- Department of Animal Sciences, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mayara Gonçalves Fonseca
- Department of Animal Sciences, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio de Queiroz Neto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos
- Department of Technology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Microrganismos e Plantas, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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197
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Ahlert S, Zimmermann R, Ebling J, König H. Analysis of propionate-degrading consortia from agricultural biogas plants. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:1027-1037. [PMID: 27364538 PMCID: PMC5221444 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the propionate-degrading community of agricultural biogas plants, four propionate-degrading consortia (Ap1a, N12, G12, and Wp2a) were established from different biogas plants which were fed with renewable resources. The consortia were cultivated in a batch for a period of 2-4 years and then analyzed in an 8-week batch experiment for microbial succession during propionate degradation. Community shifts showed considerable propagation of Syntrophobacter sulfatireducens, Cryptanaerobacter sp./Pelotomaculum sp., and "Candidatus Cloacamonas sp." in the course of decreasing propionate concentration. Methanogenic species belonged mainly to the genera Methanosarcina, Methanosaeta, and Methanoculleus. Due to the prevalent presence of the syntrophic acetate-oxidizing species Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans and potentially autotrophic homoacetogenic bacteria (Moorella sp., Thermacetogenium sp.), a theoretical involvement of syntrophic acetate oxidation and autotrophic homoacetogenesis in stable and efficient propionate degradation was indicated. Considering theoretical Gibbs free energy values at different hydrogen partial pressures, it is noticeable that syntrophic acetate oxidation and autotrophic homoacetogenesis have the potential to counterbalance adverse hydrogen partial pressure fluctuations, stabilizing most probably continuous and stable propionate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ahlert
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine ResearchJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Rita Zimmermann
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine ResearchJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Johannes Ebling
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine ResearchJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Helmut König
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine ResearchJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
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198
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Bledsoe JW, Peterson BC, Swanson KS, Small BC. Ontogenetic Characterization of the Intestinal Microbiota of Channel Catfish through 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Reveals Insights on Temporal Shifts and the Influence of Environmental Microbes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166379. [PMID: 27846300 PMCID: PMC5113000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture recently overtook capture fisheries as the largest producer of food fish, but to continue increasing fish production the industry is in search of better methods of improving fish health and growth. Pre- and probiotic supplementation has gained attention as a means of solving these issues, however, for such approaches to be successful, we must first gain a more holistic understanding of the factors influencing the microbial communities present in the intestines of fish. In this study, we characterize the bacterial communities associated with the digestive tract of a highly valuable U.S. aquaculture species, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, over the first 193 days of life to evaluate temporal changes that may occur throughout ontogenetic development of the host. Intestinal microbiota were surveyed with high-throughput DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA V4 gene amplicons derived from fish at 3, 65, 125, and 193 days post hatch (dph), while also characterizing the environmental microbes derived from the water supply and the administered diets. Microbial communities inhabiting the intestines of catfish early in life were dynamic, with significant shifts occurring up to 125 dph when the microbiota somewhat stabilized, as shifts were less apparent between 125 to 193 dph. Bacterial phyla present in the gut of catfish throughout ontogeny include Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria; with the species Cetobacterium somerae and Plesiomonas shigelloides showing the highest abundance in the catfish microbiota after 3 dph. Comparisons of the gut microbiota to the environmental microbes reveals that the fish gut is maintained as a niche habitat, separate from the overall microbial communities present in diets and water-supply. Although, there is also evidence that the environmental microbiota serves as an inoculum to the fish gut. Our results have implications for future research related to channel catfish biology and culture, and increase our understanding of ontogenetic effects on the microbiota of teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Bledsoe
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Peterson
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, 38776, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Small
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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199
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Vilajeliu-Pons A, Bañeras L, Puig S, Molognoni D, Vilà-Rovira A, Hernández-del Amo E, Balaguer MD, Colprim J. External Resistances Applied to MFC Affect Core Microbiome and Swine Manure Treatment Efficiencies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164044. [PMID: 27701451 PMCID: PMC5049776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can be designed to combine water treatment with concomitant electricity production. Animal manure treatment has been poorly explored using MFCs, and its implementation at full-scale primarily relies on the bacterial distribution and activity within the treatment cell. This study reports the bacterial community changes at four positions within the anode of two almost identically operated MFCs fed swine manure. Changes in the microbiome structure are described according to the MFC fluid dynamics and the application of a maximum power point tracking system (MPPT) compared to a fixed resistance system (Ref-MFC). Both external resistance and cell hydrodynamics are thought to heavily influence MFC performance. The microbiome was characterised both quantitatively (qPCR) and qualitatively (454-pyrosequencing) by targeting bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The diversity of the microbial community in the MFC biofilm was reduced and differed from the influent swine manure. The adopted electric condition (MPPT vs fixed resistance) was more relevant than the fluid dynamics in shaping the MFC microbiome. MPPT control positively affected bacterial abundance and promoted the selection of putatively exoelectrogenic bacteria in the MFC core microbiome (Sedimentibacter sp. and gammaproteobacteria). These differences in the microbiome may be responsible for the two-fold increase in power production achieved by the MPPT-MFC compared to the Ref-MFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluis Bañeras
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Sebastià Puig
- LEQUiA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Daniele Molognoni
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (D.I.C.Ar.), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Albert Vilà-Rovira
- LEQUiA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elena Hernández-del Amo
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Maria D. Balaguer
- LEQUiA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jesús Colprim
- LEQUiA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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200
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Galanopoulou AP, Moraïs S, Georgoulis A, Morag E, Bayer EA, Hatzinikolaou DG. Insights into the functionality and stability of designer cellulosomes at elevated temperatures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8731-43. [PMID: 27207145 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulose is a major limiting step in second generation biorefineries. Assembly of the necessary activities into designer cellulosomes increases the productivity of this step by enhancing enzyme synergy through the proximity effect. However, most cellulosomal components are obtained from mesophilic microorganisms, limiting the applications to temperatures up to 50 °C. We hypothesized that a scaffoldin, comprising modular components of mainly mesophilic origin, can function at higher temperatures when combined with thermophilic enzymes, and the resulting designer cellulosomes could be employed in higher temperature reactions. For this purpose, we used a tetravalent scaffoldin constituted of three cohesins of mesophilic origin as well as a cohesin and cellulose-binding module derived from the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum. The scaffoldin was combined with four thermophilic enzymes from Geobacillus and Caldicellulosiruptor species, each fused with a dockerin whose specificity matched one of the cohesins. We initially verified that the biochemical properties and thermal stability of the resulting chimeric enzymes were not affected by the presence of the mesophilic dockerins. Then we examined the stability of the individual single-enzyme-scaffoldin complexes and the full tetravalent cellulosome showing that all complexes are stable and functional for at least 6 h at 60 °C. Finally, within this time frame and conditions, the full complex appeared over 50 % more efficient in the hydrolysis of corn stover compared to the free enzymes. Overall, the results support the utilization of scaffoldin components of mesophilic origin at relatively high temperatures and provide a framework for the production of designer cellulosomes suitable for high temperature biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia P Galanopoulou
- Faculty of Biology, Microbiology Group, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784, Zografou, Attica, Greece
| | - Sarah Moraïs
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anastasios Georgoulis
- Faculty of Biology, Microbiology Group, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784, Zografou, Attica, Greece
| | - Ely Morag
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edward A Bayer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dimitris G Hatzinikolaou
- Faculty of Biology, Microbiology Group, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784, Zografou, Attica, Greece.
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