151
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Bressman NR, Simms M, Perlman BM, Ashley-Ross MA. Where do fish go when stranded on land? Terrestrial orientation of the mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:335-344. [PMID: 30242836 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to determine which sensory cues the mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus, a quasi-amphibious, hermaphroditic fish, uses to orient in an unfamiliar terrestrial environment. In a laboratory setting, K. marmoratus were placed on a terrestrial test arena and were provided the opportunity to move toward reflective surfaces, water, dark colours v. light colours, and orange colouration. Compared with hermaphrodites, males moved more often toward an orange section of the test arena, suggesting that the response may be associated with camouflage or male-male competition, since only males display orange colouration. Younger individuals also moved more often toward the orange quadrant than older individuals, suggesting age-dependent orientation performance or behaviour. Sloped terrain also had a significant effect on orientation, with more movement downhill, suggesting the importance of the otolith-vestibular system in terrestrial orientation of K. marmoratus. By understanding the orientation of extant amphibious fishes, we may be able to infer how sensory biology and behaviour might have evolved to facilitate invasion of land by amphibious vertebrates millions of years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah R Bressman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mark Simms
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin M Perlman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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152
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Abstract
Peripersonal space immediately surrounds the body and can be represented in the brain as a multisensory and sensorimotor interface mediating physical and social interactions between body and environment. Very little consideration has been given to the ontogeny of peripersonal spatial representations in early postnatal life, despite the crucial roles of peripersonal space and its adaptive relevance as the space where infants' earliest interactions take place. Here, we investigated whether peripersonal space could be considered a delimited portion of space with defined boundaries soon after birth. Our findings showed for the first time that newborns' saccadic reaction times to a tactile stimulus simultaneous to sounds with different intensities changed based on the sound intensity. In particular, they were significantly faster when the sound was lounder than a critical intensity, in a pattern that closely resembled that showed by adults. Therefore, provided that sound intensity on its own can cue newborns' sound distance perception, we speculate that this critical distance could be considered the boundary of newborns' rudimentary peripersonal space. Altogether, our findings suggest that soon after birth peripersonal space may be already considered as a bounded portion of space, perhaps instrumental to drive newborns' attention towards events and people within it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orioli
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Santoni
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Danica Dragovic
- Paediatric Unit, Hospital of Monfalcone, Monfalcone, GO, Italy
| | - Teresa Farroni
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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153
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Kim SH, Mitchel JA, McGill M, Cremona TP, Baek JW, Kasahara DI, Anathy V, Israel E, Park JA. Increased extracellular maspin levels after mechanical compression in vitro or allergen challenge in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1116-1118.e4. [PMID: 31228474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Hoon Kim
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Maureen McGill
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Tiziana P Cremona
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Ji Won Baek
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - David I Kasahara
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | | | - Jin-Ah Park
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
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154
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Monteiro M, de Oliveira-Souza R, Andrade J, Marins T, de Carvalho Rodrigues E, Bramati I, Lent R, Moll J, Tovar-Moll F. Cortical lateralization of cheirosensory processing in callosal dysgenesis. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101808. [PMID: 31153001 PMCID: PMC6541908 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The paradoxical absence of a split-brain syndrome in most cases of callosal dysgenesis has originated three main hypotheses, namely, (i) bilateral cortical representation of language, (ii) bilateral thalamocortical projections of somatosensory pathways conveyed by the spinothalamic-medial lemniscus system, and (iii) a variable combination of (i) and (ii). We used functional neuroimaging to investigate the cortical representation and lateralization of somatosensory information from the palm of each hand in six cases of callosal dysgenesis (hypothesis [ii]). Cortical regions of interest were contralateral and ipsilateral S1 (areas 3a and 3b, 1 and 2 in the central sulcus and postcentral gyrus) and S2 (parts of areas 40 and 43 in the parietal operculum). The degree of cortical asymmetry was expressed by a laterality index (LI), which may assume values from −1 (fully left-lateralized) to +1 (fully right-lateralized). In callosal dysgenesis, LI values for the right and the left hands were, respectively, −1 and + 1 for both S1 and S2, indicating absence of engagement of ipsilateral S1 and S2. In controls, LI values were − 0.70 (S1) and − 0.51 (S2) for right hand stimulation, and 0.82 (S1) and 0.36 (S2) for left hand stimulation, reflecting bilateral asymmetric activations, which were significantly higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated hand. Therefore, none of the main hypotheses so far entertained to account for the callosal dysgenesis-split-brain paradox have succeeded. We conclude that the preserved interhemispheric transfer of somatosensory tactile information in callosal dysgenesis must be mediated by a fourth alternative, such as aberrant interhemispheric bundles, reorganization of subcortical commissures, or both. We studied the cortical sensory representation of the hands in callosal dysgenesis. The representation of the hands was bilateral but asymmetric in controls. The representation of the hands was strictly contralateral in callosal dysgenesis. The representation of the hands is a distinguishing feature of callosal dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Monteiro
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - Theo Marins
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - Ivanei Bramati
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil
| | - Roberto Lent
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Brazil; The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- The D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Brazil; The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Brazil.
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155
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Rountree CM, Meng C, Troy JB, Saggere L. Mechanical Stimulation of the Retina: Therapeutic Feasibility and Cellular Mechanism. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 26:1075-1083. [PMID: 29752243 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2822322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retinal prostheses that seek to restore vision by artificially stimulating retinal neurons with electrical current are an emerging treatment for photoreceptor degenerative diseases but face difficulties achieving naturalistic vision with high spatial resolution. Here, we report the unexpected discovery of a technique for mechanically stimulating retinal neurons with the potential to bypass the limitations of electrical stimulation. We found that pulsatile injections of standard Ames medium solution into explanted retinas of wild type rats under certain injection conditions (pulse-width > 50ms at 0.69 kPa pressure) elicit spatially localized retinal responses similar to light-evoked responses. The same injections made into photoreceptor degenerated retinas of transgenic S334ter-3 rats also elicit robust neural responses. We investigated the cellular mechanism causing these responses, by repeating the injections after treating the retinas with a pharmacological blocker of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel group, a common mechanoreceptor found on retinal neurons, and observed a significant reduction in retinal ganglion cell spike rate response amplitudes. Together, these data reveal that therapeutic mechanical stimulation of the retina, occurring in part through TRPV channel activation, is feasible and this little explored neurostimulation paradigm could be useful in stimulating photoreceptor degenerated retinas for vision restoration.
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156
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Hidding J, Agelopoulos K, Pereira MP, Conrad H, Hatt H, Lotts T, Osada N, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Schmelz M, Ständer S. Sensory Qualities Point to Different Structural and Functional Skin Patterns in Chronic Pruritus Patients. A Translational Explorative Study. Acta Derm Venereol 2019; 99:668-674. [PMID: 30938826 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pruritus (CP) is often accompanied by paresthetic sensations like warmth, burning and stinging. The aim of this study was to analyze, whether divergent sensations are linked to structural and functional skin alterations in clinically diagnosed CP patients. Clinical responses to capsaicin, histamine, and to thermal and mechanical stimulation, intraepidermal nerve fiber density, and epidermal expression of transient receptor potential (TRP)-channels were investigated in healthy controls, and in CP patients, reporting either warmth (CP-W) or neuropathic sensations (CP-N). In CP-W, pinprick hyperalgesia and increased sensitivity to capsaicin were aligned with increased epidermal TRPV1 expression, while smaller histamine axon reflex erythema matched with significantly reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density. CP-N showed earlier onset of sensations after capsaicin stimulation, significantly increased warmth detection threshold, and higher epidermal expression of TRPV4 compared to healthy controls. The present study contributes to the neurobiological understanding of the divergence of sensory sensations in CP, indicating new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hidding
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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157
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Liang M, Su Q, Mouraux A, Iannetti GD. Spatial Patterns of Brain Activity Preferentially Reflecting Transient Pain and Stimulus Intensity. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:2211-2227. [PMID: 30844052 PMCID: PMC6458907 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
How pain emerges in the human brain remains an unresolved question. Neuroimaging studies have suggested that several brain areas subserve pain perception because their activation correlates with perceived pain intensity. However, painful stimuli are often intense and highly salient; therefore, using both intensity- and saliency-matched control stimuli is crucial to isolate pain-selective brain responses. Here, we used these intensity/saliency-matched painful and non-painful stimuli to test whether pain-selective information can be isolated in the functional magnetic resonance imaging responses elicited by painful stimuli. Using two independent datasets, multivariate pattern analysis was able to isolate features distinguishing the responses triggered by (1) intensity/saliency-matched painful versus non-painful stimuli, and (2) high versus low-intensity/saliency stimuli regardless of whether they elicit pain. This indicates that neural activity in the so-called "pain matrix" is functionally heterogeneous, and part of it carries information related to both painfulness and intensity/saliency. The response features distinguishing these aspects are spatially distributed and cannot be ascribed to specific brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Q Su
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - A Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G D Iannetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
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158
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Krause A, Lee K, Freyler K, Bührer T, Gollhofer A, Ritzmann R. Whole-body vibration impedes the deterioration of postural control in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 31:134-140. [PMID: 30991299 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate if whole-body vibration (WBV) might attenuate the processing functional and neuromuscular degeneration of postural control in patients with MS. DESIGN Performance in postural control was assessed before and after 6 weeks of a control (CON) and a WBV intervention period. SETTING Laboratory at the University of Freiburg & home-based training PARTICIPANTS: Out of 29 interested participants, 15 subjects with severe MS fit inclusion criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Centre of pressure displacement (COP), muscle activity and co-contraction indices of m. soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), tibialis anterior (TA), biceps (BF) and rectus femoris (RF) as well as SOL H/M-ratios. RESULTS After CON, COP was significantly enhanced with reduced muscle activity in RF and diminished shank muscle co-contraction. After WBV, no changes were observed in COP and neuromuscular control. However, over time, TA activity was reduced, but with no changes in muscle activation of SOL, GM and BF or H/M-ratios. CONCLUSIONS After CON, MS patients experienced substantial deteriorations in postural control which have previously been associated with greater postural instability. No further disease-associated deteriorations were observed following the intervention. Thus, WBV might alleviate neurodegeneration of postural control in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Krause
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Training and Computer Science, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Kyungsoo Lee
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Freyler
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilmann Bührer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Ritzmann
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Biomechanics, Praxisklinik Rennbahn, Switzerland
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159
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Tang H, Qi XL, Riley MR, Constantinidis C. Working memory capacity is enhanced by distributed prefrontal activation and invariant temporal dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7095-7100. [PMID: 30877250 PMCID: PMC6452731 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817278116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of information that can be stored in working memory is limited but may be improved with practice. The basis of improved efficiency at the level of neural activity is unknown. To investigate this question, we trained monkeys to perform a working memory task that required memory for multiple stimuli. Performance decreased as a function of number of stimuli to be remembered, but improved as the animals practiced the task. Neuronal recordings acquired during this training revealed two hitherto unknown mechanisms of working memory capacity improvement. First, more prefrontal neurons became active as working memory improved, but their baseline activity decreased. Second, improved working memory capacity was characterized by less variable temporal dynamics, resulting in a more consistent firing rate at each time point during the course of a trial. Our results reveal that improved performance of working memory tasks is achieved through more distributed activation and invariant neuronal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tang
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, China
- National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xue-Lian Qi
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Mitchell R Riley
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157;
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160
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Galindo-Leon EE, Stitt I, Pieper F, Stieglitz T, Engler G, Engel AK. Context-specific modulation of intrinsic coupling modes shapes multisensory processing. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaar7633. [PMID: 30989107 PMCID: PMC6457939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar7633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically generated patterns of coupled neuronal activity are associated with the dynamics of specific brain states. Sensory inputs are extrinsic factors that can perturb these intrinsic coupling modes, creating a complex scenario in which forthcoming stimuli are processed. Studying this intrinsic-extrinsic interplay is necessary to better understand perceptual integration and selection. Here, we show that this interplay leads to a reconfiguration of functional cortical connectivity that acts as a mechanism to facilitate stimulus processing. Using audiovisual stimulation in anesthetized ferrets, we found that this reconfiguration of coupling modes is context specific, depending on long-term modulation by repetitive sensory inputs. These reconfigured coupling modes lead to changes in latencies and power of local field potential responses that support multisensory integration. Our study demonstrates that this interplay extends across multiple time scales and involves different types of intrinsic coupling. These results suggest a previously unknown large-scale mechanism that facilitates multisensory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E. Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iain Stitt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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161
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Wu TL, Yang PF, Wang F, Shi Z, Mishra A, Wu R, Chen LM, Gore JC. Intrinsic functional architecture of the non-human primate spinal cord derived from fMRI and electrophysiology. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1416. [PMID: 30926817 PMCID: PMC6440970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) has recently revealed correlated signals in the spinal cord horns of monkeys and humans. However, the interpretation of these rsfMRI correlations as indicators of functional connectivity in the spinal cord remains unclear. Here, we recorded stimulus-evoked and spontaneous spiking activity and local field potentials (LFPs) from monkey spinal cord in order to validate fMRI measures. We found that both BOLD and electrophysiological signals elicited by tactile stimulation co-localized to the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Temporal profiles of stimulus-evoked BOLD signals covaried with LFP and multiunit spiking in a similar way to those observed in the brain. Functional connectivity of dorsal horns exhibited a U-shaped profile along the dorsal-intermediate-ventral axis. Overall, these results suggest that there is an intrinsic functional architecture within the gray matter of a single spinal segment, and that rsfMRI signals at high field directly reflect this underlying spontaneous neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lin Wu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Pai-Feng Yang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zhaoyue Shi
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Arabinda Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ruiqi Wu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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162
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Raza A, Rasheed T, Nabeel F, Hayat U, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Endogenous and Exogenous Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Programmed Site-Specific Release. Molecules 2019; 24:E1117. [PMID: 30901827 PMCID: PMC6470858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reviewed state-of-the-art endogenous-based and exogenous-based stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) for programmed site-specific release to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapeutic modalities. This particular work focuses on the smart chemistry and mechanism of action aspects of several types of stimuli-responsive polymeric carriers that play a crucial role in extracellular and intracellular sections of diseased tissues or cells. With ever increasing scientific knowledge and awareness, research is underway around the globe to design new types of stimuli (external/internal) responsive polymeric carriers for biotechnological applications at large and biomedical and/or pharmaceutical applications, in particular. Both external/internal and even dual/multi-responsive behavior of polymeric carriers is considered an essential element of engineering so-called 'smart' DDS, which controls the effective and efficient dose loading, sustained release, individual variability, and targeted permeability in a sophisticated manner. So far, an array of DDS has been proposed, developed, and implemented. For instance, redox, pH, temperature, photo/light, magnetic, ultrasound, and electrical responsive DDS and/or all in all dual/dual/multi-responsive DDS (combination or two or more from any of the above). Despite the massive advancement in DDS arena, there are still many challenging concerns that remain to be addressed to cover the research gap. In this context, herein, an effort has been made to highlight those concerning issues to cover up the literature gap. Thus, the emphasis was given to the drug release mechanism and applications of endogenous and exogenous based stimuli-responsive DDS in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Faran Nabeel
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Uzma Hayat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, Mexico.
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163
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Crucianelli L, Serpell L, Paloyelis Y, Ricciardi L, Robinson P, Jenkinson P, Fotopoulou A. The effect of intranasal oxytocin on the perception of affective touch and multisensory integration in anorexia nervosa: protocol for a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024913. [PMID: 30878983 PMCID: PMC6429868 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterised by restriction of energy intake, fears of gaining weight and related body image disturbances. The oxytocinergic system has been proposed as a pathophysiological candidate for AN. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide involved in bodily processes (eg, breast feeding) and in the onset of social behaviours (eg, bonding). Studies investigating the effect of intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT) in AN showed that it can improve attentional bias for high-calorie food and fat bodies stimuli, and related stress. However, less is known about the effect of IN-OT on bodily awareness and body image distortions, key features of the disorder linked to its development, prognosis and maintenance. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of IN-OT on the perception of affective, C-tactile-optimal touch, known to be impaired in AN and on multisensory integration processes underlying a body ownership illusion (ie, rubber hand illusion). For exploratory purposes, we will also investigate the effect of IN-OT on another interoceptive modality, namely cardiac awareness and its relationship with affective touch. DESIGN, METHODS AND ANALYSIS Forty women with AN and forty matched healthy controls will be recruited and tested in two separate sessions; self-administering IN-OT (40 IU) or placebo, intranasally, in a pseudo-randomised manner. The data from this double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study will be analysed using linear mixed models that allow the use of both fixed (treatment levels) and random (subjects) effects in the same analysis. To address our main hypotheses, separate analyses will be run for the affective touch task, where the primary outcome dependent variable will be the pleasantness of the touch, and for the rubber hand illusion, where we will investigate multisensory integration quantified as subjective embodiment towards the rubber hand. In the latter, we will manipulate the synchronicity of touch and the size of the hand. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained by National Research Ethics Service NRES Committee London (Queen's Square Committee, ref number 14/LO/1593). The results will be disseminated through conference presentations and publication in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Crucianelli
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Serpell
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yannis Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Ricciardi
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Robinson
- Barnet Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Jenkinson
- Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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164
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Seo NJ, Lakshminarayanan K, Lauer AW, Ramakrishnan V, Schmit BD, Hanlon CA, George MS, Bonilha L, Downey RJ, DeVries W, Nagy T. Use of imperceptible wrist vibration to modulate sensorimotor cortical activity. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:805-816. [PMID: 30607471 PMCID: PMC6613561 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-05465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral sensory stimulation has been used as a method to stimulate the sensorimotor cortex, with applications in neurorehabilitation. To improve delivery modality and usability, a new stimulation method has been developed in which imperceptible random-frequency vibration is applied to the wrist concurrently during hand activity. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of this new sensory stimulation on the sensorimotor cortex. Healthy adults were studied. In a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study, resting motor threshold, short-interval intracortical inhibition, and intracortical facilitation for the abductor pollicis brevis muscle were compared between vibration on vs. off, while subjects were at rest. In an electroencephalogram (EEG) study, alpha and beta power during rest and event-related desynchronization (ERD) for hand grip were compared between vibration on vs. off. Results showed that vibration decreased EEG power and decreased TMS short-interval intracortical inhibition (i.e., disinhibition) compared with no vibration at rest. Grip-related ERD was also greater during vibration, compared to no vibration. In conclusion, subthreshold random-frequency wrist vibration affected the release of intracortical inhibition and both resting and grip-related sensorimotor cortical activity. Such effects may have implications in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jin Seo
- Department of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, 151B Rutledge Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Kishor Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Abigail W Lauer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Viswanathan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Brian D Schmit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Colleen A Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Leonardo Bonilha
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ryan J Downey
- Department of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, 151B Rutledge Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Will DeVries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
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165
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Waiblinger C, Wu CM, Bolus MF, Borden PY, Stanley GB. Stimulus Context and Reward Contingency Induce Behavioral Adaptation in a Rodent Tactile Detection Task. J Neurosci 2019; 39:1088-1099. [PMID: 30530858 PMCID: PMC6363924 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2032-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral adaptation is a prerequisite for survival in a constantly changing sensory environment, but the underlying strategies and relevant variables driving adaptive behavior are not well understood. Many learning models and neural theories consider probabilistic computations as an efficient way to solve a variety of tasks, especially if uncertainty is involved. Although this suggests a possible role for probabilistic inference and expectation in adaptive behaviors, there is little if any evidence of this relationship experimentally. Here, we investigated adaptive behavior in the rat model by using a well controlled behavioral paradigm within a psychophysical framework to predict and quantify changes in performance of animals trained on a simple whisker-based detection task. The sensory environment of the task was changed by transforming the probabilistic distribution of whisker deflection amplitudes systematically while measuring the animal's detection performance and corresponding rate of accumulated reward. We show that the psychometric function deviates significantly and reversibly depending on the probabilistic distribution of stimuli. This change in performance relates to accumulating a constant reward count across trials, yet it is exempt from changes in reward volume. Our simple model of reward accumulation captures the observed change in psychometric sensitivity and predicts a strategy seeking to maintain reward expectation across trials in the face of the changing stimulus distribution. We conclude that rats are able maintain a constant payoff under changing sensory conditions by flexibly adjusting their behavioral strategy. Our findings suggest the existence of an internal probabilistic model that facilitates behavioral adaptation when sensory demands change.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The strategy animals use to deal with a complex and ever-changing world is a key to understanding natural behavior. This study provides evidence that rodent behavioral performance is highly flexible in the face of a changing stimulus distribution, consistent with a strategy to maintain a desired accumulation of reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Waiblinger
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Caroline M Wu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Michael F Bolus
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Peter Y Borden
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Garrett B Stanley
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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166
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Baxter L, Fitzgibbon S, Moultrie F, Goksan S, Jenkinson M, Smith S, Andersson J, Duff E, Slater R. Optimising neonatal fMRI data analysis: Design and validation of an extended dHCP preprocessing pipeline to characterise noxious-evoked brain activity in infants. Neuroimage 2019; 186:286-300. [PMID: 30414984 PMCID: PMC6347570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The infant brain is unlike the adult brain, with considerable differences in morphological, neurodynamic, and haemodynamic features. As the majority of current MRI analysis tools were designed for use in adults, a primary objective of the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) is to develop optimised methodological pipelines for the analysis of neonatal structural, resting state, and diffusion MRI data. Here, in an independent neonatal dataset we have extended and optimised the dHCP fMRI preprocessing pipeline for the analysis of stimulus-response fMRI data. We describe and validate this extended dHCP fMRI preprocessing pipeline to analyse changes in brain activity evoked following an acute noxious stimulus applied to the infant's foot. We compare the results obtained from this extended dHCP pipeline to results obtained from a typical FSL FEAT-based analysis pipeline, evaluating the pipelines' outputs using a wide range of tests. We demonstrate that a substantial increase in spatial specificity and sensitivity to signal can be attained with a bespoke neonatal preprocessing pipeline through optimised motion and distortion correction, ICA-based denoising, and haemodynamic modelling. The improved sensitivity and specificity, made possible with this extended dHCP pipeline, will be paramount in making further progress in our understanding of the development of sensory processing in the infant brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Baxter
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Fitzgibbon
- FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Moultrie
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sezgi Goksan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Smith
- FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Andersson
- FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Duff
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebeccah Slater
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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167
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Abstract
Enhancing motor imagery (MI) results in amplified event-related desynchronization (ERD) and is important for MI-based rehabilitation and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. Many attempts to enhance the MI by providing a visual guidance have been reported. We believe that the rubber hand illusion (RHI), which induces body ownership over an external object, can provide better guidance to enhance MI; thus, an RHI-based paradigm with motorized moving rubber hand was proposed. To validate the proposed MI enhancing paradigm, we conducted an experimental comparison among paradigms with 20 healthy subjects. The peak amplitude and arrival times of ERD were compared at contralateral and ipsilateral electroencephalogram channels. We found significantly amplified ERD caused by the proposed paradigm, which is similar to the ERD caused by motor execution. In addition, the arrival time suggests that the proposed paradigm is applicable for BCI. In conclusion, the proposed paradigm can significantly enhance the MI with better characteristics for use with BCI.
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168
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Zheng Y, Wang Y, Yue Z, Wang X, Zhang J, Fang J. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates the brain's response to foot stimuli under dual-task condition: A fMRI study in elderly adults. Neurosci Lett 2019; 692:225-230. [PMID: 30290247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous behavioral studies have shown that high-intensity cognitive tasks weaken balance control in elder adults. Moreover, age-related loss of plantar sensation is considered to be an important contributing factor to the occurrence of falls. Recently, we have realized that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can effectively improve the balance of the elderly under the dual-task, but its underlying regulatory mechanism is not clear. In this study, task functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to study the brain's response to foot stimuli under foot stimuli or dual-task (foot stimuli and cognitive task) conditions to explain the effect of the addition of cognitive tasks during balance in 16 healthy elderly adults. To study whether tDCS would counteract the effect of the added cognitive task, we further compared the differences in activity of the cerebral cortices of dual-task and tDCS-dual-task conditions. The results suggested added cognitive tasks significantly attenuated the response of the brain to foot stimuli in elderly adults. Moreover, the cortex excitability weakened by cognitive tasks was significantly promoted after 20 min of tDCS. In conclusion, a portion of the resources originally used for plantar sensory processing may be assigned to the processing of the cognitive task when the cognitive tasks are added, which results in insufficient resources for plantar sensory processing. tDCS improves the ability of the brain to respond to foot stimuli by modulating the excitability of the cognitive cortex and reverses the effects of cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zheng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Neuroscience and Intelligent Media Institute, Communication University of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhuang Yue
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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169
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Ozgun N, Bennewitz R, Strauss DJ. Friction in Passive Tactile Perception Induces Phase Coherency in Late Somatosensory Single Trial Sequences. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:129-138. [PMID: 30629510 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2891915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Event related potentials represent a noninvasive means for studying sensory and cognitive processes that occur in response to particular stimuli. Here, we report on a phase measure for estimating single trial interaction of late somatosensory potentials (LSPs) following a tribological well defined mechanical stimulation of the human fingertip. Stimuli are presented via a programmable Braille-display with actively switchable pins which was slid along the apex of the passive fingertip, i.e., the fingertip rested stationarily in a finger holding system with circular opening at the bottom. The event was the raising and the lowering of either one, three, or five lines of pins. Differences were identified by measures based on instantaneous phase synchronization to the stimuli across trials, in particular the wavelet phase synchronization stability (WPSS) measure for single trial sequences of LSPs. In particular, we show that the higher the friction the stronger and more localized the induced phase coherency is. We concluded that the WPSS analysis of single sequences of LSPs represents a reliable method which allows for the quantification of brain responses upon distinct tactile stimuli.
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170
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Vanneste S, To WT, De Ridder D. Tinnitus and neuropathic pain share a common neural substrate in the form of specific brain connectivity and microstate profiles. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:388-400. [PMID: 30142355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus and neuropathic pain share similar pathophysiological, clinical, and treatment characteristics. In this EEG study, a group of tinnitus (n = 100) and neuropathic pain (n = 100) patients are compared to each other and to a healthy control group (n = 100). Spectral analysis demonstrates gamma band activity within the primary auditory and somatosensory cortices in patients with tinnitus and neuropathic pain, respectively. A conjunction analysis further demonstrates an overlap of tinnitus and pain related activity in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex as well as in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in comparison to healthy controls. Further analysis reveals that similar states characterize tinnitus and neuropathic pain patients, two of which differ from the healthy group and two of which are shared. Both pain and tinnitus patients spend half of the time in one specific microstate. Seed-based functional connectivity with the source within the predominant microstate shows delta, alpha1, and gamma lagged phase synchronization overlap with multiple brain areas between pain and tinnitus. These data suggest that auditory and somatosensory phantom perceptions share an overlapping brain network with common activation and connectivity patterns and are differentiated by specific sensory cortex gamma activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Vanneste
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Wing Ting To
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
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171
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Lacasse P, Zhao X, Ollier S. Effect of stage of lactation and gestation on milking-induced hormone release in lactating dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 66:72-85. [PMID: 30497910 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to better understand why milking-induced prolactin (PRL) release decreases as lactation advances. Experiment 1 compared the effects of milking, 2-min manual stimulation of the mammary gland (without milking), or injection of 1 IU of oxytocin (without milking) on hormonal release in early lactation cows, late-lactation and nongestating cows, and late-lactation and gestating cows (n = 6 per physiological status). Blood samples were collected from 20 min before the start of the treatments to 60 min after. During milking, PRL release (area under the curve above the baseline) was greater in the early lactation cows than in the late-lactation cows but was unaffected by gestation. Lactation stage and gestation did not affect PRL release by manual stimulation. Oxytocin did not induce a significant release of PRL or cortisol. Cortisol release was unaffected by physiological status and was similar for milking and mammary stimulation. Milking-induced β-endorphin release was not affected by physiological status. Experiment 2 compared the effects of milking, 2-min manual stimulation, or 10-min manual stimulation in cows in early (n = 6) and late (n = 6) lactation. Prolactin release was greater in the early lactation cows than in the late-lactation cows for all 3 treatments. A 10-min manual stimulation induced greater PRL release than a 2-min stimulation did. Cortisol release was greater in the early lactation cows but was similar among the 3 treatments. Experiment 3 compared the effects of a 5-min manual stimulation and the injection of domperidone (a dopamine antagonist) in cows in early (n = 6) and late (n = 6) lactation. Manually induced PRL release was greater in the early lactation cows than in the late-lactation cows. Prolactin release was greater with domperidone injection than with manual stimulation and was not affected by lactation stage. Thus, the reduction of milking-induced PRL release in late lactation is not a consequence of the lower sensitivity of the mammary gland to stimulation, a shorter milking time, the gestation stage, or the reduced capacity of the pituitary gland to secrete PRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lacasse
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Séverinne Ollier
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
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172
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Abstract
Brief stereotaxic insertion and removal of a microneedle into the hippocampus of mice result in stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis. This approach has been previously applied to a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (Song et al., Cell Transplant 25:1853-1861, 2016). Further studies of fundamental cellular mechanisms of the brain's response to micro-injury will be useful for investigation of potential neuroprotective and deleterious effects of targeted microlesions and deep brain stimulation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurology, James A. Haley VAH Research Service, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Xiaoyung Kong
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- College of Medicine Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- College of Medicine Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Juan Sanchez-Ramos
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurology, James A. Haley VAH Research Service, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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173
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Del Piccolo A, Rocchesso D, Papetti S. Path Following in Non-Visual Conditions. IEEE Trans Haptics 2019; 12:56-67. [PMID: 30072341 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2018.2861767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Path-following tasks have been investigated mostly under visual conditions, that is when subjects are able to see both the path and the tool, or limb, used for navigation. Moreover, only basic path shapes are usually adopted. In the present experiment, participants must rely exclusively on continuous, non-speech, and ecological auditory and vibrotactile cues to follow a path on a flat surface. Two different, asymmetric path shapes were tested. Participants navigated by moving their index finger over a surface sensing position and force. Results show that the different non-visual feedback modes did not affect the task's accuracy, yet they affected its speed, with vibrotactile feedback causing the slowest gestures. Also, vibrotactile feedback caused participants to exert more force over the surface. Finally, the shape of the path was relevant to the accuracy, and participants tended to prefer audio over vibrotactile and audio-tactile feedback.
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174
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Riganello F, Chatelle C, Schnakers C, Laureys S. Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Nociceptive Pain in Disorders of Consciousness? J Pain Symptom Manage 2019; 57:47-56. [PMID: 30267843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Heart rate variability is thought to reflect the affective and physiological aspects of pain and is emerging as a possible descriptor of the functional brain organization contributing to homeostasis. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the short-term Complexity Index (CIs), a measure of heart rate variability complexity is useful to discriminate responses to potentially noxious and nonnoxious stimulation in patients with different levels of consciousness. METHODS Twenty-two patients (11 minimally conscious state [MCS], 11 vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome [VS/UWS]) and 14 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. We recorded the electrocardiographic response and calculated the CIs before (baseline), during, and after nonnoxious and noxious stimulation. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon's tests were used to investigate differences in CIs according to the level of consciousness (i.e., HC vs. patients and VS/UWS vs. MCS) and the three conditions (i.e., baseline, nonnoxious, noxious). The correlation between the three conditions and the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised was investigated by Spearman's correlations. RESULTS We observed higher CIs values in HC as compared with patients during the baseline (P < 0.034) and after the noxious stimulation (P < 0.0001). We also found higher values in MCS versus VS/UWS patients after the noxious condition (P < 0.001) and lower values in the noxious versus nonnoxious condition solely for the VS/UWS group (P < 0.007). A correlation was found between CIs in noxious condition and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised scores. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a less complex autonomic response to noxious stimuli in VS/UWS patients. Such method may help to better understand sympathovagal response to potentially painful stimulation in brain-injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Riganello
- GIGA Consciousness, Coma Science Group, Liège, Belgium; Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), S.Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy.
| | - Camille Chatelle
- GIGA Consciousness, Coma Science Group, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory for NeuroImaging of Coma and Consciousness, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline Schnakers
- Neurosurgery Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Research Institute, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers of Healthcare, Pomona, California, USA
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175
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Ferdek MA, Adamczyk AK, van Rijn CM, Oosterman JM, Wyczesany M. Pain catastrophizing is associated with altered EEG effective connectivity during pain‑related mental imagery. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2019; 79:53-72. [PMID: 31038485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pain catastrophizing - defined as a tendency to exaggerate the threat value or seriousness of experienced pain ‑ has been shown to be a risk factor for pain chronification. However, the neural basis of pain catastrophizing remains unclear and requires thorough investigation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between pain catastrophizing and effective connectivity of the pain systems in healthy participants. EEG data were collected during an induced state of pain‑related negative, depressive, positive and neutral mental imagery conditions, and pain catastrophizing tendencies were measured by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. The Directed Transfer Function, a method based on Granger causality principles, was used to assess the effective connectivity. Linear mixed effects analyses revealed a negative relationship between pain catastrophizing and beta information flow from the right temporal cortex to the frontal regions and a positive relationship between pain catastrophizing and increased beta information flow from the right somatosensory cortices to the right temporal cortices when thinking about pain. These patterns were not found in other imagery conditions. Taken together, this study suggests that individual differences in pain catastrophizing might be related to an altered frontotemporal regulatory loop and increased connectivity between pain and affective systems. Our study reveals connectivity patterns related to pain catastrophizing tendencies that are detectable even in pain‑free, healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Ferdek
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland;
| | | | - Clementina M van Rijn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje M Oosterman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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176
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Abstract
The details of auditory response at the subthreshold level in the rodent primary somatosensory cortex, the barrel cortex, have not been studied extensively, although several phenomenological reports have been published. Multisensory features may act as neuronal representations of links between inputs from one sensory modality to other sensory modalities. Here, we examined the basic multisensory postsynaptic responses in the rodent barrel cortex using in vivo whole-cell recordings of neurons. We observed robust responses to acoustic stimuli in most barrel cortex neurons. Acoustically evoked responses were mediated by hearing and reached approximately 60% of the postsynaptic response amplitude elicited by strong somatosensory stimuli. Compared to tactile stimuli, auditory stimuli evoked postsynaptic potentials with a longer latency and longer duration. Specifically, auditory stimuli in barrel cortex neurons appeared to trigger "up states", episodes associated with membrane depolarization and increased synaptic activity. Taken together, our data suggest that barrel cortex neurons have multisensory properties, with distinct synaptic mechanisms underlying tactile and non-tactile responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko T. Maruyama
- Department of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science Technology, Takayama, Japan
| | - Shoji Komai
- Department of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science Technology, Takayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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177
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Nesti A, Rognini G, Herbelin B, Bülthoff HH, Chuang L, Blanke O. Modulation of vection latencies in the full-body illusion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209189. [PMID: 30562381 PMCID: PMC6298644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current neuroscientific models of bodily self-consciousness (BSC) argue that inaccurate integration of sensory signals leads to altered states of BSC. Indeed, using virtual reality technology, observers viewing a fake or virtual body while being exposed to tactile stimulation of the real body, can experience illusory ownership over-and mislocalization towards-the virtual body (Full-Body Illusion, FBI). Among the sensory inputs contributing to BSC, the vestibular system is believed to play a central role due to its importance in estimating self-motion and orientation. This theory is supported by clinical evidence that vestibular loss patients are more prone to altered BSC states, and by recent experimental evidence that visuo-vestibular conflicts can disrupt BSC in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, the contribution of vestibular information and self-motion perception to BSC remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the relationship between alterations of BSC and self-motion sensitivity in healthy individuals. Fifteen participants were exposed to visuo-vibrotactile conflicts designed to induce an FBI, and subsequently to visual rotations that evoked illusory self-motion (vection). We found that synchronous visuo-vibrotactile stimulation successfully induced the FBI, and further observed a relationship between the strength of the FBI and the time necessary for complete vection to arise. Specifically, higher self-reported FBI scores across synchronous and asynchronous conditions were associated to shorter vection latencies. Our findings are in agreement with clinical observations that vestibular loss patients have higher FBI susceptibility and lower vection latencies, and argue for increased visual over vestibular dependency during altered states of BSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nesti
- Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AN); (OB)
| | - Giulio Rognini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich H. Bülthoff
- Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lewis Chuang
- Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AN); (OB)
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178
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Guo X, Lyu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Xiang J, Pan C, Flor H, Tong S. Correlates of Residual Limb Pain: From Residual Limb Length and Usage to Metabolites and Activity in Secondary Somatosensory Cortex. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 27:96-104. [PMID: 30530331 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2885146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Most recent studies attribute residual limb pain to peripheral pathological changes of the stump. However, in this paper, we focus on its associations with the residual limb length, usage, as well as the metabolic and functional alterations of the brain. The secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), one important area involved in pain intensity discrimination, was selected as the region of interest. Twenty-two upper-limb amputees were recruited and divided into two groups, i.e., amputees with residual limb pain (9/22) and without residual limb pain (13/22). The residual limb length, usage, as well as the metabolite concentration, resting-state activity and BOLD responses to the tactile stimulation in the contralateral S2, were compared between the two groups and correlated with the pain intensity. The amputees with residual limb pain showed significantly shorter length and less usage of the residual limb than the amputees without residual limb pain, and the pain intensity was significantly negatively correlated with the residual limb length and usage. In addition, the pain intensity was significantly correlated with the tNAA/tCr ratio, resting-state fALFF in the slow-4 band, and BOLD response to the tactile stimulation in the contralateral S2, although there were no significant group differences. Regression analysis suggested that residual limb pain is associated with shorter residual limb length and less residual limb usage.
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179
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Ono F. The Effect of Ratio of Changing to Static Stimuli on the Attentional Capture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17438. [PMID: 30487576 PMCID: PMC6261988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that appearing or disappearing objects attract more attention than static objects. This study examined the modulation of attention attracted by transient signals by systematically manipulating the ratio of changing (appearing/disappearing) to static stimuli. The results revealed that the effect of transient stimuli in attracting attention was diminished by simultaneously appearing (disappearing) peripheral stimuli and that the position where nothing was presented (the remaining stimulus) attracted attention when the number of appearing (disappearing) peripheral stimuli was increased. These findings suggest that the sudden change does not always capture attention, and whether changed things are attended or unchanged things are attended is determined depending on the proportion of things that change and do not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Ono
- Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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180
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Inyang KE, Szabo-Pardi T, Wentworth E, McDougal TA, Dussor G, Burton MD, Price TJ. The antidiabetic drug metformin prevents and reverses neuropathic pain and spinal cord microglial activation in male but not female mice. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:1-16. [PMID: 30391353 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed drug used in the treatment of type II diabetes. While the drug has many mechanisms of action, most of these converge on AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), which metformin activates. AMPK is a multifunctional kinase that is a negative regulator of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Activation of AMPK decreases the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and AMPK activators are effective in reducing chronic pain in inflammatory, post-surgical and neuropathic rodent models. We have previously shown that metformin leads to an enduring resolution of neuropathic pain in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model in male mice and rats. The precise mechanism underlying this long-lasting effect is not known. We conducted experiments to investigate the effects of metformin on SNI-induced microglial activation, a process implicated in the maintenance of neuropathic pain that has recently been shown to be sexually dimorphic. We find that metformin is effective at inhibiting development of neuropathic pain when treatment is given around the time of injury and that metformin is likewise effective at reversing neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity when treatment is initiation weeks after injury. This effect is linked to decreased Iba-1 staining in the dorsal horn, a marker of microglial activation. Importantly, these positive behavioral and microglia effects of metformin were only observed in male mice. We conclude that the neuropathic pain modifying effects of metformin are sex-specific supporting a differential role for microglial activation in male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kufreobong E Inyang
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Thomas Szabo-Pardi
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Emma Wentworth
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Timothy A McDougal
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Michael D Burton
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, United States.
| | - Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, United States.
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181
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von Bornstädt D, Gertz K, Lagumersindez Denis N, Seners P, Baron JC, Endres M. Sensory stimulation in acute stroke therapy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1682-1689. [PMID: 30073883 PMCID: PMC6168904 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18791073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of cortical activation for functional recovery after ischemic stroke have been well described. However, little is known about the role of early sensory stimulation, i.e. stimulation during first 6 h after stroke onset even during acute treatment. In recent years, various preclinical studies reported significant effects of acute sensory stimulation that range from entire neuroprotection to increased infarct volumes by 30-50%. Systematic knowledge about the effect of acute sensory stimulation on stroke outcome is highly relevant as stroke patients are subject to uncontrolled sensory stimulation during transport, acute treatment, and critical care. This article discusses the current stage of knowledge about acute sensory stimulation and provides directions for future experimental and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Bornstädt
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Gertz
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nielsen Lagumersindez Denis
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Seners
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, INSERM U894, France
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, INSERM U894, France
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
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182
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Klein C, Caumo W, Gélinas C, Patines V, Pilger T, Lopes A, Backes FN, Villas-Boas DF, Vieira SRR. Validation of Two Pain Assessment Tools Using a Standardized Nociceptive Stimulation in Critically Ill Adults. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018; 56:594-601. [PMID: 30009967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) or the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) are recommended in practice guidelines for pain assessment in critically ill adults unable to self-report. However, their use in another language requires cultural adaptation and validation testing. OBJECTIVES Cross-cultural adaptation of the CPOT and BPS English versions into Brazilian Portuguese, and their validation by comparing behavioral scores during rest, standardized nociceptive stimulation by pressure algometry (SNSPA), and turning were completed. In addition, we explored clinical variables that could predict the CPOT and BPS scores. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted with 168 medical-surgical critically ill adults unable to self-report in the intensive care unit. Two nurses were trained to use the CPOT and BPS Brazilian Portuguese versions at the following assessments: 1) baseline at rest, 2) after SNSPA with a pressure of 14 kgf/cm2, 3) during turning, and 4) 15 minutes after turning. RESULTS Inter-rater reliability of nurses' CPOT and BPS scores was supported by high weighted kappa >0.7. Discriminative validation was supported with higher CPOT and BPS scores during SNSPA or turning in comparison to baseline (P < 0.001). The Glasgow Coma Scale score was the only variable that predicted CPOT and BPS scores with explained variance of 44.5% and 55.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The use of the Brazilian CPOT and BPS versions showed good reliability and validity in critically ill adults unable to self-report. A standardized procedure, the SNSPA, was used for the first time in the validation process of these tools and helped us improve the validation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristini Klein
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Clinicas Hospital from Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain & Neuromodulation, HCPA/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain & Neuromodulation, HCPA/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Céline Gélinas
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valéria Patines
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Clinicas Hospital from Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pilger
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Clinicas Hospital from Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Lopes
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Clinicas Hospital from Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Neiva Backes
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Clinicas Hospital from Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Débora Feijó Villas-Boas
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Clinicas Hospital from Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rios Vieira
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Clinicas Hospital from Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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183
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Uzieliene I, Bernotas P, Mobasheri A, Bernotiene E. The Role of Physical Stimuli on Calcium Channels in Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102998. [PMID: 30275359 PMCID: PMC6212952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are becoming increasingly popular in tissue engineering. They are the most frequently used stem cell source for clinical applications due to their high potential to differentiate into several lineages. Cartilage is known for its low capacity for self-maintenance and currently there are no efficient methods to improve cartilage repair. Chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC isolated from different tissues is widely employed due to a high clinical demand for the improvement of cartilage regeneration. Calcium channels that are regulated by physical stimuli seem to play a pivotal role in chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. These channels increase intracellular calcium concentration, which leads to the initiation of the relevant cellular processes that are required for differentiation. This review will focus on the impact of different physical stimuli, including electrical, electromagnetic/magnetic and mechanical on various calcium channels and calcium signaling mechanisms during chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Paulius Bernotas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK.
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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184
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Apkhazava M, Kvachadze I, Tsagareli M, Mzhavanadze D, Chakhnashvili M. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THERMAL PAIN SENSATION, FREE TESTOSTERONE, TRPV1, MOR LEVELS AND VARIOUS DEGREES OF HOSTILITY IN YOUNG HEALTHY MALES. Georgian Med News 2018:109-114. [PMID: 30516504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large number of studies consider gonadal hormones as factors influencing pain perception by changing the activity of nociceptive and antinociceptive systems. Recent studies indicate that testosterone, along with some other gonadal hormones, plays a key role in the regulation of TRPV1 and MOR expression. In addition, some works focus on the relationship between pain sensation and hostility indices, as well as their interaction with gonadal hormones. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship of thermal sensation and pain threshold with free testosterone, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1(TRPV1) and µ-opioid receptor (MOR) protein levels as well as various degrees of hostility in young healthy males. Significant positive correlation is found between heat pain threshold, free testosterone and MOR levels. Each of these parameters significantly correlates positively with various degrees of assault and insignificantly with that of verbal and indirect hostility. They also significantly correlate negatively with various degrees of irritability, resentment, suspicion and guilt. Significant negative correlation is detected between heat pain threshold and TRPV1 level as well as free testosterone and TRPV1 level. The relationship among cold pain threshold, free testosterone, TRPV1, MOR levels and hostility indices is insignificant. Consequently, we consider it to the purpose to further studies in this direction including interaction among other forms of pain sensation and psychological indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Apkhazava
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Physiology, Georgia
| | - I Kvachadze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Physiology, Georgia
| | - M Tsagareli
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Physiology, Georgia
| | - D Mzhavanadze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Physiology, Georgia
| | - M Chakhnashvili
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Physiology, Georgia
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185
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Tamura K, Hamakawa M, Okamoto T. Olfactory modulation of colour working memory: How does citrus-like smell influence the memory of orange colour? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203876. [PMID: 30212534 PMCID: PMC6136778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory modulation of vision is not well understood whereas visual modulation of olfaction has been more fully investigated. This study aimed to reveal in a simple manner whether there is olfactory modulation of colour working memory using an odour that induces a citrus-like smell and is associated with orange colours. We assumed that the odour would have modulatory effects on the colour information stored in working memory. To clarify whether these effects are supportive or disruptive, during the colour working memory task we measured an event-related potential component, P3, which is involved in attentional processes of working memory. The results indicated that odour presentation mediated a decline in the rate of correct guesses for orange colours. Furthermore, the odour suppressed P3 during reddish-colour retrieval, including orange. These results suggest that colour working memory in orange can be disrupted via olfactory modulation with citrus-like odours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tamura
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hamakawa
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Okamoto
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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186
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Hautasaari P, Kujala UM, Tarkka IM. Detecting differences with magnetoencephalography of somatosensory processing after tactile and electrical stimuli. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 311:331-337. [PMID: 30218670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deviant stimuli within a standard, frequent stimulus train induce a cortical somatosensory mismatch response (SMMR). The SMMR reflects the brain's automatic mechanism for the detection of change in a somatosensory domain. It is usually elicited by electrical stimulation, which activates nerve fibers and receptors in superficial and deep skin layers, whereas tactile stimulation is closer to natural stimulation and activates uniform fiber types. We recorded SMMRs after electrical and tactile stimuli. METHOD 306-channel magnetoencephalography recordings were made with 16 healthy adults under two conditions: electrical (eSMMR) and tactile (tSMMR) stimulations. The SMMR protocol consisted of 1000 stimuli with 10% deviants to fingers. RESULTS Sensor-level analysis revealed stronger activation after deviant stimulation in bilateral channel locations approximately corresponding to parietal cortical areas within both stimulation conditions. Between conditions, deviant tSMMR showed stronger activation in the ipsilateral channels. Based on sensor-level results, two components, M50 and SMMR (40-58 and 110-185 ms), were compared at the source-level. Deviant stimulation elicited stronger contralateral SI activation during M50 component in both conditions. SMMR was observed with both conditions, activating contralateral SII after deviant stimulation. However, only tSMMR showed long latency activation in bilateral SI cortices. This suggests that there is an integration of both body sides during the automatic stages of tactile processing in SI cortices. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that tactile stimulation (tSMMR) is a feasible method for investigating the brain's mechanism for detecting somatosensory changes; this may extend the clinical utility of tSMMR for assessing disorders involving altered somatosensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Hautasaari
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Jyväskylä Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ina M Tarkka
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Jyväskylä Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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187
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Hanson A, Burrell BD. Are the persistent effects of "gate control" stimulation on nociception a form of generalization of habituation that is endocannabinoid-dependent? Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:361-370. [PMID: 30196136 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive activation of non-nociceptive afferents is known to attenuate nociceptive signaling. However, the functional details of how this modulatory process operates are not understood and this has been a barrier in using such stimuli to effectively treat chronic pain. The present study tests the hypothesis that the ability of repeated non-nociceptive stimuli to reduce nociception is a form of generalized habituation from the non-nociceptive stimulus-response pathway to the nociceptive pathway. Habituation training, using non-nociceptive mechanosensory stimuli, did reduce responses to nociceptive thermal stimulation. This generalization of habituation to nociceptive stimuli required endocannabinoid-mediated neuromodulation, although disrupting of endocannabinoid signaling did not affect "direct" habituation of to the non-nociceptive stimulus. Surprisingly, the reduced response to nociceptive stimuli following habituation training was very long-lasting (3-8 days). This long-term habituation required endocannabinoid signaling during the training/acquisition phase, but endocannabinoids were not required for post-training retention phase. The implications of these results are that applying principles of habituation learning could potentially improve anti-nociceptive therapies utilizing repeated non-nociceptive stimulation such as transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), or electro-acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hanson
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States
| | - Brian D Burrell
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States.
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188
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Strzalkowski NDJ, Peters RM, Inglis JT, Bent LR. Cutaneous afferent innervation of the human foot sole: what can we learn from single-unit recordings? J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1233-1246. [PMID: 29873612 PMCID: PMC6171067 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00848.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous afferents convey exteroceptive information about the interaction of the body with the environment and proprioceptive information about body position and orientation. Four classes of low-threshold mechanoreceptor afferents innervate the foot sole and transmit feedback that facilitates the conscious and reflexive control of standing balance. Experimental manipulation of cutaneous feedback has been shown to alter the control of gait and standing balance. This has led to a growing interest in the design of intervention strategies that enhance cutaneous feedback and improve postural control. The advent of single-unit microneurography has allowed the firing and receptive field characteristics of foot sole cutaneous afferents to be investigated. In this review, we consolidate the available cutaneous afferent microneurographic recordings from the foot sole and provide an analysis of the firing threshold, and receptive field distribution and density of these cutaneous afferents. This work enhances the understanding of the foot sole as a sensory structure and provides a foundation for the continued development of sensory augmentation insoles and other tactile enhancement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D J Strzalkowski
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - Ryan M Peters
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - J Timothy Inglis
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Leah R Bent
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
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189
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Huk A, Bonnen K, He BJ. Beyond Trial-Based Paradigms: Continuous Behavior, Ongoing Neural Activity, and Natural Stimuli. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7551-7558. [PMID: 30037835 PMCID: PMC6113904 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1920-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of experiments examining perception and behavior are conducted using experimental paradigms that adhere to a rigid trial structure: each trial consists of a brief and discrete series of events and is regarded as independent from all other trials. The assumptions underlying this structure ignore the reality that natural behavior is rarely discrete, brain activity follows multiple time courses that do not necessarily conform to the trial structure, and the natural environment has statistical structure and dynamics that exhibit long-range temporal correlation. Modern advances in statistical modeling and analysis offer tools that make it feasible for experiments to move beyond rigid independent and identically distributed trial structures. Here we review literature that serves as evidence for the feasibility and advantages of moving beyond trial-based paradigms to understand the neural basis of perception and cognition. Furthermore, we propose a synthesis of these efforts, integrating the characterization of natural stimulus properties with measurements of continuous neural activity and behavioral outputs within the framework of sensory-cognitive-motor loops. Such a framework provides a basis for the study of natural statistics, naturalistic tasks, and/or slow fluctuations in brain activity, which should provide starting points for important generalizations of analytical tools in neuroscience and subsequent progress in understanding the neural basis of perception and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Huk
- Center for Perceptual Systems,
- Institute for Neuroscience
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, and
| | | | - Biyu J He
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Physiology, and Radiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
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190
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Li J, Shen J, Liu S, Chauvel M, Yang W, Mei J, Lei L, Wu L, Gao J, Yang Y. Responses of Patients with Disorders of Consciousness to Habit Stimulation: A Quantitative EEG Study. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:691-699. [PMID: 30019216 PMCID: PMC6060212 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether habit stimulation is effective in DOC patient arousal has not been reported. In this paper, we analyzed the responses of DOC patients to habit stimulation. Nineteen DOC patients with alcohol consumption or smoking habits were recruited and 64-channel EEG signals were acquired both at the resting state and at three stimulation states. Wavelet transformation and nonlinear dynamics were used to extract the features of EEG signals and four brain lobes were selected to investigate the degree of EEG response to habit stimulation. Results showed that the highest degree of EEG response was from the call-name stimulation, followed by habit and music stimulations. Significant differences in EEG wavelet energy and response coefficient were found both between habit and music stimulation, and between habit and call-name stimulation. These findings prove that habit stimulation induces relatively more intense EEG responses in DOC patients than music stimulation, suggesting that it may be a relevant additional method for eliciting patient arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Li
- Ming Zhou Nao Kang Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiamin Shen
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shiqin Liu
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Maelig Chauvel
- Paris Descartes University, 45 Rue des Saints-Peres, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Wenwei Yang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jian Mei
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ling Lei
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Li Wu
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Rehabilitation Center, Wu Jing Hospital, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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191
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Bian D, Zheng Z, Swanson A, Weitlauf A, Woynaroski T, Cascio CJ, Key AP, Warren Z, Sarkar N. A Novel Multisensory Stimulation and Data Capture System (MADCAP) for Investigating Sensory Trajectories in Infancy. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:1526-1534. [PMID: 30004880 PMCID: PMC9430828 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2854672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sensory processing differences, including responses to auditory, visual, and tactile stimuli, are ideal targets for early detection of neurodevelopmental risks, such as autism spectrum disorder. However, most existing studies focus on the audiovisual paradigm and ignore the sense of touch. In this paper, we present a multisensory delivery system that can deliver audio, visual, and tactile stimuli in a controlled manner and capture peripheral physiological, eye gaze, and electroencephalographic response data. The novelty of the system is the ability to provide affective touch. In particular, we have developed a tactile stimulation device that delivers tactile stimuli to infants with precisely controlled brush stroking speed and force on the skin. A usability study of 10 3-20 month-old infants was conducted to investigate the tolerability and feasibility of the system. Results have shown that the system is well tolerated by infants and all the data were collected robustly. This paper paves the way for future studies charting the sensory response trajectories in infancy.
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192
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Worthy SE, Haynes L, Chambers M, Bethune D, Kan E, Chung K, Ota R, Taylor CJ, Glater EE. Identification of attractive odorants released by preferred bacterial food found in the natural habitats of C. elegans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201158. [PMID: 30036396 PMCID: PMC6056031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Food choice is critical for survival because organisms must choose food that is edible and nutritious and avoid pathogenic food. Many organisms, including the nematode C. elegans, use olfaction to detect and distinguish among food sources. C. elegans exhibits innate preferences for the odors of different bacterial species. However, little is known about the preferences of C. elegans for bacterial strains isolated from their natural environment as well as the attractive volatile compounds released by preferred natural bacteria isolates. We tested food odor preferences of C. elegans for non-pathogenic bacteria found in their natural habitats. We found that C. elegans showed a preference for the odor of six of the eight tested bacterial isolates over its standard food source, E. coli HB101. Using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that four of six attractive bacterial isolates (Alcaligenes sp. JUb4, Providenica sp. JUb5, Providencia sp. JUb39, and Flavobacteria sp. JUb43) released isoamyl alcohol, a well-studied C. elegans attractant, while both non-attractive isolates (Raoultella sp. JUb38 and Acinetobacter sp. JUb68) released very low or non-detectable amounts of isoamyl alcohol. In conclusion, we find that isoamyl alcohol is likely an ethologically relevant odor that is released by some attractive bacterial isolates in the natural environment of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soleil E. Worthy
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Lillian Haynes
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa Chambers
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Danika Bethune
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Kan
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan Ota
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Charles J. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth E. Glater
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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193
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Chen JC, Macerollo A, Sadnicka A, Lu MK, Tsai CH, Korlipara P, Bhatia K, Rothwell JC, Edwards MJ. Cervical dystonia: Normal auditory mismatch negativity and abnormal somatosensory mismatch negativity. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1947-1954. [PMID: 30015084 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous electrophysiological and psychophysical tests have suggested that somatosensory integration is abnormal in dystonia. Here, we hypothesised that this abnormality could relate to a more general deficit in pre-attentive error/deviant detection in patients with dystonia. We therefore tested patients with dystonia and healthy subjects using a mismatch negativity paradigm (MMN), where evoked potentials generated in response to a standard repeated stimulus are subtracted from the responses to a rare "odd ball" stimulus. METHODS We assessed MMN for somatosensory and auditory stimuli in patients with cervical dystonia and healthy age matched controls. RESULTS We found a significant group ∗ oddball type interaction effect (F (1, 34) = 4.5, p = 0.04, ρI = 0.63). A follow up independent t-test for sMMN data, showed a smaller sMMN amplitude in dystonic patients compared to controls (mean difference control-dystonia: -1.0 µV ± 0.3, p < 0.00, t = -3.1). However the amplitude of aMMN did not differ between groups (mean difference control-dystonia: -0.2 µV ± 0.2, p = 0.24, t = -1.2). We found a positive correlation between somatosensory MMN and somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pre-attentive error/deviant detection, specifically in the somatosensory domain, is abnormal in dystonia. This could underlie some previously reported electrophysiological and psychophysical abnormalities of somatosensory integration in dystonia. SIGNIFICANCE One could hypothesize a deficit in pre-conscious orientation towards potentially salient signals might lead to a more conservative threshold for decision-making in dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Cheng Chen
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Antonella Macerollo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anna Sadnicka
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Min-Kuei Lu
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Prasad Korlipara
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Kailash Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John C Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mark J Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London
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194
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Che A, Babij R, Iannone AF, Fetcho RN, Ferrer M, Liston C, Fishell G, De Marco García NV. Layer I Interneurons Sharpen Sensory Maps during Neonatal Development. Neuron 2018; 99:98-116.e7. [PMID: 29937280 PMCID: PMC6152945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal mammal faces an array of sensory stimuli when diverse neuronal types have yet to form sensory maps. How these inputs interact with intrinsic neuronal activity to facilitate circuit assembly is not well understood. By using longitudinal calcium imaging in unanesthetized mouse pups, we show that layer I (LI) interneurons, delineated by co-expression of the 5HT3a serotonin receptor (5HT3aR) and reelin (Re), display spontaneous calcium transients with the highest degree of synchrony among cell types present in the superficial barrel cortex at postnatal day 6 (P6). 5HT3aR Re interneurons are activated by whisker stimulation during this period, and sensory deprivation induces decorrelation of their activity. Moreover, attenuation of thalamic inputs through knockdown of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in these interneurons results in expansion of whisker responses, aberrant barrel map formation, and deficits in whisker-dependent behavior. These results indicate that recruitment of specific interneuron types during development is critical for adult somatosensory function. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Che
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rachel Babij
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andrew F Iannone
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert N Fetcho
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Monica Ferrer
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gord Fishell
- Harvard Medical School and the Stanley Center at the Broad, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Natalia V De Marco García
- Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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195
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Schwarz M, Ward EC, Ross J, Semciw A. Impact of thermo-tactile stimulation on the speed and efficiency of swallowing: a systematic review. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2018; 53:675-688. [PMID: 29566298 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A delayed or absent swallow reflex is common in dysphagia and can have a significant impact on swallow safety. Recent clinical practice survey data have supported the fact that clinicians continue to use thermo-tactile stimulation (TTS) as a strategy to stimulate key nerve pathways and evoke a swallow reflex for patients with a delayed or absent swallow reflex. AIMS To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of TTS as a compensatory and/or rehabilitative tool. METHODS & PROCEDURES A search performed on CINAHL, Medline and Speech Bite identified 599 articles. After removing duplicates, the titles and abstracts of 458 articles were assessed for eligibility; 426 articles were deemed to be clearly ineligible and the remaining 32 full-text articles were further screened for inclusion. Ten of these studies were included in this review. MAIN CONTRIBUTION The results of this review highlight the lack of available evidence in this area and give support to the view that there is only low-level evidence for use of TTS as a compensatory strategy immediately before a swallow. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS There is low-level evidence to support the use of TTS. Current best practice would be to use TTS on a case-by-case basis, following detailed instrumental assessment and evaluation of its efficacy for an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schwarz
- Speech Pathology Department, Logan Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Logan, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Ward
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane Ross
- Speech Pathology Department, Logan Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Logan, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam Semciw
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, Princes Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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196
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Dall'Orso S, Steinweg J, Allievi AG, Edwards AD, Burdet E, Arichi T. Somatotopic Mapping of the Developing Sensorimotor Cortex in the Preterm Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:2507-2515. [PMID: 29901788 PMCID: PMC5998947 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mature mammalian brain, the primary somatosensory and motor cortices are known to be spatially organized such that neural activity relating to specific body parts can be somatopically mapped onto an anatomical "homunculus". This organization creates an internal body representation which is fundamental for precise motor control, spatial awareness and social interaction. Although it is unknown when this organization develops in humans, animal studies suggest that it may emerge even before the time of normal birth. We therefore characterized the somatotopic organization of the primary sensorimotor cortices using functional MRI and a set of custom-made robotic tools in 35 healthy preterm infants aged from 31 + 6 to 36 + 3 weeks postmenstrual age. Functional responses induced by somatosensory stimulation of the wrists, ankles, and mouth had a distinct spatial organization as seen in the characteristic mature homunculus map. In comparison to the ankle, activation related to wrist stimulation was significantly larger and more commonly involved additional areas including the supplementary motor area and ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex. These results are in keeping with early intrinsic determination of a somatotopic map within the primary sensorimotor cortices. This may explain why acquired brain injury in this region during the preterm period cannot be compensated for by cortical reorganization and therefore can lead to long-lasting motor and sensory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dall'Orso
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Steinweg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - A G Allievi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A D Edwards
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Burdet
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T Arichi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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197
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Morash VS, Russomanno A, Gillespie RB, O'Modhrain S. Evaluating Approaches to Rendering Braille Text on a High-Density Pin Display. IEEE Trans Haptics 2018; 11:476-481. [PMID: 29035226 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2017.2762666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Refreshable displays for tactile graphics are typically composed of pins that have smaller diameters and spacing than standard braille dots. We investigated configurations of high-density pins to form braille text on such displays using non-refreshable stimuli produced with a 3D printer. Normal dot braille (diameter 1.5 mm) was compared to high-density dot braille (diameter 0.75 mm) wherein each normal dot was rendered by high-density simulated pins alone or in a cluster of pins configured in a diamond, X, or square; and to "blobs" that could result from covering normal braille and high-density multi-pin configurations with a thin membrane. Twelve blind participants read MNREAD sentences displayed in these conditions. For high-density simulated pins, single pins were as quickly and easily read as normal braille, but diamond, X, and square multi-pin configurations were slower and/or harder to read than normal braille. We therefore conclude that as long as center-to-center dot spacing and dot placement is maintained, the dot diameter may be open to variability for rendering braille on a high density tactile display.
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198
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Ogrinc M, Farkhatdinov I, Walker R, Burdet E. Sensory integration of apparent motion speed and vibration magnitude. IEEE Trans Haptics 2018; 11:455-463. [PMID: 29990130 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2017.2772232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tactile apparent motion can display directional information in an intuitive way. It can for example be used to give directions to visually impaired individuals, or for waypoint navigation while cycling on busy streets, when vision or audition should not be loaded further. However, although humans can detect very short tactile patterns, discriminating between similar motion speeds has been shown to be difficult. Here we develop and investigate a method where the speed of tactile apparent motion around the user's wrist is coupled with vibration magnitude. This redundant coupling is used to produce tactile patterns from slow&weak to fast&strong. We compared the just noticeable difference (JND) of the coupled and the individual variables. The results show that the perception of the coupled variable can be characterised by JND smaller than JNDs of the individual variables. This allowed us to create short tactile pattens (tactons) for display of direction and speed, which can be distinguished significantly better than tactons based on motion alone. Additionally, most subjects were also able to identify the coupled-variable tactons better than the magnitude-based tactons.
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199
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Kimm S, Choi JS. Sensory and motivational modulation of immediate and delayed defensive responses under dynamic threat. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 307:84-94. [PMID: 29959001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the wide variations in defensive behaviors displayed by rats during predator encounters, most laboratory studies have focused on a limited number of behaviors, such as immobility in a small enclosure. Other defensive behaviors such as withdrawal and avoidance have been less investigated. NEW METHOD Rats repeatedly encountered a fast threatening motion (snapping claws) of a robot predator. The robot was equipped with infrared sensors (millisecond resolution) to detect head entry. A camera placed above arena tracked the body position (sub-second resolution). Sensory and motivational components regulating rats' behaviors were investigated. RESULTS The rats exhibited head-withdrawal reflex (HWR). The mean HWR speed depended on both the visual and vibrissal inputs. However, successful escape depended on the vibrissal input. Auditory information later induced conditioned HWR. Slower defensive behaviors such as the stretched posture and freezing were modulated by repeated exposure and motivation level. Introducing a food pellet induced higher rates of approach and elongated posture while reducing time spent hiding and freezing. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) An encounter with a fast-striking claw, while foraging for food is more ethologically relevant than dermal shocks, which have been widely used for studying defensive behaviors among rats. More diverse behavioral patterns were observed. CONCLUSION A combination of fast and slow defensive behaviors was exhibited in rats when they were exposed to a dynamic threat. Thus, the use of the new dynamic threat model will allow for a more accurate investigation of the various aspects of defensive behavior and emotional regulation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwhi Kimm
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, South Korea
| | - June-Seek Choi
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, South Korea.
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200
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Hidaka S, Kanai Y, Takehana S, Syoji Y, Kubota Y, Uotsu N, Yui K, Shimazu Y, Takeda M. Systemic administration of α-lipoic acid suppresses excitability of nociceptive wide-dynamic range neurons in rat spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Neurosci Res 2018; 144:14-20. [PMID: 29885345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although a modulatory role has been reported for α-lipoic acid (LA) on T-type Ca2+ channels in the nervous system, the acute effects of LA in vivo, particularly on nociceptive transmission in the trigeminal system, remain to be determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether acute intravenous LA administration to rats attenuates the excitability of wide dynamic range (WDR) spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons in response to nociceptive and non-nociceptive mechanical stimulation in vivo. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from seventeen SpVc neurons in response to orofacial mechanical stimulation of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Responses to both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli were analyzed in the present study. The mean firing frequency of SpVc WDR neurons in response to both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli was significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by LA (1-100 mM, i.v.) and maximum inhibition of the discharge frequency of both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli was seen within 5 min. These inhibitory effects lasted for approximately 10 min. These results suggest that acute intravenous LA administration suppresses trigeminal sensory transmission, including nociception, via possibly blocking T-type Ca2+ channels. LA may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of trigeminal nociceptive pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hidaka
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Y Kanai
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - S Takehana
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Y Syoji
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Y Kubota
- FANCL Health Science Research Center, Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, 12-13, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0806, Japan
| | - N Uotsu
- FANCL Health Science Research Center, Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, 12-13, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0806, Japan
| | - K Yui
- FANCL Health Science Research Center, Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, 12-13, Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0806, Japan
| | - Y Shimazu
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
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