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Paschalis A, Fatichi S, Zscheischler J, Ciais P, Bahn M, Boysen L, Chang J, De Kauwe M, Estiarte M, Goll D, Hanson PJ, Harper AB, Hou E, Kigel J, Knapp AK, Larsen KS, Li W, Lienert S, Luo Y, Meir P, Nabel JEMS, Ogaya R, Parolari AJ, Peng C, Peñuelas J, Pongratz J, Rambal S, Schmidt IK, Shi H, Sternberg M, Tian H, Tschumi E, Ukkola A, Vicca S, Viovy N, Wang YP, Wang Z, Williams K, Wu D, Zhu Q. Rainfall manipulation experiments as simulated by terrestrial biosphere models: Where do we stand? Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3336-3355. [PMID: 32012402 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in rainfall amounts and patterns have been observed and are expected to continue in the near future with potentially significant ecological and societal consequences. Modelling vegetation responses to changes in rainfall is thus crucial to project water and carbon cycles in the future. In this study, we present the results of a new model-data intercomparison project, where we tested the ability of 10 terrestrial biosphere models to reproduce the observed sensitivity of ecosystem productivity to rainfall changes at 10 sites across the globe, in nine of which, rainfall exclusion and/or irrigation experiments had been performed. The key results are as follows: (a) Inter-model variation is generally large and model agreement varies with timescales. In severely water-limited sites, models only agree on the interannual variability of evapotranspiration and to a smaller extent on gross primary productivity. In more mesic sites, model agreement for both water and carbon fluxes is typically higher on fine (daily-monthly) timescales and reduces on longer (seasonal-annual) scales. (b) Models on average overestimate the relationship between ecosystem productivity and mean rainfall amounts across sites (in space) and have a low capacity in reproducing the temporal (interannual) sensitivity of vegetation productivity to annual rainfall at a given site, even though observation uncertainty is comparable to inter-model variability. (c) Most models reproduced the sign of the observed patterns in productivity changes in rainfall manipulation experiments but had a low capacity in reproducing the observed magnitude of productivity changes. Models better reproduced the observed productivity responses due to rainfall exclusion than addition. (d) All models attribute ecosystem productivity changes to the intensity of vegetation stress and peak leaf area, whereas the impact of the change in growing season length is negligible. The relative contribution of the peak leaf area and vegetation stress intensity was highly variable among models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Paschalis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Fatichi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lena Boysen
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Martin De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Anna B Harper
- Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Enqing Hou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jaime Kigel
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Klaus S Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anthony J Parolari
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Serge Rambal
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Inger K Schmidt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hao Shi
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Marcelo Sternberg
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Elisabeth Tschumi
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Ukkola
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Viovy
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research and Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Aspendale, Vic., Australia
| | - Zhuonan Wang
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Donghai Wu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuan Zhu
- Center for Ecological Forecasting and Global Change, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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202
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Boonman CCF, Benítez‐López A, Schipper AM, Thuiller W, Anand M, Cerabolini BEL, Cornelissen JHC, Gonzalez‐Melo A, Hattingh WN, Higuchi P, Laughlin DC, Onipchenko VG, Peñuelas J, Poorter L, Soudzilovskaia NA, Huijbregts MAJ, Santini L. Assessing the reliability of predicted plant trait distributions at the global scale. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2020; 29:1034-1051. [PMID: 32612452 PMCID: PMC7319484 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Predictions of plant traits over space and time are increasingly used to improve our understanding of plant community responses to global environmental change. A necessary step forward is to assess the reliability of global trait predictions. In this study, we predict community mean plant traits at the global scale and present a systematic evaluation of their reliability in terms of the accuracy of the models, ecological realism and various sources of uncertainty. LOCATION Global. TIME PERIOD Present. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Vascular plants. METHODS We predicted global distributions of community mean specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen concentration, plant height and wood density with an ensemble modelling approach based on georeferenced, locally measured trait data representative of the plant community. We assessed the predictive performance of the models, the plausibility of predicted trait combinations, the influence of data quality, and the uncertainty across geographical space attributed to spatial extrapolation and diverging model predictions. RESULTS Ensemble predictions of community mean plant height, specific leaf area and wood density resulted in ecologically plausible trait-environment relationships and trait-trait combinations. Leaf nitrogen concentration, however, could not be predicted reliably. The ensemble approach was better at predicting community trait means than any of the individual modelling techniques, which varied greatly in predictive performance and led to divergent predictions, mostly in African deserts and the Arctic, where predictions were also extrapolated. High data quality (i.e., including intraspecific variability and a representative species sample) increased model performance by 28%. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Plant community traits can be predicted reliably at the global scale when using an ensemble approach and high-quality data for traits that mostly respond to large-scale environmental factors. We recommend applying ensemble forecasting to account for model uncertainty, using representative trait data, and more routinely assessing the reliability of trait predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline C. F. Boonman
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Ana Benítez‐López
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
- Integrative Ecology GroupEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Aafke M. Schipper
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyThe Haguethe Netherlands
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, University of Savoie Mont BlancLECA, Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineGrenobleFrance
| | - Madhur Anand
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Andres Gonzalez‐Melo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MatemáticasUniversidad del RosarioBogotaColombia
| | - Wesley N. Hattingh
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Pedro Higuchi
- Forestry DepartmentSanta Catarina State UniversityLagesBrazil
| | | | | | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, VallèsCataloniaSpain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CEAB‐UABCataloniaSpain
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental SciencesLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Mark A. J. Huijbregts
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Luca Santini
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
- National Research CouncilInstitute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR‐IRET)MonterotondoItaly
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203
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Zuccarini P, Asensio D, Ogaya R, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Effects of seasonal and decadal warming on soil enzymatic activity in a P-deficient Mediterranean shrubland. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3698-3714. [PMID: 32159881 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil enzymes are central in the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change, and their study can be crucial for the models' implementation. We investigated for 1 year the effects of warming and seasonality on the potential activities of five soil extracellular enzymes and their relationships with soil moisture, phosphorus (P) concentration, and other soil parameters in a P-limited Mediterranean semiarid shrubland. The site was continuously subjected to warming since 1999, and we compared data from this study to analogous data from 2004. Warming uniformly increased all enzymes activities, but only when a sufficient amount of soil water was available. Seasonality unevenly altered enzyme activities, thus affecting enzymatic stoichiometry. P deficiency affected enzymatic stoichiometry, favoring the activities of the phosphatases. The effect of warming was stronger in 2014 than 2004, excluding the hypothesis of acclimation of rhizospheric responses to higher temperatures and suggesting that further increases in extracellular enzymatic activities are to be expected if sufficient water is available. Climatic warming will likely generally stimulate soil enzymatic activities and accelerate nutrient mineralization and similar ecological processes such as the production and degradation of biomass and changes in community composition, but which will be limited by water availability, especially in Mediterranean soils in summer. Winters in such ecosystems will benefit from a general increase in activity and production, but biological activity could even decrease in summer, potentially leading to a negative overall balance of nutrient mineralization. This study suggests that a general increase in activity due to warming could lead to faster mineralization of soil organic matter and water consumption in colder climates, until one of these factors in turn becomes limiting. Such trade-offs between water and temperature in relation with enzyme activity should be considered in biogeochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zuccarini
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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204
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Franklin O, Harrison SP, Dewar R, Farrior CE, Brännström Å, Dieckmann U, Pietsch S, Falster D, Cramer W, Loreau M, Wang H, Mäkelä A, Rebel KT, Meron E, Schymanski SJ, Rovenskaya E, Stocker BD, Zaehle S, Manzoni S, van Oijen M, Wright IJ, Ciais P, van Bodegom PM, Peñuelas J, Hofhansl F, Terrer C, Soudzilovskaia NA, Midgley G, Prentice IC. Organizing principles for vegetation dynamics. Nat Plants 2020; 6:444-453. [PMID: 32393882 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants and vegetation play a critical-but largely unpredictable-role in global environmental changes due to the multitude of contributing processes at widely different spatial and temporal scales. In this Perspective, we explore approaches to master this complexity and improve our ability to predict vegetation dynamics by explicitly taking account of principles that constrain plant and ecosystem behaviour: natural selection, self-organization and entropy maximization. These ideas are increasingly being used in vegetation models, but we argue that their full potential has yet to be realized. We demonstrate the power of natural selection-based optimality principles to predict photosynthetic and carbon allocation responses to multiple environmental drivers, as well as how individual plasticity leads to the predictable self-organization of forest canopies. We show how models of natural selection acting on a few key traits can generate realistic plant communities and how entropy maximization can identify the most probable outcomes of community dynamics in space- and time-varying environments. Finally, we present a roadmap indicating how these principles could be combined in a new generation of models with stronger theoretical foundations and an improved capacity to predict complex vegetation responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Franklin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Roderick Dewar
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Åke Brännström
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Japan
| | - Stephan Pietsch
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Falster
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Cramer
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity, Theory, and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karin T Rebel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ehud Meron
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Stanislaus J Schymanski
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elena Rovenskaya
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcel van Oijen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Edinburgh), Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Florian Hofhansl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Cesar Terrer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Midgley
- Department Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, UK
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205
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Wang Q, Lv W, Li B, Zhou Y, Jiang L, Piao S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Meng F, Liu P, Hong H, Li Y, Dorji T, Luo C, Zhang Z, Ciais P, Peñuelas J, Kardol P, Zhou H, Wang S. Annual ecosystem respiration is resistant to changes in freeze-thaw periods in semi-arid permafrost. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:2630-2641. [PMID: 31883193 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Warming in cold regions alters freezing and thawing (F-T) of soil in winter, exposing soil organic carbon to decomposition. Carbon-rich permafrost is expected to release more CO2 to the atmosphere through ecosystem respiration (Re) under future climate scenarios. However, the mechanisms of the responses of freeze-thaw periods to climate change and their coupling with Re in situ are poorly understood. Here, using 2 years of continuous data, we test how changes in F-T events relate to annual Re under four warming levels and precipitation addition in a semi-arid grassland with discontinuous alpine permafrost. Warming shortened the entire F-T period because the frozen period shortened more than the extended freezing period. It decreased total Re during the F-T period mainly due to decrease in mean Re rate. However, warming did not alter annual Re because of reduced soil water content and the small contribution of total Re during the F-T period to annual Re. Although there were no effects of precipitation addition alone or interactions with warming on F-T events, precipitation addition increased total Re during the F-T period and the whole year. This decoupling between changes in soil freeze-thaw events and annual Re could result from their different driving factors. Our results suggest that annual Re could be mainly determined by soil water content rather than by change in freeze-thaw periods induced by warming in semi-arid alpine permafrost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wangwang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fandong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- College of Grassland, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tsechoe Dorji
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Northwestern Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Caiyun Luo
- Northwestern Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Northwestern Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environment, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwestern Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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206
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Thomas HJD, Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Kattge J, Diaz S, Vellend M, Blok D, Cornelissen JHC, Forbes BC, Henry GHR, Hollister RD, Normand S, Prevéy JS, Rixen C, Schaepman-Strub G, Wilmking M, Wipf S, Cornwell WK, Beck PSA, Georges D, Goetz SJ, Guay KC, Rüger N, Soudzilovskaia NA, Spasojevic MJ, Alatalo JM, Alexander HD, Anadon-Rosell A, Angers-Blondin S, Te Beest M, Berner LT, Björk RG, Buchwal A, Buras A, Carbognani M, Christie KS, Collier LS, Cooper EJ, Elberling B, Eskelinen A, Frei ER, Grau O, Grogan P, Hallinger M, Heijmans MMPD, Hermanutz L, Hudson JMG, Johnstone JF, Hülber K, Iturrate-Garcia M, Iversen CM, Jaroszynska F, Kaarlejarvi E, Kulonen A, Lamarque LJ, Lantz TC, Lévesque E, Little CJ, Michelsen A, Milbau A, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nielsen SS, Ninot JM, Oberbauer SF, Olofsson J, Onipchenko VG, Petraglia A, Rumpf SB, Shetti R, Speed JDM, Suding KN, Tape KD, Tomaselli M, Trant AJ, Treier UA, Tremblay M, Venn SE, Vowles T, Weijers S, Wookey PA, Zamin TJ, Bahn M, Blonder B, van Bodegom PM, Bond-Lamberty B, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Chapin FS, Craine JM, Dainese M, Green WA, Jansen S, Kleyer M, Manning P, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Ozinga WA, Peñuelas J, Poschlod P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schamp BS, Sheremetiev SN, de Vries FT. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1351. [PMID: 32165619 PMCID: PMC7067758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J D Thomas
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK.
| | - A D Bjorkman
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I H Myers-Smith
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
| | - S C Elmendorf
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - J Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Diaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Av.Velez Sarsfield 299, Cordoba, Argentina
- FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - D Blok
- Dutch Research Council, (NWO), Postbus 93460, 2509 AL, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - J H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - G H R Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - R D Hollister
- Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, 3300a Kindschi Hall of Science, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - S Normand
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J S Prevéy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - C Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - G Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Swiss National Park, Runatsch 124, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, 7530, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - W K Cornwell
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - P S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, Ispra, 21027, Italy
| | - D Georges
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
- International Agency for Research in Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - S J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 1295S Knoles Dr, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - K C Guay
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, Maine, 04544, USA
| | - N Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Luis Clement Avenue, Bldg. 401 Tupper, Balboa Ancón, Panama
| | - N A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M J Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Life Sciences Building, Eucalyptus Dr #2710, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - J M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - H D Alexander
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, 39762, USA
| | - A Anadon-Rosell
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Angers-Blondin
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
| | - M Te Beest
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L T Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 1295S Knoles Dr, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - R G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Buchwal
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680, Poznan, Poland
- University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - A Buras
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - M Carbognani
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - K S Christie
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA
| | - L S Collier
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - E J Cooper
- Deptartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Bioscences Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - B Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - A Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa, Oulu, Finland
| | - E R Frei
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - O Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - P Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Hallinger
- Biology Department, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M M P D Heijmans
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Hermanutz
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - J M G Hudson
- British Columbia Public Service, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J F Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - K Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Iturrate-Garcia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6134, USA
| | - F Jaroszynska
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK
| | - E Kaarlejarvi
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Brussles, Belgium
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box, 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kulonen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - L J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - T C Lantz
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, David Turpin Building, B243, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - E Lévesque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - C J Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, the Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - A Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 bus 73, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Nabe-Nielsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - S S Nielsen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J M Ninot
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - J Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - V G Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow State Lomonosov University, 119234, Moscow, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - A Petraglia
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - S B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Shetti
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K N Suding
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - K D Tape
- Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Engineering Learning and Innovation Facility (ELIF), Suite 240, 1764 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA
| | - M Tomaselli
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - A J Trant
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - U A Treier
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Tremblay
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - S E Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - T Vowles
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Weijers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - P A Wookey
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - T J Zamin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, 3 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, 8000 Co Rd 317, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - P M van Bodegom
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - G Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine-Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Univeristy of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - B E L Cerabolini
- DBSV-University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - F S Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - J M Craine
- Jonah Ventures, 1600 Range Street Suite 201, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - M Dainese
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Alpine Environment, EURAC Research, Viale Druso, 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - W A Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - S Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Kleyer
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - P Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ü Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Y Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - W A Ozinga
- Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Ave. N., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - B Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - B S Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste., Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - S N Sheremetiev
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popova Street, 2, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - F T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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207
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Verryckt LT, Van Langenhove L, Ciais P, Courtois EA, Vicca S, Peñuelas J, Stahl C, Coste S, Ellsworth DS, Posada JM, Obersteiner M, Chave J, Janssens IA. Coping with branch excision when measuring leaf net photosynthetic rates in a lowland tropical forest. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Elodie A. Courtois
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA) Université de Guyane CNRS IFREMER Cayenne French Guiana
| | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Cerdanyola del Valles Barcelona Spain
| | - Clément Stahl
- UMR Ecofog, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Cirad INRA Université des Antilles Université de Guyane Kourou France
| | - Sabrina Coste
- UMR Ecofog, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Cirad INRA Université des Antilles Université de Guyane Kourou France
| | - David S. Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Juan M. Posada
- Biology Department Faculty of Natural Sciences Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Laxenburg Austria
| | - Jérôme Chave
- UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique Université Paul Sabatier CNRS Toulouse France
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208
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He Y, Peng S, Liu Y, Li X, Wang K, Ciais P, Arain MA, Fang Y, Fisher JB, Goll D, Hayes D, Huntzinger DN, Ito A, Jain AK, Janssens IA, Mao J, Matteo C, Michalak AM, Peng C, Peñuelas J, Poulter B, Qin D, Ricciuto DM, Schaefer K, Schwalm CR, Shi X, Tian H, Vicca S, Wei Y, Zeng N, Zhu Q. Global vegetation biomass production efficiency constrained by models and observations. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:1474-1484. [PMID: 31560157 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants use only a fraction of their photosynthetically derived carbon for biomass production (BP). The biomass production efficiency (BPE), defined as the ratio of BP to photosynthesis, and its variation across and within vegetation types is poorly understood, which hinders our capacity to accurately estimate carbon turnover times and carbon sinks. Here, we present a new global estimation of BPE obtained by combining field measurements from 113 sites with 14 carbon cycle models. Our best estimate of global BPE is 0.41 ± 0.05, excluding cropland. The largest BPE is found in boreal forests (0.48 ± 0.06) and the lowest in tropical forests (0.40 ± 0.04). Carbon cycle models overestimate BPE, although models with carbon-nitrogen interactions tend to be more realistic. Using observation-based estimates of global photosynthesis, we quantify the global BP of non-cropland ecosystems of 41 ± 6 Pg C/year. This flux is less than net primary production as it does not contain carbon allocated to symbionts, used for exudates or volatile carbon compound emissions to the atmosphere. Our study reveals a positive bias of 24 ± 11% in the model-estimated BP (10 of 14 models). When correcting models for this bias while leaving modeled carbon turnover times unchanged, we found that the global ecosystem carbon storage change during the last century is decreased by 67% (or 58 Pg C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwen Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Paris, France
| | - M Altaf Arain
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences and McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua B Fisher
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Hayes
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Deborah N Huntzinger
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Akihiko Ito
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Campioli Matteo
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anna M Michalak
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Changhui Peng
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Biology Science Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Institute on Ecosystems and the Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Dahe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel M Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kevin Schaefer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher R Schwalm
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Biology Science Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yaxing Wei
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qiuan Zhu
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Biology Science Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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209
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Soong JL, Janssens IA, Grau O, Margalef O, Stahl C, Van Langenhove L, Urbina I, Chave J, Dourdain A, Ferry B, Freycon V, Herault B, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Verbruggen E. Soil properties explain tree growth and mortality, but not biomass, across phosphorus-depleted tropical forests. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2302. [PMID: 32041976 PMCID: PMC7010742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed strong positive relationships between soil properties and forest dynamics of growth and mortality across twelve primary lowland tropical forests in a phosphorus-poor region of the Guiana Shield. Average tree growth (diameter at breast height) increased from 0.81 to 2.1 mm yr-1 along a soil texture gradient from 0 to 67% clay, and increasing metal-oxide content. Soil organic carbon stocks in the top 30 cm ranged from 30 to 118 tons C ha-1, phosphorus content ranged from 7 to 600 mg kg-1 soil, and the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ranged from 0 to 50%, all positively correlating with soil clay, and iron and aluminum oxide and hydroxide content. In contrast, already low extractable phosphorus (Bray P) content decreased from 4.4 to <0.02 mg kg-1 in soil with increasing clay content. A greater prevalence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in more clayey forests that had higher tree growth and mortality, but not biomass, indicates that despite the greater investment in nutrient uptake required, soils with higher clay content may actually serve to sustain high tree growth in tropical forests by avoiding phosphorus losses from the ecosystem. Our study demonstrates how variation in soil properties that retain carbon and nutrients can help to explain variation in tropical forest growth and mortality, but not biomass, by requiring niche specialization and contributing to biogeochemical diversification across this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Soong
- Climate and Ecosystem Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA.
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium.
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Oriol Grau
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CIRAD, UMR Ecofog (AgroParisTech, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Olga Margalef
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clément Stahl
- INRAE, UMR, Ecofog, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, France
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Ifigenia Urbina
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jerome Chave
- Paul Sabatier University, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurelie Dourdain
- CIRAD, UMR Ecofog (AgroParisTech, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Bruno Ferry
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Freycon
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Herault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
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210
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Van Sundert K, Radujković D, Cools N, De Vos B, Etzold S, Fernández-Martínez M, Janssens IA, Merilä P, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Stendahl J, Terrer C, Vicca S. Towards comparable assessment of the soil nutrient status across scales-Review and development of nutrient metrics. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:392-409. [PMID: 31437331 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient availability influences virtually every aspect of an ecosystem, and is a critical modifier of ecosystem responses to global change. Although this crucial role of nutrient availability in regulating ecosystem structure and functioning has been widely acknowledged, nutrients are still often neglected in observational and experimental synthesis studies due to difficulties in comparing the nutrient status across sites. In the current study, we explain different nutrient-related concepts and discuss the potential of soil-, plant- and remote sensing-based metrics to compare the nutrient status across space. Based on our review and additional analyses on a dataset of European, managed temperate and boreal forests (ICP [International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests] Forests dataset), we conclude that the use of plant- and remote sensing-based metrics that rely on tissue stoichiometry is limited due to their strong dependence on species identity. The potential use of other plant-based metrics such as Ellenberg indicator values and plant-functional traits is also discussed. We conclude from our analyses and review that soil-based metrics have the highest potential for successful intersite comparison of the nutrient status. As an example, we used and adjusted a soil-based metric, previously developed for conifer forests across Sweden, against the same ICP Forests data. We suggest that this adjusted and further adaptable metric, which included the organic carbon concentration in the upper 20 cm of the soil (including the organic fermentation-humus [FH] layer), the C:N ratio and pH CaCl 2 of the FH layer, can be used as a complementary tool along with other indicators of nutrient availability, to compare the background nutrient status across temperate and boreal forests dominated by spruce, pine or beech. Future collection and provision of harmonized soil data from observational and experimental sites is crucial for further testing and adjusting the metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Van Sundert
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dajana Radujković
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Bruno De Vos
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Sophia Etzold
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Päivi Merilä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Johan Stendahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - César Terrer
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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211
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Wang M, Wang C, Lan X, Abid AA, Xu X, Singla A, Sardans J, Llusià J, Peñuelas J, Wang W. Coupled steel slag and biochar amendment correlated with higher methanotrophic abundance and lower CH 4 emission in subtropical paddies. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:483-497. [PMID: 31342217 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic methanotrophs in paddies serve as methane (CH4) filters and thereby reduce CH4 emissions. Amending soil with waste products can mitigate CH4 emissions in crops, but little is known about the impacts of amendments with steel slag and biochar on the populations and activities of aerobic methanotrophs in rice cropland. We used real-time quantitative PCR detecting system and high-throughput sequencing to determine the effects of slag and biochar amendments on CH4 emission, abundance, and community structure of methanotrophs, and the relationships between soil properties and the abundance and community composition of methanotrophs during the rice growing season in both early and late paddies. Soil salinity and pH were significantly higher for an amendment with both slag and biochar than the control in both the early and late paddies, and pH was significantly higher for a slag amendment in the late paddy. Cumulative CH4 emission was lower for the slag and slag + biochar amendments than the control in early paddy by-34.1%. Methanotrophic abundance was three- and sixfold higher for the slag + biochar amendment than the control in the early and late paddies (p < 0.05), respectively. The abundance of different groups of methanotrophs varied among the treatments. The relative abundance of Methylosarcina was higher for the slag amendment than the control, and the relative abundance of Methylomonas was lower for biochar, and slag + biochar amendments than the control. The relative abundance of Methylocystis was higher for the slag and slag + biochar amendments than the control in the early paddy, and the relative abundance of Methylocystis was higher for the slag, biochar, and slag + biochar amendments in the late paddy. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the higher abundance of methanotrophic bacteria for the slag and slag + biochar amendments was correlated with soil pH, salinity, soil organic carbon, and C/N ratio, and the relative abundances of Methylocystis, Methylomonas, and Methylosarcina were associated with the effective mitigation of CH4 emission in the paddies. A discriminant general analysis indicated that the total population of methanotrophs was larger for the slag + biochar amendment than the control, and that this effect was only weakly correlated with changes in the soil properties, demonstrating that this effect on the size and species composition of methanotrophic soil populations was mostly associated with a direct effect of the slag + biochar amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoying Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Xingfu Lan
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Abbas Ali Abid
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuping Xu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Ankit Singla
- Regional Centre of Organic Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751-021, India
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joan Llusià
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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212
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De Gruyter J, Weedon JT, Bazot S, Dauwe S, Fernandez-Garberí PR, Geisen S, De La Motte LG, Heinesch B, Janssens IA, Leblans N, Manise T, Ogaya R, Löfvenius MO, Peñuelas J, Sigurdsson BD, Vincent G, Verbruggen E. Patterns of local, intercontinental and interseasonal variation of soil bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5719567. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Although ongoing research has revealed some of the main drivers behind global spatial patterns of microbial communities, spatio-temporal dynamics of these communities still remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate spatio-temporal variability of both bacterial and eukaryotic soil microbial communities at local and intercontinental scales. We compare how temporal variation in community composition scales with spatial variation in community composition, and explore the extent to which bacteria, protists, fungi and metazoa have similar patterns of temporal community dynamics. All soil microbial groups displayed a strong correlation between spatial distance and community dissimilarity, which was related to the ratio of organism to sample size. Temporal changes were variable, ranging from equal to local between-sample variation, to as large as that between communities several thousand kilometers apart. Moreover, significant correlations were found between bacterial and protist communities, as well as between protist and fungal communities, indicating that these microbial groups change in tandem, potentially driven by interactions between them. We conclude that temporal variation can be considerable in soil microbial communities, and that future studies need to consider temporal variation in order to reliably capture all drivers of soil microbiome changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan De Gruyter
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - James T Weedon
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Bazot
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Steven Dauwe
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pere-Roc Fernandez-Garberí
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Gourlez De La Motte
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Niki Leblans
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tanguy Manise
- AGROBIOCHEM Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bjarni D Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, IS-311 Borgarnes, Iceland
| | - Gaëlle Vincent
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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213
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Lanuza OR, Espelta JM, Peñuelas J, Peguero G. Assessing intraspecific trait variability during seedling establishment to improve restoration of tropical dry forests. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R. Lanuza
- Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria Estelí Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN Managua/FAREM Estelí) 49 Estelí Nicaragua
| | | | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08913 Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB CSIC Bellaterra 08913 Spain
| | - Guille Peguero
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08913 Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB CSIC Bellaterra 08913 Spain
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214
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Sun Y, Goll DS, Ciais P, Peng S, Margalef O, Asensio D, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Spatial Pattern and Environmental Drivers of Acid Phosphatase Activity in Europe. Front Big Data 2020; 2:51. [PMID: 33693374 PMCID: PMC7931918 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid phosphatase produced by plants and microbes plays a fundamental role in the recycling of soil phosphorus (P). A quantification of the spatial variation in potential acid phosphatase activity (AP) on large spatial scales and its drivers can help to reduce the uncertainty in our understanding of bio-availability of soil P. We applied two machine-learning methods (Random forests and back-propagation artificial networks) to simulate the spatial patterns of AP across Europe by scaling up 126 site observations of potential AP activity from field samples measured in the laboratory, using 12 environmental drivers as predictors. The back-propagation artificial network (BPN) method explained 58% of AP variability, more than the regression tree model (49%). In addition, BPN was able to identify the gradients in AP along three transects in Europe. Partial correlation analysis revealed that soil nutrients (total nitrogen, total P, and labile organic P) and climatic controls (annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and temperature amplitude) were the dominant factors influencing AP variations in space. Higher AP occurred in regions with higher mean annual temperature, precipitation and higher soil total nitrogen. Soil TP and Po were non-monotonically correlated with modeled AP for Europe, indicating diffident strategies of P utilization by biomes in arid and humid area. This study helps to separate the influences of each factor on AP production and to reduce the uncertainty in estimating soil P availability. The BPN model trained with European data, however, could not produce a robust global map of AP due to the lack of representative measurements of AP for tropical regions. Filling this data gap will help us to understand the physiological basis of P-use strategies in natural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Daniel S. Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de 1'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Olga Margalef
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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215
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Huang Y, Ciais P, Goll DS, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Cresto-Aleina F, Zhang H. The shift of phosphorus transfers in global fisheries and aquaculture. Nat Commun 2020; 11:355. [PMID: 31953430 PMCID: PMC6969157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global fish production (capture and aquaculture) has increased quickly, which has altered global flows of phosphorus (P). Here we show that in 2016, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2.04_{1.59}^{3.09}$$\end{document}2.041.593.09 Tg P yr−1 (mean and interquartile range) was applied in aquaculture to increase fish production; while \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$1.10_{1.04}^{1.14}$$\end{document}1.101.041.14 Tg P yr−1 was removed from aquatic systems by fish harvesting. Between 1950 and 1986, P from fish production went from aquatic towards the land-human systems. This landward P peaked at 0.54 Tg P yr−1, representing a large but overlooked P flux that might benefit land activities under P scarcity. After 1986, the landward P flux decreased significantly, and became negative around 2004, meaning that humans spend more P to produce fish than harvest P in fish capture. An idealized pathway to return to the balanced anthropogenic P flow would require the mean phosphorus use efficiency (the ratio of harvested to input P) of aquaculture to be increased from a current value of 20% to at least 48% by 2050 — a big challenge. Despite growing aquaculture production and environmental concerns on phosphorus (P) enrichment, the P budgets of fisheries have been largely overlooked. Here, Huang et al. calculate global fishery P budgets and estimate P use efficiency for a wide range of aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. .,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, 3195, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Phillipe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fabio Cresto-Aleina
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Haicheng Zhang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department Geoscience, Environment and Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
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216
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Preece C, Peñuelas J. A Return to the Wild: Root Exudates and Food Security. Trends Plant Sci 2020; 25:14-21. [PMID: 31648938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Challenges to food security under conditions of global change are forcing us to increase global crop production. Focussing on belowground plant traits, especially root exudation, has great promise to meet this challenge. Root exudation is the release of a vast array of compounds into the soil. These exudates are involved in many biotic and abiotic interactions. Wild relatives of crops provide a large potential source of information and genetic material and have desirable traits that could be incorporated into modern breeding programs. However, root exudates are currently underexploited. Here, we highlight how the traits of root exudates of crop wild relatives could be used to improve agricultural output and reduce environmental impacts, particularly by decreasing our dependence on pesticides and fertilisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Preece
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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217
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Van Langenhove L, Depaepe T, Vicca S, van den Berge J, Stahl C, Courtois E, Weedon J, Urbina I, Grau O, Asensio D, Peñuelas J, Boeckx P, Richter A, Van Der Straeten D, Janssens IA. Regulation of nitrogen fixation from free-living organisms in soil and leaf litter of two tropical forests of the Guiana shield. Plant Soil 2020; 450:93-110. [PMID: 32624623 PMCID: PMC7319290 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-019-04012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is the main pathway for introducing N into unmanaged ecosystems. While recent estimates suggest that free-living N fixation (FLNF) accounts for the majority of N fixed in mature tropical forests, the controls governing this process are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to quantify FLNF rates and determine its drivers in two tropical pristine forests of French Guiana. METHODS We used the acetylene reduction assay to measure FLNF rates at two sites, in two seasons and along three topographical positions, and used regression analyses to identify which edaphic explanatory variables, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) content, pH, water and available N and P, explained most of the variation in FLNF rates. RESULTS Overall, FLNF rates were lower than measured in tropical systems elsewhere. In soils seasonal variability was small and FLNF rates differed among topographies at only one site. Water, P and pH explained 24% of the variation. In leaf litter, FLNF rates differed seasonally, without site or topographical differences. Water, C, N and P explained 46% of the observed variation. We found no regulatory role of Mo at our sites. CONCLUSIONS Rates of FLNF were low in primary rainforest on poor soils on the Guiana shield. Water was the most important rate-regulating factor and FLNF increased with increasing P, but decreased with increasing N. Our results support the general assumption that N fixation in tropical lowland forests is limited by P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Van Langenhove
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, KL Belgium
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Joke van den Berge
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Clement Stahl
- INRA, UMR Ecology of Guiana Forests (Ecofog), AgroParisTech, Cirad, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97387 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Elodie Courtois
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Laboratoire Ecologie, évolution, interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, French Guiana, 97300 Cayenne, France
| | - James Weedon
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ifigenia Urbina
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia Spain
| | - Oriol Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia Spain
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, KL Belgium
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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218
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Lian X, Piao S, Li LZX, Li Y, Huntingford C, Ciais P, Cescatti A, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J, Buermann W, Chen A, Li X, Myneni RB, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zeng Z, Zhang Y, McVicar TR. Summer soil drying exacerbated by earlier spring greening of northern vegetation. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax0255. [PMID: 31922002 PMCID: PMC6941915 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Earlier vegetation greening under climate change raises evapotranspiration and thus lowers spring soil moisture, yet the extent and magnitude of this water deficit persistence into the following summer remain elusive. We provide observational evidence that increased foliage cover over the Northern Hemisphere, during 1982-2011, triggers an additional soil moisture deficit that is further carried over into summer. Climate model simulations independently support this and attribute the driving process to be larger increases in evapotranspiration than in precipitation. This extra soil drying is projected to amplify the frequency and intensity of summer heatwaves. Most feedbacks operate locally, except for a notable teleconnection where extra moisture transpired over Europe is transported to central Siberia. Model results illustrate that this teleconnection offsets Siberian soil moisture losses from local spring greening. Our results highlight that climate change adaptation planning must account for the extra summer water and heatwave stress inherited from warming-induced earlier greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lian
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Laurent Z. X. Li
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France
| | - Yue Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chris Huntingford
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Alessandro Cescatti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, I-21027 Ispra (Varese), Italy
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Buermann
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 46907, USA
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ranga B. Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Yilong Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Yuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Key Lab of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tim R. McVicar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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219
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Sperlich D, Chang CT, Peñuelas J, Sabaté S. Responses of photosynthesis and component processes to drought and temperature stress: are Mediterranean trees fit for climate change? Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1783-1805. [PMID: 31553458 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is raising concerns about the acclimatory capacity of trees and forests, especially in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. The sensitivity of photosynthesis to temperature is a key uncertainty for projecting the magnitude of terrestrial feedbacks on future climate change. While boreal, temperate and tropical species have been comparatively well investigated, our study provides the first comprehensive overview of the seasonal acclimatory responses of photosynthesis and its component processes to temperature in four Mediterranean climax species under natural conditions. We quantified seasonal changes in the responses of net photosynthesis (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyllic conductance (gm) and electron-transport rate (Jcf), and investigated their sensitivity to drought and temperature stress in sunlit and shaded leaves of four Mediterranean tree species (Quercus ilex L., Pinus halepensis Mill., Arbutus unedo L. and Quercus pubescens Willd.). Sunlit leaves, but not shaded leaves, showed a pronounced seasonality in the temperature responses of Anet, gs, gm and Jcf. All four species and variables showed a remarkably dynamic and consistent acclimation of the thermal optimum (Topt), reaching peaks in summer ~29-32 °C. Changes in the shape of the response curves were, however, highly species-specific. Under severe drought, Topt of all variables were on average 22-29% lower. This was accompanied by narrower response curves above all in P. halepensis, reducing the optimal range for photosynthesis to the cooler morning or evening periods. Wider temperature-response curves and less strict stomatal control under severe drought were accompanied by wilting and drought-induced leaf shedding in Q. ilex and Q. pubescens and by additional branch dieback in A. unedo. Mild winter conditions led to a high Topt (~19.1-22.2 °C), benefitting the evergreen species, especially P. halepensis. Seasonal acclimation of Anet was explained better by gs and gm being less pronounced in Jcf. Drought was thus a key factor, in addition to growth temperature, to explain seasonal acclimation of photosynthesis. Severe drought periods may exceed more frequently the high acclimatory capacity of Mediterranean trees to high ambient temperatures, which could lead to reduced growth, increased leaf shedding and, for some species such as A. unedo, increased mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sperlich
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Germany
| | - C T Chang
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), University of Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Sabaté
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), University of Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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220
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Halbritter AH, De Boeck HJ, Eycott AE, Reinsch S, Robinson DA, Vicca S, Berauer B, Christiansen CT, Estiarte M, Grünzweig JM, Gya R, Hansen K, Jentsch A, Lee H, Linder S, Marshall J, Peñuelas J, Kappel Schmidt I, Stuart‐Haëntjens E, Wilfahrt P, Vandvik V, Abrantes N, Almagro M, Althuizen IHJ, Barrio IC, te Beest M, Beier C, Beil I, Berry ZC, Birkemoe T, Bjerke JW, Blonder B, Blume‐Werry G, Bohrer G, Campos I, Cernusak LA, Chojnicki BH, Cosby BJ, Dickman LT, Djukic I, Filella I, Fuchslueger L, Gargallo‐Garriga A, Gillespie MAK, Goldsmith GR, Gough C, Halliday FW, Joar Hegland S, Hoch G, Holub P, Jaroszynska F, Johnson DM, Jones SB, Kardol P, Keizer JJ, Klem K, Konestabo HS, Kreyling J, Kröel‐Dulay G, Landhäusser SM, Larsen KS, Leblans N, Lebron I, Lehmann MM, Lembrechts JJ, Lenz A, Linstädter A, Llusià J, Macias‐Fauria M, Malyshev AV, Mänd P, Marshall M, Matheny AM, McDowell N, Meier IC, Meinzer FC, Michaletz ST, Miller ML, Muffler L, Oravec M, Ostonen I, Porcar‐Castell A, Preece C, Prentice IC, Radujković D, Ravolainen V, Ribbons R, Ruppert JC, Sack L, Sardans J, Schindlbacher A, Scoffoni C, Sigurdsson BD, Smart S, Smith SW, Soper F, Speed JDM, Sverdrup‐Thygeson A, Sydenham MAK, Taghizadeh‐Toosi A, Telford RJ, Tielbörger K, Töpper JP, Urban O, Ploeg M, Van Langenhove L, Večeřová K, Ven A, Verbruggen E, Vik U, Weigel R, Wohlgemuth T, Wood LK, Zinnert J, Zurba K. The handbook for standardized field and laboratory measurements in terrestrial climate change experiments and observational studies (ClimEx). Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aud H. Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Hans J. De Boeck
- Department of Biology Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Universiteit Antwerpen Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Amy E. Eycott
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture Nord University Steinkjer Norway
| | - Sabine Reinsch
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Environment Centre Wales Bangor UK
| | | | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Universiteit Antwerpen Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Bernd Berauer
- Department of Disturbance Ecology University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | | | - Marc Estiarte
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Spain
- CREAF Vallès Spain
| | - José M. Grünzweig
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Ragnhild Gya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Karin Hansen
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Stockholm Sweden
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute IVL Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Hanna Lee
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Bergen Norway
| | - Sune Linder
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Spain
- CREAF Vallès Spain
| | - Inger Kappel Schmidt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | | | - Peter Wilfahrt
- Department of Disturbance Ecology University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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221
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Walker TWN, Janssens IA, Weedon JT, Sigurdsson BD, Richter A, Peñuelas J, Leblans NIW, Bahn M, Bartrons M, De Jonge C, Fuchslueger L, Gargallo-Garriga A, Gunnarsdóttir GE, Marañón-Jiménez S, Oddsdóttir ES, Ostonen I, Poeplau C, Prommer J, Radujković D, Sardans J, Sigurðsson P, Soong JL, Vicca S, Wallander H, Ilieva-Makulec K, Verbruggen E. A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 4:101-108. [PMID: 31819236 PMCID: PMC6942924 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature governs most biotic processes, yet we know little about how warming affects whole ecosystems. Here we examined the responses of 128 components of a subarctic grassland to 5-8 or >50 years of soil warming. Warming of >50 years drove the ecosystem to a new steady state possessing a distinct biotic composition and reduced species richness, biomass and soil organic matter. However, the warmed state was preceded by an overreaction to warming, which was related to organisms’ physiologies and was evident after 5-8 years. Ignoring this overreaction yielded errors of more than 100% for 83 variables when predicting their responses to a realistic warming scenario of 1 ºC over 50 years, although some, including soil carbon content, remained stable after 5-8 years. This study challenges long-term ecosystem predictions made from short-term observations, and provides a framework for characterising ecosystem responses to sustained climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom W N Walker
- Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Department of Ecology & Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - James T Weedon
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology & Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystems Services and Management Program, Laxenberg, Austria
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Niki I W Leblans
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Agricultural University of Iceland, Borgarnes, Iceland
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mireia Bartrons
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Cindy De Jonge
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology & Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Global Change Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gunnhildur E Gunnarsdóttir
- Agricultural University of Iceland, Borgarnes, Iceland.,Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, Gunnarsholti, Hella, Iceland
| | - Sara Marañón-Jiménez
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Judith Prommer
- Department of Microbiology & Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Jennifer L Soong
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Climate and Ecosystem Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | - Erik Verbruggen
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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222
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Yu K, Smith WK, Trugman AT, Condit R, Hubbell SP, Sardans J, Peng C, Zhu K, Peñuelas J, Cailleret M, Levanic T, Gessler A, Schaub M, Ferretti M, Anderegg WRL. Pervasive decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time across forest climate zones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24662-24667. [PMID: 31740604 PMCID: PMC6900527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821387116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Previous studies on the capacity of forests to sequester atmospheric CO2 have mostly focused on carbon uptake, but the roles of carbon turnover time and its spatiotemporal changes remain poorly understood. Here, we used long-term inventory data (1955 to 2018) from 695 mature forest plots to quantify temporal trends in living vegetation carbon turnover time across tropical, temperate, and cold climate zones, and compared plot data to 8 Earth system models (ESMs). Long-term plots consistently showed decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time, likely driven by increased tree mortality across all major climate zones. Changes in living vegetation carbon turnover time were negatively correlated with CO2 enrichment in both forest plot data and ESM simulations. However, plot-based correlations between living vegetation carbon turnover time and climate drivers such as precipitation and temperature diverged from those of ESM simulations. Our analyses suggest that forest carbon sinks are likely to be constrained by a decrease in living vegetation carbon turnover time, and accurate projections of forest carbon sink dynamics will require an improved representation of tree mortality processes and their sensitivity to climate in ESMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;
| | - William K Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Anna T Trugman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | | | - Stephen P Hubbell
- The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), 08193 Bellaterra (Catalonia), Spain
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), 08193 Bellaterra (Catalonia), Spain
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- UMR RECOVER, University of Aix-Marseille, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Tom Levanic
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Arthur Gessler
- The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Ferretti
- The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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223
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Hu M, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Yang X, Tong C, Zou S, Cao W. Shifts in Microbial Biomass C/N/P Stoichiometry and Bacterial Community Composition in Subtropical Estuarine Tidal Marshes Along a Gradient of Freshwater–Oligohaline Water. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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224
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Fu YH, Geng X, Hao F, Vitasse Y, Zohner CM, Zhang X, Zhou X, Yin G, Peñuelas J, Piao S, Janssens IA. Shortened temperature-relevant period of spring leaf-out in temperate-zone trees. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:4282-4290. [PMID: 31368203 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature during a particular period prior to spring leaf-out, the temperature-relevant period (TRP), is a strong determinant of the leaf-out date in temperate-zone trees. Climatic warming has substantially advanced leaf-out dates in temperate biomes worldwide, but its effect on the beginning and length of the TRP has not yet been explored, despite its direct relevance for phenology modeling. Using 1,551 species-site combinations of long-term (1951-2016) in situ observations on six tree species (namely, Aesculus hippocastanum, Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, and Quercus robur) in central Europe, we found that the advancing leaf-out was accompanied by a shortening of the TRP. On average across all species and sites, the length of the TRP significantly decreased by 23% (p < .05), from 60 ± 4 days during 1951-1965 to 47 ± 4 days during 2002-2016. Importantly, the average start date of the TRP did not vary significantly over the study period (March 2-5, DOY = 61-64), which could be explained by sufficient chilling over the study period in the regions considered. The advanced leaf-out date with unchanged beginning of the TRP can be explained by the faster accumulation of the required heat due to climatic warming, which overcompensated for the retarding effect of shortening daylength on bud development. This study shows that climate warming has not yet affected the mean TRP starting date in the study region, implying that phenology modules in global land surface models might be reliable assuming a fixed TRP starting date at least for the temperate central Europe. Field warming experiments do, however, remain necessary to test to what extent the length of TRP will continue to shorten and whether the starting date will remain stable under future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo H Fu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xiaojun Geng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghua Hao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yann Vitasse
- SwissForestLab, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Constantin M Zohner
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuancheng Zhou
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Yin
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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225
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Zhang C, Atherton J, Peñuelas J, Filella I, Kolari P, Aalto J, Ruhanen H, Bäck J, Porcar-Castell A. Do all chlorophyll fluorescence emission wavelengths capture the spring recovery of photosynthesis in boreal evergreen foliage? Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:3264-3279. [PMID: 31325364 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) is closely related to photosynthesis and can be measured remotely using multiple spectral features as solar-induced fluorescence (SIF). In boreal regions, SIF shows particular promise as an indicator of photosynthesis, in part because of the limited variation of seasonal light absorption in these ecosystems. Seasonal spectral changes in ChlF could yield new information on processes such as sustained nonphotochemical quenching (NPQS ) but also disrupt the relationship between SIF and photosynthesis. We followed ChlF and functional and biochemical properties of Pinus sylvestris needles during the photosynthetic spring recovery period to answer the following: (a) How ChlF spectra change over seasonal timescales? (b) How pigments, NPQS , and total photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorption drive changes of ChlF spectra? (c) Do all ChlF wavelengths track photosynthetic seasonality? We found seasonal ChlF variation in the red and far-red wavelengths, which was strongly correlated with NPQS , carotenoid content, and photosynthesis (enhanced in the red), but not with PAR absorption. Furthermore, a rapid decrease in red/far-red ChlF ratio occurred in response to a cold spell, potentially relating to the structural reorganization of the photosystems. We conclude that all current SIF retrieval features can track seasonal photosynthetic dynamics in boreal evergreens, but the full SIF spectra provides additional insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- CREAF, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Jon Atherton
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CREAF, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Juho Aalto
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations II (SMEAR II), Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station, University of Helsinki, Korkeakoski, 35500, Finland
| | - Hanna Ruhanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural Resources and Bioproduction, Suonenjoki, 77600, Finland
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Albert Porcar-Castell
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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226
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Fernández-Martínez M, Pearse I, Sardans J, Sayol F, Koenig WD, LaMontagne JM, Bogdziewicz M, Collalti A, Hacket-Pain A, Vacchiano G, Espelta JM, Peñuelas J, Janssens IA. Nutrient scarcity as a selective pressure for mast seeding. Nat Plants 2019; 5:1222-1228. [PMID: 31792395 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mast seeding is one of the most intriguing reproductive traits in nature. Despite its potential drawbacks in terms of fitness, the widespread existence of this phenomenon suggests that it should have evolutionary advantages under certain circumstances. Using a global dataset of seed production time series for 219 plant species from all of the continents, we tested whether masting behaviour appears predominantly in species with low foliar nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations when controlling for local climate and productivity. Here, we show that masting intensity is higher in species with low foliar N and P concentrations, and especially in those with imbalanced N/P ratios, and that the evolutionary history of masting behaviour has been linked to that of nutrient economy. Our results support the hypothesis that masting is stronger in species growing under limiting conditions and suggest that this reproductive behaviour might have evolved as an adaptation to nutrient limitations and imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Martínez
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - I Pearse
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Sayol
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - W D Koenig
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J M LaMontagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Collalti
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Rende, Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - J Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I A Janssens
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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227
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Peaucelle M, Janssens IA, Stocker BD, Descals Ferrando A, Fu YH, Molowny-Horas R, Ciais P, Peñuelas J. Spatial variance of spring phenology in temperate deciduous forests is constrained by background climatic conditions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5388. [PMID: 31772185 PMCID: PMC6879605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf unfolding in temperate forests is driven by spring temperature, but little is known about the spatial variance of that temperature dependency. Here we use in situ leaf unfolding observations for eight deciduous tree species to show that the two factors that control chilling (number of cold days) and heat requirement (growing degree days at leaf unfolding, GDDreq) only explain 30% of the spatial variance of leaf unfolding. Radiation and aridity differences among sites together explain 10% of the spatial variance of leaf unfolding date, and 40% of the variation in GDDreq. Radiation intensity is positively correlated with GDDreq and aridity is negatively correlated with GDDreq spatial variance. These results suggest that leaf unfolding of temperate deciduous trees is adapted to local mean climate, including water and light availability, through altered sensitivity to spring temperature. Such adaptation of heat requirement to background climate would imply that models using constant temperature response are inherently inaccurate at local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Peaucelle
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain.
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain.
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department for Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrià Descals Ferrando
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
| | - Yongshuo H Fu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University Beijing, Beijing, China
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS UVSQ, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
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228
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Pugnaire FI, Morillo JA, Peñuelas J, Reich PB, Bardgett RD, Gaxiola A, Wardle DA, van der Putten WH. Climate change effects on plant-soil feedbacks and consequences for biodiversity and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaz1834. [PMID: 31807715 PMCID: PMC6881159 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) are interactions among plants, soil organisms, and abiotic soil conditions that influence plant performance, plant species diversity, and community structure, ultimately driving ecosystem processes. We review how climate change will alter PSFs and their potential consequences for ecosystem functioning. Climate change influences PSFs through the performance of interacting species and altered community composition resulting from changes in species distributions. Climate change thus affects plant inputs into the soil subsystem via litter and rhizodeposits and alters the composition of the living plant roots with which mutualistic symbionts, decomposers, and their natural enemies interact. Many of these plant-soil interactions are species-specific and are greatly affected by temperature, moisture, and other climate-related factors. We make a number of predictions concerning climate change effects on PSFs and consequences for vegetation-soil-climate feedbacks while acknowledging that they may be context-dependent, spatially heterogeneous, and temporally variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I. Pugnaire
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, E-04120 Almería, Spain
- Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal)
| | - José A. Morillo
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, E-04120 Almería, Spain
- Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal)
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia E-08193, Spain
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Aurora Gaxiola
- Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal)
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Post Office Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
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229
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Camino‐Serrano M, Tifafi M, Balesdent J, Hatté C, Peñuelas J, Cornu S, Guenet B. Including Stable Carbon Isotopes to Evaluate the Dynamics of Soil Carbon in the Land-Surface Model ORCHIDEE. J Adv Model Earth Syst 2019; 11:3650-3669. [PMID: 32025279 PMCID: PMC6988498 DOI: 10.1029/2018ms001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial component of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its turnover time in models is a key source of uncertainty. Studies have highlighted the utility of δ13C measurements for benchmarking SOC turnover in global models. We used 13C as a tracer within a vertically discretized soil module of a land-surface model, Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems- Soil Organic Matter (ORCHIDEE-SOM). Our new module represents some of the processes that have been hypothesized to lead to a 13C enrichment with soil depth as follows: 1) the Suess effect and CO2 fertilization, 2) the relative 13C enrichment of roots compared to leaves, and 3) 13C discrimination associated with microbial activity. We tested if the upgraded soil module was able to reproduce the vertical profile of δ13C within the soil column at two temperate sites and the short-term change in the isotopic signal of soil after a shift in C3/C4 vegetation. We ran the model over Europe to test its performance at larger scale. The model was able to simulate a shift in the isotopic signal due to short-term changes in vegetation cover from C3 to C4; however, it was not able to reproduce the overall vertical profile in soil δ13C, which arises as a combination of short and long-term processes. At the European scale, the model ably reproduced soil CO2 fluxes and total SOC stock. These findings stress the importance of the long-term history of land cover for simulating vertical profiles of δ13C. This new soil module is an emerging tool for the diagnosis and improvement of global SOC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Camino‐Serrano
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABCataloniaSpain
| | - Marwa Tifafi
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayParisFrance
| | - Jérôme Balesdent
- CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix Marseille UnivAix en ProvenceFrance
| | - Christine Hatté
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayParisFrance
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABCataloniaSpain
| | - Sophie Cornu
- CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix Marseille UnivAix en ProvenceFrance
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayParisFrance
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230
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Kreyling J, Grant K, Hammerl V, Arfin-Khan MAS, Malyshev AV, Peñuelas J, Pritsch K, Sardans J, Schloter M, Schuerings J, Jentsch A, Beierkuhnlein C. Winter warming is ecologically more relevant than summer warming in a cool-temperate grassland. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14632. [PMID: 31601976 PMCID: PMC6787088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects all seasons, but warming is more pronounced in winter than summer at mid- and high latitudes. Winter warming can have profound ecological effects, which are rarely compared to the effects of summer warming, and causal explanations are not well established. We compared mild aboveground infrared warming in winter to warming in summer in a semi-natural, cool-temperate grassland in Germany for four years. Aboveground plant biomass increased following winter warming (+18%) and was unaffected by summer warming. Winter warming affected the composition of the plant community more than summer warming, favoring productive species. Winter warming increased soil respiration more than summer warming. Prolonged growing seasons and changes in plant-community composition accounted for the increased aboveground biomass production. Winter warming stimulated ecological processes, despite causing frost damage to plant roots and microorganisms during an extremely cold period when warming reduced the thermal insulation provided by snow. Future warming beyond such intermittent frosts may therefore further increase the accelerating effects of winter warming on ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Kreyling
- Greifswald University, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Experimental Plant Ecology, Soldmannstraße 15, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Grant
- University of Bayreuth, BayCEER, Disturbance Ecology, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Verena Hammerl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Mohammed A S Arfin-Khan
- University of Bayreuth, BayCEER, Disturbance Ecology, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany.,Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Andrey V Malyshev
- Greifswald University, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Experimental Plant Ecology, Soldmannstraße 15, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08193, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08193, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Michael Schloter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Jan Schuerings
- University of Bayreuth, BayCEER, Disturbance Ecology, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- University of Bayreuth, BayCEER, Disturbance Ecology, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- University of Bayreuth, BayCEER, Biogeography, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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231
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Peguero G, Sardans J, Asensio D, Fernández-Martínez M, Gargallo-Garriga A, Grau O, Llusià J, Margalef O, Márquez L, Ogaya R, Urbina I, Courtois EA, Stahl C, Van Langenhove L, Verryckt LT, Richter A, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Nutrient scarcity strengthens soil fauna control over leaf litter decomposition in tropical rainforests. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191300. [PMID: 31480974 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fauna is a key control of the decomposition rate of leaf litter, yet its interactions with litter quality and the soil environment remain elusive. We conducted a litter decomposition experiment across different topographic levels within the landscape replicated in two rainforest sites providing natural gradients in soil fertility to test the hypothesis that low nutrient availability in litter and soil increases the strength of fauna control over litter decomposition. We crossed these data with a large dataset of 44 variables characterizing the biotic and abiotic microenvironment of each sampling point and found that microbe-driven carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses from leaf litter were 10.1 and 17.9% lower, respectively, in the nutrient-poorest site, but this among-site difference was equalized when meso- and macrofauna had access to the litterbags. Further, on average, soil fauna enhanced the rate of litter decomposition by 22.6%, and this contribution consistently increased as nutrient availability in the microenvironment declined. Our results indicate that nutrient scarcity increases the importance of soil fauna on C and N cycling in tropical rainforests. Further, soil fauna is able to equalize differences in microbial decomposition potential, thus buffering to a remarkable extent nutrient shortages at an ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guille Peguero
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Olga Margalef
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Márquez
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ifigenia Urbina
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elodie A Courtois
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Clément Stahl
- INRA, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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232
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Fan L, Wigneron JP, Ciais P, Chave J, Brandt M, Fensholt R, Saatchi SS, Bastos A, Al-Yaari A, Hufkens K, Qin Y, Xiao X, Chen C, Myneni RB, Fernandez-Moran R, Mialon A, Rodriguez-Fernandez NJ, Kerr Y, Tian F, Peñuelas J. Satellite-observed pantropical carbon dynamics. Nat Plants 2019; 5:944-951. [PMID: 31358958 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in terrestrial tropical carbon stocks have an important role in the global carbon budget. However, current observational tools do not allow accurate and large-scale monitoring of the spatial distribution and dynamics of carbon stocks1. Here, we used low-frequency L-band passive microwave observations to compute a direct and spatially explicit quantification of annual aboveground carbon (AGC) fluxes and show that the tropical net AGC budget was approximately in balance during 2010 to 2017, the net budget being composed of gross losses of -2.86 PgC yr-1 offset by gross gains of -2.97 PgC yr-1 between continents. Large interannual and spatial fluctuations of tropical AGC were quantified during the wet 2011 La Niña year and throughout the extreme dry and warm 2015-2016 El Niño episode. These interannual fluctuations, controlled predominantly by semiarid biomes, were shown to be closely related to independent global atmospheric CO2 growth-rate anomalies (Pearson's r = 0.86), highlighting the pivotal role of tropical AGC in the global carbon budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sassan S Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Amen Al-Yaari
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Koen Hufkens
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yuanwei Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Yann Kerr
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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233
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Ibáñez
- IRTA, Department of Marine and Continental Waters, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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234
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Klem K, Gargallo-Garriga A, Rattanapichai W, Oravec M, Holub P, Veselá B, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Urban O. Distinct Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses to Light Quality in Barley Leaves and Roots. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1026. [PMID: 31475023 PMCID: PMC6703096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Light quality modulates plant growth, development, physiology, and metabolism through a series of photoreceptors perceiving light signal and related signaling pathways. Although the partial mechanisms of the responses to light quality are well understood, how plants orchestrate these impacts on the levels of above- and below-ground tissues and molecular, physiological, and morphological processes remains unclear. However, the re-allocation of plant resources can substantially adjust plant tolerance to stress conditions such as reduced water availability. In this study, we investigated in two spring barley genotypes the effect of ultraviolet-A (UV-A), blue, red, and far-red light on morphological, physiological, and metabolic responses in leaves and roots. The plants were grown in growth units where the root system develops on black filter paper, placed in growth chambers. While the growth of above-ground biomass and photosynthetic performance were enhanced mainly by the combined action of red, blue, far-red, and UV-A light, the root growth was stimulated particularly by supplementary far-red light to red light. Exposure of plants to the full light spectrum also stimulates the accumulation of numerous compounds related to stress tolerance such as proline, secondary metabolites with antioxidative functions or jasmonic acid. On the other hand, full light spectrum reduces the accumulation of abscisic acid, which is closely associated with stress responses. Addition of blue light induced accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), sorgolactone, or several secondary metabolites. Because these compounds play important roles as osmolytes, antioxidants, UV screening compounds, or growth regulators, the importance of light quality in stress tolerance is unequivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Veselá
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF), Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF), Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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235
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Fu YH, Piao S, Delpierre N, Hao F, Hänninen H, Geng X, Peñuelas J, Zhang X, Janssens IA, Campioli M. Nutrient availability alters the correlation between spring leaf-out and autumn leaf senescence dates. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1277-1284. [PMID: 30989235 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence (LS) affects tree fitness, species distribution and ecosystem structure and functioning. The drivers of LS and the processes underlying it have been studied, but the studies have mainly focused on environmental cues and have mainly been based on statistical analyses using in situ data sets. Experimental investigation and field verification of the processes and drivers are thus urgently needed. We conducted a nutrient-addition experiment after a spring-warming experiment in which an ~40-day range of leaf-out (LO) dates was induced in horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings. We found that both increased nutrient supply and advanced LO date significantly affected the timing of LS, but their effects were opposite, as the former delayed and the latter advanced the senescence. The effects of nutrient supply and LO interacted species specifically. In chestnut, the delay of senescence caused by fertilization increased with the delay of LO and was thus stronger for individuals that flushed late in the spring. On the contrary, in beech the delay of senescence caused by fertilization decreased with the delay of LO and was insignificant for individuals with the latest LO. The experimental findings for beech were confirmed with mature trees at a regional scale. The interactive effect between nutrients and LO on senescence may be associated with variable sensitivity to photoperiod, growth sink limitation and/or direct effect of foliar nutrition on the timing of senescence. Our novel results show that the interactive effects of LO and nutrient supply on the timing of LS should be further addressed experimentally in forthcoming studies. It would also be interesting to consider our results in the further development of phenological models used in assessing the effects of climatic change. The differences found in the present study between horse chestnut and beech suggest that the results found for one species cannot necessarily be generalized to other species, so studies with different temperate tree species are called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo H Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BE, Belgium
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Fanghua Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Edifici C, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BE, Belgium
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BE, Belgium
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236
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Pollastri S, Jorba I, Hawkins TJ, Llusià J, Michelozzi M, Navajas D, Peñuelas J, Hussey PJ, Knight MR, Loreto F. Leaves of isoprene-emitting tobacco plants maintain PSII stability at high temperatures. New Phytol 2019; 223:1307-1318. [PMID: 30980545 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
At high temperatures, isoprene-emitting plants display a higher photosynthetic rate and a lower nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) compared with nonemitting plants. The mechanism of this phenomenon, which may be very important under current climate warming, is still elusive. NPQ was dissected into its components, and chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to analyse the dynamics of excited chlorophyll relaxation in isoprene-emitting and nonemitting plants. Thylakoid membrane stiffness was also measured using atomic force microscope (AFM) to identify a possible mode of action of isoprene in improving photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic stability. We show that, when compared with nonemitters, isoprene-emitting tobacco plants exposed at high temperatures display a reduced increase of the NPQ energy-dependent component (qE) and stable (1) chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime; (2) amplitude of the fluorescence decay components; and (3) thylakoid membrane stiffness. Our study shows for the first time that isoprene maintains PSII stability at high temperatures by preventing the modifications of the surrounding environment, namely providing a more steady and homogeneous distribution of the light-absorbing centres and a stable thylakoid membrane stiffness. Isoprene photoprotects leaves with a mechanism alternative to NPQ, enabling plants to maintain a high photosynthetic rate at rising temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- University of Barcelona and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Timothy J Hawkins
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel Navajas
- University of Barcelona and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Patrick J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Marc R Knight
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
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237
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Peguero G, Sol D, Arnedo M, Petersen H, Salmon S, Ponge JF, Maspons J, Emmett B, Beier C, Schmidt IK, Tietema A, De Angelis P, Kovács-Láng E, Kröel-Dulay G, Estiarte M, Bartrons M, Holmstrup M, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Fast attrition of springtail communities by experimental drought and richness-decomposition relationships across Europe. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:2727-2738. [PMID: 31206913 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil fauna play a fundamental role on key ecosystem functions like organic matter decomposition, although how local assemblages are responding to climate change and whether these changes may have consequences to ecosystem functioning is less clear. Previous studies have revealed that a continued environmental stress may result in poorer communities by filtering out the most sensitive species. However, these experiments have rarely been applied to climate change factors combining multiyear and multisite standardized field treatments across climatically contrasting regions, which has limited drawing general conclusions. Moreover, other facets of biodiversity, such as functional and phylogenetic diversity, potentially more closely linked to ecosystem functioning, have been largely neglected. Here, we report that the abundance, species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional richness of springtails (Subclass Collembola), a major group of fungivores and detritivores, decreased within 4 years of experimental drought across six European shrublands. The loss of phylogenetic and functional richness was higher than expected by the loss of species richness, leading to communities of phylogenetically similar species sharing evolutionary conserved traits. Additionally, despite the great climatic differences among study sites, we found that taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional richness of springtail communities alone were able to explain up to 30% of the variation in annual decomposition rates. Altogether, our results suggest that the forecasted reductions in precipitation associated with climate change may erode springtail communities and likely other drought-sensitive soil invertebrates, thereby retarding litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guille Peguero
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Sol
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miquel Arnedo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sandrine Salmon
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR, Brunoy, France
| | | | | | - Bridget Emmett
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
| | - Claus Beier
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Inger K Schmidt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Albert Tietema
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo De Angelis
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Edit Kovács-Láng
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vacratot, Hungary
| | - György Kröel-Dulay
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vacratot, Hungary
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mireia Bartrons
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- BETA Technological Centre (Tecnio), Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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238
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Carnicer J, Domingo-Marimon C, Ninyerola M, Camarero JJ, Bastos A, López-Parages J, Blanquer L, Rodríguez-Fonseca B, Lenton TM, Dakos V, Ribas M, Gutiérrez E, Peñuelas J, Pons X. Regime shifts of Mediterranean forest carbon uptake and reduced resilience driven by multidecadal ocean surface temperatures. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:2825-2840. [PMID: 31012512 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms translating global circulation changes into rapid abrupt shifts in forest carbon capture in semi-arid biomes remain poorly understood. Here, we report unprecedented multidecadal shifts in forest carbon uptake in semi-arid Mediterranean pine forests in Spain over 1950-2012. The averaged carbon sink reduction varies between 31% and 37%, and reaches values in the range of 50% in the most affected forest stands. Regime shifts in forest carbon uptake are associated with climatic early warning signals, decreased forest regional synchrony and reduced long-term carbon sink resilience. We identify the mechanisms linked to ocean multidecadal variability that shape regime shifts in carbon capture. First, we show that low-frequency variations of the surface temperature of the Atlantic Ocean induce shifts in the non-stationary effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on regional forest carbon capture. Modelling evidence supports that the non-stationary effects of ENSO can be propagated from tropical areas to semi-arid Mediterranean biomes through atmospheric wave trains. Second, decadal changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) significantly alter sea-air heat exchanges, modifying in turn ocean vapour transport over land and land surface temperatures, and promoting sustained drought conditions in spring and summer that reduce forest carbon uptake. Third, we show that lagged effects of AMO on the winter North Atlantic Oscillation also contribute to the maintenance of long-term droughts. Finally, we show that the reported strong, negative effects of ocean surface temperature (AMO) on forest carbon uptake in the last decades are unprecedented over the last 150 years. Our results provide new, unreported explanations for carbon uptake shifts in these drought-prone forests and review the expected impacts of global warming on the profiled mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- BEECA, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Domingo-Marimon
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Geography, Grumets Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Ninyerola
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Grumets Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Ana Bastos
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munchen, München, Germany
| | | | - Laura Blanquer
- BEECA, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Timothy M Lenton
- Earth System Science group, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis Dakos
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Montserrat Ribas
- BEECA, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- BEECA, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pons
- Department of Geography, Grumets Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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239
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Fu YH, Zhang X, Piao S, Hao F, Geng X, Vitasse Y, Zohner C, Peñuelas J, Janssens IA. Daylength helps temperate deciduous trees to leaf-out at the optimal time. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:2410-2418. [PMID: 30927554 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has led to substantially earlier spring leaf-out in temperate-zone deciduous trees. The interactive effects of temperature and daylength underlying this warming response remain unclear. However, they need to be accurately represented by earth system models to improve projections of the carbon and energy balances of temperate forests and the associated feedbacks to the Earth's climate system. We studied the control of leaf-out by daylength and temperature using data from six tree species across 2,377 European phenological network (www.pep725.eu), each with at least 30 years of observations. We found that, in addition to and independent of the known effect of chilling, daylength correlates negatively with the heat requirement for leaf-out in all studied species. In warm springs when leaf-out is early, days are short and the heat requirement is higher than in an average spring, which mitigates the warming-induced advancement of leaf-out and protects the tree against precocious leaf-out and the associated risks of late frosts. In contrast, longer-than-average daylength (in cold springs when leaf-out is late) reduces the heat requirement for leaf-out, ensuring that trees do not leaf-out too late and miss out on large amounts of solar energy. These results provide the first large-scale empirical evidence of a widespread daylength effect on the temperature sensitivity of leaf-out phenology in temperate deciduous trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo H Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghua Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Forest Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Constantin Zohner
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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240
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Wang S, Ju W, Peñuelas J, Cescatti A, Zhou Y, Fu Y, Huete A, Liu M, Zhang Y. Urban-rural gradients reveal joint control of elevated CO 2 and temperature on extended photosynthetic seasons. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1076-1085. [PMID: 31235928 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic phenology has large effects on the land-atmosphere carbon exchange. Due to limited experimental assessments, a comprehensive understanding of the variations of photosynthetic phenology under future climate and its associated controlling factors is still missing, despite its high sensitivities to climate. Here, we develop an approach that uses cities as natural laboratories, since plants in urban areas are often exposed to higher temperatures and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, which reflect expected future environmental conditions. Using more than 880 urban-rural gradients across the Northern Hemisphere (≥30° N), combined with concurrent satellite retrievals of Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and atmospheric CO2, we investigated the combined impacts of elevated CO2 and temperature on photosynthetic phenology at the large scale. The results showed that, under urban conditions of elevated CO2 and temperature, vegetation photosynthetic activity began earlier (-5.6 ± 0.7 d), peaked earlier (-4.9 ± 0.9 d) and ended later (4.6 ± 0.8 d) than in neighbouring rural areas, with a striking two- to fourfold higher climate sensitivity than greenness phenology. The earlier start and peak of season were sensitive to both the enhancements of CO2 and temperature, whereas the delayed end of season was mainly attributed to CO2 enrichments. We used these sensitivities to project phenology shifts under four Representative Concentration Pathway climate scenarios, predicting that vegetation will have prolonged photosynthetic seasons in the coming two decades. This observation-driven study indicates that realistic urban environments, together with SIF observations, provide a promising method for studying vegetation physiology under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhan Wang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Ju
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Cescatti
- Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Yuyu Zhou
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yongshuo Fu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Alfredo Huete
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Min Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China.
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241
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Hu M, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Huang J, Li D, Tong C. Effects of nitrogen loading on emission of carbon gases from estuarine tidal marshes with varying salinity. Sci Total Environ 2019; 667:648-657. [PMID: 30833263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine tidal marshes sequester significant quantities of carbon and are suffering from anthropogenic nitrogen (N) enhancement. However, the effects of this N loading on carbon gas emissions from freshwater-oligohaline tidal marshes are unknown. In this paper, we report on our evaluation of the effects of a N gradient (0, 24, 48 and 96 g NH4NO3-N m-2 y-1) on the methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from freshwater and oligohaline tidal marshes in the Min River estuary, southeast China. On an annual scale, the oligohaline marsh has significantly higher CO2 emissions, while it has slightly lower CH4 emissions relative to freshwater marsh. The addition of N increased CH4 emission from the freshwater marsh and decreased CH4 emission from the oligohaline marsh, although there was no statistically significant difference in CH4 emission between either of the two marshes and the control. The addition of 96 g NH4NO3-N m-2 y-1 significantly increased CO2 emission from the freshwater marsh, while it did not significantly influence CO2 emission from the oligohaline marsh. CH4 and CO2 emission levels were positively correlated with soil temperature under all conditions. The CH4 flux resulting from both the control and the addition of N was negatively correlated with porewater SO42- and Cl- concentrations and soil EC in the oligohaline marsh. Overall, N addition significantly increased carbon gas emissions under freshwater conditions while slightly inhibiting carbon gas emissions from the oligohaline marsh. Our findings suggested that even under low salinity conditions, the effects of N loading on CH4 and CO2 emissions from freshwater and oligohaline tidal marshes can vary. We propose that the addition of N to estuarine tidal marshes has a significant effect on the carbon cycle and promotes soil carbon loss, phenomena which may be influenced by salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jiafang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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242
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Wang C, Wang W, Sardans J, Singla A, Zeng C, Lai DYF, Peñuelas J. Effects of steel slag and biochar amendments on CO 2, CH 4, and N 2O flux, and rice productivity in a subtropical Chinese paddy field. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:1419-1431. [PMID: 30535544 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Steel slag, a by-product of the steel industry, contains high amounts of active iron oxide and silica which can act as an oxidizing agent in agricultural soils. Biochar is a rich source of carbon, and the combined application of biochar and steel slag is assumed to have positive impacts on soil properties as well as plant growth, which are yet to be validated scientifically. We conducted a field experiment for two rice paddies (early and late paddy) to determine the individual and combined effects of steel slag and biochar amendments on CO2, CH4, and N2O emission, and rice productivity in a subtropical paddy field of China. The amendments did not significantly affect rice yield. It was observed that CO2 was the main greenhouse gas emitted from all treatments of both paddies. Steel slag decreased the cumulative CO2 flux in the late paddy. Biochar as well as steel slag + biochar treatment decreased the cumulative CO2 flux in the late paddy and for the complete year (early and late paddy), while steel slag + biochar treatment also decreased the cumulative CH4 flux in the early paddy. The biochar, and steel slag + biochar amendments decreased the global warming potential (GWP). Interestingly, the cumulative annual GWP was lower for the biochar (55,422 kg CO2-eq ha-1), and steel slag + biochar (53,965 kg CO2-eq ha-1) treatments than the control (68,962 kg CO2-eq ha-1). Total GWP per unit yield was lower for the combined application of steel slag + biochar (8951 kg CO2-eq Mg-1 yield) compared to the control (12,805 kg CO2-eq Mg-1 yield). This study suggested that the combined application of steel slag and biochar could be an effective long-term strategy to reduce greenhouse gases emission from paddies without any detrimental effect on the yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ankit Singla
- Regional Centre of Organic Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, 751021, India.
| | - Congsheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Derrick Yu Fo Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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243
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Wu H, Xiang W, Ouyang S, Forrester DI, Zhou B, Chen L, Ge T, Lei P, Chen L, Zeng Y, Song X, Peñuelas J, Peng C. Linkage between tree species richness and soil microbial diversity improves phosphorus bioavailability. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Shuai Ouyang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - David I. Forrester
- Swiss Federal Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
| | - Lingxiu Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Tida Ge
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha Hunan China
| | - Pifeng Lei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
- Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Yelin Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xinzhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB CSIC Bellaterra (Catalonia) Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia) Spain
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences University of Québec at Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
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244
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Huang M, Piao S, Ciais P, Peñuelas J, Wang X, Keenan TF, Peng S, Berry JA, Wang K, Mao J, Alkama R, Cescatti A, Cuntz M, De Deurwaerder H, Gao M, He Y, Liu Y, Luo Y, Myneni RB, Niu S, Shi X, Yuan W, Verbeeck H, Wang T, Wu J, Janssens IA. Air temperature optima of vegetation productivity across global biomes. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:772-779. [PMID: 30858592 PMCID: PMC6491223 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The global distribution of the optimum air temperature for ecosystem-level gross primary productivity ([Formula: see text]) is poorly understood, despite its importance for ecosystem carbon uptake under future warming. We provide empirical evidence for the existence of such an optimum, using measurements of in situ eddy covariance and satellite-derived proxies, and report its global distribution. [Formula: see text] is consistently lower than the physiological optimum temperature of leaf-level photosynthetic capacity, which typically exceeds 30 °C. The global average [Formula: see text] is estimated to be 23 ± 6 °C, with warmer regions having higher [Formula: see text] values than colder regions. In tropical forests in particular, [Formula: see text] is close to growing-season air temperature and is projected to fall below it under all scenarios of future climate, suggesting a limited safe operating space for these ecosystems under future warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Huang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ramdane Alkama
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Hannes De Deurwaerder
- CAVElab Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Mengdi Gao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwen Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence - Plants and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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245
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Veresoglou SD, Peñuelas J. Variance in biomass-allocation fractions is explained by distribution in European trees. New Phytol 2019; 222:1352-1363. [PMID: 30636348 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variability in ecological traits confers the ability of a species to adapt to an ever-changing environment. Fractions of biomass allocation in plants (BAFs) represent both ecological traits and direct expressions of investment strategies and so have important implications on plant fitness, particularly under current global change. We combined data on BAFs of trees in > 10 000 forest plots with their distributions in Europe. We aimed to test whether plant species with wider distributions have more or less variable intraspecific variance of the BAFs foliage-woody biomass and shoot-root ratios than species with limited distribution. Irrespective of corrections for tree age and phylogenetic relatedness, the standard deviation in BAFs was up to three times higher in species with the most extensive distributions than in those with the least extensive distribution due to a higher genetic diversity. Variance in BAFs also increased with latitude. We show that a combination of 36% tree genetic diversity and 64% environmental variability explains variance in BAFs and implies that changes in genetic diversity occur quickly. Genetic diversity should thus play a key role in regulating species responses to future climate change. Loss of habitat, even if transient, could induce a loss of genetic diversity and hinder species survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros D Veresoglou
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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246
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Espunyes J, Lurgi M, Büntgen U, Bartolomé J, Antonio Calleja J, Gálvez-Cerón A, Peñuelas J, Claramunt-López B, Serrano E. Different effects of alpine woody plant expansion on domestic and wild ungulates. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1808-1819. [PMID: 30737872 PMCID: PMC6522367 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Changes in land-use and climate affect the distribution and diversity of plant and animal species at different spatiotemporal scales. The extent to which species-specific phenotypic plasticity and biotic interactions mediate organismal adaptation to changing environments, however, remains poorly understood. Woody plant expansion is threatening the extent of alpine grasslands worldwide, and evaluating and predicting its effects on herbivores is of crucial importance. Here, we explore the impact of shrubification on the feeding efficiency of Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica), as well as on the three most abundant coexisting domestic ungulate species: cattle, sheep and horses. We use observational diet composition from May to October and model different scenarios of vegetation availability where shrubland and woodland proliferate at the expense of grassland. We then predicted if the four ungulate species could efficiently utilize their food landscapes with their current dietary specificities measuring their niche breath in each scenario. We observed that the wild counterpart, due to a higher trophic plasticity, is less disturbed by shrubification compared to livestock, which rely primarily on herbaceous plants and will be affected 3.6 times more. Our results suggest that mixed feeders, such as chamois, could benefit from fallow landscapes, and that mountain farmers are at a growing economic risk worldwide due to changing land-use practices and climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Espunyes
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Lurgi
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling. Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS-Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jordi Bartolomé
- Grup de Recerca en Remugants, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Calleja
- Unitat de botánica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Arturo Gálvez-Cerón
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de ciencias pecuarias, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bernat Claramunt-López
- CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Edifici Ciències, Bellaterra Catalunya, Spain
- Unitat d’Ecologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Ciències, Bellaterra Catalunya, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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247
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Peñuelas J, Fernández‐Martínez M, Ciais P, Jou D, Piao S, Obersteiner M, Vicca S, Janssens IA, Sardans J. The bioelements, the elementome, and the biogeochemical niche. Ecology 2019; 100:e02652. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles 08193 Spain
| | - Marcos Fernández‐Martínez
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles 08193 Spain
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk B‐2610 Belgium
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement IPSL Gif‐sur‐Yvette 91191 France
| | - David Jou
- Department of Physics Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino‐French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Ecosystems Services and Management Schlossplatz 1 Laxenburg A‐2361 Austria
| | - Sara Vicca
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk B‐2610 Belgium
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk B‐2610 Belgium
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles 08193 Spain
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248
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Grau O, Saravesi K, Ninot JM, Geml J, Markkola A, Ahonen SHK, Peñuelas J. Encroachment of shrubs into subalpine grasslands in the Pyrenees modifies the structure of soil fungal communities and soil properties. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5370081. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karita Saravesi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Josep M Ninot
- Institute for Research in Biodiversity (IRBio) and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - József Geml
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annamari Markkola
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saija HK Ahonen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Carnicer J, Stefanescu C, Vives-Ingla M, López C, Cortizas S, Wheat C, Vila R, Llusià J, Peñuelas J. Phenotypic biomarkers of climatic impacts on declining insect populations: A key role for decadal drought, thermal buffering and amplification effects and host plant dynamics. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:376-391. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
- Natural History Museum of Granollers; Granollers Spain
| | - Maria Vives-Ingla
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos López
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
| | - Sofia Cortizas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Christopher Wheat
- Department of Zoology (Population Genetics); University of Stockholm; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Roger Vila
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF; E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Catalonia Spain
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Wang W, Sardans J, Wang C, Zeng C, Tong C, Chen G, Huang J, Pan H, Peguero G, Vallicrosa H, Peñuelas J. The response of stocks of C, N, and P to plant invasion in the coastal wetlands of China. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:733-743. [PMID: 30346103 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing success of invasive plant species in wetland areas can threaten their capacity to store carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, and P). Here, we have investigated the relationships between the different stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), and total C, N, and P pools in the plant-soil system from eight different wetland areas across the South-East coast of China, where the invasive tallgrass Spartina alterniflora has replaced the native tall grasses Phragmites australis and the mangrove communities, originally dominated by the native species Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina. The invasive success of Spartina alterniflora replacing Phragmites australis did not greatly influence soil traits, biomass accumulation or plant-soil C and N storing capacity. However, the resulting higher ability to store P in both soil and standing plant biomass (approximately more than 70 and 15 kg P by ha, respectively) in the invasive than in the native tall grass communities suggesting the possibility of a decrease in the ecosystem N:P ratio with future consequences to below- and aboveground trophic chains. The results also showed that a future advance in the native mangrove replacement by Spartina alterniflora could constitute a serious environmental problem. This includes enrichment of sand in the soil, with the consequent loss of nutrient retention capacity, as well as a sharp decrease in the stocks of C (2.6 and 2.2 t C ha-1 in soil and stand biomass, respectively), N, and P in the plant-soil system. This should be associated with a worsening of the water quality by aggravating potential eutrophication processes. Moreover, the loss of carbon and nutrient decreases the potential overall fertility of the system, strongly hampering the reestablishment of woody mangrove communities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Congsheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guixiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiafang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haoran Pan
- Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sceinces, Beihai, China
| | - Guille Peguero
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helena Vallicrosa
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
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