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Belz RG, Sinkkonen A. Low glyphosate doses change reproduction and produce tolerant offspring in dense populations of Hordeum vulgare. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:4770-4784. [PMID: 34148282 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low toxin doses that do not affect mean responses in plant populations can still change the growth of subpopulations. Studies covering vegetative stages ascribed fast-growing plants higher thresholds for growth stimulation and inhibition, compared with the rest of the population. We hypothesized that such selective effects also play a role after reproduction; that is, the offspring of glyphosate-treated tolerant, fast-growing phenotypes is more tolerant than the offspring of untreated plants. An experimental, high-density barley population was exposed to a range of glyphosate concentrations in the greenhouse, and reproduction and final growth were analyzed for selective effects. Therefore, F0, F1 treated and F1 non-treated offspring were re-exposed to glyphosate. RESULTS Low doses of glyphosate inhibited the growth and reproduction of slow-growing plants at concentrations that did not change the population mean. Concentrations that inhibited average-sized plants hormetically increased the biomass and seed yield of fast-growing plants. Compared with F0 and F1 non-treated offspring, F1-treated offspring from hormetically stimulated fast-growing plants were more glyphosate tolerant. Hence, a pesticide can shape the reproductive pattern of a plant population and alter offspring tolerance at concentrations that have no effect on average yield. CONCLUSIONS Toxin levels that do not change the population mean still alter the reproductive output of individuals. Sensitive phenotypes suffer, whereas the reproduction of tolerant phenotypes is boosted compared with toxin-free conditions. Because glyphosate is one of the leading herbicides in the world, tolerant phenotypes may benefit from current agricultural practices. If these results apply to other toxicants, low toxin doses may increase the fitness of tolerant phenotypes in a way not previously anticipated. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- University of Helsinki, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Ecology Unit, Lahti, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Turku, Finland
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202
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Abstract
Loss of Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) in barley confers durable resistance to powdery mildew fungi, which has led to its wide deployment in agriculture. Although MLO is a susceptibility factor, it has become nearly synonymous with powdery mildew resistance. However, MLO has been recently implicated in colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a fungal endophyte, confirming its importance for biotrophic interactions and in promoting symbiosis. Other MLO proteins are involved in essential sensory processes, particularly fertilization and thigmotropism. We propose external stimulus perception as a common theme in these interactions and consider a unified biochemical role, potentially relating to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium regulation, for MLOs across tissues and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N Jacott
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Christopher J Ridout
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS-araJIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular and Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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203
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Poirier D, Théolier J, Marega R, Delahaut P, Gillard N, Godefroy SB. Evaluation of the discriminatory potential of antibodies created from synthetic peptides derived from wheat, barley, rye and oat gluten. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257466. [PMID: 34555094 PMCID: PMC8459967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and in some cases oat. The only way for affected individuals to avoid symptoms of this condition is to adopt a gluten-free diet. Thus, gluten-free foodstuffs need to be monitored in order to ensure their innocuity. For this purpose, commercial immunoassays based on recognition of defined linear gluten sequences are currently used. These immunoassays are designed to detect or quantify total gluten regardless of the cereal, and often result in over or underestimation of the exact gluten content. In addition, Canadian regulations require a declaration of the source of gluten on the label of prepackaged foods, which cannot be done due to the limitations of existing methods. In this study, the development of new antibodies targeting discrimination of gluten sources was conducted using synthetic peptides as immunization strategy. Fourteen synthetic peptides selected from unique linear amino acid sequences of gluten were bioconjugated to Concholepas concholepas hemocyanin (CCH) as protein carrier, to elicit antibodies in rabbit. The resulting polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) successfully discriminated wheat, barley and oat prolamins during indirect ELISA assessments. pAbs raised against rye synthetic peptides cross-reacted evenly with wheat and rye prolamins but could still be useful to successfully discriminate gluten sources in combination with the other pAbs. Discrimination of gluten sources can be further refined and enhanced by raising monoclonal antibodies using a similar immunization strategy. A methodology capable of discriminating gluten sources, such as the one proposed in this study, could facilitate compliance with Canadian regulations on this matter. This type of discrimination could also complement current immunoassays by settling the issue of over and underestimation of gluten content, thus improving the safety of food intended to CD and wheat-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Poirier
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérémie Théolier
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Benrejeb Godefroy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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204
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AbdElgawad H, Zinta G, Abuelsoud W, Hassan YM, Alkhalifah DHM, Hozzein WN, Zrieq R, Beemster GT, Schoenaers S. An actinomycete strain of Nocardiopsis lucentensis reduces arsenic toxicity in barley and maize. J Hazard Mater 2021; 417:126055. [PMID: 34229384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of arsenic in plant tissues poses a substantial threat to global crop yields. The use of plant growth-promoting bacterial strains to mitigate heavy metal toxicity has been illustrated before. However, its potential to reduce plant arsenic uptake and toxicity has not been investigated to date. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a Nocardiopsis lucentensis strain isolated from heavy metal contaminated soil. Inoculation with this bioactive actinomycete strain decreased arsenic root and shoot bioaccumulation in both C3 and C4 crop species namely barley and maize. Upon arsenate treatment, N. lucentensis S5 stimulated root citric acid production and the plant's innate detoxification capacity in a species-specific manner. In addition, this specific strain promoted biomass gain, despite substantial tissue arsenic levels. Detoxification (metallothionein, phytochelatin, glutathione-S-transferase levels) was upregulated in arsenate-exposed shoot and roots, and this response was further enhanced upon S5 supplementation, particularly in barley and maize roots. Compared to barley, maize plants were more tolerant to arsenate-induced oxidative stress (less H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels). However, barley plants invested more in antioxidative capacity induction (ascorbate-glutathione turnover) to mitigate arsenic oxidative stress, which was strongly enhanced by S5. We quantify and mechanistically discuss the physiological and biochemical basis of N. lucentensis-mediated plant biomass recovery on arsenate polluted soils. Our findings substantiate the potential applicability of a bactoremediation strategy to mitigate arsenic-induced yield loss in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
| | - Walid Abuelsoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Dalal Hussien M Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.; Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rafat Zrieq
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerrit Ts Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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205
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Selim S, Abuelsoud W, Al-Sanea MM, AbdElgawad H. Elevated CO 2 differently suppresses the arsenic oxide nanoparticles-induced stress in C3 ( Hordeum vulgare) and C4 (Zea maize) plants via altered homeostasis in metabolites specifically proline and anthocyanin metabolism. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 166:235-245. [PMID: 34126591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized arsenic oxide nanoparticles (As2O3-NP) limit crop growth and productivity. As2O3-NP represent a strong environmental hazard. The predicted rise in future atmospheric CO2 could boost plant growth both under optimal and heavy metal stress conditions. So far, the phytotoxicity of As2O3-NP and their interaction with eCO2 were not investigated at physiological and metabolic levels in crop species groups such as C3 and C4. We investigated how eCO2 level (620 ppm) alleviated soil As2O3-NP toxicity induced growth and mitigated oxidative damages through analysing photosynthetic parameters, primary (sugars and amino acids) and secondary (phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins) metabolism in C3 (barley) and C4 (maize) plants. Compared to maize, barley accumulated higher As2O3-NP level, which inhibited growth and induced oxidative damage particularly in barley (increased H2O2 and lipid peroxidation). Interestingly, eCO2 differently mitigated As2O3-NP toxicity on photosynthesis, which consequently improved sugar metabolism. Moreover, high carbon availability in eCO2 treated plants directed to produce osmo-protectant (soluble sugars and proline) and antioxidants (anthocyanins and tocopherols). In the line with increased proline and anthocyanins, their metabolism was also improved. Notable differences occurred between the two plant species. The ornithine pathway was preferred in maize while in barley proline accumulation was mainly through glutamate pathway. Moreover, under As2O3-NP stress, barley preferentially accumulated anthocyanins while maize accumulated total phenolics and flavonoids. This work contributes to improving our understanding of the differences in growth, physiological and biochemical responses of major crops of two functional photosynthetic groups (C3 and C4 plants) under ambient and elevated CO2 grown under As2O3-NP stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Walid Abuelsoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad M Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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206
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Roy J, van Duijnen R, Leifheit EF, Mbedi S, Temperton VM, Rillig MC. Legacy effects of pre-crop plant functional group on fungal root symbionts of barley. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02378. [PMID: 33988274 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, a group of widespread fungal symbionts of crops, could be important in driving crop yield across crop rotations through plant-soil feedbacks (PSF). However, whether preceding crops have a legacy effect on the AM fungi of the subsequent crop is poorly known. We set up an outdoor mesocosm crop rotation experiment that consisted of a first phase growing either one of four pre-crops establishing AM and/or rhizobial symbiosis or not (spring barley, faba bean, lupine, canola), followed by an AM crop, winter barley. After the pre-crop harvest, carbon-rich organic substrates were applied to test whether it attenuated, accentuated or modified the effect of pre-crops. The pre-crop mycorrhizal status, but not its rhizobial status, affected the richness and composition of AM fungi, and this difference, in particular community composition, persisted and increased in the roots of winter barley. The effect of a pre-crop was driven by its single symbiotic group, not its mixed symbiotic group and/or by a crop-species-specific effect. This demonstrates that the pre-crop symbiotic group has lasting legacy effects on the AM fungal communities and may steer the AM fungal community succession across rotation phases. This effect was accentuated by sawdust amendment, but not wheat straw. Based on the previous observation of decreased crop yield after AM pre-crops, our findings suggest negative PSF at the level of the plant symbiotic group driven by a legacy effect of crop rotation history on AM fungal communities, and that a focus on crop symbiotic group offers additional understanding of PSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roy
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | | | - Eva F Leifheit
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Susan Mbedi
- Naturkundemuseum Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Reseach, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Vicky M Temperton
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
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207
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Boniecki P, Raba B, A. Pilarska A, Sujak A, Zaborowicz M, Pilarski K, Wojcieszak D. Neural Reduction of Image Data in Order to Determine the Quality of Malting Barley. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21175696. [PMID: 34502597 PMCID: PMC8434252 DOI: 10.3390/s21175696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Image analysis using neural modeling is one of the most dynamically developing methods employing artificial intelligence. The feature that caused such widespread use of this technique is mostly the ability of automatic generalization of scientific knowledge as well as the possibility of parallel analysis of the empirical data. A properly conducted learning process of artificial neural network (ANN) allows the classification of new, unknown data, which helps to increase the efficiency of the generated models in practice. Neural image analysis is a method that allows extracting information carried in the form of digital images. The paper focuses on the determination of imperfections such as contaminations and damages in the malting barley grains on the basis of information encoded in the graphic form represented by the digital photographs of kernels. This choice was dictated by the current state of knowledge regarding the classification of contamination that uses undesirable features of kernels to exclude them from use in the malting industry. Currently, a qualitative assessment of kernels is carried by malthouse-certified employees acting as experts. Contaminants are separated from a sample of malting barley manually, and the percentages of previously defined groups of contaminations are calculated. The analysis of the problem indicates a lack of effective methods of identifying the quality of barley kernels, such as the use of information technology. There are new possibilities of using modern methods of artificial intelligence (such as neural image analysis) for the determination of impurities in malting barley. However, there is the problem of effective compression of graphic data to a form acceptable for ANN simulators. The aim of the work is to develop an effective procedure of graphical data compression supporting the qualitative assessment of malting barley with the use of modern information technologies. Image analysis can be implemented into dedicated software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Boniecki
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland; (P.B.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.Z.); (K.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Barbara Raba
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland; (P.B.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.Z.); (K.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Agnieszka A. Pilarska
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-848-73-08
| | - Agnieszka Sujak
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland; (P.B.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.Z.); (K.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Maciej Zaborowicz
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland; (P.B.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.Z.); (K.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Pilarski
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland; (P.B.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.Z.); (K.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Dawid Wojcieszak
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland; (P.B.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.Z.); (K.P.); (D.W.)
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208
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Yaeno T, Wahara M, Nagano M, Wanezaki H, Toda H, Inoue H, Eishima A, Nishiguchi M, Hisano H, Kobayashi K, Sato K, Yamaoka N. RACE1, a Japanese Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate, is capable of overcoming partially mlo-mediated penetration resistance in barley in an allele-specific manner. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256574. [PMID: 34424930 PMCID: PMC8382181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutation of the MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O (Mlo) gene confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew fungi in various plants, including barley. In combination with the intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes, which confer the race-specific resistance, the mlo alleles have long been used in barley breeding as genetic resources that confer robust non-race-specific resistance. However, a Japanese Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate, RACE1, has been reported to have the potential to overcome partially the mlo-mediated penetration resistance, although this is yet uncertain because the putative effects of NLR genes in the tested accessions have not been ruled out. In this study, we examined the reproducibility of the earlier report and found that the infectious ability of RACE1, which partially overcomes the mlo-mediated resistance, is only exerted in the absence of NLR genes recognizing RACE1. Furthermore, using the transient-induced gene silencing technique, we demonstrated that RACE1 can partially overcome the resistance in the host cells with suppressed MLO expression but not in plants possessing the null mutant allele mlo-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yaeno
- Department of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Miki Wahara
- Department of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Mai Nagano
- Department of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Wanezaki
- Department of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Toda
- Department of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Department of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Eishima
- Department of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Hisano
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kappei Kobayashi
- Department of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaoka
- Department of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan
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209
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Kalb V, Seewald T, Hofmann T, Granvogl M. Investigations into the Ability to Reduce Cinnamic Acid as Undesired Precursor of Toxicologically Relevant Styrene in Wort by Different Barley to Wheat Ratios (Grain Bill) during Mashing. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:9443-9450. [PMID: 34351749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is a food-borne toxicant in wheat beer and due to its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2002, mitigation strategies had to be developed. Aiming at understanding the impact of the barley to wheat malt ratio (grain bill) during mashing on the contents of soluble and free (i) cinnamic, (ii) p-coumaric, and (iii) ferulic acid, precursors of (i) styrene and the desired vinyl aromatics (ii) 4-vinylphenol and (iii) 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol in wheat beer, wort was prepared at four different barley to wheat malt ratios of 100:0, 25:75, 50:50, and 0:100 (w/w). Additionally, the malts were produced at different germination temperatures and aeration rates (12/32, 18/35, 18/25, 24/18, and 26/25 (°C; L/min)) to consider these two further parameters as well. Thereby, soluble and free phenolic acid contents in wort showed linear correlations to the percentage of wheat in the grain bill, highlighting the absence of synergistic effects when mixing barley and wheat malts. In contrast, the results described the phenolic acid contents as a function of the concentrations in the respective barley and wheat wort, multiplied by their percentage in the grain bill. However, a clear recommendation for favorable barley to wheat malt ratios leading to a decrease of soluble and free cinnamic acid in wort could not be made, as the contents in the present study proved to be highly dependent on the barley and wheat varieties used during mashing and the parameters applied during malting. This was not the case for p-coumaric acid for which a clear decrease of the soluble and free forms was found with increasing wheat malt contents. Differently, the soluble form of ferulic acid increased with an increasing percentage of wheat malt, while the free form decreased. The malting parameters clearly recommended high germination temperatures and low aeration rates when aiming at a reduction of undesired cinnamic acid in wort. Fortunately, soluble and free p-coumaric and ferulic acid contents were only slightly affected, indicating that the formation of the characteristic wheat beer aroma might not suffer when applying these favorable conditions for styrene reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian Kalb
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Torsten Seewald
- Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, Fachgebiet Brauwesen, Technische Universität Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Lebensmittel-Systembiologie an der Technischen Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Fachgebiet Lebensmittelchemie und Analytische Chemie (170a), Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Fakultät Naturwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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210
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Yıltırak S, Kocadağlı T, Çelik EE, Özkaynak Kanmaz E, Gökmen V. Effects of Sprouting and Fermentation on Free Asparagine and Reducing Sugars in Wheat, Einkorn, Oat, Rye, Barley, and Buckwheat and on Acrylamide and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Formation during Heating. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:9419-9433. [PMID: 34374283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Usage of sprouted grains is an increasing trend in thermally processed foods. Sprouting alters the composition of sugars and amino acids, which are Maillard reaction precursors. Free asparagine, total free amino acids, and sugars were monitored during sprouting and yeast and sourdough fermentations. Acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were analyzed in heated samples. The asparagine concentration decreased up to 40% after 24-36 h of sprouting, except for buckwheat, and then increased to the initial concentration after 48 h and several folds after 72 h. The increased amount of reducing sugars after sprouting caused higher acrylamide and HMF formation even if the asparagine concentration was lower. Acrylamide and HMF formation decreased after fermentation of sprouted wholemeal because sugars and asparagine were consumed by yeast. A pH drop of 3 units by sourdough fermentation decreased acrylamide formation but increased HMF formation. Results indicated that sprouted cereal products should be produced under controlled conditions to be used in heated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Yıltırak
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Tolgahan Kocadağlı
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ecem Evrim Çelik
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Evrim Özkaynak Kanmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Artvin Çoruh University, Seyitler, Artvin 08100, Turkey
| | - Vural Gökmen
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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211
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Achhami BB, Reddy GVP, Hofland ML, Sherman JD, Peterson RKD, Weaver DK. Plant Volatiles and Oviposition Behavior in the Selection of Barley Cultivars by Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Environ Entomol 2021; 50:940-947. [PMID: 33885745 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stem sawfly, [Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)], females display complex behaviors for host selection and oviposition. Susceptible hollow stem wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars release a greater amount of attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and receive a greater number of eggs compared to resistant solid stem wheat cultivars. However, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is becoming a more common host for C. cinctus in Montana. Therefore, how do host selection and oviposition behaviors on barley cultivars compare to what happens when encountering wheat cultivars? To answer this question, we carried out greenhouse experiments using two barley cultivars: 'Hockett' and 'Craft'. Between these cultivars at Zadoks stages 34 and 49, we compared host selection decisions using a Y-tube olfactometer, compared oviposition behaviors on stems, and counted the number of eggs inside individual stems. In Y-tube bioassays, we found a greater number of C. cinctus females were attracted to the airstream passing over 'Hockett' than 'Craft' barley cultivars. Although the frequencies of oviposition behaviors were similar between these cultivars, the number of eggs was greater in 'Hockett'. Volatile profiles indicated that the amount of linalool was greater in the airstream from 'Craft' than in 'Hockett' at Zadoks 34 while the amount of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate was greater in airstream from 'Hockett' at both Zadoks 34 and 49. These results suggest that volatiles of barley plants influenced host selection behavior of ovipositing C. cinctus females, while other discriminating behaviors do not differ between cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhi B Achhami
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Gadi V P Reddy
- USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - M L Hofland
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Jamie D Sherman
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Robert K D Peterson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - David K Weaver
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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212
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Li S, Wang T, Guo J, Dong Y, Wang Z, Gong L, Li X. Polystyrene microplastics disturb the redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism and phytohormone regulatory network in barley. J Hazard Mater 2021; 415:125614. [PMID: 33725553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As emerging contaminants, microplastics (mPS, <5 mm) have been reported to adversely affect the plant growth; however, the mechanisms of mPS-induced growth limitation are rarely known. Here, it was found that the plastic particles were absorbed and accumulated in barley plants, which limited the development of rootlets. The mPS-treated plants had significantly higher concentrations of H2O2 and O2- in roots than the control. The mPS significantly increased the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, fructokinase and phosphofructokinase, while decreased the activities of cell wall peroxidase, vacuolar invertase, sucrose synthase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucoisomerase in roots. The changes in activities of carbohydrate and ROS metabolism enzymes in leaves showed a different trend from that in roots. The mPS plants possessed a higher trans-zeatin concentration while lower concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and dihydrozeatin than the control plants in leaves. However, the phytohormone changes in roots were distinct from those in leaves under mPS. In addition, significant correlations between enzyme activities and phytohormone concentrations were found. It was suggested that the phytohormone regulatory network plays key roles in regulating the activities of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and ROS metabolisms in response to mPS in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Junhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuefan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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213
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Ayachi I, Ghabriche R, Kourouma Y, Ben Naceur M, Abdelly C, Thomine S, Ghnaya T. Cd tolerance and accumulation in barley: screening of 36 North African cultivars on Cd-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:42722-42736. [PMID: 33821443 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In North Africa, barley (Hordeum vulgare L) is the second most cultivated cereal. In Tunisia, barley is cultivated in mining areas with possible Cd soil contamination. The accumulation of Cd was studied in the 36 most cultivated North African barley cultivars cultured during 6 months on control soil and on soil containing 10 ppm of Cd. Cadmium did not affect germination and morphology in any cultivar. However, Cd induced variable effects on the biomass according to the cultivar. The cultivar Lemsi was the most sensitive one and Gisa 127 the most tolerant to Cd. The spike morphology did not show any differences between control and Cd-treated plants. The number of grains per spike and the weight of kernels were differently affected by Cd. On this basis, we identified Manel, Temassine, Giza 130, and Firdaws as the most tolerant cultivars and Raihane, Giza 123, Adrar, and Amira as the most sensitive ones. Cd accumulated at a higher concentration in straw than in the grains, but for both organs, we observed a significant intraspecific variability. In the straw, Lemsi and Massine showed the highest Cd concentration, while the lowest concentration was recorded in Temassine. In the kernels, Amalou showed the highest Cd concentration, 14 μgg-1 of dry weight (DW), but the lowest Cd concentration was 1.7 μg g-1 DW in Kebelli. Based on the official allowable limit of Cd in the grain, all cultivars represent a potential risk when cultivated on soil contaminated with 10 ppm Cd. The molecular and physiological basis responsible for the differences in Cd tolerance and accumulation among barley cultivars will require more investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ayachi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, Box 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rim Ghabriche
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, Box 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yan Kourouma
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, Box 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sebastien Thomine
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, Box 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Arts and Crafts of Tataouine, University of Gabes, Rue OmarrEbenkhattab, 6029, Zerig-Gabes, Tunisia.
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214
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Hu H, Hua W, Shen A, Zhou H, Sheng L, Lou W, Zhang G. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence of barley exposed to simulated acid rain. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:42776-42786. [PMID: 33822300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain is considered one of the most serious plant abiotic stresses. Photosynthesis is the basis of crop growth and development. The effect of acid rain on barley photosynthesis remains unclear. A glasshouse experiment was conducted, and the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, and pigment content of barley were measured in simulated acid rain (SAR) under pH 6.5, 5.5, 4.5, and 3.5. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate, maximal photosynthetic rate, and light saturation point decreased and the light compensation point, and dark respiration rate increased with increasing acidity. The results suggested that photosynthesis in barley plants was inhibited by SAR stress. The Chl content and stomatal conductance declined in parallel with the reduced net photosynthetic rate when barley plants were under SAR stress conditions. This indicated that non-stomatal factors may contribute to reduced photosynthesis under acid rain stress. Acid rain had greater effects on the photosynthesis of the acid rain-sensitive plant Zhepi 33 than on non-sensitive Kunlun 12. A significant difference in parameters such as the maximal fluorescence, variable fluorescence, and active PSII reaction centers was found among the SAR treatments and may be used to evaluate the sensitivity of plants to acid rain stress. The visualization model showed that the photosynthetic reaction centers were inactivated in acid rain stressed barley plants. These findings are valuable for the evaluation of the plant sensitivity to acid rain stress and may be used for the detection and monitoring of acid rain effects on plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Wei Hua
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Alin Shen
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongkui Zhou
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Lou
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China
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215
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Féchir M, Reglitz K, Mall V, Voigt J, Steinhaus M. Molecular Insights into the Contribution of Specialty Barley Malts to the Aroma of Bottom-Fermented Lager Beers. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:8190-8199. [PMID: 34264656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Specialty barley malts provide unique aroma characteristics to beer; however, the transfer of specialty malt odorants to beer has not yet been systematically studied. Therefore, three beers were brewed: (1) exclusively with kilned base barley malt, (2) with the addition of a caramel barley malt, and (3) with the addition of a roasted barley malt. Major odorants in the beers were identified by aroma extract dilution analysis followed by quantitation and calculation of odor activity values (OAVs). The caramel malt beer was characterized by outstandingly high OAVs for odorants such as (E)-β-damascenone, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, methionol, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one, whereas the highest OAV for 2-methoxyphenol was obtained in the roasted malt beer. Quantifying odorants in the malts revealed that the direct transfer from malt to beer played only a minor role in the amount of malt odorants in the beers, suggesting a substantial formation from precursors and/or a release of encapsulated odorants during brewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Féchir
- Trier University of Applied Sciences, Schneidershof, 54293 Trier, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Klaas Reglitz
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Veronika Mall
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jens Voigt
- Trier University of Applied Sciences, Schneidershof, 54293 Trier, Germany
| | - Martin Steinhaus
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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216
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Marin M, Feeney DS, Brown LK, Naveed M, Ruiz S, Koebernick N, Bengough AG, Hallett PD, Roose T, Puértolas J, Dodd IC, George TS. Significance of root hairs for plant performance under contrasting field conditions and water deficit. Ann Bot 2021; 128:1-16. [PMID: 33038211 PMCID: PMC8318266 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous laboratory studies have suggested selection for root hair traits in future crop breeding to improve resource use efficiency and stress tolerance. However, data on the interplay between root hairs and open-field systems, under contrasting soils and climate conditions, are limited. As such, this study aims to experimentally elucidate some of the impacts that root hairs have on plant performance on a field scale. METHODS A field experiment was set up in Scotland for two consecutive years, under contrasting climate conditions and different soil textures (i.e. clay loam vs. sandy loam). Five barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes exhibiting variation in root hair length and density were used in the study. Root hair length, density and rhizosheath weight were measured at several growth stages, as well as shoot biomass, plant water status, shoot phosphorus (P) accumulation and grain yield. KEY RESULTS Measurements of root hair density, length and its correlation with rhizosheath weight highlighted trait robustness in the field under variable environmental conditions, although significant variations were found between soil textures as the growing season progressed. Root hairs did not confer a notable advantage to barley under optimal conditions, but under soil water deficit root hairs enhanced plant water status and stress tolerance resulting in a less negative leaf water potential and lower leaf abscisic acid concentration, while promoting shoot P accumulation. Furthermore, the presence of root hairs did not decrease yield under optimal conditions, while root hairs enhanced yield stability under drought. CONCLUSIONS Selecting for beneficial root hair traits can enhance yield stability without diminishing yield potential, overcoming the breeder's dilemma of trying to simultaneously enhance both productivity and resilience. Therefore, the maintenance or enhancement of root hairs can represent a key trait for breeding the next generation of crops for improved drought tolerance in relation to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - D S Feeney
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - L K Brown
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - M Naveed
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London, London, UK
| | - S Ruiz
- School of Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - N Koebernick
- School of Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A G Bengough
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - P D Hallett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - T Roose
- School of Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Puértolas
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - I C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - T S George
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
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217
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AbdElgawad H, Schoenaers S, Zinta G, Hassan YM, Abdel-Mawgoud M, Alkhalifah DHM, Hozzein WN, Asard H, Abuelsoud W. Soil arsenic toxicity differentially impacts C3 (barley) and C4 (maize) crops under future climate atmospheric CO 2. J Hazard Mater 2021; 414:125331. [PMID: 34030395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil arsenic (As) contamination limits global agricultural productivity. Anthropogenic emissions are causing atmospheric CO2 levels to rise. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) boosts plant growth both under optimal and suboptimal growth conditions. However, the crop-specific interaction between eCO2 and soil arsenic exposure has not been investigated at the whole plant, physiological and biochemical level. Here, we tested the effects of eCO2 (620 ppm) and soil As exposure (mild and severe treatments, 25 and 100 mg As/Kg soil) on growth, photosynthesis and redox homeostasis in barley (C3) and maize (C4). Compared to maize, barley was more susceptible to soil As exposure at ambient CO2 levels. Barley plants accumulated more As, particularly in roots. As accumulation inhibited plant growth and induced oxidative damage in a species-specific manner. As-exposed barley experienced severe oxidative stress as illustrated by high H2O2 and protein oxidation levels. Interestingly, eCO2 differentially mitigated As-induced stress in barley and maize. In barley, eCO2 exposure reduced photorespiration, H2O2 production, and lipid/protein oxidation. In maize eCO2 exposure led to an upregulation of the ascorbate-glutathione (ASC/GSH)-mediated antioxidative defense system. Combined, this work highlights how ambient and future eCO2 levels differentially affect the growth, physiology and biochemistry of barley and maize crops exposed to soil As pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
| | - Yasser M Hassan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Dalal Hussien M Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Walid Abuelsoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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218
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Jin Z, Solanki S, Ameen G, Gross T, Poudel RS, Borowicz P, Brueggeman RS, Schwarz P. Expansion of Internal Hyphal Growth in Fusarium Head Blight-Infected Grains Contributes to the Elevated Mycotoxin Production During the Malting Process. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2021; 34:793-802. [PMID: 33720745 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-21-0024-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the occurrence of mycotoxins is the largest food safety threat to malting and brewing grains. Worldwide surveys of commercial beers have reported that the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most frequent contaminant in beer. Although the DON content of grain generally declines during steeping due to its solubilization, Fusarium spp. can continue to grow and produce DON from steeping through the early kilning stage of malting. DON present on malt is largely extracted into beer. The objective of the current study was to localize the growth of Fusarium spp. within FHB-infected kernels by developing an improved method and to associate fungal growth with the production of DON during malting. FHB-infected barley, wheat, rye, and triticale grains that exhibited large increases in the amount of Fusarium Tri5 DNA and trichothecene mycotoxins following malting were screened for hyphal localization. The growth of fungal hyphae associated with grain and malt was imaged by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser-scanning microscopy assisted with WGA-Alexa Fluor 488 staining, respectively. In barley, hyphae were present on or within the husk, vascular bundle, and pericarp cavities. Following malting, vast hyphal growth was observed not only in these regions but also in the aleurone layer, endosperm, and embryo. Extensive fungal growth was also observed following malting of wheat, rye, and triticale. However, these grains already had an extensive internal presence of Fusarium hyphae in the unmalted grain, thus representing an enhanced chance of fungal expansion during the malting.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Shyam Solanki
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Gazala Ameen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Gross
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Roshan Sharma Poudel
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Pawel Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Robert S Brueggeman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
| | - Paul Schwarz
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
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219
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Thapa R, Mondal S, Riikonen J, Rantanen J, Näkki S, Nissinen T, Närvänen A, Lehto VP. Biogenic nanoporous silicon carrier improves the efficacy of buparvaquone against resistant visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009533. [PMID: 34185780 PMCID: PMC8274846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection that is fatal if untreated. There is no vaccination against the disease, and the current chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective due to increased resistance and severe side effects. Buparvaquone is a potential drug against the leishmaniases, but it is highly hydrophobic resulting in poor bioavailability and low therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we loaded the drug into silicon nanoparticles produced from barley husk, which is an agricultural residue and widely available. The buparvaquone-loaded nanoparticles were several times more selective to kill the intracellular parasites being non-toxic to macrophages compared to the pure buparvaquone and other conventionally used anti-leishmanial agents. Furthermore, the in vivo results revealed that the intraperitoneally injected buparvaquone-loaded nanoparticles suppressed the parasite burden close to 100%. By contrast, pure buparvaquone suppressed the burden only by 50% with corresponding doses. As the conclusion, the biogenic silicon nanoparticles are promising carriers to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy and selectivity of buparvaquone against resistant visceral leishmaniasis opening a new avenue for low-cost treatment against this neglected tropical disease threatening especially the poor people in developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinez Thapa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Subhasish Mondal
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal, India
| | - Joakim Riikonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jimi Rantanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Näkki
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ale Närvänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Tambussi EA, Maydup ML, Carrión CA, Guiamet JJ, Araus JL. Ear photosynthesis in C3 cereals and its contribution to grain yield: methodologies, controversies, and perspectives. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:3956-3970. [PMID: 33764460 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In C3 cereals such as wheat and barley, grain filling was traditionally explained as being sustained by assimilates from concurrent leaf photosynthesis and remobilization from the stem. In recent decades, a role for ear photosynthesis as a contributor to grain filling has emerged. This review analyzes several aspects of this topic: (i) methodological approaches for estimation of ear photosynthetic contribution to grain filling; (ii) the existence of genetic variability in the contribution of the ear, and evidence of genetic gains in the past; (iii) the controversy of the existence of C4 metabolism in the ear; (iv) the response of ear photosynthesis to water deficit; and (v) morphological and physiological traits possibly related to ear temperature and thermal balance of the ear. The main conclusions are: (i) there are a number of methodologies to quantify ear photosynthetic activity (e.g. gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence) and the contribution of the ear to grain filling (individual ear shading, ear emergence in shaded canopies, and isotope composition); (ii) the contribution of ear photosynthesis seems to have increased in modern wheat germplasm; (iii) the contribution of the ear to grain filling increases under resource-limitation (water deficit, defoliation, or pathogen infection); (iv) there is genetic variability in the contribution of the ear in wheat, opening up the possibility to use this trait to ameliorate grain yield; (v) current evidence supports the existence of C3 metabolism rather than C4 metabolism; (vi) the ear is a 'dehydration avoider organ' under drought; and (vii) thermal balance in the ear is a relevant issue to explore, and more research is needed to clarify the underlying morphological and physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Tambussi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), cc 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María L Maydup
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), cc 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Carrión
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Juan J Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), cc 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jose L Araus
- Unitat de Fisiología Vegetal, Departament de Botánica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida,Spain
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Karunaratne ND, Newkirk RW, Ames NP, Van Kessel AG, Bedford MR, Classen HL. Effects of exogenous β-glucanase on ileal digesta soluble β-glucan molecular weight, digestive tract characteristics, and performance of coccidiosis vaccinated broiler chickens fed hulless barley-based diets with and without medication. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0236231. [PMID: 33939708 PMCID: PMC8092798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limited use of medication in poultry feed led to the investigation of exogenous enzymes as antibiotic alternatives for controlling enteric disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet β-glucanase (BGase) and medication on β-glucan depolymerization, digestive tract characteristics, and growth performance of broilers. Materials and methods Broilers were fed hulless barley (HB) based diets with BGase (Econase GT 200P from AB Vista; 0 and 0.1%) and medication (Bacitracin and Salinomycin Na; with and without) arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial. In Experiment 1, 160 broilers were housed in cages from d 0 to 28. Each treatment was assigned to 10 cages. In Experiment 2, broilers (2376) were housed in floor pens and vaccinated for coccidiosis on d 5. Each treatment was assigned to one floor pen in each of nine rooms. Results In Experiment 1, the soluble β-glucan weighted average molecular weight (Mw) in the ileal digesta was lower with medication in the 0% BGase treatments. Peak molecular weight (Mp) and Mw were lower with BGase regardless of medication. The maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10% β-glucan (MW-10%) was lower with BGase addition. In Experiment 2, Mp was lower with medication in 0% BGase treatments. Beta-glucanase resulted in lower Mp regardless of medication, and the degree of response was lower with medication. The MW-10% was lower with BGase despite antibiotic addition. Body weight gain and feed efficiency were higher with medication regardless of BGase use through-out the trial (except d 11–22 feed efficiency). Beta-glucanase resulted in higher body weight gain after d 11 and worsened and improved feed efficiency before and after d 11, respectively, in unmedicated treatments. Conclusion BGase and medication caused the depolymerization of soluble ileal β-glucan. Beta-glucanase acted as a partial replacement for diet medication by increasing growth performance in coccidiosis vaccinated broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namalika D. Karunaratne
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rex W. Newkirk
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Nancy P. Ames
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Van Kessel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Henry L. Classen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Barčauskaitė K, Mažeika R. Chemical composition and risk assessment of spring barley grown in artificially contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:21684-21695. [PMID: 33411288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A model contaminated system was developed to determine mechanisms of napthalene bioaccumulation and effect on the mineral composition of spring barley grain and straw grown in the Calcari-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The soil was mixed with green waste compost and spiked with naphthalene which concentration varied from 0 to 500 ppm. Obtained results indicate that naphthalene additive at the concentration rate from 100 to 500 ppm reduced spring barley germination. The significant lower weight of green mass per pot, one plant weight and mass of 1000 grains were observed in the amendment with the highest naphthalene concentration (500 ppm). It was determined the daily intake (ED) of 16PAHs via spring barley grain and incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR). Estimated ED and ILCR of 16PAHs via spring barley ranged from 1.00 to 3.78 ng day-1 and 3.79 to 14.3 × 10-5 respectively. It should be noted that obtained results are higher around 10 times compared to previous studies performed using wheat grain. This study presents the mechanisms of naphthalene bioaccumulation and effect on the mineral composition of the most common agricultural plant spring barley grain and straw. Spring barley grain was found to have a higher content of nitrogen (N), boron (B) and phosphorous (P), whereas straw had a higher content of potassium (K), sodium (Na), chromium (Cr) and calcium (Ca).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Barčauskaitė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania.
| | - Romas Mažeika
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
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Thomas M. A comparative study of the factors affecting uptake and distribution of Cd with Ni in barley. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:730-736. [PMID: 33799184 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food crops often accumulate heavy metals above the recommended limits. Cadmium (Cd) is particularly harmful in terms of its potential dangers to human health. The effects of nutrient status and cation competition on Cd uptake and distribution in barley were investigated to analyse the main route for Cd entry into the plants. Cd uptake into whole plants was measured by radiotracer studies and elemental analysis using environmentally relevant concentrations. The nutrient status of the plants was altered by growing them hydroponically in micronutrient-deficient conditions (-Fe, -Mn, or -Zn). Fe and Zn were found to have a large effect on the uptake of Cd both via deficiencies and by the competition for uptake. However, Mn was found to have no effect on the uptake of Cd either via deficiency or by the competition for uptake. This strongly suggests that the main route for Cd uptake into the roots is via Fe and Zn transporters. The inhibition of Cd influx only by FeII (but not by FeIII) suggests that Cd uptake into the root occurs through divalent cation transporters. Since Cd is a non-essential metal in plants, the transport characteristics were compared with those of an essential micronutrient, Ni. At the same external concentration, more than twice as much Cd was absorbed as Ni in all of the different nutrient conditions. Ni translocation to the shoot was much lower than for Cd. The comparison of two metals showed some similarities in the root uptake processes but not in the shoot translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrine Thomas
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia, Australia.
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George-Jaeggli B, Lefèvre-Arbogast S, Hunt C, Cruickshank A, Jordan DR. Tall 3-dwarfs: oxymoron or opportunity to increase grain yield in sorghum? Planta 2021; 253:110. [PMID: 33885928 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant height was positively correlated with grain yield across a large set of 3-dwarf sorghum hybrids and production environments in north-eastern Australia. In industrialised countries, plant breeders tend to select for short plant stature in cereals like wheat, barley and rice, but also grain sorghum. This is mainly to prevent stalk lodging and to allow for machine harvesting. However, this counteracts an intrinsic positive relationship between plant height and yield potential often observed in cereals. We used data from multi-environment breeding trials comprising large sets of female sorghum lines from a range of pedigrees in hybrid combination with five different male testers. The hybrids were grown in 22 different rainfed environments in north-eastern Australia, which allowed us to thoroughly examine the relationship between plant height and yield across a range of productivity levels. Covariate analysis showed that in 38 out of the 90 tested relationships, grain yield was significantly (p < 0.05) positively and in only one case significantly negatively associated with plant height. This strong positive association between the traits was supported by the observation that 87% of the effects were either positive or zero. The effects of height on yield ranged from a decrease of 0.015 t ha-1 to an increase of 0.057 t ha-1 cm-1. The majority of the negative effects were observed in low-yielding trials and the positive effect of height tended to increase with increasing mean trial yield. Opportunities to increase yield potential by selecting for slightly taller sorghum hybrids therefore need to be explored in context with the target environments and in combination with other means to control the risks of lodging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara George-Jaeggli
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility 604, Yangan Rd, Warwick, 4370, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility 604, Yangan Rd, Warwick, 4370, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sophie Lefèvre-Arbogast
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility 604, Yangan Rd, Warwick, 4370, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen Hunt
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility 604, Yangan Rd, Warwick, 4370, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan Cruickshank
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility 604, Yangan Rd, Warwick, 4370, Queensland, Australia
| | - David R Jordan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility 604, Yangan Rd, Warwick, 4370, Queensland, Australia.
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225
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Li D, Feng Y, Tian M, Ji J, Hu X, Chen F. Gut microbiota-derived inosine from dietary barley leaf supplementation attenuates colitis through PPARγ signaling activation. Microbiome 2021; 9:83. [PMID: 33820558 PMCID: PMC8022418 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal homeostasis dysregulation. Barley leaf (BL) has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine with potential health-promoting effects on intestinal functions. However, its mechanism of action is not yet clear. Here, we explore the potential modulating roles of gut microbial metabolites of BL to protect against colitis and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Using 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis, we first found that dietary supplementation of BL ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. The mechanisms by which BL protected against DSS-induced colitis were resulted from improved intestinal mucosal barrier functions via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ signaling. In addition, metabolomic profiling analysis showed that the gut microbiota modulated BL-induced metabolic reprograming in the colonic tissues particularly by the enhancement of glycolysis process. Notably, dietary BL supplementation resulted in the enrichment of microbiota-derived purine metabolite inosine, which could activate PPARγ signaling in human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of inosine reproduced similar protective effects as BL to protect against DSS-induced colitis through improving adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR)/PPARγ-dependent mucosal barrier functions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that the gut microbiota-inosine-A2AR/PPARγ axis plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, which may represent a novel approach for colitis prevention via manipulation of the gut microbial purine metabolite. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daotong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Feng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meiling Tian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junfu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ube N, Katsuyama Y, Kariya K, Tebayashi SI, Sue M, Tohnooka T, Ueno K, Taketa S, Ishihara A. Identification of methoxylchalcones produced in response to CuCl 2 treatment and pathogen infection in barley. Phytochemistry 2021; 184:112650. [PMID: 33529859 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in specialized metabolites were analyzed in barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves treated with CuCl2 solution as an elicitor. LC-MS analysis of the CuCl2-treated leaves showed the induced accumulation of three compounds. Among them, two were purified by silica gel and ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC and were identified as 2',3,4,4',6'-pentamethoxychalcone and 2'-hydroxy-3,4,4',6'-tetramethoxychalcone by spectroscopic analyses. The remaining compound was determined as 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), a major oxylipin in plants, by comparing its spectrum and retention time from LC-MS/MS analysis with those of the authentic compound. The accumulation of these compounds was reproduced in leaves inoculated with Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of spot blotch of the Poaceae species. This inoculation increased the amounts of other oxylipins, including jasmonic acid (JA), JA-Ile, 9-oxooctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (9-KODE), and 13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (13-KODE). The treatments of the barley leaves with JA and OPDA induced the accumulation of methoxylchalcones, but treatment with 9-KODE did not. These methoxylchalcones inhibited conidial germination of B. sorokiniana and Fusarium graminearum, thereby indicating that these compounds possessed antifungal activity. Consequently, they are considered to be involved in the chemical defense processes as phytoalexins in barley. Accumulation of methoxylchalcones in response to JA treatment was observed in all seven barley cultivars tested, but was not detected in other wild Hordeum species, wheat, and rice, thus indicating that their production was specific to cultivated barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ube
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yuhka Katsuyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kariya
- Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tebayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sue
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Takuji Tohnooka
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Kotomi Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Shin Taketa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.
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227
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Zhao H, Ni S, Cai S, Zhang G. Comprehensive dissection of primary metabolites in response to diverse abiotic stress in barley at seedling stage. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 161:54-64. [PMID: 33578285 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants will meet various abiotic stresses during their growth and development. One of the important strategies for plants to deal with the stress is involved in metabolic regulation, causing the dramatic changes of metabolite profiles. Metabolomic studies have been intensively conducted to reveal the responses of plants to abiotic stress, but most of them were limited to one or at most two abiotic stresses in a single experiment. In this study, we compared the metabolite profiles of barley seedlings exposed to seven abiotic stresses, including drought, salt stress, aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), deficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The results showed that metabolite profiles of barley under these stresses could be classified into three groups: osmotic stresses (drought and salt); metal stresses (Al and Cd) and nutrient deficiencies (N, P and K deficiencies). Compared with the control, some metabolites (including polyamines, raffinose and pipecolic acid) in plants exposed to all abiotic stresses changed significantly, while some other metabolites showed the specific change only under a certain abiotic stress, such as proline being largely increased by osmotic stress (drought and salinity), the P-containing metabolites being largely decreased under P deficiency, some amino acids (lysine, tyrosine, threonine, ornithine, glutamine and so on) showing the dramatic reduction in the plants exposed to N deficiencies, respectively. The current meta-analysis obtained a comprehensive view on the metabolic responses to various abiotic stress, and improved the understanding of the mechanisms for tolerance of barley to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengjing Ni
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengguan Cai
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Zhang Z, Wei Q, Zeng Y, Jia X, Su H, Lin W, Xing N, Bai H, He Y, Wang Q. Effect of Hordei Fructus Germinatus on differential gene expression in the prolactin signaling pathway in the mammary gland of lactating rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 268:113589. [PMID: 33217517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In China, Hordei Fructus Germinatus (HFG) is the germinated and dried fruit of Hordeum vulgare L, which is commonly used in clinical Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory holds that HFG can be both medicinal and edible, which means that it is derived from food medicine. Raw HFG and roasted HFG are used to treat hypogalactia, hyperprolactinemia and indigestion. In recent years, the lactogenic and galactophygous effects of HFG have attracted increasing attention. Nevertheless, there is much confusion over the use of raw and processed HFG, and the mechanism of its lactogenic effect seems remains poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the lactogenic effect of raw HFG and roasted HFG on rats with overloaded lactation and to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Raw and processed HFG water decoctions were given to overloaded lactation model rats at a dose of 1.7800 g kg-1·d-1, and the control group was given the same volume of water. The lactogenic effect of raw and processed HFG was evaluated by measuring daily lactation, body weight and pup body weight, serum PRL, E2, and GH contents after parturition, and the pathological characteristics of mammary tissue sections. cDNA microarrays can be used to screen diverse gene expression patterns and signaling pathways related to prolactin. The expression of relevant differentially expressed genes was verified by real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS In vivo experiments demonstrated that the raw HFG water decoction stimulated mammogenesis, accelerated the transformation of the lobular acinar system, resulted in denser mammary epithelial cells and thicker glandular ducts that were full of milk and facilitated the secretion of milk. Moreover, HFG increased PRL, E2, and GH levels, pup body weight, daily lactation and the body weight of lactating rats. Following gene chip identification, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed genes that were highly related to prolactin in the prolactin signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the main differentially expressed genes were Jak2 (down), Stat5α (up), cyclin D1 (up), SOCS1 (up), CISH (down) and PRLR (up). Compared with the control group, RT-PCR results indicated that Jak2 and CISH were downregulated and that Stat5α, cyclin D1, SOCS1 and PRLR were upregulated. Western blot assays showed that PRLR, STAT5α and cyclin D1 levels in the mammary glands of the raw HFG water decoction group were significantly increased, which was consistent with the results of cDNA microarray screening. CONCLUSION The present study reveals that raw HFG effectively enhances lactation in rats, possibly by influencing the prolactin/JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yuanning Zeng
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaozhou Jia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huilin Su
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wanna Lin
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Na Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Haodong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yanshan He
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China; College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Mio K, Otake N, Nakashima S, Matsuoka T, Aoe S. Ingestion of High β-Glucan Barley Flour Enhances the Intestinal Immune System of Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Prebiotic Effects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030907. [PMID: 33799564 PMCID: PMC7999470 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The prebiotic effect of high β-glucan barley (HGB) flour on the innate immune system of high-fat model mice was investigated. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with HGB flour for 90 days. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the cecum and serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Real-time PCR was used to determine mRNA expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 in the ileum as well as the composition of the microbiota in the cecum. Concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and organic acids were analyzed by GC/MS. Concentrations of sIgA in the cecum and serum were increased in the HGB group compared to the control. Gene expression levels of IL-10 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) significantly increased in the HGB group. HGB intake increased the bacterial count of microbiota, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Concentrations of propionate and lactate in the cecum were increased in the HGB group, and a positive correlation was found between these organic acids and the IL-10 expression level. Our findings showed that HGB flour enhanced immune function such as IgA secretion and IL-10 expression, even when the immune system was deteriorated by a high-fat diet. Moreover, we found that HGB flour modulated the gut microbiota, which increased the concentration of SCFAs, thereby stimulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Mio
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan; (K.M.); (N.O.)
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3843, Japan; (S.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Nami Otake
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan; (K.M.); (N.O.)
| | - Satoko Nakashima
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3843, Japan; (S.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Tsubasa Matsuoka
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3843, Japan; (S.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan; (K.M.); (N.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5275-6048
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230
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Tian M, Li D, Ma C, Feng Y, Hu X, Chen F. Barley Leaf Insoluble Dietary Fiber Alleviated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Mice Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030846. [PMID: 33807544 PMCID: PMC8001343 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of dietary fiber has been proved to be an effective strategy to prevent and relieve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through gut microbiota modulation. However, more attention has been paid to the efficacy of soluble dietary fiber than that of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). In the present study, we investigated whether IDF from barley leaf (BLIDF) can inhibit gut inflammation via modulating the intestinal microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice. The mice were fed 1.52% BLIDF-supplemented diet for 28 days. Results demonstrated that feeding BLIDF markedly mitigated DSS-induced acute colitis symptoms and down-regulated IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in the colon and serum of colitis mice. BLIDF supplementation effectively reduced the abundance of Akkermansia and increased the abundance of Parasutterella, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Alistipes. Importantly, the anti-colitis effects of BLIDF were abolished when the intestinal microbiota was depleted by antibiotics. Furthermore, the targeted microbiota-derived metabolites analysis suggested that BLIDF feeding can reverse the DSS-induced decline of short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids in mice feces. Finally, BLIDF supplementation elevated the expression of occludin and mucin2, and decreased the expression of claudin-1 in colons of DSS-treated mice. Overall, our observations suggest that BLIDF exerts anti-inflammatory effects via modulating the intestinal microbiota composition and increasing the production of microbiota-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fang Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62737645 (ext. 18)
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231
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Saldaña-Robles N, Damián-Ascencio C, Gutiérrez-Chávez A, Zanor G, Guerra-Sánchez R, Herrera-Díaz I, Saldaña-Robles A. Spatio-temporal groundwater arsenic distribution in Central Mexico: implications in accumulation of arsenic in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) agrosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:11333-11347. [PMID: 33123880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a spatio-temporal study of arsenic (As) concentration in groundwater and its impact in barley uptake is presented. The impact of As on barley is studied through the determination of its bioaccumulation in the soil-plant system, As uptake, as well as a correlation between As concentration in water and its temperature in the groundwater. For the groundwater, spatial and temporal variability of As concentration in central Mexico was determined through a geostatistical analysis using ordinary kriging. The results show that the variability of As in the ground water is correlated with its temperature (R2 > 0.83). The As accumulation in the structures of plant follows the order root > leaf > ear in concentration. The bioaccumulation factor BAFT suggests that As is mobilized to the aerial parts of the barely for both As concentrations used in the irrigation water. However, for As concentration lower than 25 μg L-1, the BAFT is lower than 0.57, suggesting that the amount of As in root is the same as that contained in the aerial parts; whereas, for higher As concentrations (from 170 to 250 μg L-1), the BAFT is around 0.92, indicating that the As is mainly contained in root. The spatial distribution of As concentration trend in groundwaters along the time is the same, which means high As concentration areas remain in the same groundwaters and these areas are presenting the highest water temperature. These results shall contribute to understand the bioaccumulation of As in barley and the As spatial variability in central Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Saldaña-Robles
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, México
| | - Cesar Damián-Ascencio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36886, Salamanca, GTO, Mexico
| | - Abner Gutiérrez-Chávez
- Department of Veterinary and Zootechny, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Zanor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, Mexico
| | | | - Israel Herrera-Díaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, México
| | - Adriana Saldaña-Robles
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, México.
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232
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Rashidi M, Cruzado RK, Hutchinson PJS, Bosque-Pérez NA, Marshall JM, Rashed A. Grassy Weeds and Corn as Potential Sources of Barley yellow dwarf virus Spread Into Winter Wheat. Plant Dis 2021; 105:444-449. [PMID: 32716264 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-1004-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is an important vector-borne pathogen of cereals. Although many species of grasses are known to host BYDV, knowledge of their role in virus spread in regional agroecosystems remains limited. Between 2012 and 2016, Idaho winter wheat production was affected by BYDV. BYDV-PAV and the bird cherry-oat aphid (BCOA) (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) vector were commonly present in the affected areas. A series of greenhouse bioassays were performed to examine whether two types of corn (Zea mays L.), dent and sweet, and three commonly found grassy weeds, downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.), and foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), can be inoculated with BYDV (species BYDV-PAV) by BCOA and also act as sources of the virus in winter wheat. BCOA successfully transmitted BYDV-PAV to both corn types and all weed species. Virus titers differed between the weed species (P = 0.032) and between corn types (P = 0.001). In transmission bioassays, aphids were able to survive on these host plants during the 5-day acquisition access period and later successfully transmitted BYDV-PAV to winter wheat (var. SY Ovation). Transmission success was positively correlated with the virus titer of the source plant (P < 0.001) and influenced by weed species (P = 0.028) but not corn type. Overall, the results of our inoculation and transmission assays showed that the examined weed species and corn types can be inoculated with BYDV-PAV by BCOA and subsequently act as sources of infections in winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rashidi
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - Regina K Cruzado
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | - Pamela J S Hutchinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - Nilsa A Bosque-Pérez
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | - Juliet M Marshall
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - Arash Rashed
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
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233
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Raut MP, Pandhal J, Wright PC. Effective pretreatment of lignocellulosic co-substrates using barley straw-adapted microbial consortia to enhanced biomethanation by anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol 2021; 321:124437. [PMID: 33271363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pretreatments have been identified as a compatible and sustainable process with anaerobic digestion compared to energy-intensive physicochemical pretreatments. In this study, barley straw and hay co-substrate was pretreated with a microaerobic barley straw-adapted microbial (BSAM) consortium prior to anaerobic digestion. The improved digestibility was investigated through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, microbial counts and C:N ratios. BSAM pretreatment resulted in 15.2 L kg-1 TS of methane yield after 35 days, almost 40 times more than the control. The methane content in total biogas produced were 58% (v/v) and 10% (v/v) in BSAM and control, respectively. This research demonstrated that BSAM-based pretreatment significantly increased the digestibility and surface area of the lignocellulosic material and considerably enhanced biomethanation. This study generates new potential bio-research opportunities in the emerging field of lignocellulosic anaerobic digestion-biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P Raut
- The ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- The ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Phillip C Wright
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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234
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Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, AlShammari TM, Tombuloglu G, Almessiere MA, Sozeri H, Baykal A, Ercan I. Delivery, fate and physiological effect of engineered cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Chemosphere 2021; 265:129138. [PMID: 33279234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) have received increasing attention in a widespread application. This work examines the fate and impact of terbium (Tb) substituted CoFe2O4 NPs on the growth, physiological indices, and magnetic character of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sonochemically synthesized NPs were hydroponically applied on barley with changing doses (125-1000 mg/L) at germination and seedling (three weeks) stages. Results revealed a significant reduction in germination rate (∼37% at 1000 mg/L); however, a remarkable growth (∼38-65%) and biomass (∼72-133%) increase were detected at three weeks of exposure (p < 0.05). The elements that make up the NPs (i.e., Tb, Co, and Fe) increased significantly in both root and leaf tissues, indicating the translocation of NPs from the root to leaf. Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis confirmed this finding, where magnetic signals in the root and leaf samples of the control were respectively about 26 and 75 times lower than that of NPs-treated tissues. Also, the accumulation of NPs altered the leaf photoluminescence (PL) behavior, which may have contributed to the biomass increase. Overall, Tb-doped CoFe2O4 NPs translocate from root-to-leaf and enhance plant growth, possibly due to i) incorporation of iron within tissues, and ii) changes in photoluminescence. However, since its effects on other living things are not known yet, its agricultural use and release to nature should be considered well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yassine Slimani
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Marhoon AlShammari
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guzin Tombuloglu
- Adnan Kahveci Mah., Mimar Sinan Cad., Mavisu Evl., 7/28 Beylikduzu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Munirah A Almessiere
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huseyin Sozeri
- TUBITAK-UME, National Metrology Institute, P.O. Box 54, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
| | - Abdulhadi Baykal
- Department of Nanomedicine, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Ercan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Nikolaeva O, Karpukhin M, Streletskii R, Rozanova M, Chistova O, Panina N. Linking pollution of roadside soils and ecotoxicological responses of five higher plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111586. [PMID: 33396109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research studies a typical landscape of an agricultural area separated from the road by a ditch with trees. Soils were sampled at 1, 2, 7, 25, and 50 m from the road. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), total and phyto-available heavy metals (HM), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and de-icing salts (DS, Cl-) were determined using standard techniques. A set of higher plants (Lepidium sativum L., Sinapis alba L., Raphanus sativus L., Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L.) was applied for toxicity evaluation of soils. The objective of this research is to find correlations between pollution of roadside soils and their phytotoxicity. HM, TPH and DS contamination of soils was observed in the 0-25 m zone, and PAH contamination was found up to the 50 m. Soil toxicity was declining from the road to the 50 m. Phytotoxicity related to majority of plants performed correlations with the same set of contaminants: TPH, 2-rings PAH, phyto-available Zn, Cu, Pb, and total Zn. No any correlations demonstrated Avena sativa L., being not applicable for ecotoxicological assessment of roadside soils. Despite the phytotoxicity was generally in line with contaminants loads, surprisingly low values were indicated in the ditch characterized by the strong pollution. We attribute this to the contrasting properties of soils there - the higher content of organics and clay. Sensitivity of plants to roadside pollution decreased in the row Lepidium sativum L. > Hordeum vulgare L. > Sinapis alba L. > Raphanus sativus L. The most reliable test-parameters for toxicity estimation were the root and the shoot length, germination rate was not informative indicating low phytotoxicity values. The research showed the importance of the right choice of test-cultures and test-parameters to judge phytotoxicity correctly. Linking the contaminants loads and phytotoxicity effects is valuable for comprehensive ecotoxicological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Nikolaeva
- Research and Training Soil Ecological Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chashnikovo, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, 141592, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Karpukhin
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, bld. 1/12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Rostislav Streletskii
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, bld. 1/12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina Rozanova
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, bld. 1/12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga Chistova
- Research and Training Soil Ecological Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chashnikovo, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, 141592, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Panina
- Research and Training Soil Ecological Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chashnikovo, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, 141592, Russia
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Nakib D, Slatni T, Di Foggia M, Rombolà AD, Abdelly C. Changes in organic compounds secreted by roots in two Poaceae species ( Hordeum vulgare and Polypogon monspenliensis) subjected to iron deficiency. J Plant Res 2021; 134:151-163. [PMID: 33411147 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite their economic and ecological interests, Poaceae are affected by the low availability of iron in calcareous soils. Several studies focused on the capacity of this family to secrete phytosiderophores and organic acids as a mechanism of tolerance to iron deficiency. This work aimed at studying the physiological responses of two Poaceae species; Hordeum vulgare (cultivated barley) and Polypogon monspenliensis (spontaneous species) to iron deficiency, and evaluate especially the release of phytosiderophores and organic acids. For this purpose, seedlings of these two species were cultivated in complete nutrient solution with or without iron. The biomass production, iron status, phytosiderophores and organic acids release by roots were studied. The results demonstrated that Polypogon monspenliensis was relatively more tolerant to iron deficiency than Hordeum vulgare. Polypogon monspenliensis had the ability to secrete a higher amount of phytosiderophores and organic acids, especially citric, acetic, oxalic and malic acids, compared to Hordeum vulgare. We propose this spontaneous species as a forage plant in calcareous soils and in intercropping systems with fruit trees to prevent iron chlorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsaf Nakib
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisie
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologne, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologne, Italy
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte (FSB), Département de Biologie, Université de Carthage (UCAR), Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054, Amilcar, Tunisie
| | - Tarek Slatni
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisie.
- Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis (FST), Département de Biologie, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), 1060, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Michele Di Foggia
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte (FSB), Département de Biologie, Université de Carthage (UCAR), Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054, Amilcar, Tunisie
| | - Adamo Domenico Rombolà
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte (FSB), Département de Biologie, Université de Carthage (UCAR), Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054, Amilcar, Tunisie
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisie
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237
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He Q, Li P, Zhang W, Bi Y. Cytoplasmic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays an important role in the silicon-enhanced alkaline tolerance in highland barley. Funct Plant Biol 2021; 48:119-130. [PMID: 32777198 DOI: 10.1071/fp20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), as a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, extensively responds to the biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study we focussed on the G6PDH role in the alleviation of alkaline stress induced by silicon (Si) in highland barley. Application of Si reduced the water loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, improved the fresh weight, photosynthesis, K+ content, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, thus alleviating the damage caused by alkaline stress. The G6PDH activity, especially the cytoplasmic G6PDH, significantly increased under alkaline stress, and was further stimulated by the addition of exogenous Si. Meanwhile, the levels of NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH) showed similar profiles to G6PDH activity under NaHCO3 and NaHCO3 + Si treatments. The inhibition of G6PDH activity by glucosamine abolished the relieving effect of Si on alkaline stress, which was manifested in the increase of ROS and the decrease of GSH content. Together, our results suggest that Si-enhanced tolerance of alkaline stress may be related to the regulation of GSH levels by the cytoplasmic G6PDH in highland barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China; and Corresponding author.
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238
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Ran T, Saleem AM, Beauchemin KA, Penner GB, Yang W. Processing index of barley grain and dietary undigested neutral detergent fiber concentration affected chewing behavior, ruminal pH, and total tract nutrient digestibility of heifers fed a high-grain diet. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab011. [PMID: 33523183 PMCID: PMC7850052 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of processing index (PI) of barley grain and dietary undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) concentration on dry matter (DM) intake, chewing activity, ruminal pH and fermentation characteristics, total tract digestibility, gastrointestinal barrier function, and blood metabolites of finishing beef heifers. The PI was measured as the density after processing expressed as a percentage of the density before processing, and a smaller PI equates to a more extensively processed. Six ruminally cannulated heifers (average body weight, 715 ± 29 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with three PI (65%, 75%, and 85%) × 2 uNDF concentration (low and high; 4.6% vs. 5.6% of DM) factorial arrangement. The heifers were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration consisting of 10% barley silage (low uNDF), or 5% silage and 5% straw (high uNDF), 87% dry-rolled barley grain, and 3% mineral and vitamin supplements. Interactions (P < 0.01) of PI × uNDF were observed for DM intake, ruminating and total chewing time, and DM digestibility in the total digestive tract. Intake of DM, organic matter (OM), starch, and crude protein (CP) did not differ (P > 0.14) between low and high uNDF diets, but intakes of NDF and acid detergent fiber were greater (P = 0.01) for high uNDF diets regardless of barley PI. Heifers fed high uNDF diets had longer (P = 0.05) eating times (min/d or min/kg DM) and tended (P = 0.10) to have longer total chewing times (min/kg DM) than those fed low uNDF diets. Additionally, heifers sorted (P = 0.01) against long particles (>19 mm) for high uNDF diets but not for low uNDF diets. Altering PI of barley grain did not affect (P > 0.12) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, molar percentages of individual VFA, or duration of ruminal pH < 5.8 and <5.6. Total VFA concentration was less (P = 0.01), acetate percentage was greater (P = 0.01), and duration of ruminal pH < 5.8 and <5.6 was less (P = 0.05) for high compared with low uNDF diets. Digestibility of DM, OM, and CP was greater (P = 0.02) for low vs. high uNDF diets with PI of 65% and 75%, with no difference between low and high uNDF diets at PI of 85%. Blood metabolites and gastrointestinal tract barrier function were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by the treatments. These results suggest that increasing dietary uNDF concentration is an effective strategy to improve ruminal pH status in finishing cattle, regardless of the extent of grain processing, whereas manipulating the extent of barley processing did not reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ran
- College of Pastoral Science and Technology, University of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Atef M Saleem
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Ishiyama S, Kimura M, Nakagawa T, Fujimoto Y, Uchimura K, Kishigami S, Mochizuki K. Development of the Diabetic Kidney Disease Mouse Model Culturing Embryos in α-Minimum Essential Medium In Vitro, and Feeding Barley Diet Attenuated the Pathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:746838. [PMID: 34867790 PMCID: PMC8634848 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.746838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a critical complication associated with diabetes; however, there are only a few animal models that can be used to explore its pathogenesis. In the present study, we established a mouse model of DKD using a technique based on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, i.e., by manipulating the embryonic environment, and investigated whether a dietary intervention could ameliorate the model's pathology. Two-cell embryos were cultured in vitro in α-minimum essential medium (MEM; MEM mice) or in standard potassium simplex-optimized medium (KSOM) as controls (KSOM mice) for 48 h, and the embryos were reintroduced into the mothers. The MEM and KSOM mice born were fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet for 58 days after they were 8 weeks old. Subsequently, half of the MEM mice and all KSOM mice were fed a diet containing rice powder (control diet), and the remaining MEM mice were fed a diet containing barley powder (barley diet) for 10 weeks. Glomerulosclerosis and pancreatic exhaustion were observed in MEM mice, but not in control KSOM mice. Renal arteriolar changes, including intimal thickening and increase in the rate of hyalinosis, were more pronounced in MEM mice fed a control diet than in KSOM mice. Immunostaining showed the higher expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) in the proximal/distal renal tubules of MEM mice fed a control diet than in those of KSOM mice. Pathologies, such as glomerulosclerosis, renal arteriolar changes, and higher TGFB expression, were ameliorated by barley diet intake in MEM mice. These findings suggested that the MEM mouse is an effective DKD animal model that shows glomerulosclerosis and renal arteriolar changes, and barley intake can improve these pathologies in MEM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ishiyama
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Mayu Kimura
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Fujimoto
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Kohei Uchimura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuki Mochizuki,
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Mikolasch A, Berzhanova R, Omirbekova A, Reinhard A, Zühlke D, Meister M, Mukasheva T, Riedel K, Urich T, Schauer F. Moniliella spathulata, an oil-degrading yeast, which promotes growth of barley in oil-polluted soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:401-415. [PMID: 33219393 PMCID: PMC7778628 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The yeast strain Moniliella spathulata SBUG-Y 2180 was isolated from oil-contaminated soil at the Tengiz oil field in the Atyrau region of Kazakhstan on the basis of its unique ability to use crude oil and its components as the sole carbon and energy source. This yeast used a large number of hydrocarbons as substrates (more than 150), including n-alkanes with chain lengths ranging from C10 to C32, monomethyl- and monoethyl-substituted alkanes (C9-C23), and n-alkylcyclo alkanes with alkyl chain lengths from 3 to 24 carbon atoms as well as substituted monoaromatic and diaromatic hydrocarbons. Metabolism of this huge range of hydrocarbon substrates produced a very large number of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic acids. Fifty-one of these were identified by GC/MS analyses. This is the first report of the degradation and formation of such a large number of compounds by a yeast. Inoculation of barley seeds with M. spathulata SBUG-Y 2180 had a positive effect on shoot and root development of plants grown in oil-contaminated sand, pointing toward potential applications of the yeast in bioremediation of polluted soils. KEY POINTS: • Moniliella spathulata an oil-degrading yeast • Increase of the growth of barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Mikolasch
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Ramza Berzhanova
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040
| | - Anel Omirbekova
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040
| | - Anne Reinhard
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniele Zühlke
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mareike Meister
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Togzhan Mukasheva
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frieder Schauer
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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Cui J, Jiao Y, Zhou B, Ren H, Li H, Liu S, Jiang S, Meng H, Li M, Dababat AA, Peng D. Pathotype, Resistance Classification, and Seed-Coating Control of Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi in the North China Plain. Plant Dis 2020; 104:3230-3238. [PMID: 33079015 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-20-0258-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi are cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) that infect cereals in 16 provinces of China. CCN populations from Xuchang, Tangyin, Qihe, and Juye were tested using 23 barley, oat, and wheat entries of the International Test Assortment for Defining Cereal Cyst Nematode Pathotypes. H. avenae populations from Tangyin, Qihe, and Juye were classified as pathotype Ha91, and H. filipjevi from Xuchang was classified as a new pathotype similar to pathotype West. Among 42 other winter wheat cultivars, 29 and 30 were differentially susceptible, 13 and 12 were differentially resistant to H. avenae and H. filipjevi, respectively. Three entries were resistant to both species, and three other entries were resistant to H. avenae and moderately resistant to H. filipjevi. Coating wheat seed with abamectin + isopycnic imidacloprid or methylene (bis) thiocyanate + thiamethoxam reduced the number of H. avenae and H. filipjevi cysts by 46 to 56%, increased wheat yield by 9 to 27%, and improved net income by 660 to 2,640 Chinese Yuan ha-1, respectively. Resistant wheat cultivars are scarce in China, and seed coating is considered the most suitable method for controlling CCNs in the North China Plain, where crop rotation cannot be practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkuan Cui
- College of Plant Protection, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- College of Plant Protection, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haohao Ren
- College of Plant Protection, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Plant Protection, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haoguang Meng
- College of Plant Protection, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Minmin Li
- Plant Protection Central Station of Shandong Province, Jinan Shandong 250100, China
| | | | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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242
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Kalb V, Seewald T, Hofmann T, Granvogl M. The Role of Endogenous Enzymes during Malting of Barley and Wheat Varieties in the Mitigation of Styrene in Wheat Beer. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:13888-13896. [PMID: 33151684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the biochemical processes responsible for the release of phenolic acids (precursors of vinyl aromatics) during malting is important to find mitigation strategies for the toxicologically relevant styrene (formed from cinnamic acid) in wheat beer. Therefore, grain and malts of four barley and three wheat varieties were screened for the activities of various enzymes and the amounts of nonstarch polysaccharides (to which the phenolic acids are bound to a certain extent). During malting, a very strong degradation of β-glucan, synonymous to a depletion of the cell walls, was found, suggesting that a partial degradation of cell walls cannot have an effect on the release of phenolic acids. In barley malts, water-extractable arabinoxylan contents were between 0.59 and 0.79 g/100 g dm and in wheat malts between 0.93 and 1.51 g/100 g dm. Additionally, higher soluble ferulic acid contents in wheat wort compared to barley wort indicated that the degradation of nonstarch polysaccharides has an impact on the release of phenolic acids. For the feruloyl esterase, higher activities were found in malts of the barley varieties. However, this fact was not reflected by the free phenolic acid contents in those malts. Correlation coefficients between the protease activity and the feruloyl esterase, α- and β-amylase, and β-glucanase activities were proven to be insignificant, highlighting that the protease activity had no effect on the activities of these other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian Kalb
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Torsten Seewald
- Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, Fachgebiet Brauwesen, Technische Universität Berlin, Seestraße 13, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Fachgebiet Lebensmittelchemie und Analytische Chemie (170a), Fakultät Naturwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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243
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Kosiorek M, Wyszkowski M. Trace element contents in spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and white mustard ( Synapis alba L.) following the remediation of cobalt-contaminated soil. Int J Phytoremediation 2020; 23:669-683. [PMID: 33232177 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1849013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to determine the effects of various substances (manure, clay, charcoal, zeolite, and calcium oxide) applied to a cobalt-contaminated soil (0, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg kg-1 of soil) on the content of certain trace elements in spring barley (main crop) and white mustard (after-crop). The effect of cobalt on the contents of the trace elements was ambiguous and was either antagonistic or synergistic in nature, depending on the organ and plant species. Generally, the substances applied to soil reduced the content of most trace elements in above-ground parts of both plants and in the roots of white mustard, in contrast to the roots of spring barley. Of all the substances, calcium oxide had the strongest and generally reducing effect on the content of trace elements in the tested organs of the plants; however, its effect was the weakest in the roots of white mustard. Statement of NoveltyIt is difficult to find in the literature the results of studies into the effect of mineral and other amendments used in our research (manure, clay, charcoal, zeolite, and calcium oxide) on trace elements content in plants if they are used with a view to weakening the effect of cobalt on plants. We think that it is the novelty in the results of environmental sciences. The literature refer to the application of organic matter, bentonite, zeolite and calcium oxide to neutralize other heavy metals. The research was carried out in the two plants system used for phytoremediation with main crop (spring barley-Hordeum vulgare L.) and after-crop (white mustard-Synapis alba L.). The trace elements were analyzed in test plants. The results of the research allowed to select the most effective substance to support the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with cobalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kosiorek
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mirosław Wyszkowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, AlShammari TM, Bargouti M, Ozdemir M, Tombuloglu G, Akhtar S, Sabit H, Hakeem KR, Almessiere M, Ercan I, Baykal A. Uptake, translocation, and physiological effects of hematite (α-Fe 2O 3) nanoparticles in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115391. [PMID: 32823044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing concern with the environmental influences of nanomaterials due to recent developments in nanotechnology. This study investigates the impact and fate of hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 NPs) (∼14 nm in size) on a crop species, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). For this purpose, hematite NPs (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L) were hydroponically applied to barley at germination and seedling stages (three weeks). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) along with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques were used to track the NPs in plant tissues. The effects of NPs on the root cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. Results revealed that α-Fe2O3 NPs significantly reduced the germination rate (from 80% in control to 30% in 400 mg/L), as well as chlorophyll (36-39%) and carotenoid (37%) contents. Moreover, the treatment led to a significant decline in the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). Leaf VSM analysis indicated a change in magnetic signal for NPs-treated samples compared with untreated ones, which is mostly attributed to the iron (Fe) ions incorporated within the leaf tissue. Besides, Fe content in the roots and leaf had gradually increased by the increasing doses of NPs, which was confirming NPs' translocation to the aerial parts. Microscopic observations revealed that α-Fe2O3 NPs altered root cell morphology and led to the injury of cell membranes. This study, in the light of our findings, shows that α-Fe2O3 NPs (∼14 nm in size) are taken up by the roots of the barley plants, and migrate to the plant leaves. Besides, NPs are phytotoxic for barley as they inhibit germination and pigment biosynthesis. This inhibition is probably due to the injury of the cell membranes in the roots. Therefore, the use of hematite NPs in agriculture and thereby their environmental diffusion must be addressed carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yassine Slimani
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Marhoon AlShammari
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Bargouti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31451, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehmet Ozdemir
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31451, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guzin Tombuloglu
- Adnan Kahveci Mah., Mimar Sinan Cad., Mavisu Evl., 7/28, Beylikduzu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Sabit
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah Almessiere
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Ercan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi Baykal
- Department of Nanomedicine, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Tini F, Beccari G, Onofri A, Ciavatta E, Gardiner DM, Covarelli L. Fungicides may have differential efficacies towards the main causal agents of Fusarium head blight of wheat. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:3738-3748. [PMID: 32430980 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a complex disease of wheat and barley caused by several Fusarium species. In recent years, a variation in the composition of the FHB community has been observed in several wheat cultivation areas across the world. In detail, F. avenaceum and F. poae increased their frequencies, while, a lower F. graminearum and F. culmorum incidence was simultaneously observed. These shifts within the FHB complex might have been caused by different factors, including the selective pressure caused by fungicides used to control the disease in the field. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate, both in in vitro experiments and in field trials, the activity of commonly used fungicides of wheat (tebuconazole, metconazole, prothioconazole and prochloraz) towards the above mentioned four Fusarium species. RESULTS A preliminary in vitro assay revealed that low concentrations of all tested fungicides caused the incomplete reduction of fungal development. Furthermore, F. poae and F. avenaceum showed, at the same time, a lower sensitivity to all tested fungicides. In field trials, all fungicides showed an activity against the four Fusarium species. However, F. avenaceum exhibited a reduced sensitivity to metconazole. The lower efficacy of metconazole towards F. avenaceum was also confirmed by an additional in vitro experiment on several F. avenaceum and F. graminearum different strains. CONCLUSION The selective pressure exerted by the extensive use of certain fungicides may influence population dynamics of Fusarium species due to their different sensitivity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Onofri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emiliano Ciavatta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Bista DR, Heckathorn SA, Jayawardena DM, Boldt JK. Effect of drought and carbon dioxide on nutrient uptake and levels of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots of barley. Am J Bot 2020; 107:1401-1409. [PMID: 33021337 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration is increasing, as is the frequency and duration of drought in some regions. Elevated CO2 can decrease the effects of drought by further decreasing stomatal opening and, hence, water loss from leaves. Both elevated CO2 and drought typically decrease plant nutrient concentration, but their interactive effects on nutrient status and uptake are little studied. We investigated whether elevated CO2 helps negate the decrease in plant nutrient status during drought by upregulating nutrient-uptake proteins in roots. METHODS Barley (Hordeum vulgare) was subjected to current vs. elevated CO2 (400 or 700 ppm) and drought vs. well-watered conditions, after which we measured biomass, tissue nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations (%N and P), N- and P-uptake rates, and the concentration of the major N- and P-uptake proteins in roots. RESULTS Elevated CO2 decreased the impact of drought on biomass. In contrast, both drought and elevated CO2 decreased %N and %P in most cases, and their effects were additive for shoots. Root N- and P-uptake rates were strongly decreased by drought, but were not significantly affected by CO2 . Averaged across treatments, both drought and high CO2 resulted in upregulation of NRT1 (NO3- transporter) and AMT1 (NH4+ transporter) per unit total root protein, while only drought increased PHT1 (P transporter). CONCLUSIONS Elevated CO2 exacerbated decreases in %N and %P, and hence food quality, during drought, despite increases in the concentration of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots, indicating other limitations to nutrient uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh R Bista
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Scott A Heckathorn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | | | - Jennifer K Boldt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
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Kamran M, Ramesh SA, Gilliham M, Tyerman SD, Bose J. Role of TaALMT1 malate-GABA transporter in alkaline pH tolerance of wheat. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:2443-2459. [PMID: 32666573 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Malate exudation through wheat (Triticum aestivum L) aluminium-activated malate transporter 1 (TaALMT1) confers Al3+ tolerance at low pH, but is also activated by alkaline pH, and is regulated by and facilitates significant transport of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, a zwitterionic buffer). Therefore, TaALMT1 may facilitate acidification of an alkaline rhizosphere by promoting exudation of both malate and GABA. Here, the performance of wheat near isogenic lines ET8 (Al+3 -tolerant, high TaALMT1 expression) and ES8 (Al+3 -sensitive, low TaALMT1 expression) are compared. Root growth (at 5 weeks) was higher for ET8 than ES8 at pH 9. ET8 roots exuded more malate and GABA at high pH and acidified the rhizosphere more rapidly. GABA and malate exudation was enhanced at high pH by the addition of aluminate in both ET8 and transgenic barley expressing TaALMT1. Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing TaALMT1 acidified an alkaline media more rapidly than controls corresponding to higher GABA efflux. TaALMT1 expression did not change under alkaline conditions but key genes involved in GABA turnover changed in accordance with a high rate of GABA synthesis. We propose that TaALMT1 plays a role in alkaline tolerance by exuding malate and GABA, possibly coupled to proton efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sunita A Ramesh
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
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248
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Koenig KM, Chibisa GE, Penner GB, Beauchemin KA. Optimum roughage proportion in barley-based feedlot cattle diets: growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass traits. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa299. [PMID: 32936908 PMCID: PMC7603404 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High grain diets are fed to finishing beef cattle to maximize animal performance in a cost-effective manner. However, a small amount of roughage is incorporated in finishing diets to help prevent ruminal acidosis, although few studies have examined optimum roughage inclusion level in barley-based diets. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of roughage proportion in barley-based finishing diets on growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass traits of feedlot cattle. Crossbred beef steers (n = 160; mean body weight ± SD, 349.7 ± 21.4 kg) were allocated to 20 pens that were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments (five pens of eight steers per treatment). The treatment diets contained barley silage at 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% of dietary dry matter (DM). The remainder of the diets (DM basis) consisted of 80%, 76%, 72%, and 68% barley grain, respectively, 15% corn dried distiller's grains, 5% mineral and vitamin supplement, and 32 mg monensin/kg diet DM. The diets were fed as total mixed rations for ad libitum intake (minimum of 5% refusal) once per day. Cattle were weighed on 2 consecutive days at the start and end of the experiment and on 1 d every 3 wk throughout the experiment (124 d). Two pens for each treatment group were equipped with an electronic feeding system (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary, Alberta) to monitor feed intake and feeding behavior of individual cattle. The data for dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain:feed (G:F) ratio, and carcass traits were analyzed as a completely randomized design with fixed effect of barley silage proportion and pen replicate as experimental unit. Feeding behavior data were analyzed similarly, but with animal as experimental unit. Averaged over the study, DMI increased linearly (11.1, 11.3, 11.7, 11.8 kg/d; P = 0.001) as barley silage proportion increased from 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% of DM, but ADG was not affected (carcass-adjusted,1.90, 1.85, 1.87, 1.89 kg/d; P ≥ 0.30). Consequently, G:F ratio decreased linearly (carcass-adjusted, 168.9, 163.8, 158.5, 160.6 g/kg DMI; P = 0.023). When averaged over the study, proportion of barley silage in the diet had no linear or quadratic effects (P > 0.10) on meal frequency, duration of meals, intermeal duration, or meal size, but eating rate decreased linearly with increasing silage proportion (P = 0.008). There was no diet effect on liver abscesses (P ≥ 0.92), and effects on carcass characteristics were minor or nonexistent. We conclude that increasing the proportion of barley silage in a feedlot finishing diet at the expense of barley grain to minimize the incidence of ruminal acidosis may decrease feed conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Koenig
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Gwinyai E Chibisa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Dell'Aglio E. Barley RIPb Opens the Gates for Epidermal Fungal Penetration. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:556-557. [PMID: 33020319 PMCID: PMC7536702 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dell'Aglio
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Biczak R, Pawłowska B, Podsiadło C, Śnioszek M, Telesiński A. The reaction of cucumber to the introduction of ionic liquids into the soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:34182-34198. [PMID: 32557039 PMCID: PMC7423810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the influence of two bromides, tetrabutylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium, on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings. The tests were performed at two dates, i.e. 10 and 20 days, after the introduction of increasing amounts of ionic liquids (ILs) into the soil. The applied ILs showed phytotoxicity dependent mainly on the concentration of the substance, which is proved by the inhibition of the length of aboveground parts and their roots and the yield of cucumber fresh mass, from which EC50 values were calculated. The phytotoxicity symptoms were the result of oxidative stress, one of the manifestations of which was a decrease in assimilative pigments, linearly correlated with an increase in bromide concentration in the medium. The stress is also proven by the large increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and free proline in cucumber leaves. The reaction of this plant to oxidative stress was an increase in the activity of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase. As a result of statistical analysis, it was proved that all changes of biomarkers of phytotoxicity of examined ILs and oxidative stress indicators in cucumber seedlings depended more on the applied concentration of these salts than on the date of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Biczak
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawłowska
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Cezary Podsiadło
- The Faculty of Environmental, Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Martyna Śnioszek
- The Faculty of Environmental, Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- The Faculty of Environmental, Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
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