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Kang E, Yun B, Cha J, Suk HI, Shin EK. Neurodevelopmental imprints of sociomarkers in adolescent brain connectomes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20921. [PMID: 39251706 PMCID: PMC11385853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural consequences of social disparities are not yet rigorously investigated. How socioeconomic conditions influence children's connectome development remains unknown. This paper endeavors to gauge how precisely the connectome structure of the brain can predict an individual's social environment, thereby inversely assessing how social influences are engraved in the neural development of the Adolescent brain. Utilizing Adolescent Brain and Cognition Development (ABCD) data (9099 children residing in the United States), we found that social conditions both at the household and neighborhood levels are significantly associated with specific neural connections. Solely with brain connectome data, we train a linear support vector machine (SVM) to predict socio-economic conditions of those adolescents. The classification performance generally improves when the thresholds of the advantageous and disadvantageous environments compartmentalize the extreme cases. Among the tested thresholds, the 20th and 80th percentile thresholds using the dual combination of household income and neighborhood education yielded the highest Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC) of 0.8224. We identified 8 significant connections that critically contribute to predicting social environments in the parietal lobe and frontal lobe. Insights into social factors that contribute to early brain connectome development is critical to mitigate the disadvantages of children growing up in unfavorable neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsong Kang
- Department of Brain Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungyeon Yun
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung-Il Suk
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun Kyong Shin
- Department of Sociology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Vandecruys F, Vandermosten M, De Smedt B. The role of formal schooling in the development of children's reading and arithmetic white matter networks. Dev Sci 2024:e13557. [PMID: 39129483 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Children's white matter development is driven by experience, yet it remains poorly understood how it is shaped by attending formal education. A small number of studies compared children before and after the start of formal schooling to understand this, yet they do not allow to separate maturational effects from schooling-related effects. A clever way to (quasi-)experimentally address this issue is the longitudinal school cut-off design, which compares children who are similar in age but differ in schooling (because they are born right before or after the cut-off date for school entry). We used for the first time such a longitudinal school cut-off design to experimentally investigate the effect of schooling on children's white matter networks. We compared "young" first graders (schooling group, n = 34; Mage = 68 months; 20 girls) and "old" preschoolers (non-schooling group, n = 33; Mage = 66 months; 18 girls) that were similar in age but differed in the amount of formal instruction they received. Our study revealed that changes in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in five a priori selected white matter tracts during the transition from preschool to primary school were predominantly driven by age-related maturation. We did not find specific schooling effects on white matter, despite their strong presence for early reading and early arithmetic skills. The present study is the first to disentangle the effects of age-related maturation and schooling on white matter within a longitudinal cohort of 5-year-old preschoolers. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: White matter tracts that have been associated with reading and arithmetic may be susceptible to experience-dependent neuroplasticity when children learn to read and calculate. This longitudinal study used the school cut-off design to isolate schooling-induced from coinciding maturational influences on children's white matter development. White matter changes during the transition from preschool to primary school are predominantly driven by age-related maturation and not by schooling effects. Strong effects of schooling on behavior were shown for early reading and early arithmetic, but not for verbal ability and spatial ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Vandecruys
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maaike Vandermosten
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert De Smedt
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Carollo A, De Marzo S, Esposito G. Parental care and overprotection predict worry and anxiety symptoms in emerging adult students. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104398. [PMID: 39025031 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders represent a prevalent mental health concern, with escalating rates, especially among emerging adults. University students, in particular, face a myriad of academic and life stressors that can amplify feelings of worry and anxiety. While early parental bonding seem to predict anxiety disorders later in life, the applicability to emerging adult students and its applicability to predict sub-clinical and transdiagnostic anxiety features remain unclear. This study aims to examine i) the relationship between demographic variables and key features of anxiety disorders (i.e., worry and anxiety symptoms); and ii) the predictive association between early parental bonding and anxiety-related features. A sample of 370 university students in Italy (n = 279 females; M age = 20.84 years, SD age = 1.81 years) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Females reported higher levels of worry and anxiety compared to males. Significantly higher worry and anxiety symptoms were reported by individuals who experienced affectionless control (low care and high overprotection) as compared to those exposed to optimal parenting (high care and low overprotection). Predictive models indicated that scores of parental care (i.e., the principal component between maternal and paternal care scores) and parental overprotection (i.e., the principal component between maternal and paternal overprotection scores) are robust predictors of worry and anxiety symptoms. However, this relationship showed a gender-specific pattern: lower parental care was more significant in predicting anxiety features in males, while high overprotection was more significant in females. The findings contribute to the comprehension of the risk factors influencing the susceptibility of emerging adult students to anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Sonia De Marzo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
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4
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Vandecruys F, Vandermosten M, De Smedt B. The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus correlates with early precursors of mathematics and reading before the start of formal schooling. Cortex 2024; 174:149-163. [PMID: 38547813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging studies in preschoolers have almost exclusively been done in the field of reading. As a result, virtually nothing is known about white matter tracts associated with individual differences in mathematics at this age. Studying the preschoolers' brain is crucial because it allows us to identify individual differences in brain anatomy without influences of formal mathematics and reading instruction. To fill this gap, we investigated for the first time before the start of formal school entry the associations between white matter tracts and precursors of mathematics and reading simultaneously. We also investigated whether these associations were specific to mathematics and to reading, or not. We focused on four bilateral white matter tracts (arcuate fasciculus (direct, anterior), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus), which have been previously correlated with mathematical performance in older children and with reading performance in children of a similar age as the current study. Participants were 56 5-year-old children (Mage = 67 months; SD = 1.8), none of which received formal instruction. Our results showed an association between the bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and precursors of mathematics (numerical ordering, numeral knowledge) and reading (phonological awareness, letter knowledge). Follow-up regression analyses revealed that the associations found with the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus were neither specific to mathematics nor specific to reading. These findings suggest that, already before the start of formal schooling, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus might be related to the neural overlap between mathematics and reading. This overlap potentially reflects one of their many shared mechanisms, such as the reliance on phonological codes or the processing of visual symbols, and these mechanisms should be exploited in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Vandecruys
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maaike Vandermosten
- Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bert De Smedt
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Torgerson C, Ahmadi H, Choupan J, Fan CC, Blosnich JR, Herting MM. Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in early adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26671. [PMID: 38590252 PMCID: PMC11002534 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure, particularly in early adolescence. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have analyzed both sex and gender as variables of interest-many of which included small sample sizes and relied on binary definitions of gender. The current study examined gender diversity with a continuous felt-gender score and categorized sex based on X and Y allele frequency in a large sample of children ages 9-11 years old (N = 7195). Then, a statistical model-building approach was employed to determine whether gender diversity and sex independently or jointly relate to brain morphology, including subcortical volume, cortical thickness, gyrification, and white matter microstructure. Additional sensitivity analyses found that male versus female differences in gyrification and white matter were largely accounted for by total brain volume, rather than sex per se. The model with sex, but not gender diversity, was the best-fitting model in 60.1% of gray matter regions and 61.9% of white matter regions after adjusting for brain volume. The proportion of variance accounted for by sex was negligible to small in all cases. While models including felt-gender explained a greater amount of variance in a few regions, the felt-gender score alone was not a significant predictor on its own for any white or gray matter regions examined. Overall, these findings demonstrate that at ages 9-11 years old, sex accounts for a small proportion of variance in brain structure, while gender diversity is not directly associated with neurostructural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carinna Torgerson
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hedyeh Ahmadi
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeiran Choupan
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Population Neuroscience and GeneticsLaureate Institute for Brain ResearchTulsaOklahomaUSA
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John R. Blosnich
- Suzanne Dworak‐Peck School of Social WorkUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Piekarski DJ, Zahr NM, Zhao Q, Ferizi U, Pohl KM, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. White matter microstructural integrity continues to develop from adolescence to young adulthood in mice and humans: Same phenotype, different mechanism. NEUROIMAGE. REPORTS 2023; 3:100179. [PMID: 37916059 PMCID: PMC10619509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
As direct evaluation of a mouse model of human neurodevelopment, adolescent and young adult mice and humans underwent MR diffusion tensor imaging to quantify age-related differences in microstructural integrity of brain white matter fibers. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was greater in older than younger mice and humans. Despite the cross-species commonality, the underlying developmental mechanism differed: whereas evidence for greater axonal extension contributed to higher FA in older mice, evidence for continuing myelination contributed to higher FA in human adolescent development. These differences occurred in the context of species distinctions in overall brain growth: whereas the continued growth of the brain and skull in the murine model can accommodate volume expansion into adulthood, human white matter volume and myelination continue growth into adulthood within a fixed intracranial volume. Appreciation of the similarities and differences in developmental mechanism can enhance the utility of animal models of brain white matter structure, function, and response to exogenous manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Piekarski
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
| | - Natalie M. Zahr
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Uran Ferizi
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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7
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Torgerson C, Ahmadi H, Choupan J, Fan CC, Blosnich JR, Herting MM. Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in children ages 9 to 11 years old. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.551036. [PMID: 37546960 PMCID: PMC10402171 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.551036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure, particularly in childhood. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have analyzed both sex and gender as variables of interest - many of which included small sample sizes and relied on binary definitions of gender. The current study examined gender diversity with a continuous felt-gender score and categorized sex based on X and Y allele frequency in a large sample of children ages 9-11 years-old (N=7693). Then, a statistical model-building approach was employed to determine whether gender diversity and sex independently or jointly relate to brain morphology, including subcortical volume, cortical thickness, gyrification, and white matter microstructure. The model with sex, but not gender diversity, was the best-fitting model in 75% of gray matter regions and 79% of white matter regions examined. The addition of gender to the sex model explained significantly more variance than sex alone with regard to bilateral cerebellum volume, left precentral cortical thickness, as well as gyrification in the right superior frontal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and several regions in the left parietal lobe. For mean diffusivity in the left uncinate fasciculus, the model with sex, gender, and their interaction captured the most variance. Nonetheless, the magnitude of variance accounted for by sex was small in all cases and felt-gender score was not a significant predictor on its own for any white or gray matter regions examined. Overall, these findings demonstrate that at ages 9-11 years-old, sex accounts for a small proportion of variance in brain structure, while gender diversity is not directly associated with neurostructural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carinna Torgerson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hedyeh Ahmadi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeiran Choupan
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - John R. Blosnich
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord-Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040565. [PMID: 36830353 PMCID: PMC9951717 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has promising applications for the objective assessment of the microstructure of the spinal cord. This study aimed to verify the parameters obtained using DTI change during the growth process. We also wanted to identify if the DTI values change on the course of the spinal cord. The model organism was a healthy growing porcine spinal cord (19 pigs, Polish White, weight 24-120 kg, mean 48 kg, median 48 kg, age 2.5-11 months, mean 5 months, median 5.5 months). DTI parameters were measured in three weight groups: up to 29 kg (five pigs), 30-59 kg (six pigs), and from 60 kg up (eight pigs). DTI was performed with a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner (Philips, Ingenia). Image post-processing was done using the Fiber Track package (Philips Ingenia workstation) by manually drawing the regions of interest (nine ROIs). The measurements were recorded for three sections: the cervical, thoracolumbar and lumbar segments of the spinal cord at the C4/C5, Th13/L1, and L4/L5 vertebrae levels. In each case, one segment was measured cranially and one caudally from the above-mentioned places. The values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were obtained for each ROIs and compared. It is shown that there is a correlation between age, weight gain, and change in FA and ADC parameters. Moreover, it is noted that, with increasing weight and age, the FA parameter increases and ADC decreases, whereas the FA and ADC measurement values did not significantly change between the three sections of the spinal cord. These findings could be useful in determining the reference values for the undamaged spinal cords of animals and growing humans.
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Niu X, Taylor A, Shinohara RT, Kounios J, Zhang F. Multidimensional brain-age prediction reveals altered brain developmental trajectory in psychiatric disorders. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5036-5049. [PMID: 35094075 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-age prediction has emerged as a novel approach for studying brain development. However, brain regions change in different ways and at different rates. Unitary brain-age indices represent developmental status averaged across the whole brain and therefore do not capture the divergent developmental trajectories of various brain structures. This staggered developmental unfolding, determined by genetics and postnatal experience, is implicated in the progression of psychiatric and neurological disorders. We propose a multidimensional brain-age index (MBAI) that provides regional age predictions. Using a database of 556 individuals, we identified clusters of imaging features with distinct developmental trajectories and built machine learning models to obtain brain-age predictions from each of the clusters. Our results show that the MBAI provides a flexible analysis of region-specific brain-age changes that are invisible to unidimensional brain-age. Importantly, brain-ages computed from region-specific feature clusters contain complementary information and demonstrate differential ability to distinguish disorder groups (e.g., depression and oppositional defiant disorder) from healthy controls. In summary, we show that MBAI is sensitive to alterations in brain structures and captures distinct regional change patterns that may serve as biomarkers that contribute to our understanding of healthy and pathological brain development and the characterization and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Niu
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexei Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Kounios
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Niu Y, Sun J, Wang B, Yang Y, Wen X, Xiang J. Trajectories of brain entropy across lifetime estimated by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4359-4369. [PMID: 35615859 PMCID: PMC9435012 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a complex system of interconnected brain regions that form functional networks with differing roles in cognition and behavior. However, the trajectories of these functional networks across development are unclear and designing a metric to track the complex trajectory of these characteristics throughout the lifespan is challenging. Here, permutation entropy (PE) was used to examine age‐related variations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy subjects aged 6–85 from global, network, and nodal perspectives. The global PE followed an inverted U‐shaped trajectory that peaked at approximately age 40. The trajectory of the motor and somatosensory functional network was more consistent with a linear model and increased with age; other functional networks showed inverted U‐shaped trajectories that peaked between 25 and 52 years of age. All nodes showed inverted U‐shaped trajectories. Using cluster analysis, the peak ages of nodes were grouped into three clusters (at 24, 38, and 51 years). Overall, we characterized four aging trajectories: networks with a linear increase, early peak age, intermediate peak age, and older peak age. These findings suggest possible complexity in trajectories at critical age points regarding changes in related functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Niu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanli Yang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
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Aggarwal N, Williams LE, Tromp DPM, Pine DS, Kalin NH. A dynamic relation between whole-brain white matter microstructural integrity and anxiety symptoms in preadolescent females with pathological anxiety. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:57. [PMID: 35136030 PMCID: PMC8825837 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological anxiety typically emerges during preadolescence and has been linked to alterations in white matter (WM) pathways. Because myelination is critical for efficient neuronal communication, characterizing associations between WM microstructure and symptoms may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms associated with childhood pathological anxiety. This longitudinal study examined 182 girls enrolled between the ages of 9-11 that were treatment-naïve at study entry: healthy controls (n = 49), subthreshold-anxiety disorders (AD) (n = 82), or meeting DSM-5 criteria for generalized, social, and/or separation ADs (n = 51), as determined through structured clinical interview. Anxiety severity was assessed with the Clinical Global Impression Scale and Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Participants (n = 182) underwent clinical, behavioral, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessments at study entry, and those with pathological anxiety (subthreshold-AD and AD, n = 133) were followed longitudinally for up to 3 additional years. Cross-sectional ANCOVAs (182 scans) examining control, subthreshold-AD, and AD participants found no significant relations between anxiety and DTI measurements. However, in longitudinal analyses of girls with pathological anxiety (343 scans), linear mixed-effects models demonstrated that increases in anxiety symptoms (SCARED scores) were associated with reductions in whole-brain fractional anisotropy, independent of age (Std. β (95% CI) = -0.06 (-0.09 to -0.03), F(1, 46.24) = 11.90, P = 0.001). Using a longitudinal approach, this study identified a dynamic, within-participant relation between whole-brain WM microstructural integrity and anxiety in girls with pathological anxiety. Given the importance of WM microstructure in modulating neural communication, this finding suggests the possibility that WM development could be a viable target in the treatment of anxiety-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
| | - Lisa E. Williams
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Do P. M. Tromp
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Section on Developmental and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Ned H. Kalin
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719 USA
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The Effects of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use on Neurocognitive Function, Brain Structure, and Brain Function. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2021; 8:134-149. [PMID: 36908333 PMCID: PMC9997650 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-021-00243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Given increases in the rates of alcohol and cannabis co-use among adolescents and young adults, this review aims to summarize literature on the effects of alcohol and cannabis co-use on neurocognitive functioning, brain structure, and brain function. Recent findings The limited existing studies examining concurrent, recent, and lifetime alcohol and cannabis co-use suggest effects on the brain are likely multifaceted. The majority of studies report that co-use is associated with negative outcomes such as impaired cognitive function and significant alterations in key structural and functional regions of the brain, while others report null effects of co-use compared to non-substance using control and single-substance use groups. Summary Current studies lack a general consensus on methodology, definitions of concurrent and simultaneous use, and neuroimaging approaches, which makes it challenging to draw strong conclusions about the effects of co-use. More studies are needed to explore the effects of co-use in the context of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use.
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Jones SA, Kazakova N, Nagel BJ. Lifetime Alcohol Use Influences the Association Between Future-Oriented Thought and White Matter Microstructure in Adolescents. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:708-714. [PMID: 33517363 PMCID: PMC8557642 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Future orientation, or the ability to plan ahead and anticipate consequences, is a capacity that develops during adolescence, yet its underlying neurobiology is unknown. Previous independent reports suggest that reduced future orientation and altered white matter microstructure are associated with greater alcohol use in adolescents; however, these effects have not been studied in conjunction. This study investigated the association between future orientation and white matter microstructure as a function of lifetime alcohol use. METHODS Seventy-seven adolescents (46 female; 15-21 years of age) underwent diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and completed a fifteen-item Future Orientation Questionnaire. Regression analyses assessed the association between self-reported lifetime alcohol use and future orientation, and the association between future orientation and white matter microstructure, as a function of lifetime alcohol use. RESULTS Adolescents with more lifetime alcohol use demonstrated lower future orientation. Voxel-wise DWI analyses revealed two regions, bilateral posterior corona radiata (PCR), where greater future orientation was associated with lower mean diffusivity in those with little or no history of alcohol use; however, this association was diminished with increasing rates of lifetime alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS These findings replicate reports of reduced future orientation as a function of greater lifetime alcohol use and demonstrate an association between future orientation and white matter microstructure, in the PCR, a region containing afferent and efferent fibers connecting the cortex to the brain stem, which depends upon lifetime alcohol use. These findings provide novel information regarding the underlying neurobiology of future-oriented thought and how it relates to alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, MC: DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalia Kazakova
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, MC: DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, MC: DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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14
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Leenders AEM, Damatac CG, Soheili‐Nezhad S, Chauvin RJM, Mennes MJJ, Zwiers MP, van Rooij D, Akkermans SEA, Naaijen J, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Beckmann CF, Sprooten E. Associations between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom remission and white matter microstructure: A longitudinal analysis. JCPP ADVANCES 2021; 1:e12040. [PMID: 35434717 PMCID: PMC9012480 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with white matter (WM) microstructure. Our objective was to investigate how WM microstructure is longitudinally related to symptom remission in adolescents and young adults with ADHD. Methods We obtained diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data from 99 participants at two timepoints (mean age baseline: 16.91 years, mean age follow-up: 20.57 years). We used voxel-wise Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) with permutation-based inference to investigate associations of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptom change with fractional anisotropy (FA) at baseline, follow-up, and change between time-points. Results Remission of combined HI and IA symptoms was significantly associated with reduced FA at follow-up in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the left corticospinal tract (CST; P FWE = 0.038 and P FWE = 0.044, respectively), mainly driven by an association between HI remission and follow-up CST FA (P FWE = 0.049). There was no significant association of combined symptom decrease with FA at baseline or with changes in FA between the two assessments. Conclusions In this longitudinal DWI study of ADHD using dimensional symptom scores, we show that greater symptom decrease is associated with lower follow-up FA in specific WM tracts. Altered FA thus may appear to follow, rather than precede, changes in symptom remission. Our findings indicate divergent WM developmental trajectories between individuals with persistent and remittent ADHD, and support the role of prefrontal and sensorimotor tracts in the remission of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. M. Leenders
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Christienne G. Damatac
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Sourena Soheili‐Nezhad
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Roselyne J. M. Chauvin
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten J. J. Mennes
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Sophie E. A. Akkermans
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Christian F. Beckmann
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Centre for Functional MRI of the BrainUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol and cannabis are the most commonly used substances during adolescence and are typically initiated during this sensitive neurodevelopmental period. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent literature focused on understanding how these substances affect the developing brain. SEARCH METHODS Articles included in this review were identified by entering 30 search terms focused on substance use, adolescence, and neurodevelopment into MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Central, and Web of Science. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they longitudinally examined the effect of adolescent alcohol and/or cannabis use on structural or functional outcomes in 50 or more participants. SEARCH RESULTS More than 700 articles were captured by the search, and 43 longitudinal studies met inclusion criteria, including 18 studies focused on alcohol use, 13 on cannabis use, and 12 on alcohol and cannabis co-use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Existing studies suggest heavy alcohol and cannabis use during adolescence are related to small to moderate disruptions in brain structure and function, as well as neurocognitive impairment. The effects of alcohol use include widespread decreases in gray matter volume and cortical thickness across time; slowed white matter growth and poorer integrity; disrupted network efficiency; and poorer impulse and attentional control, learning, memory, visuospatial processing, and psychomotor speed. The severity of some effects is dependent on dose. Heavy to very heavy cannabis use is associated with decreased subcortical volume and increased frontoparietal cortical thickness, disrupted functional development, and decreased executive functioning and IQ compared to non-using controls. Overall, co-use findings suggest more pronounced effects related to alcohol use than to cannabis use. Several limitations exist in the literature. Sample sizes are relatively small and demographically homogenous, with significant heterogeneity in substance use patterns and methodologies across studies. More research is needed to clarify how substance dosing and interactions between substances, as well as sociodemographic and environmental factors, affect outcomes. Larger longitudinal studies, already underway, will help clarify the relationship between brain development and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jennifer Debenham
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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16
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Voldsbekk I, Barth C, Maximov II, Kaufmann T, Beck D, Richard G, Moberget T, Westlye LT, de Lange AG. A history of previous childbirths is linked to women's white matter brain age in midlife and older age. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4372-4386. [PMID: 34118094 PMCID: PMC8356991 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal brain adaptations occur in response to pregnancy, but little is known about how parity impacts white matter and white matter ageing trajectories later in life. Utilising global and regional brain age prediction based on multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging data, we investigated the association between previous childbirths and white matter brain age in 8,895 women in the UK Biobank cohort (age range = 54-81 years). The results showed that number of previous childbirths was negatively associated with white matter brain age, potentially indicating a protective effect of parity on white matter later in life. Both global white matter and grey matter brain age estimates showed unique contributions to the association with previous childbirths, suggesting partly independent processes. Corpus callosum contributed uniquely to the global white matter association with previous childbirths, and showed a stronger relationship relative to several other tracts. While our findings demonstrate a link between reproductive history and brain white matter characteristics later in life, longitudinal studies are required to establish causality and determine how parity may influence women's white matter trajectories across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Voldsbekk
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
| | - Claudia Barth
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ivan I. Maximov
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Dani Beck
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HTOsloNorway
| | - Genevieve Richard
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ann‐Marie G. de Lange
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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17
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Jacków-Nowicka J, Podgórski P, Bladowska J, Szcześniak D, Rymaszewska J, Zatońska K, Połtyn-Zaradna K, Szuba A, Sa Siadek M, Zimny A. The Impact of Common Epidemiological Factors on Gray and White Matter Volumes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Is Prevention of Brain Degeneration Possible? Front Neurol 2021; 12:633619. [PMID: 34326804 PMCID: PMC8315783 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.633619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of multiple risk factors (age, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BMI, smoking, alcohol) on the gray and white matter volumes as well as on the burden of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 554 subjects (age range: 50–69 yrs, F/M: 367/187) recruited from the larger cohort of the Polish fraction of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study. The participants answered questionnaires about their lifestyle, underwent physical and psychological examination (MoCA test), laboratory blood tests followed by brain MRI. Volumetric measurements of the total gray matter (GMvol), total white matter (WMvol) and WHM (WMHvol) normalized to the total intracranial volume were performed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12 (CAT12) and Statistical Parametric Maps 12 (SPM12) based on 3D T1-weighted sequence. The influence of risk factors was assessed using multiple regression analysis before and after correction for multiple comparisons. Results: Older age was associated with lower GMvol and WMvol, and higher WMHvol (p < 0.001). Smaller GMvol volume was associated with higher WMHvol (p < 0.001). Higher WMHvol was associated with hypertension (p = 0.01) and less significantly with hyperlipidemia (only before correction p = 0.03). Diabetes, abnormal BMI, smoking and alcohol intake did not have any significant impact on GMvol, WMvol or WMHvol (p > 0.05). MoCA score was not influenced by any of the factors. Conclusions: Gray matter loss is strongly associated with the accumulation of WMH which seems to be potentially preventable by maintaining normal blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Jacków-Nowicka
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Podgórski
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Bladowska
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Zatońska
- Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Sa Siadek
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Zimny
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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18
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Exploring the Relationship between Gray and White Matter in Healthy Adults: A Hybrid Research of Cortical Reconstruction and Tractography. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6628506. [PMID: 33778072 PMCID: PMC7979294 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) are structurally and functionally related in the human brain. Among the numerous neuroimaging studies, yet only a few have investigated these two structures in the same sample. So, there is limited and inconsistent information about how they are correlated in the brain of healthy adults. In this study, we combined cortical reconstruction with diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) tractography to investigate the relationship between cortical morphology and microstructural properties of major WM tracts in 163 healthy young adults. The results showed that cortical thickness (CTh) was positively correlated with the coherent tract-wise fractional anisotropy (FA) value, and the correlation was stronger in the dorsal areas than in the ventral areas. For other diffusion parameters, CTh was positively correlated with axial diffusivity (AD) of coherent fibers in the frontal areas and negatively correlated with radial diffusivity (RD) of coherent fibers in the dorsal areas. These findings suggest that the correlation between GM and WM is inhomogeneity and could be interpreted with different mechanisms in different brain regions. We hope our research could provide new insights into the studies of diseases in which the GM and WM are both affected.
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19
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Aggarwal N, Moody JF, Dean DC, Tromp DPM, Kecskemeti SR, Oler JA, Alexander AL, Kalin NH. Spatiotemporal dynamics of nonhuman primate white matter development during the first year of life. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117825. [PMID: 33549752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) development early in life is a critical component of brain development that facilitates the coordinated function of neuronal pathways. Additionally, alterations in WM have been implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders, including psychiatric disorders. Because of the need to understand WM development in the weeks immediately following birth, we characterized changes in WM microstructure throughout the postnatal macaque brain during the first year of life. This is a period in primates during which genetic, developmental, and environmental factors may have long-lasting impacts on WM microstructure. Studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs) are particularly valuable as a model for understanding human brain development because of their evolutionary relatedness to humans. Here, 34 rhesus monkeys (23 females, 11 males) were imaged longitudinally at 3, 7, 13, 25, and 53 weeks of age with T1-weighted (MPnRAGE) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). With linear mixed-effects (LME) modeling, we demonstrated robust logarithmic growth in FA, MD, and RD trajectories extracted from 18 WM tracts across the brain. Estimated rate of change curves for FA, MD, and RD exhibited an initial 10-week period of exceedingly rapid WM development, followed by a precipitous decline in growth rates. K-means clustering of raw DTI trajectories and rank ordering of LME model parameters revealed distinct posterior-to-anterior and medial-to-lateral gradients in WM maturation. Finally, we found that individual differences in WM microstructure assessed at 3 weeks of age were significantly related to those at 1 year of age. This study provides a quantitative characterization of very early WM growth in NHPs and lays the foundation for future work focused on the impact of alterations in early WM developmental trajectories in relation to human psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States.
| | - Jason F Moody
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, United States; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Do P M Tromp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Steve R Kecskemeti
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jonathan A Oler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Andy L Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
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20
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Shafer AT, Benoit JR, Brown MRG, Greenshaw AJ, Van Vliet KJ, Vohra S, Dolcos F, Singhal A. Differences in attentional control and white matter microstructure in adolescents with attentional, affective, and behavioral disorders. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:599-614. [PMID: 31838614 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical time of physiological, cognitive, and social development. It is also a time of increased risk-taking and vulnerability for psychopathology. White matter (WM) changes during adolescence have been better elucidated in the last decade, but how WM is impacted by psychopathology during this time remains unclear. Here, we examined the link between WM microstructure and psychopathology during adolescence. Twenty youth diagnosed with affective, attentional, and behavioral disorders (clinical sample), and 20 age-matched controls were recruited to examine group differences in WM microstructure, attentional control, and the link between them. The main results showed that clinical sample had relatively lower attentional control and fractional anisotropy (FA) in WM throughout the brain: two association tracts were identified, and many differences were found in areas rich in callosal and projection fibers. Moreover, increased FA was positively associated with attention performance in the clinical sample in structures supporting ventral WM pathways, whereas a similar link was identified in controls in dorsal WM association fibers. Overall, these results support a model of general impairment in WM microstructure combined with reliance on altered, perhaps less efficient, pathways for attentional control in youth with affective, attentional, and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Shafer
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - James R Benoit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew R G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andy J Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K Jessica Van Vliet
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sunita Vohra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Psychology Department and Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Anthony Singhal
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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21
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Cullen KR, Brown R, Schreiner MW, Eberly LE, Klimes-Dougan B, Reigstad K, Hill D, Lim KO, Mueller BA. White matter microstructure relates to lassitude but not diagnosis in adolescents with depression. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:1507-1520. [PMID: 30887416 PMCID: PMC6752996 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiology of adolescent depression remains poorly understood. Initial studies suggested impaired white matter microstructure in adults and adolescents, but findings have not been consistent. Challenges in this literature have included small samples, medication confounds and inconsistent correction for type I error. This study addressed these issues in a new examination of fractional anisotropy (FA) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) using diffusion tensor imaging. We examined FA in 81 adolescents aged 12-19 (44 MDD [all unmedicated], 37 controls). We conducted logistic regression analyses to examine the odds of MDD versus control based on FA within standard white matter tracts that were delineated by probabilistic tractography. We also examined relationships between FA and disease severity (overall depression and dimensions of illness). Finally, we conducted a voxel-wise group comparison of FA. All analyses covaried for age, sex and socioeconomic status, and applied rigorous corrections for multiple testing. Logistic regression did not reveal significant associations between diagnosis and FA within white matter tracts defined by probabilistic tractography. Dimensional analyses revealed that greater lassitude was associated with higher FA in right cingulum bundle and bilateral corticospinal tracts, but with lower FA in right anterior thalamic radiation. Voxel-wise group comparisons of FA did not reveal significant group differences. The current findings do not support low FA as a neurobiological marker of adolescent depression. Dimensional results suggest that FA relates to lassitude but not overall depression. Given the clinical and neurobiological heterogeneity of depression, future work utilizing dimensional approaches may help elucidate the role of white matter microstructure in adolescent depression neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Roland Brown
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Lynn E Eberly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Kristina Reigstad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Dawson Hill
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
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22
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Uy JP, Galván A. Individual differences in accumbofrontal tract integrity relate to risky decisions under stress in adolescents and adults. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100859. [PMID: 32920280 PMCID: PMC7494464 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress increases risky decision-making (DM). It is widely accepted that individual variation in neural phenotypes underlie variability in this behavioral tendency in adults, but is less examined in adolescents. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that the relation between neural phenotypes and stress-related risky DM is better characterized by individual variation than by age. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to characterize the accumbofrontal tract, we determined if it uniquely moderated how stress affects risky DM, over and above age. A daily diary design monitored participants’ daily stress for two weeks. Participants completed a DTI scan and performed a task in which decisions varied by expected value, once each on a day when they endorsed feeling higher (and lower) than usual levels of stress. Multilevel logistic regression analyses revealed that all participants were more likely to take risks as expected reward value increased; this behavior was greater under high versus low stress for individuals with low accumbofrontal tract integrity, whereas DM was less influenced by stress for individuals with high accumbofrontal tract integrity, regardless of age. Results suggest that individual differences in brain structure may be more germane to characterizing risky decisions in adolescents, rather than ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Uy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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23
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Barth C, Lonning V, Gurholt TP, Andreassen OA, Myhre AM, Agartz I. Exploring white matter microstructure and the impact of antipsychotics in adolescent-onset psychosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233684. [PMID: 32470000 PMCID: PMC7259775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter abnormalities are well-established in adult patients with psychosis. Less is known about abnormalities in the rarely occurring adolescent early onset psychosis (EOP). In particular, whether antipsychotic medication might impact white matter microstructure is not known. Using 3T diffusion weighted imaging, we investigated differences in white matter microstructure and the impact of antipsychotic medication status in medicated (n = 11) and unmedicated (n = 11) EOP patients relative to healthy controls (n = 33), aged between 12–18 years. Using Tract-based Spatial Statistics, we calculate case-control differences in scalar diffusion measures, i.e. fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD) and radial diffusion (RD), and investigated their association with antipsychotic medication in patients. We found significantly lower FA in the left genu of the corpus callosum, the left anterior corona radiata (ACR) and the right superior longitudinal fasciculus in EOP patients relative to healthy controls. AD values were also lower in the left ACR, largely overlapping with the FA findings. Mean FA in the left ACR was significantly associated with antipsychotic medication status (Cohen's d = 1.37, 95% CI [0.01, 2.68], p = 0.008), showing higher FA values in medicated compared to unmedicated EOP patients. The present study is the first to link antipsychotic medication status to altered regional FA in the left ACR, a region hypothesized to contribute to the etiology of psychosis. Replications are warranted to draw firm conclusions about putatively enhancing effects of antipsychotic medication on white matter microstructure in adolescent-onset psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barth
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Vera Lonning
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril Pedersen Gurholt
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne M. Myhre
- Child & Adolescent Mental Health Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Kangiser MM, Thomas AM, Kaiver CM, Lisdahl KM. Nicotine Effects on White Matter Microstructure in Young Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:10-21. [PMID: 31009035 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotine use is widely prevalent among youth, and is associated with white matter microstructural changes as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In adults, nicotine use is generally associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA), but in adolescents/young adults (≤30 years), microstructure appears healthier, indicated by higher FA. This cross-sectional study examined associations between nicotine use and white matter microstructure using fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in young adults. METHODS Fifty-three participants (18 nicotine users [10 female]/35 controls [17 female]) ages 18-25 underwent MRI scan, neuropsychological battery, toxicology screening, and drug use interview. Nicotine group associations with FA and MD were examined in various white matter tracts. In significant tracts, AD and RD were measured. Exploratory correlations were conducted between significant tracts and verbal memory and sustained attention/working memory performance. RESULTS Nicotine users exhibited significantly lower FA than controls in the left anterior thalamic radiation, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left superior longitudinal fasciculus-temporal, and left uncinate fasciculus. In these tracts, AD and RD did not differ, nor did MD differ in any tract. White matter quality was positively correlated with sustained attention/working memory performance. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking may disrupt white matter microstructure. These results are consistent with adult studies, but inconsistent with adolescent/young adult studies, likely due to methodological and sample age differences. Further studies should examine longitudinal effects of nicotine use on white matter microstructure in a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Kangiser
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alicia M Thomas
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christine M Kaiver
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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25
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Jung M, Takiguchi S, Hamamura S, Mizuno Y, Kosaka H, Tomoda A. Thalamic Volume Is Related to Increased Anterior Thalamic Radiations in Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4238-4245. [PMID: 32147718 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is associated with childhood maltreatment and affects approximately 1% of the general population. Recent data suggest that childhood maltreatment is associated with brain alterations in white and gray matter. However, the neural mechanisms of RAD-related brain alterations remain unknown. Herein, we evaluated the white matter pathways and gray matter volumes in 31 and 41 age-matched children with RAD and typical development (TD), respectively, by analyzing T1- and diffusion-weighted images. An increased fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity in the anterior thalamic radiations (ATR) and an increased volume in the bilateral pallidum and right thalamus were observed in children with RAD compared with those with TD. Moreover, the volume of the thalamus was associated with increased ATR FA in children with RAD. Our study confirmed the existence of atypical neurodevelopment processes in the thalamus, pallidum, and ATR in children with RAD and highlighted an interdependent relationship between the alterations in the thalamus and ATR. These findings may help to improve our understanding of the comprehensive neural mechanisms of RAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takiguchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shoko Hamamura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Mizuno
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hirotaka Kosaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Akemi Tomoda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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26
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Fabri M, Fortuna S. Maria Montessori and Neuroscience: The Trailblazing Insights of an Exceptional Mind. Neuroscientist 2020; 26:394-401. [PMID: 32111132 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420902677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This comment presents Maria Montessori (1870-1952) and highlights that her child-centered method of education is based on brilliant intuitions, which were confirmed by neuroscience research many decades later, such as the distinction of three critical periods in children's psychobiological development; the importance of the environment in supporting cerebral development and in promoting learning, as well as of affective stimulation in psychological growth and maturation; the specific neural structure of humans that specifically enables the acquisition of a language; the vital role of fine object manipulation in neuropsychological development, and of the physical exercise in brain and nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fabri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Fortuna
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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27
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A Multidimensional Neural Maturation Index Reveals Reproducible Developmental Patterns in Children and Adolescents. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1265-1275. [PMID: 31896669 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2092-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of extensive neural restructuring, leaving one susceptible to atypical development. Although neural maturation in humans can be measured using functional and structural MRI, the subtle patterns associated with the initial stages of abnormal change may be difficult to identify, particularly at an individual level. Brain age prediction models may have utility in assessing brain development in an individualized manner, as deviations between chronological age and predicted brain age could reflect one's divergence from typical development. Here, we built a support vector regression model to summarize high-dimensional neuroimaging as an index of brain age in both sexes. Using structural and functional MRI data from two large pediatric datasets and a third clinical dataset, we produced and validated a two-dimensional neural maturation index (NMI) that characterizes typical brain maturation patterns and identifies those who deviate from this trajectory. Examination of brain signatures associated with NMI scores revealed that elevated scores were related to significantly lower gray matter volume and significantly higher white matter volume, particularly in high-order regions such as the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, those with higher NMI scores exhibited enhanced connectivity in several functional brain networks, including the default mode network. Analysis of data from a sample of male and female patients with schizophrenia revealed an association between advanced NMI scores and schizophrenia diagnosis in participants aged 16-22, confirming the NMI's utility as a marker of atypicality. Altogether, our findings support the NMI as an individualized, interpretable measure by which neural development in adolescence may be assessed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The substantial neural restructuring that occurs during adolescence increases one's vulnerability to aberration. A brain index that is capable of capturing one's conformance with typical development will allow for individualized assessment and enhance our understanding of typical and atypical development. In this analysis, we produce a neural maturation index (NMI) using support vector regression and a large pediatric sample. This index generalizes across multiple cohorts and shows potential in the identification of clinical groups. We also implement a novel method for examining the developmental trajectory through data-driven analysis. The signatures identified by the NMI reflect key stages of the extensive neural development that occurs during adolescence and support its utility as a metric of typical brain development.
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28
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Blest-Hopley G, Colizzi M, Giampietro V, Bhattacharyya S. Is the Adolescent Brain at Greater Vulnerability to the Effects of Cannabis? A Narrative Review of the Evidence. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:859. [PMID: 33005157 PMCID: PMC7479242 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use during the critical neurodevelopmental period of adolescence, may lead to brain structural, functional, and histological alterations that may underpin some of the longer-term behavioral and psychological harms associated with it. The endocannabinoid system performs a key regulatory and homeostatic role, that undergoes developmental changes during adolescence making it potentially more susceptible to the effects of exposure to cannabis during adolescence. Here, we synthesize evidence from human studies of adolescent cannabis users showing alterations in cognitive performance as well as in brain structure and function with relevant preclinical evidence to summarize the current state of knowledge. We also focus on the limited evidence that speaks to the hypothesis that cannabis use during adolescence, may pose a greater risk than use during adulthood, identify gaps in current evidence and suggest directions for new research. Existing literature is consistent with the association of cannabis use during adolescence and neurological changes. Adolescence cannabis users show altered functional connectivity within known functional circuits, that may underlie inefficient recruitment of brain regions, as largely increased functional activation has been observed compared to controls. This disruption in some cases may contribute to the development of adverse mental health conditions; increasing the chances or accelerating the onset, of their development. Preclinical evidence, further supports disruption from cannabis use being specific to the developmental period. Future studies are required to better investigate adolescent cannabis use with more accuracy using better defined groups or longitudinal studies and examine the permanency of these changes following caseation of use. Furthermore, research is required to identify heritable risk factors to cannabis use. There is a need for caution when considering the therapeutic potential of cannabis for adolescence and particularly in public discourse leading to potential trivialization of possible harm from cannabis use in adolescence. Current evidence indicates that adolescence is a sensitive period during which cannabis use may result in adverse neurocognitive effects that appear to show a level of permanency into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Blest-Hopley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Colizzi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.,Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterised by impaired social communication and restricted repetitive behaviours. Researchers posit that these core features may be underpinned by disrupted structural connectivity. A tract based spatial statistical analysis of diffusion MRI data was performed to investigate white matter organisation (an indication of structural connectivity) in a well-defined cohort of 45 ASD and 45 age and IQ matched control participants. Aberrant structural connectivity characterised by reduced fractional anisotropy was observed in several fiber pathways in ASD relative to controls. Disrupted white matter organisation was associated with social deficits and restricted repetitive behaviours in ASD. Abnormal structural connectivity is apparent in ASD and may be linked to the core behavioural features of the disorder.
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30
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Reynolds JE, Grohs MN, Dewey D, Lebel C. Global and regional white matter development in early childhood. Neuroimage 2019; 196:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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31
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Tomyshev AS, Lebedeva IS, Akhadov TA, Omelchenko MA, Rumyantsev AO, Kaleda VG. Alterations in white matter microstructure and cortical thickness in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis: A multimodal tractography and surface-based morphometry study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 289:26-36. [PMID: 31132567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of white matter (WM) and grey matter pathology in subjects at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR), although a limited number of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and surface-based morphometry (SBM) studies have revealed anatomically inconsistent results. The present multimodal study applies tractography and SBM to analyze WM microstructure, whole-brain cortical anatomy, and potential interconnections between WM and grey matter abnormalities in UHR subjects. Thirty young male UHR patients and 30 healthy controls underwent DW-MRI and T1-weighted MRI. Fractional anisotropy; mean, radial, and axial diffusivity in 18 WM tracts; and vertex-based cortical thickness, area, and volume were analyzed. We found increased radial diffusivity in the left anterior thalamic radiation and reduced bilateral thickness across the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. No correlations between WM and grey matter abnormalities were identified. These results provide further evidence that WM microstructure abnormalities and cortical anatomical changes occur in the UHR state. Disruption of structural connectivity in the prefrontal-subcortical circuitry, likely caused by myelin pathology, and cortical thickness reduction affecting the networks presumably involved in processing and coordination of external and internal information streams may underlie the widespread deficits in neurocognitive and social functioning that are consistently reported in UHR subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Tomyshev
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, 34 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina S Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, 34 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tolibdzhon A Akhadov
- Department of Radiology, Children's Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Omelchenko
- Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey O Rumyantsev
- Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy G Kaleda
- Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Morriss J, Christakou A, van Reekum CM. Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7748. [PMID: 31123292 PMCID: PMC6533253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research in rodents and humans points to an evolutionarily conserved profile of blunted threat extinction learning during adolescence, underpinned by brain structures such as the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In this study, we examine age-related effects on the function and structural connectivity of this system in threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood. Younger age was associated with greater amygdala activity and later engagement of the mPFC to learned threat cues as compared to safety cues. Furthermore, greater structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus, a white matter tract that connects the amygdala and mPFC, mediated the relationship between age and mPFC engagement during extinction learning. These findings suggest that age-related changes in the structure and function of amygdala-mPFC circuitry may underlie the protracted maturation of threat regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Morriss
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Carien M van Reekum
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading, Reading, UK
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33
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Kangiser MM, Lochner AM, Thomas AM, Lisdahl KM. Gender Moderates Chronic Nicotine Cigarette Effects on Verbal Memory in Young Adults. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1812-1824. [PMID: 31094617 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1613432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Rates of nicotine use remain a prominent public health concern, especially among young adults. Previous findings have demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine during adolescence may be linked to various neurocognitive deficits. Nicotine differentially affects the brain by gender. Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of gender and chronic nicotine use on cognition in the developing brain. Methods: From 2008 to 2011, 57 young adult (ages 18-25) participants were recruited as part of a larger cross-sectional neuroimaging study and divided into 21 nicotine users (12 female) and 36 non-using controls (17 female). Participants completed various questionnaires, drug use interview, neuropsychological battery, and MRI scan in a university setting. A series of multiple regressions was conducted with nicotine group and gender*nicotine group interaction as predictors. Results: After controlling for gender, nicotine group status alone was not associated with neuropsychological performance. A gender x nicotine interaction was significantly associated with performance on trial 1, short delay free recall, and long delay free recall of the CVLT-II. Female smokers demonstrated better performance on trial 1 and short and long delay free recall than female controls. Male smokers performed more poorly than male controls on short and long delay free recall. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that cognitive effects of chronic nicotine use are moderated by gender. Further research is needed to determine causality, and identify underlying brain structures and function that may be responsible for differences in verbal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Kangiser
- a Department of Psychology , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Angelina M Lochner
- a Department of Psychology , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Alicia M Thomas
- a Department of Psychology , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- a Department of Psychology , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , WI , USA
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34
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Lebel C, Treit S, Beaulieu C. A review of diffusion MRI of typical white matter development from early childhood to young adulthood. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e3778. [PMID: 28886240 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding typical, healthy brain development provides a baseline from which to detect and characterize brain anomalies associated with various neurological or psychiatric disorders and diseases. Diffusion MRI is well suited to study white matter development, as it can virtually extract individual tracts and yield parameters that may reflect alterations in the underlying neural micro-structure (e.g. myelination, axon density, fiber coherence), though it is limited by its lack of specificity and other methodological concerns. This review summarizes the last decade of diffusion imaging studies of healthy white matter development spanning childhood to early adulthood (4-35 years). Conclusions about anatomical location, rates, and timing of white matter development with age are discussed, as well as the influence of image acquisition, analysis, age range/sample size, and statistical model. Despite methodological variability between studies, some consistent findings have emerged from the literature. Specifically, diffusion studies of neurodevelopment overwhelmingly demonstrate regionally varying increases of fractional anisotropy and decreases of mean diffusivity during childhood and adolescence, some of which continue into adulthood. While most studies use linear fits to model age-related changes, studies with sufficient sample sizes and age range provide clear evidence that white matter development (as indicated by diffusion) is non-linear. Several studies further suggest that maturation in association tracts with frontal-temporal connections continues later than commissural and projection tracts. The emerging contributions of more advanced diffusion methods are also discussed, as they may reveal new aspects of white matter development. Although non-specific, diffusion changes may reflect increases of myelination, axonal packing, and/or coherence with age that may be associated with changes in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Treit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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35
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Developmental trajectory of the prefrontal cortex: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1197-1210. [PMID: 28913594 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in gray and white matter volumes in addition to the fibers' reorganization and refinement of synaptic connectivity apparently happen in a particular temporo-spatial sequence during the dynamic and prolonged process of cerebral maturation. These developmental events are associated with regional modifications of brain tissues and neural circuits, contributing to networks' specialization and enhanced cognitive processing. According to several studies, improvements in cognitive processes are possibly myelin-dependent and associated to white matter maturation. Of particular interest is the developmental pattern of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), more specifically the PFC white matter, due to its role in high-level executive processes such as attention, working memory and inhibitory control. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed and Embase databases to analyze the development of PFC white matter using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), a widely used non-invasive technique to assess white matter maturation. Both the research and reporting of results were based on Cochrane's recommendations and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Information extracted from 27 published studies revealed an increased myelination, organization and integrity of frontal white matter with age, as revealed by DTI indexes (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity [MD], radial diffusivity [RD] and axial diffusivity [AD]). These patterns highlight the extended developmental course of the frontal structural connectivity, which parallels the improvements in higher-level cognitive functions observed between adolescence and early adulthood.
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36
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Cubon VA, Murugavel M, Holmes KW, Dettwiler A. Preliminary evidence from a prospective DTI study suggests a posterior-to-anterior pattern of recovery in college athletes with sports-related concussion. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01165. [PMID: 30566282 PMCID: PMC6305925 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the integrity of white matter (WM) microstructure to the course of recovery in athletes who sustained one sports-related concussion (SRC), assessing individual longitudinal changes in WM fiber tracts following SRC using pre- and post-injury measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Baseline diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and neuropsychological tests were collected on 53 varsity contact-sport college athletes. Participants (n = 13) who subsequently sustained an SRC underwent DTI scans and neuropsychological testing at 2 days, 2 weeks, and 2 months following injury. RESULTS Relying on tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses, we found that radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) were significantly increased at 2 days post-injury compared to the same-subject baseline (corrected p < 0.02). These alterations were visible in anterior/posterior WM regions spanning both hemispheres, demonstrating a diffuse pattern of injury after concussion. Implicated WM fiber tracts at 2 days include the following: right superior/inferior longitudinal fasciculus; right/left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus; right corticospinal tract; right acoustic radiation; right/left anterior thalamic radiations; right/left uncinate fasciculus; and forceps major/minor. At 2 weeks post-injury, persistently elevated RD and MD were observed solely in prefrontal portions of WM fiber tracts (using same-subject contrasts). No significant differences were found for FA in any of the post-injury comparisons to baseline. Plots of individual subject RD and MD in prefrontal WM demonstrated homogenous increases from baseline to just after SRC; thereafter, trajectories became more variable. Most subjects' diffusivity values remained elevated at 2 months post-injury relative to their own baseline. Over the 2-month period after SRC, recovery of WM fiber tracts appeared to follow a posterior-to-anterior trend, paralleling the posterior-anterior pattern of WM maturation previously identified in the normal population. CONCLUSION These results suggest greater vulnerability of prefrontal regions to SRC, underline the importance of an individualized approach to concussion management, and show promise for using RD and MD for imaging-based diagnosis of SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Cubon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University at Trumbull, Warren, Ohio
| | - Murali Murugavel
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Katharine W Holmes
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Annegret Dettwiler
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
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Lebel C, Deoni S. The development of brain white matter microstructure. Neuroimage 2018; 182:207-218. [PMID: 29305910 PMCID: PMC6030512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence, our brains undergo remarkable changes. Processes including myelination and synaptogenesis occur rapidly across the first 2-3 years of life, and ongoing brain remodeling continues into young adulthood. Studies have sought to characterize the patterns of structural brain development, and early studies predominately relied upon gross anatomical measures of brain structure, morphology, and organization. MRI offers the ability to characterize and quantify a range of microstructural aspects of brain tissue that may be more closely related to fundamental neurodevelopmental processes. Techniques such as diffusion, magnetization transfer, relaxometry, and myelin water imaging provide insight into changing cyto- and myeloarchitecture, neuronal density, and structural connectivity. In this review, we focus on the growing body of literature exploiting these MRI techniques to better understand the microstructural changes that occur in brain white matter during maturation. Our review focuses on studies of normative brain development from birth to early adulthood (∼25 years), and places particular emphasis on longitudinal studies and newer techniques that are being used to study microstructural white matter development. All imaging methods demonstrate consistent, rapid microstructural white matter development over the first 3 years of life, suggesting increased myelination and axonal packing. Diffusion studies clearly demonstrate continued white matter maturation during later childhood and adolescence, though the lack of consistent findings in other modalities suggests changes may be mainly due to axonal packing. An emerging literature details differential microstructural development in boys and girls, and connects developmental trajectories to cognitive abilities, behaviour, and/or environmental factors, though the nature of these relationships remains unclear. Future research will need to focus on newer imaging techniques and longitudinal studies to provide more detailed information about microstructural white matter development, particularly in the childhood years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Sean Deoni
- School of Engineering, Providence, RI, United States; Advanced Baby Imaging Lab at Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, United States
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DeCator DD, Carter JS. JPP Student Journal Club Commentary: Adolescent Condom Use and Connectivity in the Social–Planful Brain. J Pediatr Psychol 2018; 43:831-833. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lu M, Yang C, Chu T, Wu S. Cerebral White Matter Changes in Young Healthy Individuals With High Trait Anxiety: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study. Front Neurol 2018; 9:704. [PMID: 30197621 PMCID: PMC6117387 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormalities in prespecified and empirical white matter tracts in young patients with anxiety-related disorders have been reported in some diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies. However, with few literatures examining the association between the integrity of whole brain white matter and trait anxiety levels in the non-clinical populations, whether white matter changes arise in young healthy individuals with high trait anxiety remains unknown. Methods: We examined whole brain white matter alterations in young healthy individuals with high anxiety but without history of neurological or psychiatric disorders via DTI technology. Group comparison of tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was performed to investigate the microstructural diffusion alterations in 38 high anxious subjects in comparison with 34 low anxious subjects matched with age, gender, and degree of education. These analyses controlled for depression to establish specificity to trait anxiety. Results: Young healthy subjects with high trait anxiety had significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) values in multiple clusters, including corona radiate (CR), anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), bilaterally, body, genu, and splenium of corpus callosum (CC) and forceps minor, compared with low trait anxious subjects. For the abnormal FA regions, the other diffusion metrics were also altered slightly. Conclusions: Non-clinical individuals with high anxiety already have white matter alterations in the thalamus-cortical circuit and some emotion-related areas that were widely reported in anxiety-related disorders. The altered white matter may be a vulnerability marker in individuals at high risk of clinical anxiety. These findings can deepen our understanding of the pathological mechanism of anxiety and further support the need for preventive interventions in high anxiety individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlan Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tongpeng Chu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuicai Wu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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40
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Naito E, Morita T, Saito DN, Ban M, Shimada K, Okamoto Y, Kosaka H, Okazawa H, Asada M. Development of Right-hemispheric Dominance of Inferior Parietal Lobule in Proprioceptive Illusion Task. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:5385-5397. [PMID: 28968653 PMCID: PMC5939204 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional lateralization can be an indicator of brain maturation. We have consistently shown that, in the adult brain, proprioceptive processing of muscle spindle afferents generating illusory movement of the right hand activates inferior frontoparietal cortical regions in a right-side dominant manner in addition to the cerebrocerebellar motor network. Here we provide novel evidence regarding the development of the right-dominant use of the inferior frontoparietal cortical regions in humans using this task. We studied brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging while 60 right-handed blindfolded healthy children (8-11 years), adolescents (12-15 years), and young adults (18-23 years) (20 per group) experienced the illusion. Adult-like right-dominant use of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) was observed in adolescents, while children used the IPL bilaterally. In contrast, adult-like lateralized cerebrocerebellar motor activation patterns were already observable in children. The right-side dominance progresses during adolescence along with the suppression of the left-sided IPL activity that emerges during childhood. Therefore, the neuronal processing implemented in the adult's right IPL during the proprioceptive illusion task is likely mediated bilaterally during childhood, and then becomes right-lateralized during adolescence at a substantially later time than the lateralized use of the cerebrocerebellar motor system for kinesthetic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Naito
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 2A6 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Medicine, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Morita
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 2A6 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke N Saito
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Midori Ban
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Koji Shimada
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamoto
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kosaka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Okazawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Minoru Asada
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 2A6 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Hung Y, Saygin ZM, Biederman J, Hirshfeld-Becker D, Uchida M, Doehrmann O, Han M, Chai XJ, Kenworthy T, Yarmak P, Gaillard SL, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Gabrieli JDE. Impaired Frontal-Limbic White Matter Maturation in Children at Risk for Major Depression. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4478-4491. [PMID: 27578495 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is among the most common neuropsychiatric disorders. It remains unclear whether brain abnormalities associated with depression reflect the pathological state of the disease or neurobiological traits predisposing individuals to depression. Parental history of depression is a risk factor that more than triples the risk of depression. We compared white matter (WM) microstructure cross-sectionally in 40 children ages 8-14 with versus without parental history of depression (At-Risk vs. Control). There were significant differences in age-related changes of fractional anisotropy (FA) between the groups, localized in the anterior fronto-limbic WM pathways, including the anterior cingulum and the genu of the corpus callosum. Control children exhibited typical increasing FA with age, whereas At-Risk children exhibited atypical decreasing FA with age in these fronto-limbic regions. Furthermore, dorsal cingulate FA significantly correlated with depressive symptoms for At-Risk children. The results suggest maturational WM microstructure differences in mood-regulatory neurocircuitry that may contribute to neurodevelopmental risk for depression. The study provides new insights into neurodevelopmental susceptibility to depression and related disabilities that may promote early preventive intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Hung
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zeynep M Saygin
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Mai Uchida
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Oliver Doehrmann
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle Han
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaoqian J Chai
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tara Kenworthy
- Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pavel Yarmak
- Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, ON M5S 1A1
| | | | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Etchell A, Adhikari A, Weinberg LS, Choo AL, Garnett EO, Chow HM, Chang SE. A systematic literature review of sex differences in childhood language and brain development. Neuropsychologia 2018; 114:19-31. [PMID: 29654881 PMCID: PMC5988993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The extent of sex differences in childhood language development is unclear. We conducted a systematic literature review synthesizing results from studies examining sex differences in brain structure and function relevant to language development during childhood. We searched PubMed and Scopus databases, and this returned a total of 46 published studies meeting criteria for inclusion that directly examined sex differences in brain development relevant to language function in children. The results indicate that: (a) sex differences in brain structure or function do not necessarily lead to differences in language task performance; (b) evidence for sex differences in brain and language development are limited; (c) when present, sex differences often interact with a variety of factors such as age and task. Overall, the magnitude of sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories associated with language is not as significant as previously thought. Sex differences were found, however, in studies employing tighter age ranges. This suggests that sex differences may be more prominent during certain developmental stages but are negligible in other stages, likely due to different rates of maturation between the sexes. More research is needed to improve our understanding of how sex differences may arise due to the influence of sex hormones and developmental stages, and how these differences may lead to differences in various language task performance. These studies are expected to provide normative information that may be used in studies examining neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently affect more males than females, and also often affect language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Etchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Aditi Adhikari
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Lauren S Weinberg
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ai Leen Choo
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Emily O Garnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ho Ming Chow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Soo-Eun Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Morita T, Saito DN, Ban M, Shimada K, Okamoto Y, Kosaka H, Okazawa H, Asada M, Naito E. Self-Face Recognition Begins to Share Active Region in Right Inferior Parietal Lobule with Proprioceptive Illusion During Adolescence. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:1532-1548. [PMID: 29420750 PMCID: PMC6093481 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that right-side dominance of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in self-body recognition (proprioceptive illusion) task emerges during adolescence in typical human development. Here, we extend this finding by demonstrating that functional lateralization to the right IPL also develops during adolescence in another self-body (specifically a self-face) recognition task. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 60 right-handed healthy children (8-11 years), adolescents (12-15 years), and adults (18-23 years; 20 per group) while they judged whether a presented face was their own (Self) or that of somebody else (Other). We also analyzed fMRI data collected while they performed proprioceptive illusion task. All participants performed self-face recognition with high accuracy. Among brain regions where self-face-related activity (Self vs. Other) developed, only right IPL activity developed predominantly for self-face processing, with no substantial involvement in other-face processing. Adult-like right-dominant use of IPL emerged during adolescence, but was not yet present in childhood. Adult-like common activation between the tasks also emerged during adolescence. Adolescents showing stronger right-lateralized IPL activity during illusion also showed this during self-face recognition. Our results suggest the importance of the right IPL in neuronal processing of information associated with one's own body in typically developing humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Morita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 2A6 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke N Saito
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Midori Ban
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Shimada
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamoto
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kosaka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Okazawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-shimoaiduki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Minoru Asada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 2A6 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Naito
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 2A6 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Medicine, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Alizadeh M, Fisher J, Saksena S, Sultan Y, Conklin CJ, Middleton DM, Krisa L, Finsterbusch J, Flanders AE, Faro SH, Mulcahey MJ, Mohamed FB. Age related diffusion and tractography changes in typically developing pediatric cervical and thoracic spinal cord. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:784-792. [PMID: 29876264 PMCID: PMC5988463 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) are two techniques that can measure white matter integrity of the spinal cord. Recently, DTI indices have been shown to change with age. The purpose of this study is (a) to evaluate the maturational states of the entire pediatric spinal cord using DTI and DTT indices including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), mean length of white matter fiber tracts and tract density and (b) to analyze the DTI and DTT parameters along the entire spinal cord as a function of spinal cord levels and age. Method A total of 23 typically developing (TD) pediatric subjects ranging in age from 6 to 16 years old (11.94 ± 3.26 (mean ± standard deviation), 13 females and 10 males) were recruited, and scanned using 3.0 T MR scanner. Reduced FOV diffusion tensor images were acquired axially in the same anatomical location prescribed for the T2-weighted images to cover the entire spinal cord (C1-mid L1 levels). To mitigate motion induced artifacts, diffusion directional images were aligned with the reference image (b0) using a rigid body registration algorithm performed by in-house software developed in Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts). Diffusion tensor maps (FA and MD) and streamline deterministic tractography were then generated from the motion corrected DTI dataset. DTI and DTT parameters were calculated by using ROIs drawn to encapsulate the whole cord along the entire spinal cord by an independent board certified neuroradiologist. These indices then were compared between two age groups (age group A = 6-11 years (n = 11) and age group B = 12-16 years (n = 12)) based on similar standards and age definitions used for reporting spinal cord injury in the pediatric population. Standard least squared linear regression based on a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method was used to evaluate the relationship between age and DTI and DTT parameters. Results An increase in FA (group A = 0.42 ± 0.097, group B = 0.49 ± 0.116), white matter tract density (group A = 368.01 ± 236.88, group B = 440.13 ± 245.24) and mean length of fiber tracts (group A = 48.16 ± 20.48 mm, group B = 60.28 ± 23.87 mm) and a decrease in MD (group A = 1.06 ± 0.23 × 10-3 mm2/s, group B = 0.82 ± 0.24 × 10-3 mm2/s) were observed with age along the entire spinal cord. Statistically significant increases have been shown in FA (p = 0.004, R2 = 0.57), tract density (p = 0.0004, R2 = 0.58), mean length of fiber tracts (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.5) and a significant decrease has been shown in MD (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.59) between group A and group B. Also, it has been shown DTI and DTT parameters vary along the spinal cord as a function of intervertebral disk and mid-vertebral body level. Conclusion This study provides an initial understanding of age related changes of DTI values as well as DTT metrics of the spinal cord. The results show significant differences in DTI and DTT parameters which may result from decreasing water content, myelination of fiber tracts, and the thickening diameter of fiber tracts during the maturation process. Consequently, when quantitative DTI and DTT of the spinal cord is undertaken in the pediatric population an age and level matched normative dataset should be used to accurately interpret the quantitative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Alizadeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joshua Fisher
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sona Saksena
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yusra Sultan
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chris J Conklin
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Devon M Middleton
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laura Krisa
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jürgen Finsterbusch
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Flanders
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Scott H Faro
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M J Mulcahey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Feroze B Mohamed
- Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Cullen KR, Klimes-Dougan B, Schreiner MW, Carstedt P, Marka N, Nelson K, Miller MJ, Reigstad K, Westervelt A, Gunlicks-Stoessel M, Eberly LE. N-Acetylcysteine for Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Behavior in Adolescents: An Open-Label Pilot Study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2018; 28:136-144. [PMID: 29053023 PMCID: PMC5831760 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2017.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in adolescents and young adults, and few evidence-based treatments are available for this significant problem. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a widely available nutritional supplement that has been studied in some psychiatric disorders relevant to NSSI including mood and addictive disorders. This pilot study tested the use of NAC as a potential treatment for NSSI in youth. METHODS Thirty-five female adolescents and young adults with NSSI aged 13-21 years were enrolled in this study that had an open-label, single-arm study design. All participants were given oral NAC as follows: 600 mg twice daily (weeks 1-2), 1200 mg twice daily (weeks 3-4), and 1800 mg twice daily (weeks 5-8). Patients were seen every 2 weeks throughout the trial, at which time youth reported the frequency of NSSI episodes. Levels of depression, impulsivity, and global psychopathology were measured at baseline and at the end of the trial using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Barratt Impulsivity Scale, and Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90). RESULTS About two-thirds of the enrolled female youth completed the trial (24/35). NAC was generally well tolerated in this sample. NAC treatment was associated with a significant decrease in NSSI frequency at visit 6 and visit 8 compared to baseline. We also found that depression scores and global psychopathology scores (but not impulsivity scores) decreased after NAC treatment. Decrease in NSSI was not correlated with decrease in BDI-II or SCL-90 scores, suggesting these might be independent effects. CONCLUSION We provide preliminary evidence that NAC may have promise as a potential treatment option for adolescents with NSSI. The current results require follow-up with a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to confirm efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R. Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bonnie Klimes-Dougan
- Psychology Department, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Patricia Carstedt
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nicholas Marka
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Katharine Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael J. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristina Reigstad
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ana Westervelt
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Lynn E. Eberly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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46
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Weathers J, Lippard ETC, Spencer L, Pittman B, Wang F, Blumberg HP. Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study of Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:111-117. [PMID: 29413143 PMCID: PMC5806147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Longitudinal neuroimaging during adolescence/young adulthood, when bipolar disorder (BD) commonly emerges, can help elucidate the neurodevelopmental pathophysiology of BD. Adults with BD have shown reduced structural integrity in the uncinate fasciculus (UF), a white matter (WM) tract providing major connections between the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC), important in emotion regulation. In this longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study of adolescents/young adults, we hypothesized differences in age- and time-related changes in UF integrity in BD compared to healthy controls (HC). METHOD Two DTI scans were obtained in 27 adolescents/young adults with BD and 37 HC adolescents/young adults, on average approximately 2.5 years apart. Interactions between diagnosis with age and with time for UF fractional anisotropy (FA) were assessed. Exploratory analyses were performed including euthymic-only participants with BD, and for potential influences of demographic and clinical factors. Whole-brain analyses were performed to explore for interactions in other regions. RESULTS There were significant interactions between diagnosis with age and with time for UF FA (p < .05). Healthy control adolescents/young adults showed significant UF FA increases with age and over time (p < .05), whereas no significant changes with age or over time were observed in the adolescents/young adults with BD. Significant interactions with age and time were also observed in analyses including euthymic-only participants with BD (p < .05). CONCLUSION These findings provide neuroimaging evidence supporting differences in UF WM structural development during adolescence/young adulthood, suggesting that differences in the development of an amygdala-vPFC system subserving emotion regulation may be a trait feature of BD neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judah Weathers
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Yale Child Study Center, New Haven
| | - Elizabeth T C Lippard
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, TX
| | | | | | - Fei Wang
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Yale Child Study Center, New Haven.
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Walton M, Dewey D, Lebel C. Brain white matter structure and language ability in preschool-aged children. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2018; 176:19-25. [PMID: 29132048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain alterations are associated with reading and language difficulties in older children, but little research has investigated relationships between early language skills and brain white matter structure during the preschool period. We studied 68 children aged 3.0-5.6 years who underwent diffusion tensor imaging and participated in assessments of Phonological Processing and Speeded Naming. Tract-based spatial statistics and tractography revealed relationships between Phonological Processing and diffusion parameters in bilateral ventral white matter pathways and the corpus callosum. Phonological Processing was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy and negatively correlated with mean diffusivity. The relationships observed in left ventral pathways are consistent with studies in older children, and demonstrate that structural markers for language performance are apparent as young as 3 years of age. Our findings in right hemisphere areas that are not as commonly found in adult studies suggest that young children rely on a widespread network for language processing that becomes more specialized with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walton
- Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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48
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Wu F, Kong L, Zhu Y, Zhou Q, Jiang X, Chang M, Zhou Y, Cao Y, Xu K, Wang F, Tang Y. The Influence of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein on White Matter Abnormalities in Different Onset Age of Drug-Naïve Depression. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:186. [PMID: 29867609 PMCID: PMC5962804 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological mechanisms of white matter abnormalities in the earlier onset major depressive disorder (eoMDD, onset age ≤25 years old) differ from that in the later onset MDD (loMDD, onset age >25 years old). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is an important factor influencing white matter development. The influence of MOG on white matter in MDD of different age onset need to be explored. We compared MOG plasma concentrations and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in 35 first-episode medication-naïve MDD patients (23 eoMDD, 12 loMDD), and 32 healthy controls (HC, 17 younger, 15 older). MOG was significantly higher in eoMDD and lower in loMDD compared with HC. Mean diffusivity (MD) values were significantly increased in inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) in eoMDD, and decreased in loMDD. In both younger and older groups, MOG correlated positively with IFOF MD values. Abnormal MOG has different influence in MDD of different age onset, which is linked to MOG's overly active effect on abnormal white matter in eoMDD and markedly weak effect in loMDD cases. Abnormal MOG would be an important factor in white matter damage in MDD; the influence of MOG differs with onset age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Chang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Shenyang Mental Health Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Tamnes CK, Roalf DR, Goddings AL, Lebel C. Diffusion MRI of white matter microstructure development in childhood and adolescence: Methods, challenges and progress. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 33:161-175. [PMID: 29229299 PMCID: PMC6969268 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) continues to grow in popularity as a useful neuroimaging method to study brain development, and longitudinal studies that track the same individuals over time are emerging. Over the last decade, seminal work using dMRI has provided new insights into the development of brain white matter (WM) microstructure, connections and networks throughout childhood and adolescence. This review provides an introduction to dMRI, both diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and other dMRI models, as well as common acquisition and analysis approaches. We highlight the difficulties associated with ascribing these imaging measurements and their changes over time to specific underlying cellular and molecular events. We also discuss selected methodological challenges that are of particular relevance for studies of development, including critical choices related to image acquisition, image analysis, quality control assessment, and the within-subject and longitudinal reliability of dMRI measurements. Next, we review the exciting progress in the characterization and understanding of brain development that has resulted from dMRI studies in childhood and adolescence, including brief overviews and discussions of studies focusing on sex and individual differences. Finally, we outline future directions that will be beneficial to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Mota N, Chaves E, Antunes M, Borges R, Paiva A, Santos V. Contextualized Contribution of Kindness to Favorable Goal- and Circumstantial-Driven Neuropsychological Regulation. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1643. [PMID: 29018378 PMCID: PMC5623185 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindness involves care and non-judgmental understanding toward someone. As a prosocial inclination, kindness would increase the possibility of favorable interaction with the environment, with a successful adjustment of one's response in novel or challenging circumstances, taking into account rules or goals. This adjustment ability is commonly referred to as executive functions, dependent on the prefrontal and parietal functioning, still under development during late adolescence. This study aimed to investigate if kindness would relate with the executive functions. If so, it would correlate more with measures of self-regulation, mainly dependent on the medial prefrontal corticosubcortical circuits. Also, among self-regulating processes, kindness would be more associated with autonomic responses—choices guided by one's understanding/intention - than with adaptive responses—changes on one's choices triggered by unfavorable circumstances. A sample of 46 (31 female; 18 to 21 years-old) healthy college students from the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro attended a clinical interview and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Kindness was measured by the Compassion Scale subscore. Generalized non-linear models for each neuropsychological variable were executed on R, followed by an estimation of weighted parameters for each factor. Significant models which included kindness (weighted parameter Pc > 74) and all of their psychosocial or sociodemographic factors on their maximum expression (Pc > 74) were identified. In a contextualized joint influence with other psychosocial and sociodemographic factors, kindness fits equally goal- and circumstantial- self-regulation, as well as integrative organization of information. Kindness is a principle that optimizes a refreshing and prosocial interaction with the environment. As it anticipates sharing and cooperation behaviors, it might have a primordial function on individual and social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Mota
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elenilda Chaves
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina Antunes
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rudi Borges
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa Paiva
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Santos
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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