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Yang X, Wang M, Wang J, Zhang S, Yang X, Zhao L. Physical literacy and health of Chinese medical students: the chain mediating role of physical activity and subjective well-being. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1348743. [PMID: 39056080 PMCID: PMC11269216 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1348743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/objective While Physical Literacy has been highlighted as a determinant in health in recent study, there is a dearth of studies examining its effect on physical health, and there is a little in the way of empirical data linking Physical Literacy to health outcomes. Accordingly, further empirical research is needed to clarify the mechanisms by which Physical Literacy affects physical health. The purpose of this study was to verify the role of medical students' Physical Literacy on Health-related quality of life as well as to explore the chain mediating role of Physical Activity and Subjective Well-being in it. Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional study design. The Physical Literacy, Health-related Quality of Life, Physical Activity ratings, and Subjective Well-being of students at Shanxi Medical University were all measured using an online survey administered in September 2023. A total of 1968 valid questionnaires were returned. First, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS software. Second, PROCESS was used to test the mediating role. Finally, we used structural equation modeling (Amos) to test the model fit. Results There is a significant correlation between all variables. After mediation effects analysis, we found that there were three indirect pathways of physical literacy on health-related quality of life: a single mediating effect of physical activity, a single mediating effect of subjective well-being, and a chained mediating effect of physical activity-subjective well-being. Conclusion The mediating role of physical activity and subjective well-being on the relationship between physical literacy and health-related quality of life has been confirmed. Our research results support the integration of physical literacy into physical education teaching and the modification of curriculum content by physical education teachers as part of efforts to enhance students' physical activity levels, subjective well-being levels, and overall health. This study provides a new perspective for intervention in improving the health of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Yang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiangong Wang
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangyuan Zhao
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Zhang BG, Qian XF. Path of Physical Exercise's Impact on Deviant Behavior Among Chinese Adolescents. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1561-1571. [PMID: 38617577 PMCID: PMC11011660 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s452606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Physical exercise is an important predictor of deviant behavior in adolescents; however, the paths and mechanisms underlying this relationship remain understudied. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study used education tracking data of 8725 Chinese adolescents (4453 males, 4240 females, average age 14 ± 0.73) to construct a chain mediation model to explore whether sleep quality and mental health mediated the relationship between physical exercise and adolescent deviant behavior. Results The results show that physical exercise cannot directly predict adolescent deviant behavior; however, it can indirectly affect deviant behavior through the mediating effect of sleep quality and mental health as well as the chain mediating benefit of "sleep quality-mental health". Conclusion Sleep quality and mental health are important internal factors of physical exercise that inhibit deviant adolescent behavior. The lack of physical activity and poor sleep quality should be prioritized in interventions regarding deviant behavior among Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Gen Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Fang Qian
- Department of Physical Education, School of Humanities, Zhao Qing Medical College, Zhao Qing, People’s Republic of China
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Woodson O, Rungta R, Bassi Smith N, Meuret AE. Depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors in a large-scale national survey of student athletes versus non-athlete college students: risk and protective factors. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38442355 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2317187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of internalizing disorders and suicidal behaviors in student-athletes and their non-athlete peers. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 223,226 college students (69,404 student-athletes [31.09%]) who participated in the NCHA-ACHA II survey (Fall 2015-2018). METHODS Items from the NCHA-ACHA II were used to assess severity of depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors. Chi-squared Test of Independence and multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine self-reported internalizing symptoms, previous diagnosis, previous use of mental health resources, and suicidal behaviors within student-athletes and non-athletes. RESULTS Findings indicated high rates of internalizing symptoms. Student-athletes, both varsity and intramural/club, displayed decreased odds of internalizing symptoms, self-reported mental health diagnosis, and suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This study with a national sample expands previous studies showing concerning rates of mental health difficulties, student-athletes demonstrated lower odds. These findings highlight the importance of further research and need for targeted intervention within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Woodson
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ria Rungta
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Health, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Noelle Bassi Smith
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northeast Program Evaluation Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alicia E Meuret
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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4
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Dong F. The association of adverse family experiences, physical activity, and depression in a national sample of US adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12444. [PMID: 38059546 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEMS Sufficient engagement in physical activity could foster resilience in adolescents and help alleviate the impact of adverse family experiences (AFEs), such as depression. However, the association between cumulative AFEs exposure, physical activity, and depression remains unclear. The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between AFEs and adolescent depression and whether physical activity moderates this relationship. METHODS Secondary analyses were conducted on 29,617 adolescents aged 12-17 years from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Binomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship among AFEs, child depression, and physical activity. Covariates include individual-level, social-level, and societal-level factors. FINDINGS This study reveals that 7.3% of US adolescents had a depression diagnosis. The odds of having a depression diagnosis among US children were 1.6 times (adjusted OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.37-1.86) greater for adolescents with one type of AFEs, and 3.4 times greater (adjusted OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 2.78-4.13) for adolescents with three or more AFEs, compared with children living without AFEs. Physical activity for 1-3 days per week remained a significant, substantial protector of childhood depression among children with at least one type of AFEs (adjusted OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.87). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a clinical concern for adolescents with more AFEs. Trauma-informed care to address multiple types of trauma and physical activity interventions to reduce depression symptoms may be particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghong Dong
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Seiffer B, Rösel I, Welkerling J, Schuch FB, Sudeck G, Wolf S. The association of changes in leisure-time physical activity on depressive symptoms during Covid-19 in German adults: A longitudinal study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 70:102562. [PMID: 37956817 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal survey assessed preventive and curative antidepressant effects of at least 75 min/week of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at different timepoints of the Covid-19 pandemic. We further investigated if high self-regulation skills were associated with higher odds of initiating or maintaining LTPA during the pandemic. Data was collected online from 4253 participants (age: m = 33.65 years, SD = 0.79; 79 % female) during the first quarantine measures in Germany (T1), as well as 4 weeks (T2), and 8 months (T3) later. We performed linear mixed models with changes (T2-T1, T3-T1) in LTPA and baseline major depressive disorder (MDD) as predictors (main effects and interaction effect) and depressive symptoms (at T2, T3) as the primary outcome. We found significant interaction effects of baseline depression and change in LTPA on depressive symptoms at T2 and T3 (p < 0.001). For probable cases of MDD an increasing LTPA to ≥75 min/week (vs. no change, <75 min/week) was associated with less depressive symptoms at T2 and T3 (p = 0.003, d = 0.28). For absence of depression at baseline, remaining at ≥75 min/week of LTPA was associated with less depressive symptoms at T2 and T3 compared to remaining at <75 min/week (p = 0.006, d = 0.11) or decreasing LTPA to <75 min/week (p = 0.018, d = 0.11). Reporting high self-regulation at T1 was associated with higher odds of performing ≥75 min/week of LTPA at T2/T3 (OR = 1.74, p < 0.001). In general, studies report reduced LTPA during Covid-19. To benefit from the reported preventive and interventional effects, further interventions should focus on improving physical activity related self-regulation to identify and overcome barriers for LTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Seiffer
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tuebingen, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Inka Rösel
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jana Welkerling
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tuebingen, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil; Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institue of Health Sciences, Universidad Autônoma de Chile, Providência, Chile
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tuebingen, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tuebingen, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
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Dial LA, DeNardo FA, Fevrier B, Morgan AL, Du C, Tucker RM, Hsiao PY, Ludy MJ. Comparing mental health and well-being of US undergraduate and graduate students during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2775-2785. [PMID: 34788587 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1996372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study explored how COVID-related mental health and well-being varied between undergraduate and graduate students. Relationships with physical health behaviors were also examined. Participants: Undergraduate (n = 897) and graduate (n = 314) students were recruited from three US universities between mid-April and late-May 2020. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional survey self-reported perceived stress, financial stress, resilience, repetitive negative thinking, mood, anxiety, diet, sleep, and physical activity using validated instruments. Results: Undergraduate students reported more perceived stress, more repetitive negative thinking, less positive mood, and less support from professors than graduate students. Perceived stress, repetitive negative thinking, negative mood, and anxiety increased among all students (p < .05 for all). Correlations between mental health outcomes and physical health behaviors were weak to moderate (r = .08 to .49). Conclusions: College students, particularly undergraduates, perceived negative mental health impacts during COVID. Creative approaches for meeting student needs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Dial
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Faith A DeNardo
- Division of Health and Wellness, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Bradley Fevrier
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy L Morgan
- School of Human Movement, Sport, and Leisure Studies, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Robin M Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Pao Ying Hsiao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary-Jon Ludy
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
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Ochoa Del-Toro AG, Mitchell-Bennett LA, Machiorlatti M, Robledo CA, Davé AC, Lozoya RN, Reininger BM. Community Exercise Program Participation and Mental Well-Being in the U.S. Texas-Mexico Border Region. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2946. [PMID: 37998438 PMCID: PMC10670961 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hispanics are disproportionately affected by low rates of physical activity and high rates of chronic diseases. Hispanics generally and Mexican Americans specifically are underrepresented in research on physical activity and its impact on mental well-being. Some community-based interventions have been effective in increasing physical activity among Hispanics. This study examined data from a sample of low-income Hispanic participants in free community exercise classes to characterize the association between self-reported frequency of exercise class attendance, intensity of physical activity, and participant well-being. As part of two cross-sectional samples recruited from a stratified random sample of community exercise classes, 302 participants completed a questionnaire consisting of a modified version of the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF). Adjusted logistic regression analyses indicated that those who achieve mild, moderate, and strenuous self-reported physical activity have 130% higher odds (p = 0.0422) of positive mental well-being after adjustment for age, frequency of attendance, and self-reported health. This study provides evidence that the intensity of physical activity is associated with flourishing mental well-being among Hispanic adults. The association between physical activity and mental well-being is more pronounced when considering participants engaged in mild levels of physical activity. The study further provides insight into the planning and development of community-based physical activity programming tailored to low-income populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma G. Ochoa Del-Toro
- Division of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Brownsville Regional Campus, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville, TX 78250, USA (L.A.M.-B.); (A.C.D.); (R.N.L.)
| | - Lisa A. Mitchell-Bennett
- Division of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Brownsville Regional Campus, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville, TX 78250, USA (L.A.M.-B.); (A.C.D.); (R.N.L.)
| | - Michael Machiorlatti
- Department of Population Health and Biostatistics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA; (M.M.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Candace A. Robledo
- Department of Population Health and Biostatistics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA; (M.M.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Amanda C. Davé
- Division of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Brownsville Regional Campus, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville, TX 78250, USA (L.A.M.-B.); (A.C.D.); (R.N.L.)
| | - Rebecca N. Lozoya
- Division of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Brownsville Regional Campus, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville, TX 78250, USA (L.A.M.-B.); (A.C.D.); (R.N.L.)
| | - Belinda M. Reininger
- Division of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Brownsville Regional Campus, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville, TX 78250, USA (L.A.M.-B.); (A.C.D.); (R.N.L.)
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8
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Rastogi R, Cerda IH, Ibrahim A, Chen JA, Stevens C, Liu CH. Long COVID and psychological distress in young adults: Potential protective effect of a prior mental health diagnosis. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:639-648. [PMID: 37553019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although young adulthood is a period characterized by marked psychological vulnerability, young adults are typically considered to be in good physical health and are therefore understudied with respect to the effects of COVID-19 infection and long COVID. The present study examined associations between post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and serious psychological distress during young adulthood, and tested whether prior mental health diagnosis moderated this association. METHODS Participants were 44,652 young adults who completed the Spring 2022 administration of the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III (ACHA-NCHA). Blockwise logistic regressions tested the odds of meeting the clinical threshold for serious psychological distress. RESULTS PASC was associated with 53 % increased likelihood of meeting the clinical threshold for serious psychological distress. Among young adults with a prior mental health diagnosis, PASC predicted 36 % increased odds of serious psychological distress; among those without a diagnosis, PASC predicted 81 % increased odds. LIMITATIONS PASC was assessed using a single self-report item rather than a clinical diagnosis of specific symptomatology. The analyses were cross-sectional and relied on concurrent reports of PASC and psychological distress which precluded us from making claims regarding directionality of the associations. The outcome of generalized psychological distress limited us from generating targeted treatment recommendations. CONCLUSIONS PASC may confer elevated psychological distress among young adults. The association of PASC to serious psychological distress was stronger in young adults without a mental health diagnosis than those with a diagnosis. Prior experience with mental illness may mitigate the psychological burden of long-term symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Rastogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Abdelrahman Ibrahim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin A Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA
| | - Cindy H Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pester CW, Noh G, Fu A. On the Importance of Mental Health in STEM. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:295-306. [PMID: 37576711 PMCID: PMC10416320 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
From homework to exams to proposal deadlines, STEM academia bears many stressors for students, faculty, and administrators. The increasing prevalence of burnout as an occupational phenomenon, along with anxiety, depression, and other mental illnesses in the STEM community is an alarming sign that help is needed. We describe common mental illnesses, identify risk factors, and outline symptoms. We intend to provide guidance on how some people can cope with stressors while also giving advice for those who wish to help their suffering friends, colleagues, or peers. We hope to spark more conversation about this important topic that may affect us all-while also encouraging those who suffer (or have suffered) to share their stories and serve as role models for those who feel they cannot speak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W. Pester
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gina Noh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andi Fu
- Department
of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Qu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Chang L, Fan H. Relationships among Square Dance, Group Cohesion, Perceived Social Support, and Psychological Capital in 2721 Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2025. [PMID: 37510466 PMCID: PMC10379668 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Aging is a global phenomenon, and China's aging is extensive and rapid and already at the middle to upper level worldwide. Promoting social interaction and increasing positive psychological qualities in individuals are key components in helping people adapt to the physical and mental changes of the aging process. Among them, how middle-aged and older adults improve their physical and mental health through physical activity is of great concern. (2) Methods: This study measured the physical activity of 2721 middle-aged and elderly square dance participants across China, and structural equation modeling was applied to explore the relationship between square dance exercise and group cohesion as well as the role of perceived social support and psychological capital. (3) Results: The results showed that (a) square dance exercise positively predicts group cohesion among middle-aged and older adults. (b) Perceived social support and psychological capital mediate the relationship between square dance exercise and group cohesion, and the mediating role consists of three pathways: perceived social support alone, psychological capital alone, and perceived social support-psychological capital chain mediation. (c) The mediating effect of psychological capital alone is greater than the mediating effect of perceived social support alone and the mediating effect of the perceived social support-psychological capital chain. (4) Conclusions: This study provides support for the theory and practice of square dance exercise and intervention guidance for increasing positive psychological qualities and group dynamic levels in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Qu
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Sports Department, China Women's University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Hawkins G, Malatzky C, Wilson S, Dingle K. Exploring the gap between refugee-background communities' needs and existing community-based physical activity programs in Australia. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:7162646. [PMID: 37184580 PMCID: PMC10184685 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity programs run by local government, public health and not-for-profit sectors are a key public health strategy for improving rates of physical activity within local communities. However, these programs are underutilized. This is especially the case among members of refugee-background communities whose participation could have far-ranging and multilevel benefits. To explore how greater engagement among refugee-background communities with these programs could be fostered in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, a qualitative study was undertaken from the perspectives of both community-based physical activity program providers and agencies involved in delivering services to refugee-background communities. This study involved a series of semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of personnel from agencies that work with individuals and families from refugee-background communities and organizations that provide low-cost or no-cost physical activity programs and initiatives. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret meaning from these data. Three themes relating to how participation in community-based physical activity programs could be improved among refugee-background communities were identified: improving cultural safety through intersectoral collaboration; confronting constraints imposed by the broader public health policy environment; and building capacity and empowering the community to diversify the sector. The findings highlight the importance of localized, deep-level intersectoral collaborations in bridging the gap between the health and social care needs of refugee-background communities and existing physical activity programs. However, a range of systems-produced barriers to the creation of such collaborations must be addressed to enable local actors to help mitigate and address the systemic exclusion of marginalized populations from participation in broader society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Hawkins
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
| | - Christina Malatzky
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
| | - Susan Wilson
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
| | - Kaeleen Dingle
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia
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12
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Khoramrooz M, Zare F, Sadeghian F, Dadgari A, Chaman R, Mirrezaie SM. Socioeconomic inequalities in employees' health-enhancing physical activity: Evidence from the SHAHWAR cohort study in Iran. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285620. [PMID: 37186583 PMCID: PMC10184902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing level of physical activity (PA) among working population is of particular importance, because of the high return of investment on employees' PA. This study was aimed to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) among employees of a Medical Sciences University in Iran. METHODS Data were extracted from the SHAHWAR Cohort study in Iran. Concentration index (C) and Wagstaff decomposition techniques were applied to determine socioeconomic inequality in the study outcomes and its contributors, respectively. RESULTS Nearly half of the university employees (44.6%) had poor HEPA, and employees with high socioeconomic status (SES) suffered more from it (C = 0.109; 95% CI: 0.075, 0.143). Also, we found while poor work-related PA (C = 0.175; 95% CI: 0.142, 0.209) and poor transport-related PA (C = 0.081, 95% CI: 0.047, 0.115) were more concentrated among high-SES employees, low-SES employees more affected by the poor PA at leisure time (C = -0.180; 95% CI: -0.213, -0.146). Shift working, and having higher SES and subjective social status were the main factors that positively contributed to the measured inequality in employees' poor HEPA by 33%, 31.7%, and 29%, respectively, whereas, having a married life had a negative contribution of -39.1%. The measured inequality in poor leisure-time PA was mainly attributable to SES, having a married life, urban residency, and female gender by 58.1%, 32.5%, 28.5%, and -32.6%, respectively. SES, urban residency, shift working, and female gender, with the contributions of 42%, 33.5%, 21.6%, and -17.3%, respectively, were the main contributors of poor work-related PA inequality. Urban residency, having a married life, SES, and subjective social status mainly contributed to the inequality of poor transport-related PA by 82.9%, -58.7%, 36.3%, and 33.5%, respectively, followed by using a personal car (12.3%) and female gender (11.3%). CONCLUSIONS To reduce the measured inequalities in employees' PA, workplace health promotion programs should aim to educate and support male, urban resident, high-SES, high-social-class, and non-shift work employees to increase their PA at workplace, and female, married, rural resident, and low-SES employees to increase their leisure-time PA. Active transportation can be promoted among female, married, urban resident, high-SES, and high-social-class employees and those use a personal car.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoramrooz
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fariba Zare
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Sadeghian
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Dadgari
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Chaman
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mirrezaie
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Ogrodnik M, Karsan S, Heisz JJ. Mental Health in Adults With ADHD: Examining the Relationship With Cardiorespiratory Fitness. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:698-708. [PMID: 36915221 PMCID: PMC10173354 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231158383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mental health of adults with ADHD was compared to neurotypical controls, and associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mental health were examined. METHOD Seventy-two participants (n = 36 with ADHD) completed demographic questions assessing ADHD and mental health symptoms. CRF was estimated using the 6-Minute Walk Test and a self-perception question. RESULTS Those with ADHD had significantly poorer mental health outcomes than controls (p < .001), with 50% of adults with ADHD reporting moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Critically, lower CRF was associated with worse depression, anxiety, and stress (all p ≤ .03) across both groups. Within the ADHD group, those with higher estimated CRF had significantly lower stress. Among participants with less severe ADHD symptoms, those with higher perceived CRF had significantly lower depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION In our cross-sectional study, participants with ADHD had poorer mental health than neurotypical controls, and higher fitness was associated with better mental health.
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Ardekani AM, Vahdat S, Hojati A, Moradi H, Tousi AZ, Ebrahimzadeh F, Farhangi MA. Evaluating the association between the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, mental health, and cardio-metabolic risk factors among individuals with obesity. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:29. [PMID: 36726099 PMCID: PMC9893576 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several previous investigations have examined the brain-protective role of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet. However, more knowledge is needed about the MIND diet's other favorable impacts. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the MIND diet, mental health, and metabolic markers in individuals with obesity. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included 339 individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) aged 20-50 years. We utilized a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), we assessed dietary intake, including 168 food items, and calculated the value of MIND. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) guidelines. We assessed biochemical parameters using Enzymatic methods. Blood pressure and body composition were also determined. RESULTS Higher tertiles of the MIND diet score were associated with significantly higher energy intake, macronutrients, and brain-healthy food intakes (P < 0.001). Among the brain-unhealthy foods, only the intake of sweets and pastries was significantly lower in the highest versus lowest MIND tertiles. We also observed lower odds of stress (P < 0.05) and higher insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05) in the highest versus lowest MIND diet tertiles. We witnessed no significant changes in other parameters. CONCLUSION Lower stress levels and higher insulin sensitivity independent of some confounders like age, BMI, sex, and physical activity were associated with the highest tertile of MIND diet score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sahar Vahdat
- Isfahan Kidney Disease Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Hojati
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Moradi
- Faculty of Medicine, Belarusian State Medical University (BSMU), Minsk, Belarus
| | - Ayda Zahiri Tousi
- Razavi Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri St., Daneshgah Blvd., Tabriz, Iran.
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Stults-Kolehmainen MA. Humans have a basic physical and psychological need to move the body: Physical activity as a primary drive. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134049. [PMID: 37113126 PMCID: PMC10128862 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, while less necessary for survival in modern times, is still essential for thriving in life, and low levels of movement are related to numerous physical and mental health problems. However, we poorly understand why people move on a day-to-day basis and how to promote greater energy expenditure. Recently, there has been a turn to understand automatic processes with close examination of older theories of behavior. This has co-occurred with new developments in the study of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). In this narrative review, it is hypothesized that psycho-physiological drive is important to understand movement in general and NEAT, specifically. Drive, in short, is a motivation state, characterized by arousal and felt tension, energizing the organism to acquire a basic need. Movement is a biological necessity, like food, water, and sleep, but varies across the lifespan and having the greatest impact before adolescence. Movement meets various criteria for a primary drive: (a) deprivation of it produces feelings of tension, such as an urge or craving, known as affectively-charged motivation states, and particularly the feelings of being antsy, restless, hyper or cooped up, (b) provision of the need quickly reduces tension - one can be satiated, and may even over-consume, (c) it can be provoked by qualities of the environment, (d) it is under homeostatic control, (e) there is an appetite (i.e., appetence) for movement but also aversion, and (f) it has a developmental time course. Evidence for drive has mainly come from children and populations with hyperkinetic disorders, such as those with anorexia nervosa, restless legs syndrome, and akathisia. It is also stimulated in conditions of deprivation, such as bed rest, quarantine, long flights, and physical restraint. It seems to be lacking in the hypokinetic disorders, such as depression and Parkinson's. Thus, drive is associated with displeasure and negative reinforcement, subsuming it within the theory of hedonic drive, but it may fit better within new paradigms, such as the WANT model (Wants and Aversions for Neuromuscular Tasks). Recently developed measurement tools, such as the CRAVE scale, may permit the earnest investigation of movement drive, satiation, and motivation states in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Stults-Kolehmainen
- Division of Digestive Health, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College – Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew A. Stults-Kolehmainen,
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Denche-Zamorano Á, Urbano-Mairena J, Pastor-Cisneros R, Muñoz-Bermejo L, Barrios-Fernandez S, Garcia-Gordillo MÁ, Colmenarez-Mendoza A, Guerra-Bustamante J, Mendoza-Muñoz M. A Cross-Sectional Study on Physical Activity and Psychological Distress in Adults with Asthma. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122469. [PMID: 36553992 PMCID: PMC9778577 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical Activity (PA) could contribute to decreasing psychological distress and improving Self-Perceived Health (SPH) in adults with Asthma. The main objective of this study was to analyse the associations between the Physical Activity Level (PAL) Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Mental Health, using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and SPH in the adult population with Asthma. This descriptive cross-sectional study is based on data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey, including 1040 participants with Asthma in the study. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to study the hypothetical differences between the PAL and the different variables derived from the GHQ-12. In addition, correlations between the variables generated and the items of the GHQ-12, together with the PAL and the Duke-UNC-11, were analysed using Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. Inverse correlations were found between Mental Health and PSS (rho: -0.351) and between Mental Health and PAL (rho: -0.209), as well as in the rest of the GHQ-12 items: successful coping (rho: -0.197), self-esteem (rho: -0.193) and stress (rho: -0.145). The more active subjects had better SPH. Therefore, the research showed how higher PAL and positive SPH are related to lower psychological distress in adults with Asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Javier Urbano-Mairena
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | | | | | - Joan Guerra-Bustamante
- Area of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Department of Psychology and Anthropology, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
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Feng J, Lau PWC, Shi L, Huang WY. Longitudinal Shifts in Movement Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relations to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13449. [PMID: 36294027 PMCID: PMC9603431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the longitudinal changes of movement behaviors and their relationships with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among university students during the coronavirus disease 2019 in China. A total of 569 university students completed online surveys twice (Time 1: between December 2020 and January 2021; Time 2: between November and December 2021). Physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep duration and quality, as well as PTSD were self-reported. According to Canadian 24-h movement guidelines, the longitudinal shifts in each movement behavior from Time 1 to Time 2 were divided into four categories (consistently meeting the guidelines, from meeting to not meeting the guidelines, from not meeting to meeting the guidelines, and consistently not meeting the guidelines). Generalized linear mixed models were conducted using 410 valid responses (20.2 ± 1.0 years old at Time 2, 41.2% males). From Time 1 to Time 2, 22.2%, 2.0%, and 45.6% of the students consistently met the physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep guidelines, respectively. Compared to those who consistently met the sedentary behavior guideline, students who consistently failed to meet or changed from meeting to not meeting the guidelines had higher levels of PTSD. Students who had poor sleep quality at both time points or changed from good to bad sleep quality had higher levels of PTSD than those who maintained good sleep quality over time. Compared to those who consistently failed to meet the guideline, students who consistently met the PA guideline had higher levels of PTSD. These findings highlight the needs to improve and maintain healthy behaviors for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Wing Chung Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519088, China
| | - Wendy Yajun Huang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Mahdavinoor SMM, Rafiei MH, Mahdavinoor SH. Mental health status of students during coronavirus pandemic outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103739. [PMID: 35571677 PMCID: PMC9091154 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction University students have been extensively affected with psychological problems due to outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic given their special position and status. In this study, we intend to examine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of students. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in medical Sciences universities of Mazandaran Province. 352 students were recruited by simple available sampling method. Data collection tools were Standard Mental Health Questionnaire (DASS-21) and demographic information questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS software through descriptive and analytical statistics. Results The mean age of students was 22.44 ± 3.4 and 54.3% of them were females. 33.6, 28.4, and 27.3% of students had moderate to extremely severe levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. There was a significant relationship between total mental health score with physical activity (p < 0.04) and with smoking (p < 0.02). There was also a significant relationship between smoking and depression (p < 0.01). Conclusion Considering the fact that anxiety, stress and depression are common among medical sciences students of Mazandaran Province, necessary measures must be taken to improve their mental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Muhammad Mahdi Mahdavinoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Psychology, College of Human Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rafiei
- Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hatam Mahdavinoor
- Department of Islamic Theology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (Rah) Shahre-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Podavkova T, Dolejs M. Surf Therapy—Qualitative Analysis: Organization and Structure of Surf Programs and Requirements, Demands and Expectations of Personal Staff. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042299. [PMID: 35206478 PMCID: PMC8872285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Surf therapy is an increasingly popular method of mental health intervention. Although previous research documents the benefits of surf therapy for mental health, it is unclear how to navigate the organization structure of said program. This research project is a case study, where the case is an organization of our choice, in which we selected several respondents for each position. The primary study objective was to identify the principles of the surf therapy structure and describe its personnel make-up. The aim was to identify the processes in the organization, to establish their interconnectedness and outline the positives and negatives of their functioning. The respondent sample (n = 11) was composed of participants of a surf therapy program held in Great Britain, including staff (coordinator, surf instructor), volunteers, and clients. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four main thematic clusters were identified (organization of surf therapy, surf therapy staff, surf session, and situations that may arise in surf therapy), as well as several other categories based on participants’ experiences. The information obtained provides a new, as yet unexplored view of surf therapy, and can be used particularly in the development of new surf therapy programs.
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Grasdalsmoen M, Clarsen B, Sivertsen B. Mental Health in Elite Student Athletes: Exploring the Link Between Training Volume and Mental Health Problems in Norwegian College and University Students. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:817757. [PMID: 35178515 PMCID: PMC8844557 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.817757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine mental health problems among elite athletes in a student population, compared to the general student population, and to explore the association between weekly hours of training across mental health indicators. Methods Data are from a national study from 2018 of all college and university students in Norway. Participants indicated if they considered themselves to be an elite athlete, and how many hours per week they trained. Mental health problems were assessed using several well-validated questionnaires. Results Among 50,054 students, 1.3% identified themselves as elite athletes. Both male and female elite athletes had generally better mental health across most health outcomes, reporting fewer mental health problems, less loneliness, higher satisfaction with life, more positive affect, and fewer alcohol problems. Elite athletes in team sports had slightly better mental health compared to athletes of individual sports. Increased hours of weekly exercise was associated with better mental health. However, there was generally little to be gained from increasing the amount of training from 7–10 hours/week to 14+ hours per week. Female athletes who trained 14 or more hours per week reported poorer mental health across most outcome measures. Conclusion This study showed that both male and female elite athletes generally had better mental health across a range of health outcomes, when compared to the general student population. The study also found a positive dose-response relationship between weekly hours of training and mental health, but also a worsening of mental health for females at the extreme end of exercise continuum. The self-report nature of this student sample means that care should be taken when generalizing to other studies of elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grasdalsmoen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: Børge Sivertsen
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Mason L, Ronconi A, Scrimin S, Pazzaglia F. Short-Term Exposure to Nature and Benefits for Students’ Cognitive Performance: a Review. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-021-09631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThere is growing interest recently in the outdoor environment surrounding schools where students spent time during breaks, in-school activities, and after-school programs. Several reviews have examined the impact of long-term exposures to nearby nature on students’ academic achievement, but none has focused on the effects of short-term contacts with nature on students’ cognitive performance. The aim of this review is to understand the context in which short-term passive exposures to greenness occur, how cognitive performance is measured, and the conditions under which cognitive benefits emerge at various educational levels. We reviewed 14 studies in the extant literature that report investigations involving students at different educational levels, from elementary school to university, in a short exposure to nature lasting from 10 to 90 min during a study day. The review shows that in 12 out of the 14 studies, across educational levels, cognitive benefits emerge in terms of directed attention restoration from mental fatigue due to contact with nature. A no-cost opportunity to sustain students’ cognition is a break in a green environment after mentally demanding activities.
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22
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Toker MAS, Güler N. General mental state and quality of working life of call center employees. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:628-635. [PMID: 34657581 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1986462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Working conditions of call centers lead to serious mental problems in employees as well as affecting their working life quality due to factors such as excessive workload, complex and uncertain work environment, repetitive tasks, type of tasks that ignore notions of employees, benefiting from only a part of their skills, and poor labor inspection. This study aims to determine the general mental state and quality of working life of call center employees. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 200 employees working at Sivas 'ALONET' call center between December 01, 2018, and December 31, 2018. We used the Personal Information Form, General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) as data collection tools. We collected the data from the employees through face-to-face interviews during working hours. During the analysis, we used Pearson's Product Moments Correlation Analysis, t-test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H test, and Dunnet T3 Post Hoc test. We found that the mean score of the employees in GHQ-28 was 5.34 ± 5.60, and the compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue subscales of the ProQOL were 36.07 ± 9.88, 14.40 ± 7.74, and 13.89 ± 9.31, respectively. While the score of the employees from the overall GHQ-28 was significantly negatively correlated with the score from the compassion satisfaction subscales of the ProQOL, we found a significantly positive correlation between the scores of burnout and compassion fatigue subscales of the ProQOL. The findings of this study revealed that approximately 45.8% of the call center employees were mentally in the at-risk group, that their compassion satisfaction level was moderate, and that their burnout and compassion fatigue levels were low. Therefore, stress factors that employees facing in their working life should be determined, and training, counseling, and support programs should be carried out to prevent them from suffering from burnout and compassion fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuran Güler
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Wågan FA, Darvik MD, Pedersen AV. Associations between Self-Esteem, Psychological Stress, and the Risk of Exercise Dependence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115577. [PMID: 34071108 PMCID: PMC8197145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Body concerns and stress-related disorders are increasing in the younger population in a wide range of nations. Studies find links between both self-worth, exercise dependence, and self-esteem in relation to stress, but few have considered all three variables in relation to one another. The present study explored whether the co-appearance of high levels of psychological distress, and low levels of self-esteem may be a vulnerability factor for developing exercise dependence by studying the links between self-esteem, psychological stress, and exercise dependence. A standardized cross-sectional questionnaire was completed by 203 regular exercisers attending two gyms (mean age: 35.9 years). The variables self-esteem, psychological distress, and exercise dependence were all significantly correlated with each other, even after weekly exercise amount, age, and gender had been accounted for. Those who exercised for more than 9 h per week had a significantly higher score on stress and exercise dependence symptoms, and a lower score on self-esteem compared with the remaining groups. One could hypothesize that low self-esteem is a vulnerability factor and high psychological stress a maintenance factor for an exercise-dependent person. It is argued that more focus should be directed toward the negative consequences of excessive exercise.
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Ganjeh P, Meyer T, Hagmayer Y, Kuhnert R, Ravens-Sieberer U, von Steinbuechel N, Rothenberger A, Becker A. Physical Activity Improves Mental Health in Children and Adolescents Irrespective of the Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-A Multi-Wave Analysis Using Data from the KiGGS Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2207. [PMID: 33668090 PMCID: PMC7967688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) may have positive effects on mental health in children and adolescents. This post hoc study aimed to further investigate the relationship between different frequency levels of PA and general mental health as well as specific hyperactivity/inattention symptoms in children and adolescents. METHODS The analyses were based on data drawn from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study, a regularly conducted large-scale, epidemiological investigation of somatic and mental health of children and adolescents in Germany. Parents were asked about their children's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) records and answered questionnaires concerning any mental health problem behavior of the children and adolescents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The overall problem score as well as the hyperactivity/inattention symptoms subscale (SDQ-H/I) were entered as outcomes in a regression model controlling for parental socio-economic status and participants' sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted at three time points of the KiGGS study (baseline, wave 1, and wave 2) using general linear models (GLM). This was performed for different age groups (4-5, 6-9, 10-17 years). RESULTS Significant negative relationships were found between PA and general mental health problems. For the relationship between PA and SDQ-H/I, different patterns emerged at the three time points. There was no interaction between PA frequency levels and diagnosis of ADHD (ADHD vs. non-ADHD controls) regarding the SDQ total score. CONCLUSION This study underlines the importance of a high frequency level of PA for a good mental health status among children and adolescents, irrespective of the diagnosis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ganjeh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - York Hagmayer
- Department of Cognitive Science and Decision Psychology, Georg Elias Müller Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Ronny Kuhnert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Nicole von Steinbuechel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.R.); (A.B.)
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Browning MHEM, Larson LR, Sharaievska I, Rigolon A, McAnirlin O, Mullenbach L, Cloutier S, Vu TM, Thomsen J, Reigner N, Metcalf EC, D'Antonio A, Helbich M, Bratman GN, Alvarez HO. Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245327. [PMID: 33411812 PMCID: PMC7790395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are increasingly recognized as a vulnerable population, suffering from higher levels of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and disordered eating compared to the general population. Therefore, when the nature of their educational experience radically changes-such as sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic-the burden on the mental health of this vulnerable population is amplified. The objectives of this study are to 1) identify the array of psychological impacts COVID-19 has on students, 2) develop profiles to characterize students' anticipated levels of psychological impact during the pandemic, and 3) evaluate potential sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and awareness of people infected with COVID-19 risk factors that could make students more likely to experience these impacts. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected through web-based questionnaires from seven U.S. universities. Representative and convenience sampling was used to invite students to complete the questionnaires in mid-March to early-May 2020, when most coronavirus-related sheltering in place orders were in effect. We received 2,534 completed responses, of which 61% were from women, 79% from non-Hispanic Whites, and 20% from graduate students. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis on close-ended responses resulted in two latent constructs, which we used to identify profiles of students with latent profile analysis, including high (45% of sample), moderate (40%), and low (14%) levels of psychological impact. Bivariate associations showed students who were women, were non-Hispanic Asian, in fair/poor health, of below-average relative family income, or who knew someone infected with COVID-19 experienced higher levels of psychological impact. Students who were non-Hispanic White, above-average social class, spent at least two hours outside, or less than eight hours on electronic screens were likely to experience lower levels of psychological impact. Multivariate modeling (mixed-effects logistic regression) showed that being a woman, having fair/poor general health status, being 18 to 24 years old, spending 8 or more hours on screens daily, and knowing someone infected predicted higher levels of psychological impact when risk factors were considered simultaneously. CONCLUSION Inadequate efforts to recognize and address college students' mental health challenges, especially during a pandemic, could have long-term consequences on their health and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. E. M. Browning
- Virtual Reality & Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Lincoln R. Larson
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Iryna Sharaievska
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Rigolon
- Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Olivia McAnirlin
- Virtual Reality & Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Lauren Mullenbach
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Scott Cloutier
- Sustainability and Happiness Research Lab, School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Tue M. Vu
- Advanced Computing & Data Science, Clemson Computing & Information Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Thomsen
- Department of Society and Conservation, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
| | - Nathan Reigner
- Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management Department, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, PA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Covelli Metcalf
- Department of Society and Conservation, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
| | - Ashley D'Antonio
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory N. Bratman
- Environment & Well-Being Lab, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Hector Olvera Alvarez
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
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26
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Yook YS. Relationship between physical activity and job stress among public office workers. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:839-843. [PMID: 33362356 PMCID: PMC7758601 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study investigated the relationship between physical activity and job
stress among public office workers. [Participants and Methods] We examined the levels of
physical activity and job stress of 488 male public officers in Seoul-city, Republic of
Korea through self-reported questionnaires. The International Physical Activity
Questionnaires and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale were used to evaluate physical
activity and job stress, respectively. The level of physical activity was divided into
three quantiles (low, moderate, high). [Results] We found no significant difference in job
stress by physical activity level. Although a positive correlation between physical
activity and job stress was found in the organizational system category, no significant
difference was found in the categories of the physical environment, job demand,
insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, lack of reward, and
occupational climate. [Conclusion] There was no apparent correlation between physical
activity and job stress among public office workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sook Yook
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation Welfare, Sungshin Women's University: 2 Bomun-ro, 34 da-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Physical Activity and Sports Participation in Irish Adolescents and Associations with Anxiety, Depression and Mental Wellbeing. Findings from the Physical Activity and Wellbeing (Paws) Study. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.5334/paah.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Macky D, Dong T, Torre D, Schreiber-Gregory D, Singaraju R, Durning SJ. The Association With Physical Fitness and Academic Performance at America's Military Medical School. Mil Med 2020; 186:112-118. [PMID: 32909600 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Undergraduate and graduate medical education both have been reported to have high rates of depression, anxiety, and burnout as a result of the rigors of their educational curricula. Wellness, including physical fitness, is important to the profession because it may help mitigate these increased rates of depression and anxiety. While several studies examine physical fitness and academic performance in primary and secondary education, few studies have examined the association between fitness and performance in health professions education. Given the demands of medical school, this investigation aimed to investigate the possibility of an association between physical fitness and body mass index (BMI) with academic performance. Another goal was to examine the change in physical fitness and BMI throughout medical school. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized measures of physical fitness were examined in 192 Army students from the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences over 4 years from the classes of 2017-2019. Measurements include (1) body composition (BMI); (2) muscular endurance (timed push-ups); (3) aerobic endurance (timed run), and (4) total fitness defined as total points from sit-ups, run, and push-ups (everything but BMI). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between physical fitness and academic performance measures such as United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), and average core clerkship National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) exam scores. A repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences of students' fitness total points and BMI over 4 fitness measurements spanning approximately 1.7 years. RESULTS There were weak positive correlations, 0.20 and 0.22, between USMLE Step 2 CK exam scores and push-up points and total fitness points, respectively. There also were weak positive correlations, 0.21 and 0.24, between core clerkship average NBME exam scores and push-up points and total fitness points, respectively. No statistically significant change of individual students' fitness total point change was observed (F(2.52, 334.93 = 1.37, P = 0.26)). There was also no individual BMI change (F(2.36, 274.21 = 2.78, P = .06)) over the first four assessment measurements (about 1.7 years lapse). However, the class means over the four measurements showed a decrease of fitness total points and an increase of BMI. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation suggests that there may be correlations between physical fitness and clinical exam performance such as USMLE Step 2 CK and average core clerkship NBME exams. Although there is no statistically significant change in individual fitness total points or BMI, the study suggests that physical fitness and BMI may decline during medical school. This may be as a result of increasing academic demands while balancing clinical duties from clerkship rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Macky
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ting Dong
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dario Torre
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Raj Singaraju
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Internal Medicine Department, Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Steven J Durning
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Opposing associations between sedentary time and decision-making competence in young adults revealed by functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13993. [PMID: 32814816 PMCID: PMC7438333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
How daily physical activity and sedentary time relate to human judgement and functional connectivity (FC) patterns that support them remains underexplored. We investigated the relationships between accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time to decision-making competence (DMC) in young adults using a comprehensive Adult-Decision Making Competence battery. We applied graph theory measures of global and local efficiency to test the mediating effects of FC in cognitively salient brain networks (fronto-parietal; dorsal attention, DAN; ventral attention; and default mode), assessed from the resting-state fMRI. Sedentary time was related to lower susceptibility to a framing bias. However, once global and local efficiency of the DAN were considered we observed (1) higher susceptibility to framing with more sedentary time, mediated through lower local and global efficiency in the DAN, and (2) lower susceptibility to framing with more sedentary time. MVPA was not related to DMC or graph theory measures. These results suggest that remaining sedentary may reduce neurofunctional readiness for top-down control and decrease engagement of deliberate thought, required to ignore irrelevant aspects of a problem. The positive effect suggests that the relationship between sedentary time and DMC may be moderated by unmeasured factors such as the type of sedentary behavior.
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Jiang L, Cao Y, Ni S, Chen X, Shen M, Lv H, Hu J. Association of Sedentary Behavior With Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide Ideation in College Students. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:566098. [PMID: 33424653 PMCID: PMC7793895 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.566098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the association of sedentary behavior with anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation in multi-centered college students in China. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the first-year college student population. The students underwent a questionnaire survey inquiring about sedentary behavior (hours per day) and physical activity (minutes per week) during the past year. Anxiety, depression, and sleep quality were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Mixed models were used to estimate the associations, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were presented as the effect size. Mediation effect analysis was conducted to test the mediation effect of PSQI. Results: A total of 28,298 participants (response rate: 82%) completed the survey and were included in the final analyses. Crude and adjusted estimates consistently showed that both sedentary behavior and physical activity were significantly associated with mental illnesses. Sedentary behavior was positively associated with anxiety, depression, and suicidal behavior in a dose-response manner (AOR: 0.54-0.24; ≥7 h/day as reference), independent from the effect of physical activity (AOR: 0.78-0.41; no physical activity as reference). The association of sedentary behavior with mental health was partly mediated by sleep quality (25-71%). Conclusions: There is an independent dose-response association of sedentary behavior with mental well-being among college students in China, and this association may be partially attributable to impaired sleep quality. Attention should be drawn and actions should be taken by college educators and mental health providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Social and Behavioral Predictors of Adolescents' Positive Attitude towards Life and Self. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224404. [PMID: 31717962 PMCID: PMC6888235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positive attitude is an important cognitive component of optimism. Although optimism has been widely studied in adolescents’ health, there is limited knowledge about social and behavioral determinants of their positive attitude. The aim of this study was to identify the main predictors of a positive attitude towards life and self in adolescence. Data were collected in 2010 from 2562 Polish adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years old, within the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey. A positive attitude was measured using the 4-item Positive Attitude Scale (PAS). Univariate analysis of variance was conducted and then hierarchical linear regression models adjusted for gender, age and family affluence were estimated. The mean PAS score was 13.25 (SD = 3.74), on the scale ranged 0–20. Eight out of 18 variables were included in the final model, which explained 25.1% of PAS variability. Communication in the family and with peers, as well as neighborhood social capital showed the strongest impact on positive attitude in adolescents. Physical activity, eating breakfast and school performance were also found to be important predictors. The results of the study highlight the need to include the development of interpersonal competences, promoting physical activity and supporting school performance, in adolescents’ mental health promotion programs, particularly in girls.
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32
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Call for Papers: Towards Preventive Health Care through Digital Technologies. J Biomed Inform 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Druckman A, Gatersleben B. A time-use approach: high subjective wellbeing, low carbon leisure. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-04-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the question: which leisure activities are relatively low carbon and conducive to high levels of subjective wellbeing? Underlying this question is the premise that to combat climate change, carbon emissions must be radically reduced. Technological change alone will not be sufficient: lifestyles must also change. Whereas mainstream strategies generally address the challenge of reducing carbon emissions through reviewing consumption, approaching it through the lens of how we use our time, in particular, leisure time, may be a promising complementary avenue.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper brings together three areas of research that are hitherto largely unlinked: subjective wellbeing/happiness studies, studies on how we use our time and studies on low-carbon lifestyles.
Findings
The paper shows that low-carbon leisure activities conducive to high subjective wellbeing include social activities such as spending time in the home with family and friends, and physical activities that involve challenge such as partaking in sports. However, depending how they are done, some such activities may induce high carbon emissions, especially through travel. Therefore, appropriate local infrastructure, such as local sports and community centres, is required, along with facilities for active travel. Policymaking developed from a time-use perspective would encourage investment to support this.
Originality/value
Win–win opportunities for spending leisure time engaged in activities conducive to high subjective wellbeing in low carbon ways are identified. This is done by bringing three research topics together in a novel way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Wasserman
- Professor of Psychiatry and Suicidology National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental lll‐Health (NASP) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Methods Development and Training in Suicide Prevention Stockholm Sweden
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35
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Hegberg NJ, Hayes JP, Hayes SM. Exercise Intervention in PTSD: A Narrative Review and Rationale for Implementation. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:133. [PMID: 30949075 PMCID: PMC6437073 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prominent mental health problem in veteran and community populations. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that aerobic exercise may serve as an effective treatment option for individuals with PTSD. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature exploring aerobic exercise and PTSD and briefly discuss potential mechanisms of PTSD symptom reduction. A search of electronic databases and reference sections of relevant articles published through October 1, 2018 revealed 19 relevant studies that examined aerobic exercise and PTSD symptomatology. A narrative review of extant studies provides encouraging evidence that aerobic exercise interventions alone or as an adjunct to standard treatment may positively impact PTSD symptoms. Potential mechanisms by which aerobic exercise could exert a positive impact in PTSD include exposure and desensitization to internal arousal cues, enhanced cognitive function, exercise-induced neuroplasticity, normalization of hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) function, and reductions in inflammatory markers. Randomized clinical trials and translational neuroscience approaches are required to clarify the efficacy of exercise intervention for PTSD and elucidate potential mechanisms of exercise-induced PTSD symptom reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J. Hegberg
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Memory Disorders Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jasmeet P. Hayes
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Scott M. Hayes
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Memory Disorders Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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36
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Screening preoperative anxiety – when does it relate to the quality of life among patients before total joint replacement? Preliminary reports. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2019.85660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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37
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Lin TW, Tsai SF, Kuo YM. Physical Exercise Enhances Neuroplasticity and Delays Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Plast 2018; 4:95-110. [PMID: 30564549 PMCID: PMC6296269 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that exercise can improve learning and memory as well as attenuate neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and function in various brain regions, exercise also modulates systems like angiogenesis and glial activation that are known to support neuroplasticity. Moreover, exercise helps to maintain a cerebral microenvironment that facilitates synaptic plasticity by enhancing the clearance of Aβ, one of the main culprits of AD pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the positive impacts of exercise on promoting neuroplasticity. Possible mechanisms involved in exercise-modulated neuroplasticity are also discussed. Undoubtedly, more studies are needed to design an optimal personalized exercise protocol for enhancing brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kim SY, Jeon SW, Shin DW, Oh KS, Shin YC, Lim SW. Association between physical activity and depressive symptoms in general adult populations: An analysis of the dose-response relationship. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:258-263. [PMID: 30170283 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the dose-response relationship between physical activity and depression. We collected data from 99,846 participants who had no medical contraindications to exercise. Using the short-form Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, total physical activity was computed in metabolic equivalents (METs). We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Rating Scale for Depression to assess depressive symptoms and set a cut off score of 21. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine any relationships. To assess the effect of sex difference on the association between physical activity and depression, we stratified our data by sex. Compared with the sedentary group (0-600 METs-min/week), 1-15 times the recommended minimum physical activity was associated with a significantly lower risk of depression in all adults. The optimal range for a lower risk of depression was 2-3 times the recommended minimum. After stratifying our data by sex, we found that optimal ranges were 10-15 times the recommended minimum physical activity in men and 3-5 times in women. This study established a U-shaped dose-response relationship between physical activity and depression. The optimal range and upper threshold for anti-depression effect of physical activity were higher in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seob Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Won Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Liu HY, Chang CC, Gill DL, Wu SC, Lu FJH. Male Weight Trainers' Body Dissatisfaction and Exercise Dependence: Mediating Role of Muscularity Drive. Psychol Rep 2018; 122:2137-2154. [PMID: 30360688 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118805010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In considering that body image-related perceptions may be associated with weight trainers’ exercise dependence, the purpose of this study was to examine the (a) relationship between body dissatisfaction and drive for muscularity and (b) drive for muscularity as a mediator of the body dissatisfaction–exercise dependence relationship. In sum, 278 male weight trainers ( Mage =29.03 years, SD = 7.83) residing in a southern city of Taiwan completed scales of body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity, and exercise dependence. Pearson correlation analysis found that body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity, and exercise dependence were all correlated. Further, the indirect mediation model with bootstrapping found that drive for muscularity partially mediated the body dissatisfaction–exercise dependence relationship (c path: β = .51, SE = 0.07, p=.001: c′ path: β = .13, SE = 0.80, p = .03). We concluded that male weight trainers’ body image-related perceptions influence exercise behavior and suggested that body image-related perceptions might be considered in studying exercise dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Liu
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, Chinese Culture University, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chen Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Diane L Gill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - Shu-Ching Wu
- Center for General Education, Ling-Tung University, Taiwan
| | - Frank J H Lu
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taiwan
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Bernard P, Doré I, Romain AJ, Hains-Monfette G, Kingsbury C, Sabiston C. Dose response association of objective physical activity with mental health in a representative national sample of adults: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204682. [PMID: 30356252 PMCID: PMC6200189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although higher physical activity (PA) levels are associated with better mental health, previous findings about the shape of the dose–response relationship between PA and mental health are inconsistent. Furthermore, this association may differ according to sedentary levels. We investigated the cross-sectional dose-response associations between objectively measured PA and mental health in a representative national sample of adults. We also examined whether sedentary time modified the PA—mental health associations. Based on 2007–2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey data, PA and sedentary time were measured using accelerometry among 8150 participants, aged 20 to 79 years. Generalized additive models with a smooth function were fitted to examine associations between minutes per day of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), daily steps (combined or not with sedentary time) and self-rated mental health. A significant curvilinear relationship between average daily minutes of MVPA and mental health was observed, with increasing benefits up to 50 minutes/day. For LPA, a more complex shape (monotonic and curvilinear) was found. For daily steps, inverted U-shaped curve suggested increasing benefits until a plateau between 5 000 and 16 000 steps. The MVPA-LPA combination was significantly associated with mental health but with a complex pattern (p < 0.0005E-06). The tested PA-sedentary time combinations showed that increasing sedentary time decreased the positive PA-mental health associations. Non-linear dose-response patterns between the PA modalities and self-reported mental health were observed. Optimal doses of daily minutes of MVPA, LPA, MVPA combined with LPA and daily steps are independently associated with better mental health in adults. The results also suggest that PA-mental health associations could be hampered by daily sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paquito Bernard
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed-Jérôme Romain
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Hains-Monfette
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Celia Kingsbury
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Sabiston
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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The Impact of Behavioral and Psychological Factors on Physical Fitness in Medical and Nursing Students. Holist Nurs Pract 2018; 32:125-132. [PMID: 29642126 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity improves general health and quality of life. A stressful academic environment can increase both physical and mental health disruptions in medical and nursing students, negatively impacting physical activity and fitness. We explored the relationship between the fitness profiles of 202 medical and graduate nursing students with self-reported levels of general and emotional health to elucidate the role of the psychosocial factors involved in choosing to exercise.
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Dillon CB, McMahon E, O'Regan G, Perry IJ. Associations between physical behaviour patterns and levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety and well-being in middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study using isotemporal substitution models. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018978. [PMID: 29358436 PMCID: PMC5781191 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the compositional effects of physical behaviour on mental health. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A population-representative random sample (Mitchelstown cohort) was recruited from a large primary care centre in Mitchelstown, County Cork, Ireland. PARTICIPANTS In total 3807 potential participants were selected from the practice list. Following exclusion of duplicates, deaths and ineligibles, 3043 were invited to participate and of these, 2047 (49.2% men) completed the questionnaire and physical examination components of the baseline assessment during the study period (April 2010 and May 2011). Accelerometers were introduced into the study in January 2011. Of the 745 participants seen between January and May of 2011, 475 (44.6% men) subjects (response rate 64%) agreed to participate and of these 397 (46.1% men) had valid accelerometer data. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Participants wore the wrist GENEActiv accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Data were summarised into 60 s epochs and activity categorised as sedentary behaviour, light or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 well-being scale. RESULTS In adjusted isotemporal models, a 30 min increase in light activity per day was associated with a significant decrease in levels of anxiety symptoms (B=-0.34; 95% CI -0.64 to -0.04) and a significant increase in levels of well-being (B=0.58; 95% CI 0.05 to 1.11). No statistically significant associations were observed between any physical behaviour and depressive symptoms or when sedentary behaviour was substituted with MVPA (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Although based on a cross-sectional study, the findings suggest that substituting light activity for sedentary behaviour may have positive associations with symptoms of anxiety and reported well-being among middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Dillon
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elaine McMahon
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Grace O'Regan
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan J Perry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Marquez-Arrico JE, Río-Martínez L, Navarro JF, Prat G, Adan A. Personality Profile and Clinical Correlates of Patients With Substance Use Disorder With and Without Comorbid Depression Under Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:764. [PMID: 30687142 PMCID: PMC6336829 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Among patients with substance use disorder (SUD), major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent. Even though, personality plays an important role in treatment outcomes for individuals with SUD and SUD + MDD, few studies have explored personality characteristics in these samples. This study aims to describe personality for patients with SUD taking into account the comorbid MDD, using the Alternative Five Factor Model (AFFM). We also aim to compare SUD + MDD patients with population norms and to elucidate possible personality clinical correlates. Methods: For our study, 116 male patients undergoing for SUD treatment were divided in two groups: SUD only (N = 58) and SUD + MDD (N = 58). To examine personality, we used the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire and multiple analyses of covariance were performed to identify differences. In a first analysis, age was introduced as a covariate whereas in a second analysis the continuous variables that showed to have a discriminant value for the groups were added as covariates. Variables predicting the presence of dual diagnosis and personality clinical correlates were analyzed by logistic and linear regression models, respectively. We observed that patients with SUD + MDD show distinctive personality characteristics compared with patients with SUD only and population norms. Results: According to the AFFM, SUD + MDD patients are characterized by higher Neuroticism-Anxiety (positively associated to depressive symptoms) and Impulsivity; and by lower Parties and Friends. Moreover, the probability of having a dual depressive disorder was represented by the amount of medications and substances used. The preference for hard work and the energy self-reported levels (Work Activity trait) are linked to these clinical variables rather than to the presence/absence of a dual depressive disorder. Conclusions: Even when controlling clinical variables related to a higher probability of having a dual depressive disorder, the Neuroticism-Anxiety is a personality trait that strongly differentiates between SUD only and SUD + MDD patients. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of this personality trait as endophenotype in dual depressive men. Our results underline the importance of a dimensional understanding of personality and its clinical correlates among patients with SUD + MDD; this approach could provide us information on specific treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Elena Marquez-Arrico
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Río-Martínez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Prat
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Petzold MB, Bischoff S, Rogoll J, Plag J, Terán C, Brand R, Ströhle A. Physical activity in outpatients with mental disorders: status, measurement and social cognitive determinants of health behavior change. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:639-650. [PMID: 28194516 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) can play an important role in improving the mental and physical health in patients with mental disorders but is not well studied in this population. The aim of this study was to assess the status of PA in outpatients with mental disorders, compare the convergence of self-rating and accelerometer measurement and examine the influence of social cognitive variables from the Motivation-Volition (MoVo) model and clinical measures on PA. METHODS Eighty-four patients were recruited from three psychiatric outpatient clinics and local psychiatrists (Distribution of ICD-10-Diagnoses: F3.x = 59.5%, F4.x = 20.2%, F2.x = 17.9%, F1.x = 2.4%). PA, Self-efficacy, Outcome-expectancies, Intention, Self-concordance, Action- and Coping-planning, Health-related Quality of Life (SF-12) and Psychiatric Symptoms (SCL-27) were assessed through questionnaires. PA was assessed objectively by accelerometers. RESULTS Most of the participants did not reach PA recommendations. Subjective and objective measurement of PA showed good accordance for total PA on group level but lower accordance on individual level. Motivational and volitional determinants of health behavior change showed a similar pattern of correlations with PA as in populations without mental disorders. CONCLUSION Outpatients with mental disorders have the ability and are willing to perform PA but a large proportion of our sample did not meet PA recommendations. To assess group levels of PA, subjective and objective measurement seem equally apt, for individual diagnostics, a combination of both should be considered. Social cognitive determinants of health behavior change seem to be as helpful for the design of PA interventions for patients with mental disorders as they are in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz B Petzold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Bischoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Rogoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Plag
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Terán
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Hedwig Klinikum, Große Hamburger Straße 5-11, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Brand
- Sport and Exercise Psychology, Universität Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Novak D, Štefan L, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Milanović I, Janić SR, Kawachi I. Factors associated with good self-rated health in European adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Public Health 2017; 62:971-979. [PMID: 28698897 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate self-reported health status and associated factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 6501 adolescents (52% females) aged 14-19 years from three European countries: Croatia, Lithuania and Serbia. Self-rated health was assessed by using one item question: "How would you perceive your health?" The answers were arranged along a 5-point Likert-type scale: (1) very poor, (2) poor, (3) fair, (4) good and (5) excellent. The outcome was binarized as "good" (fair, good and excellent) and "poor" health (very poor and poor). Potential factors associated with self-rated health included demographic (age, gender, socioeconomic status and body-mass index), social (social capital) and lifestyle (physical activity and psychological distress) variables. RESULTS In both univariate and multivariate models, being older, being a boy, having higher level of family, neighbourhood and school social capital, participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity more frequently and having low psychological distress were associated with good self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest strong associations between social and lifestyle factors and self-rated health. Other explanatory variables will require future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Faculty of Sports Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Faculty of Sports Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Radovic S, Gordon MS, Melvin GA. Should we recommend exercise to adolescents with depressive symptoms? A meta-analysis. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:214-220. [PMID: 28070942 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the potential role of exercise in the reduction of depressive symptoms. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine whether exercise reduces depressive symptoms amongst depressed adolescents. The following databases were searched on 30 January 2015: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscuss and PUBMED. Studies were included if they examined exercise interventions amongst adolescents with clinical levels of depressive symptoms, were published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language and contained a control/comparison group. Of 6631 retrieved studies, eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model due to the high level of heterogeneity identified amongst studies ( I 2 = 65.1, P < .005). The analysis revealed a moderate reduction in depressive symptoms post-intervention (Hedge's g = -0.61, P = .007). This analysis provides preliminary evidence that exercise is effective in reducing symptoms of depression among adolescents with clinical levels of depressive symptoms. The present meta-analysis, however, is limited by the generally low quality of included studies, high level of between-study heterogeneity and restriction of inclusion criteria to published studies. Further high-quality trials with depressed adolescents are needed to determine the efficacy of exercise in the reduction of depressive symptoms and the exercise parameters associated with the antidepressant effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Radovic
- Centre of Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Gordon
- Centre of Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Early in Life Mental Health Services, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn A Melvin
- Centre of Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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McMahon EM, Corcoran P, O'Regan G, Keeley H, Cannon M, Carli V, Wasserman C, Hadlaczky G, Sarchiapone M, Apter A, Balazs J, Balint M, Bobes J, Brunner R, Cozman D, Haring C, Iosue M, Kaess M, Kahn JP, Nemes B, Podlogar T, Poštuvan V, Sáiz P, Sisask M, Tubiana A, Värnik P, Hoven CW, Wasserman D. Physical activity in European adolescents and associations with anxiety, depression and well-being. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:111-122. [PMID: 27277894 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, physical activity, sport participation and associations with well-being, anxiety and depressive symptoms were examined in a large representative sample of European adolescents. A school-based survey was completed by 11,110 adolescents from ten European countries who took part in the SEYLE (Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe) study. The questionnaire included items assessing physical activity, sport participation and validated instruments assessing well-being (WHO-5), depressive symptoms (BDI-II) and anxiety (SAS). Multi-level mixed effects linear regression was used to examine associations between physical activity/sport participation and mental health measures. A minority of the sample (17.9 % of boys and 10.7 % of girls; p < 0.0005) reported sufficient activity based on WHO guidelines (60 min + daily). The mean number of days of at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous activity in the past 2 weeks was 7.5 ± 4.4 among boys and 5.9 days ± 4.3 among girls. Frequency of activity was positively correlated with well-being and negatively correlated with both anxiety and depressive symptoms, up to a threshold of moderate frequency of activity. In a multi-level mixed effects model more frequent physical activity and participation in sport were both found to independently contribute to greater well-being and lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in both sexes. Increasing activity levels and sports participation among the least active young people should be a target of community and school-based interventions to promote well-being. There does not appear to be an additional benefit to mental health associated with meeting the WHO-recommended levels of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M McMahon
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Paul Corcoran
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Grace O'Regan
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Wasserman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gergö Hadlaczky
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Sarchiapone
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy
| | - Alan Apter
- Schneider Children's Medical Centre of Israel, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Judit Balazs
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Balint
- Pedagogical Consultation Services, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julio Bobes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doina Cozman
- Clinical Psychology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Christian Haring
- Department Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tirol Kliniken, Hospital Hall in Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Iosue
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michael Kaess
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Bogdan Nemes
- Clinical Psychology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tina Podlogar
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marusic Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Vita Poštuvan
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marusic Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Pilar Sáiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Merike Sisask
- Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute (ERSI), Tallinn, Estonia.,School of Governance, Law and Society, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Alexandra Tubiana
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Peeter Värnik
- Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute (ERSI), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Christina W Hoven
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wu X, Tao S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Chen K, Yang Y, Hao J, Tao F. Impact of screen time on mental health problems progression in youth: a 1-year follow-up study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011533. [PMID: 28186926 PMCID: PMC5129036 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the relationships between screen time (ST) and mental health problems and also increment of ST and progression of mental health problems in a college-based sample of Chinese youth. METHODS We assessed 2521 Chinese college freshmen from October 2013 to December 2014. At baseline, the mean age of participants was 18.43 years (SD 0.96 years), and 1215 (48.2%) participants reported ST >2 h/day. We estimated multivariable-adjusted ORs by using logistic regression models for the risk of developing mental health problems (anxiety, depression and psychopathological symptoms) and/or progression of these problems, according to baseline ST exposure and changes in exposure at follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, when ST >2 h/day was compared with ST ≤2 h/day, the OR was 1.38 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.65) for anxiety, 1.55 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.93) for depression and 1.49 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.83) for psychopathological symptoms. The results remained unchanged for depressive and psychopathological symptoms but not for anxiety, after additional adjustment for sex, age, residential background, body mass index, perceived family economy, sleep quality, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise after school and physical activity. When participants who had increased their ST exposure to >2 h/day were compared with those with no change and ST ≤2 h/day, the OR was 1.78 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.83) for anxiety, 1.92 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.83) for depression and 1.93 (95% CI 1.16 to 3.21) for psychopathological symptoms. These associations also remained after additional adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The overall effects are consistent yet small for ST/ST increment on mental health problems and its progression. Given the small effect size of the current results, it remains unclear the degree to which ST is a practically significant risk factor for mental health outcomes. Future studies of high quality are necessary to further examine this association and the direction of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Physical Education, School of General Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
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Burrow S. Trampled Autonomy: Women, Athleticism, and Health. IJFAB: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FEMINIST APPROACHES TO BIOETHICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3138/ijfab.9.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Philosophical analysis has paid scant attention to the gender inequalities women athletes face compared to the myriad ways in which social science shows that athleticism values masculinity and devalues femininity. Athletic endeavors diverging from gendered norms are sexualized, feminized, devalued, and delegitimized. A philosophical analysis reveals deep and serious double binds constraining women's autonomy to engage and succeed in sport and thus to participate in a major social institution granting status and recognition. More importantly, these constraints to autonomy undermine women's choices to promote and preserve health.
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Gustat J, Carton TW, Shahien AA, Andersen L. Body Image Satisfaction Among Blacks. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2016; 44:131-140. [PMID: 27216795 DOI: 10.1177/1090198116644181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Satisfaction with body image is a factor related to health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between body image satisfaction and body size perception in an urban, Black community sample in New Orleans, Louisiana. Only 42.2% of respondents were satisfied with their body image and 44.1% correctly perceived their body size. Most respondents chose an ideal image in the normal body mass index range with over half choosing an ideal image smaller than their actual size. Misperception was greatest among the heaviest respondents. Females, those who overestimated their size, those with an education beyond high school, and those who were active in order to lose weight were less likely to be satisfied ( p < .001). Those who were active but not trying to lose weight were more likely to be satisfied ( p < .001). This suggests that perception of and satisfaction with body size may play a role in health behavior decisions.
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