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Speyer LG, Obsuth I, Eisner M, Ribeaud D, Murray AL. Does Prosociality in Early-to Mid-Adolescence Protect Against Later Development of Antisocial Behaviours? THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2024; 44:1124-1153. [PMID: 39372428 PMCID: PMC11446672 DOI: 10.1177/02724316231210254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Connections between prosociality and antisocial behaviors have been recognized; however, little research has studied their developmental links longitudinally. This is important to illuminate during early adolescence as a sensitive period for social development in which prosociality could protect against the development of later antisocial behaviors. This study investigates the within-person developmental links between prosociality and antisocial behaviors, as well as a potential mediating role of peer relationships, across ages 11, 13, and 15 (N = 1526; 51% male) using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models. Results indicated that neither self-reported nor teacher-reported prosociality was associated with reduced aggressive behaviors but suggested a direct protective ('promotive') effect of teacher-reported prosociality on bullying perpetration. These findings suggest that promoting prosociality in early adolescence may help reduce some antisocial behaviors over early to mid-adolescent development. Improving prosociality could be explored as a target in intervention approaches such as school-based anti-bullying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Eisner
- University of Cambridge, UK
- University of Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Liles SM, Olsavsky AL, Chen D, Grannis C, Hoskinson KR, Leibowitz SF, Nelson EE, Stanek CJ, Strang JF, Nahata L. Depression and anxiety in transgender and non-binary adolescents: prevalence and associations between adolescent and caregiver reports. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:4711-4719. [PMID: 39196327 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Transgender/non-binary (TNB) adolescents are at increased risk for mental health concerns, and caregiver awareness is important to facilitate access to care. Yet, limited research has examined caregiver awareness of TNB mental health. Thus, we examined (1) the prevalence of internalizing symptoms (depression, generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social anxiety) among TNB adolescents and (2) associations between adolescent and caregiver reports of adolescent mental health symptoms. TNB adolescents (N = 75) aged 12-18 and a caregiver were recruited from a multidisciplinary gender clinic in Ohio. Adolescents self-reported their mental health symptoms via the CDI and SCARED. Caregivers reported their perceptions of the adolescent's mental health symptoms via the CASI-5. Descriptive statistics assessed participant characteristics, adolescent self-reported mental health symptoms, and caregiver proxy reports of adolescent mental health symptoms. Pearson's correlations and scatterplots were used to compare adolescent and caregiver reports and McNemar tests assessed if the differences were statistically significant. Most TNB adolescents reported elevated symptoms of depression (59%), generalized anxiety (75%), separation anxiety (52%), and social anxiety (78%). Caregiver and adolescent reports were significantly correlated for depression (r = .36, p = .002), separation anxiety (r = .39, p < .001), and social anxiety (r = .47, p < .001). Caregiver and adolescent reports of generalized anxiety were not significantly correlated (r = .21, p = .08). McNemar tests were significant (all p < .001), such that adolescents' reports met clinical cutoffs far more than their caregivers' reports. CONCLUSIONS Though adolescent and caregiver reports were low to moderately correlated, youth reports were consistently higher, suggesting the importance of interventions to increase caregiver understanding of TNB adolescent mental health. WHAT IS KNOWN • Transgender/non-binary adolescents are at high risk for mental health concerns and caregivers are essential to coordinate care. WHAT IS NEW • This study expands the diagnostic mental health sub-categories examined in transgender/non-binary adolescents, noting elevated symptoms of separation and social anxiety. • Transgender/non-binary adolescents reported more symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, and social anxiety than caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Liles
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 431 S 18th St,, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Anna L Olsavsky
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 431 S 18th St,, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Diane Chen
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Connor Grannis
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 431 S 18th St,, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Kristen R Hoskinson
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 431 S 18th St,, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Scott F Leibowitz
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric E Nelson
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 431 S 18th St,, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charis J Stanek
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 431 S 18th St,, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - John F Strang
- Center for Neuroscience, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Psychiatry, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leena Nahata
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 431 S 18th St,, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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3
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Buderer C, Kirsch T, Pérez T, Swenson CC, Schmid M. Differential Treatment Responses of Maltreated and Neglected Children and Adolescents Following an Evidence-based Multisystemic Intervention. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01248-z. [PMID: 39400650 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Limited studies have investigated differential treatment responses to family-based treatment programs and subgroup trajectories in youth in a high-risk context. This study pioneered an examination of Multisystemic Therapy for Child Abuse and Neglect (MST-CAN) and built on prior research that identified subgroups with different psychopathologies. Participants included 208 parent-child dyads enrolled in the MST-CAN evaluation in Switzerland. Parents reported their children's (Mage = 10.27 years, SDage = 3.5, 44.2% girls, 55.8% boys, 98.6% White) emotional and behavioral problems. Longitudinal data were examined to analyze the differential changes within the pre- and post-treatment (T1 and T2) subgroups. The T1 cluster and T2 cluster were cross-tabulated to examine changes in the symptom class over time. Overall, the treatment proved to be highly beneficial. Subgroup analyses revealed that four out of the five subgroups (80%) showed positive changes in at least two outcome measures. The treatment was most successful for children with externalizing symptoms. Children with multiple symptoms also showed improvements across different symptoms. Regarding specific symptoms, children with anxious-avoidant symptoms benefited from the treatment. Additionally, the treatment was beneficial for children with normative emotions and behavior. Meanwhile, the treatment did not have any significant effects for children with internalizing symptoms. Notably, child neglect was reduced in three (60%) subgroups. The symptom class remained stable across time for children with externalizing and multiple symptoms. Ultimately, MST-CAN reduced emotional and behavioral problems and child neglect in most families. Understanding children's differential treatment responses to complex treatment programs is essential to adequately address different needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Buderer
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Services Aargau AG, Windisch, Switzerland.
| | - Tom Kirsch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tania Pérez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Cupit Swenson
- Division of Global and Community Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Marc Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Tsujimoto KC, Anagnostou E, Birken CS, Charach A, Cost KT, Kelley E, Monga S, Nicolson R, Georgiades S, Lee N, Osokin K, Burton CL, Crosbie J, Korczak DJ. The Effect of Screen Time and Positive School Factors in the Pathway to Child and Youth Mental Health Outcomes. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01252-3. [PMID: 39387981 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Beyond achievement, educational settings offer informal supports that may be critical for child and youth mental health. However, children's educational environments have experienced significant disruption with the coronavirus pandemic. School settings offer unique opportunities to support children's mental health, but research must identify powerful points of intervention. This study examined school factors (aspirations, perceived competence, sense of belonging, and emotional engagement) as predictors of children's mental health, and the potential consequences of increasing screen time in and outside of school. Participants (N = 707) were parents and their children (6-18 years) from community and clinical settings who completed prospective surveys about children's school experiences and mental health symptoms (November 2020-May 2022). Standardized measures of depression, anxiety, irritability, inattention, and hyperactivity were collected. Structural equation modelling tested longitudinal associations between screen time, school factors, and mental health outcomes. Positive associations between each of the school factors (B = 0.14 [SE = 0.04] to B = 0.43 [SE = 0.04]) suggested they may reinforce one another. Longitudinally, sense of belonging and emotional engagement at school predicted lower severity for symptoms of depression, anxiety, irritability, and inattention (B=-0.14 [SE = 0.07] to B =-0.33 [SE = 0.10]). Greater screen time was associated with lower aspirations and perceived competence (B = - 0.08 [SE = 0.04] to B = - 0.13 [SE = 0.06]). Results suggest that school factors beyond achievement may be key correlates of child and youth mental health. While curriculum expectations emphasize academic achievement, an investment in supporting positive attitudes and aspirations at school is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alice Charach
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Suneeta Monga
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Lee
- Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Christie L Burton
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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5
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Black L, Panayiotou M, Humphrey N. Estimating adolescent mental health in the general population: current challenges and opportunities. Lancet Psychiatry 2024:S2215-0366(24)00254-2. [PMID: 39395427 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of change and increased mental health difficulties, which are important for lifetime outcomes. Adolescent mental health is therefore an active research area, with large samples often drawing on self-report general measures (ie, not disorder-specific or focused on a narrow outcome). We argue that these measures have a key role in our understanding of issues such as prevalence, antecedents, prevention, and intervention, however, measurement has been given little attention and high-quality measures do not tend to be available or used. We offer insights into historical and psychometric challenges that have contributed to current problems and highlight the implications of relying on poor measures, which at their worst can be biased and unethical. We make recommendations for research and practice on selecting measures and improving the evidence base and make a call to action to reject low-quality measurement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Black
- Manchester Institute of Education, School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Margarita Panayiotou
- Manchester Institute of Education, School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Humphrey
- Manchester Institute of Education, School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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6
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Amédée LM, Cyr C, Hébert M. Profiles of self-regulation and their association with behavior problems among sexually abused children. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39363734 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to delineate profiles of self-regulation among sexually abused children and their association with behavior problems using a person-centered approach. A sample of 223 children aged six to 12, their parents, and teachers were recruited in specialized intervention centers. Latent profile analysis revealed four profiles: (1) Dysregulated, (2) Inhibited, (3) Flexibly Regulated, and (4) Parent Perceived Self-Regulation. Children from the Flexibly Regulated profile showed relatively low behavior problems, and those from the Dysregulated profile were characterized by high behavior problems. Children from the Parent Perceived Self-Regulation profile showed overall good adaptation, although teachers reported higher behavior problems than parents. Children from the Inhibited profile, characterized by the highest level of inhibition but low parent-rated emotion regulation competencies and executive functions, showed the highest level of internalizing behavior problems, indicating that high inhibition does not necessarily translate to better adaptation. Results also show a moderation effect of sex. Being assigned to the Inhibited profile was associated with decreased externalizing behaviors in boys and increased internalizing behaviors in girls. This study underscores the complexity of self-regulation in sexually abused children and supports the need to adopt a multi-method and multi-informant approach when assessing these children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal Cyr
- Department of psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Department of sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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7
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Kanel D, Fox NA, Pine DS, Zeanah CH, Nelson CA, McLaughlin KA, Sheridan MA. Altered associations between white matter structure and psychopathology in previously institutionalized adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101440. [PMID: 39241456 PMCID: PMC11405635 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously institutionalized adolescents show increased risk for psychopathology, though placement into high-quality foster care can partially mitigate this risk. White matter (WM) structure is associated with early institutional rearing and psychopathology in youth. Here we investigate associations between WM structure and psychopathology in previously institutionalized youth. Adolescent psychopathology data were collected using the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire. Participants underwent diffusion MRI, and data were processed using fixel-based analyses. General linear models investigated interactions between institutionalization groups and psychopathology on fixel metrics. Supplementary analyses also examined the main effects of psychopathology and institutionalization group on fixel metrics. Ever-Institutionalized children included 41 randomized to foster care (Mage=16.6), and 40 to care-as-usual (Mage=16.7)). In addition, 33 participants without a history of institutionalization were included as a reference group (Mage=16.9). Ever-Institutionalized adolescents displayed altered general psychopathology-fixel associations within the cerebellar peduncles, inferior longitudinal fasciculi, corticospinal tract, and corpus callosum, and altered externalizing-fixel associations within the cingulum and fornix. Our findings indicate brain-behavior associations reported in the literature may not be generalizable to all populations. Previously institutionalized youth may develop differential brain development, which in turn leads to altered neural correlates of psychopathology that are still apparent in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kanel
- Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, United States; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, United States.
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Charles H Zeanah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Graduate School of Education, United States
| | | | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
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8
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Guillemot F, Lacroix F, Nocus I. Subjective well-being and social inclusion at school for students with a disability, according to their parents, in France. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 153:104814. [PMID: 39142087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing inclusive, quality education for all children is one of the United Nations' sustainable development goals for 2030. AIMS The aim of this study, carried out in France among 491 parents of children with a disability aged 3 to 18 and enrolled in ordinary schools, is to measure the well-being and social inclusion of children and to identify the factors that promote well-being and social inclusion at school. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The parents fill in various questionnaires relating to the well-being and social inclusion of their child, the quality of their relationship with the teacher and their satisfaction with the accommodations offered at school. They also provide information about their child and their socio-economic situation. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Regression analyses show that well-being and social inclusion depend on the nature of the child's disability and decrease with age but do not significantly depend on child's gender and academic level or social background. Furthermore, well-being and social inclusion can be significantly improved when the quality of the parent-teacher relationship and school accommodations are satisfying. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results of this study encourage the development of quality parent-teacher relationships to promote well-being at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Guillemot
- Nantes Université, Centre de recherche en éducation de Nantes, CREN, UR 2661, Nantes F-44000, France.
| | - Florence Lacroix
- Nantes Université, Centre de recherche en éducation de Nantes, CREN, UR 2661, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Isabelle Nocus
- Nantes Université, Centre de recherche en éducation de Nantes, CREN, UR 2661, Nantes F-44000, France
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9
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Chen PY, Jia F, Wu W, Wang MH, Chao TY. Dealing with missing data in multi-informant studies: A comparison of approaches. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6498-6519. [PMID: 38418689 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Multi-informant studies are popular in social and behavioral science. However, their data analyses are challenging because data from different informants carry both shared and unique information and are often incomplete. Using Monte Carlo Simulation, the current study compares three approaches that can be used to analyze incomplete multi-informant data when there is a distinction between reference and nonreference informants. These approaches include a two-method measurement model for planned missing data (2MM-PMD), treating nonreference informants' reports as auxiliary variables with the full-information maximum likelihood method or multiple imputation, and listwise deletion. The result suggests that 2MM-PMD, when correctly specified and data are missing at random, has the best overall performance among the examined approaches regarding point estimates, type I error rates, and statistical power. In addition, it is also more robust to data that are not missing at random.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106308.
| | - Fan Jia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Tzi-Yang Chao
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106308
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10
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Fjermestad KW, Norum FØ, Brask HS, Kodal A, Silverman WK, Heiervang ER, Wergeland GJ. Anxiety Symptom Trajectories Predict Depression Symptom Trajectories up to Four Years After CBT for Youth Anxiety Disorders. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:1503-1513. [PMID: 38878114 PMCID: PMC11461661 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Long-term data on depression symptoms after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth anxiety disorders are scant. We examined depression symptoms up to four years post CBT for anxiety addressing youth age and gender, family social class, and parent mental health as predictors. The sample comprised 179 youth (M age at pre-treatment = 11.5 years; SD = 2.1) in a randomized controlled trial. Clinically assessed anxiety diagnoses and youth and parent-reported anxiety and depression symptoms were measured before, after, and one and four years after CBT. Parent self-reported mental health was measured before CBT. We used regression analyses to determine whether full diagnostic recovery at post-CBT predicted depression trajectories across the four-year assessment period. We used growth curve models to determine whether anxiety trajectories predicted depression trajectories across the four-year assessment period. Youth who lost their anxiety diagnoses after CBT had significantly lower parent-reported depression levels over time, but not lower youth self-reported depression levels. The anxiety symptom trajectory predicted the depression symptom trajectory up to four years post-treatment. There was more explained variance for within-informant (youth-youth; parent-parent) than cross-informants. Being older, female, having lower socio-economic status and parents with poorer mental health were associated with more youth-rated depression over time. However, these demographic predictors were not significant when anxiety symptoms trajectories were added to the models. Successful CBT for anxiety in children is associated with less depression symptoms for as long as four years. Anxiety symptom improvement appears to be a stronger predictor that demographic variables and parent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister W Fjermestad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3a, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Siggerud, Norway.
| | - Fredrik Ø Norum
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3a, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene S Brask
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3a, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Kodal
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Gro Janne Wergeland
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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11
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Lei J, Leigh E, Charman T, Russell A, Hollocks MJ. Exploring the association between social camouflaging and self- versus caregiver-report discrepancies in anxiety and depressive symptoms in autistic and non-autistic socially anxious adolescents. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:2657-2674. [PMID: 38488015 PMCID: PMC11459877 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241238251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Social camouflaging or masking refers to strategies autistic individuals adopt to hide their autism persona when trying to fit in. It is unclear whether camouflaging is only applicable to social differences unique to autism, or more generally to any types of social difference, such as experiences of mental health difficulties. We asked 43 autistic and 39 non-autistic adolescents (aged 14-19 years, all of whom showed similarly high levels of social anxiety) and their primary caregivers to complete questionnaires about their mental health (anxiety and depression) and autistic traits, and adolescents self-reported camouflaging behaviours. We wondered if camouflaging may be used to hide mental health difficulties reported by young people and affect caregiver report on symptom severity. We found that adolescents who self-reported greater levels of autistic traits, anxiety and depression symptoms compared with their caregivers reported greater camouflaging. Adolescents who agreed on having high levels of autistic traits and anxiety symptoms with their caregivers reported greater camouflaging behaviours. We discuss how having high levels of autistic traits and anxiety may increase adolescents' camouflaging behaviours to hide social differences, which may contribute towards poor mental health outcomes. We think it is important to talk with adolescents about how camouflaging social and mental health difference can have negative impacts for mental health as well as possible positive social gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedi Lei
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Tony Charman
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Hollocks
- King’s College London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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12
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Michelini G, Carlisi CO, Eaton NR, Elison JT, Haltigan JD, Kotov R, Krueger RF, Latzman RD, Li JJ, Levin-Aspenson HF, Salum GA, South SC, Stanton K, Waldman ID, Wilson S. Where do neurodevelopmental conditions fit in transdiagnostic psychiatric frameworks? Incorporating a new neurodevelopmental spectrum. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:333-357. [PMID: 39279404 PMCID: PMC11403200 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Features of autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disorders, intellectual disabilities, and communication and motor disorders usually emerge early in life and are associated with atypical neurodevelopment. These "neurodevelopmental conditions" are grouped together in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 to reflect their shared characteristics. Yet, reliance on categorical diagnoses poses significant challenges in both research and clinical settings (e.g., high co-occurrence, arbitrary diagnostic boundaries, high within-disorder heterogeneity). Taking a transdiagnostic dimensional approach provides a useful alternative for addressing these limitations, accounting for shared underpinnings across neurodevelopmental conditions, and characterizing their common co-occurrence and developmental continuity with other psychiatric conditions. Neurodevelopmental features have not been adequately considered in transdiagnostic psychiatric frameworks, although this would have fundamental implications for research and clinical practices. Growing evidence from studies on the structure of neurodevelopmental and other psychiatric conditions indicates that features of neurodevelopmental conditions cluster together, delineating a "neurodevelopmental spectrum" ranging from normative to impairing profiles. Studies on shared genetic underpinnings, overlapping cognitive and neural profiles, and similar developmental course and efficacy of support/treatment strategies indicate the validity of this neurodevelopmental spectrum. Further, characterizing this spectrum alongside other psychiatric dimensions has clinical utility, as it provides a fuller view of an individual's needs and strengths, and greater prognostic utility than diagnostic categories. Based on this compelling body of evidence, we argue that incorporating a new neurodevelopmental spectrum into transdiagnostic frameworks has considerable potential for transforming our understanding, classification, assessment, and clinical practices around neurodevelopmental and other psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina O Carlisi
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jed T Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John D Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Youth Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - James J Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Giovanni A Salum
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para a Infância e Adolescência, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kasey Stanton
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sylia Wilson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Kribakaran S, DeCross SN, Odriozola P, McLaughlin KA, Gee DG. Developmental Differences in a Hippocampal-Cingulate Pathway Involved in Learned Safety Following Interpersonal Trauma Exposure. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)01932-4. [PMID: 39368629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.07.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nearly 65% of youth experience trauma, and up to one-third of youth with trauma exposure face profound mental health sequelae. There remains a need to elucidate factors that contribute to psychopathology following trauma exposure and optimize interventions for youth who do not benefit sufficiently from existing treatments. Here, we probe safety signal learning (SSL), which is a mechanism of fear reduction that leverages learned safety to inhibit fear in the presence of threat-associated stimuli and has been shown to attenuate fear via a hippocampal-cingulate--specifically, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)--pathway. METHOD The present study used behavioral and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging data to examine age-related associations between interpersonal trauma exposure and the behavioral and neural correlates (i.e., activation and functional connectivity) of SSL in a group of 102 youth (ages 9-19; 46 female, 56 male) with (n=52) and without (n=50) interpersonal trauma exposure. Primary analyses examined anterior hippocampal activation and anterior hippocampus-dACC functional connectivity. Exploratory analyses examined centromedial (CMA) and laterobasal (LBA) amygdala activation and anterior hippocampal, CMA, and LBA functional connectivity with additional anterior cingulate subregions (i.e., subgenual anterior cingulate cortex [sgACC] and rostral anterior cingulate cortex [rosACC]). RESULTS Both youth with and without interpersonal trauma exposure successfully learned conditioned safety, which was determined using self-report of contingency awareness. Youth with interpersonal trauma exposure-relative to youth in the comparison group-exhibited age-specific patterns of lower hippocampal activation (F(2,96)=3.75, pFDR=.049, ηp2=.072), and, in exploratory analyses, showed heightened centromedial amygdala activation (F(1,96)=5.37, pFDR=.046, ηp2=.053) and an age-related decrease in hippocampal-sgACC functional connectivity during SSL (F(1,94)=10.68, pFDR=.015, ηp2=.102). We also show that hippocampal-sgACC functional connectivity mediated the association between interpersonal trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in an age-specific manner in the overall sample. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest that although age- and trauma-specific differences in the neural correlates of SSL may relate to the development of psychopathology, youth with interpersonal trauma exposure demonstrate successful learning of conditioned safety over time.
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14
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Fiorini G, Khoe Z, Fonagy P, Midgley N. Treatment "non-responders": the experience of short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy among depressed adolescents, their parents and therapists. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1389833. [PMID: 39364088 PMCID: PMC11447700 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1389833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (STPP) is an evidence-based treatment for adolescents with depression, but like all treatment approaches, not all patients benefit from it. Previous investigations of the process of STPP have mostly focused on successful cases, and only a few studies have included the perspectives of young people, their parents, and therapists in the understanding of treatment non-response. Methods Semi-structured interviews were carried out with young people who were considered "non-responders" to STPP, as well as with their parents and therapists. These cases were analyzed using a descriptive-interpretative approach. Results The data analysis revealed three themes: (1) Therapy as a safe space; (2) Can short-term psychotherapy ever be enough?; and (3) Therapists making links and connections that did not make sense to the young people. Discussion This study's findings indicate that "poor outcome" psychotherapy does not necessarily equate to a "poor experience" of psychotherapy, with different stakeholders appreciating the treatment setting as a "safe space." However, they also suggest that some felt that a relatively short-term treatment could not lead to substantial change and that young people in STPP might have a more negative view of their outcomes compared to their parents and therapists. Finally, the findings indicate that some interventions made by clinicians in STPP feel wrong or do not make sense to young people, potentially affecting the therapy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Fiorini
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anna Freud, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zane Khoe
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anna Freud, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anna Freud, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Midgley
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anna Freud, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Slimovitch R, Lee SY, Vergara-Lopez C, Bublitz MH, Stroud LR. Reactivity to Peer Rejection Moderates the Effect of Victimization on Adolescent Girls' Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01243-4. [PMID: 39287770 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Peer victimization and bullying behaviors are prevalent during adolescence and have been linked to depression. This study examined whether peer rejection reactivity, defined as physiological responses to peer exclusion, moderated the associations of victimization and bullying behaviors with depressive symptoms 12 months later in a sample of female youths (N = 79, Mage = 13.37 ± 2.31). Participants underwent the Yale Interpersonal Stressor-Child, during which systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were continuously measured. Parent and youth reports of the youth's depressive symptoms were utilized. Our results demonstrate that peer rejection reactivity moderates the relationship between victimization and subsequent depressive symptoms but does not moderate the relationship between bullying behaviors and subsequent depressive symptoms. Higher victimization was associated with increased youth-reported depressive symptoms among girls with high reactivity but decreased depressive symptoms among girls with low reactivity. Future research can explore whether reducing emotional and physiological reactivity to peer rejection, as well as increasing interpersonal effectiveness in peer relationships, can reduce depressive symptoms in adolescent girls experiencing victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Slimovitch
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Sharon Y Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Margaret H Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Lifespan Physicians Group, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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16
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Hathway T, McLellan LF, Dear BF, Trompeter N, Carl T, Wuthrich V, Hudson JL, Rapee RM. The psychometric properties of the Mini Social Phobia Inventory in a treatment seeking sample of children and their caregivers. Cogn Behav Ther 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39235930 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2024.2397673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The Mini Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) is a short 3-item measure of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Using existing data, the current study examined the psychometric properties of the Mini-SPIN using a large, treatment seeking sample of children aged 6-16 years with data available for youth (n = 695, 170) and their caregivers (n = 703, 177) at pre-treatment and follow-up, respectively. The ability of the Mini-SPIN to discriminate between those with and without SAD was examined at pre-treatment and 6-month follow-up, across caregiver and child report. The criterion group validity, internal consistency and construct validity of the measure was also examined. Results revealed that at pre-treatment the Mini-SPIN demonstrated good discriminant validity in detecting cases of SAD from non-SAD (with cut-off of 4 on child report, and 6 on caregiver report). At 6-month follow-up, the discriminant ability of the Mini-SPIN was found to be less than acceptable for child reported scores, but acceptable for caregiver reported scores. The Mini-SPIN further demonstrated good criterion group validity, internal consistency and construct validity across caregiver and child report. Overall, the findings from the current study lend further support for the use of the Mini-SPIN as a screening tool for SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hathway
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren F McLellan
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Blake F Dear
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Nora Trompeter
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Talia Carl
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Viviana Wuthrich
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Hudson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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17
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Chan MHM, Feng X, Gong Y, Inboden K. Longitudinal Changes in Preschoolers' Self-reported Psychological and Social Problems: Feasibility, Reliability, and Cross-informant Agreement. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4870307. [PMID: 39281862 PMCID: PMC11398569 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4870307/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
For decades, parental report was used to assess children's psychological symptoms and social problems. The Berkeley Puppet Interview (BPI) utilizes hand puppets to collect questionnaire-style data from children, allowing consideration of children's own perspective. The current longitudinal study compared the feasibility and reliability of preschoolers' self-report with BPI at age 4 ( M = 4.03, SD = 0.16; 52% boy, 82% White American) and 5 ( M = 5.22, SD = 0.36; 51% boy, 85% White American) as well as cross-informant agreement among children, mothers (74% above college education), alternate caregivers (> 90% biological fathers), and coders. Children completed symptomatology, social, and parenting scales of BPI and their parents completed surveys assessing similar constructs. Our findings revealed both similarities and changes across ages. Specifically, the reliability and cross-informant agreement of the broad symptomatology and parenting scales were promising at both timepoints; however, 4-year-olds showed lower internal consistency in social scales.
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18
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Korczak DJ, Lo RF, Rizeq J, Crosbie J, Charach A, Anagnostou E, Birken CS, Monga S, Kelley E, Nicolson R, Arnold PD, Maguire JL, Schachar RJ, Georgiades S, Burton CL, Cost KT. The trajectory of depression and anxiety among children and adolescents over two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116101. [PMID: 39068897 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Longitudinal research examining children's mental health (MH) over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic is scarce. We examined trajectories of depression and anxiety over two pandemic years among children with and without MH disorders. Parents and children 2-18 years completed surveys at seven timepoints (April 2020 to June 2022). Parents completed validated measures of depression and anxiety for children 8-18 years, and validated measures of emotional/behavioural symptoms for children 2-7 years old; children ≥10 years completed validated measures of depression and anxiety. Latent growth curve analysis determined depression and anxiety trajectories, accounting for demographics, child and parent MH. Data were available on 1315 unique children (1259 parent-reports; 550 child-reports). Trajectories were stable across the study period, however individual variation in trajectories was statistically significant. Of included covariates, only initial symptom level predicted symptom trajectories. Among participants with pre-COVID data, a significant increase in depression symptoms relative to pre-pandemic levels was observed; children and adolescents experienced elevated and sustained levels of depression and anxiety during the two-year period. Findings have direct policy implications in the prioritization and of maintenance of educational, recreational, and social activities with added MH supports in the face of future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Korczak
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ronda F Lo
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada
| | - Jala Rizeq
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alice Charach
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suneeta Monga
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Departments of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J Schachar
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christie L Burton
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Tombeau Cost
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada
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19
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Archuleta S, Allison-Burbank JD, Ingalls A, Begay R, Begaye V, Howe L, Tsosie A, Keryte AP, Haroz EE. Baseline Sociodemographic Characteristics and Mental Health Status of Primary Caregivers and Children Attending Schools on the Navajo Nation During COVID-19. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:808-819. [PMID: 38936839 PMCID: PMC11323252 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite historical and contemporary trauma, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN; Indigenous) communities responded with resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, AIANs experienced disproportionate rates of infection, hospitalization, death, and reduced life expectancy. School closures exacerbated disparities, leading to learning loss, economic instability, and mental health challenges among AIAN youth. METHODS The Project SafeSchools cohort study employed a comprehensive longitudinal convergent mixed-methods approach, integrating community-based participatory research principles. The study enrolled Navajo Nation caregivers whose children were eligible to attend local reservation-based schools. We conducted an analysis of caregiver self-report baseline data collected between August 2021 and May 2022. RESULTS A total of 242 caregivers completed at least part of the baseline assessment and were included in data analysis. Caregivers were primarily female (88.7%), non-Hispanic (97%), and Indigenous (97%). Most caregivers were in their late 30s (mean age 38), with varying educational backgrounds and employment statuses. Children were evenly split between males and females and distributed across different age groups. Most children attended school at baseline in various formats, including in-person, hybrid, and online-only settings. Caregivers reported a range of psychosocial and behavioral risks, including general mental distress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety for themselves and their children. Furthermore, caregivers and children exhibited various protective factors, such as strong cultural identity, resilience, and academic self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the higher rates of mental health distress among participating caregivers and children compared to national averages. Despite these challenges, cultural protective factors remained strong and should guide future crisis response efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Archuleta
- Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joshuaa D Allison-Burbank
- Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Allison Ingalls
- Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Renae Begay
- Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vanessa Begaye
- Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lacey Howe
- Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alicia Tsosie
- Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelina Phoebe Keryte
- Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Emily E Haroz
- Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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20
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Thakur H, Choi JW, Andrews AR, Temple JR, Cohen JR. Measurement of adolescent psychological wellbeing: A test of factor structure and measurement invariance. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:734-744. [PMID: 38561961 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Gains in holistic approaches to adult mental health have been associated with increasing interest in understanding psychological wellbeing (PWB) among adolescents. Empirical examination of measurement models for PWB in adolescence is lacking. Thus, the current study examined PWB in a longitudinal, diverse sample of 433 adolescents (non-Latinx Black: 37.6%; non-Latinx White: 25.9%; Latinx: 36.5%; Male adolescents: 50.1%). A one-factor, correlated six-factor and hierarchical models were examined across racial/ethnic (White, Black, and Hispanic) and gender (female, male) identities, after which the best fitting model was selected to undergo invariance testing. A one-factor structure was superior, and exhibited strict invariance across racial/ethnic and gender identities at each wave of the study, as well as longitudinal invariance within the entire sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Thakur
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jae Wan Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Arthur R Andrews
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Ethnic Studies, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jeff R Temple
- School of Behavioral Health Sciences, UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph R Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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21
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Kleinschlömer P, Kühn M, Bister L, Vogt TC, Krapf S. Analyzing the Impact of Family Structure Changes on Children's Stress Levels Using a Stress Biomarker. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 65:449-465. [PMID: 38339813 PMCID: PMC11380358 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231223953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Changes in family structure (e.g., parental separation or stepfamily formation) are associated with a deterioration in children's well-being. Most researchers have focused on the impact of such changes on children's educational and psychosocial outcomes, whereas the effects on children's biological processes have been studied less often. We analyze the effects of changes in family structure on children's stress levels using data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents study (2003-2006 and 2014-2017). Our outcome variable is the biomarker c-reactive protein (CRP), which correlates with psychological distress and is collected from blood samples. Calculating first-difference estimators, we analyze whether children have higher CRP levels after changing to (1) single-parent families (n = 117) or (2) stepfamilies (n = 80). Our findings suggest that changing to a single-parent family significantly increases children's stress, whereas changing to a stepfamily does not. These observations are important because increased stress in childhood can negatively affect well-being later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mine Kühn
- Department of Sociology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lara Bister
- University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra Krapf
- State Institute for Family Research (IFB) at the University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Bayern, Germany
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22
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Soubelet A. What Predicts COVID-Specific Symptoms of Stress in Children and Adolescents, Virus Threats or Social Distancing? JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:957-967. [PMID: 39309349 PMCID: PMC11413290 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-024-00623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis may have deleterious effects on children's and adolescents' mental health. However, there have been no published studies in which the COVID-related stress symptoms were investigated in a French ordinary pediatric population. The main objective of this study was to examine virus threats and social distancing measures to determine which were more disturbing for children and adolescents, and which were better predictors of post traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). 1639 parents of children aged between 1 and 18 participated in an online survey. Parents completed questionnaires regarding their children's and adolescents' mental health while in the first French confinement. The data showed that most children and adolescents had PTSS, such as irritability and tantrums, intrusive thoughts or memories, difficulties in falling asleep, aggression, trouble concentrating, and negative emotions. Multiple linear models supported that both virus threats and social distancing- related disturbances were predictors of PTSS scores, with social distancing being a stronger predictor of PTSS scores than virus threats. Additional analyses across age groups revealed that social distancing measures predicted two times more PTSS than virus threat measures in toddlers, while virus threat measures were a stronger predictor of PTSS in adolescents. This is the first study that has investigated stress symptoms in a French pediatric population during the first French confinement episode because of the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Soubelet
- University of Cote d’Azur, 98 bd Edouard Herriot, Nice, 06000 France
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23
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Muha J, Schumacher A, Campisi SC, Korczak DJ. Depression and emotional eating in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2024; 200:107511. [PMID: 38788931 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder in youth is associated with obesity and adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Eating in response to emotions (emotional eating) is a potential contributing factor to this association. Although emotional eating is associated with Major Depressive Disorder in adults, findings in children and adolescents are mixed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the association between depression and emotional eating in children and adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted in seven databases. Studies were included if the study population had a mean age of ≤18 years and assessed both depression and emotional eating using validated measures. The search generated 12,241 unique studies, of which 37 met inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses of study outcomes were performed. Thirty-seven studies (26,026 participants; mean age = 12.4 years, SD = 3.1) were included. The mean effect size was significant for both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (Hedges' g = 0.48, p < 0.0001; g = 0.37, p = 0.002, respectively), revealing a positive moderately strong association between depressive symptoms and emotional eating in youth. Among longitudinal studies, the association was stronger when depressive symptoms and emotional eating were assessed using child and adolescent self-report versus parent-report. No studies examined youth with a clinical diagnosis of depression. Meta-analyses revealed that depressive symptoms and emotional eating are positively associated in children and adolescents. However, further research in clinical samples is needed. Results raise the possibility for the importance of emotional eating in the link between depression and early CVD risk, though further examination is required to determine whether emotional eating is a potential treatment target to decrease CVD risk among adolescents with increased depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Muha
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anett Schumacher
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan C Campisi
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Nutrition and Dietetics Program, Clinical Public Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Hen M, Shenaar-Golan V, Atia S, Yatzkar U. Child-parent agreement on the SDQ: The role of child-parent attachment and parental feelings. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:2045-2062. [PMID: 38809521 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children and their parents often provide divergent reports regarding their mental health on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). These discrepancies may impede the diagnostic processes. The present study aimed to explore how a child's attachment to the parent and parental feelings may explain some of the variability between parent's and children's reports on the SDQ. METHODS Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from 277 children and their parents (n = 421) who were referred to a public mental health clinic. This information was classified into clinical categories (normal and abnormal) and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS The agreement rates between children and parents on the normality of children were high in general and across gender and age. Insecure attachment to parents positively and significantly predicted the agreement of child and parent reporting abnormality and disagreement when parents reported normality and children reported abnormality. Parental anger positively and significantly predicted disagreement in reports in which parents reported abnormal anger and children reported normal anger. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of assessing informant variability in association with emotional and relationship variables as clinically meaningful information for a clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Hen
- Department of Psychology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | | | - Stav Atia
- Department of Psychology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Uri Yatzkar
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinic, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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25
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Aaron L, Kaplan RM, Black SR. Parents' clinical depression and children's problem behaviors: A multi-level meta-analytic examination. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:886-902. [PMID: 39222852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses considering associations between parental depression (PD) and child symptoms have considered PD based primarily on self-report of depression symptoms. The present meta-analysis, in contrast, evaluated the effect of parents' clinically-diagnosed depressive disorders (PDD) on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms and considered both family- and study-level variables that influenced the strength of these effects. METHODS We examined 111 effect sizes nested in 40 studies including a clinical assessment of parents' major or persistent depressive disorder and measures of children's internalizing or externalizing behaviors published between 2000 and 2020. We used a multi-level meta-analytic framework to account for nesting of multiple effect sizes within studies. RESULTS PDD was associated with children's internalizing (weighted mean r = 0.211) and externalizing (weighted mean r = 0.204) behaviors. Family- and study-level variables moderated these relations, including the inclusion of fathers in the sample, the specific measure of internalizing behavior, reporting of diagnostic reliability, and informant for problem behaviors. LIMITATIONS Limitations include exclusive consideration of internalizing and externalizing symptoms (versus other symptom types or problems) and the limited number of father-only studies from which to base conclusions about the relative effect of maternal vs. paternal depression. CONCLUSIONS The similarity between the current findings and previous meta-analyses suggests that researchers studying the effects of PD may be able to bypass more exhaustive clinical interviews for less burdensome depression symptom inventories. Furthermore, our findings suggest that researchers and clinicians should consider how PD impacts not just child depressive symptoms, but myriad problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Aaron
- University of New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Rachel M Kaplan
- University of Southern Mississippi, United States of America
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26
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Rausch J, Bickman L, Geldermann N, Oswald F, Gehlen D, Görtz-Dorten A, Döpfner M, Hautmann C. A semi-structured interview for the dimensional assessment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: Interview Version of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS-I). Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:106. [PMID: 39182121 PMCID: PMC11344912 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the newly developed semi-structured interview, Interview Version of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS-I), which is designed to provide a dimensional assessment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. METHODS Multi-informant baseline data from the OPTIE study was used, involving 358 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (M = 11.54, SD = 3.4, n = 140 [39.1%] were female). Participants were screened for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. For validity analyses, caregiver (Child Behavior Checklist), youth (Youth Self Report), and teacher ratings (Teacher Report Form) were used. We performed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of the SFSS-I subscales in distinguishing between children and adolescents diagnosed with internalizing and externalizing disorders, as determined by clinical judgement in routine care. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses supported a correlated two-factor model for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Acceptable to good internal consistencies (α = 0.76 to 0.89; ω = 0.76 to 0.90) and excellent interrater reliability on the scale level (ICC ≥ 0.91) was found. The ROC analyses showed an acceptable accuracy in identifying internalizing diagnoses (AUC = 0.76) and excellent accuracy for externalizing diagnoses (AUC = 0.84). CONCLUSION The SFSS-I demonstrates potential as a clinically-rated instrument for screening and routine outcome monitoring, offering utility in both clinical practice and research settings for the dimensional assessment of broad psychopathological dimensions. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00016737 ( https://www.drks.de/DRKS00016737 ). Registered 17 September, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rausch
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Leonard Bickman
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Ontrak Health, Inc., Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Nina Geldermann
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Oswald
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Danny Gehlen
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Görtz-Dorten
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Hautmann
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Steinberg JS, Fitzpatrick OM, Khurana S, Kim MY, Mair P, Schleider JL, Hatzenbuehler ML, Weisz JR. Is There a Place for Cognitive Restructuring in Brief, Self-Guided Interventions? Randomized Controlled Trial of a Single-Session, Digital Program for Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39120779 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2024.2384026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-guided digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) teaching empirically supported skills (e.g. behavioral activation) have demonstrated efficacy for improving youth mental health, but we lack evidence for the complex skill of cognitive restructuring (CR). METHOD We conducted the first-ever RCT testing a CR DMHI ("Project Think") against an active control (supportive therapy; "Project Share") in collaboration with public schools. Pre-registered outcomes were DMHI acceptability and helpfulness post-intervention, as well as internalizing symptoms and CR skills use from baseline to seven-month follow-up, in the full sample and the subsample with elevated symptoms. RESULTS Participants (N = 597; MAge = 11.99; 48% female; 68% White) rated both programs highly on acceptability and helpfulness. Both conditions were associated with significant internalizing symptom reductions across time in both samples, with no significant condition differences. CR skills use declined significantly across time for Project Share youths but held steady across time for Project Think youths in both samples; this pattern produced a significant condition difference favoring Project Think within the elevated sample at seven-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Internalizing symptoms declined comparably for Think and Share participants. Consequently, future research should examine whether encouraging youths to share their feelings produces symptom improvements, and whether a single-session, self-guided CR DMHI produces beneficial effects relative to more inert control conditions. Further, the decline in CR skills use for Project Share youths versus sustained CR use by Project Think youths raises questions about the natural time course of youths' CR use and the impact of these DMHIs on that course. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT04806321.
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Kliamovich DAKOTA, Miranda-Dominguez OSCAR, Byington NORA, Espinoza ABIGAILV, Lopez Flores ARTURO, Fair DAMIENA, Nagel BONNIEJ. Leveraging distributed brain signal at rest to predict internalizing symptoms in youth. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00215-5. [PMID: 39127423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of internalizing psychopathology rises precipitously from early to mid-adolescence, yet the underlying neural phenotypes that give rise to depression and anxiety during this developmental period remain unclear. METHODS Youth from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ages 9-10 years at baseline) with a resting-state fMRI scan and mental health data were eligible for inclusion. Internalizing subscale scores from the Brief Problem Monitor - Youth Form were combined across two years of follow-up to generate a cumulative measure of internalizing symptoms. The total sample (n = 6521) was split into a large discovery dataset and a smaller validation dataset. Brain-behavior associations of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) with internalizing symptoms were estimated in the discovery dataset. The weighted contributions of each functional connection were aggregated using multivariate statistics to generate a polyneuro risk score (PNRS). The predictive power of the PNRS was evaluated in the validation dataset. RESULTS The PNRS explained 10.73% of the observed variance in internalizing symptom scores in the validation dataset. Model performance peaked when the top 2% functional connections identified in the discovery dataset (ranked by absolute β-weight) were retained. The RSFC networks that were implicated most prominently were the default mode, dorsal attention, and cingulo-parietal networks. These findings were significant (p < 1*10-6) as accounted for by permutation testing (n = 7000). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the neural phenotype associated with internalizing symptoms during adolescence is functionally distributed. The PNRS approach is a novel method for capturing relationships between RSFC and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A K O T A Kliamovich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
| | | | - N O R A Byington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | - B O N N I E J Nagel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Wright N, Hill J, Sharp H, Refberg-Brown M, Crook D, Kehl S, Pickles A. COVID-19 pandemic impact on adolescent mental health: a reassessment accounting for development. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2615-2627. [PMID: 38170282 PMCID: PMC11272811 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Current prospective reports suggest a pandemic-related increase in adolescent mental health problems. We examine whether age-related change over 11-14 years accounts for this increase. Mothers and adolescents in a UK-based birth cohort (Wirral Child Health and Development Study; WCHADS; N = 737) reported on adolescent depression and behavioural problems pre-pandemic (December 2019-March 2020), mid-pandemic (June 2020-March 2021) and late pandemic (July 2021-March 2022). Analysis used repeated measures models for over-dispersed Poisson counts with an adolescent-specific intercept with age as a time-varying covariate. Maturational curves for girls, but not for boys, showed a significant increase in self-reported depression symptoms over ages 11-14 years. Behavioural problems decreased for both. After adjusting for age-related change, girls' depression increased by only 13% at mid-pandemic and returned to near pre-pandemic level at late pandemic (mid versus late - 12%), whereas boys' depression increased by 31% and remained elevated (mid versus late 1%). Age-adjusted behavioural problems increased for both (girls 40%, boys 41%) and worsened from mid- to late pandemic (girls 33%, boys 18%). Initial reports of a pandemic-related increase in depression in young adolescent girls could be explained by a natural maturational rise. In contrast, maturational decreases in boys' depression and both boys' and girls' behavioural problems may mask an effect of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wright
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - J Hill
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - H Sharp
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Refberg-Brown
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Crook
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
| | - S Kehl
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Pickles
- Department of Biostatics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
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Adynski H, Propper C, Beeber L, Gilmore JH, Zou B, Santos HP. The role of emotional regulation on early child school adjustment outcomes. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 51:201-211. [PMID: 39034079 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Emotional regulation involves managing attention, affect, and behavior, and is essential for long-term health and well-being, including positive school adjustment. The purpose of this secondary data analysis from the Durham Child Health and Development Study was to explore how parent and teacher reported emotional regulation behaviors related to school adjustment outcomes (social skills, academic performance, and academic achievement) during early childhood. Parent and teacher reports on emotional regulation behaviors showed mixed concordance, however they correlated with critical aspects of school adjustment. Clinical and practical implications are discussed, including the role of psychiatric nurses in promoting positive emotional regulation and school adjustment outcomes across settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Adynski
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Cathi Propper
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Linda Beeber
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Baiming Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hudson P Santos
- The University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, FL, United States
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31
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Fite PJ, Evans SC, Tampke EC, Griffith R. Parent, Teacher, and Youth Reports on Measures of Reactive and Proactive Aggression. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2024; 53:957-979. [PMID: 39184020 PMCID: PMC11343083 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-023-09780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Background More research is needed to improve measurement selection and to better understand informant differences in reports of reactive and proactive aggression. Objective Toward this goal, the current study evaluated the psychometrics (i.e., reliability, factor structure, and validity) and correlates of two measures of reactive and proactive aggression (i.e., Dodge & Coie, in J Pers Soc Psychol 53:1146, 1987; Raine et al. in Aggress Behav 32:15-171, 2006) across three informants (i.e., parent, teacher, and youth). Method Parent, teacher and youth reports of measures were collected in a community recruited sample of 9-12 year-old youth (M = 10.44; 56% male). Results Both measures demonstrated adequate to good internal consistency by parent- and teacher-report, and borderline to adequate internal consistency by youth-report. Additionally, aggression subscales were correlated within and across measures and informants, and an appropriate 2-factor structure was identified for both measures across informants. Consistent with prior research, reactive aggression was more robustly associated with depression symptoms and effortful control than proactive aggression across measures, but there were some links with proactive aggression. Conclusions Overall findings suggest that both measures are psychometrically appropriate to use with parents, teachers, and youth. However, there were distinctions between the two measures, and relying solely on youth reports in this age group is not recommended. Further, there are unique associations evident with various informants, supporting the need for multiple informants when assessing functions of aggression in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J. Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, KU Child Behavior Lab, University of Kansas, Dole HDC Rm2012, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Spencer C. Evans
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, KU Child Behavior Lab, University of Kansas, Dole HDC Rm2012, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Tampke
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, KU Child Behavior Lab, University of Kansas, Dole HDC Rm2012, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Rebecca Griffith
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, KU Child Behavior Lab, University of Kansas, Dole HDC Rm2012, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Deneault AA, Plamondon A, Neville RD, Eirich R, McArthur BA, Tough S, Madigan S. Perceived Parental Distraction by Technology and Mental Health Among Emerging Adolescents. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2428261. [PMID: 39150710 PMCID: PMC11329881 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.28261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The digital phenomenon termed technoference refers to interruptions in routine social interactions due to technology use. Technoference may negatively affect parents' attention to cues necessary for supporting children's mental health. Objective To explore whether there are directional prospective associations between perceived parental technoference and emerging adolescents' mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, inattention, and hyperactivity). Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study assessed a general population of mothers and emerging adolescents in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Women were recruited during pregnancy between May 3, 2008, and December 13, 2010, with convenience sampling and repeated follow-up; eligible women were 18 years or older, spoke English, had a gestational age of at least 24 weeks, and received local prenatal care. Data collection for the present study took place when emerging adolescents were aged 9 (May 20 to July 15, 2020), 10 (March 4 to April 30, 2021), and 11 (November 22, 2021, to January 17, 2022) years. Mothers provided consent for their child to participate, and emerging adolescents provided assent. Data were analyzed from December 1 to 31, 2023, using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models. Exposure Perceived parental technoference. Main Outcomes and Measures Emerging adolescents completed questionnaires about their perception of parental technoference and their mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and inattention) at the 3 study times. This study did not rely on statistical significance, but instead on the magnitude of effect sizes to determine meaningful effects. Results Participants included 1303 emerging adolescents (mean [SD] age, 9.7 [0.8] years at time 1; of the 1028 reporting information, 529 [51.5%] were girls). Cross-sectional associations indicated correlations between perceptions of parental technoference and emerging adolescents' mental health (r range, 0.17-0.19). Higher levels of anxiety at 9 and 10 years of age were prospectively associated with higher parental technoference scores at 10 (β = 0.11 [95% CI, -0.05 to 0.26]) and 11 (β = 0.12 [95% CI, 0.001-0.24]) years of age, with small magnitudes of effect size. Higher parental technoference scores at 9 and 10 years of age were prospectively associated with higher hyperactivity at 10 (β = 0.07 [95% CI, -0.07 to 0.22]) and 11 (β = 0.11 [95% CI, -0.02 to 0.24]) years of age and inattention at 11 years of age (β = 0.12 [95% CI, 0.001-0.24]), with small magnitudes of effect size. No gender differences were identified. Conclusions and Relevance In this 3-wave longitudinal birth cohort study, perceived parental technoference was associated with emerging adolescents' mental health. The findings speak to the need to discuss digital technology use and mental health with parents and emerging adolescents as a part of routine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Ann Deneault
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Plamondon
- Faculté des Sciences de L’Éducation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Ross D. Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel Eirich
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
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Wong TKY, Colasante T, Malti T. Daily COVID-19 Stressor Effects on Children's Mental Health Depend on Pre-pandemic Peer Victimization and Resting Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1115-1126. [PMID: 36484884 PMCID: PMC9735162 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Children's risk of poorer mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic may depend on risk and protective factors heading into the pandemic. This study examined same-day associations between COVID-19 stressors and children's mental health using a daily diary design across 14 days, and considered the moderating roles of pre-pandemic peer victimization experiences and resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; an indicator of cardiac regulatory capacity). Forty-nine Canadian children aged 8-13 years (Mage = 10.69, 29 girls) participated in the final wave of a longitudinal study just prior to the pandemic and a daily diary extension during the pandemic (N = 686 pandemic measurement occasions). Multilevel modeling indicated that children had poorer mental health on days when they experienced a COVID-19 stressor (e.g., virtual academic difficulties, social isolation). A three-way interaction indicated that this association was stronger for those with higher pre-pandemic peer victimization experiences and lower pre-pandemic resting RSA; however, highly victimized children with higher resting RSA did not experience poorer mental health on days with COVID-19 stressors. Findings offer preliminary insights into the preceding risk and protective factors for children's mental health amidst major subsequent stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy K Y Wong
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy, University of Toronto, Deerfield Hall, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Tyler Colasante
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy, University of Toronto, Deerfield Hall, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy, University of Toronto, Deerfield Hall, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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Mayer JD, Bryan VM. On Personality Measures and Their Data: A Classification of Measurement Approaches and Their Recommended Uses. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2024; 28:325-345. [PMID: 38314773 DOI: 10.1177/10888683231222519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
We employ a new approach for classifying methods of personality measurement such as self-judgment, mental ability, and lifespace measures and the data they produce. We divide these measures into two fundamental groups: personal-source data, which arise from the target person's own reports, and external-source data, which derive from the areas surrounding the person. These two broad classes are then further divided according to what they target and the response processes that produce them. We use the model to organize roughly a dozen kinds of data currently employed in the field. With this classification system in hand, we describe how much we might expect two types of measures of the same attribute to converge-and explain why methods often yield somewhat different results. Given that each measurement method has its own strengths and weaknesses, we examine the pros and cons of selecting a given type of measure to assess a specific area of personality.
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Nguyen V, Montout C, Mura T, Purper-Ouakil D, Lopez-Castroman J. Concordance and validity between versions of the ADHD Conners scale for Parents. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:373-379. [PMID: 37718199 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Conners Scale for Parents (CRS-P) is one of the reference tools for the diagnostic assessment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD). It is commonly used in both research and clinical practice. The latest edition of the Conners Parents Scale Long Version (CRS-P3L) has undergone extensive modifications but has never been compared with the 2nd edition (CRS-P2L). We aim to study the concordance between the last two editions of the CRS-P, their internal consistency, and their validity against the criteria of the ADHD-RS. METHODS The study population was a cohort of 30 children diagnosed with ADHD participating in a clinical trial. The parents of these children completed both editions of the CRS (P2L and P3L), as well as a DSM-IV ADHD Diagnostic Criteria Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). A linear regression model with the calculation of Lin's concordance coefficient (LCC) was used to study the concordance between the scales. Internal validity was estimated with Cronbach's alpha and inter-criteria validity with Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The internal consistency found was "correct" to "good" for both editions (Cronbach alpha 0.85 and 0.77), their correlation with the ADHD-RS was medium to low (Spearman's coefficient 0.25 and 0.09). Concordance between the overall score and the sub-scores of the two editions of the same Conners scale (CRS-P2L and CRS-P3L) was fair to medium (LCC 0.29 to 0.69). CONCLUSIONS The third edition of the long version of the CRS-P showed very poor concordance with the previous edition. The diagnostic profile of the children seems to have evolved with the new edition, which appears to affect the interpretation of the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Montout
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France; BESPIM, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - Thibaut Mura
- BESPIM, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France; University of Montpellier, INSERM, INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- CHU de Montpellier; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (MPEA1), Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1018 CESP University Paris Saclay, Psychiatry, Development and Trajectories, France
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France; BESPIM, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, Inserm & University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Carlos III University, Madrid, Spain.
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Deng J, Shou Y, Wang MC, Allen JL, Gao Y, Hawes DJ. Core features of callous-unemotional traits: a cross-cultural comparison of youth in four countries. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2681-2693. [PMID: 38180536 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
With considerable debate concerning the impact of culture on the expression of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, it is unclear whether the core features of CU traits generalize to youth across cultures. This study aimed to examine whether cultural differences are reflected in the core features of CU traits and the associations among these features. Network analysis was employed to identify the core features and to examine the network structure of CU traits operationalized by the Inventory of Callous Unemotional traits (ICU) in four community youth samples from different nations (Australia, N = 190; the UK, N = 437; the USA, N = 330; China, N = 503). The item "Apologizes to people" was identified as a cross-cultural core feature in the ICU network with a greater centrality of this item compared to others in all four samples. In addition, some items were identified as culture-specific core features in the network, differing in their centrality across samples. The network structures of the youth self-report ICU items were moderately similar across samples, while the structures of parent-report items showed substantial differences. These findings have important implications for cross-cultural research on CU traits as well as practical implications for screening and treatment. The core features of ICU appear to be generalizable in youth across cultures, although cultural-specific manifestations should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Deng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Yu Gao
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Figueiredo P, Azeredo A, Barroso R, Barbosa F. Callous-Unemotional Traits and Conduct Problems in Children: The Role of Strength and Positive Characteristics. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:609. [PMID: 39062432 PMCID: PMC11273631 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, many researchers have focused on the development of Conduct Problems from childhood to adolescence. Understanding behavior problems also requires an understanding of well-regulated characteristics. Focusing our assessment on strengths makes it possible, on the one hand, to help children or adolescents with deficits in important areas (e.g., socio-emotional deficits) to develop emotional regulation skills and adapt their responses to different contexts. This study aims to understand the role of self-competence, self-regulation, empathy, and responsibility (strength variables) in the relationship between Callous Unemotional characteristics and Conduct Problems, with a sample of 236 children aged between 3 and 10 years (M = 7.51, SD = 1.63), through mediation analysis. In general, our findings suggest that self-regulation significantly explains the relationship between the callous dimension of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Conduct Problems, pointing out that this strength variable seems to act as a protective factor against the development of behavior problems. No other mediation effects were found, and these results are considered in light of some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.)
| | - Andreia Azeredo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.)
| | - Ricardo Barroso
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Center of Psychology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- U.North Psychology Consortium, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.)
- U.North Psychology Consortium, Portugal
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Hail L, Drury CR, McGrath RE, Murray SB, Hughes EK, Sawyer SM, Le Grange D, Loeb KL. Parent version of the Eating Disorder Examination: Reliability and validity in a treatment-seeking sample. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:101. [PMID: 39026364 PMCID: PMC11264699 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of eating disorders (ED) in youth relies heavily on self-report, yet persistent lack of recognition of the presence and/or seriousness of symptoms can be intrinsic to ED. This study examines the psychometric properties of a semi-structured interview, the parent version of the Eating Disorder Examination (PEDE), developed to systematically assess caregiver report of symptoms. METHODS A multi-site, clinical sample of youth (N = 522; age range: 12 to 18 years) seeking treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) and subsyndromal AN were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) for youth and the PEDE for collateral caregiver report. RESULTS Internal consistencies of the four PEDE subscales were on par with established ranges for the EDE. Significant medium-sized correlations and poor to moderate levels of agreement were found between the corresponding subscales on each measure. For the PEDE, confirmatory factor analysis of the EDE four-factor model provided a poor fit; an exploratory factor analysis indicated that a 3-factor model better fits the PEDE. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the PEDE has psychometric properties on par with the original EDE. The addition of the caregiver perspective may provide incremental information that can aid in the assessment of AN in youth. Future research is warranted to establish psychometric properties of the PEDE in broader transdiagnostic ED samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hail
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, 675 18th Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine R Drury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, 675 18th Street, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA.
| | - Robert E McGrath
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, 675 18th Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience (emeritus), The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katharine L Loeb
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
- Chicago Center for Evidence-Based Treatment, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zevedei DE, Penelo E, Navarro JB, de la Osa N, Ezpeleta L. Predictive associations of executive functions and oppositional defiant problems and obsessive-compulsive problems in preschoolers. Child Neuropsychol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39016189 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2380393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant problems (ODP) and obsessive-compulsive problems (OCP) may co-occur in children, though the way they interact is not known. The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal associations between executive functions at age 3 and ODP, ODP dimensions, and OCP at age 6. The sample consisted of 622 preschoolers (50% were boys) from the general population. Executive functions were assessed by teachers using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning - Preschool version questionnaire when children were 3 years old, and ODP and OCP were informed by parents and teachers at the age of 6 years. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that higher Inhibit and Emotional Control and lower Shift deficits were associated with higher ODP reported by teachers, while higher Shift but lower Inhibit deficits were related to higher OCP. Moreover, ODP and OCP shared difficulties on the Flexibility Index, which means that the capacity to modulate emotions and behavior according to contextual and environmental demands is compromised in both disorders. The findings inform etiology and prevention, pointing out not only the executive function specificities related to each problem, but also common cognitive challenges related to Flexibility. Young children could benefit from training and programs designed to improve executive function processes at an early age to prevent later behavioral difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa-Elena Zevedei
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Penelo
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Blas Navarro
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria de la Osa
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jørgensen MS, Vestergaard M, Beck E, Storebø OJ, Poulsen S, Simonsen E, Bo S. Attachment Problems and Mentalizing Capacity Relate to Parent-Child Informant Discrepancies in Female Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01735-w. [PMID: 39008199 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Parent-child informant discrepancies on psychopathology provide important knowledge on the parent-child relationship and the child's mental health, but mechanisms underlying parent-child informant discrepancies are largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between attachment problems and mentalizing capacity and parent-child informant discrepancies on borderline personality disorder (BPD) severity, internalizing, and externalizing pathology in a clinical sample of 91 adolescent girls with BPD and their parents. Results showed that more attachment problems to parents and peers were related to adolescents reporting more severe BPD than parents. Adolescents who described more internalizing symptoms relative to parents, reported more parental attachment problems, but enhanced peer attachment, suggesting those adolescents who do not feel recognized by their parents might turn to their friends. When parents rated adolescents higher on externalizing behaviors, the adolescent reported more attachment problems to parents and lower mentalizing capacity, indicating that this sub-group of adolescents may reflect less about how their behavior affects others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Sedoc Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Fælledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Martin Vestergaard
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Fælledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Smedegade 16, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Jakob Storebø
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Fælledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Smedegade 16, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stig Poulsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Simonsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Services, Region Zealand East, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sune Bo
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Habibi Asgarabad M, Steinsbekk S, Hartung CM, Wichstrøm L. Reciprocal relations between dimensions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders from preschool age to adolescence: sex differences in a birth cohort sample. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38965813 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prospectively related from childhood to adolescence. However, whether the two dimensions of ADHD-inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity-are differentially related to anxiety and whether there are developmental and sex/gender differences in these relations are unknown. METHODS Two birth cohorts of Norwegian children were assessed biennially from ages 4 to 16 (N = 1,077; 49% girls) with diagnostic parent interviews used to assess symptoms of anxiety and ADHD. Data were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model, adjusting for all unobserved time-invariant confounding effects. RESULTS In girls, increased inattention, but not hyperactivity-impulsivity, predicted increased anxiety 2 years later across all time-points and increased anxiety at ages 12 and 14 predicted increased inattention but not hyperactivity-impulsivity. In boys, increased hyperactivity-impulsivity at ages 6 and 8, but not increased inattention, predicted increased anxiety 2 years later, whereas increased anxiety did not predict increased inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS The two ADHD dimensions were differentially related to anxiety, and the relations were sex-specific. In girls, inattention may be involved in the development of anxiety throughout childhood and adolescence and anxiety may contribute to girls developing more inattention beginning in early adolescence. In boys, hyperactivity-impulsivity may be involved in the development of anxiety during the early school years. Effective treatment of inattention symptoms in girls may reduce anxiety risk at all time-points, while addressing anxiety may decrease inattention during adolescence. Similarly, treating hyperactivity-impulsivity may reduce anxiety risk in boys during late childhood (at ages 8-10).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Bjørk RF, Havighurst SS, Fredriksen E, Bølstad E. Up you get: Norwegian parents' reactions to children's negative emotions. Scand J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38952033 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developmental research suggests that children learn to regulate their emotions and behavior through a process of emotion socialization. The main body of literature is based on samples from the United States, and very little is known about the socialization of emotions in Nordic settings. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to explore associations between mothers' and fathers' reactions to children's negative emotions and externalizing behavior problems in a Nordic cultural context, and to explore gender differences in these associations. METHODS Parent-report data on the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) and the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory 6 (ECBI) was collected in a large sample of Norwegian preschool-aged children (mothers, n = 242; fathers, n = 183; N = 257; M = 54 months, SD = 4.54; 49% boys). Teacher-report data was collected using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) conduct scale (n = 117). RESULTS Both parents' supportive and non-supportive reactions were associated with child externalizing difficulties in expected directions as evidenced by path models, controlling for socioeconomic status and age. A pattern emerged in which non-supportive reactions to a greater extent predicted an increase in externalizing problems in girls, and supportive reactions predicted lower levels of externalizing problems in boys. CONCLUSION Our findings supported the basic assumptions of emotion socialization theory in a Nordic cultural context in which parental supportive and non-supportive responses are related to child externalizing difficulties. Nordic parents are important socialization agents for their children, but their behaviors had a differential effect on boys' and girls' externalizing behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune F Bjørk
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Vestre Viken Helseforetak, Drammen, Norway
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Pemovska T, Loizou S, Appleton R, Spain D, Stefanidou T, Kular A, Cooper R, Greenburgh A, Griffiths J, Barnett P, Foye U, Baldwin H, Minchin M, Brady G, Saunders KRK, Ahmed N, Jackson R, Olive RR, Parker J, Timmerman A, Sapiets S, Driskell E, Chipp B, Parsons B, Totsika V, Mandy W, Pender R, Clery P, Lloyd-Evans B, Simpson A, Johnson S. Approaches to improving mental health care for autistic children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2024; 54:2313-2343. [PMID: 38757186 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Autistic children and young people (CYP) experience mental health difficulties but face many barriers to accessing and benefiting from mental health care. There is a need to explore strategies in mental health care for autistic CYP to guide clinical practice and future research and support their mental health needs. Our aim was to identify strategies used to improve mental health care for autistic CYP and examine evidence on their acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. All study designs reporting acceptability/feasibility outcomes and empirical quantitative studies reporting effectiveness outcomes for strategies tested within mental health care were eligible. We conducted a narrative synthesis and separate meta-analyses by informant (self, parent, and clinician). Fifty-seven papers were included, with most investigating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions for anxiety and several exploring service-level strategies, such as autism screening tools, clinician training, and adaptations regarding organization of services. Most papers described caregiver involvement in therapy and reported adaptations to communication and intervention content; a few reported environmental adjustments. In the meta-analyses, parent- and clinician-reported outcomes, but not self-reported outcomes, showed with moderate certainty that CBT for anxiety was an effective treatment compared to any comparison condition in reducing anxiety symptoms in autistic individuals. The certainty of evidence for effectiveness, synthesized narratively, ranged from low to moderate. Evidence for feasibility and acceptability tended to be positive. Many identified strategies are simple, reasonable adjustments that can be implemented in services to enhance mental health care for autistic individuals. Notable research gaps persist, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pemovska
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sofia Loizou
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Appleton
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Theodora Stefanidou
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ariana Kular
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Cooper
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Greenburgh
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Griffiths
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Phoebe Barnett
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
| | - Una Foye
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Baldwin
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matilda Minchin
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gráinne Brady
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nafiso Ahmed
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Jackson
- Lancaster and Morecambe Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Morecambe, UK
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Rachel Rowan Olive
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennie Parker
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Amanda Timmerman
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Suzi Sapiets
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Beverley Chipp
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit Lived Experience Working Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Vaso Totsika
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Will Mandy
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Richard Pender
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Philippa Clery
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alan Simpson
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Zerrouk M, Ann Bell M. Examining Conduct Problems in a Community Sample during Middle Childhood: The Role of Frontal EEG Asymmetry, Temperament, and Working Memory. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:1119-1133. [PMID: 38502403 PMCID: PMC11217093 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Previous literature shows that aspects of temperament, executive functioning, and EEG frontal asymmetry are related to externalizing behaviors in children. We examined whether frontal EEG asymmetry measured at age 6 would moderate the impact of negative affectivity, attentional control, and working memory at age 6 on conduct problems at age 9. Behavioral tasks were given to assess children's attentional control and working memory. Parents completed questionnaires about their children's negative affectivity and conduct problems. Results showed that greater negative affectivity reported at age 6 predicted for more conduct problems reported at age 9, regardless of EEG frontal asymmetry. Lower levels of attentional control and working memory at age 6 predicted for more conduct problems reported at age 9 when children also exhibited greater left EEG frontal asymmetry, which has been linked to approach motivation. These findings illustrate the importance of assessing multiple intrinsic factors, both independent and interactive, that contribute to children's conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zerrouk
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 890 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
| | - Martha Ann Bell
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 890 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
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45
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O'Gorman ET, Meyer GJ. Developmental cascades from early childhood attachment security to adolescent level of personality functioning among high-risk youth. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38934483 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examines associations between early childhood attachment security and adolescent personality functioning in a high-risk sample within a developmental psychopathology framework. Data from 2,268 children (1165 male; 1103 female) and caregivers participating in Future of Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCWS) were used to examine (1) effects of genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) genes and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on attachment security and emotional and behavioral dysregulation in early childhood and (2) longitudinal associations and transactional relationships among attachment security, dysregulation, negative parenting attitudes and behaviors, social competence, and adolescent personality functioning. Results revealed that ACEs predicted attachment security over and above sex or the genetic risk, and gene × environment interactions did not increment prediction. Results of cascade models showed that greater early childhood attachment security predicted higher adolescent level of personality functioning via pathways through intermediary variables. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T O'Gorman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory J Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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46
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Hennefield L, Denton EG, Chen PG, Sheftall AH, Ayer L. Preteen Suicide Risk Screening in the Pediatric Outpatient Setting: A Clinical Pathway. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2024:S2667-2960(24)00065-X. [PMID: 38908827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We are in a youth mental health crisis with unprecedented and staggeringly high rates of suicidal ideations and suicide behaviors in preteens. In the United States, 14.5% of children aged 9-10 have experienced suicidal thoughts and behaviors, including 1.3% with a suicide attempt. American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines call for universal suicide risk screening of youth aged 12 years and older during preventative health care visits and screening in preteens aged 8-11 years when clinically indicated. However, what constitutes a clinical indication at 8-11 years can be difficult to systematically detect, and pediatric practitioners may not be equipped with necessary age-specific assessment tools. This is compounded by the lack of emphasis on preteen suicide risk screening (and focus on adolescents), which leaves practitioners without age-appropriate resources to make clinical determinations for at-risk preteens. The objective of this project was to develop an evidence-informed suicide risk screening pathway for pediatric practitioners to implement with preteen patients in outpatient settings. Suicide risk assessment in younger children (<8 years) is also briefly addressed. We convened a group of researchers and practitioners with expertise in preadolescent suicide, pediatric medicine, behavioral health screening integration with primary care, and child development. They reviewed the empirical literature and existing practice guidelines to iterate on a multi-informant clinical suicide risk screening pathway for preteens that includes both caregivers and preteens in the screening process. We also developed tools and accompanying guidelines for a preteen suicide risk screening workflow and risk determination to aid practitioners in deciding who, when, and how to screen. Finally, we provide scripts for introducing suicide risk screening to caregivers and preteens and to discuss screening findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hennefield
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
| | - Ellen-Ge Denton
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Arielle H Sheftall
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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47
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Csibra B, Reicher V, Csepregi M, Kristóf K, Gácsi M. Towards an Objective Measurement Tool for ADHD-like Traits in Family Dogs: A Comprehensive Test Battery. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1841. [PMID: 38997953 PMCID: PMC11240718 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Family dogs exhibit neuropsychological deficits similar to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in humans. Questionnaire methods have mostly been used to assess ADHD-like behaviours in dogs. In addition to our validated questionnaire (Dog ADHD and Functionality Rating Scale-DAFRS; 2024), we developed a simple behavioural test battery covering the ADHD symptom domains (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity) in dogs. Our main aim was (i) to provide a final external validation step to the DAFRS by examining its associations with the test variables (N = 59); and (ii) to compare owner- and trainer-rated factor scores' associations with the test variables (n = 38). We developed four tests covering the ADHD symptom domains: the attention test (inattention), the plush dog test (impulsivity), the leash test, and the sit test (hyperactivity). All four behavioural variables correlated with their respective questionnaire scores, i.e., the strongest for hyperactivity, and the least strong for inattention. Both owner- and trainer-rated scores (n = 38) correlated with the relevant test variables in an expected direction. Dogs' training status was linked only to the sit test results. Test-retest analyses (n = 34) indicated moderate-to-excellent agreement across all behavioural variables. Our findings support the validity of our novel human-analogue questionnaire for dogs as the behavioural tests strongly correlate with the relevant questionnaire scores, indicating that the two constructs together can effectively assess inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Csibra
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Reicher
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melitta Csepregi
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kíra Kristóf
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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48
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Treier AK, Labarga SZ, Ginsberg C, Kohl LT, Görtz-Dorten A, Ravens-Sieberer U, Kaman A, Banaschewski T, Aggensteiner PM, Hanisch C, Kölch M, Daunke A, Roessner V, Kohls G, Döpfner M. Assessment of affective dysregulation in children: development and evaluation of a semi-structured interview for parents and for children. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:75. [PMID: 38902809 PMCID: PMC11191270 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with affective dysregulation (AD) show an excessive reactivity to emotionally positive or negative stimuli, typically manifesting in chronic irritability, severe temper tantrums, and sudden mood swings. AD shows a large overlap with externalizing and internalizing disorders. Given its transdiagnostic nature, AD cannot be reliably and validly captured only by diagnostic categories such as disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate two semi-structured clinical interviews-one for parents and one for children. METHODS Both interviews were developed based on existing measures that capture particular aspects of AD. We analyzed internal consistencies and interrater agreement to evaluate their reliability. Furthermore, we analyzed factor loadings in an exploratory factor analysis, differences in interview scores between children with and without co-occurring internalizing and externalizing disorders, and associations with other measures of AD and of AD-related constructs. The evaluation was performed in a screened community sample of children aged 8-12 years (n = 445). Interrater reliability was additionally analyzed in an outpatient sample of children aged 8-12 years (n = 27). RESULTS Overall, internal consistency was acceptable to good. In both samples, we found moderate to excellent interrater reliability on a dimensional level. Interrater agreement for the dichotomous diagnosis DMDD was substantial to perfect. In the exploratory factor analysis, almost all factor loadings were acceptable. Children with a diagnosis of disruptive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or any disorder (disruptive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depressive disorder) showed higher scores on the DADYS interviews than children without these disorders. The correlation analyses revealed the strongest associations with other measures of AD and measures of AD-specific functional impairment. Moreover, we found moderate to very large associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms and moderate to large associations with emotion regulation strategies and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The analyses of internal consistency and interrater agreement support the reliability of both clinical interviews. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis, discriminant analyses, and correlation analyses support the interviews' factorial, discriminant, concurrent, convergent, and divergent validity. The interviews might thus contribute to the reliable and valid identification of children with AD and the assessment of treatment responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION ADOPT Online: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00014963. Registered 27 June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Treier
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Sara Zaplana Labarga
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Ginsberg
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Teresa Kohl
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Görtz-Dorten
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kaman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pascal-M Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kölch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Daunke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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49
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Jones JD, Boyd RC, Sandro AD, Calkins ME, Los Reyes AD, Barzilay R, Young JF, Benton TD, Gur RC, Moore TM, Gur RE. The General Psychopathology 'p' Factor in Adolescence: Multi-Informant Assessment and Computerized Adaptive Testing. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01223-8. [PMID: 38869751 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the presence of a general psychopathology dimension, the p factor ('p'). Despite growing interest in the p factor, questions remain about how p is assessed. Although multi-informant assessment of psychopathology is commonplace in clinical research and practice with children and adolescents, almost no research has taken a multi-informant approach to studying youth p or has examined the degree of concordance between parent and youth reports. Further, estimating p requires assessment of a large number of symptoms, resulting in high reporter burden that may not be feasible in many clinical and research settings. In the present study, we used bifactor multidimensional item response theory models to estimate parent- and adolescent-reported p in a large community sample of youth (11-17 years) and parents (N = 5,060 dyads). We examined agreement between parent and youth p scores and associations with assessor-rated youth global functioning. We also applied computerized adaptive testing (CAT) simulations to parent and youth reports to determine whether adaptive testing substantially alters agreement on p or associations with youth global functioning. Parent-youth agreement on p was moderate (r =.44) and both reports were negatively associated with youth global functioning. Notably, 7 out of 10 of the highest loading items were common across reporters. CAT reduced the average number of items administered by 57%. Agreement between CAT-derived p scores was similar to the full form (r =.40) and CAT scores were negatively correlated with youth functioning. These novel results highlight the promise and potential clinical utility of a multi-informant p factor approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Jones
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Rhonda C Boyd
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Akira Di Sandro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jami F Young
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tami D Benton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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50
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Freitag GF, Coxe S, Cardinale EM, Furr JM, Herrera A, Comer JS. Phasic Versus Tonic Irritability and Associations with Family Accommodation Among Youth with Selective Mutism: A Latent Profile Analysis. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:905-917. [PMID: 38270833 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Clinical presentations of selective mutism (SM) vary widely across affected youth. Although studies have explored general externalizing problems in youth with SM, research has not specifically examined patterns of irritability. Relatedly, research has not considered how affected families differentially accommodate the anxiety of youth with SM as a function of the child's temper outbursts (i.e., phasic irritability) and general angry mood (i.e., tonic irritability). Data were drawn from a sample of treatment-seeking children and adolescents with a primary diagnosis of selective mutism (N = 152; Mean age = 6.12 years; 67.11% female), and their caregivers. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify distinct profiles in SM youth that were characterized by varying levels of phasic and/or tonic irritability. Analyses further examined whether these different profiles were associated with different levels of family accommodation and global impairment. LPA identified 5 profiles: SM with No irritability, SM with Low Phasic Irritability, SM with High Phasic Irritability, SM with High Phasic and Moderate Tonic Irritability, and SM with High Phasic and High Tonic Irritability. Patterns of family accommodation and global impairment were highest among youth belonging to profiles characterized by high phasic irritability. Findings highlight separable patterns of irritability across youth with SM, with phasic irritability (i.e., temper outbursts) appearing particularly linked with increased family accommodation and overall global impairment. Assessing phasic irritability is critical for optimizing treatment in youth with SM and can be useful for flagging possible patterns of family accommodation contributing to overall impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle F Freitag
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Stefany Coxe
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Elise M Cardinale
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jami M Furr
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Aileen Herrera
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jonathan S Comer
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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