1
|
Al Harake SN, Abedin Y, Hatoum F, Nassar NZ, Ali A, Nassar A, Kanaan A, Bazzi S, Azar S, Harb F, Ghadieh HE. Involvement of a battery of investigated genes in lipid droplet pathophysiology and associated comorbidities. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2403380. [PMID: 39329369 PMCID: PMC11445895 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2403380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly specialized energy storage organelles involved in the maintenance of lipid homoeostasis by regulating lipid flux within white adipose tissue (WAT). The physiological function of adipocytes and LDs can be compromised by mutations in several genes, leading to NEFA-induced lipotoxicity, which ultimately manifests as metabolic complications, predominantly in the form of dyslipidemia, ectopic fat accumulation, and insulin resistance. In this review, we delineate the effects of mutations and deficiencies in genes - CIDEC, PPARG, BSCL2, AGPAT2, PLIN1, LIPE, LMNA, CAV1, CEACAM1, and INSR - involved in lipid droplet metabolism and their associated pathophysiological impairments, highlighting their roles in the development of lipodystrophies and metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami N. Al Harake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Yasamin Abedin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Fatema Hatoum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Nour Zahraa Nassar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Ali Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Aline Nassar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Amjad Kanaan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Samer Bazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Sami Azar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bose GS, Kalakoti G, Kulkarni AP, Mittal S. AP-1/C-FOS and AP-1/FRA2 differentially regulate early and late adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30543. [PMID: 38440920 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue in the body and is a major global health problem due to increased morbidity and mortality. Adipose tissue is made up of adipocytes, which are fat-storing cells, and the differentiation of these fat cells is known as adipogenesis. Several transcription factors (TFs) such as CEBPβ, CEBPα, PPARγ, GATA, and KLF have been reported to play a key role in adipogenesis. In this study, we report one more TF AP-1, which is found to be involved in adipogenesis. Human mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into adipocytes, and the expression pattern of different subunits of AP-1 was examined during adipogenesis. It was observed that C-FOS was predominantly expressed at an early stage (Day 2), whereas FRA2 expression peaked at later stages (Days 6 and 8) of adipogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis revealed that C-FOS binds mainly to the promoters of WNT1, miR-30a, and ANAPC7 and regulates their expression during mitotic clonal expansion. In contrast, FRA2 binds to the promoters of CIDEA, NOTCH1, ARAF, and MYLK, regulating their expression and lipid metabolism. Data obtained clearly indicate that the differential expression of C-FOS and FRA2 is crucial for different stages of adipogenesis. This also raises the possibility of considering AP-1 as a therapeutic target for treating obesity and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Suraj Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Garima Kalakoti
- Bioinformatics Center, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Smriti Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Keller MP, Baker CN, Gaca M, Srivastava A, Gerdes Gyuricza I, Braun MJ, Rosenthal NA, Attie AD, Churchill GA, Carter GW. Transcripts with high distal heritability mediate genetic effects on complex metabolic traits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.26.613931. [PMID: 39386475 PMCID: PMC11463413 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.26.613931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Although many genes are subject to local regulation, recent evidence suggests that complex distal regulation may be more important in mediating phenotypic variability. To assess the role of distal gene regulation in complex traits, we combined multi-tissue transcriptomes with physiological outcomes to model diet-induced obesity and metabolic disease in a population of Diversity Outbred mice. Using a novel high-dimensional mediation analysis, we identified a composite transcriptome signature that summarized genetic effects on gene expression and explained 30% of the variation across all metabolic traits. The signature was heritable, interpretable in biological terms, and predicted obesity status from gene expression in an independently derived mouse cohort and multiple human studies. Transcripts contributing most strongly to this composite mediator frequently had complex, distal regulation distributed throughout the genome. These results suggest that trait-relevant variation in transcription is largely distally regulated, but is nonetheless identifiable, interpretable, and translatable across species.
Collapse
|
4
|
Aibara D, Sakaguchi A, Matsusue K. Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 3 gene is a novel target of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in fatty liver disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 594:112379. [PMID: 39326649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor abundantly expressed in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which PPARγ regulates the transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 3 (Tmcc3) gene in the liver. We found that TMCC3 is highly expressed in the fatty liver of humans and mice with NAFLD and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Three exon 1 variants (Tmcc3-1a, -1b, and -1c) of mouse Tmcc3 were identified. TMCC3-1B was highly expressed in the fatty liver of type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice; however, this increase in expression was ameliorated by liver-specific knockout of PPARγ. Reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that PPARγ positively regulates Tmcc3-1b and -1c transcription through the same PPARγ-responsive element present in the 5'-region of each Tmcc3. Altogether, our results indicate that Tmcc3 is a novel PPARγ target in the fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aibara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ai Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Matsusue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu S, Wang C, Meng ZX. Coffee pulp improves glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. Metabol Open 2024; 23:100303. [PMID: 39188638 PMCID: PMC11345893 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coffee berry extracts are anti-lipogenic and lipolytic. This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of coffee pulp on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in mice. Methods The type 2 diabetes (T2D) mouse model was established by feeding the C57BL/6 J mice with HFD. Mice were administered with coffee pulp diluted in drinking water before or after the establishment of the T2D mouse model. After treatment, the body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of mice were monitored; the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) of mice was performed; plasma insulin was determined by ELISA; serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and liver TG were determined by biochemical analysis; hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate organ histomorphology. Gene expression of key genes in de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in the liver was examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Results Mice that consumed coffee pulp after modeling showed reduced FBG and liver TG, improved IPGTT, and alleviated fatty liver. Consuming coffee pulp before modeling prevented HFD-induced blood glucose and plasma TG increases. Mice consuming coffee pulp also had lower body fat and liver TG compared to the model group. qPCR results showed that the expression of transcription factors (Srebp1, PPARγ) and genes (Fasn, CideA, Plin3, Plin4, Plin5) related to DNL and lipid droplets (LD) formation in the liver of mice consuming coffee pulp were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that coffee pulp can attenuate HFD-induced disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, and this effect may be related to the key pathways of lipid synthesis DNL and LD formation pathways in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Chenying Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
- Pediatric Cancer Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Melini S, Trinchese G, Lama A, Cimmino F, Del Piano F, Comella F, Opallo N, Leo A, Citraro R, Trabace L, Mattace Raso G, Pirozzi C, Mollica MP, Meli R. Sex Differences in Hepatic Inflammation, Lipid Metabolism, and Mitochondrial Function Following Early Lipopolysaccharide Exposure in Epileptic WAG/Rij Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:957. [PMID: 39199203 PMCID: PMC11351225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the non-communicable neurological diseases, epilepsy is characterized by abnormal brain activity with several peripheral implications. The role of peripheral inflammation in the relationship between seizure development and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on sex difference remains still overlooked. Severe early-life infections lead to increased inflammation that can aggravate epilepsy and hepatic damage progression, both related to increased odds of hospitalization for epileptic patients with liver diseases. Here, we induced a post-natal-day 3 (PND3) infection by LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) to determine the hepatic damage in a genetic model of young epileptic WAG/Rij rats (PND45). We evaluated intra- and inter-gender differences in systemic and liver inflammation, hepatic lipid dysmetabolism, and oxidative damage related to mitochondrial functional impairment. First, epileptic rats exposed to LPS, regardless of gender, displayed increased serum hepatic enzymes and altered lipid profile. Endotoxin challenge triggered a more severe inflammatory and immune response in male epileptic rats, compared to females in both serum and liver, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepatic immune cell recruitment. Conversely, LPS-treated female rats showed significant alterations in systemic and hepatic lipid profiles and reduced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The two different sex-dependent mechanisms of LPS-induced liver injury converge in increased ROS production and related mitochondrial oxidative damage in both sexes. Notably, a compensatory increase in antioxidant defense was evidenced only in female rats. Our study with a translational potential demonstrates, for the first time, that early post-natal infections in epileptic rats induced or worsened hepatic disorders in a sex-dependent manner, amplifying inflammation, lipid dysmetabolism, and mitochondrial impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Melini
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (N.O.); (G.M.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (N.O.); (G.M.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Filomena Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Federica Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (N.O.); (G.M.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Nicola Opallo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (N.O.); (G.M.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Antonio Leo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (N.O.); (G.M.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (N.O.); (G.M.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (N.O.); (G.M.R.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hong J, Shi Y, Xu F, Chen J, Mi M, Ren Q, Kang Y. Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Identifies the Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis as Potential Mechanisms of Konjac Glucomannan against Hepatic Steatosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38833514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by substantial disruption in the liver's lipid level regulation. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is acknowledged as a nutritious food that has the potential to prevent hyperlipidemia. This study utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to investigate the efficacy of KGM in alleviating high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid homeostasis. The findings indicated that supplementation of KGM for a duration of 10 weeks led to significant decreases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat tissue weight. Furthermore, improvements in lipid concentrations in plasma and liver samples were observed, along with enhancements in glucose tolerance and the mitigation of liver damage. Additionally, lipidomics analysis revealed that the primary differential lipid metabolites were mainly associated with fatty acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptomic analysis showed that KGM significantly altered the gene expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the liver. Moreover, KGM demonstrated a significant regulatory impact on the hepatic expression of PPARγ, potentially mitigating hepatic steatosis through modulation of the PPARγ-mediated lipid metabolism pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that KGM effectively mitigates steatosis by modulating hepatic lipid metabolites and controlling PPARγ-mediated genes in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Fengzhuo Xu
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Ma Mi
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Qingjia Ren
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Melini S, Lama A, Comella F, Opallo N, Del Piano F, Annunziata C, Mollica MP, Ferrante MC, Pirozzi C, Mattace Raso G, Meli R. Targeting liver and adipose tissue in obese mice: Effects of a N-acylethanolamine mixture on insulin resistance and adipocyte reprogramming. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116531. [PMID: 38574624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous lipid-signalling molecules involved in inflammation and energy metabolism. The potential pharmacological effect of NAE association in managing inflammation-based metabolic disorders is unexplored. To date, targeting liver-adipose axis can be considered a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and related dysfunctions. Here, we investigated the metabolic effect of OLALIAMID® (OLA), an olive oil-derived NAE mixture, in limiting liver and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. OLA reduced body weight and fat mass in obese mice, decreasing insulin resistance (IR), as shown by homeostasis model assessment index, and leptin/adiponectin ratio, a marker of adipocyte dysfunction. OLA improved serum lipid and hepatic profile and the immune/inflammatory pattern of metainflammation. In liver of HFD mice, OLA treatment counteracted glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, restoring insulin signalling (phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK), and reducing mRNAs of key markers of fatty acid accumulation. Furthermore, OLA positively affected AT function deeply altered by HFD by reprogramming of genes involved in thermogenesis of interscapular brown AT (iBAT) and subcutaneous white AT (scWAT), and inducing the beigeing of scWAT. Notably, the NAE mixture reduced inflammation in iBAT and promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage shift in scWAT of obese mice. The tissue and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of OLA and the increased expression of glucose transporter 4 in scWAT contributed to the improvement of gluco-lipid toxicity and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that this olive oil-derived NAE mixture is a valid nutritional strategy to counteract IR and obesity acting on liver-AT crosstalk, restoring both hepatic and AT function and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Melini
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - A Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - N Opallo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - C Annunziata
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition Karolinska Institute Neo Building, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - M P Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - M C Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - C Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - G Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - R Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu P, Rychik J, Zhao J, Bai H, Bauer A, Yu W, Rand EB, Dodds KM, Goldberg DJ, Tan K, Wilkins BJ, Pei L. Single-cell multiomics guided mechanistic understanding of Fontan-associated liver disease. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk6213. [PMID: 38657025 PMCID: PMC11103255 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The Fontan operation is the current standard of care for single-ventricle congenital heart disease. Individuals with a Fontan circulation (FC) exhibit central venous hypertension and face life-threatening complications of hepatic fibrosis, known as Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD). The fundamental biology and mechanisms of FALD are little understood. Here, we generated a transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas of human FALD at single-cell resolution using multiomic snRNA-ATAC-seq. We found profound cell type-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic changes in FC livers. Central hepatocytes (cHep) exhibited the most substantial changes, featuring profound metabolic reprogramming. These cHep changes preceded substantial activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis, suggesting cHep as a potential first "responder" in the pathogenesis of FALD. We also identified a network of ligand-receptor pairs that transmit signals from cHep to hepatic stellate cells, which may promote their activation and liver fibrosis. We further experimentally demonstrated that activins A and B promote fibrotic activation in vitro and identified mechanisms of activin A's transcriptional activation in FALD. Together, our single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas revealed mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of FALD and may aid identification of potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po Hu
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jack Rychik
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Huajun Bai
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aidan Bauer
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenbao Yu
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Rand
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Dodds
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- School of Nursing, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David J. Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Wilkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liming Pei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ke Q, Xiao Y, Liu D, Shi C, Shen R, Qin S, Jiang L, Yang J, Zhou Y. PPARα/δ dual agonist H11 alleviates diabetic kidney injury by improving the metabolic disorders of tubular epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116076. [PMID: 38387308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is responsible for nearly half of all end-stage kidney disease and kidney failure is a major driver of mortality among patients with diabetes. To date, few safe and effective drugs are available to reverse the decline of kidney function. Kidney tubules producing energy by fatty acid metabolism are pivotal in development and deterioration of DKD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), comprising PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ play a senior role in the pathogenesis of DKD for their functions in glycemic control and lipid metabolism; whereas systemic activation of PPARγ causes serious side-effects in clinical settings. Compound H11 was a potent PPARα and PPARδ (PPARα/δ) dual agonist with potent and well-balanced PPARα/δ agonistic activity and a high selectivity over PPARγ. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of compound H11 were determined in a db/db mouse model of diabetes. Expressions of PPARα and PPARδ in nuclei of tubules were markedly reduced in diabetes. Transcriptional changes of tubular cells showed that H11 was an effective PPARα/δ dual agonist taking effects both in vivo and in vitro. Systemic administration of H11 showed glucose tolerance and lipid metabolic benefits in db/db mice. Moreover, H11 treatment exerted protective effects on diabetic kidney injury. In addition to fatty acid metabolism, H11 also regulated diabetes-induced metabolic alternations of branch chain amino acid degradation and glycolysis. The present study demonstrated a crucial role of H11 in regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism in glucose-treated tubular cells. Overall, compound H11 holds therapeutic promise for DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ke
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Caifeng Shi
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Songyan Qin
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Weatherly LM, Shane HL, Jackson LG, Lukomska E, Baur R, Cooper MP, Anderson SE. Systemic and immunotoxicity induced by topical application of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in a murine model. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114578. [PMID: 38458531 PMCID: PMC11406440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of stable synthetic surfactants that are incorporated into numerous products for their water and oil resistance and have been associated with adverse health effects. The present study evaluated the systemic and immunotoxicity of sub-chronic 28- or 10-day dermal exposure of PFHxS (0.625-5% or 15.63-125 mg/kg/dose) in a murine model. Elevated levels of PFHxS were detected in the serum and urine, suggesting that absorption is occurring through the dermal route. Liver weight (% body) significantly increased and spleen weight (% body) significantly decreased with PFHxS exposure, which was supported by histopathological changes. Additionally, PFHxS significantly reduced the humoral immune response and altered immune subsets in the spleen, suggesting immunosuppression. Gene expression changes were observed in the liver, skin, and spleen with genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, necrosis, and inflammation. Immune-cell phenotyping identified significant decreases in B-cells, NK cells, and CD11b+ monocyte/macrophages in the spleen along with increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, NK cells, and neutrophils in the skin. These findings support dermal PFHxS-induced liver damage and immune suppression. Overall, data support PFHxS absorption through the skin and demonstrate immunotoxicity via this exposure route, suggesting the need for further examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Weatherly
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Hillary L Shane
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Laurel G Jackson
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ewa Lukomska
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rachel Baur
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Madison P Cooper
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stacey E Anderson
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sinha RA. Targeting nuclear receptors for NASH/MASH: From bench to bedside. LIVER RESEARCH 2024; 8:34-45. [PMID: 38544909 PMCID: PMC7615772 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The onset of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a tipping point leading to liver injury and subsequent hepatic complications in the natural progression of what is now termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). With no pharmacological treatment currently available for MASH/NASH, the race is on to develop drugs targeting multiple facets of hepatic metabolism, inflammation, and pro-fibrotic events, which are major drivers of MASH. Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate genomic transcription upon binding to lipophilic ligands and govern multiple aspects of liver metabolism and inflammation. Ligands of NRs may include hormones, lipids, bile acids, and synthetic ligands, which upon binding to NRs regulate the transcriptional activities of target genes. NR ligands are presently the most promising drug candidates expected to receive approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration as a pharmacological treatment for MASH. This review aims to cover the current understanding of NRs, including nuclear hormone receptors, non-steroid hormone receptors, circadian NRs, and orphan NRs, which are currently undergoing clinical trials for MASH treatment, along with NRs that have shown promising results in preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo Y, Livelo C, Melkani G. Time-restricted feeding regulates lipid metabolism under metabolic challenges. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300157. [PMID: 37850554 PMCID: PMC10841423 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a commonly observed feature associated with metabolic syndrome and leads to the development of negative health outcomes such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or atherosclerosis. Time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF/TRE), an emerging dietary intervention, has been shown to promote pleiotropic health benefits including the alteration of diurnal expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, as well as levels of lipid species. Although TRF likely induces a response in multiple organs leading to the modulation of lipid metabolism, a majority of the studies related to TRF effects on lipids have focused only on individual tissues, and furthermore there is a lack of insight into potential underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current insights regarding TRF effects on lipid metabolism and the potential mechanisms in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, and conclude by outlining possible avenues for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Guo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher Livelo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Girish Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cho BS, Fligor SC, Fell GL, Secor JD, Tsikis ST, Pan A, Yu LJ, Ko VH, Dao DT, Anez-Bustillos L, Hirsch TI, Lund J, Rustan AC, Fraser DA, Gura KM, Puder M. A medium-chain fatty acid analogue prevents hepatosteatosis and decreases inflammatory lipid metabolites in a murine model of parenteral nutrition-induced hepatosteatosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295244. [PMID: 38039287 PMCID: PMC10691711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenteral (intravenous) nutrition is lifesaving for patients with intestinal failure, but long-term use of parenteral nutrition often leads to liver disease. SEFA-6179 is a synthetic medium-chain fatty acid analogue designed to target multiple fatty acid receptors regulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways. We hypothesized that SEFA-6179 would prevent hepatosteatosis and lipotoxicity in a murine model of parenteral nutrition-induced hepatosteatosis. METHODS Two in vivo experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, six-week-old male mice were provided an ad lib fat-free high carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 19 days with orogastric gavage of either fish oil, medium-chain triglycerides, or SEFA-6179 at a low (0.3mmol/kg) or high dose (0.6mmol/kg). In the second experiment, six-week-old mice were provided an ad lib fat-free high carbohydrate diet for 19 days with every other day tail vein injection of saline, soybean oil lipid emulsion, or fish oil lipid emulsion. Mice then received every other day orogastric gavage of medium-chain triglyceride vehicle or SEFA-6179 (0.6mmol/kg). Hepatosteatosis was assessed by a blinded pathologist using an established rodent steatosis score. Hepatic lipid metabolites were assessed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Effects of SEFA-6179 on fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis, and fatty acid uptake in human liver cells were assessed in vitro. RESULTS In the first experiment, mice receiving the HCD with either saline or medium-chain triglyceride treatment developed macrovesicular steatosis, while mice receiving fish oil or SEFA-6179 retained normal liver histology. In the second experiment, mice receiving a high carbohydrate diet with intravenous saline or soybean oil lipid emulsion, along with medium chain triglyceride vehicle treatment, developed macrovescular steatosis. Treatment with SEFA-6179 prevented steatosis. In each experiment, SEFA-6179 treatment decreased arachidonic acid metabolites as well as key molecules (diacylglycerol, ceramides) involved in lipotoxicity. SEFA-6179 increased both β- and complete fatty oxidation in human liver cells, while having no impact on lipogenesis or fatty acid uptake. CONCLUSIONS SEFA-6179 treatment prevented hepatosteatosis and decreased toxic lipid metabolites in a murine model of parenteral nutrition-induced hepatosteatosis. An increase in both β- and complete hepatic fatty acid oxidation may underlie the reduction in steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bennet S. Cho
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Fligor
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gillian L. Fell
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jordan D. Secor
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Savas T. Tsikis
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lumeng J. Yu
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Victoria H. Ko
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Duy T. Dao
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas I. Hirsch
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jenny Lund
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kathleen M. Gura
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacy and the Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rida R, Kreydiyyeh S. Effect of FTY720P on lipid accumulation in HEPG2 cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19716. [PMID: 37953311 PMCID: PMC10641067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an increase in hepatic lipid accumulation due to impaired lipid metabolism. Although a correlation was found between NAFLD and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the role of the sphingolipid remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate any involvement of S1P in steatosis using its analog FTY720P and HepG2 cells. Lipid accumulation was induced by incubating the cells in a mixture of oleic and palmitic acid, and was quantified using Oil Red O. The involvement of signaling mediators was studied using pharmacological inhibitors and western blot analysis. FTY720P increased lipid accumulation, but this increase wasn't maintained in the presence of inhibitors of S1PR3, Gq, SREBP, mTOR, PI3K, and PPARγ indicating their involvement in the process. The results revealed that FTY720P binds to S1PR3 which activates sequentially Gq, PI3K, and mTOR leading to an increase in SREBP expression and PPARγ activation. It was concluded that in presence of a high level of fatty acids, lipid accumulation is increased in hepatocytes by the exogenously added FTY720P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Rida
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sawsan Kreydiyyeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumari D, Gautam J, Sharma V, Gupta SK, Sarkar S, Jana P, Singhal V, Babele P, Kamboj P, Bajpai S, Tandon R, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Effect of herbal extracts and Saroglitazar on high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic lipidome in C57BL/6J mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22051. [PMID: 38027691 PMCID: PMC10663915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of select herbal extracts (Tinospora cordifolia [TC], Tinospora cordifolia with Piper longum [TC + PL], Withania somnifera [WS], Glycyrrhiza glabra [GG], AYUSH-64 [AY-64], and Saroglitazar [S]) on various parameters in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. After 12 weeks of oral administration of the herbal extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice, we analyzed plasma biochemical parameters, insulin resistance (IR), liver histology, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrosis markers, along with hepatic lipidome. We also used a 3D hepatic spheroid model to assess their impact on profibrotic gene expression. Among the extracts, TC + PL showed a significant reduction in IR, liver weight, TNF-α, IL4, IL10 expression, and hepatic lipid levels (saturated triglycerides, ceramides, lysophosphocholines, acylcarnitines, diglycerides, and phosphatidylinositol levels). Saroglitazar reversed changes in body weight, IR, plasma triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and various hepatic lipid species (fatty acids, phospholipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and triglycerides). With the exception of GG, Saroglitazar, and other extracts protected against palmitic acid-induced fibrosis marker gene expression in the 3D spheroids. TC + PL and Saroglitazar also effectively prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance, inflammation, and specific harmful lipid species in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradipta Jana
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Singhal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Babele
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sneh Bajpai
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Rd, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Agarwal H, Wang Y, Ozcan L. Rap1 Activation Protects Against Fatty Liver and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563728. [PMID: 37961406 PMCID: PMC10634782 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that hepatic activation of a small G protein of the Ras family, Rap1a, is suppressed in obesity, which results in increased hepatic glucose production and glucose intolerance in obese mice. Here, we show that Rap1a inhibition in obese mice liver also results in fatty liver formation, which is characteristic of the diabetic liver. Specifically, we report that Rap1a activity is decreased in the livers of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NASH. Restoring hepatic Rap1a activity by overexpressing a constitutively active mutant form of Rap1a lowered the mature, processed form of lipogenic transcription factor, Srebp1, without an effect on the unprocessed Srebp1 and suppressed hepatic TG accumulation, whereas liver Rap1a deficiency increased Srebp1 processing and exacerbated steatosis. Mechanistically, we show that mTORC1, which promotes Srebp1 cleavage, is hyperactivated upon Rap1a deficiency despite disturbed insulin signaling. In proof-of-principle studies, we found that treatment of obese mice with a small molecule activator of Rap1a (8-pCPT) or inhibiting Rap1a's endogenous inhibitor, Rap1Gap, recapitulated our hepatic gain-of-function model and resulted in improved hepatic steatosis and lowered lipogenic genes. Thus, hepatic Rap1a serves as a signaling molecule that suppresses both hepatic gluconeogenesis and steatosis, and inhibition of its activity in the liver contributes to the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance and NAFLD/NASH development.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kurek JM, Mikołajczyk-Stecyna J, Krejpcio Z. Steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni mitigate lipid metabolism abnormalities in diabetes by modulating selected gene expression - An in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115424. [PMID: 37677968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, in parallel to hyperglycaemia, elevated serum lipids are also diagnosed, representing a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease and cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study was to unravel the mechanisms that underlie the potential of steviol glycosides (stevioside or rebaudioside A) administered at two doses (500 or 2500 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks) to regulate lipid metabolism. In this paper, the expression of selected genes responsible for glucose and lipid metabolism (Glut4, Pparγ, Cebpa, Fasn, Lpl and Egr1) in the peripheral tissues (adipose, liver and muscle tissue) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR method. It was found that the supplementation of steviol glycosides affected the expression of Glut4, Cebpa and Fasn genes, depending on the type of the glycoside and its dose, as well as the type of tissue, whish in part may explain the lipid-regulatory potential of steviol glycosides in hyperglycaemic conditions. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies, including human trials, are needed to confirm these effects, before steviol glycosides can be used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Michał Kurek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mikołajczyk-Stecyna
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Krejpcio
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xiong Y, Ma C, Li Q, Zhang W, Zhao H, Ren P, Zhang K, Lei X. Melatonin ameliorates simulated-microgravity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid metabolism dysregulation in hepatocytes. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23132. [PMID: 37552471 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301137r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an essential multifunctional organ, which constantly communicates with nearly all tissues. It has raised the concern that microgravity exposure can lead to liver dysfunction and metabolic syndromes. However, molecular mechanisms and intervention measures of the adverse effects of microgravity on hepatocytes are limited. In this study, we utilized the random positioning machine culture system to investigate the adverse effects on hepatocytes under simulated microgravity (SMG). Our results showed that SMG impaired hepatocyte viability, causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Compared to normal gravity, it also triggered lipid accumulation, elevated triglyceride (TG) and ROS levels, and impaired mitochondria function in hepatocytes. Furthermore, RNA sequencing results showed that SMG upregulated genes implicated in lipid metabolisms, including PPARγ, PLIN2, CD36, FABPs, etc. Importantly, all these defects can be suppressed by melatonin, a potent antioxidant secreted by the pineal gland, suggesting its potential use of therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiong
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Li
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peigen Ren
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sakai E, Imaizumi T, Suzuki R, Taracena-Gándara M, Fujimoto T, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H. miR-27b targets MAIP1 to mediate lipid accumulation in cultured human and mouse hepatic cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:669. [PMID: 37355744 PMCID: PMC10290684 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition caused by excessive fat accumulation in the liver and developed via multiple pathways. miR-27b has been suggested to play crucial roles in the development of NAFLD, assuming via targeting genes involved in lipid catabolism and anabolism. However, other pathways regulated by miR-27b are largely unknown. Here we show that lipid accumulation was induced in miR-27b-transfected human and mouse hepatic cells and that knockdowns of three miR-27b-target genes, β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 (B4GALT3), matrix AAA peptidase interacting protein 1 (MAIP1) and PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2), induced lipid accumulation. We also show that B4GALT3 and MAIP1 were direct targets of miR-27b and overexpression of MAIP1 ameliorated miR-27b-induced lipid accumulation. In addition, we show that hepatic Maip1 expression declined in mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting the involvement of decreased Maip1 expression in the condition of fatty liver. Overall, we identified MAIP1/miR-27b axis as a mediator of hepatic lipid accumulation, a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Sakai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ruruka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Marcos Taracena-Gándara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laboratory of Functional Organoid for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito, Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
- Global Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yum YJ, Yoo J, Bang K, Jun JE, Jeong IK, Ahn KJ, Chung HY, Hwang YC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation ameliorates liver fibrosis-differential action of transcription factor EB and autophagy on hepatocytes and stellate cells. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0154. [PMID: 37204406 PMCID: PMC10538880 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation suppresses HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Moreover, autophagy is implicated in hepatic lipid metabolism. Here, we determined whether PPARγ activation ameliorates HSC activation by downregulating transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS Atg7 or Tfeb knockdown in human HSC line LX-2 cells downregulated the expression of fibrogenic markers including α smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and collagen type 1. Conversely, Atg7 or Tfeb overexpression upregulated fibrogenic marker expression. Rosiglitazone (RGZ)-mediated PPARγ activation and/or overexpression in LX-2 cells and primary HSCs decreased autophagy, as indicated by LC3B conversion, total and nuclear-TFEB contents, mRFP-LC3 and BODIPY 493/503 colocalization, and GFP-LC3 and LysoTracker colocalization. RGZ treatment decreased liver fat content, liver enzyme levels, and fibrogenic marker expression in high-fat high-cholesterol diet-fed mice. Electron microscopy showed that RGZ treatment restored the high-fat high-cholesterol diet-mediated lipid droplet decrease and autophagic vesicle induction in primary HSCs and liver tissues. However, TFEB overexpression in LX-2 cells offset the aforementioned effects of RGZ on autophagic flux, lipid droplets, and fibrogenic marker expression. CONCLUSIONS Activation of PPARγ with RGZ ameliorated liver fibrosis and downregulation of TFEB and autophagy in HSCs may be important for the antifibrotic effects of PPARγ activation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lv Q, Wu X, Guan Y, Lin J, Sun Y, Hu M, Xiao P, He C, Jiang B. Integration of network pharmacology, transcriptomics and molecular docking reveals two novel hypoglycemic components in snow chrysanthemum. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114818. [PMID: 37182513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies uncovered the glucose-lowering properties of snow chrysanthemum tea, however, the active ingredients and underlying mechanisms were yet to be uncovered. Flavonoids are the most active and abundant components in snow chrysanthemum tea. In this study, we treated leptin-deficient diabetic ob/ob or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 J obese mice with or without total flavonoids of snow chrysanthemum (TFSC) for 14 weeks. Results indicated that TFSC ameliorated dyslipidemia and fatty liver, thereby reducing hyperlipidemia. Further mechanism experiments, including RNA-seq and experimental validation, revealed TFSC improved glycolipid metabolism primarily by activating the AMPK/Sirt1/PPARγ pathway. Additionally, by integrating UPLC, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and experimental validation, we identified two novel hypoglycemic compounds, sulfuretin and leptosidin, in TFSC. Treatment with 12.5 μmol/L sulfuretin obviously stimulated cellular glucose consumption, and sulfuretin (3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 μmol/L) significantly mitigated glucose uptake damage and reliably facilitated glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Remarkably, sulfuretin interacted with the ligand-binding pocket of PPARγ via three hydrogen bond interactions with the residues LYS-367, GLN-286 and TYR-477. Furthermore, a concentration of 12.5 μmol/L sulfuretin effectively upregulated the expression of PPARγ, exhibiting a comparable potency to a renowned PPARγ agonist at 20 μmol/L. Taken together, our findings have identified two new hypoglycemic compounds and revealed their mechanisms, which significantly expands people's understanding of the active components in snow chrysanthemum that have hypoglycemic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuwen Guan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhua Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicines, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi 830004, China
| | - Mengying Hu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicines, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi 830004, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aibara D, Sakaguchi A, Matsusue K. Oxysterol-binding protein-like 3 is a novel target gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in fatty liver disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 565:111887. [PMID: 36781118 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein-like 3 (OSBPL3) plays a key role in the development of fatty liver disease. Herein, we found that OSBPL3 is highly expressed in the fatty liver of humans and mice. Although high expression of Osbpl3 was observed in the fatty liver of type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice, liver-specific Pparg knockout ameliorated this increase in these mice. Moreover, high hepatic Osbpl3 expression was observed in other mice models of fatty liver disease, such as leptin receptor-mutant db/db and alcohol-fed mice. Analysis of the human liver transcriptome data revealed that hepatic OSBPL3 expression is higher in patients with advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) when compared to those with mild NAFLD. Reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that PPARγ positively regulates Osbpl3 transcription by binding to the two functional PPARγ-responsive elements present in the 5' upstream region. Overall, our results indicate that Osbpl3 is a novel PPARγ target in the fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aibara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ai Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Matsusue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang Y, Liu H, Liu D. Preventing high-fat diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders by hydrodynamic transfer of Il-27 gene. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:413-421. [PMID: 36959288 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a multifaceted heterodimer cytokine that exerts both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects under different physiological conditions. IL-27 signaling plays a role in promoting energy expenditure through enhanced thermogenesis. The objective of the study is to determine the functional role of IL-27 in regulating weight gain, and glucose and lipid homeostasis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS C57BL/6 mice were hydrodynamically transferred with pLIVE-IL-27 plasmids to achieve elevated level of IL-27 in blood and then kept on a HFD for 8 weeks. The impacts of Il-27 gene transfer on HFD-induced weight gain, adiposity, hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis and the mRNA levels of genes responsible for lipogenesis, glucose homeostasis and proinflammation were assessed by methods of biochemistry, histology, and molecular biology. RESULTS Hydrodynamic gene transfer of Il-27 gene resulted in a peak level of serum IL-27 in mice at 14.5 ng/ml 24 h after gene transfer followed by a sustained level at 2 ng/ml. The elevated level of IL-27 blocked HFD-induced fat accumulation and weight gain without reducing food intake. It also prevented metabolic abnormities of liver steatosis and insulin resistance. IL-27 overexpression promoted expression of major thermogenic genes in brown adipose tissues; and attenuated chronic inflammation and macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissues. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that regulation of IL-27 level could be an effective strategy for management of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueze Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dexi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen H, Tan H, Wan J, Zeng Y, Wang J, Wang H, Lu X. PPAR-γ signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108391. [PMID: 36963510 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), currently the leading cause of global chronic liver disease, has emerged as a major public health problem, more efficient therapeutics of which are thus urgently needed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is considered a crucial metabolic regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. The role of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is gradually being recognized. Here, we outline the involvement of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD through adipogenesis, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fibrosis. In addition, the evidence for PPAR-γ- targeted therapy for NAFLD are summarized. Altogether, PPAR-γ is a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD, and the development of drugs that can balance the beneficial and undesirable effects of PPAR-γ will bring new light to NAFLD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Wan
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ramatchandirin B, Pearah A, He L. Regulation of Liver Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Transcriptional Factors and Coactivators. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020515. [PMID: 36836874 PMCID: PMC9962321 DOI: 10.3390/life13020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide is on the rise and NAFLD is becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease. In the USA, NAFLD affects over 30% of the population, with similar occurrence rates reported from Europe and Asia. This is due to the global increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because patients with obesity and T2DM commonly have NAFLD, and patients with NAFLD are often obese and have T2DM with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia as well as hypertriglyceridemia. Excessive accumulation of triglycerides is a hallmark of NAFLD and NAFLD is now recognized as the liver disease component of metabolic syndrome. Liver glucose and lipid metabolisms are intertwined and carbon flux can be used to generate glucose or lipids; therefore, in this review we discuss the important transcription factors and coactivators that regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Pearah
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-502-5765; Fax: +1-410-502-5779
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee E, Korf H, Vidal-Puig A. An adipocentric perspective on the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2023; 78:1048-1062. [PMID: 36740049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alongside the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) is critical in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. Although each organ has its specialised functions, they must work coordinately to regulate whole-body metabolism. Adipose tissues and the liver are relatively resilient and can adapt to an energy surplus by facilitating triglyceride (TG) storage up to a certain threshold level without significant metabolic disturbances. However, lipid storage in WAT beyond a "personalised" adiposity threshold becomes dysfunctional, leading to metabolic inflexibility, progressive inflammation, and aberrant adipokine secretion. Moreover, the failure of adipose tissue to store and mobilise lipids results in systemic knock-on lipid overload, particularly in the liver. Factors contributing to hepatic lipid overload include lipids released from WAT, dietary fat intake, and enhanced de novo lipogenesis. In contrast, extrahepatic mechanisms counteracting toxic hepatic lipid overload entail coordinated compensation through oxidation of surplus fatty acids in brown adipose tissue and storage of fatty acids as TGs in WAT. Failure of these integrated homeostatic mechanisms leads to quantitative increases and qualitative alterations to the lipidome of the liver. Initially, hepatocytes preferentially accumulate TG species leading to a relatively "benign" non-alcoholic fatty liver. However, with time, inflammatory responses ensue, progressing into more severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, in some individuals (often without an early prognostic clue). Herein, we highlight the pathogenic importance of obesity-induced "adipose tissue failure", resulting in decreased adipose tissue functionality (i.e. fat storage capacity and metabolic flexibility), in the development and progression of NAFL/NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Centro de Innvestigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yamazaki M, Okito M, Harada A, Miyake K, Tamiya T, Nakamura T. d-Allulose Supplementation Prevents Diet-Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via miR-130-Mediated Regulation in C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200748. [PMID: 36461919 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE d-allulose is a low-calorie rare sugar. It has been reported that d-allulose supplementation significantly inhibits diet-induced hepatic fat accumulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study elucidates the mechanism underlying the suppressive effect of d-allulose on hepatic fat accumulation in terms of miRNA regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are divided into three experimental groups-normal diet and distilled water (CC group), high-fat diet (HFD) and distilled water (HC group), and HFD and 5% d-allulose solution (HA group)-and fed the respective diets for 8 weeks. Weight gain is significantly lower in the HA group than that in the HC group, although the caloric intake is the same in both. Histological analysis of liver tissues reveals excessive lipid accumulation in the HC group; this is greatly attenuated in the HA group. Real-time PCR and western blot analyses demonstrate that, compared to the HC group, the HA group exhibits decreased hepatic PPARγ and CD36 expression. Hepatic miR-130 expression levels are higher in the HA group than those in the CC and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that miRNA changes associated with PPARγ may underlie the suppression of hepatic lipid accumulation induced by d-allulose intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, 761-0123, Japan
| | - Misaki Okito
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, 761-0123, Japan
| | - Akio Harada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyake
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamiya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakamura
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee SM, Muratalla J, Karimi S, Diaz-Ruiz A, Frutos MD, Guzman G, Ramos-Molina B, Cordoba-Chacon J. Hepatocyte PPARγ contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in male and female obese mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:39. [PMID: 36629912 PMCID: PMC10082675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with obesity and increased expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). However, the relevance of hepatocyte PPARγ in NASH associated with obesity is still poorly understood. In this study, hepatocyte PPARγ was knocked out (PpargΔHep) in male and female mice after the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The diet-induced obese mice were then maintained on their original diet or switched to a high fat, cholesterol, and fructose (HFCF) diet to induce NASH. Hepatic PPARγ expression was mostly derived from hepatocytes and increased by high fat diets. PpargΔHep reduced HFCF-induced NASH progression without altering steatosis, reduced the expression of key genes involved in hepatic fibrosis in HFCF-fed male and female mice, and decreased the area of collagen-stained fibrosis in the liver of HFCF-fed male mice. Moreover, transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggested that HFCF-diet regulated hepatic amino acid metabolism in a hepatocyte PPARγ-dependent manner. PpargΔHep increased betaine-homocysteine s-methyltransferase expression and reduced homocysteine levels in HFCF-fed male mice. In addition, in a cohort of 102 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery with liver biopsies, 16 cases were scored with NASH and were associated with increased insulin resistance and hepatic PPARγ expression. Our study shows that hepatocyte PPARγ expression is associated with NASH in mice and humans. In male mice, hepatocyte PPARγ negatively regulates methionine metabolism and contributes to the progression of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (North Entrance) Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Muratalla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (North Entrance) Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saman Karimi
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maria Dolores Frutos
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (North Entrance) Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sargsyan A, Doridot L, Hannou SA, Tong W, Srinivasan H, Ivison R, Monn R, Kou HH, Haldeman JM, Arlotto M, White PJ, Grimsrud PA, Astapova I, Tsai LT, Herman MA. HGFAC is a ChREBP-regulated hepatokine that enhances glucose and lipid homeostasis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e153740. [PMID: 36413406 PMCID: PMC9870088 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a carbohydrate-sensing transcription factor that regulates both adaptive and maladaptive genomic responses in coordination of systemic fuel homeostasis. Genetic variants in the ChREBP locus associate with diverse metabolic traits in humans, including circulating lipids. To identify novel ChREBP-regulated hepatokines that contribute to its systemic metabolic effects, we integrated ChREBP ChIP-Seq analysis in mouse liver with human genetic and genomic data for lipid traits and identified hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFAC) as a promising ChREBP-regulated candidate in mice and humans. HGFAC is a protease that activates the pleiotropic hormone hepatocyte growth factor. We demonstrate that HGFAC-KO mice had phenotypes concordant with putative loss-of-function variants in human HGFAC. Moreover, in gain- and loss-of-function genetic mouse models, we demonstrate that HGFAC enhanced lipid and glucose homeostasis, which may be mediated in part through actions to activate hepatic PPARγ activity. Together, our studies show that ChREBP mediated an adaptive response to overnutrition via activation of HGFAC in the liver to preserve glucose and lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Sargsyan
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah A. Hannou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wenxin Tong
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachael Ivison
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruby Monn
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry H. Kou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Haldeman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle Arlotto
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phillip J. White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Inna Astapova
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Linus T. Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark A. Herman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weatherly LM, Shane HL, Lukomska E, Baur R, Anderson SE. Systemic toxicity induced by topical application of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) in a murine model. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 171:113515. [PMID: 36435305 PMCID: PMC9989852 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic structurally diverse chemicals incorporated into industrial and consumer products. PFHpA, PFHxA, and PFPeA are carboxylic PFAS (C7, C6, C5, respectively) labeled as a safer alternative to legacy carboxylic PFAS due to their shorter half-life in animals. Although there is a high potential for dermal exposure, these studies are lacking. The present study conducted analyses of serum chemistries, immune phenotyping, gene expression, and histology to evaluate the systemic toxicity of a sub-chronic 28-day dermal exposure of alternative PFAS (1.25-5% or 31.25-125 mg/kg/dose) in a murine model. Liver weight (% body) significantly increased with PFHpA, PFHxA, and PFPeA exposure and histopathological changes were observed in both the liver and skin. Gene expression changes were observed with PPAR isoforms in the liver and skin along with changes in genes involved in steatosis, fatty acid metabolism, necrosis, and inflammation. These findings, along with significant detection levels in serum and urine, support PFAS-induced liver damage and PPARα, δ, and γ involvement in alternative PFAS systemic toxicity and immunological disruption. This demonstrates that these compounds can be absorbed through the skin and brings into question whether these PFAS are a suitable alternative to legacy PFAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Weatherly
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Hillary L Shane
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ewa Lukomska
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rachel Baur
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stacey E Anderson
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rausch M, Samodelov SL, Visentin M, Kullak-Ublick GA. The Farnesoid X Receptor as a Master Regulator of Hepatotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213967. [PMID: 36430444 PMCID: PMC9695947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is a bile acid (BA) sensor that links the enterohepatic circuit that regulates BA metabolism and elimination to systemic lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, FXR represents a real guardian of the hepatic function, preserving, in a multifactorial fashion, the integrity and function of hepatocytes from chronic and acute insults. This review summarizes how FXR modulates the expression of pathway-specific as well as polyspecific transporters and enzymes, thereby acting at the interface of BA, lipid and drug metabolism, and influencing the onset and progression of hepatotoxicity of varying etiopathogeneses. Furthermore, this review article provides an overview of the advances and the clinical development of FXR agonists in the treatment of liver diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
The Potential Role of PPARs in the Fetal Origins of Adult Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213474. [PMID: 36359869 PMCID: PMC9653757 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis holds that events during early development have a profound impact on one’s risk for the development of future adult disease. Studies from humans and animals have demonstrated that many diseases can begin in childhood and are caused by a variety of early life traumas, including maternal malnutrition, maternal disease conditions, lifestyle changes, exposure to toxins/chemicals, improper medication during pregnancy, and so on. Recently, the roles of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in FOAD have been increasingly appreciated due to their wide variety of biological actions. PPARs are members of the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily, consisting of three distinct subtypes: PPARα, β/δ, and γ, highly expressed in the reproductive tissues. By controlling the maturation of the oocyte, ovulation, implantation of the embryo, development of the placenta, and male fertility, the PPARs play a crucial role in the transition from embryo to fetus in developing mammals. Exposure to adverse events in early life exerts a profound influence on the methylation pattern of PPARs in offspring organs, which can affect development and health throughout the life course, and even across generations. In this review, we summarize the latest research on PPARs in the area of FOAD, highlight the important role of PPARs in FOAD, and provide a potential strategy for early prevention of FOAD.
Collapse
|
34
|
Song J, Baek IJ, Park S, Oh J, Kim D, Song K, Kim MK, Lee HW, Jang BK, Jin EJ. Deficiency of peroxisomal NUDT7 stimulates de novo lipogenesis in hepatocytes. iScience 2022; 25:105135. [PMID: 36185359 PMCID: PMC9523354 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Byoung Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huangshan Maofeng Green Tea Extracts Prevent Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders by Maintaining Homeostasis of Gut Microbiota and Hepatic Lipid Classes in Leptin Receptor Knockout Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192939. [PMID: 36230016 PMCID: PMC9562686 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Huangshan Maofeng green tea (HMGT) is one of the most well-known green teas consumed for a thousand years in China. Research has demonstrated that consumption of green tea effectively improves metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of obesity prevention are still not well understood. This study investigated the preventive effect and mechanism of long-term intervention of Huangshan Maofeng green tea water extract (HTE) on obesity-associated metabolic disorders in leptin receptor knockout (Lepr−/−) rats by using gut microbiota and hepatic lipidomics data. The Lepr−/− rats were administered with 700 mg/kg HTE for 24 weeks. Our results showed that HTE supplementation remarkably reduced excessive fat accumulation, as well as ameliorated hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in Lepr−/− rats. In addition, HTE increased gut microbiota diversity and restored the relative abundance of the microbiota responsible for producing short chain fatty acids, including Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibaculum, Veillonellaceae, etc. Hepatic lipidomics analysis found that HTE significantly recovered glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid classes in the liver of Lepr−/− rats. Furthermore, nineteen lipid species, mainly from phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and triglycerides (TGs), were significantly restored increases, while nine lipid species from TGs and diglycerides (DGs) were remarkably recovered decreases by HTE in the liver of Lepr−/− rats. Our results indicated that prevention of obesity complication by HTE may be possible through maintaining homeostasis of gut microbiota and certain hepatic lipid classes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Noncoding RNAs Associated with PPARs in Etiology of MAFLD as a Novel Approach for Therapeutics Targets. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:6161694. [PMID: 36164476 PMCID: PMC9509273 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6161694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex disease that results from the accumulation of fat in the liver. MAFLD is directly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. PPARγ ligands, including pioglitazone, are also used in the management of this disease. Noncoding RNAs play a critical role in various diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and liver diseases including MAFLD. However, there is no adequate knowledge about the translation of using these ncRNAs to the clinics, particularly in MAFLD conditions. The aim of this study was to identify ncRNAs in the etiology of MAFLD as a novel approach to the therapeutic targets. Methods. We collected human and mouse MAFLD gene expression datasets available in GEO. We performed pathway enrichment analysis of total mRNAs based on KEGG repository data to screen the most potential pathways in the liver of MAFLD human subjects and mice model, and analyzed pathway interconnections via ClueGO. Finally, we screened disease causality of the MAFLD ncRNAs, which were associated with PPARs, and then discussed the role of revealed ncRNAs in PPAR signaling and MAFLD. Results. We found 127 ncRNAs in MAFLD which 25 out of them were strongly validated before for regulation of PPARs. With a polypharmacology approach, we screened 51 ncRNAs which were causal to a subset of diseases related to MAFLD. Conclusion. This study revealed a subset of ncRNAs that could help in more clear and guided designation of preclinical and clinical studies to verify the therapeutic application of the revealed ncRNAs by manipulating the PPARs molecular mechanism in MAFLD.
Collapse
|
37
|
Gehrke N, Hofmann LJ, Straub BK, Rühle F, Waisman A, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM. Hepatic interleukin-1 receptor type 1 signalling regulates insulin sensitivity in the early phases of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1048. [PMID: 36101976 PMCID: PMC9471277 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with hepatic as well as systemic insulin resistance even in the absence of type 2 diabetes. The extent and pathways through which hepatic inflammation modulates insulin sensitivity in NAFLD are only partially understood. We explored the contribution of hepatic interleukin (IL)-1 signalling in a novel conditional knockout mouse model and expand the knowledge on this signalling pathway with regard to its liver-specific functions. METHODS A high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFD) over 12 weeks was used in male hepatocyte-specific IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) knockout mice (Il1r1Hep-/- ) and wild-type (WT) littermates. RESULTS Both genotypes developed an obese phenotype and accompanying macrovesicular hepatic steatosis. In contrast to WT mice, microvesicular steatosis and ballooning injury was less pronounced in HFD-fed Il1r1Hep-/- mice, and alanine aminotransferase remained in the normal range. This was paralleled by the suppression of injurious and proinflammatory hepatic c-Jun N-terminal kinases and extracellular signal-regulated kinases signalling, stable peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha and farnesoid X receptor-alpha expression and preservation of mitochondrial function. Strikingly, despite HFD-feeding Il1r1Hep-/- mice remained highly insulin sensitive as indicated by lower insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, higher glucose tolerance, more stable hepatic insulin signalling cascade, and less adipose tissue inflammation compared to the WT. CONCLUSIONS The current data highlights that hepatocyte IL-1R1 contributes to hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance. Future liver-directed therapies in NAFLD could have effects on insulin sensitivity when improving hepatic inflammation and IL-1R1 signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- I. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz55131Germany
| | - Lea J. Hofmann
- I. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz55131Germany
| | - Beate K. Straub
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Frank Rühle
- Bioinformatics Core FacilityInstitute of Molecular Biology (IMB)MainzGermany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
- Research Center for ImmunotherapyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Peter R. Galle
- I. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz55131Germany
- Research Center for ImmunotherapyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Jörn M. Schattenberg
- I. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz55131Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu X, Poulsen KL, Wu L, Liu S, Miyata T, Song Q, Wei Q, Zhao C, Lin C, Yang J. Targeted therapeutics and novel signaling pathways in non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH). Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:287. [PMID: 35963848 PMCID: PMC9376100 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH) has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. NASH, an advanced form of NAFL, can be progressive and more susceptible to developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, lifestyle interventions are the most essential and effective strategies for preventing and controlling NAFL without the development of fibrosis. While there are still limited appropriate drugs specifically to treat NAFL/NASH, growing progress is being seen in elucidating the pathogenesis and identifying therapeutic targets. In this review, we discussed recent developments in etiology and prospective therapeutic targets, as well as pharmacological candidates in pre/clinical trials and patents, with a focus on diabetes, hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, growing evidence elucidates that the disruption of the gut-liver axis and microbe-derived metabolites drive the pathogenesis of NAFL/NASH. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as a signaling mediator, resulting in lipid accumulation, macrophage and hepatic stellate cell activation, further promoting inflammation and liver fibrosis progression during the development of NAFL/NASH. Targeting gut microbiota or EVs may serve as new strategies for the treatment of NAFL/NASH. Finally, other mechanisms, such as cell therapy and genetic approaches, also have enormous therapeutic potential. Incorporating drugs with different mechanisms and personalized medicine may improve the efficacy to better benefit patients with NAFL/NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lijuan Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingda Wei
- School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Baumann A, Burger K, Brandt A, Staltner R, Jung F, Rajcic D, Lorenzo Pisarello MJ, Bergheim I. GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist, attenuates the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2022; 133:155233. [PMID: 35654114 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin resistance is among the key risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, it has been reported that GW9662, shown to be a potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, may improve insulin sensitivity in settings of type 2 diabetes. Here, we determined the effects of GW9662 on the development of NAFLD and molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed either a liquid control diet (C) or a fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC) for 8 weeks while either being treated with GW9662 (1 mg/kg body weight; C+GW9662 and FFC+GW9662) or vehicle (C and FFC) i.p. three times weekly. Indices of liver damage and inflammation, parameters of glucose metabolism and portal endotoxin levels were determined. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged J774A.1 cells were treated with 10 μM GW9662. RESULTS Despite similar caloric intake the development of NAFLD and insulin resistance were significantly attenuated in FFC+GW9662-treated mice when compared to FFC-fed animals. Bacterial endotoxin levels in portal plasma were almost similarly increased in both FFC-fed groups while expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88) and interleukin 1 beta (Il1b) as well as nitrite (NO2-) concentration in liver were significantly higher in FFC-fed mice than in FFC+GW9662-treated animals. In J774A.1 cells, treatment with GW9662 significantly attenuated LPS-induced expression of Il1b, interleukin 6 (Il6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) as well as NO2- formation. CONCLUSION In summary, our data suggest that the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 attenuates the development of a diet-induced NAFLD and that this is associated with a protection against the activation of the TLR4 signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Burger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Effects of Amino Acids Supplementation on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153050. [PMID: 35893906 PMCID: PMC9332103 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes are representing symptoms of metabolic syndrome, which is often accompanied with hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Since liver is the major site of glucose and lipid metabolism, this study aimed to understand the effects of SCAAs and BCAAs supplementations on glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. These cells were pretreated with SAMe, betaine, taurine, and BCAA for 24 h, followed by treatments of a high concentration of glucose (50 mM) or palmitic acid (PA, 0.5 mM) for 48 h to simulate high-glucose and high-fat environments. Pretreatment of BCAA and SCAAs inhibited the fat accumulation. At the transcriptional level, glucose and PA treatment led to significant increase of mRNA gluconeogenic enzyme. The mRNA expression level of GLUT2 was decreased by 20% in the SAMe-treated group and inhibited glucose synthesis by reducing the level of gluconeogenic enzyme. After SAMe or BCAA pretreatment, the mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes was decreased. The PPAR-γ expression was increased after BCAA pretreatment, but SAMe not only downregulated the expression of PPAR-γ, but also inhibited the expression of ChREBP approximately 20% and SREBP-1c decreased by about 15%. Taken together, the effect of SAMe on glucose and lipid metabolism is significant especially on inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis under the metabolic syndrome environment.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wei W, Chen Q, Liu M, Sheng Y, OuYang Q, Feng W, Yang X, Ding L, Su S, Zhang J, Fang L, Vidal-Puig A, Wang HY, Chen S. TRIM24 is an insulin-responsive regulator of P-bodies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3972. [PMID: 35803934 PMCID: PMC9270398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a potent inducer of mRNA transcription and translation, contributing to metabolic regulation. Insulin has also been suggested to regulate mRNA stability through the processing body (P-body) molecular machinery. However, whether and how insulin regulates mRNA stability via P-bodies is not clear. Here we show that the E3-ligase TRIM24 is a critical factor linking insulin signalling to P-bodies. Upon insulin stimulation, protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt) phosphorylates TRIM24 and stimulates its shuttling from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. TRIM24 interacts with several critical components of P-bodies in the cytoplasm, promoting their polyubiquitylation, which consequently stabilises Pparγ mRNA. Inactivation of TRIM24 E3-ligase activity or prevention of its phosphorylation via knockin mutations in mice promotes hepatic Pparγ degradation via P-bodies. Consequently, both knockin mutations alleviate hepatosteatosis in mice fed on a high-fat diet. Our results demonstrate the critical role of TRIM24 in linking insulin signalling to P-bodies and have therapeutic implications for the treatment of hepatosteatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Minjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Yang Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Qian OuYang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Weikuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Longfei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Shu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit - Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Jiangbei Area, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Revisiting Epithelial Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137437. [PMID: 35806442 PMCID: PMC9267463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of cancer remains one of the most important enigmas in modern biology. This paper presents a hypothesis for the origin of carcinomas in which cellular aging and inflammation enable the recovery of cellular plasticity, which may ultimately result in cancer. The hypothesis describes carcinogenesis as the result of the dedifferentiation undergone by epithelial cells in hyperplasia due to replicative senescence towards a mesenchymal cell state with potentially cancerous behavior. In support of this hypothesis, the molecular, cellular, and histopathological evidence was critically reviewed and reinterpreted when necessary to postulate a plausible generic series of mechanisms for the origin and progression of carcinomas. In addition, the implications of this theoretical framework for the current strategies of cancer treatment are discussed considering recent evidence of the molecular events underlying the epigenetic switches involved in the resistance of breast carcinomas. The hypothesis also proposes an epigenetic landscape for their progression and a potential mechanism for restraining the degree of dedifferentiation and malignant behavior. In addition, the manuscript revisits the gradual degeneration of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to propose an integrative generalized mechanistic explanation for the involution and carcinogenesis of tissues associated with aging. The presented hypothesis might serve to understand and structure new findings into a more encompassing view of the genesis of degenerative diseases and may inspire novel approaches for their study and therapy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Yang Q, Zhang Y, Li L, Li J, Li Y, Han L, Wang M. D- chiro-Inositol facilitates adiponectin biosynthesis and activates the AMPKα/PPARs pathway to inhibit high-fat diet-induced obesity and liver lipid deposition. Food Funct 2022; 13:7192-7203. [PMID: 35708620 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
D-chiro-Inositol (DCI) is a natural cyclohexanol isomer that widely exists in all living beings, which can effectively prevent glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in mammals. This study revealed the DCI elevated adiponectin levels to reduce obesity and hepatic lipid deposition in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Twelve weeks of DCI supplementation (50 and 100 mg per kg body weight per day) lowered body weight and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, insulin, and fasting glucose levels. Histopathology analysis revealed that DCI inhibited hepatic steatosis and adipocyte expansion. Remarkably, DCI significantly increased serum adiponectin levels and upgraded the expressions of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in the liver. The results of western blot and qRT-PCR showed that DCI impeded the inhibitory effect of HFD on liver AMPKα and PPARs activities through activating AdipoRs and regulated downstream fatty acid metabolism. In addition, we analyzed the concentration difference of DCI in mouse liver and adipose tissue by the HRLC-MS/MS technology, indicating the preference of DCI in different tissues. Therefore, DCI relieved liver lipid deposition and hyperlipidemia potentially by promoting adiponectin synthesis in white adipose tissue and activating the AdipoR-AMPKα/PPARs pathway in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luqi Li
- Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunlong Li
- Institute of Functional Food of Shanxi, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Metabolic Impact of MKP-2 Upregulation in Obesity Promotes Insulin Resistance and Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122475. [PMID: 35745205 PMCID: PMC9228271 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms connecting obesity with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases remain incompletely understood. The function of MAPK phosphatase-2 (MKP-2), a type 1 dual-specific phosphatase (DUSP) in whole-body metabolism, and how this contributes to the development of diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and insulin resistance is largely unknown. We investigated the physiological contribution of MKP-2 in whole-body metabolism and whether MKP-2 is altered in obesity and human fatty liver disease using MKP-2 knockout mice models and human liver tissue derived from fatty liver disease patients. We demonstrate that, for the first time, MKP-2 expression was upregulated in liver tissue in humans with obesity and fatty liver disease and in insulin-responsive tissues in mice with obesity. MKP-2-deficient mice have enhanced p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK activities in insulin-responsive tissues compared with wild-type mice. MKP-2 deficiency in mice protects against diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis and was accompanied by improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Mkp-2−/− mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity owing to reduced food intake and associated lower respiratory exchange ratio. This was associated with enhanced circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) levels in Mkp-2−/− mice. PTEN, a negative regulator of Akt, was downregulated in livers of Mkp-2−/− mice, resulting in enhanced Akt activity consistent with increased insulin sensitivity. These studies identify a novel role for MKP-2 in the regulation of systemic metabolism and pathophysiology of obesity-induced insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.
Collapse
|
45
|
Large Yellow Tea Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome by Suppressing Lipogenesis through SIRT6/SREBP1 Pathway and Modulating Microbiota in Leptin Receptor Knockout Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111638. [PMID: 35681388 PMCID: PMC9180543 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a chronic metabolic disorder that has turned into a severe health problem worldwide. A previous study reported that large yellow tea exhibited better anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering effects than green tea. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms are not yet understood. In this study, we examined the prevention effects and mechanisms of large yellow tea water extract (LWE) on metabolic syndrome using leptin receptor knockout (Lepr−/−) rats. Seven-week-old male Lepr−/− and wild type (WT) littermate rats were divided into Lepr−/− control group (KO) (n = 5), Lepr−/− with LWE-treated group (KL) (n = 5), WT control group (WT) (n = 6), and WT with LWE intervention group (WL) (n = 6). Then, the rats were administered water or LWE (700 mg/kg BW) daily by oral gavage for 24 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the administration of LWE significantly reduced the serum concentrations of random blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acids, and increased glucose tolerance in Lepr−/− rats. Moreover, LWE remarkably reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and alleviated fatty liver formation in Lepr−/− rats. A mechanistic study showed that LWE obviously activated SIRT6 and decreased the expression of key lipogenesis-related molecules SREBP1, FAS, and DGAT1 in the livers of Lepr−/− rats. Furthermore, LWE significantly improved microbiota dysbiosis via an increase in gut microbiota diversity and an abundance of the microbiota that produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibaculum, Intestinimonas, and Alistipes. Finally, LWE supplementation increased the concentrations of SCFAs in the feces of Lepr−/− rats. These results revealed that LWE attenuated metabolic syndrome of Lepr−/− rats via the reduction of hepatic lipid synthesis through the SIRT6/SREBP1 pathway and the modulation of gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ning Z, Guo X, Liu X, Lu C, Wang A, Wang X, Wang W, Chen H, Qin W, Liu X, Zhou L, Ma C, Du J, Lin Z, Luo H, Otkur W, Qi H, Chen D, Xia T, Liu J, Tan G, Xu G, Piao HL. USP22 regulates lipidome accumulation by stabilizing PPARγ in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2187. [PMID: 35449157 PMCID: PMC9023467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated de novo lipogenesis is considered to be a crucial factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Herein, we identify ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) as a key regulator for de novo fatty acid synthesis, which directly interacts with deubiquitinates and stabilizes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) through K48-linked deubiquitination, and in turn, this stabilization increases acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) expressions. In addition, we find that USP22 promotes de novo fatty acid synthesis and contributes to HCC tumorigenesis, however, this tumorigenicity is suppressed by inhibiting the expression of PPARγ, ACLY, or ACC in in vivo tumorigenesis experiments. In HCC, high expression of USP22 positively correlates with PPARγ, ACLY or ACC expression, and associates with a poor prognosis. Taken together, we identify a USP22-regulated lipogenesis mechanism that involves the PPARγ-ACLY/ACC axis in HCC tumorigenesis and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of lipogenesis via USP22 inhibition. Different deubiquitinases are associated to cancer development. Here, the authors show that PPARgamma is stabilized by USP22-mediated deubiquitination leading to lipid accumulation and promoting hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Aman Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Huan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wangshu Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chi Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Jian Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Zhikun Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Haifeng Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Wuxiyar Otkur
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Huan Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Di Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tian Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Guang Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ozcan U. Antisense-mediated senseful regulation of orchestrated metabolic response. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:539-540. [PMID: 35452620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of fat in the liver predisposes affected individuals to a variety of diseases, yet the molecular mechanisms leading to steatosis still remain elusive. Matsushita et al. (2022) propose a novel mechanism that interconnects insulin resistance and fatty liver formation by an orchestrated regulation of Irs2 and its natural antisense transcript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umut Ozcan
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Preventive Effects of Ilex Cornuta Aqueous Extract on High-Fat Diet-Induced Fatty Liver of Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7183471. [PMID: 35432557 PMCID: PMC9010189 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7183471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the preventive effects of Ilex cornuta aqueous extract (ICAE) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver of mice and its mechanisms. Materials and Methods Twenty-six male KM (Kunming) mice were divided into 3 groups, including the control group (n = 9), fed with normal diet; HFD group (n = 9), fed with HFD; ICAE + HFD group (n = 8), fed with HFD and administered with ICAE (3 g·kg-1·d-1) at the same time for 10 weeks. Body weight, liver weight, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat weight, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and blood glucose were determined to evaluate the preventive effects of ICAE on obesity. The average 24 h food consumption of the mice was monitored for 5 times in the 9th week of the experiment to investigate the effects of ICAE on food intake. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assayed to observe the influences of HFD and ICAE on liver function. HE staining was adopted to observe the influence of ICAE on the morphology of adipose tissue and liver tissue. Hepatic TG and TC content assay and oil red O staining were used to evaluate the influences of ICAE on HFD-induced fatty liver, and the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) and adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) in liver were examined by immunoblotting. Results ICAE treatment significantly reduced the increase of body weight, intra-abdominal, and subcutaneous fat and liver weight induced by HFD (P < 0.001), but has no influence on food intake; ICAE treatment attenuated the elevation of serum TG, TC, and glucose, as well as serum ALT and AST (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.001) and dramatically decreased the content of TG in liver (P < 0.01), but has no influence on hepatic TC content. HE staining and oil red O staining showed that ICAE significantly reduced HFD-induced white adipocyte hypertrophy and significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in liver. Immunoblotting showed that the protein levels of PPARγ and ADRP were significantly increased by HFD induction, which can be dramatically reduced by ICAE treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001). Conclusion ICAE has preventive effects on HFD-induced obesity and fatty liver in mice, exerted beneficial effects upon HFD-induced hepatic injury. The preventive effects of ICAE on fatty liver are concerned with the downregulation of PPARγ and ADRP protein expression in liver.
Collapse
|
49
|
Yoshida R, Yano Y, Hoshi N, Okamoto N, Sui Y, Yamamoto A, Asaji N, Shiomi Y, Yasutomi E, Hatazawa Y, Hayashi H, Ueda Y, Kodama Y. Acid-treated high-amylose corn starch suppresses high-fat diet-induced steatosis. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2173-2184. [PMID: 35411589 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) has been reported to improve steatosis as well as obesity. Type 4 resistant starch (RS4), a chemically modified starch, is particularly hard to digest and suggesting higher efficacy. However, because the effects of RS4 on steatosis are not yet fully understood, the effects of RS4 on steatosis were examined using a murine high-fat diet model. Seven-week-old male mice were divided into three groups and fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat diet with added RS (HFD + RS). Amylofiber SH® produced from acid-treated corn starch was used as the dietary RS. At 22 weeks old, hepatic steatosis and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) content and gut microbiota in cecum stool samples were analyzed. The ratio of body weight to 7 weeks was significantly suppressed in the HFD + RS group compared to the HFD group (132.2 ± 1.4% vs. 167.2 ± 3.9%, p = 0.0076). Macroscopic and microscopic steatosis was also suppressed in the HFD + RS group. Analysis of cecum stool samples revealed elevated SCFA levels in the HFD + RS group compared with the HFD group. Metagenome analysis revealed that Bifidobacterium (17.9 ± 1.9% vs. 3.6 ± 0.7%, p = 0.0019) and Lactobacillus (14.8 ± 3.4% vs. 0.72 ± 0.23%, p = 0.0045), which degrade RS to SCFA, were more prevalent in the HFD + RS group than the HFD group. In conclusion, RS4 suppressed steatosis, and increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and SCFAs. RS4 may prevent steatosis by modulating the intestinal environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiko Yano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Norihiro Okamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yunlong Sui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Asaji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuuki Shiomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Eiichiro Yasutomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuri Hatazawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihide Ueda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Devan AR, Nair B, Kumar AR, Nath LR. An insight into the role of telmisartan as PPAR-γ/α dual activator in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:461-468. [PMID: 33578449 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disease. It is rapidly emerging as the frequent cause for liver transplantation with the risk of disease recurrence, even after transplantation. Clinical evidence showed an abnormally altered expression of different peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isotypes (PPAR-α/γ/δ) in NAFLD with an involvement in the induction of insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and hepatic inflammation. Recently, several dual PPAR-γ/α agonists were developed to simultaneously achieve the insulin-sensitizing effect of PPAR-γ as well as lipid catabolizing effect of PPAR-α. PPAR-α activation could counterbalance the steatogenic and adipogenic effects of PPAR-γ. But most of the drugs were ended in the initial level itself due to harmful adverse effects. In the present review, we discuss the possible mechanism of telmisartan, a typical angiotensin receptor blocker with excellent safety and pharmacokinetic profile, as a PPAR-γ/α dual agonist in the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy R Devan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ayana R Kumar
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|