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Ferrero R, Rainer PY, Rumpler M, Russeil J, Zachara M, Pezoldt J, van Mierlo G, Gardeux V, Saelens W, Alpern D, Favre L, Vionnet N, Mantziari S, Zingg T, Pitteloud N, Suter M, Matter M, Schlaudraff KU, Canto C, Deplancke B. A human omentum-specific mesothelial-like stromal population inhibits adipogenesis through IGFBP2 secretion. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1566-1585.e9. [PMID: 38729152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plasticity is orchestrated by molecularly and functionally diverse cells within the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Although several mouse and human adipose SVF cellular subpopulations have by now been identified, we still lack an understanding of the cellular and functional variability of adipose stem and progenitor cell (ASPC) populations across human fat depots. To address this, we performed single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of >30 SVF/Lin- samples across four human adipose depots, revealing two ubiquitous human ASPC (hASPC) subpopulations with distinct proliferative and adipogenic properties but also depot- and BMI-dependent proportions. Furthermore, we identified an omental-specific, high IGFBP2-expressing stromal population that transitions between mesothelial and mesenchymal cell states and inhibits hASPC adipogenesis through IGFBP2 secretion. Our analyses highlight the molecular and cellular uniqueness of different adipose niches, while our discovery of an anti-adipogenic IGFBP2+ omental-specific population provides a new rationale for the biomedically relevant, limited adipogenic capacity of omental hASPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radiana Ferrero
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Yde Rainer
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Rumpler
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magda Zachara
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guido van Mierlo
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Saelens
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Alpern
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Favre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Styliani Mantziari
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Zingg
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Michel Suter
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Matter
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | | | - Carles Canto
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Soskic MB, Zakic T, Korac A, Korac B, Jankovic A. Metabolic remodeling of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue during reacclimation of rats after cold. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:649-658. [PMID: 38241659 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Deciphering lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots during weight gain is important to understand the heterogeneity of WAT and its roles in obesity. Here, we examined the expression of key enzymes of lipid metabolism and changes in the morphology of representative visceral (epididymal) and subcutaneous (inguinal) WAT (eWAT and iWAT, respectively)-in adult male rats acclimated to cold (4 ± 1 °C) for 45 days and reacclimated to room temperature (RT, 22 ± 1 °C) for 1, 3, 7, 12, 21, or 45 days. The relative mass of both depots decreased to a similar extent after cold acclimation. However, fatty acid synthase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM) protein level increased only in eWAT, whereas adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression increased only in iWAT. During reacclimation, the relative mass of eWAT reached control values on day 12 and that of iWAT on day 45 of reacclimation. The faster recovery of eWAT mass is associated with higher expression of FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), G6PDH, and ACADM during reacclimation and a delayed increase in ATGL. The absence of an increase in proliferating cell nuclear antigen suggests that the observed depot-specific mass increase is predominantly due to metabolic adjustments. In summary, this study shows a differential rate of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight regain during post-cold reacclimation of rats at RT. Faster recovery of the visceral WAT as compared to subcutaneous WAT during reacclimation at RT could be attributed to observed differences in the expression patterns of lipid metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Budnar Soskic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Zakic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Shi Y, Yang X, Min J, Kong W, Hu X, Zhang J, Chen L. Advancements in culture technology of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells: implications for diabetes and its complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1343255. [PMID: 38681772 PMCID: PMC11045945 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies exhibit considerable promise in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Extensive research has been dedicated to elucidate the characteristics and potential applications of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Three-dimensional (3D) culture, characterized by rapid advancements, holds promise for efficacious treatment of diabetes and its complications. Notably, 3D cultured ASCs manifest enhanced cellular properties and functions compared to traditional monolayer-culture. In this review, the factors influencing the biological functions of ASCs during culture are summarized. Additionally, the effects of 3D cultured techniques on cellular properties compared to two-dimensional culture is described. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of 3D cultured ASCs in diabetes and its complications are discussed to provide insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinze Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
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4
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Murdolo G, Bartolini D, Tortoioli C, Vermigli C, Piroddi M, Galli F. Accumulation of 4-Hydroxynonenal Characterizes Diabetic Fat and Modulates Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose Precursor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16645. [PMID: 38068967 PMCID: PMC10705911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance in fat tissue appears to be causative of impaired glucose homeostasis. This "proof-of-concept" study investigated whether the peroxidation by-product of polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acids, namely 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), is formed by, and accumulates in, the adipose tissue (AT) of obese patients with type 2 diabetes (OBT2D) as compared with lean, nondiabetic control subjects (CTRL). Moreover, we studied the effects of 4-HNE on the cell viability and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Protein-HNE adducts in subcutaneous abdominal AT (SCAAT) biopsies from seven OBT2D and seven CTRL subjects were assessed using Western blot. The effects of 4-HNE were then studied in primary cultures of ASCs, focusing on cell viability, adipogenic differentiation, and the "canonical" Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways. When compared with the controls, the OBT2D patients displayed increased HNE-protein adducts in the SCAAT. The exposure of ASCs to 4-HNE fostered ROS production and led to a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. Notably, at concentrations that did not affect cell viability (1 μM), 4-HNE hampered adipogenic ASCs' differentiation through a timely-regulated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin, p38MAPK, ERK1/2- and JNK-mediated pathways. These "hypothesis-generating" data suggest that the increased accumulation of 4-HNE in the SCAAT of obese patients with type 2 diabetes may detrimentally affect adipose precursor cell differentiation, possibly contributing to the obesity-associated derangement of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (C.V.)
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Perugia, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Cristina Tortoioli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (C.V.)
| | - Cristiana Vermigli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (C.V.)
| | | | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Perugia, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (F.G.)
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5
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Palmgren H, Petkevicius K, Bartesaghi S, Ahnmark A, Ruiz M, Nilsson R, Löfgren L, Glover MS, Andréasson AC, Andersson L, Becquart C, Kurczy M, Kull B, Wallin S, Karlsson D, Hess S, Maresca M, Bohlooly-Y M, Peng XR, Pilon M. Elevated Adipocyte Membrane Phospholipid Saturation Does Not Compromise Insulin Signaling. Diabetes 2023; 72:1350-1363. [PMID: 36580483 PMCID: PMC10545576 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) levels in membrane phospholipids have been implicated in the development of metabolic disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased SFA content in cell membranes negatively impacts adipocyte insulin signaling. Preadipocyte cell models with elevated SFA levels in phospholipids were generated by disrupting the ADIPOR2 locus, which resulted in a striking twofold increase in SFA-containing phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, which persisted in differentiated adipocytes. Similar changes in phospholipid composition were observed in white adipose tissues isolated from the ADIPOR2-knockout mice. The SFA levels in phospholipids could be further increased by treating ADIPOR2-deficient cells with palmitic acid and resulted in reduced membrane fluidity and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse and human preadipocytes. Strikingly, increased SFA levels in differentiated adipocyte phospholipids had no effect on adipocyte gene expression or insulin signaling in vitro. Similarly, increased adipocyte phospholipid saturation did not impair white adipose tissue function in vivo, even in mice fed a high-saturated fat diet at thermoneutrality. We conclude that increasing SFA levels in adipocyte phospholipids is well tolerated and does not affect adipocyte insulin signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Palmgren
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kasparas Petkevicius
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ahnmark
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mario Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralf Nilsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Löfgren
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew S. Glover
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Anne-Christine Andréasson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Andersson
- Animal Science & Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cécile Becquart
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Kurczy
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Kull
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simonetta Wallin
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Karlsson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hess
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Xiao-Rong Peng
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Pilon
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gupta A, Efthymiou V, Kodani SD, Shamsi F, Patti ME, Tseng YH, Streets A. Mapping the transcriptional landscape of human white and brown adipogenesis using single-nuclei RNA-seq. Mol Metab 2023; 74:101746. [PMID: 37286033 PMCID: PMC10338377 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is key to maintaining organism-wide energy balance and healthy metabolic phenotype, making it critical to thoroughly comprehend its molecular regulation in humans. By single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) of over 20,000 differentiating white and brown preadipocytes, we constructed a high-resolution temporal transcriptional landscape of human white and brown adipogenesis. White and brown preadipocytes were isolated from a single individual's neck region, thereby eliminating inter-subject variability across two distinct lineages. These preadipocytes were also immortalized to allow for controlled, in vitro differentiation, allowing sampling of distinct cellular states across the spectrum of adipogenic progression. Pseudotemporal cellular ordering revealed the dynamics of ECM remodeling during early adipogenesis, and lipogenic/thermogenic response during late white/brown adipogenesis. Comparison with adipogenic regulation in murine models Identified several novel transcription factors as potential targets for adipogenic/thermogenic drivers in humans. Among these novel candidates, we explored the role of TRPS1 in adipocyte differentiation and showed that its knockdown impairs white adipogenesis in vitro. Key adipogenic and lipogenic markers revealed in our analysis were applied to analyze publicly available scRNA-seq datasets; these confirmed unique cell maturation features in recently discovered murine preadipocytes, and revealed inhibition of adipogenic expansion in humans with obesity. Overall, our study presents a comprehensive molecular description of both white and brown adipogenesis in humans and provides an important resource for future studies of adipose tissue development and function in both health and metabolic disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Gupta
- University of California at Berkeley, University of California at San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vissarion Efthymiou
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Mary Elizabeth Patti
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aaron Streets
- University of California at Berkeley, University of California at San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Song MK, Kim JE, Kim JT, Kang YE, Han SJ, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Ku BJ, Lee JH. GDF10 is related to obesity as an adipokine derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1159515. [PMID: 37529611 PMCID: PMC10390302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipokines are proteins that are secreted by the adipose tissue. Although they are associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders, most studies have focused on adipokines expressed by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to identify the adipokine potentially derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and its clinical significance. Methods Samples of SAT and VAT were obtained from six adult male patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for benign gall bladder disease. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by subjecting the samples to RNA sequencing. The serum concentration of selected proteins according to body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in 58 individuals. Results GDF10 showed significantly higher expression in the SAT, as per RNA sequencing (fold change = 5.8, adjusted P value = 0.009). Genes related to insulin response, glucose homeostasis, lipid homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism were suppressed when GDF10 expression was high in SAT, as per genotype-tissue expression data. The serum GDF10 concentration was higher in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (n = 35, 2674 ± 441 pg/mL) than in those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (n = 23, 2339 ± 639 pg/mL; P = 0.022). There was a positive correlation between BMI and serum GDF10 concentration (r = 0.308, P = 0.019). Conclusions GDF10 expression was higher in SAT than in VAT. Serum GDF10 concentration was high in patients with obesity. Therefore, GDF10 could be a SAT-derived protein related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jong Han
- Department of General Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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8
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Boulet N, Briot A, Jargaud V, Estève D, Rémaury A, Belles C, Viana P, Fontaine J, Murphy L, Déon C, Guillemot M, Pech C, Veeranagouda Y, Didier M, Decaunes P, Mouisel E, Carpéné C, Iacovoni JS, Zakaroff-Girard A, Grolleau JL, Galitzky J, Ledoux S, Guillemot JC, Bouloumié A. Notch activation shifts the fate decision of senescent progenitors toward myofibrogenesis in human adipose tissue. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13776. [PMID: 36617688 PMCID: PMC10014050 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a key event in the impairment of adipose tissue (AT) function with obesity and aging but the underlying molecular and cellular players remain to be fully defined, particularly with respect to the human AT progenitors. We have found distinct profiles of senescent progenitors based on AT location between stroma from visceral versus subcutaneous AT. In addition to flow cytometry, we characterized the location differences with transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, uncovering the genes and developmental pathways that are underlying replicative senescence. We identified key components to include INBHA as well as SFRP4 and GREM1, antagonists for the WNT and BMP pathways, in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and NOTCH3 in the senescence-associated intrinsic phenotype. Notch activation in AT progenitors inhibits adipogenesis and promotes myofibrogenesis independently of TGFβ. In addition, we demonstrate that NOTCH3 is enriched in the premyofibroblast progenitor subset, which preferentially accumulates in the visceral AT of patients with an early obesity trajectory. Herein, we reveal that NOTCH3 plays a role in the balance of progenitor fate determination preferring myofibrogenesis at the expense of adipogenesis. Progenitor NOTCH3 may constitute a tool to monitor replicative senescence and to limit AT dysfunction in obesity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boulet
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Briot
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Valentin Jargaud
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David Estève
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Rémaury
- Sanofi, Research & Development, Translational Sciences, Biochemistry Team, Chilly-Mazarin cedex, France
| | - Chloé Belles
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pénélope Viana
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Fontaine
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Murphy
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Déon
- Sanofi, Research & Development, Translational Sciences, Biochemistry Team, Chilly-Mazarin cedex, France
| | - Marie Guillemot
- Sanofi, Research & Development, Exploratory Unit, Proteomic Team, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Pech
- Sanofi, Research & Development, Exploratory Unit, Proteomic Team, Toulouse, France
| | - Yaligara Veeranagouda
- Sanofi, Research & Development, Translational Sciences, Biochemistry Team, Chilly-Mazarin cedex, France
| | - Michel Didier
- Sanofi, Research & Development, Translational Sciences, Biochemistry Team, Chilly-Mazarin cedex, France
| | - Pauline Decaunes
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team MetaDiab, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Carpéné
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jason S Iacovoni
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bioinformatic Core Facility, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Zakaroff-Girard
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Grolleau
- Plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, CHU Toulouse Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Galitzky
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Séverine Ledoux
- Center of Obesity, Explorations fonctionnelles, Louis Mourier Hospital (APHP), Université Paris Diderot, Colombes, France
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemot
- Sanofi, Research & Development, Translational Sciences, Biochemistry Team, Chilly-Mazarin cedex, France
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Team Dinamix, INSERM UMR1297 and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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9
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Cryobanking European Mink (Mustela lutreola) Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169319. [PMID: 36012583 PMCID: PMC9408899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The European mink (Mustela lutreola) is one of Europe’s most endangered species, and it is on the brink of extinction in the Iberian Peninsula. The species’ precarious situation requires the application of new ex situ conservation methodologies that complement the existing ex situ and in situ conservation measures. Here, we report for the first time the establishment of a biobank for European mink mesenchymal stem cells (emMSC) and oocytes from specimens found dead in the Iberian Peninsula, either free or in captivity. New emMSC lines were isolated from different tissues: bone marrow (emBM-MSC), oral mucosa (emOM-MSc), dermal skin (emDS-MSC), oviduct (emO-MSc), endometrium (emE-MSC), testicular (emT-MSC), and adipose tissue from two different adipose depots: subcutaneous (emSCA-MSC) and ovarian (emOA-MSC). All eight emMSC lines showed plastic adhesion, a detectable expression of characteristic markers of MSCs, and, when cultured under osteogenic and adipogenic conditions, differentiation capacity to these lineages. Additionally, we were able to keep 227 Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) in the biobank, 97 of which are grade I or II. The European mink MSC and oocyte biobank will allow for the conservation of the species’ genetic variability, the application of assisted reproduction techniques, and the development of in vitro models for studying the molecular mechanisms of infectious diseases that threaten the species’ precarious situation.
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10
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Diabesity in Elderly Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Mechanisms and Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147886. [PMID: 35887234 PMCID: PMC9318065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. In 2019, 550 million people were suffering from CVD and 18 million of them died as a result. Most of them had associated risk factors such as high fasting glucose, which caused 134 million deaths, and obesity, which accounted for 5.02 million deaths. Diabesity, a combination of type 2 diabetes and obesity, contributes to cardiac, metabolic, inflammation and neurohumoral changes that determine cardiac dysfunction (diabesity-related cardiomyopathy). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is distributed around the myocardium, promoting myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, particularly with preserved systolic function, atrial fibrillation and coronary atherosclerosis. In fact, several hypoglycaemic drugs have demonstrated a volume reduction of EAT and effects on its metabolic and inflammation profile. However, it is necessary to improve knowledge of the diabesity pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases for comprehensive patient management including drugs to optimize glucometabolic control. This review presents the mechanisms of diabesity associated with cardiovascular disease and their therapeutic implications.
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11
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Comparison of Biological Features of Wild European Rabbit Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Different Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126420. [PMID: 35742872 PMCID: PMC9224375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the European rabbit is an "endangered" species and a notorious biological model, the analysis and comparative characterization of new tissue sources of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) have not been well addressed. Here, we report for the first time the isolation and characterization of rMSCs derived from an animal belonging to a natural rabbit population within the native region of the species. New rMSC lines were isolated from different tissues: oral mucosa (rOM-MSC), dermal skin (rDS-MSC), subcutaneous adipose tissue (rSCA-MSC), ovarian adipose tissue (rOA-MSC), oviduct (rO-MSC), and mammary gland (rMG-MSC). The six rMSC lines showed plastic adhesion with fibroblast-like morphology and were all shown to be positive for CD44 and CD29 expression (characteristic markers of MSCs), and negative for CD34 or CD45 expression. In terms of pluripotency features, all rMSC lines expressed NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2. Furthermore, all rMSC lines cultured under osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic conditions showed differentiation capacity. In conclusion, this study describes the isolation and characterization of new rabbit cell lines from different tissue origins, with a clear mesenchymal pattern. We show that rMSC do not exhibit differences in terms of morphological features, expression of the cell surface, and intracellular markers of pluripotency and in vitro differentiation capacities, attributable to their tissue of origin.
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12
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Sun W, Zhang T, Hu S, Tang Q, Long X, Yang X, Gun S, Chen L. Chromatin accessibility landscape of stromal subpopulations reveals distinct metabolic and inflammatory features of porcine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13250. [PMID: 35646489 PMCID: PMC9138157 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fat accumulation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) confers increased risk for metabolic disorders of obesity, whereas accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with lower risk and may be protective. Previous studies have shed light on the gene expression profile differences between SAT and VAT; however, the chromatin accessibility landscape differences and how the cis-regulatory elements govern gene expression changes between SAT and VAT are unknown. Methods Pig were used to characterize the differences in chromatin accessibility between the two adipose depots-derived stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) using DNase-sequencing (DNase-seq). Using integrated data from DNase-seq, H3K27ac ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq), and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we investigated how the regulatory locus complexity regulated gene expression changes between SAT and VAT and the possible impact that these changes may have on the different biological functions of these two adipose depots. Results SVFs form SAT and VAT (S-SVF and V-SVF) have differential chromatin accessibility landscapes. The differential DNase I hypersensitive site (DHS)-associated genes, which indicate dynamic chromatin accessibility, were mainly involved in metabolic processes and inflammatory responses. Additionally, the Krüppel-like factor family of transcription factors were enriched in the differential DHSs. Furthermore, the chromatin accessibility data were highly associated with differential gene expression as indicated using H3K27ac ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data, supporting the validity of the differential gene expression determined using DNase-seq. Moreover, by combining epigenetic and transcriptomic data, we identified two candidate genes, NR1D1 and CRYM, could be crucial to regulate distinct metabolic and inflammatory characteristics between SAT and VAT. Together, these results uncovered differences in the transcription regulatory network and enriched the mechanistic understanding of the different biological functions between SAT and VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences (Ministry of Agriculture), Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences (Ministry of Agriculture), Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Silu Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Long
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences (Ministry of Agriculture), Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences (Ministry of Agriculture), Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
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13
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Scambi I, Peroni D, Nodari A, Merigo F, Benati D, Boschi F, Mannucci S, Frontini A, Visonà S, Sbarbati A, Krampera M, Galiè M. The transcriptional profile of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) mirrors the whitening of adipose tissue with age. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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14
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Pereira MJ, Vranic M, Kamble PG, Jernow H, Kristófi R, Holbikova E, Skrtic S, Kullberg J, Svensson MK, Hetty S, Eriksson JW. CDKN2C expression in adipose tissue is reduced in type II diabetes and central obesity: impact on adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage? Transl Res 2022; 242:105-121. [PMID: 34896253 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CDKN2C/p18 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2C) is a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle progression and has previously been associated with increased risk for type II diabetes (T2D) and reduced peripheral adipose tissue (AT) storage capacity. This study explored the role of CDKN2C in AT lipid and glucose metabolism in T2D. Expression of CDKN2C and other genes was analyzed by transcriptomics, or real-time PCR in subcutaneous AT (SAT) samples obtained from T2D and control subjects matched for sex, age and BMI and also in paired SAT and omental AT (OAT) samples. Functional studies included adipocyte glucose uptake and lipolysis rates. CRISPR/Cas9 CDKN2C gene knockdown was performed in human preadipocytes to assess adipogenesis. CDKN2C mRNA expression in SAT and OAT was reduced in T2D and obese subjects compared to controls. CDKN2C expression in SAT was inversely correlated with measures of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and visceral adiposity and positively correlated with expression of genes in several metabolic pathways, including insulin signaling and fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism. CDKN2C protein was mainly expressed in adipocytes compared to stromal vascular cells, and its gene and protein expression was up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation. Knockdown of CDKN2C did not affect the percentage of differentiating cells compared to wild type cultures. However, CDKN2C knockdown cultures had significantly lower expression of differentiation markers CEBPA, ADIPOQ and FASN and transiently reduced lipid accumulation per adipocyte during differentiation. Our findings suggest that adipose CDKN2C expression might be reduced as a consequence of insulin resistance and obesity, and this can further contribute to impairment of SAT lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Milica Vranic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henning Jernow
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Kristófi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ema Holbikova
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Innovation Strategies & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technologies & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria K Svensson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Renal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Secco B, Saitoski K, Drareni K, Soprani A, Pechberty S, Rachdi L, Venteclef N, Scharfmann R. Loss of Human Beta Cell Identity in a Reconstructed Omental Stromal Cell Environment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060924. [PMID: 35326375 PMCID: PMC8946101 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In human type 2 diabetes, adipose tissue plays an important role in disturbing glucose homeostasis by secreting factors that affect the function of cells and tissues throughout the body, including insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. We aimed here at studying the paracrine effect of stromal cells isolated from subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue on human beta cells. We developed an in vitro model wherein the functional human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 was treated with conditioned media from human adipose tissues. By using RNA-sequencing and western blotting, we determined that a conditioned medium derived from omental stromal cells stimulates several pathways, such as STAT, SMAD and RELA, in EndoC-βH1 cells. We also observed that upon treatment, the expression of beta cell markers decreased while dedifferentiation markers increased. Loss-of-function experiments that efficiently blocked specific signaling pathways did not reverse dedifferentiation, suggesting the implication of more than one pathway in this regulatory process. Taken together, we demonstrate that soluble factors derived from stromal cells isolated from human omental adipose tissue signal human beta cells and modulate their identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Secco
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Kevin Saitoski
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Karima Drareni
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Antoine Soprani
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (N.V.)
- Clinique Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Ramsey General de Santé, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Severine Pechberty
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Latif Rachdi
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(33)-1-76-53-55-68
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16
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Favaretto F, Bettini S, Busetto L, Milan G, Vettor R. Adipogenic progenitors in different organs: Pathophysiological implications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:71-85. [PMID: 34716543 PMCID: PMC8873140 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In physiological conditions, the adipose organ resides in well-defined areas, where it acts providing an energy supply and as an endocrine organ involved in the control of whole-body energy metabolism. Adipose tissue adipokines connect the body's nutritional status to the regulation of energy balance. When it surrounds organs, it provides also for mechanical protection. Adipose tissue has a complex and heterogenous cellular composition that includes adipocytes, adipose tissue-derived stromal and stem cells (ASCs) which are mesenchymal stromal cells, and endothelial and immune cells, which signal to each other and to other tissues to maintain homeostasis. In obesity and in other nutrition related diseases, as well as in age-related diseases, biological and functional changes of adipose tissue give rise to several complications. Obesity triggers alterations of ASCs, impairing adipose tissue remodeling and adipose tissue function, which induces low-grade systemic inflammation, progressive insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue grows by hyperplasia recruiting new ASCs and by hypertrophy, up to its expandability limit. To overcome this limitation and to store the excess of nutrients, adipose tissue develops ectopically, involving organs such as muscle, bone marrow and the heart. The origin of ectopic adipose organ is not clearly elucidated, and a possible explanation lies in the stimulation of the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells which normally differentiate toward a lineage specific for the organ in which they reside. The chronic exposition of these newly-formed adipose depots to the pathological environment, will confer to them all the phenotypic characteristics of a dysfunctional adipose tissue, perpetuating the organ alterations. Visceral fat, but also ectopic fat, either in the liver, muscle or heart, can increase the risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Being able to prevent and to target dysfunctional adipose tissue will avoid the progression towards the complications of obesity and other nutrition-related diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize some of the knowledge regarding the presence of adipose tissue in particular tissues (where it is not usually present), describing the composition of its adipogenic precursors, and the interactions responsible for the development of organ pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Favaretto
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
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17
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Gavin KM, Sullivan TM, Maltzahn JK, Rahkola JT, Acosta AS, Kohrt WM, Majka SM, Klemm DJ. Hematopoietic stem cells produce intermediate lineage adipocyte progenitors that simultaneously express both myeloid and mesenchymal lineage markers in adipose tissue. Adipocyte 2021; 10:394-407. [PMID: 34404315 PMCID: PMC8381847 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1957290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some adipocytes are produced from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. In vitro studies previously indicated that these bone marrow-derived adipocytes (BMDAs) were generated from adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) that lose their hematopoietic markers and acquire mesenchymal markers prior to terminal adipogenic differentiation. Here we interrogated whether this hematopoietic-to-mesenchymal transition drives BMDA production In vitro. We generated transgenic mice in which the lysozyme gene promoter (LysM) indelibly labeled ATM with green fluorescent protein (GFP). We discovered that adipose stroma contained a population of LysM-positive myeloid cells that simultaneously expressed hematopoietic/myeloid markers (CD45 and CD11b), and mesenchymal markers (CD29, PDGFRa and Sca-1) typically found on conventional adipocyte progenitors. These cells were capable of adipogenic differentiation In vitro and In vitro, while other stromal populations deficient in PDGFRa and Sca-1 were non-adipogenic. BMDAs and conventional adipocytes expressed common fat cell markers but exhibited little or no expression of hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenitor cell markers. The data indicate that BMDAs are produced from ATM simultaneously expressing hematopoietic and mesenchymal markers rather than via a stepwise hematopoietic-to-mesenchymal transition. Because BMDA production is stimulated by high fat feeding, their production from hematopoietic progenitors may maintain adipocyte production when conventional adipocyte precursors are diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Gavin
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy M. Sullivan
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joanne K. Maltzahn
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jeremy T. Rahkola
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alistair S. Acosta
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wendy M. Kohrt
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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18
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Shen JX, Couchet M, Dufau J, de Castro Barbosa T, Ulbrich MH, Helmstädter M, Kemas AM, Zandi Shafagh R, Marques M, Hansen JB, Mejhert N, Langin D, Rydén M, Lauschke VM. 3D Adipose Tissue Culture Links the Organotypic Microenvironment to Improved Adipogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100106. [PMID: 34165908 PMCID: PMC8373086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and impaired adipogenesis. Understanding the molecular underpinnings that control adipogenesis is thus of fundamental importance for the development of novel therapeutics against metabolic disorders. However, translational approaches are hampered as current models do not accurately recapitulate adipogenesis. Here, a scaffold-free versatile 3D adipocyte culture platform with chemically defined conditions is presented in which primary human preadipocytes accurately recapitulate adipogenesis. Following differentiation, multi-omics profiling and functional tests demonstrate that 3D adipocyte cultures feature mature molecular and cellular phenotypes similar to freshly isolated mature adipocytes. Spheroids exhibit physiologically relevant gene expression signatures with 4704 differentially expressed genes compared to conventional 2D cultures (false discovery rate < 0.05), including the concerted expression of factors shaping the adipogenic niche. Furthermore, lipid profiles of >1000 lipid species closely resemble patterns of the corresponding isogenic mature adipocytes in vivo (R2 = 0.97). Integration of multi-omics signatures with analyses of the activity profiles of 503 transcription factors using global promoter motif inference reveals a complex signaling network, involving YAP, Hedgehog, and TGFβ signaling, that links the organotypic microenvironment in 3D culture to the activation and reinforcement of PPARγ and CEBP activity resulting in improved adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne X. Shen
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Jérémy Dufau
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
| | - Thais de Castro Barbosa
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Maximilian H. Ulbrich
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity Hospital Freiburg and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79106Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity Hospital Freiburg and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79106Germany
| | - Aurino M. Kemas
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
- Division of Micro‐ and NanosystemsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm100 44Sweden
| | - Marie‐Adeline Marques
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
| | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen2100Denmark
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- InsermInstitute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)UMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Université de ToulouseUniversité Paul SabatierFaculté de Médecine, I2MCUMR1297Toulouse31432France
- Toulouse University HospitalsDepartment of BiochemistryToulouse31079France
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of MedicineHuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
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19
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Osawa S, Kato H, Maeda Y, Takakura H, Ogasawara J, Izawa T. Metabolomic Profiles in Adipocytes Differentiated from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Following Exercise Training or High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020966. [PMID: 33478060 PMCID: PMC7835847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is attracting attention as a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we aimed to observe the effect of exercise training (TR) and high-fat diet (HFD) on the metabolic profiles of ADSCs-derived adipocytes. The rats were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND)-fed control (ND-SED), ND-fed TR (ND-TR), HFD-fed control (HFD-SED), and HFD-fed TR (HFD-TR). After 9 weeks of intervention, ADSCs of epididymal and inguinal adipose tissues were differentiated into adipocytes. In the metabolome analysis of adipocytes after isoproterenol stimulation, 116 metabolites were detected. The principal component analysis demonstrated that ADSCs-derived adipocytes segregated into four clusters in each fat pad. Amino acid accumulation was greater in epididymal ADSCs-derived adipocytes of ND-TR and HFD-TR, but lower in inguinal ADSCs-derived adipocytes of ND-TR, than in the respective controls. HFD accumulated several metabolites including amino acids in inguinal ADSCs-derived adipocytes and more other metabolites in epididymal ones. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that TR mainly affected the pathways related to amino acid metabolism, except in inguinal ADSCs-derived adipocytes of HFD-TR rats. These findings provide a new way to understand the mechanisms underlying possible changes in the differentiation of ADSCs due to TR or HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seita Osawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kato
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Organisation for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takakura
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Division of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
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20
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Dufau J, Shen JX, Couchet M, De Castro Barbosa T, Mejhert N, Massier L, Griseti E, Mouisel E, Amri EZ, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Langin D. In vitro and ex vivo models of adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C822-C841. [PMID: 33439778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are specialized cells with pleiotropic roles in physiology and pathology. Several types of fat cells with distinct metabolic properties coexist in various anatomically defined fat depots in mammals. White, beige, and brown adipocytes differ in their handling of lipids and thermogenic capacity, promoting differences in size and morphology. Moreover, adipocytes release lipids and proteins with paracrine and endocrine functions. The intrinsic properties of adipocytes pose specific challenges in culture. Mature adipocytes float in suspension culture due to high triacylglycerol content and are fragile. Moreover, a fully differentiated state, notably acquirement of the unilocular lipid droplet of white adipocyte, has so far not been reached in two-dimensional culture. Cultures of mouse and human-differentiated preadipocyte cell lines and primary cells have been established to mimic white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Here, we survey various models of differentiated preadipocyte cells and primary mature adipocyte survival describing main characteristics, culture conditions, advantages, and limitations. An important development is the advent of three-dimensional culture, notably of adipose spheroids that recapitulate in vivo adipocyte function and morphology in fat depots. Challenges for the future include isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells from different anatomic location in animal models and humans differing in sex, age, fat mass, and pathophysiological conditions. Further understanding of fat cell physiology and dysfunction will be achieved through genetic manipulation, notably CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Capturing adipocyte heterogeneity at the single-cell level within a single fat depot will be key to understanding diversities in cardiometabolic parameters among lean and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufau
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Mejhert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Griseti
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
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21
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H. Is Adipose Tissue the Fountain of Youth? The Impact of Adipose Stem Cell Aging on Metabolic Homeostasis, Longevity, and Cell-Based Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:225-250. [PMID: 33725357 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is driven by four interlinked processes: (1) low-grade sterile inflammation; (2) macromolecular and organelle dysfunction, including DNA damage, telomere erosion, and mitochondrial dysfunction; (3) stem cell dysfunction; and (4) an accumulation of senescent cells in tissues. Adipose tissue is not immune to the effects of time, and all four of these processes contribute to a decline of adipose tissue function with advanced age. This decline is associated with an increase in metabolic disorders. Conversely, optimally functioning adipose tissue generates signals that promote longevity. As tissue-resident progenitor cells that actively participate in adipose tissue homeostasis and dysregulation, adipose stem cells (ASCs) have emerged as a key feature in the relationship between age and adipose tissue function. This review will give a mechanistic overview of the myriad ways in which age affects ASC function and, conversely, how ASC function contribute to healthspan and lifespan. A central mediator in this relationship is the degree of resilience of ASCs to maintain stemness into advanced age and the consequent preservation of adipose tissue function, in particular subcutaneous fat. The last sections of this review will discuss therapeutic options that target senescent ASCs to extend healthspan and lifespan, as well as ASC-based therapies that can be used to treat age-related pathologies, and collectively, these therapeutic applications may transform the way we age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Parow, South Africa.
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22
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Strieder-Barboza C, Baker NA, Flesher CG, Karmakar M, Patel A, Lumeng CN, O’Rourke RW. Depot-specific adipocyte-extracellular matrix metabolic crosstalk in murine obesity. Adipocyte 2020; 9:189-196. [PMID: 32272860 PMCID: PMC7153651 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1749500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues have distinct metabolic phenotypes. We hypothesized that the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates depot-specific differences in adipocyte metabolic function in murine obesity. VAT and SAT preadipocytes from lean or obese mice were subject to adipogenic differentiation in standard 2D culture on plastic tissue culture plates or in 3D culture in ECM, followed by metabolic profiling. Adipocytes from VAT relative to SAT manifested impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and decreased adipogenic capacity. In 3D-ECM-adipocyte culture, ECM regulated adipocyte metabolism in a depot-specific manner, with SAT ECM rescuing defects in glucose uptake and adipogenic gene expression in VAT adipocytes, while VAT ECM impaired adipogenic gene expression in SAT adipocytes. These findings demonstrate that ECM-adipocyte crosstalk regulates depot-specific differences in adipocyte metabolic dysfunction in murine obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicki A. Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carmen G. Flesher
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Monita Karmakar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ayush Patel
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N. Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert W. O’Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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23
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Trivanović D, Vignjević Petrinović S, Okić Djordjević I, Kukolj T, Bugarski D, Jauković A. Adipogenesis in Different Body Depots and Tumor Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571648. [PMID: 33072753 PMCID: PMC7536553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) forms depots at different anatomical locations throughout the body, being in subcutaneous and visceral regions, as well as the bone marrow. These ATs differ in the adipocyte functional profile, their insulin sensitivity, adipokines’ production, lipolysis, and response to pathologic conditions. Despite the recent advances in lineage tracing, which have demonstrated that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes derived from distinct progenitor populations, the cellular and molecular dissection of the adipose clonogenic stem cell niche is still a great challenge. Additional complexity in AT regulation is associated with tumor-induced changes that affect adipocyte phenotype. As an integrative unit of cell differentiation, AT microenvironment regulates various phenotype outcomes of differentiating adipogenic lineages, which consequently may contribute to the neoplastic phenotype manifestations. Particularly interesting is the capacity of AT to impose and support the aberrant potency of stem cells that accompanies tumor development. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the communication between adipocytes and their progenitors with tumor cells, pointing out to the co-existence of healthy and neoplastic stem cell niches developed during tumor evolution. We also discuss tumor-induced adaptations in mature adipocytes and the involvement of alternative differentiation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drenka Trivanović
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Clinics, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine Center for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sanja Vignjević Petrinović
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Okić Djordjević
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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24
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Ushijima K, Suzuki C, Kitamura H, Shimada K, Kawata H, Tanaka A, Horie H, Hosoya Y, Imai Y, Yamashita C, Fujimura A. Expression of clock gene Dbp in omental and mesenteric adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001465. [PMID: 32816832 PMCID: PMC7437886 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported in ob/ob mice, one of animal models of human type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), that (i) acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) at the promoter region of clock gene Dbp and DBP mRNA expression are reduced in epididymal adipose tissue, (ii) binding of DBP to the promoter region of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Ppar)-γ and mRNA expression of PPAR-γ1sv were decreased in preadipocytes and (iii) adiponectin secretion was decreased, leading to the impaired insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether such the changes in visceral adipose tissue were detected in patients with DM2. We obtained omental and mesenteric adipose tissue during surgery of lymph node dissection for gastric and colorectal cancers, and investigated these variables in adipose tissue (omental from gastric cancer; 13 non-DM, 12 DM2: mesenteric from colorectal cancer; 12 non-DM, 11 DM2). RESULTS Acetylation of histone H3K9 at the promoter region of Dbp and DBP mRNA expression in omental, but not in mesenteric adipose tissue were significantly lower in DM2 than in patients without DM. PPAR-γ mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue was also lower in patients with DM2, but not in mesenteric adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The changes in DBP-PPAR-γ axis observed in mice with diabetes were also detected in patients with DM2. Because adiponectin secretion is reported to be enhanced through the PPAR-γ-related mechanism, this study supports the hypothesis that omental adipose tissue is involved in the mechanism of DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyoonoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Chisato Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kitamura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Shimada
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kawata
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hosoya
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Imai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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25
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Tencerova M, Frost M, Figeac F, Nielsen TK, Ali D, Lauterlein JJL, Andersen TL, Haakonsson AK, Rauch A, Madsen JS, Ejersted C, Højlund K, Kassem M. Obesity-Associated Hypermetabolism and Accelerated Senescence of Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells Suggest a Potential Mechanism for Bone Fragility. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2050-2062.e6. [PMID: 31091445 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk for fragility fractures. However, the cellular mechanisms are unknown. Using a translational approach combining RNA sequencing and cellular analyses, we investigated bone marrow stromal stem cells (BM-MSCs) of 54 men divided into lean, overweight, and obese groups on the basis of BMI. Compared with BM-MSCs obtained from lean, obese BM-MSCs exhibited a shift of molecular phenotype toward committed adipocytic progenitors and increased expression of metabolic genes involved in glycolytic and oxidoreductase activity. Interestingly, compared with paired samples of peripheral adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (AT-MSCs), insulin signaling of obese BM-MSCs was enhanced and accompanied by increased abundance of insulin receptor positive (IR+) and leptin receptor positive (LEPR+) cells in BM-MSC cultures. Their hyper-activated metabolic state was accompanied by an accelerated senescence phenotype. Our data provide a plausible explanation for the bone fragility in obesity caused by enhanced insulin signaling leading to accelerated metabolic senescence of BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Morten Frost
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Florence Figeac
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tina Kamilla Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dalia Ali
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jens-Jacob Lindegaard Lauterlein
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anders Kristian Haakonsson
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Institute of Regional Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ejersted
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M, Kehr S, Klöting N, Krohn K, Adams K, Stadler PF, Mendham AE, Goedecke JH. Distinct abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue transcriptome signatures are altered by exercise training in African women with obesity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10240. [PMID: 32581226 PMCID: PMC7314771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential associations of adipose depots with metabolic risk during obesity have been proposed to be controlled by environmental and genetic factors. We evaluated the regional differences in transcriptome signatures between abdominal (aSAT) and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (gSAT) in obese black South African women and tested the hypothesis that 12-week exercise training alters gene expression patterns in a depot-specific manner. Twelve young women performed 12-weeks of supervised aerobic and resistance training. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), whole-body composition and unbiased gene expression analysis of SAT depots. VO2peak increased, body weight decreased, and body fat distribution improved with exercise training (p < 0.05). The expression of 15 genes, mainly associated with embryonic development, differed between SAT depots at baseline, whereas 318 genes were differentially expressed post-training (p < 0.05). Four developmental genes were differentially expressed between these depots at both time points (HOXA5, DMRT2, DMRT3 and CSN1S1). Exercise training induced changes in the expression of genes associated with immune and inflammatory responses, and lipid metabolism in gSAT, and muscle-associated processes in aSAT. This study showed differences in developmental processes regulating SAT distribution and expandability of distinct depots, and depot-specific adaptation to exercise training in black South African women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kehr
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- Core Unit DNA-Technologies, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Adams
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Kahn CR, Wang G, Lee KY. Altered adipose tissue and adipocyte function in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:3990-4000. [PMID: 31573548 DOI: 10.1172/jci129187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, great progress has been made in understanding the complexity of adipose tissue biology and its role in metabolism. This includes new insights into the multiple layers of adipose tissue heterogeneity, not only differences between white and brown adipocytes, but also differences in white adipose tissue at the depot level and even heterogeneity of white adipocytes within a single depot. These inter- and intra-depot differences in adipocytes are developmentally programmed and contribute to the wide range of effects observed in disorders with fat excess (overweight/obesity) or fat loss (lipodystrophy). Recent studies also highlight the underappreciated dynamic nature of adipose tissue, including potential to undergo rapid turnover and dedifferentiation and as a source of stem cells. Finally, we explore the rapidly expanding field of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, and how adipose tissue communicates with other tissues to regulate systemic metabolism both centrally and peripherally through secretion of adipocyte-derived peptide hormones, inflammatory mediators, signaling lipids, and miRNAs packaged in exosomes. Together these attributes and complexities create a robust, multidimensional signaling network that is central to metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guoxiao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, and.,The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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28
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Loh NY, Minchin JEN, Pinnick KE, Verma M, Todorčević M, Denton N, Moustafa JES, Kemp JP, Gregson CL, Evans DM, Neville MJ, Small KS, McCarthy MI, Mahajan A, Rawls JF, Karpe F, Christodoulides C. RSPO3 impacts body fat distribution and regulates adipose cell biology in vitro. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2797. [PMID: 32493999 PMCID: PMC7271210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat distribution is an independent cardiometabolic risk factor. However, its molecular and cellular underpinnings remain obscure. Here we demonstrate that two independent GWAS signals at RSPO3, which are associated with increased body mass index-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio, act to specifically increase RSPO3 expression in subcutaneous adipocytes. These variants are also associated with reduced lower-body fat, enlarged gluteal adipocytes and insulin resistance. Based on human cellular studies RSPO3 may limit gluteofemoral adipose tissue (AT) expansion by suppressing adipogenesis and increasing gluteal adipocyte susceptibility to apoptosis. RSPO3 may also promote upper-body fat distribution by stimulating abdominal adipose progenitor (AP) proliferation. The distinct biological responses elicited by RSPO3 in abdominal versus gluteal APs in vitro are associated with differential changes in WNT signalling. Zebrafish carrying a nonsense rspo3 mutation display altered fat distribution. Our study identifies RSPO3 as an important determinant of peripheral AT storage capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Y Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - James E N Minchin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Manu Verma
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Marijana Todorčević
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nathan Denton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | | | - John P Kemp
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - David M Evans
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
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29
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Matsuo FS, Cavalcanti de Araújo PH, Mota RF, Carvalho AJR, Santos de Queiroz M, Baldo de Almeida B, Ferreira KCDOS, Metzner RJM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Osako MK. RANKL induces beige adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E866-E877. [PMID: 32315212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00397.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) are a triad of proteins that regulate bone metabolism, and serum OPG is considered a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes; however, the implications of OPG in adipose tissue metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we investigate RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling in white adipose tissue browning. Histological analysis of osteoprotegerin knockout (OPG-/-) mice showed subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) browning, resistance for high-fat diet-induced weight gain, and preserved glucose metabolism compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from sWAT of OPG-/- mice showed multilocular morphology and higher expression of brown adipocyte marker genes compared with those from the WT group. Infusion of RANKL induced browning and elevated respiratory rates in sWAT, along with increased whole body oxygen consumption in mice measured by indirect calorimetry. Subcutaneous WAT-derived SVF and 3T3-L1 cells, but not mature white adipocytes, differentiated into beige adipose tissue in the presence of RANKL. Moreover, SVF cells, even under white adipocyte differentiation, showed multilocular lipid droplet, lower lipid content, and increased expression of beige adipocyte markers with RANKL stimulation. In this study, we show for the first time the contribution of RANKL to increase energy expenditure by inducing beige adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes, Beige/cytology
- Adipocytes, Beige/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Beige/ultrastructure
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/ultrastructure
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Calorimetry, Indirect
- Diet, High-Fat
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Lipid Droplets/ultrastructure
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Obesity/metabolism
- Osteoprotegerin/genetics
- Osteoprotegerin/metabolism
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
- Oxygen Consumption/genetics
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- RANK Ligand/pharmacology
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Subcutaneous Fat/drug effects
- Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism
- Weight Gain/drug effects
- Weight Gain/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Sayuri Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Cavalcanti de Araújo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ryerson Fonseca Mota
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Júlia Rossoni Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Baldo de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristine de Oliveira Santos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Jair Morandi Metzner
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Kiomy Osako
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Than WH, Chan GCK, Ng JKC, Szeto CC. The role of obesity on chronic kidney disease development, progression, and cardiovascular complications. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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31
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Bracht JR, Vieira‐Potter VJ, De Souza Santos R, Öz OK, Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. The role of estrogens in the adipose tissue milieu. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1461:127-143. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Orhan K. Öz
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas
| | - Biff F. Palmer
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas
| | - Deborah J. Clegg
- College of Nursing and Health ProfessionsDrexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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32
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Vyas KS, Bole M, Vasconez HC, Banuelos JM, Martinez-Jorge J, Tran N, Lemaine V, Mardini S, Bakri K. Profile of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Obese and Lean Environments. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:1635-1645. [PMID: 31267153 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the demand for stem cells in regenerative medicine, new methods of isolating stem cells are highly sought. Adipose tissue is a readily available and non-controversial source of multipotent stem cells that carries a low risk for potential donors. However, elevated donor body mass index has been associated with an altered cellular microenvironment and thus has implications for stem cell efficacy in recipients. This review explored the literature on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and the effect of donor obesity on cellular function. METHODS A review of published articles on obesity and ASCs was conducted with the PubMed database and the following search terms: obesity, overweight, adipose-derived stem cells and ASCs. Two investigators screened and reviewed the relevant abstracts. RESULTS There is agreement on reduced ASC function in response to obesity in terms of angiogenic differentiation, proliferation, migration, viability, and an altered and inflammatory transcriptome. Osteogenic differentiation and cell yield do not show reasonable agreement. Weight loss partially rescues some of the aforementioned features. CONCLUSIONS Generally, obesity reduces ASC qualities and may have an effect on the therapeutic value of ASCs. Because weight loss and some biomolecules have been shown to rescue these qualities, further research should be conducted on methods to return obese-derived ASCs to baseline. LEVEL V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors- www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna S Vyas
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Madhav Bole
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, 339 Windermere Rd., London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Henry C Vasconez
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joseph M Banuelos
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jorys Martinez-Jorge
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nho Tran
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Valerie Lemaine
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Samir Mardini
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Karim Bakri
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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33
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Cho DS, Lee B, Doles JD. Refining the adipose progenitor cell landscape in healthy and obese visceral adipose tissue using single-cell gene expression profiling. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/6/e201900561. [PMID: 31767614 PMCID: PMC6878222 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work dissects adipose progenitor cell (APC) heterogeneity in normal and obese adipose tissue using single-cell expression profiling. Novel APC subpopulations are identified and characterized. Obesity is a serious health concern and is associated with a reduced quality of life and a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. With obesity rates on the rise worldwide, adipose tissue biology has become a top biomedical research priority. Despite steady growth in obesity-related research, more investigation into the basic biology of adipose tissue is needed to drive innovative solutions aiming to curtail the obesity epidemic. Adipose progenitor cells (APCs) play a central role in adipose tissue homeostasis and coordinate adipose tissue expansion and remodeling. Although APCs are well studied, defining and characterizing APC subsets remains ambiguous because of ill-defined cellular heterogeneity within this cellular compartment. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to create a cellular atlas of APC heterogeneity in mouse visceral adipose tissue. Our analysis identified two distinct populations of adipose tissue–derived stem cells (ASCs) and three distinct populations of preadipocytes (PAs). We identified novel cell surface markers that, when used in combination with traditional ASC and preadipocyte markers, could discriminate between these APC subpopulations by flow cytometry. Prospective isolation and molecular characterization of these APC subpopulations confirmed single-cell RNA sequencing gene expression signatures, and ex vivo culture revealed differential expansion/differentiation capabilities. Obese visceral adipose tissue featured relative expansion of less mature ASC and PA subpopulations, and expression analyses revealed major obesity-associated signaling alterations within each APC subpopulation. Taken together, our study highlights cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity within the APC pool, provides new tools to prospectively isolate and study these novel subpopulations, and underscores the importance of considering APC diversity when studying the etiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Seong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bolim Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason D Doles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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34
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Lumish HS, O'Reilly M, Reilly MP. Sex Differences in Genomic Drivers of Adipose Distribution and Related Cardiometabolic Disorders: Opportunities for Precision Medicine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:45-60. [PMID: 31747800 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the human genetics, epidemiology, and molecular pathophysiology of sex differences in central obesity, adipose distribution, and related cardiometabolic disorders. Distribution of fat is important for cardiometabolic health, with peripheral fat depots having a protective effect and central visceral fat depots conferring a detrimental effect on health. There are important sex differences in fat distribution that are masked when studying body mass index as a measure of obesity. From epidemiological, murine, and in vitro studies, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the sex differences in adipose distribution, including sex hormonal effects, cell-intrinsic properties, and the microenvironment in fat depots. More recently, human genetics have revealed hundreds of loci for central obesity providing disruptive opportunities for mechanistic discoveries and clinical translation. A striking feature is that over one-third of these loci have reproducible but poorly understood sexual dimorphic associations with central obesity, most having stronger effects in women. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of adipose distribution and its sexual dimorphism in humans provides a unique opportunity to promote the use of precision medicine for early identification of at-risk individuals, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for central obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi S Lumish
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (H.S.L., M.O., M.P.R.)
| | - Marcella O'Reilly
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (H.S.L., M.O., M.P.R.)
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (H.S.L., M.O., M.P.R.).,Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
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35
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Sun W, Yu S, Han H, Yuan Q, Chen J, Xu G. Resveratrol Inhibits Human Visceral Preadipocyte Proliferation and Differentiation
in vitro. Lipids 2019; 54:679-686. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthNantong University Nantong 226019 China
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public HealthNantong University Nantong 226019 China
| | - Haiyin Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food EngineeringHebei University of Engineering Handan 056021 China
| | - Qianting Yuan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthNantong University Nantong 226019 China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthNantong University Nantong 226019 China
| | - Guangfei Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthNantong University Nantong 226019 China
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36
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Knani L, Bartolini D, Kechiche S, Tortoioli C, Murdolo G, Moretti M, Messaoudi I, Reiter RJ, Galli F. Melatonin prevents cadmium-induced bone damage: First evidence on an improved osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation balance of mesenchymal stem cells as underlying mechanism. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12597. [PMID: 31340072 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) plays a role in preserving bone health, a function that may depend on homeostatic effects on both mature osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the bone tissue. In this study, these functions of MLT have been investigated in rat bone (femur) and in human adipose MSC (hMSC) during chronic exposure to low-grade cadmium (Cd) toxicity, a serious public health concern. The in vivo findings demonstrate that MLT protects against Cd-induced bone metabolism disruption and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes, a cue of impaired osteogenic potential of skeletal MSC niches. This latter symptom was recapitulated in hMSCs in which Cd toxicity stimulated adipogenic differentiation. MLT was found to rescue, at least in part, the osteogenic differentiation properties of these cells. This study reports on a new bone cytoprotection function of MLT pertinent to Cd toxicity and its interfering effect on skeletal MSC differentiation properties that is worth investigating for its possible impact on human bone pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Knani
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Safa Kechiche
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Cristina Tortoioli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdolo
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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37
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Kumari R, Kumar S, Kant R. An update on metabolic syndrome: Metabolic risk markers and adipokines in the development of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2409-2417. [PMID: 31405652 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of physiological and biochemical abnormalities about 20-25% of adult population in developing countries is suffering from metabolic syndrome. Previous research demonstrated that adipose tissue plays an important role in energy regulation via endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals as results of obesity due to accumulation of adipose tissue to excess that by time affects negatively both physical and psychological health and well being, it has been found that adipose tissues produces a variety of factors known as "adipokines" which play a key role in the development and progression of the disease and also hypothesized that adipokines are a possible link between obesity and the other risk components of the Metabolic syndrome. Many of the adipokines exert multiple actions in a variety of cellular processes leading to a complex array of abnormal characteristic of Metabolic syndrome. Abnormal production of these adipokines by expanded visceral fat during Adiposity contributes to a pro-inflammatory state. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant production/release of adipokine from adipocyte i.e. adiponectin, leptin and resistin etc, may contribute to the health problems associated with Adiposity such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. This study conclusively have shown a significant role of adipokines secreted by adipose tissue and various metabolic risk markers play a important role in the development of Metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology AIIMS, Rishikesh, India.
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Molecular Biology AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
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38
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Metabolic Phenotyping of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Reveals a Unique Signature and Intrinsic Differences between Fat Pads. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9323864. [PMID: 31223312 PMCID: PMC6541987 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9323864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissues are functionally heterogeneous and differently manage the excess of energy supply. While the expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) is protective in obesity, that of visceral adipose tissues (VAT) correlates with the emergence of metabolic diseases. Maintained in fat pads throughout life, adipose stem cells (ASC) are mesenchymal-like stem cells with adipogenesis and multipotent differentiation potential. ASC from distinct fat pads have long been reported to present distinct proliferation and differentiation potentials that are maintained in culture, yet the origins of these intrinsic differences are still unknown. Metabolism is central to stem cell fate decision in line with environmental changes. In this study, we performed high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analyses of ASC culture supernatants in order to characterize their metabolic phenotype in culture. We identified and quantified 29 ASC exometabolites and evaluated their consumption or secretion over 72 h of cell culture. Both ASC used glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, as evidenced by the high secretions of lactate and citrate, respectively, but V-ASC mostly used glycolysis. By varying the composition of the cell culture medium, we showed that glutaminolysis, rather than glycolysis, supported the secretion of pyruvate, alanine, and citrate, evidencing a peculiar metabolism in ASC cells. The comparison of the two types of ASC in glutamine-free culture conditions also revealed the role of glutaminolysis in the limitation of pyruvate routing towards the lactate synthesis, in S-ASC but not in V-ASC. Altogether, our results suggest a difference between depots in the capacity of ASC mitochondria to assimilate pyruvate, with probable consequences on their differentiation potential in pathways requiring an increased mitochondrial activity. These results highlight a pivotal role of metabolic mechanisms in the discrimination between ASC and provide new perspectives in the understanding of their functional differences.
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39
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Luong Q, Huang J, Lee KY. Deciphering White Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020023. [PMID: 30978929 PMCID: PMC6628053 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue not only stores energy, but also controls metabolism through secretion of hormones, cytokines, proteins, and microRNAs that affect the function of cells and tissues throughout the body. Adipose tissue is organized into discrete depots throughout the body, and these depots are differentially associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of metabolic disease. In addition to energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes, recent lineage tracing studies have demonstrated that individual adipose depots are composed of white adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to distinct subpopulations of energy-storing white adipocytes. In this review, we discuss this developmental and functional heterogeneity of white adipocytes both between and within adipose depots. In particular, we will highlight findings from our recent manuscript in which we find and characterize three major subtypes of white adipocytes. We will discuss these data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue and in relationship to previous work deciphering adipocyte heterogeneity within adipose tissue depots. Finally, we will discuss the possible implications of adipocyte heterogeneity may have for the understanding of lipodystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen Luong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Kevin Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Silva KR, Baptista LS. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells from different adipose depots in obesity development. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:147-166. [PMID: 30949294 PMCID: PMC6441940 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity is alarming because it is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes). The occurrence of these comorbidities in obese patients can arise from white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunctions, which affect metabolism, insulin sensitivity and promote local and systemic inflammation. In mammals, WAT depots at different anatomical locations (subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral) are highly heterogeneous in their morpho-phenotypic profiles and contribute differently to homeostasis and obesity development, depending on their ability to trigger and modulate WAT inflammation. This heterogeneity is likely due to the differential behavior of cells from each depot. Numerous studies suggest that adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASC; referred to as adipose progenitor cells, in vivo) with depot-specific gene expression profiles and adipogenic and immunomodulatory potentials are keys for the establishment of the morpho-functional heterogeneity between WAT depots, as well as for the development of depot-specific responses to metabolic challenges. In this review, we discuss depot-specific ASC properties and how they can contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic disorders, to provide guidance for researchers and clinicians in the development of ASC-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
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Lee KY, Luong Q, Sharma R, Dreyfuss JM, Ussar S, Kahn CR. Developmental and functional heterogeneity of white adipocytes within a single fat depot. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899291. [PMID: 30530479 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that, even within a single adipose depot, there may be distinct subpopulations of adipocytes. To investigate this cellular heterogeneity, we have developed multiple conditionally immortalized clonal preadipocyte lines from white adipose tissue of mice. Analysis of these clones reveals at least three white adipocyte subpopulations. These subpopulations have differences in metabolism and differentially respond to inflammatory cytokines, insulin, and growth hormones. These also have distinct gene expression profiles and can be tracked by differential expression of three marker genes: Wilms' tumor 1, transgelin, and myxovirus 1. Lineage tracing analysis with dual-fluorescent reporter mice indicates that these adipocyte subpopulations have differences in gene expression and metabolism that mirror those observed in the clonal cell lines. Furthermore, preadipocytes and adipocytes from these subpopulations differ in their abundance in different fat depots. Thus, white adipose tissue, even in a single depot, is comprised of distinct subpopulations of white adipocytes with different physiological phenotypes. These differences in adipocyte composition may contribute to the differences in metabolic behavior and physiology of different fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Lee
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Quyen Luong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Rita Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Divoux A, Sandor K, Bojcsuk D, Talukder A, Li X, Balint BL, Osborne TF, Smith SR. Differential open chromatin profile and transcriptomic signature define depot-specific human subcutaneous preadipocytes: primary outcomes. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:148. [PMID: 30477572 PMCID: PMC6258289 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased lower body fat is associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk. The molecular basis for depot-specific differences in gluteofemoral (GF) compared with abdominal (A) subcutaneous adipocyte function is poorly understood. In the current report, we used a combination of Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin followed by sequencing (ATAC-seq), RNA-seq, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR analyses that provide evidence that depot-specific gene expression patterns are associated with differential epigenetic chromatin signatures. Methods Preadipocytes cultured from A and GF adipose tissue obtained from premenopausal apple-shaped women were used to perform transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq and assess accessible chromatin regions by ATAC-seq. We measured mRNA expression and performed ChIP-qPCR experiments for histone modifications of active (H3K4me3) and repressed chromatin (H3K27me3) regions respectively on the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes. Results RNA-seq experiments revealed an A-fat and GF-fat selective gene expression signature, with 126 genes upregulated in abdominal preadipocytes and 90 genes upregulated in GF cells. ATAC-seq identified almost 10-times more A-specific chromatin-accessible regions. Using a combined analysis of ATAC-seq and global gene expression data, we identified 74 of the 126 abdominal-specific genes (59%) with A-specific accessible chromatin sites within 200 kb of the transcription start site (TSS), including HOXA3, HOXA5, IL8, IL1b, and IL6. Interestingly, only 14 of the 90 GF-specific genes (15%) had GF-specific accessible chromatin sites within 200 kb of the corresponding TSS, including HOXC13 and HOTAIR, whereas 25 of them (28%) had abdominal-specific accessible chromatin sites. ChIP-qPCR experiments confirmed that the active H3K4me3 chromatin mark was significantly enriched at the promoter regions of HOXA5 and HOXA3 genes in abdominal preadipocytes, while H3K27me3 was less abundant relative to chromatin from GF. This is consistent with their A-fat specific gene expression pattern. Conversely, analysis of the promoter regions of the GF specific HOTAIR and HOXC13 genes exhibited high H3K4me3 and low H3K27me3 levels in GF chromatin compared to A chromatin. Conclusions Global transcriptome and open chromatin analyses of depot-specific preadipocytes identified their gene expression signature and differential open chromatin profile. Interestingly, A-fat-specific open chromatin regions can be observed in the proximity of GF-fat genes, but not vice versa. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01745471. Registered 5 December 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0582-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Divoux
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 E. Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA. .,Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA.,Present address: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Dora Bojcsuk
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Amlan Talukder
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, 32816, USA
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Balint L Balint
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA.,Present address: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 E. Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA
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Vogel MAA, Jocken JWE, Sell H, Hoebers N, Essers Y, Rouschop KMA, Cajlakovic M, Blaak EE, Goossens GH. Differences in Upper and Lower Body Adipose Tissue Oxygen Tension Contribute to the Adipose Tissue Phenotype in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3688-3697. [PMID: 30020463 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Upper and lower body adipose tissue (AT) exhibits opposing associations with obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases. Recent studies have suggested that altered AT oxygen tension (pO2) may contribute to AT dysfunction. Here, we compared in vivo abdominal (ABD) and femoral (FEM) subcutaneous AT pO2 in women who are overweight and have obesity, and investigated the effects of physiological AT pO2 on human adipocyte function. DESIGN ABD and FEM subcutaneous AT pO2 and AT blood flow (ATBF) were assessed in eight [BMI (body mass index) 34.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2] postmenopausal women who were overweight with obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. ABD and FEM AT biopsy specimens were collected to determine adipocyte morphology and AT gene expression. Moreover, the effects of prolonged exposure (14 days) to physiological AT pO2 on adipokine expression/secretion, mitochondrial respiration, and glucose uptake were investigated in differentiated human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells. RESULTS AT pO2 was higher in ABD than FEM AT (62.7 ± 6.6 vs 50.0 ± 4.5 mm Hg, P = 0.013), whereas ATBF was comparable between depots. Maximal uncoupled oxygen consumption rates were substantially lower in ABD than FEM adipocytes for all pO2 conditions. Low physiological pO2 (5% O2) decreased proinflammatory gene expression, increased basal glucose uptake, and altered adipokine secretion in ABD and FEM adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that AT pO2 is higher in ABD than FEM subcutaneous AT in women who are overweight/with obesity, partly due to a lower oxygen consumption rate in ABD adipocytes. Moreover, low physiological pO2 decreased proinflammatory gene expression and improved the metabolic phenotype in differentiated human adipocytes, whereas more heterogeneous effects on adipokine secretion were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A A Vogel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Henrike Sell
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Hoebers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Essers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kasper M A Rouschop
- Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Laboratory, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Merima Cajlakovic
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, MATERIALS-Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonic, Sensors and Functional Printing, Weiz, Austria
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Thelen K, Watts SW, Contreras GA. Adipogenic potential of perivascular adipose tissue preadipocytes is improved by coculture with primary adipocytes. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1435-1445. [PMID: 30051281 PMCID: PMC6214855 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has the capacity to secrete vasoactive mediators with the potential to regulate vascular function. Given its location adjacent to the vasculature, PVAT dysfunction may be part of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. To study the mechanisms of PVAT dysfunction, several adipogenic models have been proposed. However, these approaches do not adequately reflect PVAT adipocyte phenotypes variability that depends on their anatomical location. Despite PVAT importance in modulating vascular function, to date, there is not a depot-specific adipogenic model for PVAT adipocytes. We present a model that uses coculturing of PVAT stromal vascular fraction derived preadipocytes with primary adipocytes isolated from the same PVAT. Preadipocytes were isolated from thoracic aorta PVAT and mesenteric resistance artery PVAT (mPVAT). Upon confluency, cells were induced to differentiate for 7 and 14 days using a standard protocol (SP) or standard protocol cocultured with primary adipocytes isolated from the same adipose depots (SPA) for 96, 120, and 144 h. SPA reduced the time for differentiation of stromal vascular fraction derived preadipocytes and increased their capacity to store lipids compared with SP as indicated by lipid accumulation, lipolytic responses, gene marker profile expression, and adiponectin secretion. The coculture system improved adipogenesis efficiency by enhancing lipid accumulation and reducing the time of induction, therefore, is a more efficient method compared to SP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyan Thelen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, Room D202, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, Room D202, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Abstract
Aging and diabetes mellitus are 2 well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). During the past 50 years, there has been an dramatic increase in life expectancy with a simultaneous increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the older population. This large number of older individuals with diabetes mellitus is problematic given that CVD risk associated with aging and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarize epidemiological data relating to diabetes mellitus and CVD, with an emphasis on the aging population. We then present data on hyperglycemia as a risk factor for CVD and review the current knowledge of age-related changes in glucose metabolism. Next, we review the role of obesity in the pathogenesis of age-related glucose dysregulation, followed by a summary of the results from major randomized controlled trials that focus on cardiovascular risk reduction through glycemic control, with a special emphasis on older adults. We then conclude with our proposed model of aging that body composition changes and insulin resistance link possible dysregulation of physiological pathways leading to obesity and diabetes mellitus-both forms of accelerated aging-and risks for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee W Chia
- From the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Josephine M Egan
- From the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- From the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H. Adipocyte biology: It is time to upgrade to a new model. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2399-2425. [PMID: 30192004 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the obesity pandemic is profoundly affecting quality of life and economic productivity, but efforts to address this, especially on a pharmacological level, have generally proven unsuccessful to date, serving as a stark demonstration that our understanding of adipocyte biology and pathophysiology is incomplete. To deliver better insight into adipocyte function and obesity, we need improved adipocyte models with a high degree of fidelity in representing the in vivo state and with a diverse range of experimental applications. Adipocyte cell lines, especially 3T3-L1 cells, have been used extensively over many years, but these are limited in terms of relevance and versatility. In this review, I propose that primary adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) present a superior model with which to study adipocyte biology ex vivo. In particular, ASCs afford us the opportunity to study adipocytes from different, functionally distinct, adipose depots and to investigate, by means of in vivo/ex vivo studies, the effects of many different physiological and pathophysiological factors, such as age, body weight, hormonal status, diet and nutraceuticals, as well as disease and pharmacological treatments, on the biology of adipocytes and their precursors. This study will give an overview of the characteristics of ASCs and published studies utilizing ASCs, to highlight the areas where our knowledge is lacking. More comprehensive studies in primary ASCs will contribute to an improved understanding of adipose tissue, in healthy and dysfunctional states, which will enhance our efforts to more successfully manage and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa
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Abstract
Obesity has become epidemic worldwide, which triggers several obesity-associated complications. Obesity is characterized by excess fat storage mainly in the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), subcutaneous WAT (sWAT), and other tissues. Myriad studies have demonstrated the crucial role of canonical Wnt/β-catenin cascade in the development of organs and physiological homeostasis, whereas recent studies show that genetic variations/mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are associated with human metabolic diseases. In this review, we highlight the regulation of updated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in obesity, especially the distinctly depot-specific roles between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue under high-fed diet stimulation and WAT browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Altay C, Seçil M, Demir T, Atik T, Akıncı G, Özdemir Kutbay N, Keskin Temeloğlu E, Yıldırım Şimşir I, Özışık S, Demir L, Eren E, Tuna EB, Aytaç H, Onay H, Akıncı B. Determining residual adipose tissue characteristics with MRI in patients with various subtypes of lipodystrophy. Diagn Interv Radiol 2018; 23:428-434. [PMID: 29044029 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2017.17019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate residual adipose tissue with whole-body magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate between subtypes of lipodystrophy. METHODS A total of 32 patients (12 with congenital generalized lipodystrophy [CGL], 1 with acquired generalized lipodystrophy [AGL], 12 with familial partial lipodystrophy [FPLD], and 7 with acquired partial lipodystrophy [APL]) were included. RESULTS Despite generalized loss of metabolically active adipose tissue, patients with CGL1 caused by AGPAT2 mutations had a significant amount of residual adipose tissue in the scalp, earlobes, retro-orbital region, and palms and soles. No residual adipose tissue was noted particularly in the head and neck, palms and soles in CGL2 caused by BSCL2 mutations. CGL4 caused by mutations in the PTRF gene was characterized with well-preserved retro-orbital and bone marrow fat in the absence of any visible residual adipose tissue in other areas. No residual adipose tissue was observed in AGL. Despite loss of subcutaneous fat, periarticular adipose tissue was preserved in the lower limbs of patients with FPLD. Retro-orbital adipose tissue was surprisingly preserved in APL, although they lacked head and neck fat. CONCLUSION Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by generalized or partial loss of adipose tissue, which can be congenital or acquired. Our results suggest that residual adipose tissue characteristics can help distinguish different subtypes of lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Altay
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
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Badimon L, Cubedo J. Adipose tissue depots and inflammation: effects on plasticity and resident mesenchymal stem cell function. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1064-1073. [PMID: 28498891 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly heterogeneous organ. Beside the heterogeneity associated to different tissue types (white, brown, and 'brite') and its location-related heterogeneity (subcutaneous, visceral, epicardial, and perivascular, etc.), AT composition, structure, and functionality are highly dependent on individual-associated factors. As such, the pro-inflammatory state associated to the presence of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) directly affects AT metabolism. Furthermore, the adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) that reside in the stromal vascular fraction of AT, besides being responsible for most of the plasticity attributed to AT, is an additional source of heterogeneity. Thus, ASCs directly contribute to AT homeostasis, cell renewal, and spontaneous repair. These ASCs share many properties with the bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (i.e. potential to differentiate towards multiple tissue lineages, and angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory properties). Moreover, ASCs show clear advantages in terms of accessibility and quantity of available sample, their easy in vitro expansion, and the possibility of having an autologous source. All these properties point out towards a potential use of ASCs in regenerative medicine. However, the presence of obesity and other CVRFs induces a pro-inflammatory state that directly impacts ASCs proliferation and differentiation capacities affecting their regenerative abilities. The focus of this review is to summarize how inflammation affects the different AT depots and the mechanisms by which these changes further enhance the obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of obesity-induced inflammation on ASCs properties and how those effects impair their plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, CiberCV, Hospital de Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni M Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, CiberCV, Hospital de Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni MaClaret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
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50
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Abstract
Adipose morphology is defined as the number and size distribution of adipocytes (fat cells) within adipose tissue. Adipose tissue with fewer but larger adipocytes is said to have a 'hypertrophic' morphology, whereas adipose with many adipocytes of a smaller size is said to have a 'hyperplastic' morphology. Hypertrophic adipose morphology is positively associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. By contrast, hyperplastic morphology is associated with improved metabolic parameters. These phenotypic associations suggest that adipose morphology influences risk of cardiometabolic disease. Intriguingly, monozygotic twin studies have determined that adipose morphology is in part determined genetically. Therefore, identifying the genetic regulation of adipose morphology may help us to predict, prevent and ameliorate insulin resistance and associated metabolic diseases. Here, we review the current literature regarding adipose morphology in relation to: (1) metabolic and medical implications; (2) the methods used to assess adipose morphology; and (3) transcriptional differences between morphologies. We further highlight three mechanisms that have been hypothesized to promote adipocyte hypertrophy and thus to regulate adipose morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panna Tandon
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Rebecca Wafer
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - James E N Minchin
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
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