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Lei L, Wang YF, Chen CY, Wang YT, Zhang Y. Novel insight into astrocyte-mediated gliotransmission modulates the synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder. Life Sci 2024; 355:122988. [PMID: 39153595 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a form of glial cell-based synaptic dysfunction disease in which glial cells interact closely with neuronal synapses and perform synaptic information processing. Glial cells, particularly astrocytes, are active components of the brain and are responsible for synaptic activity through the release gliotransmitters. A reduced density of astrocytes and astrocyte dysfunction have both been identified the brains of patients with MDD. Furthermore, gliotransmission, i.e., active information transfer mediated by gliotransmitters between astrocytes and neurons, is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. However, the mechanism by which astrocyte-mediated gliotransmission contributes to depression remains unknown. This review therefore summarizes the alterations in astrocytes in MDD, including astrocyte marker, connexin 43 (Cx43) expression, Cx43 gap junctions, and Cx43 hemichannels, and describes the regulatory mechanisms of astrocytes involved in synaptic plasticity. Additionally, we investigate the mechanisms acting of the glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic, and purinergic systems that modulate synaptic function and the antidepressant mechanisms of the related receptor antagonists. Further, we summarize the roles of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, d-serine, and adenosine triphosphate in depression, providing a basis for the identification of diagnostic and therapeutic targets for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Ya Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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2
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Dash UK, Mazumdar D, Singh S. High Mobility Group Box Protein (HMGB1): A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Encephalopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:8188-8205. [PMID: 38478143 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
HMGB (high mobility group B) is one of the ubiquitous non-histone nuclear protein superfamilies that make up the HMG (high mobility group) protein group. HMGB1 is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the human body, including a structural role in the cell nucleus as well as replication, repair, DNA transcription, and assembly of nuclear proteins. It functions as a signaling regulator in the cytoplasm and a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the extracellular environment. Among several studies, HMGB1 protein is also emerging as a crucial factor involved in the development and progression of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) along with other factors such as hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress. Diabetes' chronic side effect is DE, which manifests as cognitive and psychoneurological dysfunction. The HMGB1 is released outside to the extracellular medium in diabetes condition through active or passive routes, where it functions as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule to activate several signaling pathways by interacting with receptors for advanced glycosylation end-products (RAGE)/toll like receptors (TLR). HMGB1 reportedly activates inflammatory pathways, disrupts the blood-brain barrier, causes glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress, and promotes neuroinflammation, contributing to the development of cognitive impairment and neuronal damage which is suggestive of the involvement of HMGB1 in the enhancement of the diabetes-induced encephalopathic condition. Additionally, HMGB1 is reported to induce insulin resistance, further exacerbating the metabolic dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Thus, the present review explores the possible pathways associated with DM-induced hyperactivation of HMGB1 ultimately leading to DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Kumar Dash
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495009, India
| | - Debashree Mazumdar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495009, India
| | - Santosh Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495009, India.
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3
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Ishizawa K, Komori T, Homma T, Sone J, Nakata Y, Nakazato Y, Takahashi K, Yamamoto T, Sasaki A. The predominance of "astrocytic" intranuclear inclusions in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease manifesting encephalopathy-like symptoms: A case series with brain biopsy. Neuropathology 2024; 44:351-365. [PMID: 38477063 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disorder represented by eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions (EIIs) and GGC/CGG repeat expansion in the NOTCH2NLC gene. We report here two adult cases of NIID, genetically confirmed, with manifestation of encephalopathy-like symptoms and address the histopathologic findings obtained by brain biopsies, with a focus on "astrocytic" intranuclear inclusions (AIIs). Case 1 presented with paroxysmal restlessness, vertigo, or fever and was later involved in severe dementia and tetraparesis. Case 2 presented with forgetfulness and then with paroxysmal fever and headache. In both cases, delimited areas with gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging and corresponding hyperperfusion were detected, leading to brain biopsies of the cortex. On histology, Case 1 showed an abnormal lamination, where the thickness of layers was different from usual. Both neurons and astrocytes showed some dysmorphologic features. Notably, astrocytes rather than neurons harbored EIIs. Case 2 showed a cortex, where neurons tended to be arrayed in a columnar fashion. Astrocytes showed some dysmorphologic features. Notably, much more astrocytes than neurons harbored EIIs. By a double-labeling immunofluorescence study for p62/NeuN and p62/glial fibrillary acidic protein, the predominance of AIIs was confirmed in both cases. Considering the physiological functions of astrocytes for the development and maintenance of the cortex, the encephalopathy-like symptoms, dynamic change of cerebral blood flow, and cortical dysmorphology can reasonably be explained by the dysfunction of EII-bearing astrocytes rather than EII-bearing neurons. This study suggests the presence of a subtype of NIID where AIIs rather than "neuronal" intranuclear inclusions are likely a key player in the pathogenesis of NIID, particularly in cases with encephalopathy-like symptoms. The importance of AIIs ("gliopathy") should be more appreciated in future studies of NIID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Homma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Sone
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakata
- Department of Neuroradiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazushi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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4
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Wall RV, Basavarajappa D, Klistoner A, Graham S, You Y. Mechanisms of Transsynaptic Degeneration in the Aging Brain. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2149-2167. [PMID: 39191395 PMCID: PMC11346400 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A prominent feature in many neurodegenerative diseases involves the spread of the pathology from the initial site of damage to anatomically and functionally connected regions of the central nervous system (CNS), referred to as transsynaptic degeneration (TSD). This review covers the possible mechanisms of both retrograde and anterograde TSD in various age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including synaptically and glial mediated changes contributing to TDS and their potential as therapeutic targets. This phenomenon is well documented in clinical and experimental studies spanning various neurodegenerative diseases and their respective models, with a significant emphasis on the visual pathway, to be explored herein. With the increase in the aging population and subsequent rise in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Vander Wall
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Alexander Klistoner
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
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5
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McComish SF, O'Sullivan J, Copas AMM, Imiolek M, Boyle NT, Crompton LA, Lane JD, Caldwell MA. Reactive astrocytes generated from human iPSC are pro-inflammatory and display altered metabolism. Exp Neurol 2024; 382:114979. [PMID: 39357593 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous system and they play pivotal roles in both normal health and disease. Their dysfunction is detrimental to many brain related pathologies. Under pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, astrocytes adopt an activated reactive phenotype which can contribute to disease progression. A prominent risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases is neuroinflammation which is the purview of glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglia. Human in vitro models have the potential to reveal relevant disease specific mechanisms, through the study of individual cell types such as astrocytes or the addition of specific factors, such as those secreted by microglia. The aim of this study was to generate human cortical astrocytes, in order to assess their protein and gene expression, examine their reactivity profile in response to exposure to the microglial secreted factors IL-1α, TNFα and C1q and assess their functionality in terms of calcium signalling and metabolism. They successfully differentiate and stimulated reactive astrocytes display increased IL-6, RANTES and GM-CSF secretion, and increased expression of genes associated with reactivity including, IL-6, ICAM1, LCN2, C3 and SERPINA3. Functional assessment of these reactive astrocytes showed a delayed and sustained calcium response to ATP and a concomitant decrease in the expression of connexin-43. Furthermore, it was demonstrated these astrocytes had an increased glycolytic capacity with no effect on oxidative phosphorylation. These findings not only increase our understanding of astrocyte reactivity but also provides a functional platform for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F McComish
- Discipline of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julia O'Sullivan
- Discipline of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adina Mac Mahon Copas
- Discipline of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Magdalena Imiolek
- Discipline of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noreen T Boyle
- Discipline of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucy A Crompton
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon D Lane
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maeve A Caldwell
- Discipline of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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6
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Majewski S, Klein P, Boillée S, Clarke BE, Patani R. Towards an integrated approach for understanding glia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Glia 2024. [PMID: 39318236 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Substantial advances in technology are permitting a high resolution understanding of the salience of glia, and have helped us to transcend decades of predominantly neuron-centric research. In particular, recent advances in 'omic' technologies have enabled unique insights into glial biology, shedding light on the cellular and molecular aspects of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we review studies using omic techniques to attempt to understand the role of glia in ALS across different model systems and post mortem tissue. We also address caveats that should be considered when interpreting such studies, and how some of these may be mitigated through either using a multi-omic approach and/or careful low throughput, high fidelity orthogonal validation with particular emphasis on functional validation. Finally, we consider emerging technologies and their potential relevance in deepening our understanding of glia in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Majewski
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Pierre Klein
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin E Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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7
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Donoso MV, Catalán-Salas V, Pulgar-Sepúlveda R, Eugenín J, Huidobro-Toro JP. Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Relevance of D-Amino Acids Dynamics: From Neurochemistry to Pharmacotherapy. CHEM REC 2024:e202400013. [PMID: 39318079 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Over three decades ago, two independent groups of investigators identified free D-aspartic and later D-serine in specific brain nuclei and endocrine glands. This finding revealed a novel, non-proteinogenic role of these molecules. Moreover, the finding that aged proteins from the human eye crystallin, teeth, bone, blood vessels or the brain incorporate D-aspartic acids to specific primary protein sequences fostered the hypothesis that aging might be related to D-amino acid isomerization of body proteins. The experimental confirmation that schizophrenia and neurodegenerative diseases modify plasma free D-amino acids or tissue levelsnurtured the opportunity of using D-amino acids as therapeutic agents for several disease treatments, a strategy that prompted the successful current application of D-amino acids to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verónica Donoso
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Centro Desarrollo de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Catalán-Salas
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Centro Desarrollo de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Pulgar-Sepúlveda
- Neural System Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Neural System Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Centro Desarrollo de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Cheng Y, Chen X, Zhu G, Li N, Sun Y, Luo S, Liu Y, Lu X. Erigeron breviscapus: A Promising Medication for Protecting the Optic Nerve in Glaucoma. PLANTA MEDICA 2024. [PMID: 39303747 DOI: 10.1055/a-2409-2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common eye condition characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, optic nerve damage, and visual field defects, which seriously affect a patient's quality of life. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is still unclear at present. It presents as damage to retinal ganglion cells, and the main treatment is primarily to reduce intraocular pressure by surgery or taking medication. However, even with well-controlled intraocular pressure, retinal ganglion cells still undergo degeneration, progressive apoptosis, and axonal loss. Therefore, protecting the optic nerve and inhibiting the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells are the current hot topic for prevention and treatment of glaucoma. Recently, Erigeron breviscapus, originating from Yunnan province in China, has been shown to be a promising herb with neuroprotective effects to treat glaucoma. Therefore, the traditional usage, botanical characteristics, and phytochemical composition of E. breviscapus were explored through a literature review. Furthermore, we have summarized the pharmacological mechanisms of E. breviscapus and its active components in inhibiting the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. These research findings can not only provide guidance and recommendations for the protection of retinal ganglion cells but also further explore the potential of E. breviscapus in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Cheng
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Shichun Luo
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejing Lu
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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9
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Kang B, Wang J, Guo S, Yang L. Mercury-induced toxicity: Mechanisms, molecular pathways, and gene regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173577. [PMID: 38852866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a well-known neurotoxicant for humans and wildlife. The epidemic of mercury poisoning in Japan has clearly demonstrated that chronic exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) results in serious neurological damage to the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, leading to the dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS), especially in infants exposed to MeHg in utero. The occurrences of poisoning have caused a wide public concern regarding the health risk emanating from MeHg exposure; particularly those eating large amounts of fish may experience the low-level and long-term exposure. There is growing evidence that MeHg at environmentally relevant concentrations can affect the health of biota in the ecosystem. Although extensive in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the disruption of redox homeostasis and microtube assembly is mainly responsible for mercurial toxicity leading to adverse health outcomes, it is still unclear whether we could quantitively determine the occurrence of interaction between mercurial and thiols and/or selenols groups of proteins linked directly to outcomes, especially at very low levels of exposure. Furthermore, intracellular calcium homeostasis, cytoskeleton, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter release, and DNA methylation may be the targets of mercury compounds; however, the primary targets associated with the adverse outcomes remain to be elucidated. Considering these knowledge gaps, in this article, we conducted a comprehensive review of mercurial toxicity, focusing mainly on the mechanism, and genes/proteins expression. We speculated that comprehensive analyses of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics could enhance interpretation of "omics" profiles, which may reveal specific biomarkers obviously correlated with specific pathways that mediate selective neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China.
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10
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Chan LS, Malakhov MM, Pan W. A novel multivariable Mendelian randomization framework to disentangle highly correlated exposures with application to metabolomics. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1834-1847. [PMID: 39106865 PMCID: PMC11393695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) utilizes genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to infer causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, offering a valuable tool for identifying disease risk factors. Multivariable MR (MVMR) estimates the direct effects of multiple exposures on an outcome. This study tackles the issue of highly correlated exposures commonly observed in metabolomic data, a situation where existing MVMR methods often face reduced statistical power due to multicollinearity. We propose a robust extension of the MVMR framework that leverages constrained maximum likelihood (cML) and employs a Bayesian approach for identifying independent clusters of exposure signals. Applying our method to the UK Biobank metabolomic data for the largest Alzheimer disease (AD) cohort through a two-sample MR approach, we identified two independent signal clusters for AD: glutamine and lipids, with posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs) of 95.0% and 81.5%, respectively. Our findings corroborate the hypothesized roles of glutamate and lipids in AD, providing quantitative support for their potential involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Sum Chan
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Mykhaylo M Malakhov
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Wei Pan
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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11
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Barbosa-Azevedo M, Dias-Carvalho A, Carvalho F, Costa VM. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and glia: A new take on chemobrain? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 492:117085. [PMID: 39236990 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The significant rise in cancer survivorship stands out as one of the most notable achievements of modern science. However, this comes with a significant burden, as cancer treatment is not without adverse effects. Lately, there has been a growing focus on cognitive dysfunction associated with cancer treatment, often referred to as 'chemobrain'. It significantly impacts the quality of life for cancer survivors. The underlying mechanisms studied so far usually focus on neurons, while other cells of the central nervous system are often overlooked. This review seeks to place the hypothesis that glial cells may play a role in the development of chemotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction. It summarizes the primary mechanisms proposed to date while underscoring the existing gaps in this research field. Inflammation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators by M1 microglia and A1 astrocytes are the most prevalent findings after chemotherapy. However, activation of A1 astrocytes by some chemotherapeutic agents may contribute to neuronal degeneration, alterations in synaptic branches, as well as glutamate excitotoxicity, which can contribute to cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the reduction in the number of oligodendrocytes after chemotherapy may also impact the myelin sheath, contributing to 'chemobrain'. Furthermore, some chemotherapeutic drugs activate M1 microglia, which is associated with decreased neuroplasticity and, possibly, cognitive impairment. In conclusion, data regarding the effects of chemotherapy on glial cells are scarce, and it is essential to understand how these cells are affected after cancer treatment to enable reliable therapeutic or preventive actions on cancer-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barbosa-Azevedo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Dias-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Mohammad ZB, Yudin SCY, Goldberg BJ, Serra KL, Klegeris A. Exploring neuroglial signaling: diversity of molecules implicated in microglia-to-astrocyte neuroimmune communication. Rev Neurosci 2024:revneuro-2024-0081. [PMID: 39240134 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Effective communication between different cell types is essential for brain health, and dysregulation of this process leads to neuropathologies. Brain glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, orchestrate immune defense and neuroimmune responses under pathological conditions during which interglial communication is indispensable. Our appreciation of the complexity of these processes is rapidly increasing due to recent advances in molecular biology techniques, which have identified numerous phenotypic states of both microglia and astrocytes. This review focuses on microglia-to-astrocyte communication facilitated by secreted neuroimmune modulators. The combinations of interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), plus complement component C1q as well as IL-1β plus TNF are already well-established microglia-derived stimuli that induce reactive phenotypes in astrocytes. However, given the large number of inflammatory mediators secreted by microglia and the rapidly increasing number of distinct functional states recognized in astrocytes, it can be hypothesized that many more intercellular signaling molecules exist. This review identifies the following group of cytokines and gliotransmitters that, while not established as interglial mediators yet, are known to be released by microglia and elicit functional responses in astrocytes: IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interferon (IFN)-γ, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)5, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), l-glutamate, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The review of molecular mechanisms engaged by these mediators reveals complex, partially overlapping signaling pathways implicated in numerous neuropathologies. Additionally, lack of human-specific studies is identified as a significant knowledge gap. Further research on microglia-to-astrocyte communication is warranted, as it could discover novel interglial signaling-targeted therapies for diverse neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab B Mohammad
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Samantha C Y Yudin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Goldberg
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kursti L Serra
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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13
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Cranston AL, Kraev I, Stewart MG, Horsley D, Santos RX, Robinson L, Dreesen E, Armstrong P, Palliyil S, Harrington CR, Wischik CM, Riedel G. Rescue of synaptosomal glutamate release defects in tau transgenic mice by the tau aggregation inhibitor hydromethylthionine. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111269. [PMID: 38909930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Glutamatergic neurotransmission, important for learning and memory, is disrupted in different ways in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) tauopathies. We have previously reported that two tau transgenic mouse models, L1 and L66, produce different phenotypes resembling AD and FTD, respectively. The AD-like L1 model expresses the truncated core aggregation domain of the AD paired helical filament (PHF) form of tau (tau296-390) whereas the FTD-like L66 model expresses full-length tau carrying two mutations at P301S/G335D. We have used synaptosomes isolated from these mice to investigate K+-evoked glutamate release and, if abnormal, to determine responsiveness to hydromethylthionine, a tau aggregation inhibitor previously shown to reduce tau pathology in these models. We report that the transgenes in these two mouse lines cause opposite abnormalities in glutamate release. Over-expression of the core tau unit in L1 produces a significant reduction in glutamate release and a loss of Ca2+-dependency compared with wild-type control mice. Full-length mutant tau produces an increase in glutamate release that retains normal Ca2+-dependency. Chronic pre-treatment with hydromethylthionine normalises both reduced (L1) and excessive glutamate (L66) and restores normal Ca2+-dependency in L1 mice. This implies that both patterns of impairment are the result of tau aggregation, but that the direction and Ca2+-dependency of the abnormality is determined by expression of the disease-specific transgene. Our results lead to the conclusion that the tauopathies need not be considered a single entity in terms of the downstream effects of pathological aggregation of tau protein. In this case, directionally opposite abnormalities in glutamate release resulting from different types of tau aggregation in the two mouse models can be corrected by hydromethylthionine. This may help to explain the activity of hydromethylthionine on cognitive decline and brain atrophy in both AD and behavioural-variant FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Cranston
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Igor Kraev
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Mike G Stewart
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - David Horsley
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Renato X Santos
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lianne Robinson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Eline Dreesen
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Paul Armstrong
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Soumya Palliyil
- Scottish Biologics Facility, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZP, UK
| | - Charles R Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, UK; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd, 395 King Street, Aberdeen, AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Claude M Wischik
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, UK; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd, 395 King Street, Aberdeen, AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Gernot Riedel
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, UK.
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14
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Stone TW, Williams RO. Tryptophan metabolism as a 'reflex' feature of neuroimmune communication: Sensor and effector functions for the indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase kynurenine pathway. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3333-3357. [PMID: 38102897 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system were regarded as independent entities, it is now clear that immune system cells can influence the CNS, and neuroglial activity influences the immune system. Despite the many clinical implications for this 'neuroimmune interface', its detailed operation at the molecular level remains unclear. This narrative review focuses on the metabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, since its products have critical actions in both the nervous and immune systems, placing it in a unique position to influence neuroimmune communication. In particular, since the kynurenine pathway is activated by pro-inflammatory mediators, it is proposed that physical and psychological stressors are the stimuli of an organismal protective reflex, with kynurenine metabolites as the effector arm co-ordinating protective neural and immune system responses. After a brief review of the neuroimmune interface, the general perception of tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is expanded to emphasize this environmentally driven perspective. The initial enzymes in the kynurenine pathway include indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), which is induced by tissue damage, inflammatory mediators or microbial products, and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which is induced by stress-induced glucocorticoids. In the immune system, kynurenic acid modulates leucocyte differentiation, inflammatory balance and immune tolerance by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and modulates pain via the GPR35 protein. In the CNS, quinolinic acid activates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-sensitive glutamate receptors, whereas kynurenic acid is an antagonist: the balance between glutamate, quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid is a significant regulator of CNS function and plasticity. The concept of kynurenine and its metabolites as mediators of a reflex coordinated protection against stress helps to understand the variety and breadth of their activity. It should also help to understand the pathological origin of some psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases involving the immune system and CNS, facilitating the development of new pharmacological strategies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard O Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Rooban S, Arul Senghor K, Vinodhini V, Kumar J. Adropin: A crucial regulator of cardiovascular health and metabolic balance. Metabol Open 2024; 23:100299. [PMID: 39045137 PMCID: PMC11263719 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adropin, a peptide discovered in 2008, has gained recognition as a key regulator of cardiovascular health and metabolic balance. Initially identified for its roles in energy balance, lipid metabolism, and glucose regulation, adropin has also been found to improve cardiovascular health by enhancing endothelial function, modulating lipid profiles, and reducing oxidative stress. These protective mechanisms suggest that adropin may be able to help prevent conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Research has established connections between adropin and cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, positioning it as a valuable biomarker for evaluating cardiovascular disease risk. New studies highlight adropin's diagnostic and prognostic significance, showing that higher levels are linked to better cardiovascular outcomes, while lower levels are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on adropin, emphasizing its significance as a promising focus in the intersection of cardiovascular health and metabolic health. By summarizing the latest research findings, this review aims to offer insights into the potential applications of adropin in both clinical practice and research, leading to a deeper understanding of its role in maintaining cardiovascular and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rooban
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K.A. Arul Senghor
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V.M. Vinodhini
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J.S. Kumar
- Department of General Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Zhao X, Li Y, Zhang S, Sudwarts A, Zhang H, Kozlova A, Moulton MJ, Goodman LD, Pang ZP, Sanders AR, Bellen HJ, Thinakaran G, Duan J. Alzheimer's disease protective allele of Clusterin modulates neuronal excitability through lipid-droplet-mediated neuron-glia communication. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.08.14.24312009. [PMID: 39185522 PMCID: PMC11343251 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.14.24312009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have identified a plethora of risk loci. However, the disease variants/genes and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. For a strong AD-associated locus near Clusterin ( CLU ), we tied an AD protective allele to a role of neuronal CLU in promoting neuron excitability through lipid-mediated neuron-glia communication. We identified a putative causal SNP of CLU that impacts neuron-specific chromatin accessibility to transcription-factor(s), with the AD protective allele upregulating neuronal CLU and promoting neuron excitability. Transcriptomic analysis and functional studies in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons co-cultured with mouse astrocytes show that neuronal CLU facilitates neuron-to-glia lipid transfer and astrocytic lipid droplet formation coupled with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. These changes cause astrocytes to uptake less glutamate thereby altering neuron excitability. Our study provides insights into how CLU confers resilience to AD through neuron-glia interactions.
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17
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Xiao XY, Chen YM, Zhu J, Yin MY, Huang CN, Qin HM, Liu SX, Xiao Y, Fang HW, Zhuang T, Chen Y. The synergistic anti-nociceptive effects of nefopam and gabapentinoids in inflammatory, osteoarthritis, and neuropathic pain mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176738. [PMID: 38876275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Pain is a common public health problem and remains as an unmet medical need. Currently available analgesics usually have limited efficacy or are accompanied by many adverse side effects. To achieve satisfactory pain relief by multimodal analgesia, new combinations of nefopam and gabapentinoids (pregabalin/gabapentin) were designed and assessed in inflammatory, osteoarthritis and neuropathic pain. Isobolographic analysis was performed to analyze the interactions between nefopam and gabapentinoids in carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain, mono-iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis pain and paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect and motor performance of monotherapy or their combinations were evaluated in the carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses and rotarod test, respectively. Nefopam (1, 3, 5, 10, 30 mg/kg, p.o.), pregabalin (3, 6, 12, 24 mg/kg, p.o.) or gabapentin (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently reversed mechanical allodynia in three pain models. Isobolographic analysis indicated that the combinations of nefopam and gabapentinoids exerted synergistic anti-nociceptive effects in inflammatory, osteoarthritis, and neuropathic pain mouse models, as evidenced by the experimental ED50 (median effective dose) falling below the predicted additive line. Moreover, the combination of nefopam-pregabalin/gabapentin alleviated carrageenan-induced inflammation and edema, and also prevented gabapentinoids-related sedation or ataxia by lowering their effective doses. Collectively, the co-administration of nefopam and gabapentinoids showed synergistic analgesic effects and may result in improved therapeutic benefits for treating pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yan-Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Ming-Yue Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Chao-Nan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Shu-Xian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Heng-Wei Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Yin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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18
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Pierson SR, Fiock KL, Wang R, Balasubramanian N, Reinhardt J, Khan KM, James TD, Hunter ML, Cooper BJ, Williamsen HR, Betters R, Deniz K, Lee G, Aldridge G, Hefti MM, Marcinkiewcz CA. Tau pathology in the dorsal raphe may be a prodromal indicator of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02664-9. [PMID: 39143322 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein aggregation in brainstem nuclei is thought to occur in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its specific role in driving prodromal symptoms and disease progression is largely unknown. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contains a large population of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurons that regulate mood, reward-related behavior, and sleep, which are all disrupted in AD. We report here that tau pathology is present in the DRN of individuals 25-80 years old without a known history of dementia, and its prevalence was comparable to the locus coeruleus (LC). By comparison, fewer cases were positive for other pathological proteins including α-synuclein, β-amyloid, and TDP-43. To evaluate how early tau pathology impacts behavior, we overexpressed human P301L-tau in the DRN of mice and observed depressive-like behaviors and hyperactivity without deficits in spatial memory. Tau pathology was predominantly found in neurons relative to glia and colocalized with a significant proportion of Tph2-expressing neurons in the DRN. 5-HT neurons were also hyperexcitable in P301L-tauDRN mice, and there was an increase in the amplitude of excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs). Moreover, astrocytic density was elevated in the DRN and accompanied by an increase in IL-1α and Frk expression, which suggests increased inflammatory signaling. Additionally, tau pathology was detected in axonal processes in the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and caudate putamen. A significant proportion of this tau pathology colocalized with the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT), suggesting that tau may spread in an anterograde manner to regions outside the DRN. Together these results indicate that tau pathology accumulates in the DRN in a subset of individuals over 50 years and may lead to behavioral dysregulation, 5-HT neuronal dysfunction, and activation of local astrocytes which may be prodromal indicators of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Pierson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kimberly L Fiock
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Jessica Reinhardt
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kanza M Khan
- Psychological Sciences Department, Daemen University, Amherst, NY, 14226, USA
| | - Thomas D James
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Mikayla L Hunter
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin J Cooper
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Ryan Betters
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kaancan Deniz
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Gloria Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Georgina Aldridge
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Marco M Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Catherine A Marcinkiewcz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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19
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Paranjape N, Strack S, Lehmler HJ, Doorn JA. Astrocyte Mitochondria Are a Sensitive Target of PCB52 and its Human-Relevant Metabolites. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2729-2740. [PMID: 38953493 PMCID: PMC11311133 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial chemicals that are ubiquitously found in the environment. Exposure to these compounds has been associated with neurotoxic outcomes; however, the underlying mechanisms for such outcomes remain to be fully understood. Recent studies have shown that astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, are susceptible to PCB exposure as well as exposure to human-relevant metabolites of PCBs. Astrocytes are critical for maintaining healthy brain function due to their unique functional attributes and positioning within the neuronal networks in the brain. In this study, we assessed the toxicity of PCB52, one of the most abundantly found PCB congeners in outdoor and indoor air, and two of its human-relevant metabolites, on astrocyte mitochondria. We exposed C6 cells, an astrocyte cell line, to PCB52 or its human-relevant metabolites and found that all the compounds showed increased toxicity in galactose-containing media compared to that in the glucose-containing media, indicating the involvement of mitochondria in observed toxicity. Additionally, we also found increased oxidative stress upon exposure to PCB52 metabolites. All three compounds caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, distinct changes in the mitochondrial structure, and impaired mitochondrial function. The hydroxylated metabolite 4-OH-PCB52 likely functions as an uncoupler of mitochondria. This is the first study to report the adverse effects of exposure to PCB52 and its human-relevant metabolites on the mitochondrial structure and function in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Paranjape
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College
of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department
of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University
of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Doorn
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College
of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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20
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Körtési T, Nagy-Grócz G, Vécsei L. The role of kynurenines in migraine-related neuroimmune pathways. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:129. [PMID: 39107712 PMCID: PMC11304619 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Migraine, a primary headache disorder whose mechanism remains incompletely understood, appears to involve the activation of the trigeminovascular system (TS) during attacks. Research suggests that inflammatory processes mediated by the immune system may play a role in migraine pathophysiology. Neuroinflammation is often associated with migraine attacks, with cytokines serving as crucial mediators in the process. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), have been observed in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of individuals experiencing migraine attacks. These cytokines have the capacity to sensitize pain pathways in the brain, thereby increasing sensitivity to pain stimuli. This phenomenon, known as central sensitization, is believed to contribute to the intensity and persistence of migraine pain. Kynurenines, endogenous mediators of glutamatergic mechanisms, can significantly influence the pathophysiology of primary headache disorders. The kynurenine system is collectively known as the kynurenine pathway (KP), which can act on multiple receptors, such as glutamate receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs), G protein-coupled receptors 35 (GPR35), and α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7 nACh) receptors. These receptors are also found on various cells of the immune system, so the role of the KP in the pathomechanism of primary headaches may also be mediated through them. In this review, our goal is to show a possible link between the receptors of the KP and immune system in the context of inflammation and migraine. Migraine research in recent years has focused on neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) as potential pathogenic factors and possible therapeutic approaches. These peptides share many similarities in their characteristics and roles. For instance, they exhibit potent vasodilation, occur in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, and play a role in transmitting nociception and neurogenic inflammation. The investigation of potential connections between the aforementioned neuropeptides and the kynurenine pathway could play a significant role in uncovering the pathomechanism of migraine and identifying new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Körtési
- Department of Theoretical Health Sciences and Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Temesvári krt. 31, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, Szeged, H- 6725, Hungary
- Preventive Health Sciences Research Group, Incubation Competence Centre of the Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy-Grócz
- Department of Theoretical Health Sciences and Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Temesvári krt. 31, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Preventive Health Sciences Research Group, Incubation Competence Centre of the Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, Szeged, H- 6725, Hungary.
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.
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21
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Franklin JP, Testen A, Mieczkowski PA, Hepperla A, Crynen G, Simon JM, Wood JD, Harder EV, Bellinger TJ, Witt EA, Powell NL, Reissner KJ. Investigating cocaine- and abstinence-induced effects on astrocyte gene expression in the nucleus accumbens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.05.606656. [PMID: 39149305 PMCID: PMC11326167 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.05.606656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, astrocytes have been increasingly implicated in cellular mechanisms of substance use disorders (SUD). Astrocytes are structurally altered following exposure to drugs of abuse; specifically, astrocytes within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) exhibit significantly decreased surface area, volume, and synaptic colocalization after operant self-administration of cocaine and extinction or protracted abstinence (45 days). However, the mechanisms that elicit these morphological modifications are unknown. The current study aims to elucidate the molecular modifications that lead to observed astrocyte structural changes in rats across cocaine abstinence using astrocyte-specific RiboTag and RNA-seq, as an unbiased, comprehensive approach to identify genes whose transcription or translation change within NAc astrocytes following cocaine self-administration and extended abstinence. Using this method, our data reveal cellular processes including cholesterol biosynthesis that are altered specifically by cocaine self-administration and abstinence, suggesting that astrocyte involvement in these processes is changed in cocaine-abstinent rats. Overall, the results of this study provide insight into astrocyte functional adaptations that occur due to cocaine exposure or during cocaine withdrawal, which may pinpoint further mechanisms that contribute to cocaine-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janay P Franklin
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Anze Testen
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | - Austin Hepperla
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Core, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Institute Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Jonathan D Wood
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Eden V Harder
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tania J Bellinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Emily A Witt
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University
| | - N LaShae Powell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kathryn J Reissner
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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22
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Benazzato C, Lojudice F, Pöehlchen F, Leite PEC, Manucci AC, Van der Linden V, Jungmann P, Sogayar MC, Bruni-Cardoso A, Russo FB, Beltrão-Braga P. Zika virus vertical transmission induces neuroinflammation and synapse impairment in brain cells derived from children born with Congenital Zika Syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18002. [PMID: 39097642 PMCID: PMC11297915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was first reported in 2015 in Brazil as causing microcephaly and other developmental abnormalities in newborns, leading to the identification of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Viral infections have been considered an environmental risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders outcome, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Moreover, not only the infection per se, but maternal immune system activation during pregnancy, has been linked to fetal neurodevelopmental disorders. To understand the impact of ZIKV vertical infection on brain development, we derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from Brazilian children born with CZS, some of the patients also being diagnosed with ASD. Comparing iPSC-derived neurons from CZS with a control group, we found lower levels of pre- and postsynaptic proteins and reduced functional synapses by puncta co-localization. Furthermore, neurons and astrocytes derived from the CZS group showed decreased glutamate levels. Additionally, the CZS group exhibited elevated levels of cytokine production, one of which being IL-6, already associated with the ASD phenotype. These preliminary findings suggest that ZIKV vertical infection may cause long-lasting disruptions in brain development during fetal stages, even in the absence of the virus after birth. These disruptions could contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders manifestations such as ASD. Our study contributes with novel knowledge of the CZS outcomes and paves the way for clinical validation and the development of potential interventions to mitigate the impact of ZIKV vertical infection on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Benazzato
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1374, 2Nd Floor, Room 235, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lojudice
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Felizia Pöehlchen
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1374, 2Nd Floor, Room 235, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paulo Emílio Corrêa Leite
- Clinical Research Unit of the Antonio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Manucci
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Jungmann
- Pathology Department, University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, 01246-903, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiele B Russo
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1374, 2Nd Floor, Room 235, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Beltrão-Braga
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB-II), University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1374, 2Nd Floor, Room 235, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
- Institute Pasteur of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lucio Martins Rodrigues 370, A-Building, 4Th Floor, São Paulo-SP, 05508-020, Brazil.
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23
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Nheu D, Petratos S. How does Nogo-A signalling influence mitochondrial function during multiple sclerosis pathogenesis? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105767. [PMID: 38885889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe neurological disorder that involves inflammation in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve with key disabling neuropathological outcomes being axonal damage and demyelination. When degeneration of the axo-glial union occurs, a consequence of inflammatory damage to central nervous system (CNS) myelin, dystrophy and death can lead to large membranous structures from dead oligodendrocytes and degenerative myelin deposited in the extracellular milieu. For the first time, this review covers mitochondrial mechanisms that may be operative during MS-related neurodegenerative changes directly activated during accumulating extracellular deposits of myelin associated inhibitory factors (MAIFs), that include the potent inhibitor of neurite outgrowth, Nogo-A. Axonal damage may occur when Nogo-A binds to and signals through its cognate receptor, NgR1, a multimeric complex, to initially stall axonal transport and limit the delivery of important growth-dependent cargo and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria for metabolic efficiency at sites of axo-glial disintegration as a consequence of inflammation. Metabolic efficiency in axons fails during active demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration, preceded by stalled transport of functional mitochondria to fuel axo-glial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Nheu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia.
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24
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Brockie S, Zhou C, Fehlings MG. Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury: role of astrocytes and microglia. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1678-1685. [PMID: 38103231 PMCID: PMC10960308 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin, with the latter rising in incidence and prevalence with the aging demographics of our society. Moreover, as the global population ages, individuals with co-existent degenerative spinal pathology comprise a growing number of traumatic spinal cord injury cases, especially involving the cervical spinal cord. This makes recovery and treatment approaches particularly challenging as age and comorbidities may limit regenerative capacity. For these reasons, it is critical to better understand the complex milieu of spinal cord injury lesion pathobiology and the ensuing inflammatory response. This review discusses microglia-specific purinergic and cytokine signaling pathways, as well as microglial modulation of synaptic stability and plasticity after injury. Further, we evaluate the role of astrocytes in neurotransmission and calcium signaling, as well as their border-forming response to neural lesions. Both the inflammatory and reparative roles of these cells have eluded our complete understanding and remain key therapeutic targets due to their extensive structural and functional roles in the nervous system. Recent advances have shed light on the roles of glia in neurotransmission and reparative injury responses that will change how interventions are directed. Understanding key processes and existing knowledge gaps will allow future research to effectively target these cells and harness their regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Brockie
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy Zhou
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zheng YJ, Zhao A, Jiang X, Gan J. Astrocyte modulation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: A promising therapeutic strategy. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114814. [PMID: 38762094 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) poses significant challenges for drug development due to its complex pathogenesis. Astrocyte involvement in CIRI pathogenesis has led to the development of novel astrocyte-targeting drug strategies. To comprehensively review the current literature, we conducted a thorough analysis from January 2012 to December 2023, identifying 82 drugs aimed at preventing and treating CIRI. These drugs target astrocytes to exert potential benefits in CIRI, and their primary actions include modulation of relevant signaling pathways to inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, reduce cerebral edema, restore blood-brain barrier integrity, suppress excitotoxicity, and regulate autophagy. Notably, active components from traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ginkgo, and Ginseng exhibit these important pharmacological properties and show promise in the treatment of CIRI. This review highlights the potential of astrocyte-targeted drugs to ameliorate CIRI and categorizes them based on their mechanisms of action, underscoring their therapeutic potential in targeting astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Jia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Anliu Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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26
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Kong W, Lu C. Role of mitochondria in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:991-1000. [PMID: 38314617 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, an important cause of death as well as long-term disability in survivors, is caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation, and limited blood flow. Following hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neonatal brain, three main biochemical damages (excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and exacerbated inflammation) are triggered. Mitochondria are involved in all three cascades. Mitochondria are the nexus of metabolic pathways to offer most of the energy that our body needs. Hypoxic-ischemic injury affects the characteristics of mitochondria, including dynamics, permeability, and ATP production, which also feed back into the process of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Mitochondria can be a cellular hub in inflammation, which is another main response of the injured neonatal brain. Some treatments for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy affect the function of mitochondria or target mitochondria, including therapeutic hypothermia and erythropoietin. This review presents the main roles of mitochondria in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and discusses some potential treatments directed at mitochondria, which may foster the development of new therapeutic strategies for this encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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27
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Fan W, Liu L, Yin Y, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Guo J, Li G. Protein nanoparticles induce the activation of voltage-dependent non-selective ion channels to modulate biological osmotic pressure in cytotoxic cerebral edema. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1361733. [PMID: 39130645 PMCID: PMC11310023 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1361733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cytotoxic cerebral edema is a serious complication associated with cerebral ischemic stroke and is widely treated using the hypertonic dehydrant. Here, we propose, for the first time, the decrease of intracellular osmosis as a treatment strategy for alleviating cytotoxic cerebral edema. Methods We established a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based intermediate filament tension probe for the study and in situ evaluation of osmotic gradients, which were examined in real-time in living cells from primary cultures as well as cell lines. The MCAO rat model was used to confirm our therapy of cerebral edema. Results Depolymerization of microfilaments/microtubules and the production of NLRP3 inflammasome resulted in an abundance of protein nanoparticles (PNs) in the glutamate-induced swelling of astrocytes. PNs induced changes in membrane potential and intracellular second messengers, thereby contributing to hyper-osmosis and the resultant astrocyte swelling via the activation of voltage-dependent nonselective ion channels. Therefore, multiple inhibitors of PNs, sodium and chloride ion channels were screened as compound combinations, based on a decrease in cell osmosis and astrocyte swelling, which was followed by further confirmation of the effectiveness of the compound combination against alleviated cerebral edema after ischemia. Discussion The present study proposes new pathological mechanisms underlying "electrophysiology-biochemical signal-osmotic tension," which are responsible for cascade regulation in cerebral edema. It also explores various compound combinations as a potential treatment strategy for cerebral edema, which act by multi-targeting intracellular PNs and voltage-dependent nonselective ion flux to reduce astrocyte osmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxuan Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Zhaoshun Qiu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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28
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Akyuz E, Arulsamy A, Aslan FS, Sarisözen B, Guney B, Hekimoglu A, Yilmaz BN, Retinasamy T, Shaikh MF. An Expanded Narrative Review of Neurotransmitters on Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Therapeutic Interventions on Neurotransmission. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04333-y. [PMID: 39012443 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are the key players responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease. The accumulation of Aβ plaques and tau affect the balance in chemical neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus, the current review examined the role of neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and discusses the alterations in the neurochemical activity and cross talk with their receptors and transporters. In the presence of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, changes may occur in the expression of neuronal receptors which in turn triggers excessive release of glutamate into the synaptic cleft contributing to cell death and neuronal damage. The GABAergic system may also be affected by AD pathology in a similar way. In addition, decreased receptors in the cholinergic system and dysfunction in the dopamine neurotransmission of AD pathology may also contribute to the damage to cognitive function. Moreover, the presence of deficiencies in noradrenergic neurons within the locus coeruleus in AD suggests that noradrenergic stimulation could be useful in addressing its pathophysiology. The regulation of melatonin, known for its effectiveness in enhancing cognitive function and preventing Aβ accumulation, along with the involvement of the serotonergic system and histaminergic system in cognition and memory, becomes remarkable for promoting neurotransmission in AD. Additionally, nitric oxide and adenosine-based therapeutic approaches play a protective role in AD by preventing neuroinflammation. Overall, neurotransmitter-based therapeutic strategies emerge as pivotal for addressing neurotransmitter homeostasis and neurotransmission in the context of AD. This review discussed the potential for neurotransmitter-based drugs to be effective in slowing and correcting the neurodegenerative processes in AD by targeting the neurochemical imbalance in the brain. Therefore, neurotransmitter-based drugs could serve as a future therapeutic strategy to tackle AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- Department of Biophysics, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Bugra Sarisözen
- School of Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Beyzanur Guney
- International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Beyza Nur Yilmaz
- International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thaarvena Retinasamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, 2800, Australia.
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29
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Motyl G, Krupka WM, Maślińska M. The problem of residual pain in the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis activity. Reumatologia 2024; 62:176-186. [PMID: 39055728 PMCID: PMC11267660 DOI: 10.5114/reum/189779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Residual pain is a major unmet medical need observed in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which decreases their quality of life, even after achieving remission or low disease activity. The article has two aims: 1) to present mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of residual pain, both inflammatory and non-inflammatory, i.e. neuropathic and nociplastic pain, as well as secondary pain syndromes, i.e. osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia, which can contribute to residual pain; 2) to show the limitations of current disease activity measures recommended by European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR), which raise the need for a separate assessment of pain, and examples of methods that could be used by medical professionals to assess the pain and make a differential diagnosis. In conclusion, establishing a valid method to assess pain is essential to identify the pathomechanism of residual pain and to create treatments tailored specifically to individual RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Motyl
- Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Rheumatology Student Research Group at the National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Maria Krupka
- Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Rheumatology Student Research Group at the National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Maślińska
- Early Arthritis Clinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Zafra-Puerta L, Iglesias-Cabeza N, Burgos DF, Sciaccaluga M, González-Fernández J, Bellingacci L, Canonichesi J, Sánchez-Martín G, Costa C, Sánchez MP, Serratosa JM. Gene therapy for Lafora disease in the Epm2a -/- mouse model. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2130-2149. [PMID: 38796707 PMCID: PMC11286821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease is a rare and fatal form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy typically occurring early in adolescence. The disease results from mutations in the EPM2A gene, encoding laforin, or the EPM2B gene, encoding malin. Laforin and malin work together in a complex to control glycogen synthesis and prevent the toxicity produced by misfolded proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Disruptions in either protein cause alterations in this complex, leading to the formation of Lafora bodies containing abnormal, insoluble, and hyperphosphorylated forms of glycogen. We used the Epm2a-/- knockout mouse model of Lafora disease to apply gene therapy by administering intracerebroventricular injections of a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying the human EPM2A gene. We evaluated the effects of this treatment through neuropathological studies, behavioral tests, video-electroencephalography, electrophysiological recordings, and proteomic/phosphoproteomic analysis. Gene therapy ameliorated neurological and histopathological alterations, reduced epileptic activity and neuronal hyperexcitability, and decreased the formation of Lafora bodies. Moreover, differential quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed beneficial changes in various molecular pathways altered in Lafora disease. Our results represent proof of principle for gene therapy with the coding region of the human EPM2A gene as a treatment for EPM2A-related Lafora disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zafra-Puerta
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid-Cajal Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Fondazione Malattie Rare Mauro Baschirotto BIRD Onlus, Longare (VI), Italy
| | - Nerea Iglesias-Cabeza
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel F Burgos
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid-Cajal Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Sciaccaluga
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; Fondazione Malattie Rare Mauro Baschirotto BIRD Onlus, Longare (VI), Italy
| | - Juan González-Fernández
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Bellingacci
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Canonichesi
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gema Sánchez-Martín
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marina P Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Serratosa
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Cai Y, Guo H, Han T, Wang H. Lactate: a prospective target for therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1473-1479. [PMID: 38051889 PMCID: PMC10883489 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although antipsychotics that act via monoaminergic neurotransmitter modulation have considerable therapeutic effect, they cannot completely relieve clinical symptoms in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. This may be attributed to the limited range of neurotransmitters that are regulated by psychotropic drugs. Recent findings indicate the need for investigation of psychotropic medications that target less-studied neurotransmitters. Among these candidate neurotransmitters, lactate is developing from being a waste metabolite to a glial-neuronal signaling molecule in recent years. Previous studies have suggested that cerebral lactate levels change considerably in numerous psychiatric illnesses; animal experiments have also shown that the supply of exogenous lactate exerts an antidepressant effect. In this review, we have described how medications targeting newer neurotransmitters offer promise in psychiatric diseases; we have also summarized the advances in the use of lactate (and its corresponding signaling pathways) as a signaling molecule. In addition, we have described the alterations in brain lactate levels in depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia and have indicated the challenges that need to be overcome before brain lactate can be used as a therapeutic target in psychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tianle Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Liu XH, Zhang LY, Liu XY, Zhang JG, Hu YY, Zhao CG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. Transformation of A1/A2 Astrocytes Participates in Brain Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning via Inhibiting NDRG2. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1665-1676. [PMID: 38411782 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP) has been shown to improve brain ischemic tolerance against subsequent lethal ischemia. Reactive astrocytes play important roles in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Recent studies have shown that reactive astrocytes can be polarized into neurotoxic A1 phenotype (C3d) and neuroprotective A2 phenotype (S100A10). However, their role in CIP remains unclear. Here, we focused on the role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in regulating the transformation of A1/A2 astrocytes and promoting to brain ischemic tolerance induced by CIP. A Sprague Dawley rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was used. Rats were divided into the following six groups: (1) sham group; (2) CIP group: left middle cerebral artery was blocked for 10 min; (3) MCAO/R group: left middle cerebral artery was blocked for 90 min; (4) CIP + MCAO/R group: CIP was performed 72 h before MCAO/R; (5) AAV-NDRG2 + CIP + MCAO/R group: adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying NDRG2 was administered 14 days before CIP + MCAO/R; (6) AAV-Ctrl + CIP + MCAO/R group: empty control group. The rats were subjected to neurological evaluation 24 h after the above treatments, and then were sacrificed for 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetraolium chloride staining, thionin staining, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. In CIP + MCAO/R group, the neurological deficit scores decreased, infarct volume reduced, and neuronal density increased compared with MCAO/R group. Notably, CIP significantly increased S100A10 expression and the number of S100A10+/GFAP+ cells, and also increased NDRG2 expression. MCAO/R significantly decreased S100A10 expression and the number of S100A10+/GFAP+ cells yet increased C3d expression and the number of C3d+/GFAP+ cells and NDRG2 expression, and these trends were reversed by CIP + MCAO/R. Furthermore, over-expression of NDRG2 before CIP + MCAO/R, the C3d expression and the number of C3d+/GFAP+ cells increased, while S100A10 expression and the number of S100A10+/GFAP+ cells decreased. Meanwhile, over-expression of NDRG2 blocked the CIP-induced brain ischemic tolerance. Taken together, these results suggest that CIP exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic injury by suppressing A1 astrocyte polarization and promoting A2 astrocyte polarization via inhibiting NDRG2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Shijiazhuang Medical College, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhao
- Department of foreign language, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
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Jacquemyn J, Ralhan I, Ioannou MS. Driving factors of neuronal ferroptosis. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:535-546. [PMID: 38395733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an oxidative form of iron-dependent cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides on membranes. Iron and lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for this process. Ferroptosis is central to several neurological diseases and underlies the importance of balanced iron and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the brain, particularly in neurons. Here, we reflect on the potential links between neuronal physiology and the accumulation of iron and peroxidated lipids, the mechanisms neurons use to protect themselves from ferroptosis, and the relationship between pathogenic protein deposition and ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disease. We propose that the unique physiology of neurons makes them especially vulnerable to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jacquemyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Isha Ralhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Xia L, Zhao H, Shan L, Ma X, An P, Duan X. Using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to predict potential biomarkers for missed miscarriage and its metabolic pathways in a tertiary center: A cross-sectional analytic study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 166:312-325. [PMID: 38445380 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine and compare the serum metabolites in missed abortion versus normal early pregnancy using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and to determine how these metabolites can be used to predict the potential biomarkers and possible metabolic pathways of a missed abortion. METHODS The serum of patients with a missed abortion was used as the experimental group and the serum of patients with an induced abortion during normal early pregnancy was used as the control group. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis were additionally used to observe the difference in metabolite distribution between the two groups. A variable weight value (variable importance in the projection; VIP) obtained from the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model more than 1 and P less than 0.05 were taken to indicate significant differences in metabolite screening. After this, enrichment analysis of the metabolic pathways of these metabolites was conducted using Fisher precise test in order to find the metabolic pathway with the highest correlation with the differential metabolites. RESULTS In total, 30 patients were included in the experimental group, with 30 patients in the control group. Fifty-five metabolites (VIP > 1, P < 0.05) with significant differences related to missed abortion were selected, among which 35 metabolites increased and 20 decreased in patients with a missed abortion. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the four metabolic pathways with the highest correlation were cholesterol metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, cell apoptosis, and the FoxO signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The missed abortion serum metabolites and changes in related metabolic pathways reported in this study provide a basis for the early prediction and diagnosis of a missed abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xia
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
- Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Li Shan
- Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Peixing An
- Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Duan
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Sengking J, Mahakkanukrauh P. The underlying mechanism of calcium toxicity-induced autophagic cell death and lysosomal degradation in early stage of cerebral ischemia. Anat Cell Biol 2024; 57:155-162. [PMID: 38680098 PMCID: PMC11184419 DOI: 10.5115/acb.24.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is the important cause of worldwide disability and mortality, that is one of the obstruction of blood vessels supplying to the brain. In early stage, glutamate excitotoxicity and high level of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) are the major processes which can promote many downstream signaling involving in neuronal death and brain tissue damaging. Moreover, autophagy, the reusing of damaged cell organelles, is affected in early ischemia. Under ischemic conditions, autophagy plays an important role to maintain energy of the brain and its function. In the other hand, over intracellular Ca2+ accumulation triggers excessive autophagic process and lysosomal degradation leading to autophagic process impairment which finally induce neuronal death. This article reviews the association between intracellular Ca2+ and autophagic process in acute stage of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakhamon Sengking
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chaing Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Olschewski DN, Nazarzadeh N, Lange F, Koenig AM, Kulka C, Abraham JA, Blaschke SJ, Merkel R, Hoffmann B, Fink GR, Schroeter M, Rueger MA, Vay SU. The angiotensin II receptors type 1 and 2 modulate astrocytes and their crosstalk with microglia and neurons in an in vitro model of ischemic stroke. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:29. [PMID: 38926677 PMCID: PMC11202395 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type of the central nervous system and are fundamentally involved in homeostasis, neuroprotection, and synaptic plasticity. This regulatory function of astrocytes on their neighboring cells in the healthy brain is subject of current research. In the ischemic brain we assume disease specific differences in astrocytic acting. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulates arterial blood pressure through endothelial cells and perivascular musculature. Moreover, astrocytes express angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptors. However, their role in astrocytic function has not yet been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that the angiotensin II receptors impact astrocyte function as revealed in an in vitro system mimicking cerebral ischemia. Astrocytes derived from neonatal wistar rats were exposed to telmisartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor-blocker) or PD123319 (angiotensin II type 2 receptor-blocker) under normal conditions (control) or deprivation from oxygen and glucose. Conditioned medium (CM) of astrocytes was harvested to elucidate astrocyte-mediated indirect effects on microglia and cortical neurons. RESULT The blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by telmisartan increased the survival of astrocytes during ischemic conditions in vitro without affecting their proliferation rate or disturbing their expression of S100A10, a marker of activation. The inhibition of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor pathway by PD123319 resulted in both increased expression of S100A10 and proliferation rate. The CM of telmisartan-treated astrocytes reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators with simultaneous increase of anti-inflammatory markers in microglia. Increased neuronal activity was observed after treatment of neurons with CM of telmisartan- as well as PD123319-stimulated astrocytes. CONCLUSION Data show that angiotensin II receptors have functional relevance for astrocytes that differs in healthy and ischemic conditions and effects surrounding microglia and neuronal activity via secretory signals. Above that, this work emphasizes the strong interference of the different cells in the CNS and that targeting astrocytes might serve as a therapeutic strategy to influence the acting of glia-neuronal network in de- and regenerative context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Navin Olschewski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nilufar Nazarzadeh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Lange
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Koenig
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Kulka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jella-Andrea Abraham
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Stefan Johannes Blaschke
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Department of Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Department of Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Sabine Ulrike Vay
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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陈 洁, 刘 晨, 王 春, 李 丽, 陶 伟, 徐 婧, 唐 红, 黄 丽. [Exogenous leptin improves cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced glutamate excitotoxic injury in mice by up-regulating GLT-1 and GLAST expression in astrocytes]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:1079-1087. [PMID: 38977337 PMCID: PMC11237293 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of exogenous leptin against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS A total of 100 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, including a sham-operated group, cerebral I/R model group, and 3 leptin treatment groups with intraperitoneal injections of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 leptin immediately after occlusion of the internal carotid artery. At 24 h after reperfusion, neurological function scores of the mice were assessed, and TTC staining was used to determine the area of cerebral infarction. The pathological changes in the cortical brain tissue of the mice were observed using HE staining, and degenerative damage of the cortical neurons were assessed with Fluoro-Jade C staining. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in cortical brain tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In another 45 C57BL/6 mice with sham operation, I/R modeling, or leptin (1 mg/kg) treatment, glutamic acid in the cortical brain tissue was detected using glutamate assay, and cortical glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) protein expressions were detected using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the I/R model mice, the leptin-treated mice had significantly lower neurological deficit scores, smaller cerebral infarct area, milder pathologies in the cortical brain tissue, and lessened cortical neuronal damage with normal morphology and less excessive proliferation of the astrocytes. Leptin treatment significantly up-regulated the expressions of GLT-1 and GLAST and lowered the content of glutamic acid in the brain tissue of the I/R mice. CONCLUSION Exogenous leptin has obvious neuroprotective effect against cerebral I/R injury in mice, mediated probably by controlling excessive astrocyte proliferation and up-regulating cortical GLT-1 and GLAST expressions to reduce glutamate-mediated excitotoxic injury of the astrocytes.
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Yan Y, Cho AN. Human Brain In Vitro Model for Pathogen Infection-Related Neurodegeneration Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6522. [PMID: 38928228 PMCID: PMC11204318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in stem cell biology and tissue engineering have revolutionized the field of neurodegeneration research by enabling the development of sophisticated in vitro human brain models. These models, including 2D monolayer cultures, 3D organoids, organ-on-chips, and bioengineered 3D tissue models, aim to recapitulate the cellular diversity, structural organization, and functional properties of the native human brain. This review highlights how these in vitro brain models have been used to investigate the effects of various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites infection, particularly in the human brain cand their subsequent impacts on neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of different 2D brain cell types to infection, elucidated the mechanisms underlying pathogen-induced neuroinflammation, and identified potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, current methodological improvement brought the technology of 3D models to overcome the challenges of 2D cells, such as the limited cellular diversity, incomplete microenvironment, and lack of morphological structures by highlighting the need for further technological advancements. This review underscored the significance of in vitro human brain cell from 2D monolayer to bioengineered 3D tissue model for elucidating the intricate dynamics for pathogen infection modeling. These in vitro human brain cell enabled researchers to unravel human specific mechanisms underlying various pathogen infections such as SARS-CoV-2 to alter blood-brain-barrier function and Toxoplasma gondii impacting neural cell morphology and its function. Ultimately, these in vitro human brain models hold promise as personalized platforms for development of drug compound, gene therapy, and vaccine. Overall, we discussed the recent progress in in vitro human brain models, their applications in studying pathogen infection-related neurodegeneration, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Yan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia;
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ann-Na Cho
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia;
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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Eller MM, Zuberi AR, Fu X, Burgess SC, Lutz CM, Bailey RM. Valine and Inflammation Drive Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of ECHS1 Deficiency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598697. [PMID: 38915588 PMCID: PMC11195255 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
ECHS1 Deficiency (ECHS1D) is a rare and devastating pediatric disease that currently has no defined treatments. This disorder results from missense loss-of-function mutations in the ECHS1 gene that result in severe developmental delays, encephalopathy, hypotonia, and early death. ECHS1 enzymatic activity is necessary for the beta-oxidation of fatty acids and the oxidation of branched-chain amino acids within the inner mitochondrial matrix. The pathogenesis of disease remains unknown, however it is hypothesized that disease is driven by an accumulation of toxic metabolites from impaired valine oxidation. To expand our knowledge on disease mechanisms, a novel mouse model of ECHS1D was generated that possesses a disease-associated knock-in (KI) allele and a knock-out (KO) allele. To investigate the behavioral phenotype, a battery of testing was performed at multiple time points, which included assessments of learning, motor function, endurance, sensory responses, and anxiety. Neurological abnormalities were assessed using wireless telemetry EEG recordings, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure induction, and immunohistochemistry. Metabolic perturbations were measured within the liver, serum, and brain using mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To test disease mechanisms, mice were subjected to disease pathway stressors and then survival, body weight gain, and epilepsy were assessed. Mice containing KI/KI or KI/KO alleles were viable with normal development and survival, and the presence of KI and KO alleles resulted in a significant reduction in ECHS1 protein. ECHS1D mice displayed reduced exercise capacity and pain sensation. EEG analysis revealed increased slow wave power that was associated with perturbations in sleep. ECHS1D mice had significantly increased epileptiform EEG discharges, and were sensitive to seizure induction, which resulted in death of 60% of ECHS1D mice. Under basal conditions, brain structure was grossly normal, although histological analysis revealed increased microglial activation in aged ECHS1D mice. Increased dietary valine only affected ECHS1D mice, which significantly exacerbated seizure susceptibility and resulted in death. Lastly, acute inflammatory challenge drove regression and early lethality in ECHS1D mice. In conclusion, we developed a novel model of ECHS1D that may be used to further knowledge on disease mechanisms and to develop therapeutics. Our data suggests altered metabolic signaling and inflammation may contribute to epilepsy in ECHS1D, and these alterations may be attributed to impaired valine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M. Eller
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Aamir R. Zuberi
- The Jackson Laboratory Center for Precision Genetics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Shawn C. Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Cathleen M. Lutz
- The Jackson Laboratory Center for Precision Genetics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Rachel M. Bailey
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235
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Tian J, Jia K, Wang T, Guo L, Xuan Z, Michaelis EK, Swerdlow RH, Du H. Hippocampal transcriptome-wide association study and pathway analysis of mitochondrial solute carriers in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:250. [PMID: 38858380 PMCID: PMC11164935 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as the result of the combination of the aging process, toxic proteins, brain dysmetabolism, and genetic risks. Although the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD has been well-appreciated, the interaction between mitochondrial function and genetic variability in promoting dementia is still poorly understood. In this study, by tissue-specific transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and further meta-analysis, we examined the genetic association between mitochondrial solute carrier family (SLC25) genes and AD in three independent cohorts and identified three AD-susceptibility genes, including SLC25A10, SLC25A17, and SLC25A22. Integrative analysis using neuroimaging data and hippocampal TWAS-predicted gene expression of the three susceptibility genes showed an inverse correlation of SLC25A22 with hippocampal atrophy rate in AD patients, which outweighed the impacts of sex, age, and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4). Furthermore, SLC25A22 downregulation demonstrated an association with AD onset, as compared with the other two transcriptome-wide significant genes. Pathway and network analysis related hippocampal SLC25A22 downregulation to defects in neuronal function and development, echoing the enrichment of SLC25A22 expression in human glutamatergic neurons. The most parsimonious interpretation of the results is that we have identified AD-susceptibility genes in the SLC25 family through the prediction of hippocampal gene expression. Moreover, our findings mechanistically yield insight into the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of AD and pave the way for the future development of diagnostic tools for the early prevention of AD from a perspective of precision medicine by targeting the mitochondria-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kun Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Elias K Michaelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Egilmezer E, Hamilton ST, Lauw G, Follett J, Sonntag E, Schütz M, Marschall M, Rawlinson WD. Human Cytomegalovirus Dysregulates Cellular Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinases and Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Proteins in Neural Astrocyte and Placental Models. Viruses 2024; 16:918. [PMID: 38932210 PMCID: PMC11209403 DOI: 10.3390/v16060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading non-genetic cause of congenital malformation in developed countries, causing significant fetal injury, and in some cases fetal death. The pathogenetic mechanisms through which this host-specific virus infects then damages both the placenta and the fetal brain are currently ill-defined. We investigated the CMV modulation of key signaling pathway proteins for these organs including dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRK) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway proteins using human first trimester placental trophoblast (TEV-1) cells, primary human astrocyte (NHA) brain cells, and CMV-infected human placental tissue. Immunofluorescence demonstrated the accumulation and re-localization of SHH proteins in CMV-infected TEV-1 cells with Gli2, Ulk3, and Shh re-localizing to the CMV cytoplasmic virion assembly complex (VAC). In CMV-infected NHA cells, DYRK1A re-localized to the VAC and DYRK1B re-localized to the CMV nuclear replication compartments, and the SHH proteins re-localized with a similar pattern as was observed in TEV-1 cells. Western blot analysis in CMV-infected TEV-1 cells showed the upregulated expression of Rb, Ulk3, and Shh, but not Gli2. In CMV-infected NHA cells, there was an upregulation of DYRK1A, DYRK1B, Gli2, Rb, Ulk3, and Shh. These in vitro monoculture findings are consistent with patterns of protein upregulation and re-localization observed in naturally infected placental tissue and CMV-infected ex vivo placental explant histocultures. This study reveals CMV-induced changes in proteins critical for fetal development, and identifies new potential targets for CMV therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Egilmezer
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (E.E.)
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart T. Hamilton
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (E.E.)
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Glen Lauw
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia
| | - Jasmine Follett
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia
| | - Eric Sonntag
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.M.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.M.)
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany (M.M.)
| | - William D. Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (E.E.)
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia
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Lombardi AM, Wong H, Bower ME, Milstead R, Borski C, Schmitt E, Griffioen M, LaPlante L, Ehringer MA, Stitzel J, Hoeffer CA. AKT2 modulates astrocytic nicotine responses in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596856. [PMID: 38854016 PMCID: PMC11160815 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of nicotine neurobiology is needed to reduce or prevent chronic addiction, ameliorate the detrimental effects of nicotine withdrawal, and increase successful cessation of use. Nicotine binds and activates two astrocyte-expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), α4β2 and α7. We recently found that Protein kinase B-β (Pkb-β or Akt2) expression is restricted to astrocytes in mice and humans. To determine if AKT2 plays a role in astrocytic nicotinic responses, we generated astrocyte-specific Akt2 conditional knockout (cKO) and full Akt2 KO mice for in vivo and in vitro experiments. For in vivo studies, we examined mice exposed to chronic nicotine for two weeks in drinking water (200 μg/mL) and following acute nicotine challenge (0.09, 0.2 mg/kg) after 24 hrs. Our in vitro studies used cultured mouse astrocytes to measure nicotine-dependent astrocytic responses. We validated our approaches using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure inducing astrogliosis. Sholl analysis was used to measure glial fibrillary acidic protein responses in astrocytes. Our data show that wild-type (WT) mice exhibit increased astrocyte morphological complexity during acute nicotine exposure, with decreasing complexity during chronic nicotine use, whereas Akt2 cKO mice showed increased astrocyte morphology complexity. In culture, we found that 100μM nicotine was sufficient for morphological changes and blocking α7 or α4β2 nAChRs prevented observed morphologic changes. Finally, we performed conditioned place preference (CPP) in Akt2 cKO mice and found that astrocytic AKT2 deficiency reduced nicotine preference compared to controls. These findings show the importance of nAChRs and Akt2 signaling in the astrocytic response to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Lombardi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Helen Wong
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Myra E. Bower
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Ryan Milstead
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Curtis Borski
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Emily Schmitt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Mina Griffioen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Lauren LaPlante
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Marissa A. Ehringer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jerry Stitzel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Charles A. Hoeffer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Linda Crnic Institute, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045
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Chikviladze M, Mamulashvili N, Sepashvili M, Narmania N, Ramsden J, Shanshiashvili L, Mikeladze D. Citrullinated isomer of myelin basic protein can induce inflammatory responses in astrocytes. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:127-134. [PMID: 38288135 PMCID: PMC10823069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose During the course of demyelinating inflammatory diseases, myelin-derived proteins, including myelin basic protein(MBP), are secreted into extracellular space. MBP shows extensive post-translational modifications, including deimination/citrullination. Deiminated MBP is structurally less ordered, susceptible to proteolytic attack, and more immunogenic than unmodified MBP. This study investigated the effect of the deiminated/citrullinated isomer of MBP(C8) and the unmodified isomer of MBP(C1) on cultured primary astrocytes. Methods MBP charge isomers were isolated/purified from bovine brain. Primary astrocyte cultures were prepared from the 2-day-old Wistar rats. For evaluation of glutamate release/uptake a Fluorimetric glutamate assay was used. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ), excitatory amino acid transporter 2(EAAT2), the inhibitor of the nuclear factor kappa-B(ikB) and high mobility group-B1(HMGB1) protein were assayed by Western blot analysis. IL-17A expression was determined in cell medium by ELISA. Results We found that MBP(C8) and MBP(C1) acted differently on the uptake/release of glutamate in astrocytes: C1 increased glutamate uptake and did not change its release, whereas C8 decreased glutamate release but did not change its uptake. Both isomers increased the expression of PPAR-γ and EAAT2 to the same degree. Western blots of cell lysates revealed decreased expression of ikB and increased expression of HMGB1 proteins after treatment of astrocytes by C8. Moreover, C8-treated cells released more nitric oxide and proinflammatory IL-17A than C1-treated cells. Conclusions These data suggest that the most immunogenic deiminated isomer C8, in parallel to the decreases in glutamate release, elicits an inflammatory response and enhances the secretion of proinflammatory molecules via activation of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB). Summary statement The most modified-citrullinated myelin basic protein charge isomer decreases glutamate release, elicits an inflammatory response and enhances the secretion of proinflammatory molecules via activation of nuclear factor kappa B in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nino Mamulashvili
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maia Sepashvili
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Biochemistry, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nana Narmania
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Biochemistry, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jeremy Ramsden
- Department of Biomedical Research, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK
| | - Lali Shanshiashvili
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Biochemistry, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Mikeladze
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Biochemistry, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Gazzin S, Bellarosa C, Tiribelli C. Molecular events in brain bilirubin toxicity revisited. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1734-1740. [PMID: 38378754 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in bilirubin neurotoxicity are still far from being fully elucidated. Several different events concur to damage mainly the neurons among which inflammation and alteration of the redox state play a major role. An imbalance of cellular calcium homeostasis has been recently described to be associated with toxic concentrations of bilirubin, and this disequilibrium may in turn elicit an inflammatory reaction. The different and age-dependent sensitivity to bilirubin damage must also be considered in describing the dramatic clinical picture of bilirubin-induced neurological damage (BIND) formerly known as kernicterus spectrum disorder (KSD). This review aims to critically address what is known and what is not in the molecular events of bilirubin neurotoxicity to provide hints for a better diagnosis and more successful treatments. Part of these concepts have been presented at the 38th Annual Audrey K. Brown Kernicterus Symposium of Pediatric American Society, Washington DC, May 1, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gazzin
- Liver-Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Bellarosa
- Liver-Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver-Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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45
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Pandya VA, Patani R. The role of glial cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:381-450. [PMID: 38802179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has traditionally been considered a neuron-centric disease. This view is now outdated, with increasing recognition of cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous contributions of central and peripheral nervous system glia to ALS pathomechanisms. With glial research rapidly accelerating, we comprehensively interrogate the roles of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite glia in nervous system physiology and ALS-associated pathology. Moreover, we highlight the inter-glial, glial-neuronal and inter-system polylogue which constitutes the healthy nervous system and destabilises in disease. We also propose classification based on function for complex glial reactive phenotypes and discuss the pre-requisite for integrative modelling to advance translation. Given the paucity of life-enhancing therapies currently available for ALS patients, we discuss the promising potential of harnessing glia in driving ALS therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virenkumar A Pandya
- University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
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46
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Jenkins AK, Ketchesin KD, Becker-Krail DD, McClung CA. Molecular Rhythmicity in Glia: Importance for Brain Health and Relevance to Psychiatric Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01298-8. [PMID: 38735357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximate 24-hour rhythms present in nearly all aspects of human physiology, including proper brain function. These rhythms are produced at the cellular level through a transcriptional-translational feedback loop known as the molecular clock. Diurnal variation in gene expression has been demonstrated in brain tissue from multiple species, including humans, in both cortical and subcortical regions. Interestingly, these rhythms in gene expression have been shown to be disrupted across psychiatric disorders and may be implicated in their underlying pathophysiology. However, little is known regarding molecular rhythms in specific cell types in the brain and how they might be involved in psychiatric disease. Although glial cells (e.g., astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) have been historically understudied compared to neurons, evidence of the molecular clock is found within each of these cell subtypes. Here, we review the current literature, which suggests that molecular rhythmicity is essential to functional physiologic outputs from each glial subtype. Furthermore, disrupted molecular rhythms within these cells and the resultant functional deficits may be relevant to specific phenotypes across psychiatric illnesses. Given that circadian rhythm disruptions have been so integrally tied to psychiatric disease, the molecular mechanisms governing these associations could represent exciting new avenues for future research and potential novel pharmacologic targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K Jenkins
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle D Ketchesin
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Darius D Becker-Krail
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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47
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Oliveira RN, Carvalhinho-Lopes PS, Carvalho CPF, Hirata RYS, Vaz SH, Sebastião AM, Armada-Moreira A, Rosário BA, Lemes JA, Soares-Silva B, de Andrade JS, Santos JR, Ribeiro AM, Viana MB. Neuroprotective effects of platinum nanoparticle-based microreactors in bicuculline-induced seizures. Behav Brain Res 2024; 465:114956. [PMID: 38479475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy designates a group of chronic brain disorders, characterized by the recurrence of hypersynchronous, repetitive activity, of neuronal clusters. Epileptic seizures are the hallmark of epilepsy. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to eliminate seizures with minimal side effects. Nevertheless, approximately 30% of patients do not respond to the available drugs. An imbalance between excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission, that leads to excitotoxicity, seizures, and cell death, has been proposed as an important mechanism regarding epileptogenesis. Recently, it has been shown that microreactors composed of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NP) and glutamate dehydrogenase possess in vitro and in vivo activity against excitotoxicity. This study investigates the in vivo effects of these microreactors in an animal model of epilepsy induced by the administration of the GABAergic antagonist bicuculline. Male Wistar rats were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with the microreactors or saline and, five days later, injected with bicuculline or saline. Seizure severity was evaluated in an open field. Thirty min after behavioral measurements, animals were euthanized, and their brains processed for neurodegeneration evaluation and for neurogenesis. Treatment with the microreactors significantly increased the time taken for the onset of seizures and for the first tonic-clonic seizure, when compared to the bicuculline group that did not receive the microreactor. The administration of the microreactors also increased the time spent in total exploration and grooming. Treatment with the microreactors decreased bicuculline-induced neurodegeneration and increased neurogenesis in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. These observations suggest that treatment with Pt-NP-based microreactors attenuates the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of epileptiform seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto N Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Carvalhinho-Lopes
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Carolina P F Carvalho
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Rafael Y S Hirata
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Adam Armada-Moreira
- Neuronal Dynamics Laboratory, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea, Trieste 265 - 34136, Italy
| | - Bárbara A Rosário
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A Lemes
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Soares-Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - José S de Andrade
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova Aracaju, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Milena B Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil.
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Lu HJ, Guo D, Wei QQ. Potential of Neuroinflammation-Modulating Strategies in Tuberculous Meningitis: Targeting Microglia. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1255-1276. [PMID: 37196131 PMCID: PMC11081169 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe complication of tuberculosis (TB) and is associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the infectious agent of TB, disseminates from the respiratory epithelium, breaks through the blood-brain barrier, and establishes a primary infection in the meninges. Microglia are the core of the immune network in the central nervous system (CNS) and interact with glial cells and neurons to fight against harmful pathogens and maintain homeostasis in the brain through pleiotropic functions. However, M. tb directly infects microglia and resides in them as the primary host for bacillus infections. Largely, microglial activation slows disease progression. The non-productive inflammatory response that initiates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines may be neurotoxic and aggravate tissue injuries based on damages caused by M. tb. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is an emerging strategy for modulating host immune responses against diverse diseases. Recent studies have shown that HDT can control neuroinflammation in TBM and act as an adjunct therapy to antibiotic treatment. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of microglia in TBM and potential host-directed TB therapies that target microglia to treat TBM. We also discuss the limitations of applying each HDT and suggest a course of action for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Jun Lu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daji Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qi Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Tibet Military Command, Xizang, China
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Ho DH, Kim H, Nam D, Seo MK, Park SW, Son I. Expression of G2019S LRRK2 in Rat Primary Astrocytes Mediates Neurotoxicity and Alters the Dopamine Synthesis Pathway in N27 Cells via Astrocytic Proinflammatory Cytokines and Neurotrophic Factors. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4324-4336. [PMID: 38785531 PMCID: PMC11119058 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes in the brain contribute to various essential functions, including maintenance of the neuronal framework, survival, communication, metabolic processes, and neurotransmitter levels. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 is expressed in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes and plays diverse roles in these cell types. We aimed to determine the effects of mutant human G2019S-LRRK2 (GS-hLRRK2) in rat primary astrocytes (rASTROs). Transfection with GS-hLRRK2 significantly decreased cell viability compared to transfection with the vector and wild-type human LRRK2 (WT-hLRRK2). GS-hLRRK2 expression significantly reduced the levels of nerve growth factor and increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α) compared to the vector and WT-hLRRK2 expression. Furthermore, GS-hLRRK2 expression in rASTROs promoted astrogliosis, which was characterized by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. Treatment with the conditioned medium of G2019S LRRK2-expressing rASTROs decreased N27 cell viability compared to treatment with that of WT-hLRRK2-expressing rASTROs. Consequently, the regulation of the dopamine synthesis pathway was affected in N27 cells, thereby leading to altered levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, Nurr1, and dopamine release. Overall, the G2019S LRRK2 mutation disrupted astrocyte function, thereby aggravating PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Ho
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321, Sanbon-ro, Gunpo-si 15865, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Hyejung Kim
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321, Sanbon-ro, Gunpo-si 15865, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Daleum Nam
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321, Sanbon-ro, Gunpo-si 15865, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan-si 47392, Republic of Korea; (M.K.S.); (S.W.P.)
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan-si 47392, Republic of Korea; (M.K.S.); (S.W.P.)
- Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan-si 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321, Sanbon-ro, Gunpo-si 15865, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (D.N.)
- Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321, Sanbon-ro, Gunpo-si 15865, Republic of Korea
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Zhang W, Jiao B, Yu S, Zhang C, Zhang K, Liu B, Zhang X. Histone deacetylase as emerging pharmacological therapeutic target for neuropathic pain: From epigenetic to selective drugs. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14745. [PMID: 38715326 PMCID: PMC11077000 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain remains a formidable challenge for modern medicine. The first-line pharmacological therapies exhibit limited efficacy and unfavorable side effect profiles, highlighting an unmet need for effective therapeutic medications. The past decades have witnessed an explosion in efforts to translate epigenetic concepts into pain therapy and shed light on epigenetics as a promising avenue for pain research. Recently, the aberrant activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) has emerged as a key mechanism contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. AIMS In this review, we highlight the distinctive role of specific HDAC subtypes in a cell-specific manner in pain nociception, and outline the recent experimental evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of HDACi in neuropathic pain. METHODS We have summarized studies of HDAC in neuropathic pain in Pubmed. RESULTS HDACs, widely distributed in the neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord, regulate gene expression by deacetylation of histone or non-histone proteins and involving in increased neuronal excitability and neuroinflammation, thus promoting peripheral and central sensitization. Importantly, pharmacological manipulation of aberrant acetylation using HDAC-targeted inhibitors (HDACi) has shown promising pain-relieving properties in various preclinical models of neuropathic pain. Yet, many of which exhibit low-specificity that may induce off-target toxicities, underscoring the necessity for the development of isoform-selective HDACi in pain management. CONCLUSIONS Abnormally elevated HDACs promote neuronal excitability and neuroinflammation by epigenetically modulating pivotal gene expression in neuronal and immune cells, contributing to peripheral and central sensitization in the progression of neuropathic pain, and HDACi showed significant efficacy and great potential for alleviating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric AnesthesiaTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric AnesthesiaTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shangchen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric AnesthesiaTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric AnesthesiaTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric AnesthesiaTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric AnesthesiaTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric AnesthesiaTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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