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Wang Y, Wu G, Wang Y, Xiao F, Yin H, Yu L, Shehzad Q, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wang X. Association of erythrocyte fatty acid compositions with the risk of pancreatic cancer: A case-control study. Lipids 2024. [PMID: 39397372 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal malignancies, which has attracted scientists to investigate its etiology and pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the association between erythrocyte fatty acids and PC risk remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between levels of erythrocyte fatty acids and PC risk. The erythrocyte fatty acid compositions of 105 PC patients and 120 controls were determined by gas chromatography. Cases and controls were frequency matched by age and sex. Multivariable conditional logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline were applied to estimate the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) of erythrocyte fatty acids and PC risk. Our main findings indicated a significant negative association between levels of erythrocyte total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and the risk of PC (ORT3-T1 = 0.30 [0.14, 0.63] and ORT3-T1 = 0.15 [0.06, 0.33], respectively). In contrast, erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) levels, were positively associated with PC incidence (RT1-T3 = 4.24 [1.97, 9.46] and ORT1-T3 = 4.53 [2.09, 10.20]). Total saturated fatty acid (SFA), especially high levels of palmitic acid (16:0), was positively associated with the risk of PC (ORT3-T1 = 3.25 [1.53, 7.08]). Our findings suggest that levels of different types of fatty acids in erythrocytes may significantly alter PC susceptibility. Protective factors against PC include unsaturated fatty acids such as n-3 PUFA and MUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Research and Development, Jiahe Foods Industry Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongming Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Le Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Research and Development, Jiahe Foods Industry Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
- Department of Dairy Technology and Equipment Research, National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Qayyum Shehzad
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Wang Y, Wu G, Xiao F, Yin H, Yu L, Chen Y, Shehzad Q, Xu L, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wang X. Fatty acid composition in erythrocytes and coronary artery disease risk: a case-control study in China. Food Funct 2024; 15:7174-7188. [PMID: 38895817 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims: There is limited and conflicting evidence about the association of erythrocyte fatty acids with coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in China where the CAD rates are high. Our study aimed to explore the association between erythrocyte fatty acid composition and CAD risk in Chinese adults. Methods: Erythrocyte fatty acids of 314 CAD patients and 314 matched controls were measured by gas chromatography. Multivariable conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to explore the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) and potential association between erythrocyte fatty acids and CAD risk. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze further the potential role of various erythrocyte fatty acid patterns in relation to CAD risk. Results: Significant inverse associations were observed between high levels of erythrocyte total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) [ORT3-T1 = 0.18 (0.12, 0.28)], monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) [ORT3-T1 = 0.21 (0.13, 0.32)], and the risk of CAD. Conversely, levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) were positively associated with CAD risk [ORT3-T1 = 3.33 (2.18, 5.13), ORT3-T1 = 1.61 (1.06, 2.43)]. No significant association was observed between CAD risk and total trans fatty acids. Additionally, the PCA identifies four new fatty acid patterns (FAPs). The risk of CAD was significantly positively associated with FAP1 and FAP2, while being negatively correlated with FAP3 and FAP4. Conclusion: The different types of erythrocyte fatty acids may significantly alter susceptibility to CAD. Elevated levels of n-3-PUFAs and MUFAs are considered as protective biomarkers against CAD, while SFAs and n-6 PUFAs may be associated with higher CAD risk in Chinese adults. The risk of CAD was positively associated with FAP1 and FAP2, and negatively associated with FAP3 and FAP4. Combinations of erythrocyte fatty acids may be more important markers of CAD development than individual fatty acids or their subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Hongming Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Le Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Qayyum Shehzad
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Lirong Xu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Fresa K, Catandi GD, Whitcomb L, Gonzalez-Castro RA, Chicco AJ, Carnevale EM. Adiposity in mares induces insulin dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction which can be mitigated by nutritional intervention. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13992. [PMID: 38886475 PMCID: PMC11183153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease associated with augmented risk of metabolic disorder development and cellular dysfunction in various species. The goal of the present study was to investigate the impacts of obesity on the metabolic health of old mares as well as test the ability of diet supplementation with either a complex blend of nutrients designed to improve equine metabolism and gastrointestinal health or L-carnitine alone to mitigate negative effects of obesity. Mares (n = 19, 17.9 ± 3.7 years) were placed into one of three group: normal-weight (NW, n = 6), obese (OB, n = 7) or obese fed a complex diet supplement for 12 weeks (OBD, n = 6). After 12 weeks and completion of sample collections, OB mares received L-carnitine alone for an additional 6 weeks. Obesity in mares was significantly associated with insulin dysregulation, reduced muscle mitochondrial function, and decreased skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with greater ROS production when compared to NW. Obese mares fed the complex diet supplement had better insulin sensivity, greater cell lipid metabolism, and higher muscle oxidative capacity with reduced ROS production than OB. L-carnitine supplementation alone did not significantly alter insulin signaling, but improved lipid metabolism and muscle oxidative capacity with reduced ROS. In conclusion, obesity is associated with insulin dysregulation and altered skeletal muscle metabolism in older mares. However, dietary interventions are an effective strategy to improve metabolic status and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in older mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Fresa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Giovana D Catandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Luke Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Raul A Gonzalez-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Demonty I, Nguyen L, MacFarlane AJ, Rudkowska I, Zoka R, Hopperton KE. Proportions of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes of Canadian adults before the prohibition of partially hydrogenated oils in foods: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012-2015. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1485-1494. [PMID: 38583806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The partially hydrogenated oil (PHO) prohibition came into effect in Canada in September 2018 to reduce the intakes of total trans fatty acids (t-TFAs) and industrially produced TFAs (i-TFAs). OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the red blood cell (RBC) proportions of t-TFA (primary objective) and total 18:1 TFA (secondary objective) of adults in Canada before the PHO prohibition and to identify the population subgroups at risk of higher TFA intakes. METHODS We pooled data from 4025 adult participants of the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 3 and 4 (2012-2015). We estimated mean proportions, relative to total fatty acids (FAs), of RBC t-TFA and 18:1 TFA and their associations with sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS The nonadjusted mean RBC proportions of t-TFA and total 18:1 TFA were 0.59% (95% CI: 0.54, 0.63) and 0.27% (95% CI: 0.25, 0.29), respectively. In the adjusted models, the same participant characteristics were associated with t-TFA and 18:1 TFA but differences were generally smaller for 18:1 TFA than for t-TFA. Race, BMI, and alcohol intake were independently associated with RBC t-TFA and 18:1 TFA. Asian and Black participants had lower RBC t-TFA (-0.05% and -0.10% of total FA, respectively) than White participants. Obesity and high risk alcohol drinking were associated with slightly lower (≤0.06%) t-TFA proportions than lower adiposity and alcohol intake concentrations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pre-PHO prohibition in food in Canada, t-TFA proportions were relatively low compared with a proposed threshold of 1% of total RBC FAs, over which cardiovascular disease risk may be higher. Previous voluntary initiatives to reduce i-TFA in the food supply may explain these relatively low RBC t-TFA concentrations. Some population subgroups had higher baseline RBC TFA than other subgroups, but the physiological implications of these small differences, at relatively low baseline RBC TFA proportions, remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Demonty
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Loan Nguyen
- Biostatistics and Modelling Division, Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amanda J MacFarlane
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada; Texas A&M Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition Evidence Center, TX, United States; Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, TX, United States
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Rana Zoka
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kathryn E Hopperton
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
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Annevelink CE, Westra J, Sala-Vila A, Harris WS, Tintle NL, Shearer GC. A Genome-Wide Interaction Study of Erythrocyte ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Species and Memory in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort. J Nutr 2024; 154:1640-1651. [PMID: 38141771 PMCID: PMC11347816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline, and more specifically Alzheimer's disease, continues to increase in prevalence globally, with few, if any, adequate preventative approaches. Several tests of cognition are utilized in the diagnosis of cognitive decline that assess executive function, short- and long-term memory, cognitive flexibility, and speech and motor control. Recent studies have separately investigated the genetic component of both cognitive health, using these measures, and circulating fatty acids. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the potential moderating effect of main species of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on an individual's genetically conferred risk of cognitive decline. METHODS The Offspring cohort from the Framingham Heart Study was cross-sectionally analyzed in this genome-wide interaction study (GWIS). Our sample included all individuals with red blood cell ω-3 PUFA, genetic, cognitive testing (via Trail Making Tests [TMTs]), and covariate data (N = 1620). We used linear mixed effects models to predict each of the 3 cognitive measures (TMT A, TMT B, and TMT D) by each ω-3 PUFA, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (0, 1, or 2 minor alleles), ω-3 PUFA by SNP interaction term, and adjusting for sex, age, education, APOE ε4 genotype status, and kinship (relatedness). RESULTS Our analysis identified 31 unique SNPs from 24 genes reaching an exploratory significance threshold of 1×10-5. Fourteen of the 24 genes have been previously associated with the brain/cognition, and 5 genes have been previously associated with circulating lipids. Importantly, 8 of the genes we identified, DAB1, SORCS2, SERINC5, OSBPL3, CPA6, DLG2, MUC19, and RGMA, have been associated with both cognition and circulating lipids. We identified 22 unique SNPs for which individuals with the minor alleles benefit substantially from increased ω-3 fatty acid concentrations and 9 unique SNPs for which the common homozygote benefits. CONCLUSIONS In this GWIS of ω-3 PUFA species on cognitive outcomes, we identified 8 unique genes with plausible biology suggesting individuals with specific polymorphisms may have greater potential to benefit from increased ω-3 PUFA intake. Additional replication in prospective settings with more diverse samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen E Annevelink
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jason Westra
- Fatty Acid Research Institute (FARI), Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Fatty Acid Research Institute (FARI), Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute (FARI), Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute (FARI), Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
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Cabrita ARJ, Maia MRG, Alves AP, Aires T, Rosa A, Almeida A, Martins R, Fonseca AJM. Protein hydrolysate and oil from fish waste reveal potential as dog food ingredients. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1372023. [PMID: 38711535 PMCID: PMC11071340 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1372023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The increased fish consumption by the growing human population in the world translates into an increase in fish waste. The reintroduction of these fish by-products into food and feed chains presents economic benefits and contributes to counteracting their negative environmental impact. Under this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of fish hydrolysate and oil obtained from fish waste (experimental diet) in substitution of shrimp hydrolysate and salmon oil (control diet) mainly imported from third countries on palatability, apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics and metabolites, blood fatty acid profile, flatulence, and coat quality of adult dogs. A two-bowl test was performed to evaluate palatability by the pairwise comparison between the two diets. A feeding trial was conducted according to a crossover design with two diets (control and experimental diets), six adult Beagle dogs per diet, and two periods of 6 weeks each. The replacement of shrimp hydrolysate and salmon oil with fish hydrolysate and oil did not affect the first diet approach and taste, as well as the intake ratio. Generally, the digestibility of dry matter, nutrients, and energy was not affected by diet, but the intake of digestible crude protein (CP) and ether extract was higher, respectively, with the control and the experimental diet. The higher intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid with the experimental diet was reflected in a higher content of these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the omega-3 index of red blood cells, but it did not affect coat quality. The significantly higher intake of digestible CP with the control diet might have contributed to the higher fecal ammonia-N and valerate concentrations. Daily fecal output and characteristics were similar between diets. Overall, results suggest that fish hydrolysate and oil from the agrifood industry might constitute sustainable functional ingredients for dog feeding while adding value for wild fisheries, aquaculture, and fish farming under a circular economy approach and reducing dependence on imports from third countries with a high carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. J. Cabrita
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida R. G. Maia
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Alves
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Aires
- SORGAL, Sociedade de Óleos e Rações, S.A., Lugar da Pardala, S. João Ovar, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa
- SEBOL, Comércio e Indústria de Sebo, S.A., Santo Antão do Tojal, Portugal
| | - André Almeida
- Indústria Transformadora de Subprodutos, S.A., Herdade da Palmeira—Olheiros do Meio—São José da Lamarosa Agolada Coruche, Coruche, Portugal
| | - Rui Martins
- Indústria Transformadora de Subprodutos, S.A., Herdade da Palmeira—Olheiros do Meio—São José da Lamarosa Agolada Coruche, Coruche, Portugal
| | - António J. M. Fonseca
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Marrugat G, Cano A, Amézaga J, Arranz S, Embade N, Millet Ó, Ferreri C, Tueros I. Effect of age and dietary habits on Red Blood Cell membrane fatty acids in a Southern Europe population (Basque Country). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 200:102602. [PMID: 38147804 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The levels of blood eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are very variable and, in general, low in most of the world population. In this study, the effects of age, sex, COVID-19, and dietary habits on the lipid profile of the erythrocyte membranes were assessed in a sub-cohort of healthy population (N = 203) from a large cohort of individuals from the Basque Country, Spain, (AKRIBEA). Sex did not have an effect on RBC lipid profile. COVID-19 infected participants showed higher levels of DGLA. Oldest participants showed higher oleic acid, EPA and DHA levels. Arachidonic acid in RBC correlated positively with the intake of sunflower oil, butter, eggs, processed and red meat, whereas DHA and EPA correlated positively with oily and lean fish. Basque Country population showed lipid profiles similar to other high fish consuming countries, such as Italy and Japan. Baseline levels of the whole lipidomic profile of the RBC including SFA, MUFA and PUFA should be examined to obtain a better description of the health and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Marrugat
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Ainara Cano
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Javier Amézaga
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Nieves Embade
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Óscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Instituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Itziar Tueros
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain.
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8
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O’Keefe JH, Tintle NL, Harris WS, O’Keefe EL, Sala-Vila A, Attia J, Garg GM, Hure A, Bork CS, Schmidt EB, Venø SK, Chien KL, Chen YY(A, Egert S, Feldreich TR, Ärnlöv J, Lind L, Forouhi NG, Geleijnse JM, Pertiwi K, Imamura F, de Mello Laaksonen V, Uusitupa WM, Tuomilehto J, Laakso M, Lankinen MA, Laurin D, Carmichael PH, Lindsay J, Leander K, Laguzzi F, Swenson BR, Longstreth WT, Manson JE, Mora S, Cook NR, Marklund M, van Lent DM, Murphy R, Gudnason V, Ninomiya T, Hirakawa Y, Qian F, Sun Q, Hu F, Ardisson Korat AV, Risérus U, Lázaro I, Samieri C, Le Goff M, Helmer C, Steur M, Voortman T, Ikram MK, Tanaka T, Das JK, Ferrucci L, Bandinelli S, Tsai M, Guan W, Garg P, Verschuren WMM, Boer JMA, Biokstra A, Virtanen J, Wagner M, Westra J, Albuisson L, Yamagishi K, Siscovick DS, Lemaitre RN, Mozaffarian D. Omega-3 Blood Levels and Stroke Risk: A Pooled and Harmonized Analysis of 183 291 Participants From 29 Prospective Studies. Stroke 2024; 55:50-58. [PMID: 38134264 PMCID: PMC10840378 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of marine omega-3 PUFAs on risk of stroke remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the associations between circulating and tissue omega-3 PUFA levels and incident stroke (total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic) in 29 international prospective cohorts. Each site conducted a de novo individual-level analysis using a prespecified analytical protocol with defined exposures, covariates, analytical methods, and outcomes; the harmonized data from the studies were then centrally pooled. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs across omega-3 PUFA quintiles were computed for each stroke outcome. RESULTS Among 183 291 study participants, there were 10 561 total strokes, 8220 ischemic strokes, and 1142 hemorrhagic strokes recorded over a median of 14.3 years follow-up. For eicosapentaenoic acid, comparing quintile 5 (Q5, highest) with quintile 1 (Q1, lowest), total stroke incidence was 17% lower (HR, 0.83 [CI, 0.76-0.91]; P<0.0001), and ischemic stroke was 18% lower (HR, 0.82 [CI, 0.74-0.91]; P<0.0001). For docosahexaenoic acid, comparing Q5 with Q1, there was a 12% lower incidence of total stroke (HR, 0.88 [CI, 0.81-0.96]; P=0.0001) and a 14% lower incidence of ischemic stroke (HR, 0.86 [CI, 0.78-0.95]; P=0.0001). Neither eicosapentaenoic acid nor docosahexaenoic acid was associated with a risk for hemorrhagic stroke. These associations were not modified by either baseline history of AF or prevalent CVD. CONCLUSIONS Higher omega-3 PUFA levels are associated with lower risks of total and ischemic stroke but have no association with hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H O’Keefe
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD
- University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Evan L O’Keefe
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Attia
- The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, Australia
| | - G Manohar Garg
- The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Alexis Hure
- The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Erik Berg Schmidt
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Krogh Venø
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yu (Amelia) Chen
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Egert
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Nutritional Physiology, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences & Society, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kamalita Pertiwi
- Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vanessa de Mello Laaksonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - W Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Anneli Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Danielle Laurin
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval and VITAM Research Centers, Centre d’Excellence sur le Vieillissement de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval and VITAM Research Centers, Centre d’Excellence sur le Vieillissement de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Joan Lindsay
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karin Leander
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brenton R Swenson
- University of Washington, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Seattle, WA
| | - William T Longstreth
- University of Washington, Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Seattle, WA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samia Mora
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matti Marklund
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW Australia; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland: and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- University of Texas, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX
| | - Rachel Murphy
- University of British Columbia, Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Toshihara Ninomiya
- Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Center for Cohort Studies, Fukouka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Center for Cohort Studies, Fukouka, Japan
| | - Frank Qian
- Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Beth Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Frank Hu
- Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ulf Risérus
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Samieri
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélanie Le Goff
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marinka Steur
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- National Institute of Health, National Institute on Aging, Longitudinal Studies Section, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute of Health, National Institute on Aging, Longitudinal Studies Section, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Michael Tsai
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Weihua Guan
- University of Minnesota, Division of Biostatistics, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Parveen Garg
- University of Southern California, Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Los Angeles, CA
| | - WM Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care and Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda MA Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Biokstra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jyrki Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael Wagner
- University Hospital, Depts of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- University of Tsukubu, Department of Public Health Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - David S Siscovick
- New York Academy of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, New York, New York
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9
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Lechner K, Bock M, von Schacky C, Scherr J, Lorenz E, Lechner B, Haller B, Krannich A, Halle M, Wachter R, Duvinage A, Edelmann F. Trans-fatty acid blood levels of industrial but not natural origin are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with HFpEF: a secondary analysis of the Aldo-DHF trial. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112:1541-1554. [PMID: 36640187 PMCID: PMC10584704 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-022-02143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrially processed trans-fatty acids (IP-TFA) have been linked to altered lipoprotein metabolism, inflammation and increased NT-proBNP. In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), associations of TFA blood levels with patient characteristics are unknown. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the Aldo-DHF-RCT. From 422 patients, individual blood TFA were analyzed at baseline in n = 404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index® methodology. Patient characteristics were: 67 ± 8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87/13%), ejection fraction ≥ 50%, E/e' 7.1 ± 1.5; NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82-298). A principal component analysis was conducted but not used for further analysis as cumulative variance for the first two PCs was low. Spearman's correlation coefficients as well as linear regression analyses, using sex and age as covariates, were used to describe associations of whole blood TFA with metabolic phenotype, functional capacity, echocardiographic markers for LVDF and neurohumoral activation at baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS Blood levels of the naturally occurring TFA C16:1n-7t were inversely associated with dyslipidemia, body mass index/truncal adiposity, surrogate markers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammation at baseline/12 months. Conversely, IP-TFA C18:1n9t, C18:2n6tt and C18:2n6tc were positively associated with dyslipidemia and isomer C18:2n6ct with dysglycemia. C18:2n6tt and C18:2n6ct were inversely associated with submaximal aerobic capacity at baseline/12 months. No significant association was found between TFA and cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS In HFpEF patients, higher blood levels of IP-TFA, but not naturally occurring TFA, were associated with dyslipidemia, dysglycemia and lower functional capacity. Blood TFAs, in particular C16:1n-7t, warrant further investigation as prognostic markers in HFpEF. Higher blood levels of industrially processed TFA, but not of the naturally occurring TFA C16:1n-7t, are associated with a higher risk cardiometabolic phenotype and prognostic of lower aerobic capacity in patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lechner
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Bock
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Scherr
- University Center for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elke Lorenz
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lechner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Halle
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Duvinage
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Yang C, Veenstra J, Bartz TM, Pahl MC, Hallmark B, Chen YDI, Westra J, Steffen LM, Brown CD, Siscovick D, Tsai MY, Wood AC, Rich SS, Smith CE, O'Connor TD, Mozaffarian D, Grant SFA, Chilton FH, Tintle NL, Lemaitre RN, Manichaikul A. Genome-wide association studies and fine-mapping identify genomic loci for n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Hispanic American and African American cohorts. Commun Biol 2023; 6:852. [PMID: 37587153 PMCID: PMC10432561 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in human health. Prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in European Americans from the CHARGE Consortium have documented strong genetic signals in/near the FADS locus on chromosome 11. We performed a GWAS of four n-3 and four n-6 PUFAs in Hispanic American (n = 1454) and African American (n = 2278) participants from three CHARGE cohorts. Applying a genome-wide significance threshold of P < 5 × 10-8, we confirmed association of the FADS signal and found evidence of two additional signals (in DAGLA and BEST1) within 200 kb of the originally reported FADS signal. Outside of the FADS region, we identified novel signals for arachidonic acid (AA) in Hispanic Americans located in/near genes including TMX2, SLC29A2, ANKRD13D and POLD4, and spanning a > 9 Mb region on chromosome 11 (57.5 Mb ~ 67.1 Mb). Among these novel signals, we found associations unique to Hispanic Americans, including rs28364240, a POLD4 missense variant for AA that is common in CHARGE Hispanic Americans but absent in other race/ancestry groups. Our study sheds light on the genetics of PUFAs and the value of investigating complex trait genetics across diverse ancestry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Yang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jenna Veenstra
- Departments of Biology and Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Hallmark
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jason Westra
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Connor
- Institute for Genome Sciences; Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Tufts School of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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11
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Harris WS, Tintle NL, Sathyanarayanan SP, Westra J. Association between blood N-3 fatty acid levels and the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 in the UK Biobank. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:357-363. [PMID: 36863828 PMCID: PMC9972865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of nutritional status and the risk of contracting and/or experiencing adverse outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are unclear. Preliminary studies suggest that higher n-3 PUFA intakes are protective. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the risk of 3 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes (testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, hospitalization, and death) as a function of the baseline plasma DHA levels. METHODS The DHA levels (% of total fatty acids [FAs]) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. The 3 outcomes and relevant covariates were available for 110,584 subjects (hospitalization and death) and for 26,595 ever-tested subjects (positive for SARS-CoV-2) in the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Outcome data between 1 January, 2020, and 23 March, 2021, were included. The Omega-3 Index (O3I) (RBC EPA + DHA%) values across DHA% quintiles were estimated. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were constructed, and linear (per 1 SD) relations with the risk of each outcome were computed as HRs. RESULTS In the fully adjusted models, comparing the fifth to the first DHA% quintiles, the HRs (95% confidence intervals) for testing positive, being hospitalized, and dying with COVID-19 were 0.79 (0.71, 0.89, P < 0.001), 0.74 (0.58, 0.94, P < 0.05), and 1.04 (0.69-1.57, not significant), respectively. On a per 1-SD increase in DHA% basis, the HRs for testing positive, hospitalization, and death, were 0.92 (0.89, 0.96, P < 0.001), 0.89 (0.83, 0.97, P < 0.01), and 0.95 (0.83, 1.09), respectively. The estimated O3I values across DHA quintiles ranged from 3.5% (quintile 1) to 8% (quintile 5). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that nutritional strategies to increase the circulating n-3 PUFA levels, such as increased consumption of oily fish and/or use of n-3 FA supplements, may reduce the risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jason Westra
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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12
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Freedman SD, Zaworski K, Pierzynowska K, Pierzynowski S, Gallotto R, Sathe M, Borowitz DS. Validation of an omega-3 substrate challenge absorption test as an indicator of global fat lipolysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284651. [PMID: 37155649 PMCID: PMC10166528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) quantifies fat that remains in stool after digestion and is not a direct measure of lipolysis. CFA has been used to assess treatment of pancreatic insufficiency but does not correlate with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy dose. We explored use of an omega-3 substrate absorption challenge test as a sensitive test of lipolysis and absorption. METHODS We studied a novel microbially-derived lipase (SNSP003) employing an established surgical model commonly used to study the uptake of macronutrients, the exocrine pancreatic insufficient pig. Pigs were fed a high-fat diet and given a standardized omega-3 substrate challenge to test the effect of lipolysis on its absorption. Blood was drawn at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours following the substrate challenge and was analyzed for omega-3 and total fat levels (c14:c24). SNSP003 was also compard to porcine pancrelipase. RESULTS The absorption of omega-3 fats was significantly increased following administration of 40, 80 and 120 mg SNSP003 lipase by 51% (p = 0.02), 89%, (p = 0.001) and 64% (p = 0.01), respectively, compared to that observed when no lipase was administered to the pigs, with Tmax at 4 hours. The two highest SNSP003 doses were compared to porcine pancrelipase and no significant differences were observed. Both doses increased plasma total fatty acids (141% for the 80 mg dose (p = 0.001) and 133% for the 120 mg dose (p = 0.006), compared to no lipase) and no significant differences were observed between the SNSP003 lipase doses and porcine pancrelipase. CONCLUSION The omega-3 substrate absorption challenge test differentiates among different doses of a novel microbially-derived lipase and correlates with global fat lipolysis and absorption in exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs. No significant differences were observed between the two highest novel lipase doses and porcine pancrelipase. Studies in humans should be designed to support the evidence presented here that suggests the omega-3 substrate absorption challenge test has advantages over the coefficient of fat absorption test to study lipase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Freedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kamil Zaworski
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Kateryna Pierzynowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Synspira Therapeutics, Inc., Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Stefan Pierzynowski
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Anara AB, Trelleborg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Gallotto
- Synspira Therapeutics, Inc., Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Meghana Sathe
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern/Children's Health, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Drucy S Borowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
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13
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Derivation of the Omega-3 Index from EPA and DHA Analysis of Dried Blood Spots from Dogs and Cats. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010013. [PMID: 36669014 PMCID: PMC9863621 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Omega-3 Index (O3I) is the red blood cell (RBC) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content expressed as a percentage of total RBC fatty acids. Although a validated biomarker of omega-3 status in humans, little is known about the O3I status of dogs and cats; species in which omega-3 fatty acids have known health benefits. The purpose of this study was to develop equations to predict the O3I in these species from a dried blood spot (DBS) analysis. Random blood samples from 33 dogs and 10 cats were obtained from a community veterinary clinic. DBS and RBC samples were analyzed for fatty acid composition. For both species, the R2 between the DBS EPA + DHA value and the O3I was >0.96 (p < 0.001). The O3I was roughly 75% lower in dogs and cats than in humans. We conclude that the O3I can be estimated from a DBS sample, and the convenience of DBS collection should facilitate omega-3 research in these companion animals.
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14
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Satizabal CL, Himali JJ, Beiser AS, Ramachandran V, Melo van Lent D, Himali D, Aparicio HJ, Maillard P, DeCarli CS, Harris WS, Seshadri S. Association of Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acids With MRI Markers and Cognitive Function in Midlife: The Framingham Heart Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e2572-e2582. [PMID: 36198518 PMCID: PMC9754651 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diet may be a key contributor to brain health in midlife. In particular, omega-3 fatty acids have been related to better neurologic outcomes in older adults. However, studies focusing on midlife are lacking. We investigated the cross-sectional association of red blood cell (RBC) omega-3 fatty acid concentrations with MRI and cognitive markers of brain aging in a community-based sample of predominantly middle-aged adults and further explore effect modification by APOE genotype. METHODS We included participants from the Third-Generation and Omni 2 cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study attending their second examination. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations were measured from RBC using gas chromatography, and the Omega-3 index was calculated as EPA + DHA. We used linear regression models to relate omega-3 fatty acid concentrations to brain MRI measures (i.e., total brain, total gray matter, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensity volumes) and cognitive function (i.e., episodic memory, processing speed, executive function, and abstract reasoning) adjusting for potential confounders. We further tested for interactions between omega-3 fatty acid levels and APOE genotype (e4 carrier vs noncarrier) on MRI and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS We included 2,183 dementia-free and stroke-free participants (mean age of 46 years, 53% women, 22% APOE-e4 carriers). In multivariable models, higher Omega-3 index was associated with larger hippocampal volumes (standard deviation unit beta ±standard error; 0.003 ± 0.001, p = 0.013) and better abstract reasoning (0.17 ± 0.07, p = 0.013). Similar results were obtained for DHA or EPA concentrations individually. Stratification by APOE-e4 status showed associations between higher DHA concentrations or Omega-3 index and larger hippocampal volumes in APOE-e4 noncarriers, whereas higher EPA concentrations were related to better abstract reasoning in APOE-e4 carriers. Finally, higher levels of all omega-3 predictors were related to lower white matter hyperintensity burden but only in APOE-e4 carriers. DISCUSSION Our results, albeit exploratory, suggest that higher omega-3 fatty acid concentrations are related to better brain structure and cognitive function in a predominantly middle-aged cohort free of clinical dementia. These associations differed by APOE genotype, suggesting potentially different metabolic patterns by APOE status. Additional studies in middle-aged populations are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L Satizabal
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD.
| | - Jayandra Jung Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Vasan Ramachandran
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Dibya Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Hugo J Aparicio
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Pauline Maillard
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - William S Harris
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
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15
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Association between Omega-3 Index and Hyperglycemia Depending on Body Mass Index among Adults in the United States. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204407. [PMID: 36297090 PMCID: PMC9611386 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is inconsistency regarding the association between long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the Omega-3 Index (erythrocyte EPA + DHA) and glycemic status as a function of body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional data from routine clinical laboratory testing with a total of 100,572 people aged over 18 years and BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 were included. Of the patients, 10% were hyperglycemic (fasting plasma glucose levels ≥ 126 mg/dL) and 24.7% were of normal weight, 35.0% were overweight, and 40.3% were obese. Odds ratios (ORs) of being hyperglycemic were inversely associated with the Omega-3 Index, but weakened as BMI increased. Thus, ORs (95% CI) comparing quintile 5 with quintile 1 were 0.54 (0.44-0.66) in the normal weight group, 0.70 (0.61-0.79) in the overweight group, and 0.74 (0.67-0.81) in the obese group. Similar patterns were seen for EPA and DHA separately. The present study suggested that a low Omega-3 Index is associated with a greater risk of disordered glucose metabolism and this is independent of BMI.
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16
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Sala-Vila A, Satizabal CL, Tintle N, Melo van Lent D, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Seshadri S, Harris WS. Red Blood Cell DHA Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Alzheimer's Disease and All-Cause Dementia: Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:2408. [PMID: 35745137 PMCID: PMC9228504 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might help prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Red blood cell (RBC) status of DHA is an objective measure of long-term dietary DHA intake. In this prospective observational study conducted within the Framingham Offspring Cohort (1490 dementia-free participants aged ≥65 years old), we examined the association of RBC DHA with incident AD, testing for an interaction with APOE-ε4 carriership. During the follow-up (median, 7.2 years), 131 cases of AD were documented. In fully adjusted models, risk for incident AD in the highest RBC DHA quintile (Q5) was 49% lower compared with the lowest quintile (Q1) (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27, 0.96). An increase in RBC DHA from Q1 to Q5 was predicted to provide an estimated 4.7 additional years of life free of AD. We observed an interaction DHA × APOE-ε4 carriership for AD. Borderline statistical significance for a lower risk of AD was observed per standard deviation increase in RBC DHA (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.00, p = 0.053) in APOE-ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.11, p = 0.240). These findings add to the increasing body of literature suggesting a robust association worth exploring dietary DHA as one strategy to prevent or delay AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Sala-Vila
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Department of Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Alexa S. Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - William S. Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
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17
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Klatt KC, McDougall MQ, Malysheva OV, Taesuwan S, Loinard-González A(AP, Nevins JEH, Beckman K, Bhawal R, Anderson E, Zhang S, Bender E, Jackson KH, King DJ, Dyer RA, Devapatla S, Vidavalur R, Brenna JT, Caudill MA. Prenatal choline supplementation improves biomarkers of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status among pregnant participants consuming supplemental DHA: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:820-832. [PMID: 35575618 PMCID: PMC9437984 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary methyl donors (e.g., choline) support the activity of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway, which generates phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules enriched in DHA that are exported from the liver and made available to extrahepatic tissues. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of prenatal choline supplementation on biomarkers of DHA status among pregnant participants consuming supplemental DHA. METHODS Pregnant participants (n = 30) were randomly assigned to receive supplemental choline intakes of 550 mg/d [500 mg/d d0-choline + 50 mg/d deuterium-labeled choline (d9-choline); intervention] or 25 mg/d (25 mg/d d9-choline; control) from gestational week (GW) 12-16 until delivery. All participants received a daily 200-mg DHA supplement and consumed self-selected diets. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline, GW 20-24, and GW 28-32; maternal/cord blood was obtained at delivery. Mixed-effects linear models were used to assess the impact of prenatal choline supplementation on maternal and newborn DHA status. RESULTS Choline supplementation (550 vs. 25 mg/d) did not achieve a statistically significant intervention × time interaction for RBC PC-DHA (P = 0.11); a significant interaction was observed for plasma PC-DHA and RBC total DHA, with choline supplementation yielding higher levels (+32-38% and +8-11%, respectively) at GW 28-32 (P < 0.05) and delivery (P < 0.005). A main effect of choline supplementation on plasma total DHA was also observed (P = 0.018); its interaction with time was not significant (P = 0.068). Compared with controls, the intervention group exhibited higher (P = 0.007; main effect) plasma enrichment of d3-PC (d3-PC/total PC). Moreover, the ratio of d3-PC to d9-PC was higher (+50-67%; P < 0.001) in the choline intervention arm (vs. control) at GW 20-24, GW 28-32, and delivery. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal choline supplementation improves hepatic DHA export and biomarkers of DHA status by bolstering methyl group supply for PEMT activity among pregnant participants consuming supplemental DHA. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03194659.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Siraphat Taesuwan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Julie E H Nevins
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kara Beckman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erica Bender
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - D Janette King
- The Analytical Core for Metabolomics and Nutrition, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roger A Dyer
- The Analytical Core for Metabolomics and Nutrition, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - J Thomas Brenna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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18
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Jackson KH, Harris WS. Harmonizing blood DHA levels in pregnancy studies: An interlaboratory investigation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 179:102417. [PMID: 35390621 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent trials in pregnant women on the effects of supplemental DHA on early preterm birth (ePTB) risk have shown that there is a maternal blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level below which risk for ePTB was increased and supplemental DHA was effective at reducing risk. However, DHA levels were expressed in different terms across these trials making cross study comparisons impossible. The purposes of this study were 1) to report interlaboratory conversion factors from study-specific metrics to a common metric, red blood cell (RBC) DHA measured by OmegaQuant Analytics (OQA), and 2) to translate reported pre- and post-treatment DHA levels from these trials into a RBC DHA for comparison. Data from five published and one unpublished study are included. Across these studies, the effects on RBC DHA levels after supplementation with 0, 200, 600, 800 and 1000 mg of DHA were (as a% change from baseline): 0 mg, no change; 200 mg, 15-20% increase; 600 mg, 55-60% increase; 800 mg, 13-65% increase; and 1000 mg, 51% increase. Standardization of fatty acid analysis and reporting and a target omega-3 or DHA level for identifying those for which higher dose DHA supplementation is indicated to prevent ePTB are needed for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Harris Jackson
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, the Fatty Acid Research Institute; and Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105 United States of America.
| | - William S Harris
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, the Fatty Acid Research Institute; and Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105 United States of America
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19
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McBurney MI, Tintle NL, Harris WS. The omega-3 index is inversely associated with the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in adults'. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102397. [PMID: 35033882 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a biomarker of systemic inflammation and measures innate-adaptive immune system balance. The omega-3-index (O3I) measures the amount of EPA+DHA in blood. Both a low O3I and an elevated NLR are associated with increased risk for chronic disease and mortality, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Hypothesizing that low O3I may partly contribute to systemic chronic inflammation, we asked if a relationship existed between O3I and NLR in healthy adults (≥18 y, n = 28,871, 51% female) without inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) <3 mg/mL)] who underwent a routine clinical assessment. NLR was inversely associated with O3I before (p < 0.0001) and after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and CRP (p < 0.0001). Pearson correlations of other variables with NLR were r = 0.06 (CRP), r = 0.14 (age), and r = 0.01(BMI). In this healthy population, an O3I < 6.6% was associated with increasing NLR whereas NLR remained relatively constant (low) when O3I > 6.6%, suggestive of a quiescent, balanced immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I McBurney
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States of America; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Division of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America.
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States of America; Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois - Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States of America; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, United States of America
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20
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McBurney MI, Tintle NL, Harris WS. Omega-3 index is directly associated with a healthy red blood cell distribution width. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 176:102376. [PMID: 34839221 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Low red blood cell (RBC) membrane content of EPA and DHA, i.e., the omega-3 index (O3I), and elevated RBC distribution width (RDW) are risk factors for all-cause mortality. O3I and RDW are related with membrane fluidity and deformability. Our objective was to determine if there is a relationship between O3I and RDW in healthy adults. Subjects without inflammation or anemia, and with values for O3I, RDW, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), age and sex were identified (n = 25,485) from a clinical laboratory dataset of > 45,000 individuals. RDW was inversely associated with O3I in both sexes before and after (both p < 0.00001) adjusting models for sex, age, BMI and CRP. Stratification by sex revealed a sex-O3I interaction with the RDW-O3I slope (p < 0.00066) being especially steep in females with O3I ≤ 5.6%. In healthy adults of both sexes, the data suggested that an O3I of > 5.6% may help maintain normal RBC structural and functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I McBurney
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States of America; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Division of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America.
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States of America; Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois - Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States of America; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, United States of America
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21
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Chang WL, Azlan A, Noor SM, Ismail IZ, Loh SP. Short-Term Intake of Yellowstripe Scad versus Salmon Did Not Induce Similar Effects on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers among Healthy Overweight Adults despite Their Comparable EPA+DHA Content. Nutrients 2021; 13:3524. [PMID: 34684525 PMCID: PMC8539692 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellowstripe scad (YSS) have comparable eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) content to salmon. We aimed to compare the effects of YSS and salmon on lipid profile and inflammatory markers. A randomized crossover trial with two diet periods was conducted among healthy overweight (with BMI 23.0-27.4 kg/m2) Malaysian adults aged 21-55 years. Steamed whole YSS fish (≈385 g whole fish/day) or salmon fillets (≈246 g fillet/day) were given for eight weeks (3 days per week), retaining approximately 1000 mg EPA+DHA per day. Diets were switched after an 8-week washout period. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after each diet period. A total of 49 subjects participated in the intervention (35% male and 65% female; mean age 29 (7) years). YSS did not induce any significant changes in outcome measures. However, the consumption of salmon as compared with YSS was associated with reduction in triglycerides (between-group difference: -0.09 mmol/1, p = 0.01), VLDL-cholesterol (between-group difference: -0.04 mmol/1, p = 0.01), atherogenic index of plasma (between-group difference: -0.05 mmol/1, p = 0.006), and IL-6 (between-group difference: -0.01 pg/mL, p = 0.03). Despite their comparable EPA+DHA content, short-term consumption of salmon but not YSS induced significant changes in lipid profile and inflammatory markers. Larger clinical trials are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sabariah Md Noor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Irmi Zarina Ismail
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Su Peng Loh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.L.C.); (A.A.)
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo Kampus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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22
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McBurney MI, Tintle NL, Vasan RS, Sala-Vila A, Harris WS. Using an erythrocyte fatty acid fingerprint to predict risk of all-cause mortality: the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1447-1454. [PMID: 34134132 PMCID: PMC8488873 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RBC long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) percentages (of total fatty acids) are associated with lower risk for total mortality, but it is unknown if a suite of FAs could improve risk prediction. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare a combination of RBC FA levels with standard risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in predicting risk of all-cause mortality. METHODS Framingham Offspring Cohort participants without prevalent CVD having RBC FA measurements and relevant baseline clinical covariates (n = 2240) were evaluated during 11 y of follow-up. A forward, stepwise approach was used to systematically evaluate the association of 8 standard risk factors (age, sex, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, hypertension treatment, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and prevalent diabetes) and 28 FA metrics with all-cause mortality. A 10-fold cross-validation process was used to build and validate models adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Four of 28 FA metrics [14:0, 16:1n-7, 22:0, and omega-3 index (O3I; 20:5n-3 + 22:6n-3)] appeared in ≥5 of the discovery models as significant predictors of all-cause mortality. In age- and sex-adjusted models, a model with 4 FA metrics was at least as good at predicting all-cause mortality as a model including the remaining 6 standard risk factors (C-statistic: 0.778; 95% CI: 0.759, 0.797; compared with C-statistic: 0.777; 95% CI: 0.753, 0.802). A model with 4 FA metrics plus smoking and diabetes (FA + Sm + D) had a higher C-statistic (0.790; 95% CI: 0.770, 0.811) compared with the FA (P < 0.01) or Sm + D models alone (C-statistic: 0.766; 95% CI: 0.739, 0.794; P < 0.001). A variety of other highly correlated FAs could be substituted for 14:0, 16:1n-7, 22:0, or O3I with similar predicted outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In this community-based population in their mid-60s, RBC FA patterns were as predictive of risk for death during the next 11 y as standard risk factors. Replication is needed in other cohorts to validate this FA fingerprint as a predictor of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA,Department of Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | | | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William S Harris
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA,Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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23
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Block RC, Shearer GC, Holub A, Tu XM, Mousa S, Brenna JT, Harris WS, Tintle N. Aspirin and omega-3 fatty acid status interact in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Framingham Heart Study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 169:102283. [PMID: 33964664 PMCID: PMC8159885 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of omega-3 (n3) fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) are controversial. Since omega-3 (n3) fatty acids and aspirin affect cyclooxygenase activity in platelets, there could be a clinically-relevant effect of aspirin combined with a particular n3 fatty acid level present in each individual. METHODS RBC EPA+DHA, arachidonic acid (AA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were measured in 2500 participants without known CVD in the Framingham Heart Study. We then tested for interactions with reported aspirin use (1004 reported use and 1494 did not) on CVD outcomes. The median follow-up was 7.2 years. RESULTS Having RBC EPA+DHA in the second quintile (4.2-4.9% of total fatty acids) was associated with significantly reduced risk for future CVD events (relative to the first quintile, <4.2%) in those who did not take aspirin (HR 0.54 (0.30, 0.98)), but in those reporting aspirin use, risk was significantly increased (HR 2.16 (1.19, 3.92)) in this quintile. This interaction remained significant when adjusting for confounders. Significant interactions were also present for coronary heart disease and stroke outcomes using the same quintiles. Similar findings were present for EPA and DHA alone but not for DPA and AA. CONCLUSIONS There is a complex interaction between aspirin use and RBC EPA+DHA levels on CVD outcomes. This suggests that aspirin use may be beneficial in one omega-3 environment but harmful in another, implying that a personalized approach to both aspirin use and omega-3 supplementation may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States.
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ashley Holub
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Xin M Tu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Shaker Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Departments of Pediatrics, Human Nutrition, and Chemistry, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States
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24
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Blood n-3 fatty acid levels and total and cause-specific mortality from 17 prospective studies. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2329. [PMID: 33888689 PMCID: PMC8062567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The health effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been controversial. Here we report the results of a de novo pooled analysis conducted with data from 17 prospective cohort studies examining the associations between blood omega-3 fatty acid levels and risk for all-cause mortality. Over a median of 16 years of follow-up, 15,720 deaths occurred among 42,466 individuals. We found that, after multivariable adjustment for relevant risk factors, risk for death from all causes was significantly lower (by 15-18%, at least p < 0.003) in the highest vs the lowest quintile for circulating long chain (20-22 carbon) omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids). Similar relationships were seen for death from cardiovascular disease, cancer and other causes. No associations were seen with the 18-carbon omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid. These findings suggest that higher circulating levels of marine n-3 PUFA are associated with a lower risk of premature death.
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25
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Demonty I, Langlois K, Greene-Finestone LS, Zoka R, Nguyen L. Proportions of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes of Canadian adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012-2015. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:993-1008. [PMID: 33675340 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Omega-3 Index (OI) is a proposed marker of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Another index, the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio has also been proposed as a possible risk marker for CAD. OBJECTIVE Our primary objective was to characterize the Canadian population subgroups that have an undesirable OI (<4%, associated with high CAD risk) and to identify the participants' characteristics most strongly associated with the OI. Our secondary objective was to identify the characteristics most strongly associated with the EPA/AA ratio. DESIGN Data from 4025 adult participants of cycles 3 and 4 (2012-2015) of the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey were pooled. Adjusted mean proportions of erythrocyte membrane ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids, total ω-6 fatty acids, and ratios were analyzed by sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics using covariate-adjusted models. RESULTS The mean OI was 4.5%. Almost 40% of Canadians had an undesirable (<4%) OI. ω-3 supplement use, fish intake, and race were the variables most strongly associated with OI scores. The prevalence of undesirable OI was significantly higher among participants consuming fish less than twice a week (43.8%; 95% CI: 39.0%, 48.6%) than among those consuming more fish (12.7%; 95% CI: 7.8%, 19.9%), among smokers (62.7%; 95% CI: 52.9%, 71.7%) than nonsmokers (33.4%; 95% CI: 29.4%, 37.7%), in whites (42.7%; 95% CI: 38.2%, 47.4%) than in Asians (23.0%; 95% CI: 15.4%, 33.0%), and in adults aged 20-39 y (49.6%; 95% CI: 42.3%, 56.9%) than in those aged 60-79 y (24.4%; 95% CI: 21.0%, 28.1%). ω-3 supplement intake and fish intake were the characteristics most strongly associated with EPA/AA. All P ≤ 0.05. CONCLUSIONS An important proportion of Canadian adults has an undesirable (<4%) OI, with higher prevalence in some subgroups. Further assessment is required to determine the value and feasibility of an increase in the population's OI to the currently proposed target of ≥8% as a potential public health objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Demonty
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kellie Langlois
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rana Zoka
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Loan Nguyen
- Biostatistics and Modelling Division, Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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26
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Jackson KH, Klatt KC, Caudill MA, McDougall MQ, West AA, Perry CA, Malysheva OV, Harris WS. Baseline red blood cell and breast milk DHA levels affect responses to standard dose of DHA in lactating women on a controlled feeding diet. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 166:102248. [PMID: 33516092 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of providing the newborn infant with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from breast milk is well established. However, women in the United States, on average, have breast milk DHA levels of 0.20%, which is below the worldwide average (and proposed target) of >0.32%. Additionally, the relationship between maternal red blood cell (RBC) and breast milk DHA levels may provide insight into the sufficiency of DHA recommendations during lactation. Whether the standard recommendation of at least 200 mg/day of supplemental DHA during lactation is sufficient for most women to achieve a desirable RBC and breast milk DHA status is unknown. METHODS Lactating women (n = 27) at about 5 weeks postpartum were enrolled in a 10-12 week controlled feeding study that included randomization to 480 or 930 mg choline/d (diet plus supplementation). As part of the intervention, all participants were required to consume a 200 mg/d of microalgal DHA. RBC and breast milk DHA levels were measured by capillary gas chromatography in an exploratory analysis. RESULTS Median RBC DHA was 5.0% (95% CI: 4.3, 5.5) at baseline and 5.1% (4.6, 5.4) after 10 weeks of supplementation (P = 0.6). DHA as a percent of breast milk fatty acids increased from 0.19% (0.18, 0.33) to 0.34% (0.27, 0.38) after supplementation (P<0.05). The proportion of women meeting the target RBC DHA level of >5% was unchanged (52% at baseline and week 10). The proportion of women achieving a breast milk DHA level of >0.32% approximately doubled from 30% to 56% (p = 0.06). Baseline RBC and breast milk DHA levels affected their responses to supplementation. Those with baseline RBC and breast milk DHA levels above the median (5% and 0.19%, respectively) experienced no change or a slight decrease in levels, while those below the median had a significant increase. Choline supplementation did not significantly influence final RBC or breast milk DHA levels. CONCLUSIONS On average, the standard prenatal DHA dose of 200 mg/d did not increase RBC DHA but did increase breastmilk DHA over 10 weeks in a cohort of lactating women in a controlled-feeding study. Baseline DHA levels in RBC and breast milk affected the response to DHA supplementation, with lower levels being associated with a greater increase and higher levels with no change or a slight decrease. Additional larger, dose-response DHA trials accounting for usual intakes and baseline DHA status are needed to determine how to best achieve target breast milk DHA levels and to identify additional modifiers of the variable breast milk DHA response to maternal DHA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Harris Jackson
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC. Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA.
| | - Kevin C Klatt
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Allyson A West
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Cydne A Perry
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William S Harris
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA; Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
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Reiner MF, Baumgartner P, Wiencierz A, Coslovsky M, Bonetti NR, Filipovic MG, Montrasio G, Aeschbacher S, Rodondi N, Baretella O, Kühne M, Moschovitis G, Meyre P, Bonati LH, Lüscher TF, Camici GG, Osswald S, Conen D, Beer JH. The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Correlates Inversely with Ischemic Brain Infarcts in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Nutrients 2021; 13:651. [PMID: 33671288 PMCID: PMC7922349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces stroke in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Whether EPA affects stroke or cerebral small vessel dis-ease in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains uncertain. EPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were determined by gas chromatography in 1657 AF patients from the Swiss Atrial Fibrillation study. All patients underwent brain MRI to detect ischemic brain infarcts, classified as large noncortical or cortical infarcts (LNCCIs); markers of small vessel disease, classified as small noncortical infarcts (SNCIs), number of microbleeds, and white matter lesion (WML) volumes. Individual and total n-3 FAs (EPA + DHA + DPA + ALA) were correlated with LNCCIs and SNCIs using logistic regression, with numbers of microbleeds using a hurdle model, and WML volumes using linear regression. LNCCIs were detected in 372 patients (22.5%). EPA correlated inversely with the prevalence of LNCCIs (odds ratio [OR] 0.51 per increase of 1 percentage point EPA, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-0.90). DPA correlated with a higher LNCCI prevalence (OR 2.48, 95%CI 1.49-4.13). No associations with LNCCIs were found for DHA, ALA, and total n-3 FAs. Neither individual nor total n-3 FAs correlated with markers of small vessel disease. In conclusion, EPA correlates inversely with the prevalence of ischemic brain infarcts, but not with markers of small vessel disease in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F. Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland; (M.F.R.); (N.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Philipp Baumgartner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Andrea Wiencierz
- Clinical Trial Unit University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (A.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael Coslovsky
- Clinical Trial Unit University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (A.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Nicole R. Bonetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland; (M.F.R.); (N.R.B.); (G.M.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (T.F.L.); (G.G.C.)
| | - Mark G. Filipovic
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland;
| | - Giulia Montrasio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland; (M.F.R.); (N.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Stefanie Aeschbacher
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (S.A.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (S.O.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (N.R.); (O.B.)
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Baretella
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (N.R.); (O.B.)
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kühne
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (S.A.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (S.O.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Giorgio Moschovitis
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, 6900 Ticino, Switzerland;
| | - Pascal Meyre
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (S.A.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (S.O.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Leo H. Bonati
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas F. Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (T.F.L.); (G.G.C.)
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London SW3 6NP, UK
- Imperial College, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Giovanni G. Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (T.F.L.); (G.G.C.)
| | - Stefan Osswald
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (S.A.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (S.O.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - David Conen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jürg H. Beer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland; (M.F.R.); (N.R.B.); (G.M.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (T.F.L.); (G.G.C.)
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Farrell SW, DeFina LF, Tintle NL, Leonard D, Cooper KH, Barlow CE, Haskell WL, Pavlovic A, Harris WS. Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020384. [PMID: 33530576 PMCID: PMC7912448 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and prostate cancer (PC) remains unclear. Methods: We compared incident PC rates as a function of the Omega-3 Index [O3I, erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA + DHA)] in 5607 men (40–80 years of age) seen at the Cooper Clinic who were free of PC at baseline. The average follow-up was 5.1 ± 2.8 years until censoring or reporting a new PC diagnosis. Proportional hazards regression was used to model the linear association between baseline O3I and the age-adjusted time to diagnosis. A meta-analysis of n-3 PUFA biomarker-based studies and incident PC was updated with the present findings. Results: A total of 116 cases of incident PC were identified. When O3I was examined as a continuous variable, the age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) was 0.98 (0.89, 1.07; p = 0.25) for each 1% increment in the O3I. The updated meta-analysis with 10 biomarker-based studies found no significant relationship between EPA or DHA levels and risk for PC. Conclusions: We find no evidence in this study nor in a meta-analysis of similar studies that consuming n-3 PUFA-rich fish or using fish oil supplements affects the risk of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Farrell
- The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA; (S.W.F.); (L.F.D.); (D.L.); (C.E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura F. DeFina
- The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA; (S.W.F.); (L.F.D.); (D.L.); (C.E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Nathan L. Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA;
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA
| | - David Leonard
- The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA; (S.W.F.); (L.F.D.); (D.L.); (C.E.B.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Carolyn E. Barlow
- The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA; (S.W.F.); (L.F.D.); (D.L.); (C.E.B.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Andjelka Pavlovic
- The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA; (S.W.F.); (L.F.D.); (D.L.); (C.E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - William S. Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Correspondence:
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Farrell SW, DeFina LF, Tintle N, Barlow CE, Leonard D, Haskell WL, Berry JD, Willis BL, Pavlovic A, Harris WS. Higher omega-3 index is associated with more rapid heart rate recovery in healthy men and women. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 163:102206. [PMID: 33227647 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can favorably influence cardiac autonomic tone. However, data regarding n-3 PUFA status and heart rate recovery (HRR) in healthy adults are sparse. PURPOSE To examine the association between n-3 PUFA status and HRR. METHODS Participants included 13,912 patients who underwent a comprehensive examination at the Cooper Clinic, Dallas TX. Fitness was determined from a maximal exercise test. HRR was calculated by subtracting the heart rate at 1, 3, and 5 min of an active recovery period from the maximal heart rate. Participants were categorized as having a low (<4%), normal (4-8%) or optimal (>8%) Omega-3 Index (O3I) (i.e., erythrocyte levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids). Multiple linear regression was used to model the association between O3I and HRR adjusting for age, maximal METs, body mass index, and smoking by sex. RESULTS Higher categories of O3I were associated with greater HRR at 1 min (men: 23.7, 23.9, 24.6 beats/min; women: 23.9, 24.6, 25.9 and 3 min (men: 52.4, 52.9, 53.6 beats/min; women: 51.9, 53.4, 54.6), p trend <0.01 for all. Corresponding HRR at 5 min were (men: 60.0, 60.2, 60.7 beats/min, p trend=0.09; women: 59.4, 60.8, 61.6, p trend <0.001). The HRR gradients across O3I categories were steeper in women than men at 1, 3, and 5 min (p<0.03 for all sex x O3I category interactions with HRR). CONCLUSIONS A direct relationship between HRR and O3I values was observed in both men and women, with a steeper gradient in women. These findings suggest a potential cardioprotective mechanism for n-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Mathematics & Statistics; Dordt University; Sioux Center; IA
| | | | | | - William L Haskell
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA United States
| | - Jarett D Berry
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX United States
| | | | | | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD; and Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
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Marin-Alejandre BA, Abete I, Monreal JI, Elorz M, Benito-Boillos A, Herrero JI, Navarro-Blasco I, Tur JA, Bandarra NM, Zulet MA, Martinez JA. Effects of a 6-month dietary-induced weight loss on erythrocyte membrane omega-3 fatty acids and hepatic status of subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Fatty Liver in Obesity study. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:837-849.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Demler OV, Liu Y, Luttmann-Gibson H, Watrous JD, Lagerborg KA, Dashti H, Giulianini F, Heath M, Camargo CA, Harris WS, Wohlgemuth JG, Andres AM, Tivari S, Long T, Najhawan M, Dao K, Prentice JG, Larsen JA, Okereke OI, Costenbader KH, Buring JE, Manson JE, Cheng S, Jain M, Mora S. One-Year Effects of Omega-3 Treatment on Fatty Acids, Oxylipins, and Related Bioactive Lipids and Their Associations with Clinical Lipid and Inflammatory Biomarkers: Findings from a Substudy of the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL). Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110431. [PMID: 33120862 PMCID: PMC7693376 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) treatment may lower cardiovascular risk, yet its effects on the circulating lipidome and relation to cardiovascular risk biomarkers are unclear. We hypothesized that n-3 treatment is associated with favorable changes in downstream fatty acids (FAs), oxylipins, bioactive lipids, clinical lipid and inflammatory biomarkers. We examined these VITAL200, a nested substudy of 200 subjects balanced on demographics and treatment and randomly selected from the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL). VITAL is a randomized double-blind trial of 840 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) vs. placebo among 25,871 individuals. Small polar bioactive lipid features, oxylipins and FAs from plasma and red blood cells were measured using three independent assaying techniques at baseline and one year. The Women's Health Study (WHS) was used for replication with dietary n-3 intake. Randomized n-3 treatment led to changes in 143 FAs, oxylipins and bioactive lipids (False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05 in VITAL200, validated (p-values < 0.05)) in WHS with increases in 95 including EPA, DHA, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA-n3), and decreases in 48 including DPA-n6, dihomo gamma linolenic (DGLA), adrenic and arachidonic acids. N-3 related changes in the bioactive lipidome were heterogeneously associated with changes in clinical lipid and inflammatory biomarkers. N-3 treatment significantly modulates the bioactive lipidome, which may contribute to its clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Demler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.-G.); (H.D.); (F.G.); (J.E.B.); (J.E.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.-G.); (H.D.); (F.G.); (J.E.B.); (J.E.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Heike Luttmann-Gibson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.-G.); (H.D.); (F.G.); (J.E.B.); (J.E.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.C.J.); (O.I.O.)
| | - Jeramie D. Watrous
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.D.W.); (K.A.L.); (A.M.A.); (S.T.); (T.L.); (M.N.); (K.D.); (M.J.)
| | - Kim A. Lagerborg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.D.W.); (K.A.L.); (A.M.A.); (S.T.); (T.L.); (M.N.); (K.D.); (M.J.)
| | - Hesam Dashti
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.-G.); (H.D.); (F.G.); (J.E.B.); (J.E.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.-G.); (H.D.); (F.G.); (J.E.B.); (J.E.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Mallory Heath
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.C.J.); (O.I.O.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Jay G. Wohlgemuth
- Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92673, USA; (J.G.W.); (J.G.P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Allen M. Andres
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.D.W.); (K.A.L.); (A.M.A.); (S.T.); (T.L.); (M.N.); (K.D.); (M.J.)
| | - Saumya Tivari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.D.W.); (K.A.L.); (A.M.A.); (S.T.); (T.L.); (M.N.); (K.D.); (M.J.)
| | - Tao Long
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.D.W.); (K.A.L.); (A.M.A.); (S.T.); (T.L.); (M.N.); (K.D.); (M.J.)
| | - Mahan Najhawan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.D.W.); (K.A.L.); (A.M.A.); (S.T.); (T.L.); (M.N.); (K.D.); (M.J.)
| | - Khoi Dao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.D.W.); (K.A.L.); (A.M.A.); (S.T.); (T.L.); (M.N.); (K.D.); (M.J.)
| | - James G. Prentice
- Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92673, USA; (J.G.W.); (J.G.P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Julia A. Larsen
- Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92673, USA; (J.G.W.); (J.G.P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Olivia I. Okereke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.C.J.); (O.I.O.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Karen H. Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.-G.); (H.D.); (F.G.); (J.E.B.); (J.E.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.C.J.); (O.I.O.)
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.-G.); (H.D.); (F.G.); (J.E.B.); (J.E.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.A.C.J.); (O.I.O.)
| | - Susan Cheng
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.D.W.); (K.A.L.); (A.M.A.); (S.T.); (T.L.); (M.N.); (K.D.); (M.J.)
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.L.); (H.L.-G.); (H.D.); (F.G.); (J.E.B.); (J.E.M.); (S.M.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Higher Omega-3 Index Is Associated with Better Asthma Control and Lower Medication Dose: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010074. [PMID: 31892115 PMCID: PMC7019867 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, associated with systemic inflammation. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have established anti-inflammatory effects, thus having potential as an adjunct therapy in asthma. This study aimed to compare erythrocyte n-3 PUFA in adults with (n = 255) and without (n = 137) asthma and determine the relationship between erythrocyte n-3 PUFA and clinical asthma outcomes. Subjects had blood collected, lung function measured and Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score calculated. Fatty acids were measured in erythrocyte membranes by gas chromatography, and the omega-3 index (O3I) was calculated (% eicosapentaenoic acid + % docosahexaenoic acid). O3I was similar in subjects with and without asthma (p = 0.089). A higher O3I was observed in subjects with controlled or partially controlled asthma (ACQ < 1.5) compared to subjects with uncontrolled asthma (ACQ ≥ 1.5) (6.0% (5.4–7.2) versus 5.6% (4.6–6.4) p = 0.033). Subjects with a high O3I (≥8%) had a lower maintenance dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared to those with a low O3I (<8%) (1000 μg (400–1000) versus 1000 μg (500–2000) p = 0.019). This study demonstrates that a higher O3I is associated with better asthma control and with lower ICS dose, suggesting that a higher erythrocyte n-3 PUFA level may have a role in asthma management.
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Eighteen‑carbon trans fatty acids and inflammation in the context of atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:101009. [PMID: 31669459 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a pro-inflammatory state characterized by chronic activation of the endothelium, which leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intake of trans fatty acids (TFAs) is associated with an increased risk of CVD. This risk is usually associated with industrial TFAs (iTFAs) rather than ruminant TFAs (rTFAs); however it is not clear how specific TFA isomers differ in their biological activity and mechanisms of action with regard to inflammation. Here we review the literature on 18‑carbon TFAs, including the research associating their intake or levels with CVD and studies relating 18‑carbon TFA exposure to modulation of inflammatory processes. The evidence associating iTFAs with CVD risk factors is fairly consistent and studies in humans usually show a relation between iTFAs and higher levels of inflammatory markers. In contrast, studies in humans, animals and in vitro suggest that rTFAs have null or mildly beneficial effects in cardiovascular health, metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers, although the evidence is not always consistent. More studies are needed to better identify the beneficial and detrimental effects of the different TFAs, including those with 18 carbons.
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Parallel declines in erythrocyte trans fatty acids and US fatal ischemic heart disease rates. Nutr Res 2019; 71:111-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Association of breast milk gamma-linolenic acid with infant anthropometric outcomes in urban, low-income Bangladeshi families: a prospective, birth cohort study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:698-707. [PMID: 31501475 PMCID: PMC7214250 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Infant linear-growth faltering remains a major public health issue in low- and middle-income countries and suboptimal breast milk composition may be a local, population-specific risk factor. The relationship between early post-natal breast milk fatty acid (FA) composition and infant growth at 1 and 2 years of age was investigated prospectively in 563 families in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Subjects/Methods A maternal breast milk sample drawn before infant age 6 weeks was analyzed for percentage composition of 26 FAs, and infant length for age Z score (LAZ) was measured longitudinally to infant age 2 years. Individual FAs were tested as predictors of the infant growth outcomes. Results Of 26 tested FAs, %gamma-linolenic acid (%GLA) was mostly significantly associated with increase in LAZ from 6 to 52 weeks (ΔLAZ(52−6w)), and also to 104 weeks. The association was consistent over all breast milk stages with estimated effect size of +0.05 ΔLAZ(52−6w) per 20% change in %GLA (p value = 3 × 10−6), and stronger for ΔLAZ(104−6w) at +0.06 (p value = 8 × 10−7), explaining 1% of the outcome variance. Infant serum zinc measurements at 6 and 18 weeks of age were included in adjusted analyses, suggesting at least partial independence of infant zinc levels. The association was strongest in 417/563 (74.1%) families with %GLA <0.2%. Breast milk arachidonic acid fraction was within normal range with weaker evidence of association in early breast milk stages. Conclusions This study found that %GLA in breast milk was independently associated with infant linear growth, albeit with small effect size, in a predominantly slum-dwelling, low-income, Bangladeshi cohort.
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Khaltaev N, Axelrod S. Chronic respiratory diseases global mortality trends, treatment guidelines, life style modifications, and air pollution: preliminary analysis. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:2643-2655. [PMID: 31372301 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Khaltaev
- Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Axelrod
- Institute for Leadership and Healthcare Management, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Koba S, Takao T, Shimizu F, Ogawa M, Ishii Y, Yokota Y, Furuyama F, Tsunoda F, Shoji M, Harris WS, Takada A. Comparison of plasma levels of different species of trans fatty acids in Japanese male patients with acute coronary syndrome versus healthy men. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284:173-180. [PMID: 30921600 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It remains unclear how trans fatty acid (TFA) at low-level intake affect lipid levels and the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The study aimed to investigate how plasma TFA composition differs between male patients with ACS and healthy men. METHODS Plasma fatty acid (FA) composition (as determined by gas chromatography) was analyzed in ACS patients on hospital admission and compared to that of age-adjusted healthy men. RESULTS Total FA and TFA levels were similar between ACS and control subjects. Palmitelaidic acid, ruminant-derived TFA (R-TFA), levels were lower in ACS patients (0.17 ± 0.06 vs. 0.20 ± 0.06 of total FA, in ACS and control, respectively, p<0.01), and were significantly directly associated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (rho = 0.269) and n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) (rho = 0.442). Linoleic trans isomers (total C18:2 TFA), primary industrially-produced TFA (IP-TFAs), were significantly higher in ACS patients (0.68 ± 0.17 vs. 0.60 ± 0.20 of total FA, in ACS and control, respectively). Total trans-C18:1 isomers were comparable between ACS and control. Differences between ACS and controls in C18:1 trans varied by specific C18:1 trans species. Absolute concentrations of trans-C18:2 isomers were significantly directly associated with LDL-C and non-HDL-C in ACS men. The ACS patients showed significantly lower levels of both n-6 and n-3 PUFA (i.e., eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids). CONCLUSIONS There were several case-control differences in specific TFA that could potential affect risk for ACS. Japanese ACS patients, especially middle-aged patients, may consume less R-TFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Koba
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Takao
- Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Shimizu
- Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ogawa
- Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Ishii
- Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuya Yokota
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Furuyama
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Tsunoda
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shoji
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine and Omegaquant LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Akikazu Takada
- The International Projects on Food and Health (NPO), Tokyo, Japan
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Ramirez JL, Zahner GJ, Spaulding KA, Khetani SA, Hills NK, Gasper WJ, Harris WS, Cohen BE, Grenon SM. Peripheral Artery Disease Is Associated with a Deficiency of Erythrocyte Membrane n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Lipids 2019; 54:211-219. [PMID: 30883776 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Population-based data suggest that individuals who consume large dietary amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have lower odds of peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, clinical studies examining n-3 PUFA levels in patients with PAD are sparse. The objective of this study is to compare erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (FA) content between patients with PAD and controls. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 179 vascular surgery outpatients (controls, 34; PAD, 145). A blood sample was drawn and the erythrocyte FA content was assayed using capillary gas chromatography. We calculated the ratio of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) as well as the omega-3 index (O3I), a measure of erythrocyte content of the n-3 PUFA, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), expressed as a percentage of total erythrocyte FA. Compared with controls, patients with PAD smoked more and were more likely to have hypertension and hyperlipidemia (p < 0.05). Patients with PAD had a lower mean O3I (5.0 ± 1.7% vs 6.0 ± 1.6%, p < 0.001) and EPA:ARA ratio (0.04 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.05, p < 0.001), but greater mean total saturated fats (39.5 ± 2.5% vs 38.5 ± 2.6%, p = 0.01). After adjusting for several patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medications, an absolute decrease of 1% in the O3I was associated with 39% greater odds of PAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.86, and p = 0.03). PAD was associated with a deficiency of erythrocyte n-3 PUFA, a lower EPA:ARA ratio, and greater mean total saturated fats. These alterations in FA content may be involved in the pathogenesis or development of poor outcomes in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Ramirez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Greg J Zahner
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kimberly A Spaulding
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mail Code 112G, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Sukaynah A Khetani
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mail Code 112G, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Nancy K Hills
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158-2549, USA
| | - Warren J Gasper
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mail Code 112G, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - William S Harris
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, 5009 W. 12th Street, Suite 8, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA.,Department of Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Beth E Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1211, San Francisco, CA 94143-1211, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - S Marlene Grenon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Harris WS, Tintle NL, Ramachandran VS. Erythrocyte n-6 Fatty Acids and Risk for Cardiovascular Outcomes and Total Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10122012. [PMID: 30572606 PMCID: PMC6316092 DOI: 10.3390/nu10122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic value of erythrocyte levels of n-6 fatty acids (FAs) for total mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes remains an open question. Methods: We examined cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and death in 2500 individuals in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort without prevalent CVD (mean age 66 years, 57% women) as a function of baseline levels of different length n-6 FAs (18 carbon, 20 carbon, and 22 carbon) in the erythrocyte membranes. Clinical outcomes were monitored for up to 9.5 years (median follow up, 7.26 years). Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for a variety of demographic characteristics, clinical status, and red blood cell (RBC) n-6 and long chain n-3 FA content. Results: There were 245 CV events, 119 coronary heart disease (CHD) events, 105 ischemic strokes, 58 CVD deaths, and 350 deaths from all causes. Few associations between either mortality or CVD outcomes were observed for n-6 FAs, with those that were observed becoming non-significant after adjusting for n-3 FA levels. Conclusions: Higher circulating levels of marine n-3 FA levels are associated with reduced risk for incident CVD and ischemic stroke and for death from CHD and all-causes; however, in the same sample little evidence exists for association with n-6 FAs. Further work is needed to identify a full profile of FAs associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA.
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA.
| | - Vasan S Ramachandran
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 02118, USA.
- Departments of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Effects of dietary supplementation with krill meal on serum pro-inflammatory markers after the Iditarod sled dog race. Res Vet Sci 2018; 121:18-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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von Schacky C, Harris WS. Why docosapentaenoic acid is not included in the Omega-3 Index. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 135:18-21. [PMID: 30103927 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As currently defined, the Omega-3 Index comprises eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but not docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in erythrocytes. In fish and many fish oils DPA is detectable (along with EPA and DHA), but sources rich in DPA are scarce. Purified DPA is available, and DPA is a precursor of biologically active molecules, but much remains to be learned about the effects of DPA in humans. In epidemiologic studies, erythrocyte DPA did not predict risk for total mortality, sudden cardiac death, or other relevant cardiovascular events, and, more importantly, did not improve prediction of these events when included along with EPA and DHA, the original Omega-3 Index. We conclude that current scientific evidence does not support including DPA into the Omega-3 Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens von Schacky
- Preventive Cardiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Omegametrix, GmbH, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, USA; OmegaQuant, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Filipovic MG, Aeschbacher S, Reiner MF, Stivala S, Gobbato S, Bonetti N, Risch M, Risch L, Camici GG, Luescher TF, von Schacky C, Conen D, Beer JH. Whole blood omega-3 fatty acid concentrations are inversely associated with blood pressure in young, healthy adults. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1548-1554. [PMID: 29570511 PMCID: PMC6085127 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids (n - 3 FA) may have blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects in untreated hypertensive and elderly patients. The effect of n - 3 FA on BP in young, healthy adults remains unknown. The Omega-3 Index reliably reflects an individuals' omega-3 status. We hypothesized that the Omega-3 Index is inversely associated with BP levels in young healthy adults. METHODS The current study (n = 2036) is a cross-sectional study investigating the baseline characteristics of a cohort, which includes healthy adults, age 25-41 years. Individuals with cardiovascular disease, known diabetes or a BMI higher than 35 kg/m were excluded. The Omega-3 Index was determined in whole blood using gas chromatography. Association with office and 24-h BP was assessed using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Median Omega-3 Index was 4.58% (interquartile range 4.08; 5.25). Compared with individuals in the lowest Omega-3 Index quartile, individuals in the highest had a SBP and DBP that was 4 and 2 mmHg lower, respectively (P < 0.01). A significant linear inverse relationship of the Omega-3 Index with 24-h and office BP was observed. Per 1-U increase in log-transformed Omega-3 Index the lowering in BP (given as multivariable adjusted β coefficients; 95% confidence interval) was -2.67 mmHg (-4.83; -0.51; P = 0.02) and -2.30 mmHg (-3.92; -0.68; P = 0.005) for 24-h SBP and DBP, respectively. CONCLUSION A higher Omega-3 Index is associated with statistically significant, clinically relevant lower SBP and DBP levels in normotensive young and healthy individuals. Diets rich in n - 3 FA may be a strategy for primary prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Filipovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Stefanie Aeschbacher
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Simona Stivala
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Sara Gobbato
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Nicole Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Martin Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
- Department of Preventative Cardiology, Private University Triesen, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | | | - Thomas F. Luescher
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Clemens von Schacky
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - David Conen
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juerg H. Beer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich
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Harris WS, Tintle NL, Etherton MR, Vasan RS. Erythrocyte long-chain omega-3 fatty acid levels are inversely associated with mortality and with incident cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Heart Study. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:718-727.e6. [PMID: 29559306 PMCID: PMC6034629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which omega-3 fatty acid status is related to risk for death from any cause and for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To examine these associations in the Framingham Heart Study. DESIGN Prospective and observational. SETTING Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. MEASUREMENTS The exposure marker was red blood cell levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (the Omega-3 Index) measured at baseline. Outcomes included mortality (total, CVD, cancer, and other) and total CVD events in participants free of CVD at baseline. Follow-up was for a median of 7.3 years. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for 18 variables (demographic, clinical status, therapeutic, and CVD risk factors). RESULTS Among the 2500 participants (mean age 66 years, 54% women), there were 350 deaths (58 from CVD, 146 from cancer, 128 from other known causes, and 18 from unknown causes). There were 245 CVD events. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, a higher Omega-3 Index was associated with significantly lower risks (P-values for trends across quintiles) for total mortality (P = .02), for non-CVD and non-cancer mortality (P = .009), and for total CVD events (P = .008). Those in the highest (>6.8%) compared to those in the lowest Omega-3 Index quintiles (<4.2%) had a 34% lower risk for death from any cause and 39% lower risk for incident CVD. These associations were generally stronger for docosahexaenoic acid than for eicosapentaenoic acid. When total cholesterol was compared with the Omega-3 Index in the same models, the latter was significantly related with these outcomes, but the former was not. LIMITATIONS Relatively short follow-up time and one-time exposure assessment. CONCLUSIONS A higher Omega-3 Index was associated with reduced risk of both CVD and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota; and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | - Mark R Etherton
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's, Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Departments of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Clark CM, Monahan KD, Drew RC. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation reduces blood pressure but not renal vasoconstrictor response to orthostatic stress in healthy older adults. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13674. [PMID: 29673104 PMCID: PMC5907940 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults exhibit augmented renal vasoconstriction during orthostatic stress compared to young adults. Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in fish oil (FO), modulates autonomic nerve activity. However, the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on the renal vasoconstrictor response to orthostatic stress in young and older adults is unknown. Therefore, 10 young (25 ± 1 years; mean ± SEM) and 10 older (66 ± 2 years) healthy adults ingested 4 g FO daily for 12 weeks, and underwent graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP; -15 and -30 mmHg) pre- and post-FO supplementation. Renal blood flow velocity (RBFV; Doppler ultrasound), arterial blood pressure (BP; photoplethysmographic finger cuff), and heart rate (electrocardiogram) were recorded. Renal vascular resistance (RVR), an index of renal vasoconstriction, was calculated as mean BP/RBFV. All baseline cardiovascular values were similar between groups and visits, except diastolic BP was higher in the older group (P < 0.05). FO supplementation increased erythrocyte EPA and DHA content in both groups (P < 0.05). FO did not affect RVR or RBFV responses to LBNP in either group, but attenuated the mean BP response to LBNP in the older group (older -30 mmHg: pre-FO -4 ± 1 vs. post-FO 0 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05; young -30 mmHg: pre-FO -5 ± 1 vs. post-FO -5 ± 2 mmHg). In conclusion, FO supplementation attenuates the mean BP response but does not affect the renal vasoconstrictor response to orthostatic stress in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Clark
- Penn State College of MedicineMilton S. Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPennsylvania
| | - Kevin D. Monahan
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePenn State College of MedicineMilton S. Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPennsylvania
| | - Rachel C. Drew
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePenn State College of MedicineMilton S. Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPennsylvania
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Gucalp A, Zhou XK, Cook ED, Garber JE, Crew KD, Nangia JR, Bhardwaj P, Giri DD, Elemento O, Verma A, Wang H, Lee JJ, Vornik LA, Mays C, Weber D, Sepeda V, O'Kane H, Krasne M, Williams S, Morris PG, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Dunn BK, Hudis CA, Brown PH, Dannenberg AJ. A Randomized Multicenter Phase II Study of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Patients with a History of Breast Cancer, Premalignant Lesions, or Benign Breast Disease. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:203-214. [PMID: 29453232 PMCID: PMC6290902 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a cause of subclinical inflammation, is a risk factor for the development of postmenopausal breast cancer and is associated with poorer cancer outcomes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, possesses anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that treatment with DHA would reduce the expression of proinflammatory genes and aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, in benign breast tissue of overweight/obese women. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II study of DHA given for 12 weeks to overweight/obese women with a history of stage I-III breast cancer, DCIS/LCIS, Paget's disease, or proliferative benign breast disease was carried out. In this placebo controlled trial, the primary objective was to determine whether DHA (1,000 mg by mouth twice daily) reduced breast tissue levels of TNFα. Secondary objectives included evaluation of the effect of DHA on breast tissue levels of COX-2, IL1β, aromatase, white adipose tissue inflammation, and gene expression by RNA-seq. Red blood cell fatty acid levels were measured to assess compliance. From July 2013 to November 2015, 64 participants were randomized and treated on trial (32 women per arm). Increased levels of omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cells were detected following treatment with DHA (P < 0.001) but not placebo. Treatment with DHA did not alter levels of TNFα (P = 0.71), or other biomarkers including the transcriptome in breast samples. Treatment with DHA was overall well-tolerated. Although compliance was confirmed, we did not observe changes in the levels of prespecified biomarkers in the breast after treatment with DHA when compared with placebo. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 203-14. ©2018 AACRSee related editorial by Fabian and Kimler, p. 187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Gucalp
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Elise D Cook
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine D Crew
- Departments of Medicine/Epidemiology, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Julie R Nangia
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics/Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics/Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lana A Vornik
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carrie Mays
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diane Weber
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Valerie Sepeda
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Holly O'Kane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret Krasne
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Williams
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Barbara K Dunn
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, Virginia
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Islam MS, Castellucci C, Fiorini R, Greco S, Gagliardi R, Zannotti A, Giannubilo SR, Ciavattini A, Frega NG, Pacetti D, Ciarmela P. Omega-3 fatty acids modulate the lipid profile, membrane architecture, and gene expression of leiomyoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7143-7156. [PMID: 29574773 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids or myomas) are the most common benign tumors of premenopausal women and new medical treatments are needed. This study aimed to determine the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the lipid profile, membrane architecture and gene expression patterns of extracellular matrix components (collagen1A1, fibronectin, versican, or activin A), mechanical signaling (integrin β1, FAK, and AKAP13), sterol regulatory molecules (ABCG1, ABCA1, CAV1, and SREBF2), and mitochondrial enzyme (CYP11A1) in myometrial and leiomyoma cells. Myometrial tissues had a higher amount of arachidonic acid than leiomyoma tissues while leiomyoma tissues had a higher level of linoleic acid than myometrial tissues. Treatment of primary myometrial and leiomyoma cells with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduced the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in both cell types. Myometrial and leiomyoma cell membranes were in the liquid-crystalline phase, but EPA- and DHA-treated cells had decreased membrane fluidity. While we found no changes in the mRNA expression of ECM components, EPA and DHA treatment reduced levels of ABCG1, ABCA1, and AKAP13 in both cell types. EPA and DHA also reduced FAK and CYP11A1 expression in myometrial cells. The ability of omega-3 fatty acids to remodel membrane architecture and downregulate the expression of genes involved in mechanical signaling and lipid accumulation in leiomyoma cells offers to further investigate this compound as preventive and/or therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Clara Castellucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Fiorini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Greco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Zannotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano R Giannubilo
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Natale G Frega
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Pacetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle , Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Jackson KH, Harris WS. Blood Fatty Acid Profiles: New Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Disease Risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:22. [PMID: 29556735 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fatty acid (FA) profiles in different blood compartments are reflections of both diet and metabolism, and some FA levels are related to disease risk. RECENT FINDINGS Perhaps the most studied FA-disease relationship is between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite null results from recent large omega-3 FA supplementation trials, new research continues to support past studies showing that blood levels of EPA + DHA are inversely related to risk for total mortality and fatal CVD events. But blood levels of other FAs may also be useful markers of risk for a variety of diseases. The essential omega-6 FA linoleic acid is inversely associated with risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas risk for T2D is directly related to biomarkers of de novo lipogenesis (palmitic and palmitoleic acids). Levels of industrially produced trans FAs have been linked to higher risk for CVD. Thus, blood levels of several individual FAs are emerging as modifiable biomarkers for risk of major chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina H Jackson
- OmegaQuant, LLC, 5009 W. 12th St., Suite 8, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA.
| | - William S Harris
- OmegaQuant, LLC, 5009 W. 12th St., Suite 8, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA.,Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Mychaleckyj JC, Nayak U, Colgate ER, Zhang D, Carstensen T, Ahmed S, Ahmed T, Mentzer AJ, Alam M, Kirkpatrick BD, Haque R, Faruque ASG, Petri WA. Multiplex genomewide association analysis of breast milk fatty acid composition extends the phenotypic association and potential selection of FADS1 variants to arachidonic acid, a critical infant micronutrient. J Med Genet 2018. [PMID: 29514873 PMCID: PMC6047159 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk is the sole nutrition source during exclusive breastfeeding, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) are critical micronutrients in infant physical and cognitive development. There has been no prior genomewide association study of breast milk, hence our objective was to test for genetic association with breast milk FA composition. METHODS We measured the fractional composition of 26 individual FAs in breast milk samples from three cohorts totalling 1142 Bangladeshi mothers whose infants were genotyped on the Illumina MEGA chip and replicated on a custom Affymetrix 30K SNP array (n=616). Maternal genotypes were imputed using IMPUTE. RESULTS After running 33 separate FA fraction phenotypes, we found that SNPs known to be associated with serum FAs in the FADS1/2/3 region were also associated with breast milk FA composition (experiment-wise significance threshold 4.2×10-9). Hypothesis-neutral comparison of the 33 fractions showed that the most significant genetic association at the FADS1/2/3 locus was with fraction of arachidonic acid (AA) at SNP rs174556, with a very large per major allele effect size of 17% higher breast milk AA level. There was no evidence of independent association at FADS1/2/3 with any other FA or SNP after conditioning on AA and rs174556. We also found novel significant experiment-wise SNP associations with: polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 6/PUFA3 ratio (sorting nexin 29), eicosenoic (intergenic) and capric (component of oligomeric Golgi complex 3) acids; and six additional loci at genomewide significance (<5×10-8). CONCLUSIONS AA is the primary FA in breast milk influenced by genetic variation at the FADS1/2/3 locus, extending the potential phenotypes under genetic selection to include breast milk composition, thereby possibly affecting infant growth or cognition. Breast milk FA composition is influenced by maternal genetics in addition to diet and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - E Ross Colgate
- Department of Medicine, Vaccine Testing Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Dadong Zhang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- Center for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Masud Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Department of Medicine, Vaccine Testing Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- Center for Nutrition and Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Lindholt JS, Kristensen KL, Burillo E, Martinez-Lopez D, Calvo C, Ros E, Martín-Ventura JL, Sala-Vila A. Arachidonic Acid, but Not Omega-3 Index, Relates to the Prevalence and Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Population-Based Study of Danish Men. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007790. [PMID: 29374048 PMCID: PMC5850259 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Animal models support dietary omega‐3 fatty acids protection against abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but clinical data are scarce. The sum of red blood cell proportions of the omega‐3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, known as omega‐3 index, is a valid surrogate for long‐term omega‐3 intake. We investigated the association between the omega‐3 index and the prevalence and progression of AAA. We also investigated associations between AAA and arachidonic acid, an omega‐6 fatty acid that is a substrate for proinflammatory lipid mediators. Methods and Results We obtained blood samples from 498 AAA patients (maximal aortic diameter ≥30 mm) within a population‐based ultrasound‐screening trial in men and from 199 age‐matched controls who screened negative. We determined the fatty acids of red blood cells by gas chromatography. During a median follow‐up of 4.85 years, 141 AAA patients reached criteria for vascular surgical repair. Participants were high consumers of omega‐3 (average omega‐3 index: 7.6%). No significant associations were found for omega‐3 index. In contrast, arachidonic acid in AAA patients was higher than in controls (P<0.001), and individuals in the upper tertile of arachidonic acid at baseline had higher probability of having AAA (odds ratio: 1.309; 95% confidence interval, 1.021–1.678; P=0.033). AAA patients at the upper tertile of arachidonic acid at baseline had a 54% higher risk of needing surgical repair during follow‐up (hazard ratio: 1.544; 95% confidence interval, 1.127–2.114; P=0.007). Conclusions Omega‐3 index is unrelated to men with AAA from a country in which fish consumption is customarily high. Arachidonic acid is associated with AAA presence and progression. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00662480.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katrine L Kristensen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elena Burillo
- Vascular Research Lab., FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Martinez-Lopez
- Vascular Research Lab., FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Calvo
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose L Martín-Ventura
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain .,Vascular Research Lab., FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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